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Kelly, Elizabeth Joan. "Reuse of Wikimedia Commons Cultural Heritage Images on the Wider Web." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29575.
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Objective – Cultural heritage institutions with digital images on Wikimedia Commons want to know if and how those images are being reused. This study attempts to gauge the impact of digital cultural heritage images from Wikimedia Commons by using Reverse Image Lookup (RIL) to determine the quantity and content of different types of reuse, barriers to using RIL to assess reuse, and whether reused digital cultural heritage images from Wikimedia Commons include licensing information.
Methods – 171 digital cultural heritage Wikimedia Commons images from 51 cultural heritage institutions were searched using the Google images “Search by image” tool to find instances of reuse. Content analysis of the digital cultural heritage images and the context in which they were reused was conducted to apply broad content categories. Reuse within Wikimedia Foundation projects was also recorded.
Results – A total of 1,533 reuse instances found via Google images and Wikimedia Commons’ file usage reports were analyzed. Over half of reuse occurred within Wikimedia projects or wiki aggregator and mirror sites. Notable People, people, historic events, and buildings and locations were the most widely reused topics of digital cultural heritage both within Wikimedia projects and beyond, while social, media gallery, news, and education websites were the most likely places to find reuse outside of wiki projects. However, the content of reused images varied slightly depending on the website type on which they were found. Very few instances of reuse included licensing information, and those that did often were incorrect. Reuse of cultural heritage images from Wikimedia Commons was either done without added context or content, as in the case of media galleries, or was done in ways that did not distort or mischaracterize the images being reused.
Conclusion – Cultural heritage institutions can use this research to focus digitization and digital content marketing efforts in order to optimize reuse by the types of websites and users that best meet their institution’s mission. Institutions that fear reuse without attribution have reason for concern as the practice of reusing both Creative Commons and public domain media without rights statements is widespread. More research needs to be conducted to determine if notability of institution or collection affects likelihood of reuse, as preliminary results show a weak correlation between number of images searched and number of images reused per institution. RIL technology is a reliable method of finding image reuse but is a labour-intensive process that may best be conducted for selected images and specific assessment campaigns. Finally, the reused content and context categories developed here may contribute to a standardized set of codes for assessing digital cultural heritage reuse.
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Roy, Madhurima, Sangeeta Roy, Aniruddha Maiti, and Nishita Yadav. "INTRAOPERATIVE BREAKAGE OF A REUSED 25 GAUGE ILM PEELING FÓRCEPS." International Journal of Retina 4, no. 2 (September 21, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.35479/ijretina.2021.vol004.iss002.166.
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A 59 years male presented with painless diminution of vision in right eye for 4 months. His vision was 20/100 in right eye and 20/30 in left eye. Fundus examination revealed epiretinal membrane in right eye with central macular thickness of 747 μm for which he underwent 25 guage pars plana vitrectomy. Intraoperatively after internal limiting membrane peeling, during removal of the pieces of the membrane from the forceps with the endoilluminator pipe, accidentally one blade from the tip of ILM peeling forceps broke. In this report, we describe first case of inadvertent intraoperative fracture of 25- gauge Grieshaber DSP End-Grasping ILM forceps in a case of ERM who underwent vitrectomy and removal of ERM with successful removal of fractured tip of ILM forceps.
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Labastida, Ignasi, and Thomas Margoni. "Licensing FAIR Data for Reuse." Data Intelligence 2, no. 1-2 (January 2020): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00042.
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The last letter of the FAIR acronym stands for Reusability. Data and metadata should be made available with a clear and accessible usage license. But, what are the choices? How can researchers share data and allow reusability? Are all the licenses available for sharing content suitable for data? Data can be covered by different layers of copyright protection making the relationship between data and copyright particularly complex. Some research data can be considered as a work and therefore covered by full copyright while other data can be in the public domain due to their lack of originality. Moreover, a collection of data can be protected by special rights in Europe to acknowledge the investment in time and money in obtaining, presenting, arranging or verifying the data. The need of using a license when sharing data comes from the fact that, under current copyright laws, when rights exist, the absence of any legal notice must be understood as the default “all rights reserved” regime. Unless an exception applies, the authorisation of right holders is necessary for reuse. Right holders could use any text to state the reusability of data but it is advisable to use some of the existing licenses, and especially the ones that are suitable for data and databases. We hope that with this paper we can bring some clarity in relation to the rights involved when sharing research data.
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Turner, Adam. "Shelley Z. Reuter. Testing Fate: Tay-Sachs Disease and the Right to Be Responsible." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 72, no. 3 (April 8, 2017): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrx011.
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Raz, Aviad E. "Testing Fate: Tay-Sachs and the Right to be Responsible by Shelley Z. Reuter." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 35, no. 3 (2017): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2017.0015.
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Pemberton, Stephen. "Testing Fate: Tay-Sachs Disease and the Right to Be Responsible by Shelley Z. Reuter." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 92, no. 1 (2018): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2018.0012.
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Kim, Hyun-Kyung. "Re-examination of database rights - Focused on the revision trend of EUcases (CV-Online Latvia v Melons) and EU Database Directive -." Korea Copyright Commission 139 (September 30, 2022): 29–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30582/kdps.2022.35.3.29.
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Even in Europe, where database rights(Sui Generis Database Rights) were first created, questions about the utility of these rights have been raised and discussions for revision is going on. We, who benchmarked these European cases at the time, also need to pay attention to the changes in EU. Therefore, in this study, the problems of the database rights were analyzed and future improvement tasks were derived. The results of the s tudy a re a s follows.
First, the EU is changing the criteria for judging database rights infringement through the CJEU decision. In order to accommodate the innovation of data, the creation of added value through reuse of users and competitors and the possibility of innovation are accepted as the criteria for judging infringement. We also need to take this into account in our “significant investment” and “determination of infringement”.
Second, it is necessary to think about the extension of the exception range of the database right. In Europe, through a separate legislative measure called the Data Act, a wide range of exceptions are being allowed by excluding the database right for databases acquired or created by the use of products or services. This is premised on the premise that the establishment and utilization of databases in various artificial intelligence services, including IoT, is essential anyway, so there is no need to induce investment by guaranteeing sui generis rights. As such, in certain cases, it is necessary to review the introduction of regulations that restrict database rights.
Third, like public works, free use of public databases needs to be introduced. Public databases are already trying to create added value through private use through other individual laws. In addition, it is questionable whether the criteria for judging infringement, such as ‘significant investment’ and ‘risk of recovery of investment’, can be applied to the act of creating a database funded by the state finances. Therefore, it is necessary to review the introduction of database rights restrictions on public works.
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Rashid, Muhammad, Omar S. Sonbul, Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia, Nadeem Kafi, Mohammed H. Sinky, and Muhammad Arif. "Large Field-Size Elliptic Curve Processor for Area-Constrained Applications." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031240.
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This article has proposed an efficient area-optimized elliptic curve cryptographic processor architecture over GF(2409) and GF(2571). The proposed architecture employs Lopez-Dahab projective point arithmetic operations. To do this, a hybrid Karatsuba multiplier of 4-split polynomials is proposed. The proposed multiplier uses general Karatsuba and traditional schoolbook multiplication approaches. Moreover, the multiplier resources are reused to implement the modular squares and addition chains of the Itoh-Tsujii algorithm for inverse computations. The reuse of resources reduces the overall area requirements. The implementation is performed in Verilog (HDL). The achieved results are provided on Xilinx Virtex 7 device. In addition, the performance of the proposed design is evaluated on ASIC 65 nm process technology. Consequently, a figure-of-merit is constructed to compare the FPGA and ASIC implementations. An exhaustive comparison to existing designs in the literature shows that the proposed architecture utilizes less area. Therefore, the proposed design is the right choice for area-constrained cryptographic applications.
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Ardani, Jeri Adin, Christiono Utomo, and Yani Rahmawati. "Model Ownership and Intellectual Property Rights for Collaborative Sustainability on Building Information Modeling." Buildings 11, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080346.
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The concept of building information modeling (BIM) requires multidisciplinary collaboration and generates the problem of intellectual property protection for the creator of the model element. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the model ownership factors and intellectual property rights (IPRs) for collaborative sustainability on BIM practices in Indonesia. This research used the qualitative approach of primary data, and questionnaires were distributed to parties involved and experienced with BIM-based projects in Indonesia. The research adopted descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data obtained from respondents. The results showed that the party that produces the model element is the main factor that owns the model and the IPRs. Meanwhile, the employer will have the right to own the model of BIM in the form of a license, with limited use only for operations, maintenance, and marketing, and they do not have the right to reuse the model for the construction of future projects. This research is expected to contribute to the body of knowledge and provide recommendations for policymaking in construction contracts to better manage BIM-based projects.
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Zeng, Qian. "Thoughts and Explorations on the "Separation of Three Rights" System of Rural Homestead." BCP Business & Management 14 (November 24, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v14i.127.
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When the separation of the management and ownership right was implemented, famers were entitled to basic residential benefits and the stable development of rural society was maintained. With the rapid development of social urbanization, problems gradually arose concerning the use, management, and transfer of rural homesteads: a large number of idle homesteads, failure in large-scale planting as a result of scattered distribution, and the waste of homesteads, etc. In order to reuse the idle homesteads, increase farmers' income from property, and promote rural revitalization, the central government has proposed the "separation of three rights" system. Combined the policy background with rural development, the paper analyzed the significance of the policy on rural development, the potential risks and principles in implementation from the perspective of historical evolution, policy-making background and policy connotation.
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Barbagallo, Salvatore, Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli, Simona Consoli, Feliciana Licciardello, Alessia Marzo, and Attilio Toscano. "Analysis of treated wastewater reuse potential for irrigation in Sicily." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 2024–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.102.
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In Mediterranean countries, water shortage is becoming a problem of high concern affecting the local economy, mostly based on agriculture. The problem is not only the scarcity of water in terms of average per capita, but the high cost to make water available at the right place, at the right time with the required quality. In these cases, an integrated approach for water resources management including wastewater is required. The management should also include treated wastewater (TWW) reclamation and reuse, especially for agricultural irrigation. In Italy, TWW reuse is regulated by a quite restrictive approach (Ministry Decree, M.D. 185/03), especially for some chemical compounds and microbiological parameters. The aim of the paper is the evaluation of TWW reuse potential in Sicily. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was built at regional level to quantify and locate the available TWW volumes. In particular, the characteristics of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were integrated, through the GIS, with data on irrigation district areas. Moreover, in order to evaluate the Italian approach for reuse practice in agriculture, the water quality of different TWW effluents was analysed on the basis of both the Italian standards and the WHO guidelines.
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Guimarães, Rui, Miguel Guimarães, Nuno Sousa, and Maria Amélia Ferreira. "O Segredo do Estudante de Medicina, a Sua Vinculação ao Dever de Sigilo e o Direito em Aceder e Reutilizar Informação de Saúde." Acta Médica Portuguesa 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.10958.
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The authors address the legal void that exists regarding medical student access to clinical records and health information that local healthcare organizations hold under legal and institutional custody. They develop a legal thesis that configures the creation of medical student professional secrecy and its connection with the duty of confidentiality as assumptions that underlie the medical student’s right to access and reuse health information. Medical students have the legitimacy to access health information and clinical records, as they bear an unequivocal informational, legitimate, constitutionally protected and sufficiently relevant need. They conclude that the legislature must work together with universities and hospital institutions to legally establish the concept of Medical Student Professional Secrecy, its link to the duty of confidentiality and the right of the medical student to access and reuse health information. Furthermore, it must do so in a specific legal act and in the precise terms of the text approved unanimously by the Council of Portuguese Medical Schools, by the National Council of Medical Ethics and Deontology, by the National Council of the Portuguese Medical Association and by its President.
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Shen, Yi. "Research Data Sharing and Reuse Practices of Academic Faculty Researchers: A Study of the Virginia Tech Data Landscape." International Journal of Digital Curation 10, no. 2 (May 14, 2016): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v10i2.359.
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This paper presents the results of a research data assessment and landscape study in the institutional context of Virginia Tech to determine the data sharing and reuse practices of academic faculty researchers. Through mapping the level of user engagement in “openness of data,” “openness of methodologies and workflows,” and “reuse of existing data,” this study contributes to the current knowledge in data sharing and open access, and supports the strategic development of institutional data stewardship. Asking faculty researchers to self-reflect sharing and reuse from both data producers’ and data users’ perspectives, the study reveals a significant gap between the rather limited sharing activities and the highly perceived reuse or repurpose values regarding data, indicating that potential values of data for future research are lost right after the original work is done. The localized and sporadic data management and documentation practices of researchers also contribute to the obstacles they themselves often encounter when reusing existing data.
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Sheu, Tsang-Ling, Yan-Jing Wu, and Yen-Chieh Chiu. "Interference-Aware and Spectral-Efficient Resource Allocation Using Complete Graphs for the D2D Communication." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (February 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3264412.
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This paper proposes a heuristic resource block allocation using complete graphs (abbreviated to RACG) mechanism for device-to-device (D2D) communication. RACG not only can reduce the cochannel interference but also can improve the overall system capacity. For RACG, we define two pieces of user equipment in the D2D communication as one D2D pair and use the interference between each D2D pair to establish an interference graph model, which is then used to identify all complete graphs with different numbers of vertices. The innovation of RACG is right that it begins with resource block (RB) allocation for the D2D pairs in the complete graph with the largest number of vertices and considers three additional parameters to determine the allocation sequence for the D2D pairs. The three additional parameters are the frequency at which D2D pairs appear in complete graphs, the interference level of a D2D pair to other D2D pairs, and the number of RBs required. Furthermore, RACG prioritizes the reuse of allocated RB chunks during RB allocation. When a D2D pair and other D2D pairs with allocated RBs do not have mutual interference, the allocated RB chunk that has the closest number of RBs to the number of RBs required is selected and reused. We conduct performance analysis and compare the proposed RACG with a resource allocation of degree-based greedy (RADG) approach. The performance measures include the RB usage rate and occupied rate in a frame.
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Ivanović, Svjetlana. "Use of copyrighted works: Between freedom of expression and infringement of copyright and related rights." Pravo i privreda 58, no. 3 (2020): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2003220i.
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The paper deals with the analysis of copyright and related rights aspects of the creation of works and protected subject matters that arise from the use of excerpts from other people's copyrighted works. Modern technology has enabled various forms of combining and modifying parts of other people's works in various fields of creativity. Today's popular culture abounds with new forms of expression of creativity, which are largely based on the use of existing content. Creating new content from existing photos, videos, music has become an everyday activity for most people. Some new music directions are based on the use of other people's works, for example - hip hop. Sampling is the reuse of a portion of a sound recording in another recording. Samples may comprise elements such as rhythm, melody, speech, sounds, and maybe sped up or slowed down, looped, or otherwise manipulated. Sampling is the focus of our interest due to the litigation in Germany which was brought to the Court of Justice of the European Union. The paper analyses certain issues from the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Pelham case, in which the subject of the dispute was the use of a noticeably short excerpt from someone else's composition. The judgment specifi es the conditions under which there is an infringement of copyright and phonogram producer's rights, especially reproduction and adaptation rights. The phonogram producer's exclusive right to reproduce his or her phonogram allows him to prevent another person from taking a sound sample, even if very short, of his or her phonogram for the purposes of including that sample in another phonogram, unless that sample is included in the phonogram in a modified form unrecognizable to the ear. The judgment deals with copyright and related rights exceptions and limitations. Regarding the quotation exception, the Court stated that the user of a sample might invoke the quotation defence only in relation to a sample that is recognizable to the ear. Also, the judgment deals with the influence of freedom of expression on the shaping of copyright and related rights exceptions and limitations. A fair balance must be struck between the interest of the holders of copyright and related rights in the protection of their intellectual property rights, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the protection of the interests and fundamental rights of users of the protected subject matter.
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Kasstan, Ben. "Testing Fate: Tay-Sachs Disease and the Right to Be Responsible. Shelly Z. Reuter, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016. 264 pp." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 31, no. 3 (March 23, 2017): NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maq.12362.
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Ritter, William. "State Regulations and Guidelines for Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation in the U.S." Water 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202818.
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The objective of this paper is to present an overview of state regulations and guidelines for wastewater reuse for irrigation. Land application of wastewater in the U.S. began in the 19th century when it was considered the safest and best method for wastewater disposal. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 27 states have regulations for wastewater reuse and 11 states have guidelines for reuse. Some states have no regulations or guidelines for wastewater reuse. For urban wastewater reuse for irrigation where public access is not restricted and for irrigation of food crops, many of the states require additional levels of treatment beyond secondary treatment, which may include oxidation, coagulation, and filtration and high levels of disinfection. California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida were the earliest states to establish water reuse programs and account for the majority of wastewater reuse for irrigation in the U.S. Several of the challenges to increase wastewater reuse are water rights in the western states and a lack of funding for new projects.
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Guo, Nan, Edwin Hon Wan Chan, and Esther Hiu Kwan Yung. "Alternative Governance Model for Historical Building Conservation in China: From Property Rights Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010203.
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With the rapid advancement of urbanisation, the adaptive reuse of heritage plays a key role in achieving sustainable development, which is widely recognised by UNESCO and International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). In the process of urban renewal, unclear property rights have seriously hindered the relocation of old houses, compensation and the adaptive reuse of historical buildings, even causing a series of social contradictions, such as violence. Moreover, forced evictions and controversy in dealing with the rights of residents, particularly the so-called ‘nail households’ have attracted public attention. However, few studies have analysed the problems and countermeasures from the perspective of unclear property rights. This study focuses on analysing the unclear property rights of historical buildings to propose an Alternative Governance Model for Historical Building Conservation in China. Founded on the Coase Theorem of externalities and property rights to examine the existing complex property ownership and rights patterns of 63 historical buildings in the famous Pingjiang Historic Block in Suzhou, China, the model provides reasonable and feasible reconstruction schemes for each situation. The operation model can also provide a symbiosis of new and old building solutions for urban renewal in developing countries, which may encounter a similar challenge of urbanisation.
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Perz, Allison, Gabriel Makar, Edward Fernandez, Joshua Weinstock, and William Rafferty. "Primary cutaneous mucormycosis of the abdomen at the site of repeated insulin injections." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 2 (February 2020): e233284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-233284.
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A 71-year-old woman with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a necrotic lesion on her lower abdomen. Further history revealed that this was the site of repeat insulin injections with reuse of the same needles. On investigation, biopsy of the site was positive for broad, aseptate, right-angle branching fungal hyphae consistent with mucormycosis. Studies have shown that insulin needle reuse is a common practice among diabetics for several reasons, including cost and convenience. While the current American Diabetes Association guidelines suggest that this is an acceptable practice among the general population of diabetics, they advise against it in patients who are actively ill or immunocompromised. Discussion about insulin needle reuse should be of utmost importance among providers and their diabetic patients, especially for patients who are immunocompromised.
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Alejandre, Gemma Minero. "Ownership Of Databases: Personal Data Protection And Intellectual Property Rights On Databases." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 5 (October 1, 2021): 733–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021039.
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When we think on initiatives on access to and reuse of data, we must consider both the European Intellectual Property Law and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The first one provides a special intellectual property (IP) right – the sui generis right – for those makers that made a substantial investment when creating the database, whether it contains personal or non-personal data. That substantial investment can be made by just one person, but, in many cases, it is the result of the activities of many people and/or some undertakings processing and aggregating data. In the modern digital economy, data are being dubbed the ‘new oil’ and the sui generis right might be considered a right to control any access to the database, thus having an undeniable relevance. Besides, there are still important inconsistences between IP Law and the GDPR, which must be removed by the European legislator. The genuine and free consent of the data subject for the use of his/her data must remain the first step of the legal analysis.
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Anderson, W. J., and P. M. McDunnough. "On the representation of symmetric transition functions." Advances in Applied Probability 22, no. 3 (September 1990): 548–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427457.
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In this paper, we give an alternative derivation of Kendall's representation for symmetric transition functions which relies on the backward and/or forward integral recursions. The proof uses a lemma concerning approximation by finite sections (which is useful in its own right) and is similar to the original proof for birth and death processes by Lederman and Reuter. Finally, we obtain a general result guaranteeing the existence of representations of transition functions such as those obtained by Pruitt and Iglehart.
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Anderson, W. J., and P. M. McDunnough. "On the representation of symmetric transition functions." Advances in Applied Probability 22, no. 03 (September 1990): 548–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000186780001987x.
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In this paper, we give an alternative derivation of Kendall's representation for symmetric transition functions which relies on the backward and/or forward integral recursions. The proof uses a lemma concerning approximation by finite sections (which is useful in its own right) and is similar to the original proof for birth and death processes by Lederman and Reuter. Finally, we obtain a general result guaranteeing the existence of representations of transition functions such as those obtained by Pruitt and Iglehart.
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Situmeang, Asima Trismawati, Saidin ., and T. Keizerina Devi A. "Legal Protection on the Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Author of Film Script Writing Pursuant to Law No. 28 of 2014 Concerning Copyright (Analysis of Copyright Infringement Case by a Production House of the “ Benyamin Biang Kerok” Film)." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 8 (August 29, 2021): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210896.
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Moral Rights and Economic Rights are Exclusive Rights that cannot be separated in relation to Copyrights. Copyright protects all forms of work, one of which is Film Script Writing as referred to in Article 40 paragraph (1) of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright (UUHC). One of the forms of infringement on the copyrighted work of the film script is the reuse of the film script without the permission of the creator, resulting in the loss of the moral rights and economic rights of the creator. The problems in this study are: how to use the principles of Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Author in claiming protection against Copyright infringement on Film Script Writing, how legal remedies can be taken in the form of legal protection for the Author of Film Script Writing used without permission, and how analysis of the Judge's decision on the violation of Moral Rights for the Creator in the dispute of the film "Benyamin Biang Kerok" based on the decision of the Panel of Judges Number 09/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Cipta/2018/PN Niaga Jkt. Pst. This research is descriptive analytical with a normative juridical approach. Qualitative analysis methods are used to process and analyze research data and then draw conclusions using deductive methods through a normative framework. The results of the research show: the use of the Principles of Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Creator as a claim for infringement of Copyright is listed in Article 4, Article 5. This right will continue to exist and is eternally attached to the Creator and will continue to apply indefinitely. Legal efforts as a form of legal protection for Film Scripts that are used without permission are to follow the provisions in Article 95 to Article 109 of the UUHC, namely by preventing violations from occurring and through alternative dispute resolution through arbitration or through the Commercial Court. The Plaintiff's lawsuit was declared defeated by the Panel of Judges, due to lack of parties. But the production of the film "Benyamin Biang Kerok" is not determined as a violation of the exclusive rights of the Creator. This decision has not provided justice and provided legal protection for the Plaintiff as the author of the original manuscript and it is feared that the same violation will continue to occur in the future. Suggestions that can be given include: in providing explanations and strengthening the importance of the Creator's Exclusive Rights, it is necessary to have awareness, socialization and public education so as not to use other people's creations carelessly. Legal efforts to prevent infringement of film script writing is to conduct socialization in the film industry and other related creative industries. Against a decision that has not provided legal protection for the Plaintiff, the Panel of Judges must also determine that the defendant has violated the exclusive rights of the Plaintiff's written film script and stipulates compensation for the violation of exclusive rights committed. Keywords: Legal Protection, Moral Rights, Economic Rights, The Author, Copyrights,Film Script Writing.
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Han, Catherine, Irwin Reyes, Álvaro Feal, Joel Reardon, Primal Wijesekera, Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Amit Elazari, Kenneth A. Bamberger, and Serge Egelman. "The Price is (Not) Right: Comparing Privacy in Free and Paid Apps." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 222–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050.
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AbstractIt is commonly assumed that “free” mobile apps come at the cost of consumer privacy and that paying for apps could offer consumers protection from behavioral advertising and long-term tracking. This work empirically evaluates the validity of this assumption by comparing the privacy practices of free apps and their paid premium versions, while also gauging consumer expectations surrounding free and paid apps. We use both static and dynamic analysis to examine 5,877 pairs of free Android apps and their paid counterparts for differences in data collection practices and privacy policies between pairs. To understand user expectations for paid apps, we conducted a 998-participant online survey and found that consumers expect paid apps to have better security and privacy behaviors. However, there is no clear evidence that paying for an app will actually guarantee protection from extensive data collection in practice. Given that the free version had at least one thirdparty library or dangerous permission, respectively, we discovered that 45% of the paid versions reused all of the same third-party libraries as their free versions, and 74% of the paid versions had all of the dangerous permissions held by the free app. Likewise, our dynamic analysis revealed that 32% of the paid apps exhibit all of the same data collection and transmission behaviors as their free counterparts. Finally, we found that 40% of apps did not have a privacy policy link in the Google Play Store and that only 3.7% of the pairs that did reflected differences between the free and paid versions.
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Baldiris Navarro, Silvia Margarita, Sabine Graf, Ramon Fabregat, and Nestor Darío Duque Méndez. "Searching for and positioning of contextualized learning objects." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 13, no. 5 (November 1, 2012): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v13i5.1255.
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<p>Learning object economies are marketplaces for the sharing and reuse of learning objects (LO). There are many motivations for stimulating the development of the LO economy. The main reason is the possibility of providing the right content, at the right time, to the right learner according to adequate quality standards in the context of a lifelong learning process; in fact, this is also the main objective of education. However, some barriers to the development of a LO economy, such as the granularity and editability of LO, must be overcome. Furthermore, some enablers, such as learning design generation and standards usage, must be promoted in order to enhance LO economy. For this article, we introduced the integration of distributed learning object repositories (DLOR) as sources of LO that could be placed in adaptive learning designs to assist teachers’ design work. Two main issues presented as a result: how to access distributed LO, and where to place the LO in the learning design. To address these issues, we introduced two processes: LORSE, a distributed LO searching process, and LOOK, a micro context-based positioning process, respectively. Using these processes, the teachers were able to reuse LO from different sources to semi-automatically generate an adaptive learning design without leaving their virtual environment. A layered evaluation yielded good results for the process of placing learning objects from controlled learning object repositories into a learning design, and permitting educators to define different open issues that must be covered when they use uncontrolled learning object repositories for this purpose. We verified the satisfaction users had with our solution.</p>
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Graef, Inge, Martin Husovec, and Nadezhda Purtova. "Data Portability and Data Control: Lessons for an Emerging Concept in EU Law." German Law Journal 19, no. 6 (November 2018): 1359–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200023075.
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AbstractThe right to data portability (RtDP) introduced by Article 20 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) forms a regulatory innovation within EU law. The RtDP provides data subjects with the possibility to transfer personal data among data controllers, but has an impact beyond data protection. In particular, the RtDP facilitates the reuse of personal data that private companies hold by establishing a general-purpose control mechanism of horizontal application. Article 20 of the GDPR is agnostic about the type of use that follows from the ported data and its further diffusion. We argue that the RtDP does not fit well with the fundamental rights nature of data protection law, and should instead be seen as a new regulatory tool in EU law that aims to stimulate competition and innovation in data-driven markets.What remains unclear is the extent to which the RtDP will be limited in its aspirations where intellectual property rights of current data holders—such as copyright, trade secrets andsui generisdatabase rights—cause the regimes to clash. In such cases, a reconciliation of the interests might particularly confine the follow-on use of ported data again to specific set of socially justifiable purposes, possibly with schemes of fair remuneration. Despite these uncertainties, the RtDP is already being replicated in other fields, namely consumer protection law and the regulation of non-personal data. Competition law can also facilitate portability of data, but only for purpose-specific goals with the aim of addressing anticompetitive behavior.We conclude that to the extent that other regimes will try to replicate the RtDP, they should closely consider the nature of the resulting control and its breadth and impact on incentives to innovate. In any case, the creation of data portability regimes should not become an end in itself. With an increasing number of instruments, orchestrating the consistency of legal regimes within the Digital Single Market and their mutual interplay should become an equally important concern.
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GOMES, PAULO, and CARLOS BENTO. "A case similarity metric for software reuse and design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 15, no. 1 (January 2001): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060401151061.
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When the idea of software reuse appeared in 1968, new horizons for software design were open. But some major problems appeared and most of the expectations were not met. One of the problems encountered is the selection of the right software component. This is related not only to the similarity between the desired functionality and the function delivered by the retrieved software component, but also to the effort needed to modify the chosen component to accommodate the desired functionality. Most of the research done in the case-based reasoning area has been in developing accurate and efficient retrieval algorithms. We think that case-based reasoning retrieval concepts and ideas can be successfully applied to software reuse. In this article we propose a metric to assess similarity between software cases supported on functional and behavioral knowledge. One important aspect of this metric is that reusability is taken into account to estimate the amount of effort needed to reuse retrieved software cases. We also present experimental work that shows that similarity at the functional level is the most important aspect of the similarity metric proposed.
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Khong, Dennis W. K. "The peculiar case of property rights in legal clauses." Issues and Perspectives in Business and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/ipbss.2022.2.1.2.
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Despite the tremendous value in well-written legal clauses, legal clauses enjoy little property rights protection under intellectual property law such as copyright. For example, in most jurisdictions, legislation is excluded from copyright protection. And even if they are technically covered under crown copyright as in the United Kingdom, licensing requirements may be waived and there is no legal repercussion for reusing partly or wholly such legal documents. Even in drafting legal agreements, lawyers tend to reuse clauses from templates and precedents. Commonly, sharing of such legal clauses is the norm rather than the exception. This article examines the relevant copyright law in the United Kingdom, the United States and Malaysia on this subject matter. It then looks at the economic justification for the lack of property rights recognition in legal clauses, such as efficiency and public goods argument. High transaction costs may partially account for the absence of property rights, but other economic considerations such as network effect may also be at play.
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Mostafa, H., and H. H. Thörmann. "On-farm evaluation of low-pressure drip irrigation system for smallholders." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/29/2012-swr.
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The aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of a low-pressure drip system (LPS) for three years of service, to calculate the consumptive working time and costs of maintenance and laterals retrieving before harvesting and to determine benefits and problems with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation provides the opportunity to save water and the potential to increase net income by applying water at the right quantity and at the right time. Small to medium fields would benefit from the LPS irrigation system which has the ability to distribute the amount of water applied. LPS is a well-researched system for drip irrigation, typically that available for furrow irrigated crops. There are significant agronomic advantages of using a low-pressure, low-flow drip system. These advantages translate into measured improved distribution uniformity when compared to flood irrigated crops and energy savings compared to flood and sprinkler irrigated crops. The old (reused) drip line leads to a decrease in distribution uniformity and an increase in costs, when the distribution uniformity decreased by 10.5 and 21.6% for reusing the laterals in the second and third year, respectively. Moreover, the cost of repairing laterals was more than 5 and 6.5 times higher for both the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> season. Many disadvantages of drip lines retrieval can be observed, because labour and maintenance are more intensive; there is a risk of mechanical damage to laterals especially if they are reused; increased management skills and experience are needed; and increased retrieval costs arise season after season.
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Lazarova, Valentina, Lucina Equihua, and Alberto Rojas. "Sustainable water management with multi-quality recycled water production: the example of San Luis Potosi in Mexico." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 1 (July 8, 2013): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.006.
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This paper presents and discusses the performance, reliability of operation, socio-economic and environmental aspects and benefits of the Tenorio Project in San Luis Potosi. This is the first project in Mexico making possible the production of multi-quality recycled water for planned water reuse for different purposes, including industrial cooling in a power plant, agricultural irrigation, groundwater restoration and environmental enhancement. Long-term water quality monitoring demonstrated the reliability of operation of the selected treatment trains, which were well adapted to local conditions and the given reuse application. The major challenge was the control of the conductivity and silica content in recycled water for industrial reuse, which needed complementary investigations and the implementation of an additional treatment by ion exchange. The reliable operation of the power plant with recycled water encouraged other industries to explore water reuse as an option, as well as the possibility of improved treatment. Once the main technical and social challenges of the original project were overcome, the project acquired a new dimension with the request of the industrial client to improve water quality by means of reverse osmosis. In return, the power plant proposed giving their right for water withdrawal from the aquifer to the City of San Luis Potosi, allowing thus the availability of freshwater for augmentation of the potable water supply.
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Hu, Yan. "Methods of Reusing the Old Industrial Sites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1793.
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Reuse the old industrial sites is an important way to adjust the structure of city, as well as a right way to preserve the industrial heritages. Four important reusing methods are analyzed, developing industrial heritage tourism on the site, changing the discarded industrial land into a beautiful landscape park, spreading cultural and creative art in the old industrial sites, retaining the industrial usage and attracting different small factories to enter in. Hope the different reusing methods can preserve the old industrial sites and revive the economy.
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Asano, T. "Urban water recycling." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (April 1, 2005): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0232.
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Increasing urbanization has resulted in an uneven distribution of population, industries, and water in urban areas; thus, imposing unprecedented pressures on water supplies and water pollution control. These pressures are exacerbated during the periods of drought and climatic uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to summarize emergence of water reclamation, recycling and reuse as a vital component of sustainable water resources in the context of integrated water resources management in urban and rural areas. Water quality requirements and health and public acceptance issues related to water reuse are also discussed. Reclaimed water is a locally controllable water resource that exists right at the doorstep of the urban environment, where water is needed the most and priced the highest. Closing the water cycle loop not only is technically feasible in agriculture, industries, and municipalities but also makes economic sense. Society no longer has the luxury of using water only once.
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Enimil, Sandra Aya. "Liberating digital collections: Rights review of digital collections at the Ohio State University Libraries." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 10 (November 6, 2020): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.10.490.
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Digital collections serve as one of the many vehicles for cultural heritage institutions to highlight and display digitized material from special and curated collections. Many institutions have long relied on fair use to make digitized content from their collections openly available online. In recent years, after researching collections, some institutions have specifically distinguished public domain content. These institutions took time and resources to enhance their digital collections with rights information. Reassessing and identifying rights status is worth the time and resources because providing this metadata allows visitors to make informed decisions about reuse.
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Damayanti, Astrilia, Sarto Sarto, and Wahyudi Budi Sediawan. "Biohydrogen Production by Reusing Immobilized Mixed Culture in Batch System." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.9.1.37-42.
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Biohydrogen production via dark fermentation is a prospective renewable energy technology. In the process, reused of immobilized mixed culture is very important as their activities greatly influencehydrogen production. The aim of this work was to evaluate the reuse of alginate beads affecting the biohydrogen production for 45 days. This study in batch reactor were performed using glucose 10 M as substrate, alginate and activated carbon as immobilization matrix materials, chicken eggshell as buffer, and cow dung biodigester as mixed culture. Hydrogen and pH on fermentation product are investigated by gas chromatography (GC) technique and pH meter, respectively. The colony diameter on immobilized and co-immobilized mixed culture was observed using optical microscope and colony diameter was measured using Image-Pro Plus Software v4.5.0.29. The surface morphology of immobilization and co-immobilization beads were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the colonies growth observed using optical microscopy or SEM was apparent only in the immobilization of mixed culture. The average growth and diameter of colonies per day were 90 colonies and 0.025 mm, respectively. The weight of beads and pH during the 45-day fermentation process for bead immobilization of mixed culture were 1.32–1.95 g and 6.25–6.62, correspondingly, meanwhile, the co-immobilizations of the mixed culture were 1.735–2.21g and 6.25–6.61, respectively. In addition, the average hydrogen volume of glucose fermented using an eggshell buffer and reusing the immobilization and co-immobilization beads was 18.91 mL for 15 cycles.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
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Steenmans, Katrien, and Rosalind Malcolm. "Transitioning towards circular systems: property rights in waste." Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-03-2020-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that property rights can have on the implementation of circular waste economies, in which waste is reused, recycled or recovered, within the European Union’s Waste Framework Directive. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical lens is applied to the legal definition as well as production and treatment cycle of waste to understand the property rights that can exist in waste. Findings This paper argues that even though different property rights regimes can apply to waste during its creation, disposal and recovery, the waste management regulatory and legal system is currently predominantly set up to support waste within classic forms of private property ownership. This tends towards commodification and linear systems, which are at odds with an approach that treats waste as a primary wanted resource rather than an unwanted by-product. It is recommended that adopting state or communal property approaches instead could affect systemic transformative change by facilitating the reconceptualisation of waste as a resource for everyone to use. Research limitations/implications The property rights issues are only one dimension of a bigger puzzle. The roles of social conceptualisation, norms, regulations and policies in pursuing circular strategies are only touched upon, but not fully explored in this paper. These provide other avenues that can be underpinned by certain property regimes to transition to circular economies. Originality/value The literature focused on property rights in waste has been very limited to date. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to consider this question in detail from a legal perspective.
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Rodríguez, Carolina, Bárbara García, Caterin Pinto, Rafael Sánchez, Jennyfer Serrano, and Eduardo Leiva. "Water Context in Latin America and the Caribbean: Distribution, Regulations and Prospects for Water Reuse and Reclamation." Water 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213589.
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Water scarcity is a problem of global relevance that is affecting more and more people in the world. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have around 35% of the world’s renewable water resources. However, the management of water resources and inequality in access to water has made water scarcity a problem of growing interest in the region. The reuse of water could be an efficient measure to reduce the demand for water resources in the area. In particular, the reuse of greywater is a simple and decentralized method of water reuse, which would mitigate the impact of the lack of water in isolated or difficult-to-access areas. Using the Aquastat database, water consumption in the world and water availability in LAC were studied. In addition, the regulatory framework for water in LAC countries was studied, with an emphasis on water reuse and greywater legislation. Agriculture is one of the most demanding of water in the world, particularly, in LAC, which demands around 70% of renewable water resources. Furthermore, in LAC, the availability of drinking water in rural areas is lacking, with seven countries having less than 80% access to healthy drinking water. The water regulation in LAC is quite heterogeneous. The most general regulation around water is found in the political constitutions of each country. Some constitutions explicitly indicate access to water as a human right, while other constitutions do not include information in this regard. Although some countries have specific regulations on the reuse of wastewater, there is a general lack of regulations related to the reuse of greywater. In most cases, the term “greywater” is not even defined in the general water and wastewater laws. As of the date of this article, only Chile, Peru, and Brazil have bills to regulate the reuse of greywater, of which only the Chilean is approved. The reuse of greywater could help reduce water demand for non-drinking uses. However, the implementation of greywater treatment systems represents a cost that is difficult to cover, especially in the poorest countries of the region. Countries must improve their public policies to improve the management, use and reuse of water to mitigate water scarcity that severely affects human consumption in the region. The relevance of this study lies in providing a general framework of the water situation in LAC for studies and public policies focused on promoting water reuse as a measure to mitigate water scarcity.
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Et al., Chainarong Khaw-ngern. "Zero Waste Management through Mindful Consumption for Sustainable Waste Solution." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.918.
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Due to the population growth, economic expansion, and urbanization, waste becomes a critical problem of societies. Zero waste policies are a great and important way in which local businesses take an interest to preserve our environment. Going zero-waste, however, is a hard and intense process because there are many challenges and hindrances along the path. This article provides an overview of the guiding principles to solid waste management and to look at zero waste management in Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. It also suggests mindful consumption as tool for zero waste management towards sustainability. Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. The result shows that zero waste management needs to be developed step-by-step and it needs involvement of all stakeholders. It can bring economic and environmental benefits to the countries, but it leads to more financial cost of implementation and operation. Mindful consumption, based on Buddhism principle of right mindfulness, is considered a helpful and practical way for everyone to help their communities reduce waste through moderate consumption. With mindfulness, individuals care not only for their own wellbeing, but for others, communities, and environment. They will participate in source separation, reuse, and recycling programs as they realize that conserving environment and reducing the use of natural resource over the life cycle of the service and products can lead their lives more sustainable. The right understanding in the cause and effect of waste can lead people to engage in waste reduction, reuse, and recycling and move towards sustainable waste solution.
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Thylstrup, Nanna Bonde, Kristian Bondo Hansen, Mikkel Flyverbom, and Louise Amoore. "Politics of data reuse in machine learning systems: Theorizing reuse entanglements." Big Data & Society 9, no. 2 (July 2022): 205395172211397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517221139785.
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Policy discussions and corporate strategies on machine learning are increasingly championing data reuse as a key element in digital transformations. These aspirations are often coupled with a focus on responsibility, ethics and transparency, as well as emergent forms of regulation that seek to set demands for corporate conduct and the protection of civic rights. And the Protective measures include methods of traceability and assessments of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ datasets and algorithms that are considered to be traceable, stable and contained. However, these ways of thinking about both technology and ethics obscure a fundamental issue, namely that machine learning systems entangle data, algorithms and more-than-human environments in ways that challenge a well-defined separation. This article investigates the fundamental fallacy of most data reuse strategies as well as their regulation and mitigation strategies that data can somehow be followed, contained and controlled in machine learning processes. Instead, the article argues that we need to understand the reuse of data as an inherently entangled phenomenon. To examine this tension between the discursive regimes and the realities of data reuse, we advance the notion of reuse entanglements as an analytical lens. The main contribution of the article is the conceptualization of reuse that places entanglements at its core and the articulation of its relevance using empirical illustrations. This is important, we argue, for our understanding of the nature of data and algorithms, for the practical uses of data and algorithms and our attitudes regarding ethics, responsibility and regulation.
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Reich, Jennifer. "Testing Fate: Tay-Sachs Disease and the Right to Be Responsible. By Shelley Z. Reuter. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016. Pp. 264. $94.00 (cloth), $27.00 (paper)." American Journal of Sociology 123, no. 2 (September 2017): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/692775.
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Johnson, Katherine M. "Reuter, S. Testing Fate: Tay-Sachs Disease and the Right to be Responsible. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 2016. 288pp. £65 (hbk) £22 (pbk) ISBN 978-0816699964." Sociology of Health & Illness 39, no. 5 (March 20, 2017): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12572.
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Andjelic, L., M. Pavlovic, and B. Babovic. "Features of system for water recirculation in thermal power plant ‘Morava’ on the right bank of River Velika Morava." Water Practice and Technology 8, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2013): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.034.
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The thermal power plant ‘Morava’, with a productive force of 125 MW, is located on the right bank of the River Velika Morava, near the city of Svilajnac, Serbia. This power plant uses coal for production. Ash and slag from the coal are burned and go to a landfill by hydraulic transport. The ratio of the liquid/solid mixture is 10:1. Towards the reduction of water quantity taken from the Velika Morava river for hydraulic transport, it's provided to build a water recirculation system for overflow and drainage water from landfill to power plant. In this paper, the results of the hydraulic study of water balance in landfill is shown. The goal of this study is to assess the water quantity in landfill, which can then be reused for hydraulic transport. For dimensioning of drainage system and overflow building on landfill, it was necessary to perform detailed analysis of rainfall and filtration throw landfill. With results of water quantity in drainage system, and overflow water, all parts of the recirculation system of water, from landfill to power plant, was performed. Also, in this paper are the data of hydraulic transport of mixture of water and ash/slag.
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Spooner, Jane. "A Fragment of Medieval Painting Discovered Next to St Bartholomew the Great, Smithfield." Antiquaries Journal 82 (September 2002): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500073868.
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In 1985, excavations by the Department of Urban Archaeology in Kinghorn Street, adjacent to St Bartholomew the Great, resulted in the discovery of one of the most important pieces of medieval painting to have been found in the City of London (colour plate 1).Discovered in two halves, the painted stone had been reused in a sixteenth- or seventeenth-century well construction immediately to the east of the church. The curved right edge of the stone probably derives from this secondary usage. When found, the two pieces were covered in lime mortar, to which, unfortunately, some of the paint layer transferred. The fragment is now in the Museum of London, where the two halves have been rejoined and other conservation work has been undertaken.
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Wei, Xiaobo. "Smart Mobile Information Systems on the Key Systems of Blockchain Privacy Protection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (June 25, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5126326.
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In the process of data collaboration, the data source copyright, equity boundaries, and other issues must be ensured to ensure the data owner’s income rights. The data on the blockchain are transaction data. After the data are verified, they are added to the block by the node that has the right to keep accounts. Once the data are added to the blockchain, they cannot be deleted or changed, and only authorized query operations can be performed. The transaction records on the blockchain are completely public, and the fund transactions between accounts can reflect a lot of valuable information, especially some special accounts track the IP of transaction users through methods such as address reuse, taint analysis, and cluster analysis. At the same time, a credit contribution certification mechanism is established to ensure that the contributions are directly proportional to the rewards, and finally, a credit mechanism for data fraud is established. This paper mainly analyzes the key systems of privacy protection through research data and blockchain. The research results show that different companies conduct the Pailler homomorphic encryption of data and use the secure multiparty calculation to obtain the results. The execution of the whole process is controlled by a specific intelligent contract, and the records of the execution process are stored in the blockchain. It can be seen that the blockchain-based data distribution system changes the traditional data distribution mode so that the data source and the data user can interact directly, which promotes the maintenance of the system’s security and stability.
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Ruiz, Francisco Javier Durán. "Smart Cities, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Respect for the European Union Data Protection Rules." European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 2 (August 15, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/619jkp27w.
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The importance of cities and their populations grow more and more, as well as the need to apply ICT in their management to reduce their environmental impact and improve the services they offer to their citizens. Hence the concept of smart city arises, a transformation of urban spaces that the European Union is strongly promoting which is largely based on the use of data and its treatment using Big data and Artificial Intelligence techniques based in algorithms. For the development of smart cities it is basic, from a legal point of view, EU rules about open data and the reuse of data and the reconciliation of the massive processing of citizens' data with the right to privacy, non-discrimination and protection of personal data. The use of Big data and AI needed for the development of smart city projects requires a particular respect to data protection regulations. In this sense, the research explores in depth the specific hazards of vulnerating this fundamental right in the framework of smart cities due to the use of Big Data and AI.
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Bharagavi, S., and Banuprathap Pv. "System capacity improvement by on demand channel allocation in Femto and macro cell networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.9 (March 1, 2018): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.10005.
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Entire arrangement progress femtocells characterize a right likely response to the constantly increasing transmission constrain demand of adaptable areas. They could be clearly passed on without requesting a focal expecting to pass on the high information speed orchestrate through aim perfect scope. The Femtocells are low power, actuallesser and cost in real cell base district utilized in the inside condition. Regardless, the impact of the Femtocells is the introduction of the straight Macrocell structure indications impediment issue among the Femtocells also earlier Macrocellsby strategy for they can part of the similar approved rehash run. The Frequency Reuse is a centrality of sending the rehash supply distribution upon station's place to recuperate framework limit. This paper, a fit strategy to develop structure restrict through inter vent ionorganization in the current Femto Macro 2layer systems has been planned. In the planned system, a original rehash saving for 2layersthe cell organizes by systems for rehash reuse technique is utilized wherever Macro base placesallot rehash sub-groups portrayed out for the Femtocells operators on demand based one the Femtocells base places toward stop impedance.
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Zimou, Omar, Badr Malek, Achraf Elhallaoui, Tourya Ghailane, Rachida Ghailane, Said Boukhris, Nouzha Habbadi, Amina Hassikou, and Abdelaziz Souizi. "Valorization of the Phosphate Fertilizers Catalytic Activity in 1-(Benzothiazolylamino) Methyl-2-Naphthol Derivatives Synthesis." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.2.2976.238-246.
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The present work focused on developing a new protocol of the 1-(benzothiazolylamino) methyl-2-naphthol derivatives synthesis by condensation of three compounds, i.e. aromatic 2-naphthol, 2-aminobenzothiazole and aldehyde. Furthermore, this reaction was carried out in the presence of three heterogeneous phosphate catalysts: monoammonium phosphates (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and trisuperphosphate (TSP). Moreover, this method offered many advantages, such as: very high yields, shorter reaction times, and the catalysts, can be easily recovered and reused without any loss of their catalytic activities. Copyright ©2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
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Kirsh, Nurit. "Shelley Z. Reuter. Testing Fate: Tay-Sachs Disease and the Right to Be Responsible. 264 pp., figs., bibl., index. Minneapolis/London: University of Minnesota Press, 2016. $27 (paper)." Isis 109, no. 1 (March 2018): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/696601.
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Klikauer, Thomas, and Kathleen Webb Tunney. "Germany's Secret Service Investigates the Alternative for Germany." German Politics and Society 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370204.
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By the end of 2018, Germany’s secret service, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz) started composing a report on Germany’s most notorious right-wing political party, the Alternative for Germany (AfD). In January 2019, one of the authors asked Germany’s secret service to supply this report but was told “It’s secret.” On 28 January 2019, a short note even noted: “We will not send the document.” On the very same day, Netzpolitik.org posted the entire report online—all 436 pages of it. Netzpolitik.org stated: “We make the report available because open debate is vital in a democracy… and because it destroys the AfD’s fairy-tale of being a normal political party.” In their introduction, Netzpolitik’s Andre Meister, Anna Biselli, and Markus Reuter, who published the report, also emphasize: “We make the report available because the secret service believes ‘parts of the AfD violate Germany’s constitutional guarantee that human dignity is inviolable.”’ Netzpolitik.org is convinced that Germans have a right to know. Reading through the report one hardly finds evidence that would justify secrecy. Instead, it is a valid report written by a German state agency tasked with defending the Basic Law (Grundgesetz) concerning a political party.
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Ohaegbulam, Chima, Craig Peters, and Liliana Goumnerova. "Multiple Successful Revisions of a Ventriculoureteral Shunt without Nephrectomy for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus: Case Report." Neurosurgery 55, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): E1027—E1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000137282.95157.95.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Ventriculoureteral shunts have been described occasionally for patients with complicated hydrocephalus. Repeated successful revision of the distal end of such a shunt has not been reported previously. We report a case in which this was achieved. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 21-year-old woman with long-standing hydrocephalus, numerous prior shunt revisions and failures, and several distal shunt sites was shunted successfully into her right ureter. INTERVENTION: On two occasions, proximal shunt infections required shunt externalization, and the distal end was reinserted successfully into the same distal ureter both times. The patient recovered well from surgery with no clinical evidence of shunt malfunction. CONCLUSION: Multiple distal target failures are an unusual but difficult problem in patients with hydrocephalus. Ventriculoureteral shunts without nephrectomy should be considered, and they can be reused successfully if necessary.
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Adu, Kofi Koranteng, Luyande Dube, and Emmanuel Adjei. "Digital preservation." Library Hi Tech 34, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-07-2016-0078.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which digital preservation facilitate the implementation of electronic government, open data and the right to information. Design/methodology/approach A case study research which chronicles the link between transparency and data availability. It makes use of a theoretical framework based on the open archival information system to analyse, explain, clarify and justify the application of open data, electronic government and the right to information. Findings The paper argued that e-government, open data and the RTI will remain elusive if a digital preservation infrastructure is not pursued. Within the context of e-government, the paper adumbrated that government agencies can incorporate e-government legislations into their digital preservation activities, precisely because the relationship between digital preservation and e-government have always been symbiotic. It alluded to the fact that an obligation will be placed on all public authorities and private agencies covered by the RTL law to create, keep and organise an effective and efficient system of record keeping, so as to give meaning to the right to information when citizens apply for information. Practical implications Future research should examine closely the implication of open data government within the context of digital preservation. Whilst digital preservation looks forward to the longevity of digital records and its accessibility, open data focusses on the utility of these records through online services, reuse and distribution for the purposes of transparency and citizens’ participation. Originality/value The application of digital preservation to open data in this paper appears to be more relevant at a time when most governments of the world are striving to obtain data to fight poverty, achieve universal primary education, fight HIV and foster maternal health. Its originality can further be established from the symbiotic relationship between digital preservation and electronic government, open data and the right to information.