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1
Stefanie, Stefanie, and Loh Wenny Setiawati. "PENGARUH NET PROFIT MARGIN, ARUS KAS OPERASI DAN REPUTASI AUDITOR TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR PERIODE 2014-2017." AJAR 2, no. 02 (September 10, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v2i02.79.
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Investments are made by investors to get a return. Return is a profit of an investment. Stock Return has a significant effect in determining the value of company’s stock. Investors will be interested to invest in companies with a high return. This research aimed to analysis the effect of net profit margin, operating cash flow and auditor reputation for the period 2014 – 2016 to stock return for the period 2015 – 2017 on manufacturing companies that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Net profit margin is calculated by using net income after tax divided by total net sales for the period from audited financial statements. This research used secondary data which is from financial reports with purposive sampling. Research sample counted 55 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2014 – 2017.
The results of this research showed that net profit margin and auditor reputation do not have a significant effect on stock return while operating cash flow has a significant effect on stock return.
2
Myniv, R. M. "Methodical approaches to the assessment of investment attractiveness of agricultural enterprises." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 93 (November 16, 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9313.
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Evaluation of investment efficiency is central to the process of justifying and selecting possible options for investing in investment projects, and is therefore a key to successful implementation of investment activities of agricultural enterprises. The main directions of financing of investment projects of agricultural enterprises are: purchase or construction of unfinished construction objects, new construction, expansion of existing enterprises, reconstruction of existing enterprises and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises. Two main groups of methods of assessing the cost-effectiveness of investment projects have become most widespread: static and dynamic. Static methods involve the calculation of indicators based on undiscounted cash flows. Dynamic methods, on the contrary, take into account the change in the value of money over time and imply bringing the values of all cash flows to the same period by discounting or compounding. Dynamic methods for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects include the following basic methods that rely on most modern Ukrainian enterprises, such as net present value cash flow (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (DPP) and project profitability index (PI). On their basis the basic methods of selection of investment projects of agricultural enterprises are formed. Net Present Value (NPV) calculation. is based on comparing what will be invested in the future with what is invested now. The Profitabale Index (PI) is directly related to net present value and is defined as the ratio of the discounted cash flow to initial investment. The IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is the discount rate at which the projected cash inflows are equal to the project's discounted cash flows. As indicators of the effect in calculating the overall efficiency of investments, it is advisable to use changes in the following values of growth: revenue from the sale of enterprise products; gross income; profit before tax; net profit; cash flow; clean products. Gross and net investment should be included in the costs. The use of qualitative methods in investment analysis is due to the following reasons: the subjectivity of the phenomena or characteristics studied; lack or lack of necessary information; inability to analyze objective and acceptable methods; lack of research object (to be created during project implementation). Quantitative methods for evaluating agricultural investment projects include methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, as well as economic and statistical methods.
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PARTHASARATHY, V. R. PERRY. "Managing uncertainty: A case for using real options with option pricing model (OPM) to evaluate capital investment." TAPPI Journal 12, no. 7 (August 1, 2013): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.7.69.
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The pulp and paper industry relies heavily on the traditional discounted cash flow-based net present value (DCF-NPV) for making capital investment decisions. The deficiency of the DCF-NPV model is that it is static; once a pattern of cash flow is established, management does not have the option to change the direction when new information is available. However, flexibility to alter the investment decision is a powerful strategic and capital investment tool. Abundant research has established strong precedence for applications of “real options” in operational and strategic settings to provide useful insights in the evaluation of irreversible investments under uncertainty. The binomial or Black-Scholes option pricing model (OPM) for strategic planning and capital investment has been used in many other industries but not in the pulp and paper industry. The pulp and paper industry, though very capital intensive, has provided poor to moderate return on investment or return on capital and has never used the OPM and the flexibility it offers for capital investment decisions. This paper makes a case for using OPM for capital investment decisions by using the example of a hypothetical North American mill considering investments to modernize its papermaking operation.
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Putri, Sefka Anggraini, Reni Oktavia, and Widya Rizki Eka Putri. "Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Rate of Return (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2014-2018 )." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 25, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jak.v25i2.136.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of financial performance on the rate of return. The indicators used to measure financial performance are return on investment, net profit margin, earnings per share, operating cash flow, economic value added. This study uses secondary data with a population of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2014-2018. The method used to determine the sample using purposive sampling. Consists of 19 industrial mining companies with 56 samples. The analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of hypothesis testing show that the Return on Investment (ROI) has no significant effect on the Rate of Return (ROR), Net Profit Margin (NPM) has significant effect on the Rate of Return (ROR), Earning Per Share (EPS) has no significant effect on the Rate of Return (ROR), Operating Cash Flow(OCF) has no significant effect on the Rate of Return (ROR), Economic Value Added (EVA) has no significant effect on the Rate of Return (ROR)
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Zinkhan, F. Christian. "The Term Structure of Interest Rates and the Evaluation of Forestry Investments: A Note." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.4.256.
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Abstract The forestry literature generally assumes that the appropriate discount rate to be used in the estimation of a given investment's net present value is the same over its lifetime. However, the values of many alternative investments such as stocks and bonds often reflect term structures that are not flat. That is, the relationship between the number of years to maturity of an investment and that investment's required rate of return is often a significant consideration. This note suggests a procedure for incorporating a consideration of the term structure of interest rates into the determination of a discount rate specific to each annual net cash flow associated with a given long-term forestry investment. Using an actual 10-year case analysis, it was found that the valuation of a timberland tract varied by approximately 11%, depending upon whether or not the term structure of interest rates was recognized. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):256-258.
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Bouillon, Marvin L., B. Michael Doran, and Peter F. Orazem. "Human Capital Investment Effects On Firm Returns." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 12, no. 1 (September 12, 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v12i1.5834.
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This paper demonstrates that two measures of firm investment in specific human capital are significantly and positively correlated with long-term rates of return on investment. The final sample of 260 firms is a subset of the 805 firms included in the June 1984 edition of Forbes survey of executive compensation. We utilize two proxies for firm return-net income and cash flow. The return measures are scaled by both book value of total assets and market value of common stock yielding four alternative specifications of the rate of return measure. The firm investment in specific human capital measures are generally found to be significant explanatory variables in the regressions that have returns scaled by book value of assets. These measures of investment are insignificant when market value of common stock outstanding is used to scale the return measures. We interpret these findings to imply that a public or regulatory policy needs to be established to require firms to include at least some basic rudimentary information regarding their human capital investment, such as turnover rates and training cots, in their annual reports.
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De Albornoz, Vicente, Antonio Galera, and Juan Millán. "Is It Correct to Use the Internal Rate of Return to Evaluate the Sustainability of Investment Decisions in Public Private Partnership Projects?" Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124371.
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Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are viewed by the private sector as investment projects. An investment criterion, such as the internal rate of return (IRR), widely used by practitioners, is thus necessary in order to determine if the opportunity is sustainable from an economic point of view and worth pursuing. However, a cash flow may have multiple IRRs—is it appropriate in the context of PPPs to use this criterion? This paper provides a clear proposition to determine the potential number of real positive IRRs a cash flow may have, depending on the number of sign variations and the value of the net present value (NPV) calculated with a discount rate equal to 0 (NPV(r = 0)). This proposition can sometimes be used when other tests (such as Norstrom’s Criterion) are inconclusive to determine if a cash flow has a single real positive IRR. The proposition is generally met by the typical cash flow of a PPP project, validating the use of IRR as an investment criterion.
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Kulakov, Nikolay, and Anastasia Blaset Kastro. "Evaluation of Financial Instruments Possessing Non-Conventional Cash Flow." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 12, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.12.2.2018.7-17.
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Investments are often justified and accepted based on the IRR as the main criterion of profitability. However, that criterion is hardly ever used to evaluate some financial instruments (e.g. short sales, options, futures and swaps). This is partially due to the fact that some instruments possess a cash flow describing a borrowing rather than an investment. Others have a non-conventional cash flow and, consequently, the IRR may be meaningless or impossible to determine. We describe a non-conventional cash flow of a financial instrument as a non-conventional project consisting of a sequence of single-period (simple) projects. Each simple project has only two cash flows with opposite signs therefore the IRR for the simple project is always determined. If there is a decomposition in which each simple project has the same IRR value, then that value is the IRR of the non-conventional project. If a decomposition of the non-conventional project into simple projects with the same IRR is impossible, the non-conventional project’s IRR does not exist. If a simple project is an investment then the IRR is a rate of return for an investor. If a simple project is a loan then the IRR is an interest rate for the borrower, but not for the investor. Therefore the NPV method estimates a non-conventional project for two different participants simultaneously that leads to problems with definition of IRR. In order the loan’s IRR would be a rate of return for the investor, but not an interest rate for the borrower, the sign of IRR should be replaced to opposite one. The paper discusses how to use the Generalized Net Present Value (GNPV) method to calculate a yield of the financial instrument with non-conventional cash flow. The function GNPV(r, p) depends on two rates: finance and reinvestment ones that determine a cost of funding and a rate of return, respectively. The equation GNPV (r, -r) = 0 is investigated in the paper. The solution of that equation is the Generalized Average Rate of Return (GARR). We suggest using the GARR as a new measure of a yield for evaluating financial instruments possessing a non-conventional cash flow and estimating a portfolio’s performance over period with contributions and withdrawals.
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Nuraidi, Tomy Aji. "Capital Budgeting pada Proyek Teknologi 5G." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 5, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v5i2.11181.
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The development of digital business and internet technology in the telecommunications industry in Indonesia became a challenge for telecommunications companies, one of which is PT. Telkom Tbk. One study of the strategies that the author carefully regarding the analysis of Capital Budgeting on the 5th Generation (5G) technology project on PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. and PT Telkomsel Tbk that using the cost benefit method. This study aims to provide a capital budgeting analysis to develop 5G network investment in Indonesia and assess investment feasibility. By using Payback Period calculation, Net Cash Flow and Internal Rate of Return can be identified the potential investment feasibility based on the value of the calculation and then the investment feasibility can be compared. The results show that the calculation of the payback period yields a value of 1.63 years. Whereas the calculation of net present value yields a value of Rp. 189,267 Trillion. For the average rate of return method, the ARR value is 1490.96%. Based on this value, it can be obtained that the 5G network investment project is feasible to be carried out by PT Telkom Tbk and PT Telkomsel companies. Perkembangan bisnis digital dan teknologi internet pada industry telekomunikasi di Indonesia menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi perusahaan telekomunikasi salah satunya PT. Telkom Tbk. Salah satu kajian strategi yang penulis teliti mengenai analisis Capital Budgeting pada proyek teknologi 5 th Generation (5G) PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. dan PT Telkomsel Tbk dengan menggunakan metode cost benefit. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan analisis capital budgeting guna mengembangkan investasi jaringan 5G di negara Indonesia dan menilai kelayakan investasi. Dengan menggunakan perhitungan Payback Period, Net Cash Flow dan Internal Rate of Return dapat diidentifikasi potensi kelayakan investasi berdasarkan nilai perhitungan tersebut dan selanjutnya dapat dibandingakan kelayakan investasi. Hasil menunjukkan untuk perhitungan payback period menghiasilkan nilai 1.63 tahun. Sedangkan perhitungan net present value menghasilkan nilai RP 189.267 Triliun. Untuk metode average rate of return nilai ARR adalah 1490,96%. Dengan berdasarkan nilai tersebut dapat diperoleh bahwa proyek investasi jaringan 5G layak dilakuakn perusahaan PT Telkom Tbk dan PT Telkomsel.
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Kulakov, Nikolay, and Anastasia Blaset Kastro. "Evaluation of Financial Instruments Possessing Non-Conventional Cash Flow." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.12.2.2018.131-141.
Full textAbstract:
Investments are often justified and accepted based on the IRR as the main criterion of profitability. However, that criterion is hardly ever used to evaluate certain financial instruments (e.g. short sales, options, futures and swaps). This is partially due to the fact that some instruments possess a cash flow describing a borrowing rather than an investment. Other instruments have a non-conventional cash flow and, consequently, the IRR may be meaningless or impossible to determine. We may describe a non-conventional cash flow of a financial instrument as a non-conventional project consisting of a sequence of single-period (simple) projects. Each simple project has only two cash flows with opposite signs, therefore the IRR for the simple project is always determinable. If a functional decomposition is applied in which each simple project is shown to have the same IRR value, then that value is the IRR of the non-conventional project. However, where a decomposition of the non-conventional project into simple projects with the same IRR is impossible, the non-conventional project's IRR does not exist. If a simple project is an investment, then the IRR is a rate of return for an investor. If a simple project is a loan, then the IRR is an interest rate for the borrower, but not for the investor. Therefore, the NPV method is seen to estimate a non-conventional project for two different participants simultaneously, which leads to problems with the definition of the IRR. In order that the loan's IRR would be a rate of return for the investor, but not an interest rate for the borrower, the sign of the IRR should be replaced with the opposite one.
This paper discusses how to use the Generalized Net Present Value (GNPV) method to calculate a yield of a financial instrument with a non-conventional cash flow. The function GNPV(r, p) depends on two rates: a finance rate and a reinvestment rate, which determine a cost of funding and a rate of return, respectively. The equation GNPV (r, -r) = 0 is investigated in the paper. The solution of that equation is the Generalized Average Rate of Return (GARR).
We suggest using the GARR as a new measure of a yield for evaluating financial instruments possessing a non-conventional cash flow and estimating a portfolio's performance over time with contributions and withdrawals.
11
Terceño, Antonio, Jorge de Andrés, Glòria Barberà, and Tomás Lorenzana. "Using Fuzzy Set Theory to Analyse Investments and Select Portfolios of Tangible Investments in Uncertain Environments." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 11, no. 03 (June 2003): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488503002077.
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This paper shows how Fuzzy Set Theory can be used in investment analysis when, as usual, these investments are developed under uncertainty, i.e. the investor has only subjective estimates based on his experience or knowledge about the future cash-flows of the investments, the discount rate, etc. In particular, we will develop basic concepts for investment analysis as the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return by assuming that the initial data are fuzzy numbers. Later we will analyse how to rank investments and how to select the tangible investment portfolios when the magnitudes are estimated subjectively by comparing fuzzy numbers and with possibilistic mathematical programming.
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Rajkumar, Aditya Vikram, and Jeffrey Williams. "Managing a Firm's Cash Flow Recovery Strategy." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2012010102.
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Traditional cash flow estimation techniques focus on generating net cash flow estimates period-by-period, which are then discounted by the firm’s cost of capital. While conceptually strong, this aggregation approach can be insensitive to the fine-grained detail so important to managing project cash flows, in particular, that investment returns are always a combination of growth (renewal) and decline (convergence) forces at work over the firm's life. As is demonstrated in this paper, the aggregation problem can be addressed by employing a cash flow recovery period (CFRP) framework, which distinguishes and quantifies the renewal and convergence forces unique to each firm's project cash flows. The benefit of this more fine-grained approach is that it provides an additional level of detail that can be used to manage firm returns.
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Maldonado, Mayra, and Michael Corbey. "Social Return on Investment (SROI): a review of the technique." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 90, no. 3 (March 11, 2016): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.90.31266.
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There is an increasing need and request from society to account for the social, economic, and environmental value that results from organizational activities. This trend has led organizations to initiatives like, e.g., Integrated Reporting (IR) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Nevertheless, at the level of investment projects, the focus of traditional investment appraisal techniques (like, e.g., Net Present Value) is still on future quantifiable operational cash flow after tax. Social or environmental effects of the investment are often not included in the calculation because these effects are typically hard to quantify. Social Return on Investment (SROI) is an investment appraisal technique that is explicitly designed to include these social and environmental effects into the project assessment. In this contribution, the SROI technique is introduced and reviewed. Results from literature, and interviews with four experts indicate that SROI has strong points. However, there is still room for improvement in areas like capacity (and experience) building, verification of the projects, and in fine-tuning of the technique itself.
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Yanuarti, Ika, and Helena Dewi. "Startup Bisnis Sebagai Alaternatif Investasi." ULTIMA Management 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/manajemen.v10i2.979.
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Abstract
The main purpose of the investment activity is to obtain profits for both the company and the investor. To generate profits for investors, the company requires initial capital to manage its operational to do business. In general, investors will make investment decisions based on the intrinsic value of the company or based on the growth of the company’s profitability from the previous period. To measure those reference, investors needs historical data of financial reports as a baseline to calculate and for comparison. The barriers for startup companies are the lack or unavailability of historical financial data due to the age of startups more likely in the early stages (less than or equal to one year).
This research uses the method of discounted cash flows based on the company's financial report. The rates of return to discount the cashflow are based on return from real assets, such as gold and property and stock price as financial asset.
The result shows that the company is good enough to be one of investment alternative since its net present value is positive for all rate of return and its payback period is relatively short.
Key words Discounted Cash flow, Intrinsic Value, Startup Company, Angel Investors
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Pranee, Supattra. "MEASUREMENT DESIGN FOR SME’S BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN BANGKOK." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 3(10) (June 15, 2018): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.3(10).2018.07-12.
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This research study is dedicated to measurement design for SMEs business performance in Bangkok. The objective was to create some sort of a metrics for assessing the performance of SMEs in Bangkok. This is a documentary research since it is using secondary data. Analysis and synthesis methods were used in relation to the obtained information so that to come up with a measurement of business performance for SMEs operating in the city of Bangkok. Our research results found that the innovation management model of SMEs is usually composed of 3 structural elements: 1. Finance, 2. Customers, and 3. Stakeholders. Further, 1. The structural element of Finance is composed of the following indicators: 1). Growth revealed through increased sales, market share, profit growth; 2) Return, namely 2.1) Return on assets, 2.2) Return rate for shareholders, 2.3). Average return on sale, and 3) Cash flow as 3.1) Net cash flow, 3.2) Cash flow from sales, 3.3) Inventory turnover. 2. The structural element called Customer is measured through the following indicators: 2.1) Satisfaction of customers with product delivery meeting Terms and Conditions of agreements, 2.2) Satisfaction of customers with a company as compared to competitors, 2.3) Satisfaction of customers with competitive position this company has already received. 3.The structural element of Stakeholder is measured through the following indicators and their parameters: 3.1) Employees and how they are satisfied with returns, 3.2) Return on investment and returns for shareholders when compared to the previous 3-year period, 3.3) Service quality in its dynamics, 3.4) Number of third parties (distributors) involved and how it increases with every new year, 3.5) Activities’ arrangements as responding to society’s or community’s needs, including company’s environmental responsibility.
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Park, Jin, Hyunseok Kim, and Jungwon Suh. "Korean Firms’ Share Repurchase Activities: Firm Characteristics, Financing and Investment." Korean Journal of Financial Studies 49, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 643–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26845/kjfs.2020.10.49.5.643.
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This study examines Korean listed firms’ share repurchasing activities over the period 2006~2016 using the amount of net share repurchases from annual statements of cash flow. Korean firms use dividends rather than share repurchases as their primary payout method. Each year, the proportion of share repurchasing firms is lower than 20%, whereas the proportion of dividend-paying firms is around 70% or higher. Univariate analysis and Tobit regressions reveal that the incidence and amount of share repurchases increase with firm value, size, and cash flow. Our findings do not suggest that low valuations (or poor stock performance) or low debt ratios motivate share repurchases. Korean firms use primarily internal funds to finance share repurchases, as share repurchasing firms experience substantial increases in retained earnings. Share repurchasing firms do not invest less than other firms do, suggesting that share repurchases do not result in underinvestment. Compared to dividends, share repurchases are more positively associated with firm value. Compared to share repurchase, dividends are more positively associated with cash flow and financial maturity, but more negatively associated with stock return volatility. Finally, firms with high controlling shareholders’ ownership tend to choose dividends over share repurchases in their payout policy.
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Vanickova, Radka. "Innovation Corporate Energy Management: Efficiency of Green Investment." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 2 (2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.2-04.
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The main purpose of the research is to assess the corporate energy efficiency of investment subsidies with or without the possibility of drawing on subsidies or without support from the Operational Program Enterprise and Innovation. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problém is processed according to the methodology of the Operational Program Enterprise and Innovation, Eco-energy program indicates the comparison with real and expected savings of energy concerning the corporate energy efficiency of investment subsidies provided to maintain the principles of EU environmental policy and rules for subsidies on a general level in the Czech Republic, complemented by graph illustration of time series of development of sales in the horizon of the years 2011-2015. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the provision of subsidies from European climate protection funds can contribute to energy savings and air quality. Investigation of the topic within a methodical survey is processed by the research of Czech and foreign scientific literature in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: is the creation of a graph and tables taking into account investments and implemented measures with the evaluation of investment efficiency. Methodological tools of the research methods were the comparison was made between the Eco-energy and Potential subsidy programs. The object of research is the chosen company in the South Bohemia region in manufacturing in the Czech Republic plant with 480 employees because namely an annual turnover of CZK 520 million in 2015. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of statistical data, documents, and databases of state and private institutions, particularly the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry for Regional Development, and the Czech Invest Agency. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the net present value, which expresses the total present value of the cash flows related to the investment project, the simple and the real-time of return on investments, and the internal rate of return is significant to efficiency. The results of the research can be useful to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save electricity, and thermal energy. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the net present value, which expresses the total present value of the cash flows related to the investment project, the simple and the real-time of return on investments, and the internal rate of return is essential for efficiency. Keywords: EU environmental policy, structural funds, operational program enterprise and innovation, corporate energy efficiency, investment subsidies, net present value.
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Fairfield, Patricia M., J. Scott Whisenant, and Teri Lombardi Yohn. "Accrued Earnings and Growth: Implications for Future Profitability and Market Mispricing." Accounting Review 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.1.353.
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Prior research reveals that the accrual component of profitability is less persistent than the cash flow component, and that investors fail to fully appreciate their differing implications for future profitability (Sloan 1996). However, accruals are a component of growth in net operating assets as well as a component of profitability. Just as we can disaggregate profitability into accruals and cash flows from operations, we can disaggregate growth in net operating assets into accruals and growth in long-term net operating assets. We find that, after controlling for current profitability, both components of growth in net operating assets—accruals and growth in long-term net operating assets—have equivalent negative associations with one-year-ahead return on assets. This result is consistent with conservative accounting and diminishing marginal returns on investments. We also find that, after controlling for current profitability, the market appears to equivalently overvalue accruals and growth in long-term net operating assets relative to their association with one-year-ahead ROA. Our evidence suggests that the accrual anomaly documented in Sloan (1996) is a special case of what could be viewed as a more general growth anomaly.
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Baral, Srijana, Yanshu Li, and Bin Mei. "Financial Effects of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners: A Comparative Study for 10 Southern States of the United States." Journal of Forestry 118, no. 6 (August 11, 2020): 584–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa032.
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Abstract Changes in tax codes applicable to timberland investments can affect tax treatment of timber revenues and expenses. The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is regarded as the most expansive overhaul of tax codes in the United States since 1986; however, our understanding of its effects on timberland investments for family forest owners has yet to be explored. Using the discounted cash-flow method, we estimated and compared effects of TCJA on land expectation value (LEV) and net tax from managing timberland for two classifications of median-income family forest owners in 10 southern states. Results showed a decrease in LEV and net tax for both material participants and investors, with a greater effect on landowners managing timberland as investments. Thus, owning timberland can become less beneficial under the current law for median-income family forest landowners. Study Implications: Family forests occupy a large portion of the total forest area in the United States and provide various goods and services to society. Taxes and tax policies are regarded as important issues for these landowners because policies could ultimately influence timberland investment, ownership structure, and management activities. After the 2017 tax reform, landowners became concerned about the effect of the new act on profitability and financial return from timberland investment. Here, we attempt to provide a better understanding of tax effects by estimating change in net benefit of owning and managing timberland under the current law compared with the previous law in 10 southern states. For policymakers, this study can provide insight into the importance of considering unique characteristics of timberland investment during the tax policy design and evaluation process. For landowners, this study can facilitate the timberland investment decisionmaking process and serve as a guide to the effects of the new tax rules on returns.
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Carpio, Carlos E., Charles D. Safley, and E. Barclay Poling. "Estimated Costs and Investment Analysis of Producing and Harvesting Muscadine Grapes in the Southeastern United States." HortTechnology 18, no. 2 (January 2008): 308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.2.308.
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This study estimates and compares the production costs and profitability of muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifilia) production under the single-wire (SW) and the Geneva double curtain (GDC) trellis systems with and without drip irrigation. Profitability analysis revealed that muscadine grape production can be a profitable venture. Irrigated muscadine grape vineyards were shown to be more profitable than nonirrigated vineyards. The comparison of the GDC trellis system and the SW trellis system indicates that the GDC trellis system is more profitable. Returns to land and management from muscadine grapes grown under the GDC system were found to be less sensitive to changes in prices and yields than the returns from muscadine grapes grown under the SW trellis system. Net returns from irrigated systems were also found to be less sensitive to variations in prices and yields than nonirrigated systems. The estimated total costs of establishing (Years 0–3) a muscadine grape vineyard were between $9783/acre and $15,065/acre depending on the production system used. For the GDC production system, which was the most profitable production system, the estimated return to land and management was $447/acre. Cash flow analysis demonstrated that the payback period for this system can be achieved in the 10th year, whereas the net present value of the investment was estimated at $4484 and the internal rate of return was estimated at 9.6%.
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Khoir, Misbahul. "Nilai Waktu Dari Uang Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." JES (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah) 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2016): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jes.v1i1.5.
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The time value of money is associated with the current value and future value because the money received now is more worth than the money received in the future. However, is the concept of time value of money is appropriate and justified by the Shari'ah? The time value of money is a concept that says that the money of the one rupiah that can be received today is more worth than one rupiah which will be received in the future time. The concept of time value of money is needed by financial managers in making decision when will invest in an asset and determine the source of loan funds that will be chosen. Methods for the time value of money pervade; a) the method of average rate of return. This method measures the level of profit gained by an investment. The disadvantage of this method is ignoring the time value of money; b) the payback period method. The method measures how fast the investment return is, the sooner the better; c) method of net present value (NPV). This method calculates quarrel between the current value of investment and the present value of net cash receipts in the future and calculates quarrel between the present value of cash outflow (investment) and cash inflow (income) per year; d) profitability index method (PI). This method calculates ratio between the present value of net cash receipts in the future and the present value of the investment; and e) the methods of internal rate of return (IRR). If IRR > saving or profit required → decent. Islam views money as a flow concept. Money must rotate in an economy and may not be idle for too long time. Moreover, it lets for years. Islam does not recognize the method of time value of money because this method adds value to money solely with increasing time and not effort. Islam actually knows the money value of time; that is the time has economic value as well as the money value of money. Imam Nawawi provides definition related to value addition for money based solely on the value of time is the category of riba.
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Zakiyah, Tuti. "Metode Penilaian Investasi dengan Analisis Sensitivitas Pada Pendirian UMKM Premier Crepes." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 7, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v7i2.194.
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ABSTRACTThe main purpose of the investment is to earn a profit or a high rate of return. That is, no investor wants to lose even loss of funds or capital that has been invested in certain instruments. Well, to make no mistake in taking investment decisions, obligatory for investors to conduct investment feasibility analysis. Investment feasibility can not be judged solely on the basis of assumptions or beliefs, but must be analyzed in depth from various aspects. Without careful consideration, investing is like buying a cat in a sack. That is, investors do not know clearly whether the investment is profitable or not. Sensivitas analysis is an analysis conducted to determine the effect of changes in production parameters on changes in production system performance in generating profit. By conducting a sentiment analysis then the likely effect of these changes can be known and anticipated beforehand. An approach based on the Cash flow concept of Payback Period Method, Net Present Value (NPV) Method and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method. Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return or Minimum Atractive Rate of Return (MARR). MARR is the minimum rate of return on an investment that a brave investor would undertake.Keywords : NPV, IRR, MARR, sensitivity.
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Zakiyah, Tuti. "Metode Penilaian Investasi dengan Analisis Sensitivitas Pada Pendirian UMKM “Premier Crepes”." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 7, no. 2 (November 17, 2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v7i2.273.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of the investment is to earn a profit or a high rate of return. That is, no investor wants to lose even loss of funds or capital that has been invested in certain instruments. Well, to make no mistake in taking investment decisions, obligatory for investors to conduct investment feasibility analysis. Investment feasibility can not be judged solely on the basis of assumptions or beliefs, but must be analyzed in depth from various aspects. Without careful consideration, investing is like buying a cat in a sack. That is, investors do not know clearly whether the investment is profitable or not. Sensivitas analysis is an analysis conducted to determine the effect of changes in production parameters on changes in production system performance in generating profit. By conducting a sentiment analysis then the likely effect of these changes can be known and anticipated beforehand. An approach based on the Cash flow concept of Payback Period Method, Net Present Value (NPV) Method and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method. Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return or Minimum Atractive Rate of Return (MARR). MARR is the minimum rate of return on an investment that a brave investor would undertake.Keywords : NPV, IRR, MARR, sensitivity.
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Ching (USA), Hugh, Chien Yi Lee (China), and Benjamin Li (Canada). "From P/E Ratio to Fuzzy Infinite Spreadsheet—Mathematically Rigorous Derivations of the Zeroth and the First Order Solutions of Rate of Return." Journal of Research in Philosophy and History 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): p7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jrph.v5n1p7.
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The P/E Ratio (Price/Earning) is one of the most popular concepts in stock analysis, yet its exact interpretation is lacking. Most stock investors know the P/E Ratio as a financial indicator with the useful characteristics of being relatively time-invariant. In this paper, a rigorous mathematical derivation of the P/E Ratio is presented. The derivation shows that, in addition to its assumptions, the P/E Ratio can be considered the zeroth order solution to the rate of return on investment. The commonly used concept of the Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate = Net Income / Price) in real estate investment analysis can also be similarly derived as the zeroth order solution of the rate of return on real estate investment. This paper also derives the first order solution to the rate of return (Return = Dividend/Price + Growth) with its assumptions. Both the zeroth and the first order solutions are derived from the exact future accounting equation (Cash Return = Sum of Cash Flow + Cash from Resale). The exact equation has been used in the derivation of the exact solution of the rate of return. Empirically, as an illustration of an actual case, the rates of return are 3%, 73%, and 115% for a stock with 70% growth rate for, respectively, the zeroth order, the first order, and the exact solution to the rate of return; the stock doubled its price in 2004. This paper concludes that the zero-th, the first order, and the exact solution of the rate of return all can be derived mathematically from the same exact equation, which, thus, forms a rigorous mathematical foundation for investment analysis, and that the low order solutions have the very practical use in providing the analytically calculated initial conditions for the iterative numerical calculation for the exact solution. The solution of value belongs to recently classified Culture Level Quotient CLQ = 10 and is in the process of being updated by fuzzy logic with its range of tolerance for predicting market crashes to advance to CLQ = 2.
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Sumantri, Sumantri. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI USAHA KECIL WARNET (Studi Pada Warnet Bulian City Net Muara Bulian)." EKONOMIS : Journal of Economics and Business 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v2i1.34.
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Market Prospects At this time the need for information society is greatly improved, to meet this need required adequate facilities in order to send and receive good information, especially in telecommunication services. Warnet as a business that provides computer rental services to access the internet. Because the cafe business around Islamic High School is only 5 (five), then the researchers only do 1 sample. Assessments that have been done above with various methods of business feasibility study analysis then the business cafe "Bulian City Net" is feasible to run by looking at considerations of business feasibility study analysis method In full capital return is only required operational for 1 year 9 months 2 days, then the capital Rp.100.000.000 invested will return 100%. Net Cash Flow reach Rp 54.700.000 per peride per year then it is feasible to run Multy Game business. This Net. Because Net Present Value is positive, that is comparison between PV Process and PV investment.Keywords: Analysis, Investment, Business
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Kanwal, Rani Shaista. "Examining the dominance of Comprehensive Income to Net Income as a Measure of Firm Performance." Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Bisnis 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51263/jameb.v5i1.110.
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In this study, we examine the relative ability of comprehensive income and net income to summarize firm performance as reflected in stock returns. We also examine which comprehensive income adjustments get better the aptitude of income to summarize firm performance. We also examine this claim that income measured on a comprehensive basis is a better measure of firm performance than other summary income measures. The results do not show that comprehensive income is superior to net income for evaluating firm performance on the basis of stock return and price. Except for investment industrial group, In Tehran Stock Exchange, we found no evidence that comprehensive income for firm performance evaluation on the basis of cash flows prediction is superior to net income. While, we found the better results for the state companies (only in other companies group), i.e., firm performance evaluation on the basis of cash flows prediction using comprehensive income is superior to net income. Collectively, our results provide some weak evidence that show comprehensive income adjustments improve the ability of income for reflecting firm performance.
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Paula Campos, Ana, Elisângela Aparecida dos Santos Mesquita, Gabrielle Batalini dos Santos, and Felipe Kesrouani Lemos. "ANÁLISE DE VIABILIDADE E RISCO EM NOVOS EMPREENDIMENTOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA LOJA DE VAREJO." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 10, Especial (December 1, 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2018.v10.nesp.000166.
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The viability and risks analysis of any enterprise is one of the most important aspects for making the decision of turning the project real. This research aims to analyze the feasibility and the risks of a new retail shop in the actual market. Was taken quantitative date into consideration to excel the analysis, through the study of all the required investments, such as building revitalization, required equipment, human labor costs, and the commercialized products costs, to work with economic tools as, payback analysis, internal rate of return (IRR), net present values (NPV), free cash flow, working capital, funding streams and sensibility analysis. Charts showing the results of the possible investment was elaborated, along with the explanation of the decisions that should make regarding the final results.
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Dewi, Helena. "VALUASI BISNIS BARU DAN OPTIMAL CAPITAL PERUSAHAAN JASA INDUSTRI (MAKLON) BAGI UMKM KERIPIK KEMASAN. (STUDI KASUS: PT KRISPINDO)." Ultimaccounting : Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi 12, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/akuntansi.v12i2.1870.
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The increase of MSMEs in the food and beverage industry recently experiencing significant growth, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to statistical data released by the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in November 2020, the food industry dominated Micro and Small businesses in 2019 for 36.23%. The increasing number of MSME businesses in this sector becomes an opportunity for the processing services industry (contract manufacturer) to help MSMEs with all limitations. This study conducted a case study on PT. Krispindo as a company engaged in processing services (contract manufacturer) in the snack sector. This research aims to assess (valuation) new business proposed by PT. Krispindo in terms of optimal use of debt and equity for the company and also investment returns that can be given to investors. In addition, this research also aims to assist the company in making decisions for the following period project, decision to continue or discontinue the business. This study used optimal Cost of Capital (WACC) and Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) in setting optimal business capital. To measure investment return expectations for investors, the study used the company's Net Present Value (NPV), Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) approaches. To find out whether or not the business is further, this study uses Terminal Value Asset (TVA) and On Going Concern Value from the business obtained when the project ending. The results prove using debt in capital has more benefit for the company and the business can continue after the projection period ends.
Keywords: New Business Valuation (NPV), Debt-to-equity ratio (DER), Average Cost of Capital (WACC), Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Terminal Value Asset (TVA) and On Going Concern Value
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DeBoeuf, David, Hongbok Lee, Don Johnson, and Maksim Masharuev. "Purchasing power return, a new paradigm of capital investment appraisal." Managerial Finance 44, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-07-2017-0265.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to financial managers’ capital budgeting decision-making processes by proposing a new paradigm of capital investment appraisal. The expected return, required return structure of the proposed purchasing power return (PPR) methodology eliminates the many flaws associated with the competing internal rate of return (IRR) and modified IRR (MIRR) techniques. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide a new framework for examining long-term investment projects through a percentage return prism. Unlike that of IRR and MIRR, mathematical consistency with net present value (NPV) is a design requirement. Findings PPR eliminates the many flaws found in the IRR and MIRR methodologies, is mathematically consistent with NPV, and identifies positive-NPV investments forecasted to reduce the company’s purchasing power. These projects are acceptable under NPV, but flagged for additional review and potential rejection. Created to examine projects on a percentage return basis, PPR employs market-based inflation rates to convert all cash flows into constant purchasing power units of measure. From these units, an expected real return is estimated and compared to the project’s inflation-adjusted required return, resulting in an accept/reject decision consistent with that of NPV. Originality/value The proposed PPR is a new paradigm of capital investment appraisal that eliminates the many problems found in the IRR and MIRR techniques, is mathematically consistent with the NPV method, and helps financial decision makers examine investment projects on an expected percentage return basis. PPR also flags for further review projects expected to actually reduce the company’s purchasing power.
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TIKANA, NENY, and SUSI HANDAYANI. "Pengaruh Arus Kas Operasi, Laba Bersih, dan Hutang terhadap Kebijakan Dividen (Dividend Payout Ratio) pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Go Public di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2005-2009." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 4, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v4n1.p66-76.
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In the expansion, companies need a lot of sources of funding, that is through capital markets. Capital markets are an alternative source of external funding sources in addition to loan funds. With the capital markets, investor can invest in many different investment options, one of which is stock. Return the stock received by investors may include capital gains and dividends. Dividend is a part of the projected dividendd policy with a dividend payout ratio (DPR). Dividend policy is influenced by several factors including the operating cash flow, net income, and debt. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the influence of operating cash flow, nt income, and debt to dividend policy (dividend payout ratio) at a manufacturing company that went public on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2005-2009. This study uses purposive sampling method to take samples, in order to obtain a sample number 27 manufacturing companies. The method of analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of analysis tools SPSS version 16.0. Based on the results of data analysis can be concluded that there is a simultaneous influence of operating cash flow, net income, and debt to dividend policy (dividend payout ratio). While partial, operating cash flow negative influence on dividend payout ratio. That is because the large cash is not necessarily distibuted as dividends, because dividends depend essentially on the policy of the company itself and the profits of the acquired companies. Net income has a positive effect on dividend payout ratio for dividends derived from net income and companies will share profits if it makes a profit. The Debt has negative effect on dividend payout ratio for firms to prioritize paying off debt rather than dividends.
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Farooq, Umar, and Bilal Haider Subhani. "Three Corporate Finance Practices in Pakistan: A Review of Previous Studies and Way Forward." Journal of Finance and Accounting Research 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jfar.0301.04.
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This study reviews the empirical studies arranged on Pakistani capital market and specifies the pattern of three corporate finance practices. The subject of corporate finance discusses the various activities performed at firm level such as capital budgeting, capital structure, and dividend payout policy. The capital budgeting technique consists of six methods i.e., net present value, discounted cash flow, payback period, and internal rate of return etc. but Pakistani firms often interested in net present value and internal rate of return for capital investment evaluation. Similarly, the capital structure decision carries the debate on two options of financing i.e., debt financing and equity financing but literature shows that the Pakistani firms generally follow the pecking order theory and prefer more debt financing. Similarly, as for concern dividend payout policy, literature discusses the different theories and determinants but still unable to generalize the dividend payout trend specifically in Pakistani context. Corporate managers and policymakers can use the conclusion for strategic purposes.
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Pylypiak, Oleksandr, and Liudmyla Sachynska. "SPECIFICS AND PROBLEMS OF EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN MODERN CONDITIONS SPECIFICS." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 300, no. 6 Part 2 (December 2021): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-300-6/2-12.
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The essence of basic indicators for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects in the field of real investment is considered. The basic indicator of the efficiency evaluation system, the discounted payback period, is characterized. The problems of its calculation and limitations of its interpretation are shown. It is shown that this criterion should be used only for the preliminary evaluation of projects with the same life cycle. The basic indicator of the system of efficiency assessment of net present value is characterized. The problems of its calculation and the limitations of its application due to the dependence on the discount rate, which will be different for projects with different levels of risk, are shown. The basic indicator of the system of efficiency evaluation of the internal rate of return is characterized. The problems of its calculation and the limitations imposed on this indicator are shown, especially from the point of view of interpretation. The internal rate of return cannot be used as a full and independent indicator of efficiency. The problems of interpretation of the discounted payback period, net present value, internal rate of return, discounted profitability index in modern conditions and methodological features of the calculation in terms of each indicator and in terms of non-stationary cash flows are highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects are shown. Modified indicators of net present value and internal rate of return, which take into account an extremely important factor of reinvestment, are considered separately. The conditions of their application are shown, namely the possibility to receive additional income from reinvestment. In today’s development, this factor is difficult to overestimate. A comparison of net present value and internal rate of return is made using Fisher’s points. Possibilities of their application are shown. The approach to the choice of the criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects in the field of real investment for given conditions, which is based on the scenario approach, is proposed.
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Sitepu, Samsudin, Budi Purwanto, and Abdul Kohar Irwanto. "Pengaruh Arus Kas Terhadap Profitabilitas dan Kinerja Saham Emiten Kompas 100 di Bursa Efek Indonesia." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v8i3.22067.
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<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>In carrying out its activities, the company needs funds or capital originating from internal and external. Source of internal funds derived from capital contributions owner while external funding sources can be obtained through the sale of shares to the public in the capital market. Important information about a company's cash flow is very useful for users of financial statements as a basis for assessing the company's ability to generate cash and cash equivalents, as well as a basis for assessing how the company uses cash flow. Furthermore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of cash flows to profitability and stock performance. Using SEM-PLS, the study was used 51 of 100 enterprises listed on Compas 100 that have met the criteria such as manufacturing companies listed on the IDX during the period 2013 to 2016, the company has never been delisted during the observation period, companies that publish the financial statements in rupiah currency and the company has a complete datas on the financial statements during the period of observation. Variables used in this study was changes in operating cash flow, changes in cash flow investments, changes in cash flow funding, return on asset, return on equity, net profit margin, changes of stock performence, Earning per Share, and Price Earning Ratio. Furthermore, SEM’s test results found that cash flows has positively significant influence profitability and performance stock, profitability has positively significant influence performance stock. These findings implied that investors need to consider the enterprise cash flows and profitability analysis, before deciding to make investment in order to earn maximum and poisitive revenue.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Dalam menjalankan kegiatannya, perusahaan membutuhkan dana atau modal yang berasal dari internal dan eksternal. Sumber dana internal berasal dari setoran modal pemilik sedangkan sumber dana eksternal dapat diperoleh perusahaan melalui penjualan saham kepada masyarakat di pasar modal untuk menjaga arus kas perusahaan. Secara teori informasi penting tentang arus kas suatu perusahaan sangat berguna bagi pemakai laporan keuangan sebagai dasar dalam menilai kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan kas dan setara kas, juga sebagai dasar untuk menilai penggunaan arus kas di perusahaan tersebut, namun teori ini sering terbantahkan dengan perilaku investor untuk berinvestasi di bursa yang lebih memperhatikan perolehan laba perusahaan dari pada ketersediaan arus kas. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh arus kas terhadap profitabilitas dan kinerja saham. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah SEM-PLS, penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 51 perusahaan dari 100 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Kompas 100 yang telah memenuhi kriteria seperti perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2013 sampai 2016, perusahaan tersebut tidak pernah dihapus dan keluar daftar selama periode pengamatan, perusahaan laporan keuangan disajikan dalam mata uang rupiah demikian juga perusahaan memiliki data secara lengkap tentang laporan keuangan selama periode pengamatan. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel laten arus kas dengan indikator perubahan arus kas operasi, perubahan arus kas investasi, dan perubahan arus kas pendanaan, variabel laten profitabilitas dengan indikator return on asset, return on equity, net profit margin, dan variabel laten kinerja saham yang digunakan dengan indikator return saham, earning per share, dan price earning ratio. Hasil uji SEM-PLS menghasilkan bahwa arus kas memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas dan kinerja saham, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja saham. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan dan merekomendasikan kepada calon investor di bursa saham, bahwa sebelum mengambil keputusan investasi sebaiknya perlu mempertimbangkan analisa likuiditas perusahaan dengan arus kas dan analisa kinerja perusahaan dengan profitabilitas, yang kemudian dapat memutuskan untuk melakukan investasi pada perusahaan di Bursa Efek Indonesia guna memperoleh pendapatan yang positif dan maksimal. </p>
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Sitepu, Samsudin, Budi Purwanto, and Abdul Kohar Irwanto. "Pengaruh Arus Kas Terhadap Profitabilitas dan Kinerja Saham Emiten Kompas 100 di Bursa Efek Indonesia." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v8i3.22472.
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<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>In carrying out its activities, the company needs funds or capital originating from internal and external. Source of internal funds derived from capital contributions owner while external funding sources can be obtained through the sale of shares to the public in the capital market. Important information about a company's cash flow is very useful for users of financial statements as a basis for assessing the company's ability to generate cash and cash equivalents, as well as a basis for assessing how the company uses cash flow. Furthermore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of cash flows to profitability and stock performance. Using SEM-PLS, the study was used 51 of 100 enterprises listed on Compas 100 that have met the criteria such as manufacturing companies listed on the IDX during the period 2013 to 2016, the company has never been delisted during the observation period, companies that publish the financial statements in rupiah currency and the company has a complete datas on the financial statements during the period of observation. Variables used in this study was changes in operating cash flow, changes in cash flow investments, changes in cash flow funding, return on asset, return on equity, net profit margin, changes of stock performence, Earning per Share, and Price Earning Ratio. Furthermore, SEM’s test results found that cash flows has positively significant influence profitability and performance stock, profitability has positively significant influence performance stock. These findings implied that investors need to consider the enterprise cash flows and profitability analysis, before deciding to make investment in order to earn maximum and poisitive revenue.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>A</em>BSTRAK</p><p>Dalam menjalankan kegiatannya, perusahaan membutuhkan dana atau modal yang berasal dari internal dan eksternal. Sumber dana internal berasal dari setoran modal pemilik sedangkan sumber dana eksternal dapat diperoleh perusahaan melalui penjualan saham kepada masyarakat di pasar modal untuk menjaga arus kas perusahaan. Secara teori informasi penting tentang arus kas suatu perusahaan sangat berguna bagi pemakai laporan keuangan sebagai dasar dalam menilai kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan kas dan setara kas, juga sebagai dasar untuk menilai penggunaan arus kas di perusahaan tersebut, namun teori ini sering terbantahkan dengan perilaku investor untuk berinvestasi di bursa yang lebih memperhatikan perolehan laba perusahaan dari pada ketersediaan arus kas. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh arus kas terhadap profitabilitas dan kinerja saham. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah SEM-PLS, penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 51 perusahaan dari 100 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Kompas 100 yang telah memenuhi kriteria seperti perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2013 sampai 2016, perusahaan tersebut tidak pernah dihapus dan keluar daftar selama periode pengamatan, perusahaan laporan keuangan disajikan dalam mata uang rupiah demikian juga perusahaan memiliki data secara lengkap tentang laporan keuangan selama periode pengamatan. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel laten arus kas dengan indikator perubahan arus kas operasi, perubahan arus kas investasi, dan perubahan arus kas pendanaan, variabel laten profitabilitas dengan indikator return on asset, return on equity, net profit margin, dan variabel laten kinerja saham yang digunakan dengan indikator return saham, earning per share, dan price earning ratio. Hasil uji SEM-PLS menghasilkan bahwa arus kas memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas dan kinerja saham, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja saham. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan dan merekomendasikan kepada calon investor di bursa saham, bahwa sebelum mengambil keputusan investasi sebaiknya perlu mempertimbangkan analisa likuiditas perusahaan dengan arus kas dan analisa kinerja perusahaan dengan profitabilitas, yang kemudian dapat memutuskan untuk melakukan investasi pada perusahaan di Bursa Efek Indonesia guna memperoleh pendapatan yang positif dan maksimal.</p>
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Biose, Henry, Adewale Dosunmu, and Chijioke Nwaozuzu. "ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK FOR GAS PIPELINE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 12 (April 3, 2020): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i12.2019.474.
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The paper present an economic model and framework for the development of natural gas pipeline for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The study reviewed the economics of natural gas pipeline development in Nigeria. The research formulated an economic model for a case study of Calabar to Ajaokuta 417km gas pipeline project and a discounted cash flow for an economic life of 40 years. The project economics indicates a Net Present Value (NPV) of 12.5 billion USD with a discounted payback period of 7 years and 9 nine months, Profitability Index (PI) of 7.30, Internal Rate of Return of 23.05% and Growth Rate of Return 26.97% and these project economic indicator shows that the gas pipeline investment is viable. This study provides an economic model that would guarantee security of gas supply, provide access to clean energy and provides an economic framework to support long term natural gas pipeline development in Nigeria
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Arfandi, Arfandi, and Salma Taqwa. "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Sebelum dan Sesudah Initial Public Offering (IPO) Pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia." Wahana Riset Akuntansi 6, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/wra.v6i2.102516.
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Deciding for an initial public offering (IPO) has a major influence in improving the company's condition, improving the company's performance, especially in terms of corporate financial performance. This study aims to assess financial performance by viewing and analyzing financial reports, non-financial companies that IPO in 2014 at BEI. Financial analysis uses 6 (six) financial ratios: Return On Investments (ROI), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Total Asset Turn Over (TATO), Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and CashFlow Operation Ratio (CashFlow to Sales). Assessment of financial performance by comparing the difference in performance before IPO with post IPO so that the data analysis technique used is paired sample T-test. Based on the results of the analysis found that there are differences in financial performance in the current ratio, and the ratio of total asset turnover (TATO) before and after the IPO, but there is no difference in financial performance measured through return on investment (ROI), net profit magin (NPM ), debt to equity ratio (DER), and cash flow operations ratio. The condition of performance difference in current ratio tends to increase seen from the average value before doing IPO but TATO ratio tends to decrease from before IPO.Keyword: Initial Public Offering (IPO), Financial Performance, Financial Ratio
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Manigart, Sophie, Mike Wright, Ken Robbie, Philippe Desbrières, and Koen De Waele. "Venture Capitalists’ Appraisal of Investment Projects: An Empirical European Study." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 21, no. 4 (July 1997): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879702100403.
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The Investment appraisal and valuation process of venture capitalists includes Information gathering, the assessment of risk and required return, and the choice of a valuation method. This process is empirically studied in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. The Importance of different information sources is equal in the four countries, except that the French venture capitalists Place more emphasis on personal references and the track record of the entrepreneur. The required return is lowest in the Netherlands and Belgium for every development stage of a company, and highest in the UK. The most widely used valuation method in the UK is the multiplication of past or future earnings with some price-earnings ratio. In the Netherlands and Belgium it is the discounting of future cash flows, and in France it is the book value of the net worth.
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Page, JR, MN Hunter, and W. Easdown. "The economic evaluation of crop research proposals." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 6 (1991): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910825.
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This paper describes a simple evaluative procedure that scientists can use to measure the relative profitability of crop research proposals. The procedure used a series of questions about the expected benefits and costs of projects. The resultant cash flow budgets were then subjected to a standard investment evaluation procedure called discounted cash flow analysis. The measures of profitability used were the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR). An evaluation of 17 project proposals for legume research in central Queensland gave IRR values ranging from negative to 147%. The NPV ranged from -$A189000 to +$14.5 million. This range of profitability is probably typical of research proposals for rural industries. It demonstrates the worth of evaluating proposals so that only the most profitable projects are funded. This procedure was easy to use and was well accepted by most scientists. The inclusion of economic evaluations, as described here, with applications for rural research funds is expected to strengthen the case for and improve the chances of funding.
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Gottlieb, Paul D., Robin G. Brumfield, Raul I. Cabrera, Daniel Farnsworth, and Lucas Marxen. "An Online Tool for Estimating Return-on-investment for Water Recycling at Nurseries." HortTechnology 32, no. 1 (January 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04925-21.
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Water availability, quality, and management, particularly under climate change constraints and fierce competition for water resources, are challenging the sustainability of intensively irrigated nursery crops. We created an online tool to estimate costs and benefits of a water recycling investment at a commercial nursery, given data on the operation input by the user. The online tool returns a “regulatory risk score” based on the user’s drought and pollution risk. Then, using a partial budget approach, it returns net present value of the investment, upfront capital cost, and expected change in annual cash flow. The present article seeks to cross-validate this computer model with results reported in the case study literature. We aggregated data on 38 nurseries and greenhouses profiled in five published studies into a meta study dataset. These data validated the computer tool’s assumptions about the relationship of operation size to total capital cost. Separate simulations on the profitability effects of varying public water rates and price premia due to green marketing corroborated the findings of earlier studies. A major finding of the simulation analysis not previously emphasized in the literature is that capital cost and profit vary significantly with the precise method that is used to size the recapture pond. A “minimalist” approach to this decision is likely to be the most cost-effective, but growers should also keep stormwater runoff and other issues of environmental best practices in mind.
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Navrozova, Yuliia. "IMPACT OF LOGISTICS ON THE FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE COMPANY." Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU) 78, no. 1 (2022): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2022-1-42-54.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of logistics decisions on the company's financial results. To achieve the goal in the course of the study, the follo-wing tasks were set and solved: logistics costs were analyzed by their structure, financial results of leading Ukrainian logistics companies, it was proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of logistics solutions using return on assets (ROA) and return on investment (ROI) indicators, and a factorial analysis of ROA and ROI according to the Dupont model.Global logistics costs exceeded 9,3 trillion USD. Ukraine has a high value of 18%, which characterizes the logistics system negatively. The most significant logistics costs are associated with transportation (60% in 2020), inventory costs (23%) and warehousing (11%).The Ukrainian logistics market leaders in terms of gross income are DP Kuehne & Nagel, DP DSV Logistics and DP FM Logistic Ukraine.The financial aspects of making management decisions by logistics companies are maximizing net profit, positive cash flow, improving the use of fixed and working capital.Without reducing the importance and role of the profit indicator, we note that it can often be more effective to use investments, borrowed capital in order to increase the turnover of investments (capital) and, as a result, to increase profitability.It is also recommended to assess the impact of logistics on the company's perfor-mance using the return on assets (ROA) and return on investment (ROI) indicators.In terms of ROA, among the analyzed companies, the leaders were DP Kuehne & Nagel with an indicator of 25,2% and DP Logistic Plus with a value of 20,8%. Interes-tingly, at the same time, LLC Zammler Ukraine (18,12%) was the leader in terms of pro-fitability of sales, and SE DSV Logistics (5,71) in terms of asset turnover ratio.It is advisable to supplement the analysis with factor analysis, that is, an assessment of the influence of factors on the profitability of assets.It is advisable to supplement the analysis with factor analysis, that is, an asses-sment of the influence of factors of return onsales and asset turnover on the return on assets.Keywords:logistics costs, logistics company, profit, return on assets, return on investment.
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Priyo, Mandiyo. "Studi Kelayakan Investasi Proyek Perumahan pada Proyek Pembangunan Perumahan Aura Tirta Graha Banjarnegara." Semesta Teknika 15, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v15i2.1324.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the cash flow and the feasibility of the building investment project of Perumahan Aura Tirta Graha Banjarnegara. The data used in this study were collected from the contractor. The collected data were classified into two groups: primary and secondary data. The primary data cover the direct detailed examination of the research objectives. The data were collected by doing interview and observation. On the other hand, the secondary data were the historic data dealing with the plan and implementation of the project. In this study, there were several methods carried out in measuring the criterion of investment feasibility, i.e.: Break Event Point (BEP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Profitability Index (PI). Evaluation results show that every method demonstrated various performance of the investment appropriateness. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the development plan of Perumahan Aura Tirta Graha Banjarnegara has been carefully analyzed and properly implemented.
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Kpegele Le-ol, Anthony, Sidum Adumene, and Kenneth Israel. "Comparative Assessment of Thermal Power Systems Performance Under Uncertainty." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.7.710.
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This work presents a comparative analysis of the thermo-economic performance of a simple, retrofitted and built-in combined cycle power plants within the Delta. The data were obtained from a 25MW gas turbine plant-based engine, retrofitted and MATLAB software was used to model the thermodynamic performance of the plants. The economic prediction of the plants was done using a developed net present value(NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), cost of investment (COR) and payback period (PBP). The economic concept for plants performance was analysed under uncertainty constraints of energy need, operating conditions, energy cost and energy supply variability. Three plants configuration; simple gas turbine (SGT), retrofitted combined cycle (RCC) and Built-in combined cycle (BCC) was analysed based on these economic performance indicators. The three configurations show a positive NPV, PBP and IRR, with the BCC showing the optimum return on investment. Although the RCC show minimum initial cost on investment compare to BCC, the BCC demonstrates greater overall return with an NPV of $30,755,454.18, IRR of 17.1% and PBP of 6.3years for the period of 20years. The analysis shows cash flow of 34.1% and 52.6% for the RCC and BCC respectively. The result also showed that the plant performs better at a lower ambient temperature and higher relative humidity with a higher return on investment. This research provides great insight into the thermo-economic analysis, and benefits of combined cycle power plant and will aid energy system investors on the choice of the power plant for power generation in the Niger Delta.
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Kpegele Le-ol, Anthony, Sidum Adumene, and Kenneth Israel. "Comparative Assessment of Thermal Power Systems Performance Under Uncertainty." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.7.710.
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This work presents a comparative analysis of the thermo-economic performance of a simple, retrofitted and built-in combined cycle power plants within the Delta. The data were obtained from a 25MW gas turbine plant-based engine, retrofitted and MATLAB software was used to model the thermodynamic performance of the plants. The economic prediction of the plants was done using a developed net present value(NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), cost of investment (COR) and payback period (PBP). The economic concept for plants performance was analysed under uncertainty constraints of energy need, operating conditions, energy cost and energy supply variability. Three plants configuration; simple gas turbine (SGT), retrofitted combined cycle (RCC) and Built-in combined cycle (BCC) was analysed based on these economic performance indicators. The three configurations show a positive NPV, PBP and IRR, with the BCC showing the optimum return on investment. Although the RCC show minimum initial cost on investment compare to BCC, the BCC demonstrates greater overall return with an NPV of $30,755,454.18, IRR of 17.1% and PBP of 6.3years for the period of 20years. The analysis shows cash flow of 34.1% and 52.6% for the RCC and BCC respectively. The result also showed that the plant performs better at a lower ambient temperature and higher relative humidity with a higher return on investment. This research provides great insight into the thermo-economic analysis, and benefits of combined cycle power plant and will aid energy system investors on the choice of the power plant for power generation in the Niger Delta.
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Ratnaningsih, Anik, Willy Kriswardhana, and Hurrin Ufiantara. "ANALISIS INVESTASI KAWASAN HIJAU PERUMAHAN BERDASARKAN GREENSHIP NEIGHBORHOOD V.1.0 (STUDI KASUS ISTANA KALIWATES REGENCY)." TERAS JURNAL 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v11i1.344.
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<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kawasan perumahan merupakan solusi untuk menciptakan pemukiman yang lebih tertata di wilayah kota dan sekitarnya, namun memiliki tantangan berupa penggunaan energi dan air yang besar, pengelolaan kawasan, dan penyediaan fasilitas untuk penghuninya. Kawasan hijau dapat menjadi solusi untuk menjadikan kawasan perumahan berkelanjutan yang ramah lingkungan, efisien dalam penggunaan energi, dan memberi kemudahan bagi penghuninya. Penilaian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penilaian kawasan hijau yang didasarkan pada perangkat penilaian <em>Greenship Neighborhood V.1.0</em> oleh GBCI. Perencanaan pekerjaan peningkatan kawasan hijau dan penyusunan <em>cash flow</em> dilakukan setelah melakukan penilaian kawasan. <em>Cash flow</em> digunakan untuk melakukan analisis investasi yang menggunakan metode <em>Net Present Value</em> (NPV), <em>Internal Rate of Return</em> (IRR), <em>Break Even Point</em> (BEP), <em>Payback Period</em> (PBP), dan <em>Profit Ability Index</em> (PI). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan <em>Net Present Value </em>sebesar Rp12.917.114.905,- <em>Internal Rate of Return</em> sebesar 28,34%, dan <em>Profit Ability Index</em> menunjukkan angka 1,592. Pengembalian modal yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai <em>Break Even Point</em> adalah sebesar Rp73.184.818.841,- dengan penjualan minimum 68 unit rumah tipe 43/72, 74 unit rumah tipe 45/72, 19 unit rumah tipe 90/120, dan 5 unit ruko sedangkan <em>Payback Period </em>menunjukkan pengembalian dalam waktu 2 tahun.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kata kunci: <em>kawasan hijau, analisis investasi, perumahan</em><em></em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">A residential area is a solution for creating organized settlements in the city, but have problems of large amounts of energy and water usage, area management, and facilities provided for its inhabitants. Green areas can be a solution to make sustainable residential areas that are environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and provide convenience for their inhabitants. The assessment used in this study is the Greenship Neighborhood V.1.0 assessment tool by GBCI. Green area improvement and cash flow are created after conducting the green area assessment. Cash flow is used to conduct investment analysis using methods of the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Break-Even Point (BEP), Payback Period (PBP), and Profit Ability Index (PI). The results of the study showed that the Net Present Value of Rp12,917,114,905, - the Internal Rate of Return of 28.34%, and the Profit Ability Index showed an index number of 1.592. The return on the capital needed to achieve the Break-Even Point is Rp73,184,818,841, with a minimum sales of 68 housing units of type 43/72, 74 housing units of type 45/72, 19 housing units of type 90/120, and 5 units of shophouses while Payback Period shows returns within 2 years.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Keywords: <em>green area, investmen analysis, housing</em><em></em></p>
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Silva, Joao Carlos Marques, and José Azevedo Pereira. "Taking the highway out: exiting the stock market to maximize results." CASE Journal 18, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 170–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-01-2021-0020.
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Theoretical basis The essence of discounted cash flow valuation is simple; the asset is worth the expected cash flows it will generate, discounted to the reference date for the valuation exercise (normally, the day of the calculation). A survey article was written in Parker (1968), where it was stated that the earliest interest rate tables (use to discount value to the present) dated back to 1340. Works from Boulding (1935) and Keynes (1936) derived the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) for an investment. Samuelson (1937) compared the IRR and NPV (Net Present Value) approaches, arguing that rational investors should maximize NPV and not IRR. The previously mentioned works and the publication of Joel Dean’s reference book (Dean, 1951) on capital budgeting set the basis for the widespread use of the discounted cash flow approach into all business areas, aided by developments in portfolio theory. Nowadays, probably the model with more widespread use is the FCFE/FCFF (Free Cash Flow to Equity and Free Cash Flow to Firm) model. For simplification purposes, we will focus on the FCFE model, which basically is the FCF model’s version for the potential dividends. The focus is to value the business based on its dividends (potential or real), and thus care must be taken in order not to double count cash flows (this matter was treated in this case) and to assess what use is given to that excess cash flow – if it is invested wisely, what returns will come of them, how it is accounted for, etc. (Damodaran, 2006). The bridge to the FCFF model is straightforward; the FCFF includes FCFE and added cash that is owed to debtholders. References: Parker, R.H. (1968). “Discounted Cash Flow in Historical Perspective”, Journal of Accounting Research, v6, pp58-71. Boulding, K.E. (1935). “The Theory of a Single Investment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, v49, pp479-494. Keynes, J. M. (1936). “The General Theory of Employment”, Macmillan, London. Samuelson, P. (1937). “Some Aspects of the Pure Theory of Capital”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, v51, pp. 469–496. Dean, Joel. (1951). “Capital Budgeting”, Columbia University Press, New York. Damodaran, A. (2006). “Damodaran on Valuation”, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Research methodology All information is taken from public sources and with consented company interviews. Case overview/synopsis Opportunities for value creation may be found in awkward and difficult circumstances. Good strategic thinking and ability to act swiftly are usually crucial to be able to take advantage of such tough environments. Amidst a country-wide economic crisis and general disbelief, José de Mello Group (JMG) saw one of its main assets’ (Brisa Highways) market value tumble down to unforeseen figures and was forced to act on it. Brisa’s main partners were eager in overpowering JMG’s control of the company, and outside pressure from Deutsche Bank was rising, due to the use of Brisa’s shares as collateral. JMG would have to revise its strategy and see if Brisa was worth fighting for; the market implicit assessment about the company’s prospects was very penalizing, but JMG’s predictions on Brisa’s future performance indicated that this could be an investment opportunity. Would it be wise to bet against the market? Complexity academic level This study is excellent for finance and strategy courses, at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Company valuation and corporate strategy are required.
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Khairinisa, Rossy, I. Nyoman Dita Pahang Putra, and Anna Rumintang. "ANALISIS PEMBIAYAAN INVESTASI PADA PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN TAMAN KARANGBAHAGIA TAHAP 1 KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT." PADURAKSA: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Warmadewa 9, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/pd.9.1.1479.1-10.
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Pada perencanaan pembangunan sebuah proyek diperlukan suatu analisis finansial yang menandakan proses investasi proyek tersebut layak dilakukan. Salah satu aspek yang paling penting dalam proses investasi adalah komposisi pembiayaan. Pembiayaan dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu dari pinjaman (loan) dan modal sendiri (equity). Penelitian dilakukan pada proyek pembangunan Perumahan Taman Karangbahagia di Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dari tiga komposisi pembiayaan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Discounted Cash Flow untuk menghitung project valuationnya. Kemudian kelayakan investasi diukur berdasarkan indikator NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate Return), BEP (Break Even Point) dan ROI (Return on Investment). Tiga komposisi pembiayaan yang akan diteliti sesitivitasnya adalah 70% loan : 30% equity. 30% loan : 70% equity dan 50% loan : 50% equity. Hasil analisis sensitivitas komposisi menunjukan bahwa pada komposisi 30% loan : 70% equity NPV mencapai angka positif sebesar Rp.17,485,230,641.00 dan IRR 38%. Sementara pada komposisi 70% loan : 30% equity NPV negatif dan IRR mencapai nilaisebesar Rp.9,126,201,503.00 dan 2%. Pada komposisi 50% loan : 50% equity yaitu NPV mencapai nilai negatif yaitu sebesar Rp.4,179,514,569.00 dan IRR 21%. BEP terjadi setelah satu tahun sepuluh bulan dan Return on Investment menghasilkan angka 16.71% dari komposisi 30% loan : 70% loan.
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Perez, Katarzyna, and Małgorzata Szczyt. "Classification of Open-End Investment Funds Using Artificial Neural Networks. The Case of Polish Equity Funds." Central European Economic Journal 8, no. 55 (January 1, 2021): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2021-0020.
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Abstract In this study we utilise artificial neural networks to classify equity investment funds according to two fundamental risk measures—standard deviation and beta ratio—and to investigate the fund characteristics essential to this classification. Based on a sample of 4,645 monthly observations on 37 equity funds from the largest fund families registered in Poland from December 1995 to March 2018, we allocated funds to one of the classes generated using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF). The results of the study confirm the legitimacy of using machine learning as a tool for classifying equity investment funds, though standard deviation turned out to be a better classifier than the beta ratio. In addition to the level of investment risk, the fund classification can be supported by the fund distribution channel, the fund name, age, and size, as well as the current economic situation. We find historical returns (apart from the last-month return) and the net cash flows of the fund to be insignificant for the fund classification.
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Charisma, Bryan, and Encep Amir. "Economic Value-Added Creation by Optimizing Capital Structure in Project Finance." International Journal of Applied Research in Management and Economics 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ijarme.v3i2.446.
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Infrastructure Projects are large investment by the public and/or private sector that required enormous financial resource commitment to build physical asset and facilities needed for economic development so that the company need project financing to support with. Project finance is based on debt repayment from project companies’ revenue and not on the sponsors or the developer’s balance sheet, so the project companies should assure the cash flow is sufficient for debt repayment and dividend payment. Beside that investors still have to analyze the value created in that project with highest positive Economic Value Added. Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) need to cover cost of invested capital to create value so that the ratio of NOPAT to total Project Cost (Return on Invested Capital) is should be more than the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The capital structure doesn’t have an optimum weight and cost as long as the Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) higher than WACC.
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Kusuma, Marhaendra. "Measurement of Return on Asset (ROA) based on Comprehensive Income and its Ability to Predict Investment Returns: an Empirical Evidence on Go Public Companies in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic." Ekuilibrium : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi 16, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ekuilibrium.v16i1.3238.
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Purpose - The concept of recognizing all inclusive income, which is used by IFRS and Indonesian SAK, is the basis for presenting other comprehensive income in the income statement. This change in format became the idea of developing a financial performance measurement.Methodology - Testing the effect of attributable comprehensive income ROA and attributable ROA net income on future cash flows and net income, as a proxy for the ability to provide future returns, and applying them in measuring performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.Findings - ROA net income is better able to predict future investment returns. ROA comprehensive income has more relevance value, when only other items of comprehensive income that have the potential to be realized are included. In assessing performance, users are advised to keep using the ROA of the net income version, and when using the ROA of the comprehensive income version, it is advisable to include only OCI which will be reclassified. The financial performance of companies in many industrial sectors experienced a decline during the Covid 19 pandemic using two ROA measures.Novelty - Development of ROA formulation by including other comprehensive income and profit attribution, so far ROA is only based on net income.
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Cossu, Silvestro, Roberto Baccoli, and Emilio Ghiani. "Utility Scale Ground Mounted Photovoltaic Plants with Gable Structure and Inverter Oversizing for Land-Use Optimization." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113084.
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The paper proposes an effective layout for ground-mounted photovoltaic systems with a gable structure and inverter oversizing, which allows an optimized use of the land and, at the same time, guarantees a valuable return on investment. A case study is presented to show the technical, economic, and environmental advantages compared with conventional “fixed-tilt” and “sun-tracking” ground-mounted photovoltaic installations. The main advantage of this solution is that it maximizes the energy produced per unit of land area used; but, also considering the economic metrics, the net present value of the proposed PV arrangement solution results in a greater annual volume of energy produced and therefore of net revenues and cash flows, and greater than the compared conventional solution with modules exposed in an optimal fixed position or which make use of sun-tracking systems.