Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retroelement

Academic literature on the topic 'Retroelement'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Retroelement"

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Honda, Tomoyuki, Keiko Takemoto, and Keiji Ueda. "Identification of a Retroelement-Containing Human Transcript Induced in the Nucleus by Vaccination." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122875.

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Endogenous retroelements constitute almost half of the mammalian genome. Given that more than 60% of human genomic bases are transcribed, transcripts containing these retroelements may impact various biological processes. However, the physiological roles of most retroelement-containing transcripts are yet to be revealed. Here, we profiled the expression of retroelement-containing human transcripts during vaccination and found that vaccination upregulated transcripts containing only particular retroelements, such as the MLT-int element of endogenous retroviruses. MLT-int-containing transcripts were distributed mainly in the nucleus, suggesting their unique roles in the nucleus. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MLT-int RNA suppressed interferon promoter activity in the absence of immune stimuli. Based on these lines of evidence, we speculate a model of a role of the previously unnoticed MLT-int element in preventing excess innate immune activation after elimination of immune stimuli. Our results may emphasize the importance of retroelement-containing transcripts in maintaining host immune homeostasis.
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Springer, Mark S., Erin K. Molloy, Daniel B. Sloan, Mark P. Simmons, and John Gatesy. "ILS-Aware Analysis of Low-Homoplasy Retroelement Insertions: Inference of Species Trees and Introgression Using Quartets." Journal of Heredity 111, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz076.

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Abstract DNA sequence alignments have provided the majority of data for inferring phylogenetic relationships with both concatenation and coalescent methods. However, DNA sequences are susceptible to extensive homoplasy, especially for deep divergences in the Tree of Life. Retroelement insertions have emerged as a powerful alternative to sequences for deciphering evolutionary relationships because these data are nearly homoplasy-free. In addition, retroelement insertions satisfy the “no intralocus-recombination” assumption of summary coalescent methods because they are singular events and better approximate neutrality relative to DNA loci commonly sampled in phylogenomic studies. Retroelements have traditionally been analyzed with parsimony, distance, and network methods. Here, we analyze retroelement data sets for vertebrate clades (Placentalia, Laurasiatheria, Balaenopteroidea, Palaeognathae) with 2 ILS-aware methods that operate by extracting, weighting, and then assembling unrooted quartets into a species tree. The first approach constructs a species tree from retroelement bipartitions with ASTRAL, and the second method is based on split-decomposition with parsimony. We also develop a Quartet-Asymmetry test to detect hybridization using retroelements. Both ILS-aware methods recovered the same species-tree topology for each data set. The ASTRAL species trees for Laurasiatheria have consecutive short branch lengths in the anomaly zone whereas Palaeognathae is outside of this zone. For the Balaenopteroidea data set, which includes rorquals (Balaenopteridae) and gray whale (Eschrichtiidae), both ILS-aware methods resolved balaeonopterids as paraphyletic. Application of the Quartet-Asymmetry test to this data set detected 19 different quartets of species for which historical introgression may be inferred. Evidence for introgression was not detected in the other data sets.
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Murata, Hitoshi, and Akiyoshi Yamada. "marY1, a Member of the gypsyGroup of Long Terminal Repeat Retroelements from the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 3642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.8.3642-3645.2000.

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ABSTRACT We cloned an intact copy of a long terminal repeat retroelement designated marY1 from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomyceteTricholoma matsutake. The reverse transcriptase domain is found in T. matsutake and Tricholoma magnivelare worldwide. This finding suggests that retroelements associate with ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes and may be useful as genetic markers for identification, phylogenetic analysis, and mutagenesis of this fungal group.
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Chung, Kevin, Ling Xu, Pengxin Chai, Junhui Peng, Swapnil C. Devarkar, and Anna Marie Pyle. "Structures of a mobile intron retroelement poised to attack its structured DNA target." Science 378, no. 6620 (November 11, 2022): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq2844.

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Group II introns are ribozymes that catalyze their self-excision and function as retroelements that invade DNA. As retrotransposons, group II introns form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that roam the genome, integrating by reversal of forward splicing. Here we show that retrotransposition is achieved by a tertiary complex between a structurally elaborate ribozyme, its protein mobility factor, and a structured DNA substrate. We solved cryo–electron microscopy structures of an intact group IIC intron-maturase retroelement that was poised for integration into a DNA stem-loop motif. By visualizing the RNP before and after DNA targeting, we show that it is primed for attack and fits perfectly with its DNA target. This study reveals design principles of a prototypical retroelement and reinforces the hypothesis that group II introns are ancient elements of genetic diversification.
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Ishak, Charles A., and Daniel D. De Carvalho. "Reactivation of Endogenous Retroelements in Cancer Development and Therapy." Annual Review of Cancer Biology 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2020): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033525.

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Domesticated retroelements contribute extensively as regulatory elements within host gene networks. Upon germline integration, retroelement mobilization is restricted through epigenetic silencing, mutational degradation, and innate immune defenses described as the viral mimicry response. Recent discoveries reveal how early events in tumorigenesis reactivate retroelements to facilitate onco-exaptation, replication stress, retrotransposition, mitotic errors, and sterile inflammation, which collectively disrupt genome integrity. The characterization of altered epigenetic homeostasis at retroelements in cancer cells also reveals new epigenetic targets whose inactivation can bolster responses to cancer therapies. Recent discoveries reviewed here frame reactivated retroelements as both drivers of tumorigenesis and therapy responses, where their reactivation by emerging epigenetic therapies can potentiate immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, and other standard therapies.
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Furini, Antonella. "CDT retroelement." Plant Signaling & Behavior 3, no. 12 (December 2008): 1129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.3.12.7076.

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Lee, Gloria, Nicholas A. Sherer, Neil H. Kim, Ema Rajic, Davneet Kaur, Niko Urriola, K. Michael Martini, Chi Xue, Nigel Goldenfeld, and Thomas E. Kuhlman. "Testing the retroelement invasion hypothesis for the emergence of the ancestral eukaryotic cell." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 49 (November 19, 2018): 12465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807709115.

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Phylogenetic evidence suggests that the invasion and proliferation of retroelements, selfish mobile genetic elements that copy and paste themselves within a host genome, was one of the early evolutionary events in the emergence of eukaryotes. Here we test the effects of this event by determining the pressures retroelements exert on simple genomes. We transferred two retroelements, human LINE-1 and the bacterial group II intron Ll.LtrB, into bacteria, and find that both are functional and detrimental to growth. We find, surprisingly, that retroelement lethality and proliferation are enhanced by the ability to perform eukaryotic-like nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. We show that the only stable evolutionary consequence in simple cells is maintenance of retroelements in low numbers, suggesting how retrotransposition rates and costs in early eukaryotes could have been constrained to allow proliferation. Our results suggest that the interplay between NHEJ and retroelements may have played a fundamental and previously unappreciated role in facilitating the proliferation of retroelements, elements of which became the ancestors of the spliceosome components in eukaryotes.
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Leblanc, Pascal, Bernard Dastugue, and Chantal Vaury. "The Integration Machinery of ZAM, a Retroelement from Drosophila melanogaster, Acts as a Sequence-Specific Endonuclease." Journal of Virology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 7061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.8.7061-7064.1999.

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ABSTRACT Retroviruses and retrotransposons insert into the host genome with no obvious sequence specificity. We examined the target sites of the retroelement ZAM by sequencing each host-ZAM junction in the genome ofDrosophila melanogaster. Our overall data provide compelling evidence that ZAM integration machinery recognizes and leads to ZAM insertion into the sequence 5′-GCGCGCg-3′. This unique property of ZAM will facilitate the development of new tools to study the integration process of retroelements.
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Fukuda, Kei, and Yoichi Shinkai. "SETDB1-Mediated Silencing of Retroelements." Viruses 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060596.

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SETDB1 (SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1) is a protein lysine methyltransferase and methylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9). Among other H3K9 methyltransferases, SETDB1 and SETDB1-mediated H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) play pivotal roles for silencing of endogenous and exogenous retroelements, thus contributing to genome stability against retroelement transposition. Furthermore, SETDB1 is highly upregulated in various tumor cells. In this article, we describe recent advances about how SETDB1 activity is regulated, how SETDB1 represses various types of retroelements such as L1 and class I, II, and III endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in concert with other epigenetic factors such as KAP1 and the HUSH complex and how SETDB1-mediated H3K9 methylation can be maintained during replication.
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Buchatskyi, L. P. "Endogenous retroelemens of fish and molluscs." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 18, no. 1-2 (January 29, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.18.1-2.1353.

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Aim. Analysis of scientific literature sources devoted to the study of retroelements of fish and mollusks. Results. It is shown that endogenous retroelements are widespread both among fish and mollusks. Endogenous retroviruses of fish, like exogenous ones, are also widespread, but their total number in the genomes of fish is much less than in other vertebrates. The Steamer retroelement, the presence of which is associated with the development of tumors in molluscs, can be transmitted horizontally between these invertebrates. In addition, it is able to pass into organisms of other types of aquatic animals, including vertebrates, sea urchins and corals. Conclusions. The study of the retroelements of fish and molluscs, as the most ancient organisms, makes it possible to more fully trace the stages of evolution of aquatic animals. It was shown that retroelements of fish and molluscs play an important role in the development of antiviral defense in vertebrates. The low cost of mollusks and well-developed methods of their cultivation put these invertebrates at the forefront as model systems for studying the molecular mechanisms of tumor processes in vertebrates and humans.Keywords: retroelements, fish, molluscs, tumors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retroelement"

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Thomson, Gabrielle Anne Biotechnology &amp Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Retroelements as controlling elements in mammals." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26203.

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Retroelements are genomic parasites which make up ~42% of the human genome and 38% of the mouse genome. Most are degenerate, but a large number have relatively intact promoter elements, suggesting that they are capable of transcription. Transcriptionally active retroelements can perturb normal transcription units in their vicinity through a variety of mechanisms, leading to phenotypic effects and in some cases disease. This phenomenon of transcriptional interference has been observed in organisms as diverse as maize, Drosophila, and the mouse. We analysed the extent of retroelement transcription in normal and diseased tissues, by searching the mouse and human EST databases for transcripts originating in retroelement promoters, and found a large number of transcripts from LINEs, SINEs and ERVs. Retroelement transcripts were found to be initiated in both sense and antisense orientations, and to be equally as common in normal and diseased tissue. Several of these transcripts were chimeric, appearing to initiate in retroelements and reading through to cellular genes, suggestive of transcriptional interference. We have used transposon display to identify and recover retroelement transcripts in the mouse. Transcripts initiated in LINE, SINE and ERV promoters are numerous, and many are chimeric with cellular genes. Although the numbers of recovered chimeric transcripts are too large to permit rigorous analysis of more than a small proportion, some of those we have studied further appear to be authentic transcripts that may represent interference with the canonical promoters of the genes in question. Our results suggest that transcriptional interference by retroelements may be a relatively common occurrence in mammals.
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ORICCHIO, ELISA. "I retroelementi nella tumorigenesi: ruoli distinti di LINE-1 ed HERV-K nella progressione tumorale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/399.

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I retroelementi sono sequenze altamente ripetute disperse nel genoma, che codificano per una Trascrittasi Inversa (RT). Cellule e tessuti caratterizzati da una elevata capacità di proliferazione e un basso grado di differenziamento (come cellule tumorali o embrionali) esprimono alti livelli di RT che al contrario è scarsamente espressa in tessuti terminalmente differenziati. E’ noto da precedenti studi condotti nel nostro laboratorio che il trattamento di diverse linee cellulari tumorali con due inibitori non nucleosidici della RT, la nevirapina ed l’efavirenz, induce una riduzione della proliferazione e della tumorigenicità in in vitro e d in vivo e ne promuove il differenziamento (Mangiacasale et al., 2003; Sciamanna et al., 2005; per una review Sinibaldi- Vallebona et al., 2006). In questo lavoro ho dimostrato che gli inibitori della RT, inibiscono la proliferazione solo delle cellule tumorali mentre non hanno alcun effetto significativo sulle cellule normali. Inoltre, utilizzando la tecnica dellRNA interference (RNAi) ho identificato due famiglie di retroelementi, LINE-1 e HERV-K, che hanno ruoli diversi nella tumorigenesi. Infettando cellule di melanoma A375 con vettori retrovirali adeguatamente ingegnerizzati allo scopo, ho prodotto due linee cellulari in cui l’espressione di questi due retroelementi sia stabilmente interferita. Le cellule interferite per il LINE-1 hanno una ridotta proliferazione, una morfologia alterata ed un’espressione alterata di alcuni geni che regolano la proliferazione e il differenziamento. Al contrario, le cellule A375 interferite per HERV-K non mostrano nessun cambiamento in vitro. A differenza di quanto osservato in vitro, entrambe le linee cellulari inoculate in topi nudi atimici hanno una ridotta tumorigenicità rispetto alle cellule della linea parentale. Infine, allo scopo di sviluppare una possibile terapia genica differenziativa dei tumori, ho sviluppato un sistema di vettori adenovirali in sostituzione di quelli retro virali; i primi infatti offrono una serie di vantaggi rispetto ai vettori retrovirali, primo fra tutti il fatto che queste le sequenze rimangono in forma episomale consentendo quindi di ripetere l’infezione diverse volte allo scopo di migliorarne l’efficienza.
Retroelements are sequences highly repeated present in all eucaryotic genomes and they encode for a RT that is expressed at high levels in cells and tissue types characterized by a high proliferative potential and a low degree of differentiation (e.g. embryonic tissues and tumor cells), whereas low RT levels are generally found in terminally differentiated, non pathological tissue. Previous studies have showed that inhibition of endogenous RT, using pharmacological inhibitors, (nevirapine and efavirenz) reduces proliferation and promotes differentiation of human tumorigenic cell lines and strongly antagonizes tumor progression in murine models (Mangiacasaele et al., 2003 Sciamanna et al., 2005; reviewed by Sinibaldi-Vallebona et al., 2006). In this work I have showed that the RT inhibitors, in contrast to what observed in tumorigenic cells, does not exert any effect on normal cells. In addition, I using a RNA interference approach (RNAi), I assessed the different roles of two retroelements LINE-1 and HERV-K in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Using retroviral vectors, I produced two cell lines, derived from A375 melanoma cells, stably interfered for the expression of these elements. The cells in which LINE-1 expression was interfered exhibit a reduced proliferation and significant changes in morphology, suggestive of that a differentiation was activated. Moreover, these cells showed a reduced tumorigenecity when injected in nude mice. Instead, cells in which HERV-K expression was interfered the rate of proliferation and differentiation remain unchanged compared to the parental A375 cells. However, in vivo essays their tumorigenic potential was found to be reduced. Finally, aiming at the development of a novel gene therapy approach for cancer differentiation I developed an adenoviral delivery system which offers several advantages compared to retroviruses, most important the fact that adenodelivered sequences remain as non-integrated episomes and the infection can be repeated several times to improve the efficiency of infection.
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Lightbourn, Gordon James. "Development of intermonoploid somatic hybrids of potato and their molecular analysis based on polymorphism for retroelement Tst1." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28810.

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Inbred lines for hybrid crop production have been a mainstay of plant breeding. Biotechnological approaches to hasten the process are available including anther culture to halve the genome and protoplast fusion to create hybrids between incompatible partners. We applied these techniques to potato to evaluate their potential for breeding highly heterozygous, cross-pollinating species. Four families of monoploids (2n=1x=12), developed from diploid hybrids with diverse genomic constitutions but heavily favoring Solanum phureja, a primitive cultivated potato, were used in electrofusion experiments to create intermonoploid somatic hybrids (SH). The "monoploid sieve" results in the survival of only those gametes free of lethal and deleterious genes but generates sterile sporophytes, necessitating protoplast fusion for SH development. From six intermonoploid electrofusion combinations, 276 plants were regenerated over 6-9 months. Fusion conditions were optimized. Ploidy was determined by flow-cytometry and SH confirmed by microsatellite analysis. Field evaluations over three years revealed that intermonoploid SH were inferior to cultivars. Dihaploids derived by anther culture of a tetraploid intermonoploid SH were reduced in vigor with an increase in homozygosity, while 2x X 2x sexually derived populations had better yield than the SH, suggesting that producing SH introduced or eliminated factors required for productivity. Molecular analysis of the SH was conducted to examine genomic stability through protoplast isolation and plant regeneration. Sequence specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) represents a hybrid system incorporating amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology in conjunction with the use of a defined genomic sequence, e.g., retrotransposon display (RD) when the defined sequence is anchored into a consensus sequence of a retrotransposon such as the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence of Tst1. Parental monoploids, SH and various Solanaceae were evaluated by RD. Fluorescently-labeled retrotransposon-based primers were used in the ALFexpress automated fragment analyzer system. Eleven probes from RD were created for Southern blot analysis and used to verify taxonomic relationships between selected Solanaceae. Blots of intermonoploid somatic hybrids confirmed hybridity and occasional loss of genomic fragments. No activation or replication of retrotransposons was detected. Sequencing of inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and S-SAP fragments revealed that all fragments had the expected Tst1 retroelement and/or the AFLP adaptor sequence. BLAST analysis identified 4 of the 17 fragments sequenced as part of the chloroplast genome, a tobacco anther-specific gene, repetitive DNA, and the phytochrome F gene.
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Meyn, Malcolm Anthony 1967. "A genetic, biochemical, and population analysis of MGL, a non-LTR retroelement from the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288755.

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This dissertation describes the characterization of a novel transposable element isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The sequence of MGR583, a previously reported repeated DNA fragment, was completed and shown to have features characteristic of non-LTR retroelements (LINEs). These include an element length of 5.9 kb, the lack of flanking long terminal repeats, the presence of short (6-13 bp) direct repeats flanking many element copies, and two principal open reading frames (ORFs). The first ORF is 570 amino acids in length and contains homology to the gag ORFs found in many retroelements. The second ORF is 1,295 amino acids in length and has strong homology to reverse transcriptases (RT) ORFs found in non-LTR retroelements (LINEs). In accordance with these results, the name of the repeat was changed to MGL for Magnaporthe grisea LINE. Analysis of the 3' terminus of MGL showed 90% homology to the 3' terminus of Mg-SINE, suggesting an evolutionary relationship between these two elements. A survey of the distribution of MGL in populations of M. grisea showed the element to be present in all isolates tested. Copy number was not uniform between isolates, with approximately fifty copies present in rice isolates and between less than 10 and up to 50 copies in the 17 non-rice isolates tested. A PCR-based assay was designed and used to screen M. grisea isolates for polymorphic MGL insertion loci. Thirteen polymorphic MGL insertions were scored and used to construct a phylogenetic tree that included 11 non-rice isolates and 20 rice isolates. The results strongly suggested that development of virulence on rice was a single event correlated with the acquisition of virulence on several other grass species. In addition, the observation that rearrangements occurred at one of the insertion loci in some rice isolate strains support the proposal that there is considerable plasticity in the genomes of these isolates. Finally, a yeast transposon ( Tyl) system was used to express and test the second ORF for RT activity. No activity was detected for any of the MGL RT constructs tested.
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Volkmann, Bianca [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Gramberg, Andreas [Gutachter] Burkovski, and Andreas [Gutachter] Burkovski. "The role of TRIM proteins in retrovirus and retroelement restriction / Bianca Volkmann ; Gutachter: Andreas Burkovski, Andreas Burkovski ; Betreuer: Thomas Gramberg." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216332967/34.

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Adhya, Indranil. "Exhaustive Identification of the retroelement Ty1 Integrase partners in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae : characterization of the role of Casein kinase II in Ty1 retrotransposition in vivo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS589.

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Les rétrotransposons LTR sont des éléments transposables très répandus chez les eucaryotes. Comme les rétrovirus, ils se répliquent par transcription inverse de leur ARN en ADNc, qui est intégré dans le génome hôte par leur propre intégrase (IN). Des études de séquençage à haut débit ont clairement établi que l'intégration ne se fait pas de façon aléatoire dans l'ensemble du génome de la cellule hôte. Des connaissances approfondies sur la biologie rétrovirale ont été acquises grâce à leur étude sur la levure utilisant le Ty1 LTR-retrotransposon comme modèle de travail. Le rétrotransposon Ty1 de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae intègre en amont des gènes de classe III, les gènes transcrits par l'ARN polymérase III (Pol III). Des données récentes ont révélé l'importance de l'AC40, une sous-unité de Pol III dans ce ciblage. Une interaction entre le Ty1 IN et l'AC40 est nécessaire pour le choix du site d'intégration des gènes Pol III. Néanmoins, le mécanisme moléculaire reste largement inconnu. Afin d'obtenir une vision globale de l'ensemble du phénomène qui se produit sur le site d'intégration, nous aimerions déterminer de manière exhaustive les protéines qui interagissent avec Ty1 IN et analyser leur rôle dans l'intégration de Ty1 et la transcription de l'ARN Pol III. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons développé des approches protéomiques pour identifier de nouveaux partenaires cellulaires Ty1 intégraux. Nous avons identifié plusieurs nouveaux partenaires Ty1 IN qui semblent intéressants et leur rôle moléculaire dans la rétrotransposition de Ty1 sera étudié. Cependant, dans le cadre de mon doctorat, j'ai particulièrement travaillé à déchiffrer le rôle moléculaire de la protéine caséine kinase II dans la rétrotransposition de Ty1
LTR-retrotransposons are widespread transposable elements in eukaryotes. Like retroviruses, they replicate by reverse transcription of their RNA into cDNA, which is integrated into the host genome by their own integrase (IN). High-throughput sequencing studies clearly established that integration does not occur randomly throughout the host-cell genome. Deep insights on retroviral biology have been gained by their study in yeast using the Ty1 LTR-retrotransposon as a working model. The Ty1 retrotransposon of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae integrates upstream of class III genes, the genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). Recent data revealed the importance of AC40, a Pol III subunit in this targeting. An interaction between the Ty1 IN and AC40 is necessary for integration site choice at the Pol III genes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. To obtain a global view of the entire phenomenon that occurs on the integration site we would like to exhaustively determine the proteins that interact with Ty1 IN and analyze their role in both Ty1 integration and RNA Pol III transcription. To achieve this goal, we have developed proteomic approaches to identify new Ty1 integrase cellular partners. We have identified several novel Ty1 IN partners that seem interesting and their molecular role in Ty1 retrotransposition will be studied. However, in the tenure of my PhD, I have particularly worked to decipher the molecular role of the casein kinase II protein in Ty1 retrotransposition
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Hodes, Asher Benjamin. "Diversity-generating retroelements." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835260431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nottensteiner, Mathias [Verfasser], Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Hückelhoven, Erich J. [Gutachter] Glawischnig, and Aurélien [Gutachter] Tellier. "Molecular Characterization of Retroelement Encoded ROPIP1 as Virulence Effector of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei / Mathias Nottensteiner ; Gutachter: Erich J. Glawischnig, Aurélien Tellier, Ralph Hückelhoven ; Betreuer: Ralph Hückelhoven." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/112273834X/34.

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Wilson, Williamina. "Ribosomal frameshifting in retroelements." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670301.

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Mu, Sen. "Detection of Bacterial Retroelements Using Genomics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1110.

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The reverse flow of genetic information can occur when a special DNA polymerase called Reverse Transcriptase (RT) copies the genetic information in an RNA molecule back into a complementary DNA. One type of RT encoding gene found in bacteria is called a retron element. Recent bacterial genome sequencing projects have revealed many examples of retron RT genes. This gene assignment is based on comparison with a few known retron RT proteins. However, RT proteins are highly diverse in their amino acid sequences, and thus the assigned identity of these RT proteins as retrons in genome databases is questionable. One way to prove that these postulated RTs are indeed from retron elements is to see if they can produce msDNA. Retron RTs are known to synthesize a structurally unique satellite DNA called msDNA in the bacterial cells that contain them. Based on GenBank database matches to a known protein, 7 proteins designated as retron RTs were tested for their ability to synthesize msDNA. Five of these retron RTs did show evidence of producing msDNA and are from very different bacterial hosts. The other 2 RT proteins did not show any evidence that they produce msDNA.
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Books on the topic "Retroelement"

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Brindley, Paul J. Mobile genetic elements in metazoan parasites. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2009.

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Koito, Atsushi, and Yukihito Ishizaka, eds. Retroviruses, retroelements and their restrictions. Frontiers SA Media, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-401-8.

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1954-, Brindley Paul J., ed. Mobile genetic elements in metazoan parasites. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2009.

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Mobile genetic elements in metazoan parasites. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2009.

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Lateral DNA Transfer: Mechanisms and Consequences. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Retroelement"

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Refsland, Eric W., and Reuben S. Harris. "The APOBEC3 Family of Retroelement Restriction Factors." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 1–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_1.

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Chalopin, Domitille, Marta Tomaszkiewicz, Delphine Galiana, and Jean-Nicolas Volff. "LTR Retroelement-Derived Protein-Coding Genes and Vertebrate Evolution." In Viruses: Essential Agents of Life, 269–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4899-6_13.

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Fujii, Yoichi Robertus. "The RNA Gene Information: Retroelement-MicroRNA Entangling as the RNA Quantum Code." In MicroRNA Protocols, 47–67. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-083-0_4.

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Garfinkel, David J. "Retroelements in Microorganisms." In The Retroviridae, 107–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3372-6_4.

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Hull, Roger, and Simon N. Covey. "Retroelements: Propagation and Adaptation." In Molecular Evolution of Viruses — Past and Present, 33–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1407-3_4.

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Leib-Mösch, Christine, and Wolfgang Seifarth. "Evolution and Biological Significance of Human Retroelements." In Molecular Evolution of Viruses — Past and Present, 61–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1407-3_6.

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Richert-Pöggeler, Katja R., and Trude Schwarzacher. "Impact of Retroelements in Shaping the Petunia Genome." In Petunia, 343–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84796-2_16.

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Guo, Huatao, Li Arambula, Partho Ghosh, and Jeff F. Miller. "Diversity-generating Retroelements in Phage and Bacterial Genomes." In Mobile DNA III, 1237–52. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819217.ch53.

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Brosius, Jürgen. "Genomes were forged by massive bombardments with retroelements and retrosequences." In Transposable Elements and Genome Evolution, 209–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4156-7_23.

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Román, Ángel Carlos, Antonio Morales-Hernández, and Pedro M. Fernández-Salguero. "RNA-Seq Analysis to Measure the Expression of SINE Retroelements." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 107–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3372-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Retroelement"

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Leonova, Katerina, Brittany Lipchick, Leonid Brodsky, Elena Komarova, and Andrei V. Gudkov. "Abstract 2959: p53 as a guardian of genomic junk: A novel role for p53 in epigenetic silencing of retroelements." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2959.

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Mavragani, Clio, Kyriakos Kirou, Adrianos Nezos, Surya V. Seshan, Teresa Wild, Sharon M. Wahl, Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, and Mary K. Crow. "THU0228 EXPRESSION OF APOBEC FAMILY MEMBERS AS REGULATORS OF ENDOGENOUS RETROELEMENTS AND MALIGNANCY IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.6152.

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Reports on the topic "Retroelement"

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Belancio, Victoria P., and Prescott L. Deininger. Retroelements and Genetic Instability in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436906.

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Perepelitsa, Victoria P. Retroelements and Genetic Instability in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424037.

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Belancio, Victoria P., and Prescott L. Deininger. Retroelements and Genetic Instability in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425722.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Retroelement' for particular source types:
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