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1
Oertlé, Emmanuel, Duc Toan Vu, Dinh Chuc Nguyen, Laurin Näf, and Sandra Regina Müller. "Potential for water reuse in Vietnam." Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70827.
Abstract:
Southeast Asian countries and Vietnam in particular are facing water security challenges; water reclamation is increasingly being considered as a favorable solution. Despite the availability of suitable technologies, several constraints often prevent stakeholders and especially decision makers exploiting their potential. In this paper we present the results of applying a decision support tool (DST) to evaluate water reclamation, support pre-feasibility studies and build capacity for water reclamation in Vietnam. The DST and its data are open access, providing information related to local and international water and wastewater quality standards. In this research we identified high potential Vietnamese case studies and conducted a systematic PISTLE analysis considering six dimensions (Political, Institutional, Social, Technical, Legal and Economic) at a multiple local stakeholder workshop. Key barriers and drivers for water reclamation implementation were identified. Measures proposed during the workshop could serve as a starting point for the development of water reclamation projects in Vietnam.Các nước Đông Nam Á và đặc biệt là Việt Nam nói riêng hiện đang phải đối mặt với những thách thức về đảm bảo an ninh nguồn nước; cải tạo nguồn nước hiện đang được xem là một giải pháp thuận lợi. Mặc dù các công nghệ phù hợp đã có sẵn, nhưng một số hạn chế đã ngăn cản các bên liên quan và đặc biệt là những nhà làm chính sách có thể khai thác các tiềm năng của những công nghệ này. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi trình bày các kết quả của việc áp dụng một công cụ hỗ trợ quyết định (DST) để đánh giá việc cải tạo nguồn nước, hỗ trợ các nghiên cứu tiền khả thi và xây dựng các khả năng cải tạo nguồn nước ở Việt Nam. DST và dữ liệu của nó là nguồn truy cập mở, cung cấp thông tin liên quan đến những tiêu chuẩn về chất lượng nước và nước thải của địa phương và quốc tế. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã xác định các tình huống điển hình có tiềm năng cao của Việt Nam và tiến hành phân tích PISTLE có hệ thống xem xét sáu khía cạnh (Chính trị, Thể chế, Xã hội, Kỹ thuật, Pháp lý và Kinh tế) tại một hội thảo của các bên liên quan tại địa phương. Những rào cản chính và yếu tố vận hành của việc thực hiện cải tạo nguồn nước cũng đã được xác định. Các giải pháp được đề xuất trong hội thảo này có thể đóng vai trò là điểm khởi đầu để phát triển các dự án cải tạo nguồn nước ở Việt Nam.
2
Chan, Kwok Ho. "Potential Reuse of wastewater effluent in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944060.
3
Zushi, Keiichiro. "Potential residential buildings for adaptive reuse Cincinnati's CBD /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1116013015.
4
Zushi, Keiichiro. "Potential Residential Buildings for Adaptive Reuse – Cincinnati’s CBD." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116013015.
5
Eriksson, Eva Helena. "Potential and problems related to reuse of water in households /." Lyngby : Environment & Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, 2002. http://www2.er.dtu.dk/publications/fulltext/2002/MR2002-142.pdf.
6
Samsonow, Emily L. "Material Celebration: Exploring the Architectural Potential of Waste Materials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306501078.
7
Antonini, Samantha [Verfasser]. "Nutrient recovery from human urine : Treatment options and reuse potential / Samantha Antonini." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043057056/34.
8
Park, Eunyoung. "Wastewater Reuse: Comprehensive Study about Treatment System Efficiency and Potential Public Health Concerns." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440451065.
9
Bosworth, Frank Malin. "An architecture of authority: the jail/sheriff's residences of northwest Ohio, 1867-1902." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39505.
Abstract:
This study investigates the historic development, classification, and reuse
potential of the jail/ sheriff's residence building-type. Using collected data, the
study examines fifteen buildings in northwest Ohio and develops a
classification system for the building type. The historic precedents for the
building type were investigated and traced to their English roots, namely I the
county gaol that emerged from the Bridewell in the eighteenth century.
The Jail/Sheriff's Residence is a heretofore unclassified building-type
consisting of two primary parts, a residence for the County Sheriff and the
county jail. The buildings are primarily located in Ohio and nearby States.Ph. D.
10
GUIDETTI, ELENA. "The Potential of Form. Assessing the transformative potential of existing buildings in post-functional Europe." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2966349.
11
Chen, Alice S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Adaptive reuse of historic buildings and the potential of experiential retail : case studies and development ideas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117448.
Abstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-74).
This thesis explores relationships between experiential retail and historic adaptive reuse, and develops an understanding of their mutual potentials. The emergence of e-commerce is pressuring traditional brick-and- mortar retail to focus on enhancing experiences irreplaceable by online shopping. Meanwhile, an adaptive reuse approach on historic structures carries forward the city's legend via story-telling. A space and a story make a place, with uniqueness, character, innovation, and sustainability. Between online and offline retail, physical space is the differentiator that activities take place and emotions are felt in person. I look beyond the boundary of asset types to study an experiential trend shared by hospitality, residence, office, and retail. The main difference between experiential and traditional retail is understanding customers' social needs as part of the experience. The socializing effects are partially reflected by social media posts, sharing about unique products, digitalized service, various activities beyond merely shopping, and special space. Historic redevelopment is centered around continuing the heritage and creating synergy. Adaptive reuse is a resourceful alternative to save historic buildings from demolition, but not to be confused with historic preservation. The success of adaptive reuse depends on the right creation of program, one that matches the history and activates the place by engaging users. Historic redevelopment conveys meanings and references to the past that enhance the experience of users. This synergy can be a powerful mechanism to create value in real estate. After examining 10 cases involving experiential retail and adaptive reuse, I see unique opportunities that match the space characteristics in experiential retail and historic buildings, especially in a mixed asset type. Experience is intensified by the collaboration of multiple programs, and strengthened by interacting with a unique historic story. With a theoretical framework summarized from case studies, I compose a practical "menu" of space revamps and program creations for developers to "order from". Based on a sample of approximately 2500 social media hashtags, I characterize unique retail experiences. Applying the menu, I make recommendations to redevelop LA's Bradbury Building, one of the oldest commercial landmarks in Downtown LA, to be a mixed-program experiential center.
by Alice Chen.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
12
Dodson, Susan Boyd. "Eutrophication Potential of Reclaimed Wastewater: An Ecological Study of Water Reuse in an Urban Texas Reservoir." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935568/.
Abstract:
This study determined effects of addition of secondarily treated municipal wastewater effluent on an urban reservoir receiving system. Monthly water quality monitoring of the receiving reservoir and the wastewater, chemical analysis, and monthly laboratory algal assays, were conducted from September 1984 to September 1985. The nutrient status and algal growth potential of the receiving water and the wastewater confirmed the biostimulatory properties of the wastewater. Field validation studies were conducted using limnocorrals. Tertiary treatment of the wastewater using chemical coagulation precipitation with alum and ferric chloride reduced phosphorus concentrations in the wastewater to levels which supported significantly less algal biomass than untreated wastewater. These studies indicate ferric chloride to be a more effective coagulant for phosphorous removal alum.
13
Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya. "Estimating the potential for resource recovery from productive sanitation in urban areas." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190740.
Abstract:
To-date, sanitation has mainly been approached from a public and environmental health perspective and this implies that excreta and other organic waste streams are seen not only as a hazard to quickly get rid of but also as a very costly menace to manage. However, looking at sanitation management from a resource recovery perspective provides an avenue for solutions with multiple co-benefits. Revenues from sanitation end-use products can act as an incentive for improving sanitation infrastructure while also covering part or all of the investment and operation costs for the same. Until now, estimating the potential for resource recovery from sanitation systems and technologies has largely been done on a case by case basis according to project or geography with no standardized universal tools or methodologies being used across the world. This study is aimed at developing a generic model for the rapid estimation of the quantities of various resources that can be recovered from sanitary waste streams in urban areas. Key waste streams from sanitation systems in low and middle income countries were identified and their major characterization parameters identified. The mathematical relationships between key waste stream characterization parameters and the potential amounts of resource products derived from treatment were determined and then used to develop the model in MS Excel. The model was then tested with waste stream flow rates and characterization data (for faecal sludge, sewage sludge and organic municipal solid waste) from the city of Kampala with two scenarios; the current collection amounts (390 m3 of faecal sludge, 66 tonnes of sewage sludge and 700 tonnes of organic solid waste) and the potential amounts with increased collection efficiency and coverage (900 m3 of faecal sludge, 282 tonnes of sewage sludge and 2199 tonnes of organic solid waste). The results were shared with Kampala city authorities to obtain feedback. The results showed that there is significant potential in utilizing the daily amounts of the three waste streams collected in Kampala. With increased collection coverage and efficiency, they could altogether yield; up to 361,200 Nm3 of biogas per day which could meet the daily energy needs of 824,000 people that are currently met by firewood. Alternatively, the three sources could produce, 752 tonnes of solid combustion fuel per day which could meet the daily energy needs of 1,108,700 people that are currently met by firewood. As a third alternative, the three sources could produce 198 tonnes of Black Soldier Fly prepupae per day which could substitute for 134 tonnes of dry fish per day currently used as animal feed ingredient and up to 909 tonnes of compost fertilizer per day which is enough to substitute two tonnes of urea that is currently used by farmers. The model thus proved to be a simple way to provide decision support by making rapid estimations of the potential for resource recovery in urban areas, without the burden of having to do full scale feasibility studies. It is expected that this model could be a useful complement to the excreta flow diagrams (SFDs) developed within the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) and hence give a holistic picture of the potential of a closed loop approach to excreta and waste management in cities.
14
Legeland, Leon, and Veronika Hoffmann. "Parking Garages as Spaces of Opportunity - An Analysis of Overlooked Nodes as Potential Spaces for Adaptive Reuse." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21508.
Abstract:
Parking garages belong to the basic inventory of today’s cities, however their existence and contribution to the urban fabric is marginally discussed under the urban themes of structural transformation, environmental underperformance and socio-cultural fragmentation. This thesis is a study of parking infrastructure in the inner-city of Malmö with a particular focus on rooftops as spaces of opportunities for a sustainable urban development.The thesis aims to investigate whether an integration of parking garages into the urban fabric of their local environment can contribute to a more equal, mixed-use city development through adaptive reuse of the rooftops as public green spaces.Based on a literature review on public space transformation, urban green spaces, its threats and services and an investigation of a specific case study, this thesis identifies parking garages as potential spaces to compensate a lack of urban green and public environment. The study of possible integration of public and green services into the existing structures of parking garages is performed on the level of a city wide analysis, as well as in a particular context of a central district in Malmö. The study shows that the location of parking garages within network nodes of an increasingly mobile society and fragmented city structure could be strategic locations for additional uses. Furthermore an evaluation of parking garage usage has confirmed, that stand-alone, open-roof structures have been affected by vacancy, specifically in the upper floors due to decrease of demand for car parking in the central parts of Malmö. Finally this study concludes that parking garages are overlooked nodes with further potentials for adaptive reuse.
15
Ayres, Rachel M. "On the removal of nematode eggs in waste stabilisation ponds and consequent potential health risks from effluent reuse." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305847.
16
Bradley, Wesley A. "The Sleeping Giant: Revealing the Potential Energy of Abandoned Industry Through Adaptive Transformation." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003157.
17
Liu, Robert Chi Yung. "Hydrometallurgically generated nanostructured lead (II) oxide from depleted lead-acid batteries for potential reuse in next generation electrochemical systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267812.
Abstract:
The recycling of lead-acid batteries (LABs) is currently an energy intensive, inefficient and polluting procedure. An alternative hydrometallurgical recycling process is investigated in this study. PbO, PbO2, and PbSO4 were individually reacted with a mixture of aqueous citric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, with hydrogen peroxide being used as a reducing agent for PbO2. Pure lead citrate of either Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O or Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O was the product crystallized in each leaching experiment depending on the initial conditions. Combined spent electroactive paste materials from industry were leached and processed. 2.5 M H2O2, 3.2 M C6H8O7·H2O and 3.5 M NaOH were used for optimal leaching and were successful in synthesising Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O after less than one hour. These amounts could be reduced by individual leaching of plate materials. The combustion-calcination of Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O was successful in generating PbO containing both forms of the polymorph α and β crystal phases together with metallic Pb. A novel method to generate PbO from lead citrate was found through a self-sustaining combustion route where leached waste materials were preheated to 270 °C for ~15 minutes and were found to self-sustain a smouldering reaction to produce PbO with a predominately β phase containing metallic Pb. Electrochemical analysis of PbO from Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O demonstrated the viability in the by-product to be used in an electroactive paste and therefore reused in new LABs. Pure α-PbO was generated from both forms of lead citrate, Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O and Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O using NaOH. Pure β-PbO was also generated from Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O and Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O using NaOH through dissolution/re-precipitation reactions. PbCO3 was successfully generated from Pb(C6H6O7)·H2O and Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O using NaOH, NaHCO3 and an acid in a series of disassociation and re-precipitation reactions. PbCO3 could be used to thermally generate α and β-PbO as well as Pb3O4 by calcination at 350, 600 and 450 °C respectively. Glycerol was entrained in both PbCO3 and α-PbO as an in-situ reducing agent to generate PbO containing metallic Pb. Acid reactivity and absorption characteristics of PbO derived from Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O heated in CO2 were equal to and greater than those used in industry for both automotive and industrial batteries.
18
Deeg, Lohren R. "Prepare the winding path : examining the reuse potential of abandoned industrial infrastructure in community health, housing, transportation, recreation, and tourism." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292546.
Abstract:
This study examines the reuse potential of industrial land and infrastructure left abandoned or otherwise underutilized. The goal of this study is to open discussion and dialogue into such cases in North American cities that currently are liabilities and offer guidelines and methods for approaching preservation and reuse of such properties in a manner that contributes to community health, safety and welfare while maintaining historical character and significance.Abandoned or underutilized industrial land and infrastructure often pose significant environmental, safety, and land-use liability issues for municipalities. The application of creative reuse ideas centered on the notion of preserving industrial character, while creating new housing and recreation options for citizens is a major opportunity for communities struggling to cope with the negative aspects of these properties.The design project portion of this study was performed as part of an `ideas competition' conducted in 2003 by the `Friends of The High Line,' a not-for-profit organization dedicated to preserving a 1.5 mile stretch of abandoned, elevated rail bed in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan Borough, New York City.Department of Architecture
19
Verbyla, Matthew Eric. "Assessing the Reuse Potential of Wastewater for Irrigation: The Removal of Helminth Eggs from a UASB Reactor and Stabilization Ponds in Bolivia." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4414.
Abstract:
Extreme hunger, malnutrition, and the lack of access to sanitation are among the most pressing development challenges, but the world is not on track to meet the targets that have been established by the Millennium Development Goals. The integration of wastewater treatment and food production systems allows for the recovery of resources from wastewater, and can provide an important solution to meet the sanitation needs of growing urban populations and provide periurban farmers with a consistent supply of water and nutrients. Stabilization ponds have been long considered to be an appropriate technology for wastewater reuse systems in developing countries, but advanced anaerobic treatment technologies, such as upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, are also becoming common. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reuse potential of wastewater for irrigation from two community-managed treatment systems in Bolivia: one consisting of three stabilization ponds in series (three-pond system) and the other consisting of a UASB reactor and two stabilization ponds in series (UASB-pond system).
Specifically, the removal of helminth eggs and thermotolerant coliform bacteria is measured in both systems and evaluated with respect to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture, which are based on health targets. Results indicate that both systems provide good removal of conventional water quality parameters but poor removal of nutrients, discharging effluents with 37 to 54 mg/L of total nitrogen and 5.7 to 9.4 mg/L of total phosphorus. The three-pond system provided >92% removal of helminth eggs and 3.4-log removal of thermotolerant coliforms, and no geohelminth eggs were detected in the system effluents. However, Ascaris eggs were detected in the effluents of the UASB-pond system and the overall removal of thermotolerant coliforms was only 2.3 log units. Viability estimates based on the use of a vital stain indicate that eggs detected in pond effluents are less likely to be viable than eggs detected in the raw wastewater, in the sludge, or in the effluent of the UASB reactor. Sludge samples from the facultative pond in the three-pond system had higher concentrations of helminth eggs than sludge samples from the UASB reactor.
Based on these results, the effluents from the three-pond system can be reused for irrigating any crop with the exception of root crops and low-growing crops that can be consumed raw (i.e. onions and strawberries). Effluents from the three-pond system may be used to irrigate salad crops or high-growing crops that are consumed raw, but additional public health interventions must be implemented throughout the food production process to meet WHO recommendations for protecting the health of farmers and consumers. The effluents from the UASB-pond system should not be reused unless improvements to the system increase its pathogen removal efficiency. The results from this study indicate that a system consisting of stabilization ponds in series may produce a higher quality effluent that is more suitable for wastewater irrigation than a system with a UASB reactor.
20
Hadley, Sakira N. "Assessment of a Modified Double Agar Layer Method to Detect Bacteriophage for Assessing the Potential of Wastewater Reuse in Rural Bolivia." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4500.
Abstract:
Water scarcity is a global concern that impacts many developing countries, forcing people to depend on unclean water sources for domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. Wastewater is an alternative water source that contains nutrients needed for crop growth. Wastewater reuse for agriculture can cause public health problems because of human exposure to pathogens. Pathogen monitoring is essential to evaluate the compliance of wastewater with established World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) wastewater reuse guidelines. Indicator organisms are commonly used to detect pathogens in water and wastewater because they are quick and easy to measure, non-pathogenic, and have simple and inexpensive methods of detection.
The objective of this research was to develop a modified double agar layer assay method that can be conducted in the field to quantify bacteriophage to assess the quality of wastewater for agricultural reuse. Results from the modified double agar layer assay were used to investigate the potential of somatic coliphage as an indicator organism for assessing the potential presence of enteric viruses in developing world treated wastewater, and to use the criteria of a good indicator organism to compare the potential of two commonly used indicator organisms, somatic coliphage and fecal coliforms, as an indicator of enteric viruses in wastewater.
A modified EPA double agar layer method was developed and deployed in a developing world rural community to effectively quantify the concentration of somatic coliphage in a community managed wastewater treatment system composed of a Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor followed by two maturation lagoons. The modified method served as a good indicator of enteric viruses in the water. Somatic coliphages were easily detected and quantified in the field setting using a modified double agar layer method. Somatic coliphage was found to be a potential indicator for enteric viruses rather than fecal coliforms because of their similarity in characteristics and resistances to wastewater treatment. The concentration of somatic coliphage was only reduced by 1.05 log units across the two series maturation lagoon system. Previous literature suggested removal would range from 2.1 to 4.6 log units. Influent wastewater (previously treated by an UASB reactor) had a concentration of 4.38 E+06 PFU/ 100 mL (standard deviation = ±3.7E+06, n = 9) and the treated effluent contained 3.90 E+05 PFU/100 mL (standard deviation = ± 4.5E+05, n = 8) of somatic coliphages. Results suggest that somatic coliphage is a good potential indicator for enteric viruses in wastewater but further research needs to be done.
21
Rui, Li. "The use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in the Bottelary River area: Effluent quality, farmers perception and potential extent." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_1918_1177917293.
Abstract:
The Bottelary River area is located in a Mediterranean climate region, where the agricultural sector plays an important role. During the dry summer season, there is not enough precipitation to meet the agricultural irrigation requirements. Some farmers extract river water which is practically the final treated effluent from the Scottsdene Wastewater Treatment Works to irrigate crops. This research investigated the use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in this area, particularly focused on the effluent quality, farmers perception, and the potential extent.
22
Vall, Jon. "Finns det potential att införa en massdatabas för handel och utbyte av överskottsmassor i Eskilstuna?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-5598.
Abstract:
In Eskilstuna and Sweden in general the level of reuse of surplus material containing soils and rocks from excavation is low. In this report the potential for increasing the reuse of excavated material in Eskilstuna by using a web-based earth information database has been examined. The purpose of a web-based earth information database is to connect those who have surplus material with those who need material for a fast and simple transaction. The intention is to give Eskilstuna a more environmentally and economically efficient handling of surplus material by increasing the level of reuse and thereby reducing the amount of surplus material that is wasted and emissions given off to the atmosphere during transportation. The potential has been examined in two different ways, by tracing information about a number of projects to see if excavated material driven to the dump could have been used in another project and by interviewing eight of the work leaders active in Eskilstuna. The potential has been determined to be low based mostly on the interviews and on the current legislation. Although many of the work leaders were positive to use an earth information database there is too much speaking against it. For example the contractor who wants to use another contractor’s surplus material has to apply to the local authority six weeks ahead. In the work place the limited time and space, which are the two most important factors for being able to reuse material on site, doesn’t allow the paperwork to take so long time. But it’s not impossible to launch a web-based earth information database in Eskilstuna and recommendations has been given for important considerations if one is to be initiated.
23
Haule, Liberato. "Investigation into the potential re-use of waste cotton textile garments through Lyocell processing technology (ReCell)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-into-the-potential-reuse-of-waste-cotton-textile-garments-through-lyocell-processing-technology-recell(1fbdce5d-ce61-4847-89b4-15ba2a2a3b72).html.
Abstract:
This project investigated the potential for the regeneration of fibres from cotton-based waste garments. The project focused on the preparation of the cotton waste pulps and assessed the suitability of the prepared material for regeneration of ReCell fibres. Mechanical processes have been developed to degrade the fabrics into a fibrous pulp potentially allowing easier fibre dissolution and purification in the fibre regeneration processes. Wet degradation and dry degradation methods were evaluated and the optimal method identified. It was established that the wet deconstruction method could produce fibres with longer length and lesser degradation of the cellulose than the dry deconstruction method. The pulp produced by wet deconstruction methods could be formed into sheets which were stronger than the pulp produced by the dry deconstruction methods. Although the cotton pulp reclaimed by the wet deconstruction methods requires extra energy to dry, it is still the most attractive processing route since the pulp will be transported to the fibre spinning plant in the form of dry cellulosic sheets. Methods for stripping off the easy care finishes in order to increase dissolution of the cellulosic garments were optimised. The stripping performance was assessed by fibre degradation, contents of the easy care finishes, and solubility of the stripped fibres in selected solvents. It was established that a combination of acidic and alkaline treatment can effect the removal of all easy care finishes and enable efficient dissolution of the pulps for fibre making. ReCell fibres were produced from 100% reclaimed material and a blend of reclaimed cotton pulp and wood pulp and structural and mechanical properties were characterised and compared to the existing Lyocell fibres. It was established that for easy separation of non-cellulosic material from the cellulose-based waste garment pulp the fibres must be modified to avoid formation of tufts. Fibre enrichment by gravity separation was recommended as a pre-requisite process prior to wet cyclone separation and the optimisation of the process was recommended for future work. ReCell processing of dyed waste garments, fibre spinning, fabric construction and wet processing of ReCell fibres have been recommended for future work. The results from this project will be used for pilot tests and later commercial production of ReCell fibres by Lenzing Company. Commercial production of ReCell fibres will contribute to the reduction of economic and environmental challenges caused by textile wastes. Moreover, the findings have identified a potential reduction of pressure on raw material for fibre production by providing an alternative source of material for regeneration of cellulosic fibres.
24
Lundström, Lisa. "Promoting a sharing economy in a small town : An empirical study assessing future potential and challenges in the town of Norrtälje." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278554.
Abstract:
The concept sharing economy (collaborative economy or collaborative consumption) has recently gained attention in several cities over the world, with its promotion offering a prospective new path to sustainable development. In current research, most scholars cover global initiatives or initiatives in larger cities, but very few to none of them seem to have investigated the situation and potential in smaller cities. This empirical study therefore investigates both existing initiatives and work with collaborative consumption as well as the future potential and possible challenges for further promotion in a small town context, using Norrtälje town in Sweden as a case study for exploring the topic. In this study, a sharing economy is defined as a socio-economic system enabling consumers to gain access to commonly under-utilized physical assets in collaborative practices of sharing, borrowing, bartering, swapping, renting, redistributing, buying second-hand, repairing and rebuilding goods, instead of consuming new goods and/or owning privately, taking place either via online platforms or through physical infrastructure, possibly in exchange for financial compensation. A mixed method approach, including both qualitative and quantitative methods, was used in this study. The data collection included semi-structured interviews with both sharing economy initiators and the Norrtälje municipality Sustainability strategist, an online survey shared with residents in Norrtälje, as well a qualitative desk-based study. The collected results were then analysed though the lens of a formed theoretical framework, covering the themes of conditions for success and important stakeholders in a sharing economy context, as well as drivers for starting or using these initiatives and possible environmental, social and economic benefits of implementing a sharing economy. The findings showed that 11 initiatives currently exist in Norrtälje, and that the Norrtälje residents generally are very positive towards using sharing economy services. Further, it was found that the municipality is not actively working with collaborative consumption, but has been, and still is, involved in a few sharing economy activities. The findings of this study contribute to discussions on the actual role of the municipality in a sharing economy context, suggesting that the involvement of the municipality indeed is very important in regards to sharing economy initiatives, but that it is unclear from a municipal perspective whether it is actually included in the role of the municipality to promote and work with sharing economy initiatives. The results from this study suggests that the future for sharing economy initiatives in Norrtälje town looks bright. However, some challenges were found in relation to the promotion of a sharing economy in a small town context, including the current political situation not prioritising municipal involvement, the economic situation of the municipality not being able to prioritise municipal involvement, difficulties in understanding the concept among those who work for the municipality, negative mindsets among municipal workers, and lack of funding to existing and possible future initiatives. These challenges might have to be overcome in order for sharing economy initiatives to be able to grow and thrive. Further, this study found that it is believed from a small town municipal perspective it most likely is easier for a larger city to work with sharing economy initiatives, while on the contrary existing scholars suggest that the small town context might indeed be more beneficial for these types of initiatives.
25
Маценко, Олександр Михайлович, Александр Михайлович Маценко, Oleksandr Mykhailovych Matsenko, Іван Валерійович Торба, Иван Валерьевич Торба, Ivan Valeriiovych Torba, Віталій Михайлович Ігнатченко, Виталий Михайлович Игнатченко, and Vitalii Mykhailovych Ihnatchenko. "Підвищення економічного потенціалу реклеймінгу стічних вод." Thesis, Полтава: ФОП Пусан А.Ф, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80380.
26
Tsang, Ka-man. "Composting : review of current activities and its potential role in future waste management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25436041.
27
Darmiati, Tience. "Maximising the potential for community-based solid waste management in Indonesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18392.pdf.
28
Androšević, Renata. "Vers les systèmes constructifs à faible production de déchets : l'enveloppe des bâtiments résidentiels du XXIème siècle en Bosnie-Herzégovine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC1005.
Abstract:
Cette recherche est inspirée par des projets visionnaires visant à trouver une manière de créer un environnement construit qui aura un petit impact sur la nature et tous les êtres humains. Cela aidera tous les participants, lors du processus de la prise de décision, à prendre la meilleure option en choisissant le matériel/matériau, la technologie de construction et le système constructif, qui auront le moindre impact négatif sur l'environnement, en tenant compte de toutes les données nécessaires.En analysant les méthodes et les outils existants avec leurs avantages et leurs défauts, les recherches essaient de trouver une manière pour surmonter les obstacles identifiés.Les méthodologies existantes montrent l'importance de la prévision de l'impact sur l'environnement et peuvent montrer les différences entre les systèmes comparés, mais il leur manque la quantification des données.Approche proposée sa base sur une symbiose des méthodologies et des outils existants.La nouvelle méthode inclut l'évaluation du système de construction (y compris la comparaison et la classification) et la quantification de l'impact sur l'environnement. Cela fournit une image claire de l'impact du système choisi et facilite la prise de décision.A la fin du processus, l'on voit clair ce que l'on pourrait et devrait changer et améliorer pour aboutir à un meilleur résultat.Cette nouvelle méthode fourni la comparaison, l'évaluation et la quantification de la production des déchets de construction et contribue à la diminution de l'impact négatif sur l'environnementThis research is inspired by the visionary projects which are trying to find the way to create built environment with low impact on the nature and all living creatures, especially human beings. It will help decision making process for all stakeholders to choose the best option when considering the materials, building technologies and building systems, which will have the lowest negative environmental impact, providing all necessary data.Analysing the existing methods and tools with their barriers and opportunities, the research attempts to find the way to overcome observed obstacles.Existing methodologies point out the importance of environmental impact predictions and they can show the differences between compared systems. Existing tools give precise numerical data of environmental impact.The approach proposed here shows that symbiosis of methodologies and tools can give the result that reaches the goal - to achieve low or no waste building construction.The new method includes building system evaluation (with comparison and ranking) and quantification of environmental impact. This provides a picture of the chosen system's impact and facilitates decision making. At the end of the process, it is evidently clear what could and should be changed and upgraded in order to have better performance and lower impact.This new method provides comparison, evaluation and quantification in terms of generation of the construction waste and contributes in lowering negative environmental impact
29
Wang, Chen. "Hazardous air pollutants from the waste incineration industry : formation mechanisms, distribution characteristics, and potential environmental risks." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/807.
Abstract:
In this study, the formation mechanisms, distribution characteristics, and potential environmental risks of hazardous air pollutants from industrial-scale waste incineration processes were investigated. First, to clarify the dominant formation mechanism of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in a hazardous waste (HW) incinerator, three tests were designed by adding different precursors in phenol-containing raw materials. With the addition of p-dichlorobenzene, PCDD/F levels at the quenching tower outlet were ten times higher than levels observed at the inlet. This indicates that the quenching tower failed to suppress the formation of PCDD/Fs and surface-mediated precursor reaction is the dominant formation mechanism in low-temperature stages. Besides, adsoprtive memory effect in air pollution control devices (APCDs) also led to high PCDD/F emissions. These findings suggest that to control PCDD/F emissions, strict regulation of chlorine contents in feed materials and frequent cleaning of APCDs are necessary. Meanwhile, single particles and solid residues were collected from the same HW incinerator. Morphologies and elemental compositions of particles in flue gas and indoor air were characterized by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (TEM-EDS). Eight types of single particles were classified, as organic, soot, K-rich, S-rich, Na-rich, Fe-rich, mineral and fly ash particles. The heavy metal partitioning behavior study suggested that Hg, Cd and Pb were mainly enriched in fly ash through evaporation, condensation, and adsorption; while Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni were mostly remained in the bottom ash due to their low volatilities. In addition, the study also investigated environmental behaviors of certain characteristic pollutants. Thrity-two soil samples surrounding a cement plant co- processing HW were collected and analyzed for the presence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 heavy metals. Ten samples were selected for PCDD/Fs analysis. The highest concentration of PCDD/Fs occurred 1200 meters downwind from the cement plant. Levels of ∑16 PAHs ranged from 130.6 to 1134.3 μg/kg in soil. Source identification analysis suggested that the cement plant was the most likely source of PAH contamination. The concentrations of Cd and Hg were on average two times and six times higher than background values, respectively. Both incremental lifetime cancer risk model (ILCR) for PAHs and potential ecological risk index (RI) for heavy metals indicate potential risks to the population and the environment surrounding the cement plant. Last, to identify whether waste incineration is a major source for airborne environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), tree leaf samples were collected from 120 sites surrounding four waste incinerators and one urban area. EPFR concentrations on leaves ranged from 7.5 × 10 16 to 4.5 × 10 19 spins/g. For the 10 N.D. samples, they were all collected from areas inaccessible by vehicles. Although previous work has linked atmospheric EPFRs to waste incineration, the evidence in this study suggests that vehicle emissions, especially from heavy-duty vehicles, are the main sources. According to our estimation, over 90% of the EPFRs deposited on tree leaves might be attributed to automotive exhaust emissions, as a synergistic effect of primary exhausts and degradation of aromatic compounds in road dust
30
曾嘉雯 and Ka-man Tsang. "Composting: review of current activities and its potential role in future waste management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255346.
31
Sinclair, Kevin J. "The co-disposal of sewage sludge with domestic refuse and potential importance of landfill nitrogen transformations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339020.
32
Njenga, Beatrice Khamati. "Urban waste management : the potential of household refuse for use in food and fuel production in Nairobi." Thesis, University of Salford, 1998. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26837/.
Abstract:
Urban waste management poses problems in all cities of the world, but it also provides opportunities for innovative resource use. The Thesis begins by defining the waste management problem of Nairobi in context and then analytically reviews the international status of waste management, contrasting the circumstances in developed economies with those in Tropical Africa. An investigation of household refuse in Nairobi, exploring its embodied energy and its value for composting follows as the focus of the Thesis. Typical households were surveyed in relation to their waste management behaviour and agricultural activities. An attempt was made to analyse the physical and chemical composition of household refuse as well as its energy value. In addition to household surveys, a senior local government official and waste disposal crews were interviewed in order to ascertain current policies and management practices in the handling of waste. Particular attention was paid to the Eastlands area of the City. Ways in which refuse is incorporated into the food and energy cycles were identified. Among the important factors discerned are the role of family structure and the economic position of households. The validity of the research is discussed and recommendations are made for the future of waste management in relation to energy and food production in Nairobi. The findings of the research should have wide application in other African countries.
33
Serutla, Bokhabane Tlotliso Violet. "Potential for energy recovery and its economic evaluation from a municipal solid wastes landfill in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2463.
Abstract:
Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Landfill gases, principally methane, CH4 are produced from the decomposition of the municipal solid wastes deposited on landfill sites. These gases can be captured and converted into usable energy or electricity which will assist in addressing energy needs of South Africa. Its capture also reduces the problems associated with greenhouse gases. The aim of this study is to estimate gases that can be produced from the Bellville landfill site in Cape Town. The landfill gas capacity was estimated using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model. The IPCC model showed that 48 447m3/year of landfill gas capacity was determined only in 2013. The LFGTE process plant is designed in a manner of purifying landfill gas, which at the end methane gets up being the only gas combusted. As a matter of fact 14 544kg/year of gases which consists mainly methane gets combusted. The average energy that can be produced based on the generated landfill gas capacity (methane gas) is 1,004MWh/year. This translates to R1. 05million per year at Eskom’s current tariff of R2.86 /kWh) including sales from CO2 which is a by-product from the designed process plant. A LFGTE process plant has been developed from the gathered information on landfill gas capacity and the amount of energy that can be generated from the gas. In order, to start-up this project the total fixed capital costs of this project required amounted up to R2.5 million. On the other hand, the project made a profit amounted to R3.9million, the Net profit summed up to R1. 3million and the payback time of Landfill Gas ToEnergy (LFGTE) project is 4years.The break-even of the project is on second year of the plant’s operation. The maximum profit that this project can generate is around R1. 1million. The life span of the plant is nine years. Aspen plus indicated that about 87% of pure methane was separated from CO2 and H2S for combustion at theabsorption gas outletstream. I would suggest this project to be done because it is profitable when by-products such as CO2 sales add to the project’s revenues.
34
Costa, Indira Fallarero. "Metodology for the identification of potentatial functions in the reuse of vacant industrial heritage buildings. Case study: the industries along the Almendares River, Havana." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21120.
Abstract:
The problematic of the reuse of vacant industrial building is a topic relevant for the current
society. It lays its regard over the vacant industrial heritage building looking for a possibility
of recuperation or repurpose of their spaces. Though the number of examples overtakes the
capacity of the decision markers. This together with a lack of tools for the definition of new
function leave the spaces to interventions that no always correspond with the context and the
object. Nevertheless, there is a large path already done in term of reuse of vacant industrial
buildings. Some authors characterize this as a culture of the exploitation. This scenario is also
present in Havana, Cuba. There is a vast representation of vacant industrial heritage buildings
not correct exploited according their capacities. In this frame, the thesis is supported on the
determination of a methodology for the identification of potential uses for the vacant industrial
heritage building, taking as a relevant resource, the experience gained in the world in term of
reuse that could be applied to the case of the industrial building along the Almendares River.
The research is divided in three chapters, the first concerning to the identification of the
variables that model the problematic, the second focus in the learning by the experience and
the design of the methodology and the third in the application of this methodology to the study
case of the vacant industrial heritage buildings along the Almendares River of Havana. The
application to the study case serves from the test of pertinence of the methodology. The thesis
has as result the Methodology for identification of potential use for vacant industrial heritage
building, a database of experience of reuse and a proposal of potential use to be applied in the
case of the Almendares River; Résumé:
La problématique de la réutilisation des bâtiments industriels vacants est un sujet pertinent pour
la société actuelle, qui fixe son regard sur le bâtiment du patrimoine industriel vacant à la
recherche d'une possibilité de récupération ou reproposé de leurs espaces. Cependant, le
nombre d'exemples dépasse la capacité des décideurs. Ceci, combiné avec un manque d'outils
pour la définition d'une nouvelle fonction, laisse les espaces pour les interventions qui ne
correspondent toujours avec le contexte et l'objet. Néanmoins, il y a un grand chemin déjà fait
en question de réutilisation des bâtiments industriels vacants. Certains auteurs qualifient cela
comme une culture de l'exploitation. Ce scénario est également présent à La Havane, Cuba. Il
y a une vaste représentation des bâtiments vacants du patrimoine industriel qui ne sont pas
exploitées de manière adéquate selon leurs capacités. Dans ce cadre, la thèse est soutenue sur
la détermination d'une méthodologie pour l'identification des utilisations potentielles pour le
bâtiment industriel vacant du patrimoine, en prenant comme une ressource pertinente, des
expériences acquises dans le monde en questions de réutilisation qui pourrait être appliquée au
cas du bâtiment industriel le long de la rivière Almendares.
La recherche est divisée en trois chapitres, le premier concernant à l'identification des variables
qui modélisent la problématique, le deuxième dans l'apprentissage par l'expérience et la
conception de la méthodologie et la troisième a l'application de cette méthodologie à l'étude de
cas de les bâtiments industriel vacants de patrimoine le long de la rivière Almendares de la
Havane. L'application à l'étude de cas permet pour le test de pertinence de la méthodologie. La
thèse a pour résultat la méthodologie pour l'identification des utilisations potentielles pour
vacants bâtiment industriel du patrimoine, une base de données de l'expérience de la
réutilisation et une proposition des utilisations potentielles à appliquer dans le cas de la rivière
Almendares.
35
Leung, Oi-kwan Winnie. "A preliminary study on the Hong Kong external trade of non-ferrous metal waste (and scrap) and other potentially hazardous waste materials /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1470934X.
36
Lin, Kuei-Feng, and 林桂鋒. "Potential Treatment/ Reuse Alternative for Dilute Milk Parlor andSugarcane Wastewater." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53337913841139716108.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
95
Anaerobic processes, Bio-nest and lagoon, combined aerobic Entrapped Mixed Microbial Cell (EMMC) processes with both configurations of single-layer and double-layer for eating dilute milk parlor wastewater and sugarcane wastewater under various operational conditions to meet reusing. For the single-layer systems, the carrier was employed at the packing ratios of 20% of lab scale and 12.5% of field scale based on the bioreactor water volume. In the double-layer system of lab scale, carriers were separated into two layers which occupied the top and bottom parts of the reactor with an overall packing ratio of 13%. In order to explore these potential treatments, both anaerobically treated wastewaters were fed to EMMC systems at hydraulic retention time (HRT) 12hr and different aeration conditions. Through the economic consideration, results for potential treatments show that at HRT 12hr and intermitted aeration of 1hr on and 1hr off condition for double-layer EMMC system provides the better removal efficiency and effluent quality for carbon, and lower cost for EMMC media carriers. Economic evaluations for various potential treatments of double-layer EMMC system combined with alternatives anaerobic Bio-nest process and lagoon process were investigated. The cost of operation is depended on the construction cost and benefit value.
37
Liang, Yong-siang, and 梁詠祥. "Characteristic analysis and reuse potential assessment of the steel-making desulfurization slag." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81342010523866506794.
Abstract:
碩士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
100
Furnace slag is the by-product from steel making process. Desulfurization slag (DS) was produced from the desulphurization process of molten irons in high temperature furnaces processes. DS is heterogeneous oxide materials which are compounded by some main oxides such as SiO2, FeO, CaO, SiO2, MnO, Al2O3, and MgO due to their mass percentage. Because DS has high pH characteristics (12.5), this limits its recycle and reuse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of applying DS as the construction materials or amendments in the aquacultural industry to improve the aqualcultural water quality in the fish farm. The basic characteristic analyses show that the major chemical compositions of powder DS were CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The major crystalline phase composed of SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Results of DS release test show that when DS could increase pH and alkalinity value in water. Results of micro-structure analysis of powder DS surface showed there were many non-porous materials and heavy metals on DS. Results from the nutrient removal tests show that the ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity were 0.036 mg/L and 0.069 mg/L when the initial concentration were 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively. Results form the adsorption model validation test indicate that the adsorption phenomena could fit in Langmuir model. The adsorption capacities of phosphate were 26.4 mg/L and 76.6 mg/L when the initial phosphate concentrations were 10 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption reaction for ammonia nitrogen was endothermic non-spontaneous process, and the adsorption reaction for phosphate was exothermic spontaneous process. However, the enthalpy change (ΔH) showed that adsorption reaction of DS for ammonia nitrogen was physical adsorption, and the adsorption reaction for phosphate was chemical sorption. In the algae culture experiment, results show that when 25 mg/L of DS was supplied, the growth rate of Chlorella sp. could be enhanced. Thus, the powder DS could enhance the growth of Chlorella sp. A field study using a fish farm as the study site was conducted to evaluate the impact of DS on fish farm water quality when DS was applied as the filling and construction materials of the fish farm. Results show that addition of DS had no significant effect on groundwater and pond water quality. Results from the organic matter analysis of the pond water using EEFM show that humus-like and soluble microbial product (SMP) materials were detected. The dominant algae in the pond water included Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. indicating the pond water quality was in good conditions. Addition of DS would increase of water alkalinity preventing the acidification of pond water due to the fish feed and fish excreta. Results of heavy metal analysis of soil, groundwater, and pond water complied with the relevant environmental standards. Results of this study will aid in understanding the characteristics of DS and the results will be useful in designing a DS reuse system to achieve the zero waste and resource reuse goal.
38
Mundi, Gurvinder. "Assessment of Effective Solids Removal Technologies to Determine Potential for Vegetable Washwater Reuse." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7737.
Abstract:
This thesis is an investigation on water reuse in the fresh-cut fruits and vegetable industry. Fresh water is used intensively in washing, cutting/peeling processes and disinfecting fruits and vegetables, as a result washwater with heavy solids is generated. Effective removal of solids is needed to allow for water reuse. Thus dissolved air flotation (DAF) and centrifuge with coagulation and flocculation process were explored for solid removal capabilities; some settling analysis was also conducted.
Bench scale studies show DAF and centrifuge produce waters of similar quality (Turbidity). DAF is able to produce waters with higher UV transmittance and can work better with membrane filtration and UV disinfection. While centrifuge showed higher reduction in pathogen levels, it can be cost effective and compact in design. Membrane filtration feasibility showed that high quality waters (low turbidity) can be produced, but were unable to remove pathogens. Collimated beam results show UV disinfection can further be used to completely eliminate pathogens and allow for water reuse. This allows the processors to reduce their water foot-print, increase sustainability of their operations, and meet the increasing demand for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
39
Lee, Wen-Sheng, and 李文聖. "The Study of Effluent Reclamation and Reuse Potential from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95754621617202200592.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
92
The characteristics of municipal wastewater are stable. The reuse water from cleaned municipal wastewater by advanced reclamation technologies could contain potential for providing regional water supply, raise the efficiency of water resource reuse and reach the object of diversification water supply. In general the region of water reclamation and reuse include the recycling of rainfall storage, industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, agricultural irrigation water drainage, cultivated fishery wastewater and so on. Municipal wastewater reclamation could be used in industrial inflow, agricultural irrigation water, landscape environment, groundwater recharge, domestic non-potable use, repairing drinking-water and so on. It contains huge potential for municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse in the future. Complete plans would take wide influence in establishing relating laws and forming. It should be carried out and promote of reclamation water regulations, water quality standards and the marks of water reuse. On the other hand, water reclamation technologies should be accepted by users. Therefore, It must be considered about each requirement of water quality, reclamation technologies, user’s risk assessments and so on of water reclamation and reuse. This study collected successful examples and documents from abroad municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse. Discussing reclamation technologies and combinations among Best Available Treatment （BAT）, the internal currently water reclamation laws and water quality would be analyzed and discussed. In the meanwhile, Questionnaires of the desires and managers of water reclamation and reuse reveal that the maximum water reclamation potential capacity would be 2,859,100 m3/day and currently capable potential capacity was 1,352,000 m3/day of 18 treatment plants in Taiwan. There will be 42 municipal wastewater treatment plants till year 110. The maximum capable water reclamation potential capacity will be 4,263,000 m3/day in 2020. In the end of the research will choose potential municipal wastewater reclamation plants and plan its own reclamation and reuse manners.
40
Singh, Divya. "Nanoparticles uptake and toxicity in plants: implication on reuse potential of wastewater for irrigation." Thesis, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7150.
41
"Canal street: An analysis on how to activate the economic potential in underutilized historic buildings." Tulane University, 2017.
42
"Canal Street: An Analysis on How to Activiate the Economic Potential in Underutilized Historic Buildings." 2017.
43
Wood, Connell. "Examination of the potential for reuse of chromated copper arsenate wood waste by nitric acid pulping." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69311.
Abstract:
Treated timber is a widely used construction material, as it is resistant to insect and fungal attack. The most commonly used timber treatment solution worldwide is copper chromium arsenate (CCA) pressure treated wood (APVMA 2005a). Environmental and health issues have been raised over CCA wood, with major particular concern raised on the possibilities of arsenic in the wood potentially leaching out. The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) have limited its usage to minimise human contact with CCA structures (APVMA 2005a). In South Australia, CCA applications increased dramatically with the expansion of the winery industry where CCA treated timber posts were widely used for vineyard trellises. Due to the mechanical method by which most grapes are harvested, roughly 2% of all posts are broken and require disposal annually (SAEPA 2008). The Environmental Protection Agency of South Australia (EPASA) have placed restrictions on CCA disposal from vineyards (SAEPA 2004) and waste CCA stock is either stockpiled or sent to specially lined landfills incurring an estimated cost penalty of over $AU 200 per tonne¹ . Clearly, improved CCA treatment technologies must be developed to reduce (or eliminate) the cost of CCA disposal and to the footprint of land filled waste. CCA timber disposal techniques currently being researched are focussed primarily on thermal and biological routes. Thermal techniques are problematic due to volatilization of the arsenic in the product, whilst biological removal techniques are very slow. Chemical remediation is an alternative and attractive disposal technique of interest using various acids to extract copper, chromium and arsenic. Nitric acid has been shown to be particularly effective (Honda, Kanjo et al. 1991), although research has been limited. Nitric acid is also used in one method of paper pulp production, and as such, there is the potential for a combined CCA extraction and paper pulp process. This has the attraction of turning a waste in a value added product. The kinetics of copper, chromium and arsenic dissolution in nitric acid has been examined in this thesis. A key finding of the work identifies the size of CCA wood particles as the dominant factor affecting the extraction rate, whilst temperature and acid concentration only provide a minor effect. The extraction rate for all elements from CCA wood using nitric acid generally follow 2nd order kinetics. Concurrently, a study examining wood chips of various ages taken from vineyards was performed using chip sizes typical required for paper production. It was found that despite significant variations in the concentration profile of CCA in posts, a general model based on the fraction of each element could be created for posts of all ages. Over an 8 hour period, 65-80% of chromium, 50-70% of copper and 75-90% of arsenic was extracted from all posts. Given the excellent extraction observed under relatively simple nitric acid extraction, further studies on the applicability of nitric pulping for CCA remediation are recommended. Minimizing chip size subject to fibre size constraints in paper production is key to improved removal and additional means for enhancing chip surface area are identified. Other stages present in paper pulping process may solublize additional CCA and these warrant further investigation. A basic economic estimation was undertaken, where it was found that creating paper pulp from CCA wood could be economically feasible, but will require further research to determine the expected costs and revenues involved. The nature of the CCA wood waste was investigated. The expectation was that CCA posts would contain relatively consistent concentration profiles for copper, chromium and arsenic. However, it was observed that the concentrations were quite varied. Further, several posts produced during the wine boom in South Australia were very poorly treated with very poor penetration of the preservatives into the posts. This could result in a reduced lifetime for the posts, and potentially higher arsenic leaching than expected. It is also recommended that the frequency of these poorly treated posts be determined, as three of the six posts examined from this period were potentially poorly treated, implying it may be significant and unexpected problem. In addition, a study should be initiated to determine if these poorly treated posts are leaching higher levels of arsenic, by both a study of the surrounding soil and a simulated rainfall leaching experiment. Based on the concern that more arsenic leached from pieces of CCA post left in deionised water than expected, an experiment on posts of various ages revealed that over a 100 day period, 1.5-3g of elemental arsenic could leach from a submerged CCA treated post. There is a serious concern that with CCA posts being landfilled, they will be exposed to water contact over the wet months, resulting in high arsenic leaching. It is theorised that this high arsenic leaching is due to insufficient chromium in the CCA solution. Previous studies have recommended higher chromium to arsenic ratios than are currently employed in Australia. Further studies on the extent to which this leaching can occur in landfill are recommended.
¹ Personal communication with John Blumson, Zero Waste South Australia, 22/7/08.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 2011
44
Ding, Xiao-Wen, and 丁曉文. "Applying refined Kano's model to investigate the potential of Taiwan heritage railway station’s adaptive reuse _ Case of Shanjia Station." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m86992.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
106
Railway station is not only a traffic hub but also a town node, which is equipped with a industrial attached facilities. Facing the adaptive reuse of a heritage railway station, conflicts and corners are often shown between different groups, in Taiwan. There is a different knowledge of conservation and designation among the government, railway departments, culture ministry, community managers, the locals, tourists and designers. Public departments also have the problem of the distribution of rights and interests of space resources. For the purpose of saving cultural heritage, increasing tourism and developing community，this study summarizes the potential of heritage railway station’s adaptive reuse. Then, refined Kano’s model is applied to compare the preferences of the locals and tourists to the direction of the development of the heritage railway stations, determining the new function of the heritage railway stations, or providing the improvement of the railway station, which already finished its adaptive reuse. This study chooses Shanjia station for reference.
45
Lee, Yun-pei, and 李芸珮. "A Study on the Potential Reuse of Dormitory Constructed during the Japanese Occupied Period：By Cases of the Dormitory of Forestry Cooperative in Chiayi City." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54158803893962871504.
Abstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
空間設計系碩士班
93
In recent years, the preservation idea of spatial culture is gradually changing from the single historical building to a village, from preservation of form to regional topic. Practically, the operation changes from conservation to energetic reuse. This research provides the thinking of reuse to the vein of the city, the specialty of village, and the sequence of history. The dormitory of forestry cooperative in Chiayi City is a group of buildings constructed for forestry in A-Li Mountain during the Japanese occupied period. It forms a village in Chiayi City. Because of the special group form, architectural style and construction method, this village becomes an important culture property. The value of Japanese dormitory is its space. It includes the building itself, the street, and the village. While the reuse topic is considered , we should focus on the whole scale. Then we can extend its value. This research collects the basis information through field investigation and interview. This study tries to conclude the idea based on “dot, line, and surface” in the level of culture property. We escape from the thinking of single building, and seek for the possibility of whole village. For conclusion, the research has four achievements, 1.To know the Japanese dormitory of forestry’s situation, the floor plan, the situation of rebuilding part or extension, the viewpoint of the users, and the nfection of the reuse. 2.To analyze the re-use condition of Japanese dormitory of forestry. 3.To develop the re-use idea based on“dot, line, and surface” as the basis of culture property preservation law. 4.To provide the suggestion of ideal re-use way of Japanese forestry dormitory.
46
Inamdar, Prasad Mohanrao. "Selection and Evaluation of Potential Stormwater Harvesting Sites in Urban Areas." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25797/.
Abstract:
Urban cities are universally becoming water stressed due to combined pressures of increasing urbanisation, growing populations, and fluctuating climate change regimes. Therefore, water resource managers are globally developing strategies to ensure water security and associated long term sustainable use. Stormwater harvesting represents one of those strategies which reduces pressure on existing urban water resources, and mitigates the detrimental environmental impacts of urban stormwater runoff on receiving water bodies. Selection of suitable urban stormwater harvesting sites and associated project planning are often complex due to spatial, temporal, economic, environmental and social factors, and associated various other variables. Moreover, the planning of stormwater harvesting projects essentially involves the engagement of diverse stakeholders in the decision making, who may have conflicting views on stormwater harvesting sites and approaches.
47
Potter, S. "Approaches to Antarctic solid waste management logistics : past, present, potential." Thesis, 2003. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21257/1/whole_PotterSandraAnn2003_thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
Past and present solid waste management practices in Antarctica, and the local impacts of waste, are described. The provisions of Annex III of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the Madrid Protocol) are reviewed, in particular the requirement to remove waste from Antarctica and clean up past waste disposal sites and abandoned infrastructure. It is noted that the language used in the Protocol, and the absence of clearly defined environmental standards for the region, make examination of the compliance of signatories problematic.
Australian, French, Russian, Chinese and Japanese program policy and operations in East Antarctica are discussed. Issues related to the on-site processing, containment and shipment of waste are considered in an Integrated Solid Waste Management System framework. Particular reference is made to the differing demands presented by the erection and demolition of facilities, the handling of annually generated and principally non-hazardous domestic waste, and the clean up of abandoned, and often contaminated, sites.
A lack of sufficiently-detailed, reliable and consistently-described data on the composition and production of waste, the volumes accumulated, and the effects and efficiency of Antarctic operations, currently hinders strategic planning. Nevertheless it is suggested that a collaborative approach to the removal of waste from coastal sites between 30°E (Syowa station) and 140°E (Dumont d'Urville) is logistically feasible and attractive on environmental, practical and economic grounds. Australia is appropriately positioned, geographically and in the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), to take a lead role in promoting and implementing a coordinated, regional approach.
Concomitantly it is argued that ATCPs need to give greater attention to philosophical and theoretical issues related to operating in Antarctica, the debate involving enquiry beyond that associated with scientific objectivity and analysis. Similarly, establishing the means by which the participation of stakeholders outside the ATS can be enhanced, requires urgent consideration.
48
"An investigation into the mechanical biological pretreatment of garden waste using forced aeration and it impact on carbon emissions reduction potential." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/775.
49
Liao, Yu-De, and 廖育德. "Analysis of Potential Reused Water Quantity of Paddy Field under Different Conditions." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58312912347830443541.
50
Wu, Yuea Tong, and 吳餘東. "Research of The Practicable and Potential Extension of Refuse Derived Fuel in Taiwan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03195698612618739064.
Abstract:
碩士元智大學
機械工程研究所
88
The basic task of resourcing waste material is to recycle useful components and energy from waste material using technical methods. Using waste material as a source of fuel could most efficiently minimize and resource waste material. In a small island like Taiwan, the scarcity of natural resources leads us to confront the problem of so-called “wrongly-allocated waste material” into useful resources. This study focuses on the national and foreign techniques of waste material fueling as well as the application of the methods. In addition the study concentrates on the economization and feasibility of the practice along with the potential and strategies of propagation the study. First of all the study collects the waste material fueling techniques and all related application studies. This step will enhance the understanding of the production process product quality method of application and type of suitable waste material for national development and extension purposes. Second the study analyzes the investment of feasible application the actual practice and the appropriate scope in the country. Third the study collects data on the formation of waste material and the techniques analyzing waste material fueling in three states: Gas liquid and solid. The study will focus on how the manufacturers treat waste material and the application patterns in order to master the potential of waste material fueling in Taiwan and the feasibility of current methods and future application . Finally the study analyzes foreign propagation of waste material fueling and then proposes suggestion.