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Steyn, Johannes Petrus. "Using capital intensity and return on capital employed as filters for security selection." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71792.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Do firms that have low dependence on physical assets as well as high profitability outperform companies with the opposite characteristics in the market? Despite the lack of empirical research, conventional wisdom would suggest that they should. Conceptually, investors should prefer profitable companies to less profitable companies, and lower capital-intensive to high capital-intensity firms. Using a large sample of global stocks over the period from 1988 to 2010, the effect of using capital intensity and return on capital employed (ROCE) as filters for portfolio inclusion was investigated. A quantitative research approach was followed in this study. This involved dividing the sample into five subsets, or quintiles, according to the specific metric (for example capital intensity). The total return of an equally weighted portfolio was then measured for each quintile for the subsequent 12 months. The portfolio was rebalanced annually and the subsequent 12-month return recorded. Because enhanced performance on new capital investments may take longer than 12 months to be reflected in share prices, quintile performance was also measured over five-year holding periods. The empirical findings of this study reveal that there was no discernible pattern of outperformance by low capital-intensive quintiles using annual rebalancing. However, the lowest capital-intensive firms had the highest average returns using five-year holding periods. The highest ROCE firms performed best with annual rebalancing and with five-year holding periods. Combining both capital intensity and ROCE, a portfolio focused on low capital intensity and high profitability produced a compound annual growth rate that is 9.18 percentage points higher than a portfolio focused on the highest capital intensity and the lowest ROCE. Over five-year holding periods there is a distinct outperformance by low capital-intensive firms with high operational profitability. These results indicate that allocation of investment capital to capital-intensive companies with low operational profitability seems likely to impair long-term returns, and there may be value in a focus on low capital-intensity firms that are able to generate high returns on capital employed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sal maatskappye met lae afhanklikheid van fisiese bates, asook hoë winsgewendheid, maatskappye met die teenoorgestelde eienskappe uitpresteer in die mark? Ten spyte van ‘n gebrek aan empiriese navorsing, sal konvensionele wysheid voorstel dat dit so moet wees. Beleggers behoort winsgewende maatskappye bo minder winsgewende maatskappye te verkies, en laer kapitaalintensiewe bo hoë kapitaalintensiewe maatskappye. Die gebruik van kapitaalintensiteit en opbrengs op kapitaal aangewend (OOKA) in die beleggingsbesluit word ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van ‘n groot steekproef globale aandele oor die tydperk 1988 tot 2010. 'n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering was gevolg in die studie. Dit het die verdeling van die steekproef in vyf onderafdelings, of kwintiele, volgens die spesifieke maatstawwe (byvoorbeeld kapitaal-intensiteit) behels. Die totale opbrengs van 'n gelyk-geweegde portefeulje is vervolgens gemeet vir elke kwintiel vir die daaropvolgende 12 maande. Die portefeulje is jaarliks herbalanseer en die daaropvolgende 12 maande se opbrengs is aangeteken. Omdat verbeterde prestasie op nuwe kapitaalbeleggings langer kan neem as 12 maande om in aandeelpryse weerspieël te word, is kwintiel prestasie ook oor vyf jaar hou periodes gemeet. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat daar geen beduidende verbetering in prestasie onder laer kapitaalitensiewe kwintiele oor een jaar houperiodes was nie. Die laagste kapitaalintensiewe maatskappye het egter oor ‘n hou periode van vyf jaar die hoogste gemiddelde opbrengs gelewer. Die hoogste OOKA maatskappye het die beste gevaar met jaarlikse herbalansering en met 'n houperiode van vyf jaar. 'n Portefeulje gefokus op lae kapitaalintensiteit en hoë winsgewendheid het 'n saamgestelde jaarlikse groeikoers gelewer wat 9,18 persentasiepunte hoër was as 'n portefeulje gefokus op die hoogste kapitaalintensiteit en die laagste OOKA. Oor houperiodes van vyf jaar was daar duidelike uitprestering deur lae kapitaalintensiewe ondernemings met hoë operasionele winsgewendheid. Hierdie resultate dui daarop dat die toekenning van beleggingskapitaal aan kapitaalintensiewe maatskappye met lae operasionele winsgewendheid waarskynlik langtermynopbrengste benadeel en dat 'n fokus op lae kapitaalintensiteit maatskappye, wat in staat is om 'n hoë opbrengs op kapitaal te genereer, moontlik meer lonend kan wees.
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Chaika, Tetiana. "Profitability Ratios on Capital and Investment Analysis of Ukrainian Hospitality Industry (calculated by official statistical reporting)." Thesis, Klaipeda University, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40895.
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Profitability is a characteristic of the ability of a company to generate profits per unit of revenue (income), assets, capital, investments, cash flows, etc. Single isolated values of return on capital (investment) are not able to provide information about the success or failure of the use of capital and investments. This study presents the main metrics of return on capital and investment and the method of their calculation on the Ukrainian companies’ open financial statements.Рентабельність – характеристика здатності підприємства генерувати прибуток у розрахунку на одиницю виручки (доходу), активів, капіталів, інвестицій, грошових потоків тощо. Поодинокі ізольовані значення рентабельності капіталу і інвестицій не здатні надати інформацію про успішність чи неуспішність використання капіталу і інвестицій. В даному дослідженні наведені основні метрики рентабельності капіталу і інвестицій і методика їх розрахунку по відкритій фінансової звітності українських підприємств.
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Yonkers, Michael A., and Marek Flis. "Return on capital employed at Naval Dental Center Gulf Coast." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9838.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedMBA Professional Report
Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
The purpose of this MBA Project is to provide a Return on Capital Employed model for Naval Dental Center Gulf Coast (NDCGC) resource managers. The model will enable the resource managers to evaluate financial and personnel assets appropriate for each dental clinic and to allocate assets as deemed necessary based on those results. NDCGC is required to report the Return on Investment (ROI) of each branch dental clinic (BDC) to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery on a quarterly basis. NDCGC has made an effort to calculate return on assets, but there has been little understanding of the source of the income, cost and assets valuation data used in the equation. NDCGC has recognized over the past fiscal year that using the measure of Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) vice ROI will give them the assessment of alternatives to optimize the use of resources. NDCGC has requested that a model be developed to analyze ROCE at each BDC. A breakdown and analysis of the ROCE equation will enable NDCGC to provide all BDCs with proper recommendations based on the outcomes of the study on ROCE's effectiveness. This project was conducted with the sponsorship and assistance of Naval Dental Center Gulf Coast.
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Yonkers, Michael A. Flis Marek. "Return on capital employed at Naval Dental Center Gulf Coast /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FYonkers%5FMBA.pdf.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003."MBA professional report"--Cover. Thesis advisor(s): Joseph G. San Miguel, Don E. Summers. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35). Also available online.
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Malmqvist, Daniel, and Madeleine Nilsson. "The signalling value of provisions : A study of the relation between provisions and firm performance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202552.
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To be able to understand future firm performance it is important to recognize and correctly evaluate what constitutes a signal. This study investigates if provisions contain signalling value regarding future firm performance. The study is conducted on firms listed on the Nasdaq OMX Stockholm from 2001 to 2010, constituting a sample of 2173 firm years. All the provision data has been manually collected from each of the firm’s annual reports. By using both univariate and multivariate analyses, the study provides new evidence regarding the association between provisions and firm performance. The findings indicate that firms who recognise restructuring provisions experience a performance improvement. The performance improvement is tied to the size of the restructuring provision i.e. the signal. Warranty and litigation provisions show no indications of having any relation to future firm performance. Thus, large restructuring provisions contain a signal of performance improvement, whereas warranty and litigation provisions do not. The thesis contributes to existing literature by providing new insight of how provisions functions as signals of firm performance
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Kwaasi, Adjei Emmanuel, and Kelvin Ubabuko. "The Consequences of Post-Merger & Acquisition Performance in Listed and Non-Listed Companies in Sweden : a Case Study for AstraZeneca AB, Cybercom Group AB, Grant Thornton Sweden AB and PayEx." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1107.
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Empirical research findings on the consequences of post-M&A performance have generated several result, although most of which are inconsistent. The relation of such post-M&A performances to non-listed and listed companies can be relative especially when considering the companies economic and financial structure and other prevailing factors associated to the host country. However, most of these have been attributed to the choice of performance measurement indicators. This paper analyses and evaluates existing performance indicators that have been employed in the literature. It is argued that to overcome the limitations found in financial indicators of performance, a need to pursue multiple measures of performance in post-M&A research is needed. It also argues that the motives for the transaction should also be included as performance indicators. This hybrid approach will allow researchers and practitioners to measure the overall success of merger and acquisitions.
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Lasisi, Toyin Ishola. "The Relationship between Corporate Governance and Organizational Performance in Nigerian Companies." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3399.
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The growing lack of confidence in public companies arises from the recent accounting scandals and corporate collapses, which have been attributed to the consequences of separation of ownership and control in modern firms. Agency theory predicts a conflict of interest between managers and shareholders that leads to agency costs and weak performance. This study used agency, stakeholders', and stewardship theories as the theoretical framework and multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and organizational performance in nonfinancial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The results of the study could help clarify understanding of corporate governance to managers, investors, and regulators who seek to understand how corporate governance impact firms' performance. In this study, corporate governance mechanisms included board independence, audit committee independence, board size, number of board meetings, and executive compensation. The data were collected from the firms' published accounts on their websites and on the archives of the Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period starting from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015. The measures of financial performance in the study were return on assets, return on capital employed, and Tobin's Q. The study found a positive but not statistically significant relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance. This study has implications for positive social change by showing managers and other stakeholders of firms how a good corporate governance system assures investor confidence, employee loyalty and commitment, the reduction in conflict of interest and agency costs, and a strong financial performance.
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Graham, Martin. "Measuring a firm's economic profitability : a study of the measurement of a firm's economic profitability with proposals for, and evaluations of, an ex post measure, return on total capital employed (ROTCE), and an ex ante measure, a modified version of Tobin's q (modq) employing current earnings in lieu of capital employed." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7268.
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Despite its significance for industrial economics, utility regulation and competition policy, the measurement of the economic profitability of a firm remains a relatively underresearched area. The difference between the Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), measured on a net replacement cost or current cost basis, and a firm's estimated risk adjusted cost of capital is favoured by many economic researchers and is widely employed in utility regulation, but strong claims have been made for Tobin's q (q - the ratio of the market value of a firm's securities to the cost of replicating the firm, often identified with the net replacement cost of its net assets). Both measures have shortcomings. Davis and Kay have drawn attention to, but have failed to fully explain, a bias in ARR when firms buy in goods and services. Bias in q due to the omission of hidden capital can be significant. In this paper, economic profitability is identified with a firm's input-output ratio expressed in present value terms, and with the internal rate of return on a firm's expenditure in the accounting year, both revenue and capital. In the case of ex Post profitability, the last two measures are shown to be equivalent. Departures from the form of these ideal measures explains the biases in both ARR and q. Employing the Capital Asset Pricing Model, two alternative, operational measures of a firm's economic profitability are derived from the ideal measures with a view to eliminating the biases in q and ARR. The ex post measure is called here the Return on Total Capital Employed (ROTCE) and the ex ante measure is called here modified Tobin's q (modq). ROTCE is appraised using data from a simple corporate model. modq is appraised using data extracted from the accounts of companies comprising the Buildings Materials and Food Manufacturing sectors of the FTA All Share Index. In this study, I/modq and 1/q are shown to be significantly correlated at the 95t confidence level, and some 45k of the difference between them can be associated with taxation effects. Associating market power with the product of Beta and the Return on Sales, 1/modq is found to be significantly related at the 95t confidence level with market power and wages deflated by market value.
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Maelum, Albin, and Linus Wallinder. "Sambandet mellan hållbarhetsarbete och lönsamhet : En studie om sambandet mellan noterade företags hållbarhetsarbete och lönsamhet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23638.
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Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns något sammanband mellan hållbarhetsarbete och lönsamheten hos de företag som är noterade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Metod: För att uppnå syftet med studien har en kvantitativ metod använts. En tvärsnittsdesign har varit grunden för de statistiska undersökningarna. Den empiriska data som har samlats in är av sekundär art där hållbarhetsarbetet har operationaliserats med hjälp av Folksam index för året 2013. Måtten på företagens lönsamhet består av nyckeltalen avkastning på eget kapital, avkastning på sysselsatt kapital och vinstmarginal. Dessa mått är inhämtade från företagens årsredovisningar från räkenskapsåret 2015. Vidare har den insamlade data analyserats med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik, Pearsons korrelationstest och linjära regressioner. Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visar hur ett positivt samband finns mellan samtliga nyckeltal som berör den finansiella lönsamheten i företagen och dess redovisade hållbarhetsdata. Avkastningen på eget kapital har ett svagt positivt samband med en signifikansnivå på 0,05. Avkastning på sysselsatt kapital har ett svagt positivt samband där signifikansnivån 0,1 analyserades. Vinstmarginalen har det starkaste sambandet med en förklaringsgrad på 52,1 procent och en signifikansnivå på 0,01. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett förslag till vidare forskning är att göra en studie under en längre period, men även att jämföra hållbarhetsarbete inom Europa. Den nya lagen som träder i kraft under 2017 är även en intressant ståndpunkt. Detta för att se hur det kan påverka sambandet mellan hållbarhetsarbete och lönsamhet. Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studies praktiska bidrag visar hur sambandet mellan noterade företag hållbarhetsarbete och lönsamhet ser ut. År 2013 var de ungefär 226 företag som redovisade sitt hållbarhetsarbete vilket även utformar studiens population. Det teoretiska bidraget i denna studie är att se vilket samband hållbarhetsarbete och lönsamhet verkligen har och studien berör tre olika mått på företagens finansiella prestation. Samt om det förekom ett positivt, negativt eller neutralt samband mellan den beroende och oberoende variabeln.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between sustainability performance and profitability of the companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Method: In order to achieve the aim of the study a quantitative method used. A cross-sectional design has been the basis of the analyses. The empirical data that have been collected from the secondary nature in which sustainability work has been operationalized with the help of Folksam Index for the year 2013. The dimensions of financial performance consist the keywords, return on equity, return on capital employed and profit margin. These measurements are obtained from annual reports from the year of 2015. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and linear regressions. Results & Conclusions: Our results demonstrate how a positive correlation exists between all the key figures relating to the financial profitability of businesses and its reported sustainability data. Return on equity has a weak positive correlation with a significance level of 0.05. After the analyze return on capital employed has a weak positive correlation with significance level of 0.1. The profit margin has the strongest relationship with an explanation rate of 52.1 percent and a significant correlation at a significance level of 0.01. Suggestions for future research: A proposal for further research is to make a study for a longer period, but also to compare the different European countries CSR. The new law that takes effect in 2017 is also an interesting position to see how it affects the relationship between CSR and corporate profitability during a specific timeline. Contribution of the thesis: This study practical contribution shows how the relationship between listed companies' sustainability performance and profitability looks. In 2013 it was approximately 226 companies that reported its sustainability work and these companies are the population in this study. The theoretical contribution of this study was to see what connection work on sustainability and profitability, indeed, and the study involves three different measures of corporate financial performances. If there was a positive, negative or neutral relationship between the dependent and independent variable.
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Veselý, Martin. "Aviation industry in global perspective." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201997.
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The hypothesis claims that full service carriers (FSCs) will be forced to change their operating models. Additionally, the trends which form aviation market of the future are explored. The investigation is based on a financial assessment of ten important airlines incorporated in four different regions across the globe, between 2005 and 2014. According to the findings the trend of liberalization will continue, thus FSCs will continue losing market share to low cost carriers (LCCs) and as such, they will be made to change the way they operate in order to survive. The future aviation market is defined by a reshuffle of demand towards emerging countries, further rationalization of operating models and consolidation.
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Luhr, Carl, and Alice Ålund. "The Financial Impact of having Women on the Board : A study on the gender composition of a board and its effect on a company's financial performance." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177479.
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The purpose of the study is to examine if the gender composition of a board has an effect on a company’s financial performance by analyzing their operating margin and return on capital employed (ROCE). The study is based on a quantitative method, studying companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Previous research has not been studying the gender composition of boards of Swedish companies and its effect on the company's financial performance in regard to their operating margin and return on capital employed. Therefore, this study has examined that in order to draw a conclusion regarding its possible effects. The data that is collected will be used as support in the analysis in order to understand how the current composition and effects are connected. This study will contribute with knowledge for companies in Sweden regarding gender composition of boards and the possible effects on their financial performance. But also, as support for the ongoing discussion regarding board composition and the current inequality in gender representation. In conclusion the study shows that return on capital employed and the proportion of women in the board has a positive relationship. Meaning that the bigger proportion of women in a board, the better return on capital employed the company has. However, for operating margin there was not a significant relationship and therefore a conclusion regarding that cannot be made.
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Parttimaa, Jenny, and Mathilda Bäckström. "The Pursuit of Motivating Employees : The connection between employee turnover and reward packages in the hotel – and insurance industry." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-38227.
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Motivating employees is one of the management top priorities nowadays. Motivated employees are less likely to leave the company, which leads to lower turnover rate which in turn can lead to lower costs for the company. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how organizations can increase employees’ motivation and lower employee turnover by using reward packages.
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, and J. A. Myroshnychenko. "Prediction of return on invested capital index." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16066.
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Palmhag, Gabriel, and Mattias Mårtensson. "Bygg dig en konkursbuffert : - En studie om sex nyckeltal som kan innebära finansiell oro för små bolag inom byggbranschen." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33937.
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Denna studies syfte var att analysera sex nyckeltal och se vilka samband dessa hade på riskbuffert sysselsatt kapital. Studien utfördes på 796 små byggbolag i Sverige under perioden 2009–2016 med hjälp av en binär logistisk regressionsanalys. Som teoretisk referensram användes working capital management och finansiell oro. Studien resulterade i att kapitalets omsättningshastighet, skuldränta och rörelsekapital/totala tillgångar uppvisade signifikanta negativa samband med riskbuffert sysselsatt kapital. Räntetäckningsgrad och avkastning på totalt kapital resulterade i signifikanta positiva samband med riskbuffert sysselsatt kapital. Skuldsättningsgrad resulterade intressant nog i ett icke signifikant negativt samband. Slutligendiskuterades byggbolagens sannolikhet för finansiell oro utifrån respektive nyckeltal.The aim of this study was to examine the relation between six independent key ratios with riskbuffer on capital employed. The study was conducted on 796 small construction enterprises in Sweden during 2009–2016 with a binary logistic regression model. As theoretical framework, working capital management and financial distress was applied. The study concluded that the capital turnover rate, interest payable and working capital to total assets had significant negative relations with riskbuffer on capital employed. However, the interest cover ratio and return on total assets were both significant positively related withriskbuffer on capital employed. Debt-to-equity ratio resulted interestly enough in a nonsignificant negative relation. Lastly, with regards taken to every respective key ratio, the probability of financial distress among the construction firms was discussed.
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Faltermeier, Julia. "The Return to capital: new facts and interpretation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666913.
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This thesis presents new facts on the aggregate return to capital and shows their implications for underlying drivers of investment and the efficiency of the alloca-tion of capital.
The first chapter analyzes aggregate returns to capital across countries. Although international capital flows were small, returns have converged since the 1970s. Trade integration appears a key driving force behind this trend because factor in-come shares of capital move with the aggregate return. As barriers to international trade fall, specialization in capital- or labor-intensive industries can explain a sig-nificant share of the convergence.
The second chapter examines why the return to capital in the U.S. has not fallen along with interest rates. Using firm-level data in production function estimation addresses some shortcomings of aggregate data. The results suggest that higher capital frictions dampened investment demand despite low interest rates. Rising markups, on the other hand, appear to have limited explanatory power.Aquesta tesi presenta noves aportacions pel que fa al retorn agregat del capital i mostra les seves implicacions amb els factors d’inversió subjacents i l’eficiència de l’assignació de capital. En el primer capítol s’analitza el retorn agregat del capital dels països. Tot i que els fluxos de capital internacional eren escassos, les rendibilitats han convergit des de la dècada de 1970. La integració del comerç és causant d’aquesta tendència, ja que el factor ingressos del capital es mou amb el retorn agregat. Com que les barreres al comerç internacional cauen, l’especialització en les indústries intensives en capital o en màa d’obra poden explicar una part important d’aquesta convergència. El segon capítol examina per què el retorn del capital als Estats Units no ha caigut amb els tipus d’interès. L’ús de dades d’empreses en l’estimació de la funció de producció corregeix algunes deficiències de les dades agregades. Els resultats suggereixen que les friccions de capital més elevades han fet disminuir la demanda d’inversió, malgrat els baixos tipus d’interès. L’augment dels marges, però, no pot explicar aquest desenvolupament.
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Wang, Zhimin. "Cost of capital and return on capital : U.S.-based multinational corporations versus U.S. domestic corporations /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594481961&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lee, Jinsoo. "Convergence in Global Capital Markets." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11490.
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In chapter 1, we show (i) that the risk-return characteristics of our sample of 17 developed stock markets of the world have converged significantly toward each other during our study period 1974 2004, and (ii) that this international convergence in risk-return characteristics is driven mainly by the declining country effect, rather than the rising industry effect, suggesting that the convergence is associated with international market integration. Specifically, we first compute the risk-return distance among international stock markets based on the Euclidean distance and find that the distance thus computed has been deceasing significantly over time, implying a mean-variance convergence. In particular, the average risk-return distance has decreased by about 43% over our sample period. The speed of convergence, however, varies greatly across individual markets, largely reflecting the initial distance of each individual market from the international average risk-return characteristic. Lastly, we document that the risk-return characteristics of our sample of 14 emerging markets have been converging rapidly toward those of developed markets in recent years. This development notwithstanding, emerging markets still remain as a distinct asset class.
In chapter 2, we examine the historical evolution of international earnings-to-price ratios for a sample of 17 markets over the period 1980 2004. We introduce a distance measure of earnings-to-price ratios among international stock markets and find that earnings-to-price ratios of 17 markets have significantly converged toward each other during the period. The average distance measure for 17 markets has decreased by about 80 percent during the period. The speed of convergence for individual markets varies and mainly reflects the initial distance of individual markets from the international average. We also find that although both country and industry effects account for convergence in earnings-to-price ratios among the sample markets, country effect dominates industry effect in terms of the magnitude. We further examine what could explain the declining country effect and document that the time trend of dividend-yield distance measure closely follows that of earnings-to-price distance measure. This result suggests that convergence in earnings-to-price ratio is mainly due to convergence in economic factors such as growth opportunities or discount rates rather than due to convergence in accounting practices.
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Howard, William Ford. "An investment strategy based on return on capital and earnings yield." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97332.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Portfolio managers and investors have developed numerous stock-picking strategies for managing stock market portfolios, many of which have been researched extensively in international markets. For example, research has shown that value stocks have higher returns than growth stocks in markets around the world (Fama & French 1998). A very popular value investing strategy is the ‘magic formula’ developed and published by Joel Greenblatt, in 2006, in his book The little book that beats the market. This strategy is based on constructing portfolios where return on capital and earnings yield are used as selection criteria. Greenblatt (2010) provided results that showed that the magic formula strategy was able to persistently outperform the United States stock market from 1988 to 2009. This study provides a back-test of the magic formula on stocks listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the period 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2013. The return was benchmarked against the FTSE/JSE J203 All Share Total Return Index and several other popular value investing strategies over the same period. It was found that, even after adjusting for risk, the magic formula was able to consistently outperform the market index. While the magic formula was able to outperform the market index, it was not the top performing value investing strategy evaluated in this study. The magic formula was outperformed by the combination of size and book-to-market, book-to-market alone, dividend yield, and earnings yield value investing strategies. While the magic formula, and the above mentioned value investing strategies, were able to outperform the market index in terms of overall geometric mean returns, there is not enough evidence to conclude that these value investing strategies outperformed the market index by a statistically significant margin.
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Kim, Kyoung Yong. "Capital adequacy requirements and the risk-return profile of Korean banks." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/capital-adequacy-requirements-and-the-riskreturn-profile-of-korean-banks(c30cb9c9-e030-40f6-b0b9-f5d0e891933d).html.
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Bank supervision in general, and capital adequacy requirements in particular, are concerned fundamentally with bank safety, the stability of the financial system and depositor protection. Bank safety and the stability of the banking and financial system are crucially influenced by the public confidence that depositors and other creditors have in the banks and banking system. Bank capital adequacy is a critical element in generating public confidence in a bank's ability to handle uncertainty and as the ultimate defence against such losses. In this context, capital adequacy regulations by the supervisory authorities have become an increasingly important policy tool to help curb the amount of risk exposure that a bank can assume, thereby helping to preserve public confidence in a bank and the banking system as a whole. Capital adequacy regulations essentially operate on a bank's risk and return profile. This role of capital adequacy requirements is particularly important in Korea. To examine the impact of the new capital adequacy requirements on bank's risk-return profile, an event study methodology was developed. The empirical results using the OLS and SURE estimation indicated strongly that the new capital standards in Korea did not have an impact on bank shareholders' wealth, whereas they had an apparent partial effect on banks' risk, at least perceived by investors in Korea. In addition, no intra-industry effects were found. Our conclusions reveal some policy implications. Firstly, supervisory authorities should reexamine and reassess the present supervisory monitoring system and reestablish it to be appropriate for the new, more vulnerable and competitive (deregulating) financial environment. Secondly, to improve the supervisory monitoring process, the supervisory authorities should enhance the role of the market. Finally, under a environment where the free market is being emphasised in resource allocation, bank supervisors should always consider the simultaneous impact of structural deregulation and supervisory re-regulation within their policy-making process.
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Kempe, Christian. "Cash return on capital invested als Methode zur Unternehmensbewertung : Theorie und Empirie /." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010526710&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Hawkins, Paul Michael. "Optimising portfolios of credit risks by maximising expected return on economic capital." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268888.
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Visser, André. "The return of capital to shareholders by means of a repurchase of securities." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46014.
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Sections 46 and 48 of the Companies Act, 2008, regulates the process for implementing a share repurchase within a company. This study analyses the historical development of the implementation of share repurchase legislation in South African company law, by analysing the capital maintenance rule that existed before 1999, and then following the recent developments through the changes to the Companies Act, 1973 in 1999, under promulgation of the Companies Act, 2008.
The study then analyses the provisions of sections 46 and 48 of the Companies Act, 2008, analysing those provisions from a practical implementation perspective to ascertain the procedural requirements applicable to directors and shareholders, and how the process of implementing a share repurchase may be implemented.
There is then an analysis of the share repurchase provisions in the USA, UK and Australia to compare them at a very high level to the provisions in South Africa mainly to ascertain whether or not the South African requirements are comparable to international best practice.
Finally, a very brief analysis is made of some other factors that may be relevant to a decision to return capital to shareholders by means of a share buy-back, to ascertain to what extent factors may impose higher requirements, influence the decision as to what mechanism to utilise to implement a return of capital to shareholders.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Mercantile Law
LLM
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Pringle, Sammie VanOrden Marc A. "Applying modern portfolio theory and the capital asset pricing model to DoD's information technology investments." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/March/09Mar%5FPringle.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technololgy Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Housel, Thomas J. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: CAPM, Capital Asset Pricing Model, KVA, Knowledge Value Added, Real Options, ROI, Return on Investment, MPT, Modern Portfolio Theory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-39). Also available in print.
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Rahman, Md Arifur. "On the information content of idiosyncratic equity return variation." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20115.
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Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Western Sydney, 2007.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Economics and Finance, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliography.
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Chun, Sungju. "Three essays on statistical inference for stock return predictions and capital asset pricing models." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31528.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
In this dissertation, I focus on econometric issues arising in the fields of Financial Economics. In the first chapter, I study return predictability in international equity markets focusing on the effects of the bias and spurious regression problems for statistical inference. The slope coefficient estimator in predictive regressions for stock returns is biased in the presence of a lagged stochastic regressor. Spurious regression may also occur if the underlying expected return is highly persistent. I consider the effect of these biases in the presence of data mining for the predictive variables. I find that the two biases can reinforce or offset each other, depending on the parameters of the model. I present a new bias expression valid with an unobserved true expected returns and re-evaluate return predictability in international equity markets adjusting for data mining associated with both effects. The second chapter studies tests for structural changes in the trend function of a univariate time series that are robust to whether the noise component is stationary (I (0)) or contains an autoregressive unit root (I (1)). The tests of interest are the robust procedures recently proposed by Perron and Yabu (2009) and Harvey, Leybourne and Taylor (2009), both of which attain the same limit distribution under I (0) and I (1) errors. We compare their finite sample size and power under different data-generating processes for the noise components. We apply the tests to a large historical panel of real exchange rates with respect to the U.S. dollar for 19 countries and document simultaneous shifts in level and trend for many series. The third chapter studies the sampling interval effect in estimating capital asset pricing models. In past empirical studies, the beta coefficient estimates are documented to be sensitive to the sampling interval used for returns. We provide a theoretical framework to explain this sampling interval effect. We show that it can be attributable to the existence of transitory components in stock prices, and provide empirical evidence supporting its presence.
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Chen, Zhihong. "Two essays on corporate governance and earnings quality /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ACCT%202005%20CHEN.
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Thamma-Apiroam, Rewat. "Identifying and estimating ability from nonlinear human capital earnings functions." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Cafeo, Reinaldo Cesar [UNESP]. "Estimativa do custo médio ponderado de capital em produtos agrícolas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101927.
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cafeo_rc_dr_botfca.pdf: 807318 bytes, checksum: 3216b6d5df542a12dab7c6f93afdbc49 (MD5)O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar o custo médio de capital em produtos agrícolas. Existem modelos que determinam o custo médio de capital no mercado de capitais, definindo parâmetro para fixação do que se chama de taxa mínima de atratividade em investimentos produtivos. Tais modelos levam em conta o custo de capital de terceiros, que é determinado a partir de pesquisas em linhas de crédito disponíveis no mercado e ainda o custo do capital próprio, este sim, requerendo uma análise detalhada de sua composição. Foi construído um modelo que pondere o custo de obter recursos de terceiros, quando houver, e o capital próprio, tendo por base o modelo CAPM – Capital AssetPrincing Model (Modelo de Precificação de Ativos) utilizado quando da análise de risco e retorno no mercado de capital. A finalidade deste estudo é aplicar esta metodologia na análise de risco e retorno em investimentos produtivos em setores que operam com produtos agrícolas. Para tanto foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, bem como a definição de materiais e métodos, com a apuração de resultados. Foi aplicado o modelo CAPM em uma ação selecionada comparando-o ao mercado acionário como um todo, representado pelo IBOVESPA. Em seguida foi construída carteira teórica de produtos agrícolas selecionados para este fim, denominado de I PRODUTOS AGRÍCOLAS. Em seguida foi analisado isoladamente cada produto selecionado, comparando-o a esta carteira teórica de produtos agrícolas, construída especialmente para tal fim. Com isso pretendeu-se testar cientificamente um modelo que permita, quando da análise da viabilidade de projetos no setor agrícola, estabelecer a taxa mínima de atratividade que retrate o risco e retorno no setor, ponderando o custo do capital próprio, originado a partir do modelo CAPM e o custo do capital de terceiros, baseado nas taxas de juros praticados pelo mercado...
This work had aimed to estimate the average cost of capital in agricultural products. There are templates that determine the average cost of capital on the capital market, defining parameter for fixing the called minimum rate of attractiveness in productive investments. These models take into account the cost of third-party capital, which is determined from searches on credit lines available in the market and even the cost of equity, this sim, requiring a detailed analysis of its composition. Will be built a model that considers the cost of taking the resources of third parties, when, and equity, on the basis of the CAPM Capital Asset Princing Model (asset pricing model) used when analyzing risk and return on the capital market. The purpose of this study is to apply this methodology in the analysis of risk and return in productive investments in sectors that operate with agricultural products. For both was conducted literature review as well as the definition of materials and methods, with the poll results. Was applied the CAPM model in a selected action comparing it to the stock market as a whole, represented by the IBOVESPA. Next was built theoretical portfolio of selected agricultural products for this purpose, called I agricultural products. Then was analyzed separately each product selected, comparing it to this theoretical portfolio of agricultural products, built especially for this purpose. This was intended to test scientifically a template that allows, when assessing the feasibility of projects in the agricultural sector, establish the minimum rate of attractiveness that portrays the risk and return in the sector, bearing in mind the cost of equity, originated from the CAPM and the cost of capital to third parties, based on the interest rates charged by the market. The model developed generated a theoretical reference in determining... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Wong, Andrew Kam Cheung. "Perceived earnings functions and 'ex ante' rates of return to higher education : a case study of Hong Kong." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006556/.
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Sowa, Victor. "Men and Women’s Return to Cognitive Skills. : Evidence from PIAAC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227789.
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Do men and women receive different pay-offs, in terms of wage, from cognitive skills in the Swedish labor market? To answer this, the classical Mincer equation is expanded with a variable for cognitive skills (literacy and numeracy) and an interaction term between being a male and cognitive skills to be able to distinguish the actual difference in pay-off. I use data from OECD’s PIAAC survey of adult skills, which provides a unique opportunity to examine gender pay-off differences concerning cognitive skills. The results show that men have a larger pay-off than women once occupation is sufficiently controlled for
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Fu, Yinqiao. "The Return of VC/PE Funds Financed Projects in China: An empirical study of the years 2009 to 2011." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20681.
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This paper presents an empirical study of the determinants that drive the investment performance of China’s venture capital (VC) and private equity (PE) funds. Using data on VC/PE funds backed initial public offerings (IPOs) from ChiNext between October 2009 to October 2011 and the internal rate of return (IRR) as the measurement for investment performance, this paper finds that fund experience has a positive influence on investment performance whereas investment scale and investment duration have a negative influence on investment performance.
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Dadd, Deneise Anson Donna. "Learning and applying financial metrics to evaluate human capital investments : the case of return on investment." Thesis, Open University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701083.
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Return on investment (ROI) is one of several financial metrics increasingly advocated and used to evaluate expenditures on hum~n capital initiatives. This thesis explored empirically the discrepancy between growing interest in, and uptake of, ROI for human capital investments on the one hand; and evidence to date that implementation is problematic and actual usage limited, on the other. From within a constructivist/interpretivist paradigm, ten attempts to apply ROI were identified and reconstructed using the qualitative techniques of observations, interviews and document analyses. These attempts were drawn from three different contexts - corporate, health service and international development. Concepts from seminal theories on learning and skills acquisition, knowledge, practice, context and their relationship with each other, as well as the introduction of new technical approaches, were selected to provide a framework to guide the enquiries and interpretation of data. The study found the term ROI was used as a bridging metric and understood in three ways - metaphorically, as an aspiration of value; literally, as a metric; and procedurally, as a method for planning and evaluating human capital investments. The metaphorical use of ROI was widespread as a way of expressing a common goal when dealing with key stakeholders. However, the metric was rarely utilised to measure human capital investments because applying it was difficult and time consuming; particularly linking the investment and service system performance through people performance. Methodically, ROI seemed to-function as an aspirational map for planning and evaluating human capital investments. Learning and applying the method, even partially, was valued and tended to lead to changed behaviour and organisational culture. Significant variations between the three contexts were noted, and it is argued that the contingencies affecting the uptake and appropriateness of ROI in different settings would likely affect the appropriateness of other financial metrics for evaluating human capital investments.
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Wigren, Emma, and Linda Nilsson. "The impact of Human Capital on earnings - a study regarding urban Vietnam." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45061.
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The stock of human capital plays an important role for a sustained economic development, both at the individual and the country level. In order to prosper as a middle income country Vietnam need to increase the nation ́s human capital stock and this thesis shows that human capital theory holds for investments in years of education, knowledge of a foreign language and experience. Human capital investments, such as educational attainment and knowledge of a foreign language, are estimated to have significant impact on earnings in year 2012. Subjective evidence through interviews and observations are used to understand the underlying interpretation of these results in order to see how the labor market actually works in Vietnam.
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Karlsson, Johanna, and Persson Didrik Brinkestam. "The High Risk and High Reward Game : Performance of Venture Capital Backed IPOs." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105689.
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For start-up businesses, the source of outside capital can be retrieved from the venture capital industry. The venture capital industry has grown substantially over the past 50 years, reaching its pinnacle during the internet bubble in the 1990s and serves as an important contributor to the economy. After some time, and optimally when the start-up has matured into a successful business, venture capitalists want to receive money in return for their investments. Most commonly, the exiting of venture capital investments is retrieved through an IPO. An IPO refers to the transition from a private corporation to a public corporation and occurs when a private corporation offers its shares to the public for the first time. The existing literature of IPOs is commonly associated with the depiction of abnormal returns. More precisely, the offer price is often underpriced in comparison to the closing price on the first day of trading. In addition, the returns 1 to 5 years after going public are often subject to subsequent declines (Miller & Riley, 1987; Ritter, 1998). A part of the underperformance of IPOs is anchored in the type of capital structure, venture capital. Thus, this study examines the relationship between venture capital backed IPOs and IPO performance. Furthermore, the relationship between the degree of venture capital, the amount of capital held by the venture capital firm in the IPO, and IPO performance are examined in order to discover eventual correlations. Concerning the performed analysis, the study concludes that there is no clear positive relationship between venture capital backing and IPO performance in the short run. However, one could interpret that being a VC-backed IPO can be prosperous for long-term performance since VC has a positive impact on ROA. Regarding the degree of venture capital, it had a negative impact on the ROA, i.e., the level of degree of venture capital does not have a positive impact on the IPO performance.
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Cafeo, Reinaldo Cesar 1961. "Estimativa do custo médio ponderado de capital em produtos agrícolas /." Botucatu, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101927.
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Orientador: Angelo CatâneoBanca: José Ricardo Scarelli Carrijo
Banca: Sérgio Augusto Lunardelli Furchi
Banca: Maura Seiko Tsutsi Esperancini
Banca: Zacarias Xavier de Barros
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar o custo médio de capital em produtos agrícolas. Existem modelos que determinam o custo médio de capital no mercado de capitais, definindo parâmetro para fixação do que se chama de taxa mínima de atratividade em investimentos produtivos. Tais modelos levam em conta o custo de capital de terceiros, que é determinado a partir de pesquisas em linhas de crédito disponíveis no mercado e ainda o custo do capital próprio, este sim, requerendo uma análise detalhada de sua composição. Foi construído um modelo que pondere o custo de obter recursos de terceiros, quando houver, e o capital próprio, tendo por base o modelo CAPM - Capital AssetPrincing Model (Modelo de Precificação de Ativos) utilizado quando da análise de risco e retorno no mercado de capital. A finalidade deste estudo é aplicar esta metodologia na análise de risco e retorno em investimentos produtivos em setores que operam com produtos agrícolas. Para tanto foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, bem como a definição de materiais e métodos, com a apuração de resultados. Foi aplicado o modelo CAPM em uma ação selecionada comparando-o ao mercado acionário como um todo, representado pelo IBOVESPA. Em seguida foi construída carteira teórica de produtos agrícolas selecionados para este fim, denominado de I PRODUTOS AGRÍCOLAS. Em seguida foi analisado isoladamente cada produto selecionado, comparando-o a esta carteira teórica de produtos agrícolas, construída especialmente para tal fim. Com isso pretendeu-se testar cientificamente um modelo que permita, quando da análise da viabilidade de projetos no setor agrícola, estabelecer a taxa mínima de atratividade que retrate o risco e retorno no setor, ponderando o custo do capital próprio, originado a partir do modelo CAPM e o custo do capital de terceiros, baseado nas taxas de juros praticados pelo mercado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work had aimed to estimate the average cost of capital in agricultural products. There are templates that determine the average cost of capital on the capital market, defining parameter for fixing the called minimum rate of attractiveness in productive investments. These models take into account the cost of third-party capital, which is determined from searches on credit lines available in the market and even the cost of equity, this sim, requiring a detailed analysis of its composition. Will be built a model that considers the cost of taking the resources of third parties, when, and equity, on the basis of the CAPM Capital Asset Princing Model (asset pricing model) used when analyzing risk and return on the capital market. The purpose of this study is to apply this methodology in the analysis of risk and return in productive investments in sectors that operate with agricultural products. For both was conducted literature review as well as the definition of materials and methods, with the poll results. Was applied the CAPM model in a selected action comparing it to the stock market as a whole, represented by the IBOVESPA. Next was built theoretical portfolio of selected agricultural products for this purpose, called I agricultural products. Then was analyzed separately each product selected, comparing it to this theoretical portfolio of agricultural products, built especially for this purpose. This was intended to test scientifically a template that allows, when assessing the feasibility of projects in the agricultural sector, establish the minimum rate of attractiveness that portrays the risk and return in the sector, bearing in mind the cost of equity, originated from the CAPM and the cost of capital to third parties, based on the interest rates charged by the market. The model developed generated a theoretical reference in determining... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Viljoen, Hendrina Helena. "Human Capital Return-on-Investment (HCROI) in South African companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20047.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The management of human capital requires meaningful measures of human capital effectiveness that enable better strategic human resource decision-making. Existing measures, such as Human Capital Return on Investment (HCROI), allow human resource managers to quantify the bottom-line impact of human capital expenditure, but little is known about how HCROI varies within the population of listed companies. As a result, users of these metrics rarely know how they ‘measure up’ against their competitors in the absence of normative information. If human capital is considered a source of competitive advantage, measures of human capital effectiveness should also allow for normative comparisons. The present study extracted audited financial data from McGregor BFA (2010) and described the central tendency and dispersion of HCROI of Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) listed companies (N = 319). In doing so, it established a set of benchmarks for human capital effectiveness measures across industry and company size categories, as well as described temporal changes over the financial years surveyed (2006 - 2010). Even though South Africa is considered to have a very low labour force productivity level compared to other countries (Schwab, 2010 in World Competitive Report, 2010/2011), the results showed that the grand median HCROI ratio for South African listed companies was higher (M = 3.03) than those from published figures from the USA, EU and UK (PwC Saratoga, 2011). This descriptive research also explored the influence of company size (small, medium or large) and company industry (N = 42) on human capital effectiveness (as indexed by HCROI). No statistically significant differences (p > .05) between the median HCROI ratios across company size categories were found, although notable differences in medians of HCROI across company industry categories were observed. HCROI also showed temporal fluctuations over the study period, reflecting economic cycle influences, but year-on-year changes were bigger when the mean HCROI was used — median HCROI remained relatively stable year-on-year. From the research, several recommendations are made regarding the appropriate use of these HCROI benchmark data. Also, this descriptive study lays a solid foundation for future explanatory research aimed at investigating the antecedents, correlates and consequences of human capital return-on-investment (HCROI) as an indicator of human capital effectiveness. The present study contributes to human capital metrics literature by demonstrating how human capital effectiveness indicators can be calculated from audited financial results available in the public domain, and in doing so, attempts to encourage greater use of human capital reporting in financial reporting standards.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bestuur van mensekapitaal vereis betekenisvolle metings van menskapitaaleffektiwiteit wat beter strategiese menslike hulpbron-besluitneming tot gevolg het. Bestaande metings, soos Menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs (HCROI), laat menslike hulpbronbestuurders toe om die finansiële impak van die menskapitaaluitgawe te kwantifiseer, maar min is bekend oor hoe menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengste tussen die populasie van gelyste maatskappye varieer. Die gevolg is dat die gebruikers van hierdie metrieke aanduiders (metrics) selde weet hoe hulle ‘opmeet’ teen hul mededingers in die afwesigheid van normatiewe inligting. Indien menskapitaal as ‘n bron van ykmerk (benchmark) oorweeg kan word, moet die meting van menskapitaaleffektiwiteit ook normatiewe vergelykings toelaat. Die huidige studie het geouditeerde finansiële data vanaf McGregor BFA (2010) onttrek en die sentrale neiging en verspreiding van menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs van die maatskappye wat op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs gelys is (N = 319), beskryf. Sodoende het dit ‘n stel ykmerke vir menskapitaaleffektiwiteit-metings daargestel oor die industrie- en maatskappy-grootte kategorieë heen, sowel as om reële veranderinge oor die finansiële jare (2006 – 2010) wat ondersoek is, te beskryf. Alhoewel Suid-Afrika met ‘n baie lae arbeidsmag produktiwiteitsvlak geag word in vergelyking met ander lande (Schwab, 2010 in World Competitive Report, 2010/2011), het die resultate getoon dat die algehele mediaan menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs ratio vir Suid-Afrikaans-gelyste maatskappye hoër (M = 3.03) was as die gepubliseerde syfers van die V.S.A., Europa en die Verenigde Koninkryk (PwC Saratoga, 2011). Hierdie beskrywende navorsing het ook die invloed van maatskappy-grootte (groot, medium of klein) en maatskappy-sektore (N = 42) op menskapitaaleffektiwiteit (soos geïndekseer deur die menskapitaal-beleggingsopbrengs) ondersoek. Geen statistiese beduidende verskille (p > .05) is tussen die menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs mediaan ratio’s oor die maatskappy-grootte kategorieë gevind nie, alhoewel daar noemenswaardige verskille in die mediaan van menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs oor die maatskappy-sektor kategorieë waargeneem is. Menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs het ook temporale skommelinge oor die studieperiode getoon, wat ekonomiese siklus-invloede reflekteer het, maar jaar-op-jaar veranderinge was groter indien die gemiddelde (mean) menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs gebruik was – mediaan menskapitaalbeleggingopbrengs het relatief stabiel van jaar-tot-jaar gebly. Uit hierdie navorsing word verskeie aanbevelings gemaak rakende die toepaslike gebruik van die menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs ykmerk-data. Die beskrywende studie lê ook ‘n vaste fondament vir toekomstige verklarende navorsing wat daarop gerig is om die voorafgaande veranderlikes (antecedents), korrelate en gevolge van menskapitaalbeleggingsopbrengs as ‘n indikator van menskapitaaleffektiwiteit te ondersoek. Die huidige studie dra tot die menskapitaalmaatstawweliteratuur by deur te demonstreer hoe menskapitaaleffektiwiteit indikatore vanaf geouditeerde finansiële resultate kan bereken word wat op die openbare domein beskikbaar is. Daardeur word gepoog om groter gebruik van menskapitaalrapportering in finansiële verslagdoeningstandaarde aan te moedig.
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Hansson, Magnus. "What New or Supplementary Answers can the Life Story Approach provide within the Field of Return Migration and Entrepreneurship? : - A Case Study of Ghanaian Returnees." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58332.
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Abstract Hansson, Magnus (2011): What New or Supplementary Answers can the Life Story Approach provide within the Field of Return Migration and Entrepreneurship? A Case Study of Ghanaian Returnees. Human Geography, Advanced level, Master thesis for Master Exam in Human Geography, 15 ECTS Supervisor: Bo Malmberg Language: English Short summary Researchers have claimed that return migrants from developing countries have great potential to influence the development process in terms of economic growth and poverty lessening. The primary aim of this thesis is, to provide new or additional information regarding why some Ghanaian returnees fail to set up a micro, small or medium enterprise while some others succeed. The secondary aim is to explain which capital gained abroad is of significant importance for Ghanaian return migrants’ success in setting up a business. For carrying out the research purposes, life story interviews with Ghanaian returnees who are running a business have been carried out in Ghana. Interviews with experts within the field of migration have been carried out as well as a literature review of the topic. Theories related to return migration reviewed in this thesis are, New economics of labour migration and the Structural approach, Transnationalism and the Social network theory, the Human capital theory and the Financial capital theory. The results showed that explanations for outcomes of returnees’ entrepreneurial activities are very complex and can be explained by many variables. Findings from the field research shows that social as well as human capital is more important than financial capital for Ghanaian returnees when setting up a business.
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Chen, Huei-Ling III. "Empirical Studies of Human Capital Formation: The Role of Family, Sibling, and Neighborhood." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30520.
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The formation of human capital is the main issue in this dissertation. More specifically, this dissertation discusses two alternative types of transferring human capital, in contrast to the transfer of human capital from parents to their children's education. These two types of transfer are sibling effect and neighborhood effect on children's education. Chapter 1 discusses the sibling effect on children's education, "Household Models and Formations of Human Capital with Sibling Effect in Iran." The neighborhood effect on children's education will be discussed in Chapter 2, "Intergenerational Transfer of Human Capital from Parents to Children: Does Neighborhood Matter?" Chapter 3 measures and describes the rate of return on human capital in Taiwan, "Rate of Return on Education by Using Sibling Data from Taiwan."
My empirical results show the following findings. First, the presence of older sisters increases younger sisters' and brothers' education. After controlling the resource contribution factor, the empirical result suggests that a role model effect exists between daughters -- the education of older sisters benefits younger sisters in Iran. Second, assuming that the unobserved parent's preference on children's education is not correlated to the unobserved parent's preference on neighborhood, our results suggest that choosing a "good" neighborhood is important for children's education in Iran. Third, the results suggest that in 1990 data from Taiwan, upward bias in the rate of return on schooling due to the omission of family background factors is significant.Ph. D.
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Hagberg, Johanna, and Jonas Magnusson. "Risk i fastighetsbolag : - en kvantitativ studie av kommunala och privata fastighetsbolag." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11017.
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Jämfört med andra branscher har fastighetsmarknaden låg avkastning på totala tillgångar, de utnyttjar istället en hävstångsstrategi för att skapa mer effektiv utväxling på eget kapital. Det finns många riskvariabler kopplat till fastighetsbranschen och flera sätt att differentiera sig från den osystematiska risken. De kommunala fastighetsbolagen har en finansieringskälla Kommuninvest, som enbart vänder sig till allmännyttiga bolag och inte privata aktörer. Syftet med uppsatsen är att historiskt analysera hur risk och avkastning genererats av kommunala och privata fastighetsbolag. Metoden är kvantitativ, kombinerat med en deduktiv metod och som har en förklarande ansats. Utifrån teori har vi formulerat tre hypoteser för att undersöka om vi kan finna indikatorer på hur kommunala och privata fastighetsbolag skiljer sig till från varandra. För att genomföra undersökningen har uppsatsen utgått från en kvantitativ metod och statistiska test har gjorts för att kunna analysera utfallen. Resultaten indikerar på att det finns en signifikant skillnad mellan kommunala och privata fastighetsbolag i två av hypoteserna. Hur undersökningen är genomförd beskrivs i den empiriska metoden. Från de resultat som blivit har det fastställts att det finns mer att undersöka och nya förslag på fortsatt forskning har utformats.Compared to other industries, real estate markets have historically low return on total assets, instead they use a leverage strategy to create a more efficient ratio on return on equity. There are many risk variables associated with real estate and several ways for real estate firms to differentiate themselves from the unsystematic risk. The municipal property firms have a funding source Kommuninvest, only turning to public utilities and not private actors. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical risk and return generated by municipal and private property firms. The method is quantitative, combined with a deductive theory, which has an explanatory approach. Based on theory we have formulated three hypotheses to explore and see if we can find indicators of how differences between municipal and private property is. To conduct the survey, the thesis has a quantitative method and statistical tests to analyze the outcomes. The results indicate that there is a significant difference in two of the hypotheses between municipal and private property. How the survey is conducted is described in the empirical method. From the results determined, the intention shows that there is more to explore, and new suggestions for further research have been suggested.
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Завгородній, І. В. "Управління активами сучасного підприємства." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68897.
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Мета роботи – теоретичне обґрунтування аналізу ефективності використання основних і оборотних фондів підприємства та розробка та розробка організаційно-економічних та методичних підходів, принципів, практичних рекомендацій з підвищення їх ефективності використання та відтворення в умовах перехідної економіки, а також застосування цієї теорії на прикладі основних і оборотних фондів КП «Шляхрембуд».У першому розділі роботи «Теоретичні основи використання основних виробничих фондів» аналізується сутність, форми і види, показники використання основних фондів, їх відтворення та джерела фінансування.
У другому розділі роботи «Оцінка оборотного капіталу підприємства» наведені склад, структура, показники оборотності обігових коштів, їх нормування.
У третьому розділу роботи «Управління використанням основного і оборотного капіталу підприємств» проведено розрахунок показників, на основі яких оцінено рівень використання основних і оборотних фондів та проаналізовано особливості перебігу відтворюваних процесів на підприємстві, висвітлено основні напрямки поліпшення використання основного і оборотного капіталу.
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Миленко, Ю. А. "Економічний аналіз господарської діяльності лісогосподарського об’єднання." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68928.
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Предмет дослідження даного проекту – аналіз господарської діяльності підприємства та напрямки підвищення ефективності використання ресурсно-виробничого потенціалу.
Об'єктом дослідження є Конотопське Державне лісогосподарське об`єднання.
Ціль роботи – на основі проведеного аналізу, розробити і запропонувати заходи, реалізація яких дасть змогу закласти фундамент ефективного розвитку підприємств лісогосподарського і лісопромислового комплексів.
Практично всі дослідження в області удосконалення форм господарювання в лісогосподарській діяльності проводилися на основі аналізу стану ресурсно-виробничого потенціалу, що дає змогу сформулювати напрями підвищення ефективності та інтенсифікації використання лісових ресурсів, якісного проведення лісогосподарських робіт з метою збереження лісосировинних ресурсів ,розширення асортименту продукції для більшого задоволення потреб споживачів. Які методи застосовні для нашої держави на сучасному етапі і які перспективи проглядаються надалі і досліджує дана робота.
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Hafer, Gail Heyne. "The impact of customer mix on the cost of capital for electric utilities." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53621.
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This dissertation investigates the perceived riskiness of electric utilities based on their mix of residential and industrial customers. While previous studies have attempted to develop a simple measure of the total riskiness of individual customer classes, this study examines the relative riskiness of the total utility as impacted by customer mix. Because the cost of risk is an element in the determination of the utility's revenue requirement, it impacts the set of optimal tariffs derived from a constrained welfare-maximization problem.
The null hypothesis that investors do not base their perception of the riskiness of a utility on the customer mix is tested against the alternatives that residential customers decrease and that industrial customers increase the perceived riskiness of a utility. The hypothesis is examined using cross-sectional data for 1981. The weighted-average, after-tax cost of capital is used to measure the relative riskiness of the utility. In addition to the customer mix variables, the explanatory variables include operational and regulatory variables. The analysis provides support for the hypothesis that investors do not differentiate the riskiness of a utility based on the size of the residential class. Further, the analysis permits rejection of the alternative hypothesis that investors perceive a utility to be more risky when its customer mix is heavily industrial. The results suggest that, in fact, investors may associate greater risk with an absence of industrial customers.Ph. D.
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Hesse, Rainer. "Patentinformationen als Risikoindikator für Venture-Capital-Investments." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-23743.
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Der Erfolg von Innovationen ist unsicher. Wer Kapital in Innovationen investiert, möchte etwas über die Risiken wissen. Mit diesem Wissen können Fondsmanager von Venture-Capital-Gesellschaften ihre Investitionsentscheidung begründen und die Höhe ihrer Renditeforderung ermitteln. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, wie Patente über Investitionsrisiken von Venture-Capital-Beteiligungen informieren. Fondsmanager können die Patente der eigenen Portfoliounternehmen und die Patente der Wettbewerber nutzen, um systematisch Risiken in der Entwicklung ihrer Portfoliounternehmen zu erkennen und zu bewerten. Der Autor definiert und klassifiziert zunächst sowohl Patentdaten als auch Risiken. Er erklärt, wie die relevanten Informationen durch die Verknüpfung von Patentdaten, Risiken und Portfoliounternehmen entstehen und welche Rolle Indikatoren spielen. In der Hauptuntersuchung prüft er, durch welche Patentinformationen sich konkrete Gefahren erkennen lassen und welche Indikatoren sich zu diesem Zweck eignen. Für die Prüfung nutzt er in explorativer Weise die theoriebildende und empirische Literatur bisheriger Patentindikatorenforschung. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass eine Reihe rechtlicher Risiken gut durch Patentinformationen erkennbar ist. Teilweise ist für ihre Bewertung jedoch nach wie vor qualitatives Fachwissen spezialisierter Patentanwälte unumgänglich. Risiken des technologischen Wandels lassen sich nach Meinung des Autors kaum durch Patentinformationen im Voraus erkennen. An einem Beispiel werden die theoretischen und methodischen Schwächen in der Literatur vorherrschender Technologielebenszyklusmodelle verdeutlicht. Wettbewerbsrisiken hingegen können mit Patentinformationen nicht nur gut erkannt werden, sondern die indizierenden Patendaten lassen sich auch statistisch gut erfassen, auswerten und direkt in Scoringmodelle übertragen. Abschließend hinterfragt der Autor kritisch die Zuverlässigkeit und Aussagekraft der Befunde durch grundlegende Klassifizierungsprobleme und gibt Anstöße für weiterführende Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Risiko- und Performancemessung von Venture-Capital-InvestmentsThe success of innovations is uncertain. People investing capital in innovations would like to know something about their risks. If fund managers of venture capital firms knew these risks, they would be able to justify their investment decisions and to determine the height of their claim for yield. In this thesis, the author examines how patents inform about investment risks of ven-ture capital participations. Fund managers can use those patents of their own portfo-lio companies and the patents of the competitors in order to recognize and evaluate risks systematically in the development of their ventures. First, the author defines and classifies both patent data and risks. He explains how the relevant information arises by linking patent data, risks and venture and he ex-plains the importance of indicators. In the main part of this thesis, he examines by which patent information concrete dangers could be recognized and which indicators are suitable to this purpose. For this examination, he uses theory grounding and em-pirical literature of past patent indicator research in an explorative way. It shows up that a couple of legal risks are well recognizable by patent information. However, in part, the qualitative knowledge of specialized patent lawyers is still needed. According to the author's opinion, risks of technological changes are hardly to recognize by patent information in advance. An example shows the theoretical and methodical weaknesses of the technology life cycle models, predominating in the lit-erature. However, competitive risks can be well recognized by patent information. Furthermore, the indicating patent data can be well seized statistically, evaluated and transferred directly in scoring models, too. Finally, the author discusses the reliability and explanatory power of the results using basic classification problems and gives hints for further research in the area of risk and performance measuring of venture capital investments
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Vogiazides, Louisa. "Return migration, transnationalism and development : Social remittances of returnees from Sweden to Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77059.
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This thesis explores the effects of return migration on development through the case of returnees from Sweden to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on thirteen in-depth interviews and observation, it examines returnees’ ‘social remittances’, which consist of ideas, practices, and social capital (or social connections) that migrants bring to their countries of origin. The thesis adopts a transnational perspective highlighting returnees’ simultaneous connections in their host and home countries. It identifies various types of social remittance transfers such as ideas and practices in the areas of health, the environment and work, as well as social connections with investors, business partners, and political and academic actors in Sweden. One major finding is that returnees’ knowledge of the Swedish language, the market, work and business culture contribute to building trust with actors in Sweden, which facilitates trade and investment between the countries. The thesis also highlights a number of economic, political and personal constraints faced by returnees in their return process which, in turn, affect their capacity to transfer social remittances. It concludes that returnees can potentially contribute to development, but their contributions are largely conditioned by the existing social, economic, legal and political environment.
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Fratus, Brian J. "Rational asset pricing : book-to-market equity as a proxy for risk in utility stocks /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020322/.
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Moussa, Ousseini Djibrilla. "Le coût du capital dans l'entreprise familiale non cotée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0022/document.
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Le coût du capital est la pierre angulaire de la théorie financière. Pourtant,pour la forme d’organisation la plus ancienne et la plus répandue dans le monde qu’est l’entreprise familiale non cotée (EFNC), les modèles traditionnels d’estimation du coût du capital sont d’une très faible utilité. Ces modèles s’inscrivent, pour la plupart, dans le cadre de la théorie de l’utilité espérée. Ils ne considèrent que le risque de l’investissement et son lien avec la rentabilité espérée. La présente étude, contrairement à l’approche traditionnelle fondée sur la maximisation de la valeur de marché, adopte une approche comportementale fondée sur l’utilité, afin de pouvoir prendre en compte les spécificités qui caractérisent l’EFNC. Des modèles spécifiques de détermination du coût du capital sont développés puis testés sur 12043EFNC françaises. L’étude met particulièrement en évidence l’importance des motivations non financières, notamment celle de la pérennité, de l’indépendance financière et du métier de l’entreprise, dans la formation du coût du capital, et leurs impacts sur le comportement financier de l’EFNCThe Unlisted Family Business (UFB) is the oldest and most widespread organizational form in the world. However, traditional models for estimating the cost of capital are interested only in large listed companies and do not not take into account the specificities of the UFB. Most of those models are constructed within the expected utility framework. They consider only the investment risk and its association with the expected return. This study, in contrast to the traditional approach based on market value maximization, adopts a behavioral approach based on utility, in order to take into account the specificities that characterize UFBs. Specific models for estimating the cost of capital are developed and tested. The study is based on a sample made up of 12,043 French UFBs from the Diane database covering a period of 8 years (2004-2011). It particularly highlights the importance of non-financial incentives, including that of long term survival, financial independence and the company's industry, in the formation of the cost of capital, and their impacts on the financial behavior of the UFB
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Burombo, Emmanuel Chamunorwa. "Statistical modelling of return on capital employed of individual units." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19627.
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Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) is a popular financial instrument and communication tool for the appraisal of companies. Often, companies management and other practitioners use untested rules and behavioural approach when investigating the key determinants of ROCE, instead of the scientific statistical paradigm. The aim of this dissertation was to identify and quantify key determinants of ROCE of individual companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), by comparing classical multiple linear regression, principal components regression, generalized least squares regression, and robust maximum likelihood regression approaches in order to improve companies decision making. Performance indicators used to arrive at the best approach were coefficient of determination ( ), adjusted ( , and Mean Square Residual (MSE). Since the ROCE variable had positive and negative values two separate analyses were done.
The classical multiple linear regression models were constructed using stepwise directed search for dependent variable log ROCE for the two data sets. Assumptions were satisfied and problem of multicollinearity was addressed. For the positive ROCE data set, the classical multiple linear regression model had a of 0.928, an of 0.927, a MSE of 0.013, and the lead key determinant was Return on Equity (ROE),with positive elasticity, followed by Debt to Equity (D/E) and Capital Employed (CE), both with negative elasticities. The model showed good validation performance. For the negative ROCE data set, the classical multiple linear regression model had a of 0.666, an of 0.652, a MSE of 0.149, and the lead key determinant was Assets per Capital Employed (APCE) with positive effect, followed by Return on Assets (ROA) and Market Capitalization (MC), both with negative effects. The model showed poor validation performance. The results indicated more and less precision than those found by previous studies. This suggested that the key determinants are also important sources of variability in ROCE of individual companies that management need to work with.
To handle the problem of multicollinearity in the data, principal components were selected using Kaiser-Guttman criterion. The principal components regression model was constructed using dependent variable log ROCE for the two data sets. Assumptions were satisfied. For the positive ROCE data set, the principal components regression model had a of 0.929, an of 0.929, a MSE of 0.069, and the lead key determinant was PC4 (log ROA, log ROE, log Operating Profit Margin (OPM)) and followed by PC2 (log Earnings Yield (EY), log Price to Earnings (P/E)), both with positive effects. The model resulted in a satisfactory validation performance. For the negative ROCE data set, the principal components regression model had a of 0.544, an of 0.532, a MSE of 0.167, and the lead key determinant was PC3 (ROA, EY, APCE) and followed by PC1 (MC, CE), both with negative effects. The model indicated an accurate validation performance. The results showed that the use of principal components as independent variables did not improve classical multiple linear regression model prediction in our data. This implied that the key determinants are less important sources of variability in ROCE of individual companies that management need to work with.
Generalized least square regression was used to assess heteroscedasticity and dependences in the data. It was constructed using stepwise directed search for dependent variable ROCE for the two data sets. For the positive ROCE data set, the weighted generalized least squares regression model had a of 0.920, an of 0.919, a MSE of 0.044, and the lead key determinant was ROE with positive effect, followed by D/E with negative effect, Dividend Yield (DY) with positive effect and lastly CE with negative effect. The model indicated an accurate validation performance. For the negative ROCE data set, the weighted generalized least squares regression model had a of 0.559, an of 0.548, a MSE of 57.125, and the lead key determinant was APCE and followed by ROA, both with positive effects.The model showed a weak validation performance. The results suggested that the key determinants are less important sources of variability in ROCE of individual companies that management need to work with. Robust maximum likelihood regression was employed to handle the problem of contamination in the data. It was constructed using stepwise directed search for dependent variable ROCE for the two data sets. For the positive ROCE data set, the robust maximum likelihood regression model had a of 0.998, an of 0.997, a MSE of 6.739, and the lead key determinant was ROE with positive effect, followed by DY and lastly D/E, both with negative effects. The model showed a strong validation performance. For the negative ROCE data set, the robust maximum likelihood regression model had a of 0.990, an of 0.984, a MSE of 98.883, and the lead key determinant was APCE with positive effect and followed by ROA with negative effect. The model also showed a strong validation performance. The results reflected that the key determinants are major sources of variability in ROCE of individual companies that management need to work with.
Overall, the findings showed that the use of robust maximum likelihood regression provided more precise results compared to those obtained using the three competing approaches, because it is more consistent, sufficient and efficient; has a higher breakdown point and no conditions. Companies management can establish and control proper marketing strategies using the key determinants, and results of these strategies can see an improvement in ROCE.Mathematical Sciences
M. Sc. (Statistics)
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Huang, Huang-Ta, and 黃煌達. "Initial Return and Capital Expenditure - A Research on IPO Stocks." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86452454110077095987.
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碩士中國文化大學
會計研究所
93
Managers are always thinking about two uncertainly questions - the availabilities of investment opportunity, and the cost of employed capital. These cognitions of these two questions will crucially affect managers’ attitudes of investment decision making. Furthermore, they may drive firms’ long-run operation performance. Van Bommel and Vermaelen (2003) propose the “Market Feed-back Hypothesis”, a theory suggesting that managers will remunerate consider the initial return as a key indicator to acquire infor-mation regarding the firm’s value and future investment opportunities. The in-formation may be further analyzed to determine the firm’s proposed cost of capital. Once the pro-posed cost of capital has been determined, the firm’s future investment plan has been established. This study examines the relationship among initial returns、firm’s expected growth rate and managers’ investment decisions at ex-IPO and post-IPO. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) will be utilized to test the hypothesis. The sample covers 102 IPO firms from Taiwan stock exchange at the year of 2001. The results indicate a statistically positive relationship among initial return and capital expenditure level and expected growth rate during ex-IPO. It suggests firm’s in-vestment decision may affect not only the firm’s future growth, but the investors’ in-vestment decision as well. Besides, investor’s corporate value expectation may also af-fect manager’s investment decision. The results suggest that IPO participants will be considered as sounded investors that will affect firm’s operation for several years.
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Sun, Ming-hong, and 孫銘宏. "An Oscillation Model between Employment Rate and Return on Capital." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15490795458275410982.
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Chang, Nien-Feng, and 江年豐. "A Study on the influence factors of banking capital return." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9d8qza.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
96
The main purpose of every business is to make profit. It is vital to avoid risk before achieving profits. This research attempts to focus on banking industry to explore factors of return on capital. Since the banking industry is an important financial institution, and its management status influences directly on every business, it has been playing a key role in the development of domestic economy. All risks that influence bank’s return on capital include interest, foreign exchange, liquidity, credit, market, OBS, technology, sovereign, capital fitness, and so on. Among them, the major effort is to study returns on real estate, interest, market, and their effect, through out statistical regression. These three risk factors are chosen by their importance on Taiwan real estate market which banking industry is pivotal in financing to develop new real estate products. Also, interest rates are the basis of saving and loan to the public. And, market situation affects inevitably borrow and loan. This study evaluates the influence and relationship between bank’s return on stock price and returns on real estate, interest rates and returns on market. By putting these three variables into multi-regression model to analyze, results show that interest rate is negative to bank’s return on stock price. Results also show that returns on real estate and interest rates are both positive with little patency to bank’s return on stock price.