Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Retours d'expériences'
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Bertin, Aurélie. "Intégration d'un système de Retour d'Expériences à un PLM." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0137/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis considers continuous improvement issues which are applied to industrial products and processes through the implementation of a Lesson Learned System (LLS) coupled with the Company's Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) system. As an industrial partnership, these developments aim to increase the value of the intangible assets of the business including the business agent’s experiences and knowledge. In order to ensure the sustainability of expertise, to prevent errors and to encourage the application of good practices, all within a general approach of product improvement. The solution relies on the implementation of the LLS process which is applied to tacit and explicit knowledge related to the technical activities of the company. The integration of the LLS and PLM Systems removes some of the difficulties of ownership of business agents. The implementation of LLS and Problem Solving Methods (PSM) infers an efficient instrumentation for the acquisition of tacit knowledge. The extension of the evolution processes of technical documents that formalise the techincal business rules allows its evolution towards explicit knowledge. Using non-intrusive LLS is provided by close coupling with the process of Change Management (CM) where information capitalisation is naturally led by the approach implemented in this processes. Finally, the proposed and instrumented LLS in the PLM tool allows to efficiently capitalise, process, and exploit the intangible capital of the company (information and knowledge) highlighted during the modification experiments of product data
Picard, Robert. "Pratique et théorie du retour d'expérience en management." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003048.
Full textBarriquault, Cyril. "Représentation d'incidents dans le retour d'expérience de la Navigation Aérienne." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082572.
Full textJabrouni, Hicham. "Exploitation des connaissances issues des processus de retour d'expérience industriels." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0084/document.
Full textContinuous improvement of industrial processes is increasingly a key element of competitiveness for industrial systems. Management of experience feedback takes place in this framework to build, analyze and facilitate the reuse of immaterial potential of an organization in order to make it better in achieving its processes and / or products. For several years, the need for continuous improvement of products and processes has led many companies to set up standardized problem solving processes. For this purpose, different Problem Solving Processes are commonly used in the industrial field such as: 8D, PDCA (Plan Do Check Act), DMAICS (Define Measure Analyze Improve Control Standardize) or, more recently, the 9S process (9Steps). The main activities in the problem solving process are: The composition of the problem solving team, the description and assessment of the problem highlighted by events, the analysis of events to identify their root causes and their validation, the formulation of the problem solutions and their application checking (corrective actions), the action suggestions to prevent from a new occurrence of the problem (preventive actions, lessons learned, etc.). During the Problem Solving Processes, the intellectual investment of experts is often considerable. We propose to define mechanisms to reuse previously performed analysis (already solved issues) to guide the resolution of a new problem. The main contributions of this research work are : The structuring of a cognitive experience feedback framework allowing a flexible exploitation of expert knowledge: we propose a formal representation of an experience (according to the problem solving processes). - The definition of two mechanisms to exploit the context and analysis in these experiences. The specification and development of Experience Feedback Support Framework ProWhy offering methodological and software support for knowledge management (KM), and in particular for capitalization and exploitation phases of experience feedback processes
Rozas, Rony. "Intégration du retour d'expérience pour une stratégie de maintenance dynamique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1112/document.
Full textThe optimization of maintenance strategies is a major issue for many industrial applications. It involves establishing a maintenance plan that ensures security levels, security and high reliability with minimal cost and respecting any constraints. The increasing number of works on optimization of maintenance parameters in particular in scheduling preventive maintenance action underlines the importance of this issue. A large number of studies on maintenance are based on a modeling of the degradation of the system studied. Probabilistic Models Graphics (PGM) and especially Markovian PGM (M-PGM) provide a framework for modeling complex stochastic processes. The issue with this approach is that the quality of the results is dependent on the model. More system parameters considered may change over time. This change is usually the result of a change of supplier for replacement parts or a change in operating parameters. This thesis deals with the issue of dynamic adaptation of a maintenance strategy, with a system whose parameters change. The proposed methodology is based on change detection algorithms in a stream of sequential data and a new method for probabilistic inference specific to the dynamic Bayesian networks. Furthermore, the algorithms proposed in this thesis are implemented in the framework of a research project with Bombardier Transportation. The study focuses on the maintenance of the access system of a new automotive designed to operate on the rail network in Ile-de-France. The overall objective is to ensure a high level of safety and reliability during train operation
Boussat, Bastien. "Comités de Retour d'Expérience et culture de sécurité des soins." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS008/document.
Full textThe Experience Feedback Committee (EFC) is a tool designed to involve medical teams in patient safety management, through root cause analysis of adverse events within the team. This program was created in 2005, and was implemented in the vast majority of French hospitals. Despite its wide implementation in thousands of French medical teams, the EFC still lacks scientific evaluation. To our knowledge, the EFC framework and the association between EFC and patient safety culture have never been assessed. In this context, our work aimed to determine whether patient safety culture, as measured by the Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS), differed regarding care provider involvement in EFC activities. Using the original data from a cross-sectional survey of 3,888 employees at a single university hospital in France, we analyzed the differences in HSOPS dimension scores according involvement in EFC activities. We also specified the metrological properties of the transcultural adaptation of the HSOPS into French (psychometrics properties, variability of scoring strategies and missing data imputation methods). Our findings suggest that EFC participation may improve patient safety culture, teamwork and non-blame oriented processes. Despite several limitations, our study contributes to a better understanding of EFC and its position amongst patient safety systems. This thesis advocates research developments centered on health care givers involvement in patient safety management
Camara, Fatoumata. "Retours d'expérience sur la conception centrée valeur de Cocoon : vers des arbres de vie." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848189.
Full textBéler, Cédrick. "Modélisation générique d'un retour d'expérience cognitif : application à la prévention des risques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7249/1/beler.pdf.
Full textRakoto, Holitiana. "Intégration du retour d'expérience dans les processus industriels : application à Alstom Transport." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7283/1/rakoto.pdf.
Full textTea, Céline. "Retour d'expérience et données subjectives : quel système d'information pour la gestion des risques ?" Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005574.
Full textDevreux, Lise. "Outils d'évaluation de l'état de santé des hydrosystèmes en tresses restaurés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2015.
Full textBraided rivers have been harnessed for their natural resources and modified profoundly through decades of human activity, sometimes to the point where major ongoing management issues and risks to society have arisen. Restoration is then a process that aims to return functionality to these hydrosystems, especially in order to reach good ecological status according to the Water Framework Directive. This thesis, based on four hydromorphological restoration operations on Alpine braided rivers, aims to adapt and develop analysis tools to evaluate and quantify the success of restoration operations in order to produce restoration feedback. Key considerations for the effective management and understanding of these hydrosystems are also presented and discussed within the evolutive trajectories of the studied sites along with a systemic and transdiciplinary perspective
Charmetton, Stéphane. "Renforcement des parois d'un tunnel par des boulons expansifs : Retour d'expérience et étude numérique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2001. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1870_scharmetton.pdf.
Full textThe study describes the assessment of the radial bolting effect in terms of support systems beginning with feedback from the building site and the comparison between those results and the results of numerical modelling of driving the tunnel. The results are presented of measurements of walls convergences obtained during the driving of the Tartaiguille tunnel when crossing through the Aptian marls. This analysis is interesting since it brings together the following conditions over close to 300 meters of tunnel: a very homogeneous geology, a support system composed only of shotcrete and radial bolts, with measurements of convergences over sixteen measurement sections. After a description of the structure, we propose to quantitatively assess the function of the bolts in the reduction of convergences while reckoning with all the parameters which might influence that analysis. In this way, we demonstrate the importance of a few extra bolts to the structure's stability. It is then possible to compare this assessment of the effect of the bolts with the assessment that we obtain during a numerical modelling of the driving of the tunnel as it is habitually performed by consulting engineers. While performing this modelling, we present and use various methods for simulating the bolting. The results of these calculations make it possible to conclude if these methods are pertinent in the representation of the function played by the bolts in the Tartaiguille. Due to these results, we studied more particularly the specific setting of the expansive bolts. Some analytical or numerical calculations of cavity expansion show the high influence of the expansive bolts on the strains field of the bolted area. This mechanism is absent of the numerical modelisation of the driving of the tunnel. During this modelisation, this bolts' type is considered as grouted bolts. Thanks to hypothesis, we can write, for an elastic behaviour, the formulas of the strains and displacements variations generated by the bolt expansion in the ground. This result introduces in an analytical or numerical approach modelising the driving of a tunnel with an elastoplastic behaviour law of the ground permit to discuss of the expansion influence and to give some recommendations about the use of this bolts type
Botero, Lopez Juan Diego. "Gestion des risques par retour d'expérience dans le processus de réponse à appel d'offres." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0090/document.
Full textCall for tenders is a procedure that allows a client company to choose the provider of works, supplies or services. This practice is essential for almost all industry sectors and is based on the competition of potential providers according to a client request. Each bidder commits ressources and time to develop proposals that will not always be accepted. Bidding Process (BP) is highly constrained because, to be accepted, proposals must meet the client requirements while remaining economically viable for the provider. BP is a risky practice. In general, the first risk level is related to the choice of not responding to a call for tenders whereas it was an opportunity (i.e. an interesting project on technical and/or economic terms). Then, if the decision was to respond, a second risk level is not to be accepted by the client; finally, when the tender is accepted, a third risk level is related to the proposal realization potential problems. Indeed, if the related offer was poorly developed, due to an incorrect assessment by the bidder of the difficulties of the underlying realization, the bidder can be engaged in a very penalizing process (overruns, non-compliance of technical requirements, non-compliance of deadlines...). In order to minimize these risks, an improvement of BP has been proposed by setting up an instrumentation reinforcing this process and by the definition of a methodology for its appropriate management. The objective is therefore to provide to the bidder decision support tools to detect, report and minimize potential risks. The approach consists in the integration to the BP of an experience feedback system involving past bidding processes and associated development cycles, coupled with a structured approach of risk management to provide to the bidder the necessary support for the development of a "robust" response to new calls for tenders. This proposed bidder decision support system instrumentation and the associated management process establish the basis of the BiPRiM methodology (Bidding Process Risk Management) that was developed. In this development, a practical implementation of risk models and BP experiences has been developed. It rests upon the mechanisms of acquisition, processing and exploitation of the underlying experience feedback system in order to conduct the risk management process in the BP while broadening the associated decision-making process
Sellali, Brahim. "Intégration du retour d'expérience d'exploitation dans une approche MBF pour optimiser la fiabilité de matériel." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10307.
Full textVilleneuve, Eric. "Hybridation des retours d'expérience statistique et cognitif pour l'évaluation des risques : application à la déconstruction des aéronefs." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0032/document.
Full textThe research work presented in this document relates to knowledge management applied to aircraft deconstruction. The aim of this work is to provide a decision support system for risk assessment. To meet this objective, mechanisms for decision support hybridizing cognitive and statistical experience feedback to perform risk assessment on system critical areas have been developed. The proposed approach allows to combine expert opinion with statistics extracted from a database by using belief functions. The risk assessment is performed by the combined knowledge processing using a model based on directed evidential networks. This document is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a state of the art addressing concepts related to risk and experience feedback. It defines key concepts for risk assessment, knowledge management (in particular the experience feedback process) and the links between these two concepts. The second chapter allows to introduce a risk assessment model based on Bayesian methods. However, Bayesian methods have some limitations, particularly with respect to epistemic uncertainty modelling. That is why, some alternatives have been proposed, such as belief functions and directed evidential networks that we finally chose to use. The third chapter proposes an approach for assessing the risk using directed evidential networks. The proposed approach describes the mechanisms used to formalize and combine expert and statistical knowledge, and then to process this knowledge with directed evidential networks. Finally, indicators to inform the decision maker about results are introduced. The last chapter presents the DIAGNOSTAT project which provided the framework for this research and a study case to apply the approach introduced earlier for aircraft deconstruction by using two scenarios
Duizabo, Sébastien. "Investissements immatériels : évaluation et retour d'expérience, application à quatre projets informatiques dans le groupe PSA." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090046.
Full textCasse, Christelle. "Concevoir un dispositif de retour d'expérience intégrant l'activité réflexive collective : un enjeu de sécurité dans les tunnels routiers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH024/document.
Full textOperating experience feedback, mainly through accident analysis is a method of choice for safety management in high risk organizations. The present research takes place in the field of road tunnel safety, proposing an integrated approach of experience feedback from the daily management of safety by tunnel monitoring staff through collective spaces for discussion and experience building.Our hypothesis is that safety in such dynamic environments as road tunnels depends on the capacity of operating teams to face the unexpected events, disturbances and accidents. This capacity is built through discussions between operating staff and with the management about the difficulties encountered during work. The return on operating experience should allow the debate on work activity in order to reach a better safety management, foster individual development and a better organization. However, there are organizational conditions for the debate to be possible and sustainable.A research and intervention protocol was set up with a road tunnel operator to test and improve a scheme for the return on operating experience based on individual and collective activity. Analyses were conducted to help operational staff link the way events are treated in day to day security management with the processing in the operational experience feedback scheme. An analysis of the current scheme showed that it is focussed on major traffic events, comprising of a set of procedures and formal rules, while the operational events, felt as critical by operators do not have a framework for discussion. Further, work activity analysis shows that operational staff develops informal spaces of collective exchanges to organize work, anticipate hazards and analyse events.Organizational simulations including operating staff, managers and the research partners were set up to transform the feedback scheme. The simulation led to an enlarged framework for feedback, defining the events to be analysed and participants to be included. The new scheme roots in the existing professional processes, develops inter-professional as well as inter-organization discussion spaces. The new scheme facilitates the sharing of experience among operating staff and structures the informal organizational practices we observed.Inter-professional discussion spaces, conducted by the team managers, were set up based on the analysis of simulated events. These structured discussion spaces proved to be effective in the confrontation of work practices, events and roles representations as well as conducive for knowledge transmission. The discussion space allows setting transverse operational rules and highlights the need for formal rules to be set by the management. The inter-professional discussion spaces are operant in improving the formal organisation as well as developing the activity of operational staff. This methodology favoured the building of experience from event analysis.This research-intervention was an opportunity to review the official classification of road tunnel events. The conditions for an integrated operating experience feedback scheme are set and discussed, as well as the implementation of simulation-based discussion spaces.From our results, we re-consider the design of interventions in organizational design, as well as the role of the intervening ergonomist
Manotas, Niño Vanessa Patricia. "Amélioration de la maîtrise des risques dans les projets par l'utilisation des mécanismes de retour d'expérience." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0080/document.
Full textIn order to improve Project Risk Management and to reinforce its effectiveness, the managers of the project should reuse the experiences and the good practices acquired in previous projects. The Experience Management constitutes an important source of knowledge to reduce the levels of uncertainty and thus the risks in the projects. The methodologies for Experience Management have thus become truly recognized in many companies. However, these companies were often satisfied to collect information at the end of the project by thinking that would be enough to generate knowledge necessary to improve their performance. Unfortunately, the capitalization of these experiments is traditionally a static stage at the close of the project, which simply allows the capture of some events memorized by the implied experts. Moreover, capitalized information is difficult to reuse directly in a new-risk analysis. Our efforts focused on developing a methodology to improve the Risk Management Process in Projects using an Experience Management System and thus contribute to the logic of continuous improvement. The proposed approach is based on a knowledge-based system that enables the development of key competencies such as problem solving, collective decision-making, reflection, learning and prospective capacity. The proposed model is based on the study of the contribution of three central fields: Projects Management, Risks Management and the Experience Management. The singularity of our work lies in the fact of integrating a mechanism back from experiment explicitly uninterrupted in order to improve the performance of the processes of risk management in the projects. We propose to implement a knowledge-based modeling approach based on Experience management. We define a model to characterize projects, risks and experiences for the identification, capitalization and exploitation of knowledge. The modeling of these elements also makes it possible to have a structuring facilitating a faster reading of the project or its processes. Therefore, we have developed a model which allows us to represent the key elements used during the risk management process and thus to facilitate the capitalization of the experiments and the research of previous similar experiences. That then makes it possible to standardize and improve the risk management approach. From the point of view of the search for previous experiences, we define: On the one hand, an algorithm of research of similar experiments founded on the comparisons between directed labeled graphs. That consists of the establishment of a correspondence between two graphs (graph 1 being context of the current project and graph 2 context of the last project recorded in the form of experiment) by a pairwise factorization of the affinity matrix, which decouples the structure of nodes and similar arcs (Zhou and Of Torre, 2012). On the other hand, an algorithm to find the optimal correspondence between these graphs, so that the sum of the compatibility of the nodes and the arcs is maximized. With this intention, we used a genetic algorithm. Lastly, we propose an approach of exploitation of similar last experiences. In this manner, we can obtain a set of risks associated with these similar objects in order to feed the assistance system with the decision in the management of the project
Berthomiere, William. "En-quête de signes : Migrations, Places et Continuité(s). Retour d'expérience à partir du cas israélien." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Poitiers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979565.
Full textChevalier, Catherine. "Modélisation de la fiabilite des matériels mécaniques nucléaires à partir de données issues du retour d'expérience. Applications industrielles." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066665.
Full textIdris, Jamal. "Accidents géotechniques des tunnels et des ouvrages souterrains - Méthodes analytiques pour le retour d'expérience et la modélisation numérique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL070N/document.
Full textThe instability of the underground works is an important cause of many accidents during their construction and exploitation. Experience feedback of previous accidents is one of used methods that allows improving the prevention of such accidents during the design and the construction of new underground works projects. A bibliographical search enabled us to establish a database of tunnels and underground constructions accidents in the world. These database contains currently 230 case related to the two phases of construction and exploitation of underground constructions, each case was characterized by several variables associated to instability phenomena, to geometrical and géomechanicals characteristics of the concerned underground construction. The causes and the consequences of instabilities phenomena were also analysed especially those related to the particular geological context and the géotechnical characteristics of the surrounding ground. The established database enabled us to carry out several analyses on instabilities phenomena like as a factorial correspondence analysis, which aims to discover the relations between instabilities phenomena and their explanatory variables. This study proposes two representative numerical models of vaulted tunnels supported by masonry structure. Biased on the numerical simulation and the experimental design technique, it also relates to the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the masonry structure support and its evolution in the time, where the influence of certain mechanical parameters of masonry structure was quantified and evaluated by various analyses methods such as multivariate variance analysis and the linear modelling by multiple regression
Riviere, Pierre-Alexandre. "Analyse du retour d'expérience et optimisation de la recherche opérationnelle maîtrise d'ouvrage pour les quartiers durables en milieu tropical." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0044/document.
Full textThe application of the concept of sustainable development to urban planning raises many questions as the contours of "sustainable urbanism" and "sustainable neighborhoods" appear to be unclear. Many tools have been developed to help design "sustainable neighborhoods", often derived from building design tools (LEED, BREAAM, HQE etc ...); they remain largely proposed and led by the Project Managers (MOE) and the Assistants to Project Managers (AMO). In this context, a question arises, which is to know what may be the impact of these tools on the decisions and the conduct of the urban project by the Urban Contractor (MOU). In addition, the urban project, which aims to create a neighborhood or "piece of town", involves a wide range of actors and the questions raised by the Neighborhood Sustainable Assement (NSA) go well beyond the scope of action of the MOU. If the MOE and AMO couple can "be satisfied" using the existing tools regarding their respective missions; the MOU, because of its central role and driving force in the "sustainable neighborhood" is in need of new processes to meet the challenges of sustainability requested by these tools: how to work with the different actors aiming a shared vision with common and / or converging objectives? Then naturaly the problem of the evolution of the working methods of the MOU is posed: during the conduct of the neighborhood development, how not to have "losses online" and thus continue to progress between two neighborhood development: the capitalization of the know-how of the MOU starts to become the central question
Mbaye, Safiétou. "Mieux connaître les processus sociocognitifs et culturels à l'œuvre dans l'explication des dysfonctionnements passés pour améliorer le Retour d'Expérience." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29001.
Full textFeedback-based analysis (FBA) is a process designed to help organizations draw lessons from past accidents for the purpose of improving safety in the workplace. It seems, however, that workers do not subscribe to FBA practices. To determine what psychosocial mechanisms and working conditions might favor the adoption of FBA practices by workers, we conducted four studies at several sites in the chemical and nuclear industries. In the first study, we examined both the organizational context of FBA practices, and workers' representations of these practices. The results suggested that FBA practices are designed more to help company managers handle safety in the organization than as a way of aligning safety training with analyses of previous accidents. This study also showed that a lack of perceived credibility regarding analyses of past accidents was accompanied by reduced worker involvement in FBA. In the second study, we sought to determine what factors might account for accident explanations by comparing accident explanations and corrective measures proposed by workers and managers in response to an accident report. Compared to workers, managers gave more internal explanations related to the victim's characteristics when the victim was a worker and the accident was serious; workers, on the other hand, attributed accidents more to factors internal to the victim when the victim was a manager and the accident was serious. Furthermore, corrective measures recommended to managers or to the organization were rated as having a higher priority by workers than by managers. The third study was aimed at finding out whether and to what extent learning to analyze accidents (via training and participation in accident analysis) and engaging in FBA practices can help reduce discrepancies in accident analyses between managers and workers. The results showed that workers explained accidents more in terms of organizational factors when they had previously participated in accident-analysis sessions. Conversely, managers who had participated in such sessions explained accidents more in terms of factors internal to workers. In both the chemical and nuclear industries, FBA concerning accidents directly related to the company's core business seemed to interest workers more than FBA about everyday accidents inside the workplace. In order to explain these different levels of interest in FBA according to the type of risk, our fourth study examined the role of risk perception in workers' motivation to participate in FBA practices. We attempted to also gain insight into how perceptions of FBA and of the safety environment can affect FBA motivation. The findings indicated that everyday risks were underestimated, whereas risks of chemicals and radioactivity were overestimated. More specifically, motivation for everyday-accident FBA was that much weaker when feelings of invulnerability and control were stronger. Workers in the chemical industry had a more positive perception of FBA practices and of the safety environment than did workers in the nuclear industry, which may account for why the former appear to use FBA tools more than the latter. The results obtained from this series of studies are discussed in reference to theoretical knowledge and to initial practices in the company. Some recommendations are given for promoting adoption of FBA practices by individuals working at various levels of an organization
Pitiot, Paul. "Amélioration des techniques d'optimisation combinatoire par retour d'expérience dans le cadre de la sélection de scénarios de Produit/Projet." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT021H/document.
Full textThe definition and use of a model coupling product design and project management in the earliest phase of the study of a system correspond to a keen industrial demand. This model allows simultaneous to take into account decisions resulting from the two environments (product and project) but it represents a consequent increase of the search space dimension for the decision-making system, in particular when it concerns a multiobjective optimization. Metaheuristics methods such as evolutionary algorithm are an interesting way to solve this strongly combinative problem. Nevertheless, this problem presents an interesting and unexploited characteristic: It is indeed current to re-use, by adapting them, the components or the procedures previously implemented in pasted product or project. The idea proposed in this work consists in using this “a priori” knowledge available in order to guide the search for new solutions by the evolutionary algorithm. Bayesian network was retained for the interactive modeling of expert knowledge. New evolutionary operators were defined in order to use knowledge contained in the network. Moreover, the system is completed by a process of parametric learning during optimization witch make it possible to adapt the model if guidance does not give good results. The method suggested ensures both a faster and effective optimization, but it also makes it possible to provide to the decision maker a graphic and interactive model of knowledge linked to studied project. An experimental platform was carried out to validate our approach
Auboyer, Audrey. "Contribution à l'évolution du retour d'expérience en tunnel routier vers un outil de compréhension du comportement humain (usager et exploitant)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005923.
Full textMorillon, Laurent. "Contribution à la maitrise de la qualité des documents de communication interne : Une méthode d'écoute pour l'identification du besoin et le retour d'expériences." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8e6ae0ea-27d7-405d-a36f-14054bb4b035.
Full textVan, Wassenhove Wim. "Définition et opérationalisation d'une Organisation Apprenante (O.A.) à l'aide du retour d'expérience : application à la gestion des alertes sanitaires liées à l'alimentation." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001157.
Full textVan, Wassenhove Wim. "Définition et opérationalisation d'une Organisation Apprenante (O. A. ) à l'aide du Retour d'Expérience : application à la gestion des alertes sanitaires liées à l'alimentation." Paris, ENGREF, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001157.
Full textIn this manuscript we propose the modelling of a learning organization, using an experience feedback, applied to the authorities’ management of sanitary alarms. This manuscript is composed of two parts:The first part introduces the problem, presents the actors and brings the theoretical concepts and the field analyses for the model’s development. The first chapter relates to a description of the organization in place with the identification of the dangers and the risks. Some great crises and sanitary alarms related to the food are described. The question of the improvement of the management of these alarms and crises arises. A possible answer to that question is proposed with ‘learning’ as feedback between the management of risks and the prevention of risks. The second chapter defines the concepts of organization and learning. Organisational learning and the Learning Organization are studied. These concepts are put in relation to the risk and with the organizations which deal with the dangers and risks. From there, the concept of experience feedback is retained for an in-depth analysis. The third and final chapter of the first part of the manuscript is devoted to the concept of experience feedback and its contribution to this work is justified. The second part relates to the development of the contribution of the thesis and the presentation of a concrete implementation of the theoretical proposals. The fourth chapter presents the modelling of the Learning Organization for the management engineering of the sanitary safety of food. The modelling schematically summarizes the manuscript, each phase of modelling corresponds to a part of the manuscript. The presentation of the. . . (sic)
Lafitte, Nicolas. "Caractérisation et commande de micropinces en silicium pour l'amélioration de la sensibilité paramétrique d'expériences biologiques sur des molécules d'ADN." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711961.
Full textBultel, Frédéric. "Prise en compte du gonflement des terrains pour le dimensionnement des revêtements des tunnels." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001859.
Full textSylla, Abdourahim. "Aide à la décision en réponse à appel d'offres : une approche intégrée de conception conjointe produit-processus, de gestion des risques et de retour d'expérience." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0004.
Full textIn the context of a customer / supplier relationship, companies offering products or systems must develop and propose personalized, attractive and achievable offers. In order to do so, they have to design and evaluate a set of technical offers corresponding to pairs of systems and delivery processes. Then, on the basis of a set of relevant decision criteria, they must select the technical offer to be considered and sent to the customer. In situations where the technical solutions available within the supplier company cover a good part of the customer’s requirements but not all, so-called "non-routine design" situations, the analysis of industrial practices and scientific works has led us to identify three major research problems: (i) the design of technical offers in non-routine design situations, (ii) the evaluation of the confidence in these offers as to their good achievement with regard to customer’s expectations and supplier’s objectives, and (iii) the selection of the most interesting offer from a set of potential technical offers while taking into account imprecision, uncertainty and confidence. This thesis provides scientific and pragmatic solutions to these problems. Regarding the design of the offers, solutions are proposed to extend the principles of configuration to "non-routine design" situations. Two indicators and a method for quantifying them are proposed for the assessment of the confidence of each technical offer. Finally, a multi-criteria decision support approach is developed to assist the supplier in the selection of the most interesting technical offer, taking into account imprecision, uncertainty and confidence
Armaghan, Negar. "Contribution à un système de retour d'expérience basé sur le raisonnement à partir de cas conversationnel : application à la gestion des pannes de machines industrielles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL026N/document.
Full textFaced with the fast technological development of products, incremental innovation of new products, and the mobility of their most experienced staff, companies are seeking to formalize and capitalize on the experiences and know-how of their personnel in order to reuse them later. To deal with these problems, the conversational case based reasoning (CCBR) approach is a potential answer to the question of capitalization and reuse of knowledge. Our research focuses on methods to manage experience feedback (EF). We are placed in the field of experience feedback applied to technical problem solving. Our methodology for creating aided failure diagnosis systems is divided into four phases: the events description, the development of all solutions to failures, the arrangement of a diagnostic aid through fault trees and setting up a computer system. We based our work on the fault tree approach in order to extract tacit knowledge and its formalization. Our objective was to create decision protocols in order to assist the expert in solving an industrial problem. Therefore, we have proposed a formulation and development of conversational cases in diagnosis. These cases must be memorised in a database of cases. To validate our proposal methodology, we have carried out the experimental phase in an industrial company in eastern France. This experiment allowed us to validate our work and highlight its advantages and limitations. Finally, we propose a computer model designed for the company. This model enables failure diagnosis by creating the case in a case base for later utilization
Moatty, Annabelle. "Pour une Géographie des reconstructions post-catastrophe : risques, sociétés et territoires." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30047/document.
Full textThe post-disaster reconstruction has emerged relatively recently in the hazards’ scientific literature. It has long been, in France and in developed countries, as if the amounts of money drained by the compensation process and solidarity were sufficient to recover efficiently. However the recurrence of disasters, sometimes in the same territories, questioned the effectiveness of preventive logic. Our approach of the reconstruction is systemic and aims at analyzing the interactions between risk, societies and territories. The study of the reconstruction process periods through a medium and long-term feedback allows to define the operating rules, and to define "good and bad practices" regarding the objectives of risk reduction and sustainable development. The lack of anticipation, the several uncertainties and the emergency in which the decisions are taken are leading, in many cases, to risk persistence and to increase the social gaps. When preventive ethics is integrated into the process remains punctual and marginal, the rule being the reproduction of existing socio-spatial systems. The reconstruction process does not start from a "zero state", it is subject to territorial and political constraints, and must lead to make an appropriate response to the needs of affected communities. Thus, in order to make the post-disaster reconstruction a preventive opportunity, an anticipatory effort is needed - though necessarily limited - it must be accompanied by an ex post planning
Desmorat, Guillaume. "L'entreprise à l'épreuve des facteurs humain et organisationnel : la pratique de l'analyse d'accident au service de la sécurité à GrDF." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00871806.
Full textChaudet-Bressy, Frédérique. "Apport du retour d'expérience à la maîtrise des risques relatifs à l'hygiène, la sécurité et l'environnement, dans les petits établissements industriels : application à l'industrie du traitement thermique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804521.
Full textDonet-Mary, Lydéric. "De l'origine à la compréhension des crises, approche éco-systémique de la notion de crise, du déclenchement à la résolution." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020002.
Full textFrom the 1st massive extinction 443 million years ago to Fukushima’s nuclear catastrophe in 2011, our planet never stopped demonstrating it is a living organism continually evolving. As disasters and crisis are pacing humanity, it seems that the past disruptions are leading to the future achievements. The polysemous nature of crisis has emerged through ages, to define the indefinable. Enriched with modern and ancient history, this study tries to circumscribe the notion of crisis. An ecosystem approach helps identifying its features. The work done allows us to study the origins of crisis. The ambition is to decipher disruptions in order to avoid chaos. As Antoine Lavoisier would put it « noting is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed », but to succeed, best practices and operating experience show us that we must understand the real nature of our system, and clearly identify the basics. It is essential to identify what constitute our homeostasis, what are the features of an ecosystem that stands firm and maintain its balance, this analysis allows us to study and consider the necessary processes that must be implemented in order to increase our resilience
Gouin-Lapouge, Nathalie. "Mise en place, sur un démonstrateur LMDS, d'applications de télé-enseignement destinées au secteur de l'eau et de l'environnement et étude du retour d'expérience sur une population cible." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9f9d3714-7cbe-4694-abf4-927f5efc6aff/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0051.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work was to carry out an experimentation, at university level, of the use of e-learning services dedicated to students in engineering at ENSIL, specialised in Water and Environment. This experimentation was established on a platform LMDS providing the experience feedback of such use on the technical and teaching levels. Given the fact that the large emergence of Information and Communication Technologies, which fields (mainly audio-visual, computing and telecommunications) requires always increasing flows, it was shown, in the first part of this study that LMDS presents some advantages towards the other existing systems of telecommunication. Secondly, objectives and the installation of videoconference services were exposed. An experience feedback on students and teachers was carried out thanks to a method of analysis : the reflexive analysis. Thirdly, a documentation database, was created. A statistical tool allowing to study and analyze the behaviors was chosen for the experience feedback. This tool was seconded by a survey allowing to better determine their knowledge in computing and multimedia and to check their level of equipment
Pétolas, Marie-Christophe. "Rôle du retour d'expérience dans le développement des compétences et de la sécurité en environnement dynamique : le cas des tâches et de l'activité des Personnels Navigants Commerciaux (PNC)." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082607.
Full textBultel, Frédéric. "Prise en compte du gonflement des terrains dans le dimensionnement des revêtements des tunnels." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001859.
Full textEn s'inspirant des retours d'expérience et des méthodes existantes, une loi de comportement élastoplastique a été établie pour simuler le développement de gonflement apparaissant dans le massif du fait d'un changement d'état de contraintes et d'une arrivée d'eau. La loi de gonflement supposée élastique et tridimensionnelle relie le logarithme de la contrainte à la déformation, en tenant compte d'une éventuelle anisotropie de gonflement associée à la stratification du terrain.
Après avoir été implanté dans le code par éléments finis CESAR-LCPC, ce modèle de gonflement a été validé à deux niveaux : d'une part, sur un échantillon de matériau gonflant soumis à un essai de gonflement et, d'autre part, sur un ouvrage instrumenté directement concerné par le phénomène de gonflement.
Des essais de gonflement spécifiques permettent d'identifier les différents paramètres de gonflement. Les tentatives de calage de la loi de gonflement ont donné des résultats satisfaisants sur plusieurs matériaux gonflants différents.
La modélisation numérique du tube Nord du tunnel de Chamoise pour lequel les mesures in situ ont mis en évidence le développement du gonflement des marnes sous le radier, a montré une meilleure concordance du modèle de gonflement avec les mesures in situ que les calculs classiques ; en particulier, on a pu retrouver une asymétrie marquée du comportement du radier et obtenir des déplacements dans le massif plus proches de la réalité.
Efaga, Eugène-Désiré. "Analyse des données du retour d'expérience pour l'organisation de la maintenance des équipements de production des PME/PMI dans le cadre de la MBF (Maintenance Basée sur la Fiabilité)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/EFAGA_Eugene-Desire_2004.pdf.
Full textDomenichini, Jérôme. "Calcul de la sinistralité relative à des aléas "naturels" et anthropiques rares : Systèmes d'Information Géographique (SIG), retour d'expérience et méthodes prospectives pour l'évaluation de sinistres inondation et terrorisme en réassurance." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010589.
Full textLanternier, Brice. "Retour d'expérience et fiabilité prévisionnelle : mise en oeuvre de modèles et détermination des facteurs influant la fiabilité pour le calcul de taux de défaillance des matériels mécaniques utilisés en tant que dispositifs de sécurité." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET4011.
Full textFunctional safety assessment requires a safety level quantification of equipments by a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Some industrials whose have no specific feedback for their activities experience difficulties to provide reliable and relevant results. Designers of reliability databases for electronic components have defined models for calculating failure rates depending on the parameters of use. There is nothing in the field of mechanical equipment. This research aims to develop a methodology to improve the predictions reliability of mechanical and electromechanical equipment. Thus, this work implements models that allow accurate prediction reliability taking into account mechanical equipment specificity and influential factors reliability. We propose an analysis method for different feedback based on the quality and quantity of information. This study is only based on operating feedback equipment to take into account influencing factors reliability, the subject of this thesis. Thus, in order to deal with efficiently operating feedback resulting from generic databases, the use of bayesian techniques and weighting of various input data according to pre-defined factors is proposed. The second approach, fully parametric, is based on proportional hazard model to get an environmental function reflecting the impact of factors on reliability. Finally, a neural networks mode is available for numerous operating feedback in quantity and quality
L'Héritier, Cécile. "Une approche de retour d’expérience basée sur l’analyse multicritère et l’extraction de connaissances : Application au domaine humanitaire." Thesis, Nîmes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NIME0001.
Full textBecause of its critical impacts on performance and competitivity, organizations’ knowledge is today considered to be an invaluable asset. In this context, the development of methods and frameworks aiming at improving knowledge preservation and exploitation is of major interest. Within Lessons Learned framework – which proposes relevant methods to tackle these challenges –, we propose to work on an approach mixing Knowledge Representation, Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis and Inductive Reasoning for inferring general learnings by analyzing past experiences. The proposed approach, which is founded on a specific case-based reasoning, intends to study the similarities of past experiences – shared features, patterns – and their potential influence on the overall success of cases through the identification of a set of criteria having a major contribution on this success. For the purpose of highlighting this potential causal link to infer general learnings, we envisage relying on inductive reasoning techniques. The considered work will be developed and validated through the scope of a humanitarian organization, Médecins Sans Frontières, with a focus on the logistical response in emergency situations
Bouzaïene-Marle, Leïla. "AVISE, anticipation du vieillisssement par interrogation et simulation d'experts : application à un matériel passif d'une centrale nucléaire : le pressuriseur." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271619.
Full textDa, Silva Stéphanie. "La sécurité des infrastructures de transport." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10049.
Full textOn March 24th, 1999, a fire swept through the Mont Blanc tunnel, Results: 39 victims. How such a disaster could happen? People wonder about it. The powerful French Republic react, the Law n°2002-3 from January 3rd 2002 is published. Two targets are clearly identified by the legislator: Secure transportation infrastructure (prevent the risks) and work on feedback after each incident, in a way to avoid that disaster happen again. Several legal text (national or european) are voted to reinforce them. Following the Law n°2002-3 from January 3rd 2002, many others law from various legal branches were added: for example, public building, and urbanism etc … Nevertheless, the security does not stop in the limitation, in the abolition of the risk; anticipate the actions to be led facing these events are also important. So, operational planning (internal and external) also represents a critical part: It is necessary to foresee the actions of every actor in front of the event. Next to aspects prevention and forecast, we must take care of the return of experience provided by internal actions or investigations performed when these incidents happen. Finally, the transportation infrastructure are subjected to security standards, it could be explain in one way because of the risks related to the transportation infrastructure themselves and in another way for their impacts on existing risks. The security in transportation infrastructure is completely integrated in the “Culture of the security” philosophy
Romero, Bejarano Juan Camillo. "Collaborative problem solving within supply chains : general framework, process and methodology." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0108/document.
Full textThe Problem Solving Process is a central element of the firms' continuous improvement strategies. In this framework, a number of approaches have succeeded to demonstrate their effectiveness to tackle industrial problems. The list includes, but is not limited to PDCA, DMAICS, 7Steps and 8D/9S. However, the emergence and increasing emphasis in the supply chains have impacted the effectiveness of those methods to solve problems that go beyond the boundaries of a single firm and, in consequence, their ability to provide solutions when the contexts on which firms operate are distributed. This can be explained because not only the problems, but also the products, partners, skills, resources and pieces of evidence required to solve those problems are distributed, fragmented and decentralized across the network. This PhD thesis deals with the solving of industrial problems in supply chains based in collaboration. It develops a general framework for studying this paradigm, as well as both a generic process and a collaborative methodology able to deal with the process in practice. The proposal considers all the technical aspects (e.g. products modeling and network structure) and the collaborative aspects (e.g. the trust decisions and/or the power gaps between partners) that simultaneously impact the supply chain operation and the jointly solving of problems. Finally, this research work positions the experiential knowledge as a central lever of the problem solving process to contribute to the continuous improvement strategies at a more global level
El, Hajj Carine. "Méthodologie pour l'analyse et la prévention du risque d'accidents technologiques induits par l'inondation (Natech) d'un site industriel." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979309.
Full textDuarte-Colardelle, Cheila. "Analyse de la dynamique organisationnelle en temps de crise." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005228.
Full textLenoir, Aurélie. "On Comfort in Tropical Climates. The design and operation of Net Zero Energy Buildings." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0038.
Full textThis thesis investigates a comfort approach for the design and the operation of Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEBs) in tropical climates. The work is part of an international research project, Task 40 / Annex 52 led by the International Energy Agency (IEA), that concerns net zero energy solar buildings. The case study of the ENERPOS building located in Reunion Island is one of the 30 Net ZEBs selected by the IEA to create a database of demonstration projects worldwide. The point of departure of the study is the observation that one of the challenges facing the intertropical zone today is the growing energy demand. Passive design is suggested as a possible solution to reduce the energydemand of buildings. This approach leads to dealing with comfort issues rather than energy issues, as is usually the case. In spite of the inherent subjective nature of occupant comfort, there is an essential need for methods and tools to characterise comfort in relation to the physical parameters of the environment, for instance, temperature, humidity, air speed and illuminance. Different approaches to thermal and visual comfort are introduced, with the aim of proposing comfort evaluation criteria that are adapted to the design offices. A thermal comfort survey of the occupants of the ENERPOS building, based on over 2,000 feedbacks was conducted from 2008 to 2011. The results have led to the recommendation of modifications in the Givoni comfort zones, notably by extending the maximum humidity level, for passive buildings combining the use of natural ventilation and ceiling fans. An innovative methodology using simulations and taking the passive behaviour of the building into account, as opposed to the conventional approach with regard to energy use, is proposed to facilitate the optimisation of the design of passive buildings. The study focuses on the design of solar shading, given the extensive role it plays in tropical climate, as well as the direct impact it has on both thermal and visual comfort of building occupants. Although the design phase aims to optimise the building to limit both discomfort and energy consumption, the operation of the building remains the critical phase that is often neglected or overlooked by design teams. A broad examination of the operation phase of the ENERPOS building, since its construction, from both energy and users’ point of view, illustrates that a building can reduce its energy consumption significantly, and thus, its environmental impact while maintaining an acceptable level of comfort for its users
Corset, Franck. "Aide à l'optimisation de maintenance à partir de réseaux bayésiens et fiabilité dans un contexte doublement censuré." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003889.
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