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Academic literature on the topic 'Retrospective Reporting'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Retrospective Reporting"

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van Gog, Tamara, Fred Paas, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, and Puk Witte. "Uncovering the Problem-Solving Process: Cued Retrospective Reporting Versus Concurrent and Retrospective Reporting." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 11, no. 4 (2005): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1076-898x.11.4.237.

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Muresan, Diana. ""Retrospective Of Financial Reporting On Capital Market "." Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica 2, no. 14 (December 31, 2012): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/oeconomica.2012.14.2.8.

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Van den Bergh, Omer, and Marta Walentynowicz. "Accuracy and bias in retrospective symptom reporting." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 29, no. 5 (September 2016): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000267.

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Guzzo, Karen Benjamin, and Sarah R. Hayford. "Revisiting Retrospective Reporting of First-Birth Intendedness." Maternal and Child Health Journal 18, no. 9 (March 7, 2014): 2141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1462-7.

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Treece, Amanda L., Margaret L. Gulley, Patricia Vasalos, Cherie Paquette, Neal I. Lindeman, Lawrence J. Jennings, and Angela N. Bartley. "Reporting Results of Molecular Tests: A Retrospective Examination of BRAF Mutation Reporting." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 5 (March 13, 2017): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0280-cp.

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Context.— With enormous growth in the field of molecular pathology, the reporting of results gleaned from this testing is essential to guide patient care. Objective.— To examine molecular reports from laboratories participating in proficiency testing for required elements to convey molecular laboratory test results to clinicians and patients. Design.— Molecular laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing program for BRAF mutation analysis were solicited to submit examples of final reports from 2 separate proficiency testing reporting cycles. Reports were reviewed for the presence or absence of relevant components. Results.— A total of 107 evaluable reports were received (57 demonstrating a positive result for the BRAF V600E mutation and 50 negative). Methods for BRAF testing varied, with 95% (102 of 107) of reports adequately describing their assay methods and 87% (93 of 107) of reports adequately describing the target(s) of their assays. Information on the analytic sensitivity of the assay was present in 74% (79 of 107) of reports and 83% (89 of 107) reported at least 1 assay limitation, though only 34% (36 of 107) reported on variants not detected by their assays. Analytic and clinical interpretive comments were included in 99% (106 of 107) and 90% (96 of 107) of reports, respectively. Of participants that perform a laboratory-developed test, 88% (88 of 100) included language addressing the development of the assay. Conclusions.— Laboratories participating in BRAF proficiency testing through the CAP are including most of the required reporting elements to unambiguously convey molecular results. Laboratories should continue to strive to report these results in a concise and comprehensive manner.
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Zhuk, Valeriy. "Integrated Reporting: A Retrospective and Perspective in Ukraine." Accounting and Finance, no. 1(83) (2019): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2019-1(83)-20-27.

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Parker, G., and J. Crawford. "Atypical depression: retrospective self-reporting of treatment effectiveness." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 120, no. 3 (September 2009): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01376.x.

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Lazic, Stefan. "Errors in radiology – does reporting speed matter? A retrospective analysis of discrepancy reporting times." Clinical Radiology 75 (December 2020): e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.030.

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Silber, Gregory K., Jeffrey D. Adams, Michael J. Asaro, Timothy V. N. Cole, Katie S. Moore, Leslie I. Ward-Geiger, and Barbara J. Zoodsma. "The right whale mandatory ship reporting system: a retrospective." PeerJ 3 (March 31, 2015): e866. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.866.

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Bar-Oz, Benjamin, Myla E. Moretti, Guy Mareels, TonyVan Tittelboom, and Gideon Koren. "Reporting bias in retrospective ascertainment of drug-induced embryopathy." Lancet 354, no. 9191 (November 1999): 1700–1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04411-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retrospective Reporting"

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Carr, Steven, and steven carr@rmit edu au. "Retrospective Reporting of Childhood Experiences and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in a Non-Clinical Sample: A Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080205.101748.

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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms and childhood experiences, and to explore the role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and core beliefs as variables possibly mediating this relationship. Previous research with clinical samples has established a strong link between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD (& other PD) symptoms in clinical samples. However, difficulties with these studies limit the specificity of results. For example, BPD has been shown to be highly comorbid with other axis I and axis II psychiatric conditions. Given that studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment generally fail to control for these comorbid conditions, the specificity of their results must be questioned. Furthermore, it has been well established that childhood familial environment is strongly related to childhood maltreatment. Again studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment have generally failed to concurrently assess childhood familial environments, hence opening the possibility that the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment may be due to family functioning rather than childhood maltreatment per se. Finally, studies linking childhood maltreatment with adult BPD have primarily utilized clinical samples. However, the primary use of clinical samples to examine the aetiology of disorders in this context ignores the vast literature showing adequate psychological functio ning for the majority of individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. Hence, the primary aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD symptoms in a primarily non-clinical sample whilst statistically controlling for commonly comorbid axis I and axis II symptomatology and concurrently measuring childhood familial functioning. It was a secondary aim of the current study to examine the mediating effects of beliefs on the relationship between childhood factors (i.e., childhood maltreatment & childhood familial functioning) and adult BPD symptomatology. That is, cognitive-behavioural theorists argue that personality disorders may be triggered by adverse childhood experiences leading to maladaptive beliefs (or schemas) related to the self, others, and the world, and it is these beliefs which lead to the behavioural disturbances evident in personality disorders. One hundred and eighty-five primarily non-clinical participants completed questionnaires measuring a variety of axis I and axis II symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs, as well as retrospective reports of family functioning and childhood maltreatment. Results showed a significant relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology. For example, the largest correlation between BPD symptoms and a childhood factor was .27 (for childhood emotional abuse). Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology thus supporting cognitive-behavioural theories of personality disorders. However, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were also found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and other Axis I and Axis II symptoms. Hence, it was concluded that while there was some support for a cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD symptoms, future research is needed in exploring the specificity of the cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD.
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Ngo, Tu Anh. "A four-year retrospective study of domestic violence and police response in Asians using the Rhode Island domestic violence/sexual assault police reporting forms /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188844.

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"An assessment of retrospective birth history reporting for the measurement of fertility in South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/412.

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Fertility is one of the major tenets of demography. Its importance lies in the determination of fertility trends in a country, in a specific time period. These statistical inferences of fertility play an imperative role in population policy formation and planning. Thus the importance of the measurement of fertility remains undisputed. Due to the significance of fertility, its measurement and its profound impact on societies, acknowledging and addressing the quality of fertility data is of great importance. This research study was conceived in response to the above concern. This study aims at addressing and providing insight into birth history data irregularities and determining interventions of working with this issue in the context of South Africa. Through secondary analysis (i.e. descriptive exploratory and comparative analysis) the study sought to firstly establish a demographic profile of women associated with inconsistent and inaccurate reporting of their birth histories. Secondly the research attempted to ascertain a relationship between the socio-economic statuses of individuals and retrospective reporting. A third objective was to note the sex-selectiveness of reporting (i.e. were more girls or boys reported or misreported on in the retrospective birth histories). The study has established that older, married women with some educational attainment, of rural areas from either the middle and lower income categories tend to misreport more frequently than their converse counterparts. Furthermore, a plausible relationship between the socio-economic statuses of individuals was observed. In terms of the sex-selectiveness of reporting, in general, boys were reported on more consistently than girls. However in certain cases, it was found that rural and middle income women reported accurately on girl children born alive and dead girl children. Recommendations made with respect to improve the quality of fertility data for include the proper training of enumerators and data capturers, quality control during data collection, testing of questionnaires, dealing with social, cultural and language barriers and the reinforcement of publicity campaigns for censuses and surveys.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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Lee, Ke-Wei, and 李珂瑋. "Use of eye tracking technique and cued retrospective reporting to explore college students’ cognitive processes during evaluating scientific explanation: Comparisons between students with high and low prior knowledge." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2f8yn6.

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碩士
國立交通大學
教育研究所
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Ability to evaluate scientific explanation is one of the main goals in science education. Attention allocation and use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies during the evaluation process may influences the outcomes of scientific explanation evaluation. However, few studies have investigated the evaluation process. This study aims at exploring whether and how prior knowledge influence processes and outcomes of scientific explanation evaluation. Learners’ attention allocation and use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies were analyzed. This study also attempts to establish the association between indices of eye movements and use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies. This study took a mixed-method approach. Thirty-two undergraduates were assigned into either the high- or the low-prior knowledge group according to their score on a biology concept test. The participants’ eye movements during a task of scientific explanation evaluation were recorded. The record of eye-movements was then used as stimuli to elicit the participants’ thinking process retrospectively. Patterns of attention allocation, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, as well as their evaluation performance for the high and the low prior knowledge groups were compared. The correlations between indices of eye-movement and cognitive/metacognitive strategies were analyzed, supplemented with qualitative data, in order to understand how the evaluation process influence the evaluation performance. No significant difference was found between the high and the low prior knowledge group on their performance of scientific explanation. No difference was observed for the first-pass fixation duration. In comparisons with their counter cohorts, however, the high prior knowledge students spent longer time reading and reexamining, as well as more frequently revisiting specific areas of interests. The students in the high prior knowledge group also demonstrated more goal-directed searching while reading the context of inquiry and used more reading comprehension and inferring strategies during evaluation. The low prior knowledge students, on the other hand, used more reading comprehension strategies and more constantly monitored their reading the context of inquiryevaluation process. Findings of the correlation analyses indicated that the frequency of reading comprehension was not correlated with the first-pass fixation duration. For the evaluation process, the differences between the two groups lay in their look-back fixation duration, total fixation duration, and inter-scanning counts on specific areas of interests, as well as in the correlations between these eye-movement indices and frequencies of cognitive/metacognitive strategies at different phases of the evaluation task. For the high prior knowledge group, the aforementioned eye-movement indices were associated with frequencies of analyzing, goal-directed searching, and inferring/evaluating strategies and, therefore, may result in a higher level of understanding about inquiry and better evaluation performance. For the low prior knowledge group, the eye-movement indices were associated with the frequencies of content evaluation and conflict monitoring, which may result in a lower level of understanding about inquiry and the poor evaluation performance. Findings of the study indicated that prior knowledge influences the evaluation process in terms of attention allocation, use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies, as well as the association between eye-movement behavior and strategy use. Future studies aimed to explore the process and outcomes of scientific explanation evaluation should collect these forms of process data for triangulation.
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Rodrigues, Ana Laura Tolentino Gouveia. "Consistência temporal no relato de experiências adversas na infância: dados de Integrative Data Analysis." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42693.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia
O estudo da consistência temporal tem um papel central na avaliação da confiança dos relatos retrospetivos de experiências adversas na infância. Através da integração de seis amostras de estudos individuais, este estudo pretendeu: descrever o padrão de prevalências de experiências adversas na infância, esclarecer a consistência temporal do relato de experiências adversas na infância e conhecer a natureza das inconsistências. Os participantes deste estudo eram sobretudo do sexo feminino (63.9%) e com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 92 anos (M = 36.2; DP = 21.2). Através da Integrative Data Analysis (IDA), analisámos estatisticamente o conjunto de dados individuais. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes grupos têm prevalências de relato bastante diversas, e que o Kappa de Cohen variou entre fraco e excelente. As experiências mais inconsistentes foram violência física e violência psicológica, sendo esta última a mais prevalente. Na análise descritiva dos padrões de inconsistência, verificámos haver tendência para o subrelato. Os resultados sugerem que há mais consistência em experiências relacionadas com a situação familiar, cujas questões são mais objetivas e menos sensíveis à desejabilidade social. Por outro lado, as experiências relatadas com mais inconsistência são potencialmente traumáticas e, por isso, podem ser mais difíceis de relembrar e/ou relatar. Estudos futuros deverão estudar os preditores de inconsistência do relato, integrando e comparando amostras de estudos individuais.
The study of temporal consistency plays a central role in assessing the reliability of retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences. By integrating six samples of individual studies, this study aimed to: describe the pattern’s prevalence of adverse experiences in childhood, clarify the temporal consistency of reporting of adverse childhood experiences and know the nature of the inconsistencies. Participants in this study were mainly female (63.9%) and aged between 14 and 92 years (M = 36.2; SD = 21.2). Through Integrative Data Analysis (IDA), we statistically analyzed the set of individual data. The results showed that different groups have very different prevalences reported, and that the Kappa Cohen ranged from poor and excellent. The most inconsistent experiences were physical violence and psychological violence, the latter being the most prevalent. In the descriptive analysis of inconsistency’s standards, we found that there is a tendency for underreporting. The results suggest that there is more consistency in experiences related to family status, whose items are more objective and less sensitive to social desirability. Furthermore, the experiments that reported more inconsistencies are potentially traumatic and therefore may be more difficult to remember and/or report. Future studies should consider the report of the inconsistency of predictors, integrating and comparing samples of individual studies.
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Books on the topic "Retrospective Reporting"

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Akateva, Marina, and Svetlana Beskorovaynaya. Theoretical and methodological assessment of accounting and reporting adaptation processes in the context of global integration of Russian and international legislation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080624.

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The monograph is devoted to the fundamental scientific, theoretical, organizational and methodological issues of harmonization of accounting and reporting of Russian economic entities, understanding and professional assessment, including in the retrospective aspect. For postgraduates, undergraduates and students of the financial and economic direction. The materials of the monograph can be used in the educational process as part of teaching a number of accounting, financial and legal disciplines, as well as for further research in the field of accounting science and practice.
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Merry, Alan F. Medication Safety. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0017.

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Perioperative medication safety consists largely of achieving the six “rights” of medication administration at each stage of every patient’s pathway, from primary care into the hospital, through the ward, operating room, postoperative and/or intensive care units, the ward (again), and back into the community. The abuse of medications by clinicians and the security of the supply chain for essential medications are also relevant. Understanding failures in medication safety requires an understanding of the nature of error and violation within complex systems, and applying these general principles in the context of perioperative care, including particular situations such as pediatrics and anesthesia or sedation in remote locations. Measurement of initiatives to improve medication safety is particularly challenging. Retrospective review of clinical records, incident reporting, facilitated incident reporting, prospective augmented observational techniques, and trigger tools have all been used for this purpose.
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Hardt, Heidi. A Reactive Culture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672171.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 explains why NATO’s institutional memory continues to develop in the way that it does – despite formal learning processes being underutilized. Findings in this chapter draw on the author’s survey-based interviews with 120 NATO elites. The chapter begins by arguing that NATO’s organizational culture locks-in elites’ preference for relying on informal processes and avoiding formal processes. Key characteristics of NATO’s culture posed challenges for identifying and reporting strategic errors. The organization’s norm of consensus made formal agreements on past strategic errors difficult. Moreover, NATO’s focus on reaction over retrospection and a broader culture of blame aversion provided elites with little incentive to break the tradition of reliance on informal processes for memory development. Elites described feeling continuous pressure to react to the crisis at hand and treat past crises as unique – leaving little reason to invest in learning from past failures.
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Book chapters on the topic "Retrospective Reporting"

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Gesicho, Milka, Ankica Babic, and Martin Were. "A Retrospective Observational Study of Health Facility Ownership Type and Performance on HIV Indicator Data Reporting in Kenya." In 8th European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference, 38–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64610-3_5.

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Hua, Lei, and Yang Gong. "Usability Evaluation of a Voluntary Patient Safety Reporting System: Understanding the Difference between Predicted and Observed Time Values by Retrospective Think-Aloud Protocols." In Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, 94–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39262-7_11.

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"VIII. The Reliability of Retrospective Reporting on Fertility and Fertility Control." In The Later Years of Childbearing, 132–54. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400871742-011.

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Gavgani, Vahideh Zarea, Mina Mahami Oskouei, and Rezvanyieh Salehi. "Patients' Medication Errors." In Healthcare Administration, 1081–87. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch057.

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Patients' awareness and informed involvement may reduce the prevalence of patients' errors. The aim of this study is to identify the occurrence of patients' medication errors in one of the leading tertiary care educational superspeciality hospitals in Iran during one year from October 2010 to October 2011. This is a retrospective study. Patients' medical records were investigated to identify the reported errors in taking medication. A total of 140 medical records of patients who were hospitalized in Madani Heart Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were investigated. Then the errors were categorized into three groups including: Reporting, Recklessness/ adherence, and Preference. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze data. Out of total 140 patients' records, 16 (11%) patient medication errors were identified. Most of these errors were related to communication and reporting followed by non-adherence to the medication prescriptions. The least errors were related to patients' preference. The study suggests that these errors could have been prevented by involving patients in decision making and self-care through information prescription.
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Boice, Gillian S. "Balancing the Leadership Equation." In Encyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management, 16–28. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1049-9.ch002.

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This research examines a modern case study and provides analysis of how a current, real-life, start-up company is offering a cognitive performance assessment tool to help individuals and organizations improve their learning and performance. Theoretical constructs of metacognition and servant leadership converge to assist in framing the analysis, and the case study builds on the implications for further research development in these theories. The author uses retrospective literature review to highlight the relevant emerging practice in the corporate and educational world. This qualitative study, with descriptive reporting, was accomplished by literature review and direct observations of this modern company. A pseudonym of KnowCom is used to protect the identity and proprietary of the actual company researched.
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Sackeim, Maryl, and Sadia Haider. "Complications of First-Trimester Abortion." In 50 Studies Every Obstetrician-Gynecologist Should Know, 149–53. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190947088.003.0027.

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This is a retrospective cohort study reporting on complications of 170,000 first-trimester abortions performed at 3 free-standing Planned Parenthood clinics in New York City from 1971 to 1987. There were no reported deaths. The overall rate of major complications was 0.71 per 1000 procedures, and the overall rate of minor complications was 8.46 per 1000 procedures. The complication rates were similar for patients undergoing general and local anesthesia. More recent studies on the safety of first-trimester abortion, which also included women with chronic medical conditions, have reconfirmed Hakim-Elahi and colleagues’ original findings. Given its observational design, the study findings have limitations due to bias. However, the study is unique in its scope given the large number of patients treated with a standardized protocol over an extensive period of time. The overwhelming evidence on the safety of abortion care in outpatient clinics has important access and policy implications.
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Basso, Cristina, Stefania Rizzo, and Gaetano Thiene. "Cardiovascular causes of sudden death in athletes." In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson, and Sanjay Sharma, 309–20. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0034.

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is usually the result of an interaction between transient acute events (’triggers’) and either structural or non-structural cardiovascular substrates. The structural culprit resides in any of the cardiovascular components, i.e. aorta, coronary arteries, myocardium, valves, conduction system, or ion channels. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the occurrence of SCD in athletes is nearly three times than that in non-athletes, so that sport activity adds a significant risk if the athletes are affected by concealed cardiac diseases. Triggers of SCD in young competitive athletes include exercise-related sympathetic stimulation, abrupt haemodynamic changes, and myocardial ischaemia. In this chapter, we will review the various structural diseases, either congenital or acquired, which pose a risk of SCD in athletes. Disparities among published studies emphasizes the need for uniform reporting (source of data, retrospective versus prospective, autopsy versus no autopsy, etc). Identifying causes of SCD in the athletic population is important for guiding preventive measures.
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Conference papers on the topic "Retrospective Reporting"

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Pryss, Rudiger, Thomas Probst, Winfried Schlee, Johannes Schobel, Berthold Langguth, Patrick Neff, Myra Spiliopoulou, and Manfred Reichert. "Mobile Crowdsensing for the Juxtaposition of Realtime Assessments and Retrospective Reporting for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms." In 2017 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2017.100.

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Ram, Dharma. "Oral Abstract." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685335.

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Introduction: Uterine sarcoma accounts for nearly 3% of all uterine malignancies. They have 4 major pathology includes endometrial stromal sarcoma high grade, ESS low grade, uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Recent WHO classification 2014, recognizes low grade ESS and high grade ESS as distinct entity. They differ from endometrial carcinoma in their aggressive nature and poor prognosis. We review our database and found total 44 eligible patient treated at our institute. Materials and Methods: Its retrospective analysis of computer based database of our institute from January 2009 to December 2015. We analyzed demographic, pathological, treatment and survival data. Results: Total 44 patient treated for uterine sarcoma at our institute. Among these 16 were operated at our institute during study period. Here we reporting results of operated patients at our institute. The histological diagnosis LMS (5/16), ESS-L (4/16), MMMT (3/16), UUS (3/16) and ESS-H (1/16). Stage distribution was stage I, (6/16) stage II, (5/16) stage III, (3/16) stage IV, (0/16) and unknown stage (2/16). Two patients underwent completion surgery for outside myomectomy. The adjuvant treatment was CT in 3/16, CT with RT in 7/16, HT in 4/16 and one lost to follow up with one was put on observation. Median follow up is 30 month with 14 patients alive and one lost to follow up. At last follow up 4 patients alive with metastatic disease and 10 patients alive with no evidence of disease. Conclusion: Uterine sarcoma are uncommon disease with
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Dessein, Thomas, Brent Ayton, and Travis Sera. "Characterizing Corrosion Defects With Apparent High Growth Rates on Transmission Pipelines." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9572.

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Abstract Consecutive in-line inspections of transmission pipelines enable a comparison between the inspection results to characterize corrosion growth. Despite the high levels of in-line inspection tool accuracy and detection capabilities, corrosion defects with low calculated burst capacities may be detected on a subsequent inspection that were not reported in a previous inspection. These newly reported defects can pose a substantial challenge as the apparent growth rates between inspections of these defects can potentially drive unnecessary repair digs. This paper characterizes the contributing factors that can explain these phenomena, including: • Typical corrosion growth rates and their associated statistical frequency • The diminishing detection capability of inspection tools for smaller defects • The inspection tool minimum reporting threshold • The measurement accuracy of inspection tools. A statistical analysis was developed to quantify this interacting set of factors using Monte Carlo simulations that work retrospectively, covering a range of observed measured defect depths and then simulating the processes that could lead to newly reported defects being un-matched in a previous inspection. This analysis can be used to quantify the likelihood that a defect of a specific measured size would have been unreported in an earlier inspection due only to the performance characteristics of the inspection tool, and not as a result of defect growth that initiated since the time of the previous inspection. A set of case studies covering a range of pipeline inspection intervals ranging from 2 to 10 years are presented to demonstrate how this approach can be used to quantify appropriate growth rates that may be applied to these un-matched defects when assessing the remaining life or predicted probability of failure.
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Reports on the topic "Retrospective Reporting"

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Dy, Sydney M., Arjun Gupta, Julie M. Waldfogel, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Josephine L. Feliciano, Ramy Sedhom, et al. Interventions for Breathlessness in Patients With Advanced Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer232.

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Objectives. To assess benefits and harms of nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for breathlessness in adults with advanced cancer. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through early May 2020. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a comparison group evaluating benefits and/or harms, and cohort studies reporting harms. Two reviewers independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) for key outcomes: breathlessness, anxiety, health-related quality of life, and exercise capacity. We performed meta-analyses when possible and calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs). Results. We included 48 RCTs and 2 retrospective cohort studies (4,029 patients). The most commonly reported cancer types were lung cancer and mesothelioma. The baseline level of breathlessness varied in severity. Several nonpharmacological interventions were effective for breathlessness, including fans (SMD -2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.81 to -0.37]) (SOE: moderate), bilevel ventilation (estimated slope difference -0.58 [95% CI -0.92 to -0.23]), acupressure/reflexology, and multicomponent nonpharmacological interventions (behavioral/psychoeducational combined with activity/rehabilitation and integrative medicine). For pharmacological interventions, opioids were not more effective than placebo (SOE: moderate) for improving breathlessness (SMD -0.14 [95% CI -0.47 to 0.18]) or exercise capacity (SOE: moderate); most studies were of exertional breathlessness. Different doses or routes of administration of opioids did not differ in effectiveness for breathlessness (SOE: low). Anxiolytics were not more effective than placebo for breathlessness (SOE: low). Evidence for other pharmacological interventions was limited. Opioids, bilevel ventilation, and activity/rehabilitation interventions had some harms compared to usual care. Conclusions. Some nonpharmacological interventions, including fans, acupressure/reflexology, multicomponent interventions, and bilevel ventilation, were effective for breathlessness in advanced cancer. Evidence did not support opioids or other pharmacological interventions within the limits of the identified studies. More research is needed on when the benefits of opioids may exceed harms for broader, longer term outcomes related to breathlessness in this population.
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