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Abid, Chiraz. "L'établissement du contenu du droit aplicable en matière d'arbitrage international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D042.
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Le rôle que joue le tribunal arbitral dans l'établissement du contenu du droit applicable n'est pas déterminé dans la plupart des législations d'arbitrage. Cette défaillance du cadre légal conduit à l'interprétation du principe jura novit curia en matière d'arbitrage international. Certes, une transposition pure et simple dans cette matière dudit principe, tel qu'il est appliqué devant les tribunaux étatiques, n'est pas sans difficulté. Néanmoins, en vue de consolider la confiance des parties dans la justice arbitrale et améliorer sa qualité, le tribunal arbitral doit avoir un rôle prépondérant vis-à-vis du droit applicable. En outre, l'office de l'arbitre doit intégrer l'emprise croissante des principes procéduraux fondamentaux. L'administration de la preuve juridique durant l'instance arbitrale s'accomplit à travers différents outils et méthodes. Ces derniers sont, de nos jours, très harmonisés dans les différentes législations et ce grâce à l'effort considérable déployé par les différentes institutions d'arbitrage. Néanmoins, en dépit de leur utilisation fréquente, de leur évolution croissante et leurs avantages indéniables, certains inconvénients persistent et contredisent parfois les besoins d'efficacité et de célérité recherchés par les compromettants. D'autres méthodes, spécifiques pour la preuve juridique, devraient émerger pour une meilleure administration de la justice. Il ne faut toutefois pas privilégier simplement une solution rapide du litige. Il faut qu'elle soit également acceptable et juste aux yeux des parties. Un outil de contrôle de la phase post-arbitrale, qui vise à vérifier si le contenu «censé» établi du droit applicable est correctement appliqué par l'arbitre aux faits de l'espèce, doit pouvoir exister et être efficace. Une telle mesure doit cependant être respectueuse du principe de non révision au fond des sentencesThe role of the arbital tribunal in the establishment of the content of the applicable law on the merits is not envisaged in most of the arbitration statutes. This brings us to examine the principle ''jura novit curia" and the opportunity of its application to international arbitration. Applying this principle in the same way it is applied before state courts to international arbitration has led to several difficulties. However in order to encourage the parties to resort to arbitration and to increase their trust in this conflict resolution mechanism, the arbitrator must be actively involved in the establishment of the content of the applicable law. Moreover, the "ex officia" attributions of the arbitrator should always comply with the due process principles. The administration of the proof of the applicable law during an arbitration procedure is nowadays standardized in most of the different law systems, due to the continuous efforts of the arbitration institutions. However, and despite the numerous advantages of the current methods of establishment of the applicable law, many difficulties are still encountered, which is diminishing the efficiency and the celerity expected by the parties from the arbitration process. Therefore, news methods should be developed, without however compromising the quality of the justice rendered: a post arbitral control must be implemented in order to verify whether the arbitrator has correctly applied the law on the merits "as previously established" to the case at hand, while respecting the principle of non review of the award on the merits
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Sabalbal, Hélène. "Le choix du droit applicable dans l’arbitrage d’investissement : expérience euro-arabe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020029.
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Le règlement d’un litige d’investissement dépend souvent du choix du droit applicable au fond. L’arbitre a l’obligation de respecter la volonté des parties. Les litiges d’investissement impliquent une partie privée et une partie étatique qui peut donner son consentement à l’arbitrage à l’avance dans une offre générale d’arbitrage. L’arbitre ne déterminera le droit applicable au litige qu’en cas du silence des parties. Sous l’égide d’une institution d’arbitrage ou dans le cadre d’un arbitrage ad hoc, l’arbitre peut appliquer un droit national, le droit régional (communautaire, musulman), le droit international ou des règles anationales, ou encore une combinaison de ces règles et droits. La partie I s’intéresse aux interactions entre ces droits et règles de droit et leur hiérarchisation éventuelle, pour pouvoir régler un litige d’investissement euro-arabe. Depuis l’entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne en 2009, l'UE a une compétence exclusive pour négocier les accords relatifs aux investissements étrangers directs. La Partie II s’intéresse aux effets de la nouvelle compétence de l'Union sur les TBI antérieurs à Lisbonne et ceux postérieurs que les Etats membres voudraient conclure, et notamment les conséquences sur le droit applicable pour le règlement des litiges d’investissement. La partie III traite des limites au choix du droit applicable. L'arbitre doit rendre une sentence efficace et exécutoire. Le non-respect du droit applicable peut constituer un motif de recours contre la sentence. La révision de la sentence au fond dans certains pays arabes constitue indirectement une deuxième limite. Finalement, il est nécessaire de respecter l’ordre publicThe settlement of an investment dispute often depends on the choice of applicable law to the merits. The arbitrator has the obligation to respect the will of the parties. In investment arbitration, the parties are a private party and a state party who may give its consent to arbitration in advance in a general offer of arbitration. The arbitrator will determine the applicable law only if the parties did not do so. Under the aegis of an arbitration institution or within the framework of an ad hoc arbitration, the arbitrator may apply national law, regional law (European, Islamic law), international law or non-national rules, or even a combination of formulas. Part I examines the interactions between these laws and rules of law, their potential hierarchy, in order to be able to settle an Euro-Arab investment dispute. Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the EU has had exclusive competence to negotiate agreements relating to foreign direct investment. Part II studies the effects of the new competence of the EU on BITs prior to Lisbon and those that the Member States would like to conclude in the future, and in particular the consequences on the applicable law for the settlement of investment dispute. Part III tackles the limits to the choice of applicable law. The arbitrator must render an effective and enforceable award. Failure to apply the applicable law may be challenged. In some Arab countries, the award is reviewed at the merits, which is a second limitation. In addition, it is necessary to respect public policy
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Duffy, Matt J. "Unnamed Sources: A Longitudinal Review of the Practice and its Merits." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_diss/19.
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This dissertation reviews the history and discourse of the debate regarding the use of unnamed sources in journalism. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis explores how the use of anonymous sources has changed over the years. The ethics justifying their use are examined through the lens of utilitarianism. The author offers guidelines for their future use.
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Thackeray, Vincent Gregory. "Inconsistencies in the rights of review of the merits of Commonwealth administrative decisions /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20020821.171741/index.html.
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Fei, Lanfang, and 费兰芳. "Judicial review of arbitral awards in China: the need for reform." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533976.
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The subject of this thesis is the judicial review of arbitral awards in China. Chinese arbitration law provides a distinct set of rules for reviewing international and domestic awards, which is usually referred to as the dual-track system (“Shuang Gui Zhi”). First, the judicial review standard is dual-track because international awards are subject to procedural and limited review, whereas domestic awards are subject to substantial review. Second, the review procedure is also dual-track because a reporting mechanism under which the lower courts cannot deny an international award without confirmation by the Supreme People’s Court of China is applied to international awards but is not applied to domestic awards.
The following question arises: Should the dual-track judicial review system for arbitral awards be harmonised into a single system, and if so, how should it be accomplished. This question has sparked heated debates among scholars and practitioners. It is important because appropriate and efficient judicial review of awards is essential to the functioning and development of the arbitration system in China.
The research is based on the theory of path-dependent and institutional change. My consideration of the future of the dual-track system is centred on the wisdom of the original policy considerations behind the dual-track judicial review path, the solidity of the institutional foundations of the dual-track judicial review path and feedback on the dual-track system from judicial practice and the arbitration market. The research critically examined the policies and institutions behind the design of the dual-track judicial review and conducted an empirical study of the feedback of the design, which included a comprehensive review of various materials, cases and data relating to the subject.
The thesis concluded that the dual-track review path should be reformed by harmonising the dual-track review standard while maintaining and revising the dual-track procedure. The dual-track review standard should be uniform, and the limited scope of procedural review should be applied to both domestic and international awards. Policy and institutional foundations have failed in the substantial review of domestic awards due to the disruption in boundaries between international business and Chinese domestic business, as well as a weakened distinction between international and domestic arbitration commissions. The case study and the survey provide further empirical evidence that supports my argument, which revealed that the dual-track standard causes chaos and abuse of law in judicial practice and has gained negative feedback from arbitration market participants.
In contrast, the dual-track judicial review procedure should be maintained and revised. The study indicated that the reporting mechanism still acts as a positive force to control the outcome of reviews and secure proper and uniform application of the law. Despite its shortcomings, it still plays an important role in counteracting the negative effect of local protectionism and reinforces confidence of foreign investors in arbitration and within the legal infrastructure in China.
Based on the above findings, the author proposed a new regulatory framework designed to be sufficiently flexible and current for meeting the practical requirements of arbitration, while considering suitable interaction between arbitration bodies and courts. Specifically, the thesis suggested that the Arbitration Law should be revised as a unitary and exclusive legal framework for regulating judicial review of arbitral awards, and for incorporating the rules of enforcement of arbitral awards specified in the Civil Procedural Law. Although separate regimes for domestic and international arbitration should be maintained, the criteria for differentiating various types of arbitral awards should be clarified and redefined. Finally, the thesis made several concrete suggestions for improving specific provisions of the law that govern judicial review of arbitral awards.published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Man, Derek Mang Wo. "Court intervention in and judicial review of Hong Kong domestic arbitration awards." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20834184a.pdf.
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Filho, Antonio Carlos Nachif Correia. "Julgamentos parciais no processo civil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-13102015-141958/.
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Este trabalho trata fundamentalmente da admissibilidade dos julgamentos parciais do mérito e de questões de mérito no sistema processual civil brasileiro, considerando especialmente o modelo constitucional de processo civil, bem como no sistema processual prospectivo previsto no Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil, que deve entrar vigor em breve. Com este objetivo, será abordado no início da dissertação o dogma da unidade estrutural da sentença, sua origem, fundamentos e aplicabilidade no processo civil brasileiro, já que esse dogma parece ser o principal óbice que se opõe à realização dos julgamentos parciais. Em seguida, procede-se à análise da natureza dos pronunciamentos judiciais em que se realizam os julgamentos parciais, quando admitidos no CPC/73, para defini-los como decisões interlocutórias de mérito (ou de questões de mérito) ou sentenças parciais e intermediárias. Além disso, pretende-se estabelecer os pressupostos autorizadores dos julgamentos parciais, para que, assim, esses julgamentos sejam realizados de forma eficiente e em prol da efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Trata-se ainda os julgamentos parciais na arbitragem e suas particularidades decorrentes das disposições específicas da Lei de Arbitragem e das características específicas do processo arbitral. Finalmente, nos capítulos finais deste estudo enfrentam-se os obstáculos que geralmente se colocam à realização dos julgamentos parciais relativamente ao âmbito recursal e à formação da coisa julgada. Para esse fim, são abordados a teoria dos capítulos de sentença, os efeitos dos recursos e, especialmente, a formação gradual da coisa julgada à luz da doutrina, da jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores e também do Projeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil.This paper deals essentially with the possibility of rendering partial judgments on the merits and on issues of merits in the Brazilian Civil Procedure, considering especially the constitutional framework of civil procedure, as well as in the prospective procedural system provided by the New Code of Civil Procedure bill, which shall be in force soon. With this goal, the principle of the indivisibility of the award on merits, its origins, its grounds and its applicability to the Brazilian Civil Procedure are addressed in the beginning of the dissertation, as this principle seems to be the main obstacle against the partial judgments. Following this, the nature of the judicial decisions in wich the partial judgments take place when admitted by the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure of 1973 shall be analysed, in order to characterize them either as interlocutory decisions on the merits (or on issues of merits) or as partial and intermediate awards. In addition, there is a focus on clarifying the conditions in which partial judgments can be rendered, in order to carried out in and efficient fashion, and hence contributing to the effectiveness of the judicial relief. Moreover, the partial judgments in arbitration, as well as their particularities arisen from the specific provisions under the Arbitration Act and singular characteristics of arbitral procedure are analysed. The final chapters of this paper face the obstacles associated with appeals and with claim preclusion that are usually posed against the rendering of partial judgments. For this scope, there shall be addressed the theory of chapters of the award, the effects of the appeals, and specially the gradual claim preclusion in view of the scholars opinions, the case law of the Higher Courts, and also under the New Code of Civil Procedure bill.
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Botma, Carli Helena. "The role of reasonableness in the review of labour arbitration awards." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1035.
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The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 in section 145 and the Arbitration Act 42 of 1965 in section 33 uses wording very similar to one another to specifically enable the labour court to review CCMA and private arbitration awards respectively. As a result, labour arbitration award reviews are regarded as part of the family of special statutory reviews; the implication of such a classification being that the situation specific statutory provision(s) and the jurisprudential principles developed thereunder are applicable rather than those applicable to reviews in general. When the common purpose of the review procedure is then read with the legislature’s objective of quickly and finally resolving labour disputes at arbitration level as well as the limited grounds for review as provided for in the LRA and the AA, indications are that the labour courts’ review powers should be restrictively interpreted. However, because the making of CCMA arbitration awards also constitutes administrative action, the review thereof is also influenced by the constitutional right to just administrative action and reasonableness in particular. This does however not mean that applicants on review can rely directly on section 33 of the Final Constitution or on the broader grounds of section 6 of the PAJA to review CCMA arbitration awards on the basis of unreasonableness. Section 145 of the LRA constitutes administrative action legislation within the specialised labour law sphere and reasonableness is not a ground mentioned therein. A constitutionally consistent interpretation of section 145 however has the effect that reasonableness suffuses the statutory defined grounds for review; a state of affairs that does not threaten the restrictive scope of CCMA arbitration award reviews. In terms thereof, courts on review must establish whether the decision, alleged to have been reached by the commissioner as a result of the occurrence of one or more of the section 145 grounds for review, is one that a reasonable decision-maker could not reach. This interpretation accords far better with the legislature’s specific objectives pertaining to labour arbitration award reviews and the permissible range of reasonableness further ensures that awards are not easily interfered with on review. When a court is then called upon to determine whether or not a decision is reviewable in terms of section 145, it is entitled to have regard to both the award and the record of the proceedings. If, after such scrutiny, the court is of the opinion that the decision was arrived at as a result of the occurrence of a defect as contemplated by section 145 of the LRA, the decision should be reviewed and set aside irrespective of the fact that the outcome can be sustained by other reasons also identifiable from the record; the focus of review always being on the commissioner’s process of reasoning and the way in which he arrived at his findings rather than the outcome of the process. A court should however be mindful of the fact that erroneous reasons for findings per se are not reviewable grounds, but at best serve as evidence of a reviewable ground that will in conjunction with other considerations have to be sufficiently compelling to justify an inference that the decision is unreasonable. In the case of jurisdictional reviews, the reasonableness standard is also applicable because the focus is on the commissioner’s subjective reasons for his findings rather than the jurisdictional fact’s objective existence. A court on review can accordingly set aside a decision following upon the non-observance of a jurisdictional fact if the commissioner, in deciding that the jurisdictional fact existed, committed one or more of the section 145 grounds for review. In the case of private arbitration awards, applicants seeking a review must do so on the grounds recognised in section 33 of the AA and reasonableness is not one of them. This is however not the only reason why these awards are also not subject to the scrutiny of the reasonableness test on review. The other reason relates to the fact that the issuing of private arbitration awards does not constitute administrative action. The disputing parties can also not by agreement incorporate the reasonableness standard into private arbitration award reviews conducted by the labour court. Such parties are however entitled to establish a private appeal or private review body in their arbitration agreement, clothing it with the powers that they wish to confer upon it, including the ability to review an award subject to the reasonableness standard.Abstract
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Andrade, Francisco Javier. "Contractual expansion of judical review of arbitral awards : an international view." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78197.
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In the last decade, parties to arbitration agreements have attempted to broaden the scope of judicial review of arbitral awards by contract, beyond the boundaries established in international and domestic arbitration statutes. This thesis analyzes this contractual expansion of judicial review from an international perspective. To this end, the standard of judicial review under the most important international instruments pertaining to commercial arbitration is examined: the New York Convention and the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. The study then addresses the question as to whether provisions for heightened judicial review of arbitral awards would be enforceable under the legislation of three major players in commercial arbitration: England, France and the United States. An analysis of the legitimacy of agreements that provide for expanded judicial review under the New York Convention and UNCITRAL Model Law follows. The thesis concludes with an assessment of the impact the mentioned clauses would represent for the institution of arbitration and its advantages.
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Margretz, Jason. "The effect of medical malpractice award amount on health a cross-sectional review of 1998 state data /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/MARGRETZ_JASON_24.pdf.
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Osters, Sandra Norton. "Usefulness of the Texas award for performance excellence in education criteria for a comprehensive program review in student affairs: a case study of two departments in a division of student affairs at a research extensive university." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5795.
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The culminating recommendations of the United States Secretary of Education, Margaret Spellingsâ 2006 Commission on the Future of Higher Education report demand greater access, affordability, quality and accountability in higher education. Student affairs, as well as their academic counterparts, must show that they function effectively and contribute to student learning and development. A promising program review process for student affairs to fulfill this expectation is found in the Education Criteria of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and its state-level equivalent, the Texas Award for Performance Excellence in Education Criteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of the Texas Award for Performance Excellence Education Criteria, Progress Level, as the basis for a comprehensive program review in two diverse student affairs departments. Additionally, the study was to determine the potential usefulness of the Criteria as a management strategy for senior leadership in each department to focus on assessment, planning, improvement and change. The descriptive case study was conducted using naturalistic inquiry methodology with two student affairs departments. The researcher spent nine months in the field as a participant observer. Methodology included observations of training and team leader meetings; interviews with participants, department directors, and the Office of the Vice President; document review of both self-study reports; and the researcherâÂÂs reflexive journal. Student affairs departments are particularly well-suited for the quality concept of serving customers and, in this case, students as their primary customer. The researcher concluded that the Texas Award for Performance Excellence in Education Criteria serve as a useful basis for a comprehensive program review and as a management strategy for senior leadership under the following conditions: The department must be a mature and functional unit. Student affairs staff need a foundation in quality principles, in general, and the core values, Criteria and language of the Texas Award for Performance Excellence in Education before embarking on the self-study process. The Measurement, Analysis and Knowledge Category and the Planning Category provided the most introspection and action planning for both departments. The Process Category was the most challenging for both departments.
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Mouallem, Ziad. "Le principe du contradictoire, cause de contrôle étatique des sentences arbitrales internationales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020030.
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Le principe du contradictoire post-arbitral en matière d’arbitrage international est établi dans la majorité des systèmes juridiques. Toutefois, les décisions des juges étatiques montrent que l’adhésion générale à ce concept masque d’importantes différences concernant sa portée et son application. Cette thèse ne vise point à établir une description théorique du contenu du principe, elle propose une analyse qualitative, dont l’objectif essentiel est la vérification de son individualité, et non le fait qu’il est une simple application du principe civiliste classique. Loin de constater l’adoption définitive d’un concept arbitral autonome, la solution retenue démontre l’opportunité et, donc, le besoin de sa légitimation, ayant un impact direct sur la circulation des sentences arbitrales internationales. En fin de compte, hors de tout encadrement statique, il y a lieu de détecter, à travers la progression de l’étude, une évolution logique et une activité d’apurement au niveau du droit comparé. Cette évolution, d’un principe classique vers un concept arbitral international, à lecture contractuelle et non-statutaire, contenant une règle d’égalité, puis vers un outil technique en état de disparition, ne peut que dévoiler la période d’agonie dans laquelle se place le concept en cause. Cet aboutissement ne contribue pas seulement à souligner les errements conceptuels préjudiciables en jurisprudence comparée, il concourt également à marquer l’un des traits les plus émancipatoires du processus arbitral international. Dans cette optique, une telle conjoncture participerait à l’accélération de la privatisation de la justice arbitrale internationaleThe post-arbitral adversarial principle in international arbitration is established in most legal systems. However, decisions of state judges show that general support for this concept masks significant differences in terms of its scope and application. This thesis does not aim to outline a theoretical description of the principle’s content ; it provides a qualitative analysis, the main objective of which is to ascertain its individuality, and not the fact that it is a mere application of the classic civil principle. Far from establishing the definitive adoption of an autonomous arbitral concept, the solution demonstrates the appropriateness and, therefore, the need for its legitimation, and has a direct impact on the movement of international arbitral awards. Ultimately, beyond any static framework, through the progress of the study, a logical development and regularisation activity with respect to comparative law should be detected. This development, from a classical principle to an international arbitration concept, to a contractual and non-statutory reading, containing a rule of equality, and thereafter to a technical tool which is disappearing, can only reveal the death throes in which the concept in question finds itself in. This outcome not only serves to highlight the detrimental conceptual errors in comparative case law, it also helps to mark one of the most emancipatory features of the international arbitration process. In this respect, such a situation would contribute to the accelerated privatisation of international arbitration proceedings
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Phanyane, Namadzavho California. "The applicability of the promotion of Administrative Justice Act in review of CCMA arbitration awards." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1282.
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South Africa’s employment law has undergone more frequent and dynamic changes than any area of the law, in recent years. The ability of employers and employees to regulate their respective rights and duties vis-à-vis each other by independent agreement has been progressively whittled down by statutory intervention. In so limiting the capacity of parties to the employment relationship to regulate the nature of their relationship, South Africa has followed development in Western industrialised nations. Against this background, the drafters of the Labour Relations Act1 (LRA), as amended, proposed a comprehensive framework of law governing the collective relations between employers and trade unions in all sectors of the economy. The LRA2 created a specialised set of forums and tribunals to deal with labour and employment related matters. It established Bargaining Councils, the Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA), the Labour Court (LC) and the Labour Appeal Court (LAC). It also created procedures designed to accomplish the objective of simple, inexpensive and accessible resolution of labour disputes. In redesigning labour law, the legislature decided that some disputes between employers and employees should be dealt with by arbitrators and others by judges. It is this distinction that resulted in the creation of the CCMA and the Labour Court to perform arbitration and adjudication respectively. The result of adjudication is generally subject to appeal to a higher court. The result of arbitration is generally subject to review. Arbitration was given statutory recognition in South Africa by the Arbitration Act3. That Act provides a framework within which parties in dispute may if they wish appoint their own “judge” and supply him or her with their terms of reference tailored to their needs. With the foregoing in mind, the purpose of this work is the provision of a selection of landmark cases that dealt with the review function of CCMA awards. This selection 1 Act 66 of 1995 as amended comprises of landmark judgments of the different courts of the land. The study uses, as it departure point, legislative framework to elicit the extent to which review is extended to the litigants. Apart from looking at the legislative provisions towards review grounds, reference is made to specific landmark judgments that have an effect on this subject in order to provide a comprehensive and explicit picture of how CCMA arbitration awards may be taken on review. This study focuses on substantive law developed by the Labour Court, High Court, Supreme Court of Appeal and finally the Constitutional Court. This is informed by the very nature and scope of the study because any concentration on procedural and evidentiary aspects of review could lead to failure to achieve the objectives of the study. It looks at specific South African case law, judgments of the courts and the jurisprudence in the field of employment law so that the reader is presented with a clearer picture of recent developments in addressing review of arbitration awards. The concluding remarks are drawn from a variety of approaches used by the authorities in the field of employment law in dealing with review of CCMA arbitration awards and issues for further research are highlighted.
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Botma-Kleu, Carli Helena. "The role of reasonableness in the review of CCMA arbitration awards in South Africa : an English law comparison." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020196.
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In South Africa, the Labour Courts have experienced an important and continuing controversy regarding the permissible scope of judicial review of arbitration awards of the Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (“CCMA”) in terms of section 145 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (“LRA”). Section 145(1) of the LRA specifically provides that arbitration awards, generally considered final and binding, can be reviewed and set aside by the Labour Court on the basis of a defect as defined in section 145(2)(a) and (b). These defects are not prescribed in an open-ended manner but limited to decisions involving allegations of misconduct by the commissioner in relation to his or her duties, a gross irregularity in the conduct of the proceedings and/or allegations that the commissioner exceeded his or her powers or that the award was improperly obtained. Unreasonableness and/or irrationality are not included within the scope of a defect as per section 145(2)(a) and (b). Initially, Carephone (Pty) Ltd v Marcus NO & others 1998 11 BLLR 1093 (LAC) found that the interpretation of section 145 was influenced by rational justifiability in accordance with the right to just administrative action as provided for in section 33, read with item 23(2) of Schedule 6, of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (‘the 1996 Constitution’). Today, leading precedent in the form of Sidumo & another v Rustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd & others 2007 12 BLLR 1097 (CC) dictates that section 145 of the LRA is suffused by reasonableness in accordance with the right to just administrative action as provided for in section 33 of the 1996 Constitution. The ultimate enquiry is whether the arbitration award is one that a reasonable decision-maker could reach as articulated in Bato Star Fishing (Pty) Ltd v Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism and others 2004 4 SA 490 (CC). However, the enquiry into the reasonableness of a decision is indistinct. As a result, the Labour Courts have struggled to apply the concept of reasonableness in a consistent manner. This thesis seeks to identify the proper role of reasonableness in the judicial review process, including identifying factors that would assist in recognising an unreasonable decision. Relevant principles of judicial review in South Africa in the general administrative law context are considered and distinguished from the process of appeal. An assessment of English case law and commentary in the field of both administrative and employment law is conducted. Finally an extensive examination of South African case law and commentary on the subject, both pre- and post Sidumo, is undertaken. The English law approach is found to provide greater clarity to the interpretation of reasonableness in South African labour law in several respects.
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Porter, Alexander Edward. "Non-award bearing in-service education and training courses for political education : a review and evaluation of the national provision from September 1979 to January 1982." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018488/.
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This study is concerned to evaluate the effectiveness of various forms of in-service education and training (INSET) for political education. Political education is seen as a broader enterprise than simply inculcating a knowledge of the workings of political institutions. It is argued that the main focus of INSET should be on the professional performance of teachers, on what their opinions are, what they know and what they are able to achieve. Various approaches to, and theories of educational evaluation are categorised and early attempts to evaluate INSET are surveyed. It is contended that the most appropriate mode of evaluation should incorporate the Case-Study, Formative, Responsive, Descriptive/Illuminative, Processed-based, Portrayal and Democratic methods. The particular approach devised is developed from the 'Cumulative Case-Study' technique. An analysis of a national survey of teachers' needs and opinions indicates that teachers involved in political education identify practical concerns as their main need and practical INSET sessions as their preference. The survey suggests a set of priorities which can be used to build a range of models of INSET course provision to form the basis of a theoretical framework for INSET course evaluation. A set of five models is derived from the principal aims of INSET courses identified in the national survey. As the basis of the evaluation these models provide hypotheses to be investigated and categories for the selection and analysis of research data. Two of the eleven case-studies conducted are presented to provide a selection of qualitative and quantitative data as well as to indicate the development of the research theory and the evaluation methodology. The findings indicate a range of specific recommendations for the planning and implementation of INSET courses if they are to meet the needs of teachers of political education. Many of the conclusions would apply equally to INSET courses in other fields.
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Barbosa, Bruno Valentim. "Julgamentos parciais de mérito no processo civil individual brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-06122013-114737/.
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Trata-se o presente estudo de monografia de conclusão do curso de mestrado em Direito Processual Civil, no âmbito da pós-graduação da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo (FDUSP), sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Paulo Henrique dos Santos Lucon, depositada no mês de janeiro do ano de 2013. Esta dissertação de mestrado trata dos julgamentos parciais de mérito no processo civil individual brasileiro, por meio do estudo da utilização da técnica da sentença parcial, que embora sem previsão expressa e literal no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro (diferentemente do que ocorre em alguns sistemas estrangeiros), pode ser utilizada, com cautela, a fim de concretizar princípios constitucionais, como a celeridade, a efetividade e a isonomia, além de contribuir para que se faça justiça no caso concreto. No primeiro capítulo, explica-se a pertinência do tema escolhido como objeto de estudo e faz-se uma breve introdução. No segundo, são explicados, em breve síntese, os temas mais importantes relacionados ao objeto em análise, como o conceito de mérito e a teoria dos capítulos de sentença. O terceiro capítulo é destinado ao delineamento dos julgamentos parciais já existentes no sistema, a respeito dos quais não se insurge a doutrina. O quarto destina-se a analisar e enfrentar as críticas à possibilidade de julgamentos parciais de mérito no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. No quinto capítulo, são apresentadas e discutidas questões técnicas decorrentes da cisão do julgamento. O sexto capítulo trata sobre as sentenças parciais no âmbito da arbitragem. No sétimo, são analisadas as perspectivas dos julgamentos parciais em face do projeto de novo CPC e de seu substitutivo. Por fim, foram elaborados alguns parágrafos à guisa de conclusão e listados os livros e artigos utilizados como base para a realização do presente estudo.This study is a monograph of Master\'s degree in Civil Procedure, under graduate of the Law Faculty of the University of São Paulo (FDUSP), under the guidance of Professor Paulo Henrique dos Santos Lucon, deposited in the month of January, 2013. This dissertation addresses the partial judgments on the merits in Brazilian civil procedure, through the study of the use of the technique of partial award, that although no express provision in the literal Brazilian legal system (unlike what happens in some foreign systems) can be used with caution in order to achieve constitutional principles, such as speed, effectiveness and equality, as well as contributing to make justice in each case. In the first chapter, the paper explains the relevance of the topic chosen as an object of study and makes a brief introduction. In the second, explains, in brief summary, the most important issues related to the object in question, as the concept of merits and chapters sentence theory. The third chapter is directed to the partial judgments that already exist in the system, without protest from the doctrine. The fourth intends to analyze and address the criticisms of the possibility of partial judgment in the Brazilian legal system. In the fifth chapter, the study presents and discusses technical issues concerning the theme. The sixth chapter deals with the partial awards under arbitration. In the seventh, it analyzes the prospects of partial judgments on the new CPC project and its replacement. Finally, the paper ends with a few paragraphs drawn as a conclusion and a list of the books and articles used as the basis for the realization of this study.
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Wladeck, Felipe Scripes. "Meios de controle judicial da sentença arbitral nacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-08092016-162943/.
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Conforme a Lei n.º 9.307, de 23 de setembro de 1996, as sentenças arbitrais nacionais produzem os mesmos efeitos das sentenças judiciais, independentemente de homologação. A despeito disso, elas se encontram sujeitas ao controle do Poder Judiciário. A Lei de Arbitragem disciplina os limites e meios para a impugnação judicial das sentenças arbitrais nacionais basicamente em dois dispositivos, os arts. 32 e 33. Optou-se por um regramento bastante sucinto, mas que é suficiente para resolver as situações práticas que podem se verificar quando uma sentença arbitral é impugnada. Compreendido que a arbitragem é processo de origem convencional (privada) e que por força daquelas e outras regras, como os arts. 17, 18, 20, § 2º, e 31 ela se insere no círculo da teoria geral do processo (aplicando-se-lhe, por conseguinte, os respectivos princípios e conceitos) e se sujeita aos ditames essenciais do devido processo legal, torna-se possível, a partir das técnicas interpretativas existentes, chegar a soluções para as diversas questões envolvendo o controle judicial das sentenças arbitrais nacionais das quais a Lei n.º 9.307 não tratou expressamente ou de que tratou de forma imprecisa.According to Law n.o 9.307, which came into effect in September 23rd, 1996, domestic arbitral awards have the same effect on the parties as a ruling by a State Court, without the need for judicial confirmation. The Brazilian Arbitration Act regulates the limits and means for the judicial challenge of domestic arbitral awards in, essentialy, two articles, art. 32 and 33. The Act opted for brief rules on the issue, but they are sufficient to resolve the practical situations that may arise when an arbitral award is challenged. Understanding that arbitration is a process of conventional origin (private) and that due to those as well as other rules, such as articles 17, 18, 20, paragraph 2, and 31 it is contained in the field of general procedural theory (so that, consequently, the same principles and concepts are applicable) and is subject to the essential dictates of due legal process, it becomes possible, due to existing techniques of interpretation, to develop solutions to the many issues involving the judicial control of domestic arbitral awards that Law n.o 9.307 either did not expressly regulate or regulated imprecisely.
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陳怡. "公共政策在國際商事仲裁司法審查中的適用研究 = A study on the applications of public policy in the judicial review of international commercial arbitration." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2119984.
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Gunvik-Grönbladh, Ingegerd. "Att bli bemött och att bemöta : En studie om meritering i tillsättning av lektorat vid Uppsala universitet." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234705.
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The general purpose of this thesis is to contribute to further understanding of the academic appointment process explored and defined as participation in a collegial educational process. The appointment process for academic positions has historically been regulated by state authorities ever since the first university was established in Sweden and has continuously been questioned for necessity, procedure etc. The object of study is the appointment process focusing the consideration of teaching skill in appointing academic teachers. A theoretical construction is used as a method in order to grasp what the experts and applicants consider. The thesis draws theoretical inspiration from the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu especially his work on social practice and his explanations within praxeological knowledge. In this thesis cultural capital, habitus and doxa are used as concepts for constructing a social practice. Inspired by Bourdieu’s concepts, the appointment process is made visible grounded on documentation: judgments of qualifications written by external experts and the applicants’ documentation in their applications. The empirical material on merits is analyzed according to Bourdieu’s indicators on symbolic capacities. The disposition of habitus (as an inner organizing principle) is limited to cultural capital and background demographic data. The indicators on scientific skill are also transmitted into symbolic capacities on teaching skill. Three appointments as assistant professors are analyzed, framed by information on advertisement, description of documentation, time lapse and final decision in appointment committees. The main conclusions are that the experts select whom to appoint using their practical sense unaware of the driving forces, explained as social practice. The experts act in line with the purpose of the assignment and they follow all the rules and instructions. Teaching skill is focused by the applicants and experts as practical mastery in the subject field (pedagogical authority). Selection is explained by the concept of habitus. Another conclusion is the tendency to “nuanced” co-optation similar to when appointments were made by self selection and teaching ability was important in early 19th century. A final conclusion is that in positioning of arguments in shared beliefs (doxa) in questioning the appointment process, researchers in the early years of this century represent heterodox opinions.
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Kim, Doowon. "Etude comparée du régime de la sentence arbitrale en droit coréen et en droit français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020092.
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Une étude comparative approfondie en matière d’arbitrage entre le droit coréen et le droit français n’avait jamais été effectuée en France. Surtout, du point de vue comparatiste coréen, le droit de l’arbitrage français a un intérêt particulier dans l’optique des possibles transformations à venir du droit de l’arbitrage coréen. En effet, depuis la réforme de 1999, les juristes coréens portent leur attention, y compris après la récente révision de 2016, sur la réglementation étrangère de l’arbitrage, et s’intéressent au rayonnement international du système français d’arbitrage. Il apparaît dès lors pertinent de présenter l’évolution des deux droits de l’arbitrage en mettant l’accent sur les réformes qui apportent des solutions aux problèmes soulevés par l’application des règles antérieures. Ainsi, la question est de savoir si la législation coréenne actuelle est suffisante pour faire face aux exigences de la communauté internationale et pour promouvoir sur le plan international le système coréen d’arbitrage commercial. Si tel n’est pas le cas, le droit français pourrait-il constituer une source d’inspiration pour une réforme des pratiques et du droit de l’arbitrage ? Pour répondre à ces questions, il apparaît intéressant de comparer notamment le régime de la sentence arbitrale en droit coréen et en droit français. Cette analyse comparative s’attachera donc à expliquer les raisons des différences entre les solutions apportées par ces deux droits, tant au plan législatif qu’au plan juridictionnel, afin de guider les juristes coréens et de mettre en évidence une évolution susceptible de rassurer les parties étrangères envisageant de se soumettre à un arbitrage en Corée du SudAn in-depth comparative study of arbitration between Korean and French law has never been considered in France. From the Korean comparative point of view, French arbitration law is of particular interest for the next possible directions of Korean arbitration law. For this reason, since the 1999 reform, even after the 2016 revision, Korean jurists have been paying attention to foreign arbitration regulations, especially with regard to the international influence of the French arbitration system. Therefore, it seems relevant to present the evolution of the two arbitration laws by focusing on several reforms that provide solutions to the problems raised by the application of the previous rules. Thus, the question is whether the current Korean legislation is sufficient to meet the requirements of the international community and to promote the Korean commercial arbitration system internationally. If not, should French law be used as an inspiration to define new directions for arbitration practices and laws ? In this respect, it seems interesting to compare in particular the regime of the arbitral award in Korean law and in French law. This comparative analysis will therefore seek to explain the reasons of the differences in the solutions provided by these two laws, on a legislative and jurisdictional level, in order to guide the Korean doctrine and legislator and to highlight developments likely to reassure foreign parties considering arbitration in South Korea
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Lin, Ching-Lang. "Arbitration in administrative contracts : comparative law perspective." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0023/document.
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Il a été longuement discuté de savoir si le système d'arbitrage est applicable pour régler les litiges administratifs qui concernent certains contrats administratifs ou d’autres sans rapport avec le contrat administratif. Dans cette thèse, les trois questions spécifiques sont analysées tour à tour : (1) Est-il possible pour un arbitre ou un tribunal arbitral de trancher des questions relevant du droit administratif? (2) Y a-t-il, ou devrait-il y avoir, des limitations à l'autorité des arbitres et des tribunaux arbitraux? (3) Enfin, après la délivrance d'une sentence arbitrale, quel rôle devrait jouer l'État dans la phase de contrôle judiciaire? La première question concerne l'arbitrabilité et a été discutée dans la première partie (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). La deuxième question a été discutée dans la deuxième partie (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Enfin, sur la dernière question a fait l’objet d’une troisième partie (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). Dans cette thèse, nous avons comparé les systèmes de quatre pays (Canada, Chine, France, Taïwan). En conclusion, nous pouvons donc conclure que l’évolution de la conception du contrat administratif implique de nombreux aspects, y compris les aspects juridiques, économiques, politiques et même culturels. Le développement de la fonction de contentieux administratif, comme ‘’subjectivement orienté" ou "objectivement orienté" aura une incidence sur l'acceptation de l'arbitrage en matière administrative. Dans l'ensemble, l'arbitrage sera plus acceptable dans les systèmes dont la fonction est plus ‘’subjectivement orientée" que dans ceux dont la fonction est "objectivement orientée"While arbitration has traditionally been considered as a means to resolve private disputes, its role in disputes involving administrative contracts is a crucial question in administrative law. In brief, the three specific questions are (1) Can arbitrators or arbitral tribunals decide issues involving administrative law? and (2) Is there, or should there be, any limitation on the authority of arbitrators or arbitral tribunals? (3) Moreover, after the issue of an arbitration award, what role should the State play in the judicial review phase? The first question, the issue of arbitrability, is discussed in part 1 (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). The second question will be discussed in part2 (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Finally, on the question of what happens after the arbitration award, we will discuss judicial review in part 3 (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). We compare legal systems between the four countries: in France, in Canada, in China and in Taiwan. We believe that an administrative contract, at least in its function and conception, is gradually becoming different from a private contract. Innovation with respect to administrative contracts will also reflect the concentration and function of the administrative litigation systems in each country. In addition, the “objective” or “subjective” function of administrative litigation will also affect the degree of arbitrability, as well as arbitration procedures. Taken together, arbitration will be more acceptable in systems whose function is more “subjectively oriented” than in those whose function is “objectively oriented". Finally, “the arbitration of administrative matters” traditionally has been an important question in administrative and arbitration law. In the future, we will continue to see it shine in the doctrine and jurisprudence of both the administrative and arbitration law fields
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Lembo, Sara. "The 1996 UK ARbitration Act and the UNCITRAL Model Law: a contemporary analysis." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200848.
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Arbitration as an alternative method of settling dispute. The development of Arbitration Law in England. The Arbitration Act 1996 versus the UNCITRAL Model Law: an objective and comparative analysis. Recent trends in International Commercial Arbitration: an empirical analysis.
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Chang, Ya-Fei, and 張雅菲. "Legislative Control of Post-award Procedural Dynamics: Modeling Judicial Behaviors of Post-award Review Systems in International Commercial Arbitration." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31421564937045806358.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
科際整合法律學研究所
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Ensuring the international enforceability of arbitral awards is an ideal research topic for international commercial arbitration. Constructing national legislative control of post-award procedural dynamics in domestic or international commercial arbitration is the initial conditions of modeling post-award judicial review systems. Building up theories for the national or uniform legislative modeling depends on how the judicial behaviors evolve in post-award review systems. Hence, apart from typical scenarios of legal studies, this thesis applied the legislative modeling as the approach to study the stability of international post-award review systems. The purpose of this thesis is to study the theories-building basis of constructing international enforceable awards. Three research approaches include comparative legal studies, evolutionary dynamics, mathematical modeling. Legislative modeling is based on these approaches for controlling the post-award procedural dynamics, predicting the sustainability of national arbitration laws, analyzing the grounds for international post-award review systems. Firstly, this thesis studied the strategic behaviors in dispute resolution bargaining processes and analyzed the distribution of power in multilateral dispute resolution procedures. Secondly, this thesis modelled the judicial behaviors in evolutionary multilevel hierarchy of orders based on the heuristics decision-makings with the preferences of social agents. Thirdly, this thesis schemed procedural delocalized arbitrations for the national legislative management of arbitration laws. Finally, this thesis explored the theoretical grounds for constructing the international legislative control of post-award review systems. The contributions of this thesis include filling the gaps of traditional research methodologies and interdisciplinary legislative modeling and building three models for finding the equilibria of interests in post-award bargaining processes, showing that the intensity of the vacatur grounds for foreign arbitral awards made great impacts on post-award procedural dynamics, studying the influence of the political control in international post-award review systems. This thesis concluded that finding the preferences of contracts and the strategic equilibria of the parties improved the efficacy of settlement bargaining; for studying the sustainability of national arbitration laws, analyzing the long-term behaviors of post-award review systems was helpful; constructing the international legislative control of post-award review systems was based on the functions of the transnational political agents and the non-state actors. This thesis suggested to ratify the New York Convention and to add the grounds for modifications or corrections on the evident material miscalculation or mistakes and reinterpretations of arbitral awards in Taiwan Arbitration Law.
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JUAN, SHAO-HSIEN, and 阮劭賢. "Application of Motion Elements in Webpage Design – PROFESSOR ASAKURA NAOMI MEMORIAL DESIGN AWARD Review website." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sq65pk.
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碩士崑山科技大學
視覺傳達設計研究所
107
The market of webpage design has become mature after twenty years of development, but there are still many websites that are unfriendly to the users. Some have beautiful visual design but come with bad usability, some have poor user experiences on mobile devices, some are lack of proper arrangement causing users to go astray. Unlike other forms of art, a good design should not only be visually and emotionally attracting, but also need to be suitable for use. Without a good user experience, any design will fail to meet its purpose to deliver messages from the designer, no matter how good the visual effect is. This study of creation first analyzed the pattern of how user read a webpage, induced a principle of designing and an indicator of usability that is fit with the habit of users, to create the baseline for design which is user-oriented: Can we solve people's problem via defining question and crack them up with best solutions. The study also analyzed how dynamic visual elements help users in visual communications, link them with the webpage design, let the users participate in the webpage. The author used the result of this study as the core of designing, hope to find the balance between visual and user experience, trying to make a difference while many webpages are using the same way of designing.
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Bezuidenhout, Susan Antoinette. "The powers of the Labour Court to review arbitration awards of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration : a comparative study." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2001.
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A critical and in-depth discussion of the powers of the labour court to review arbitration awards of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration, the application of the author's findings relating to common-law, legislation and case law and a critical analysis thereof. Special reference is made to the provisions of sections 145 and 158(1)(g) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 including, in particular, the alternative application thereof in practice and scope for improvement in order to address potential prejudice to parties occasioned by the compulsory nature of (certain) dispute resolutions. This thesis incorporates a comparative study of the British and German labour law systems with reference to the relevant appeal and/or review procedures (as applied in their tribunals/courts), together with a discussion and application of certain other provisions relevant to South Africa labour law.Jurisprudence
LL.M