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Journal articles on the topic 'Retirement'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Seligman, Jason S. "Involuntary Retirement, U.S. Social Security Program Participation and the Great Recession." Public Finance and Management 14, no. 3 (September 2014): 329–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397211401400304.

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Involuntary retirement covers economic and health related dislocations. Over 1992–2011, three-in-ten retirees in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) report an involuntary retirement. Roughly half of these involuntary retirements are health-related. Following the Great Recession, involuntary retirement in the U.S. grew much faster than voluntary retirement. I find that while the population receiving Social Security retirement benefits grew 6% slower than average, the population receiving no public retirement or disability benefits grew 79% faster than average and the population reporting health-related involuntary retirement grew 270% faster than average. While incomes are found to have fallen for all retiree groups, those reporting health-related involuntary retirements are found to have retirement income declines of 38% and the lowest pre-retirement incomes of any measured group. These findings suggest patterns of vulnerability that have important implications for proposals seeking to reform the U.S. Social Security Program.

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2

Hall, Mary, and Linda Daly. "Modelling the reverse select and ultimate mortality experience of UK ill-health retirement occupational pension scheme members." Annals of Actuarial Science 10, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499516000063.

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AbstractRetirements from the workforce can be split between those who are forced to retire early specifically for health reasons referred to as ill-health retirements and all other retirements referred to as normal-health retirements. Rates of ill-health retirement increase with age and are higher for females than males. Consequently, the mortality experience of ill-health retirement pensioners will become more important in the future as pension schemes increase their normal retirement age in line with increases in life expectancy and the proportion of women in the workforce and therefore in occupational pension schemes increases. This paper seeks to model the mortality of ill-health retirements from occupational pension schemes in the United Kingdom in the period immediately following retirement (reverse select mortality) and over the longer term (ultimate mortality) allowing for age at retirement. Females experience a longer reverse select period than males and for both males and females the improvement in mortality rates over the reverse select period is greatest at younger ages. Post the reverse select period the effect of age at retirement decreases over time with ultimate mortality rates converging by the mid-eighties for males and females.

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3

Ellsworth, Richard K. "Attrition Analysis, Midperiod Convention and Customer Retirement Forecasts." Business Valuation Review 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5791/20-00008.

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Attrition analysis is widely used by valuation professionals as a recognized method to forecast customer population retirement behavior. With attrition analysis, an expected customer population retirement profile is developed through the study of historical customer retirement activity and applied to the customer population when valuing customer relationship intangible assets. As a frequent reviewer of customer relationship valuations, valuation practitioners regularly develop an attrition analysis founded on a midperiod retirement convention but then apply an end of period convention when forecasting customer retirements. Since attrition analysis relies on midperiod retirement convention and the exponential distribution, analytical consistency is maintained when a midperiod retirement convention is used to forecast customer retirement behavior for the valuation of customer relationship intangible assets.

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4

Montes, Joshua, Christopher L. Smith, and Juliana Dajon. ""The Great Retirement Boom": The Pandemic-Era Surge in Retirements and Implications for Future Labor Force Participation." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2022-081 (November 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.081.

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As of October 2022, the retired share of the U.S. population was nearly 1½ percentage points above its pre-pandemic level (after adjusting for updated population controls to the Current Population Survey), accounting for nearly all of the shortfall in the labor force participation rate. In this paper, we analyze the pandemic-era rise in retirements using a model that accounts for pre-pandemic trends in retirement, the cyclicality of retirement, and other factors. We show that: more than half of the increase in the retired share are “excess retirements” that would likely not have occurred in the absence of the pandemic; excess retirements have been concentrated among cohorts age 65 and older at the start of the pandemic; excess retirements have been largest among the college-educated and whites; and excess retirements reflect in part that worker transitions from the labor force to retirement remain elevated. We also show that failing to account for updated population controls to the Current Population Survey leads to an underestimate of the rise in the retired share over the last few years. We use a cohort-based framework to argue that looking forward, unless the pandemic has permanently affected retirement behavior, excess retirements should eventually fade as those who retired early during the pandemic reach ages when they would have normally retired. Even as excess retirements fade, the retired share will remain well above its pre-pandemic level, reflecting population aging.

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5

Crawford, Kylie L., Anna Finnane, Ristan M. Greer, Clive J. C. Phillips, Solomon M. Woldeyohannes, Nigel R. Perkins, and Benjamin J. Ahern. "Appraising the Welfare of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Training in Queensland, Australia: The Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes for Horses after Retirement from Racing." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010142.

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There is international public concern regarding retirement of racehorses, including the reason for retirement and the outcome for horses after racing. However, there are currently no prospective studies investigating these factors. A recent independent inquiry in Queensland, Australia, highlighted that the true outcomes for horses after retirement from racing are largely unknown. Furthermore, there are currently no measures to monitor the outcome for racehorses and their welfare once they have left the care of the trainer. This study investigated these gaps in knowledge through a weekly survey conducted over a 13-month period. We aimed to evaluate: (1) the incidence of retirement, (2) the reasons and risk factors for retirement and (3) the medium-term (greater than 6 months) outcomes for horses after retirement. Data were collected through personal structured weekly interviews with participating trainers and analysed using negative binomial and logistic regression. There was a low incidence of retirements, namely 0.4% of horses in training per week. The season and training track did not affect the incidence of retirement. Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common reason for retirement (40/110 horses, 36%). Involuntary retirements accounted for 56/100 (51%) of retirements, whereby musculoskeletal injuries, respiratory or cardiac conditions and behavioural problems prevented the horse from racing The odds of voluntary retirement, whereby the horse was retired due to racing form or impending injury, increased with each additional race start (OR 1.05; p = 0.01) and start/year of racing (OR 1.21; p = 0.03) but decreased with increasing percentage of first, second and third places (OR 0.94; p < 0.001). Medium-term follow-up (median 14 months, IQR 11, 18, range 8–21) revealed that most horses (108/110; 98%) were repurposed after retirement, almost half as performance horses (50/110; 46%). Horses that voluntarily retired had 2.28 times the odds of being repurposed as performance horses than those retired involuntarily (p = 0.03). Whether retirement was voluntary or involuntary did not influence whether horses were used for breeding or pleasure. The primary limitation of this study is that our results reflect retirement in racehorses in South East Queensland, Australia, and may not be globally applicable. Furthermore, we were unable to monitor the long-term outcome and welfare of horses in their new careers. It is vital that the industry is focused on understanding the risks for voluntary rather than involuntary retirement and optimising the long-term repurposing of horses. There is a need for traceability and accountability for these horses to ensure that their welfare is maintained in their new careers.

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6

Crawford, Kylie L., Anna Finnane, Ristan M. Greer, Clive J. C. Phillips, Solomon M. Woldeyohannes, Nigel R. Perkins, and Benjamin J. Ahern. "Appraising the Welfare of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Training in Queensland, Australia: The Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes for Horses after Retirement from Racing." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010142.

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There is international public concern regarding retirement of racehorses, including the reason for retirement and the outcome for horses after racing. However, there are currently no prospective studies investigating these factors. A recent independent inquiry in Queensland, Australia, highlighted that the true outcomes for horses after retirement from racing are largely unknown. Furthermore, there are currently no measures to monitor the outcome for racehorses and their welfare once they have left the care of the trainer. This study investigated these gaps in knowledge through a weekly survey conducted over a 13-month period. We aimed to evaluate: (1) the incidence of retirement, (2) the reasons and risk factors for retirement and (3) the medium-term (greater than 6 months) outcomes for horses after retirement. Data were collected through personal structured weekly interviews with participating trainers and analysed using negative binomial and logistic regression. There was a low incidence of retirements, namely 0.4% of horses in training per week. The season and training track did not affect the incidence of retirement. Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common reason for retirement (40/110 horses, 36%). Involuntary retirements accounted for 56/100 (51%) of retirements, whereby musculoskeletal injuries, respiratory or cardiac conditions and behavioural problems prevented the horse from racing The odds of voluntary retirement, whereby the horse was retired due to racing form or impending injury, increased with each additional race start (OR 1.05; p = 0.01) and start/year of racing (OR 1.21; p = 0.03) but decreased with increasing percentage of first, second and third places (OR 0.94; p < 0.001). Medium-term follow-up (median 14 months, IQR 11, 18, range 8–21) revealed that most horses (108/110; 98%) were repurposed after retirement, almost half as performance horses (50/110; 46%). Horses that voluntarily retired had 2.28 times the odds of being repurposed as performance horses than those retired involuntarily (p = 0.03). Whether retirement was voluntary or involuntary did not influence whether horses were used for breeding or pleasure. The primary limitation of this study is that our results reflect retirement in racehorses in South East Queensland, Australia, and may not be globally applicable. Furthermore, we were unable to monitor the long-term outcome and welfare of horses in their new careers. It is vital that the industry is focused on understanding the risks for voluntary rather than involuntary retirement and optimising the long-term repurposing of horses. There is a need for traceability and accountability for these horses to ensure that their welfare is maintained in their new careers.

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7

VICKERSTAFF, SARAH. "‘I'd rather keep running to the end and then jump off the cliff’. Retirement Decisions: Who Decides?" Journal of Social Policy 35, no. 3 (June 26, 2006): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279406009871.

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Government in the UK, as elsewhere in Europe, is keen to encourage individuals to delay their retirement, work for longer and save more for their retirement. This article argues that much of this public discussion is based on the debatable premise that most people are actively choosing to leave work ‘early’. Research on retirement decisions hitherto has concentrated on individual factors, which dispose towards early retirement and has neglected the role of the employer in determining retirement timing. New research reported here, undertaken in three organisational case studies, explores the management of retirement and how individual employees experience these processes. It employs the concepts of the ‘retirement zone’ and retirement scenarios to demonstrate how the interaction of individual attributes (themselves subject to change) and organisational practices (also unpredictable and variable) produces retirement outcomes. It concludes that there is considerable management discretion over the manner and timing of individual retirements. Hence, government needs to recognise that the majority of individuals may have relatively little personal discretion over their departure from work and hence concentration on urging them to work for longer and delay retiring may be missing the real target for policy change.

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8

Thompson, Wayne E. "Pre-Retirement Anticipation and Adjustment in Retirement1." Journal of Social Issues 14, no. 2 (April 14, 2010): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1958.tb01404.x.

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9

Treasure, Jayne. "Retirement? What Retirement?" Journal of Classics Teaching 17, no. 33 (2016): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631016000118.

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Having decided to leave Haberdashers’ Monmouth School for Girls (HMSG) after 23 years in 2013, most of my former colleagues were under the impression that I was planning to retire. To an extent that was true; I did decide to take my teachers’ pension early after a talk about pensions on an INSET day a couple of years earlier (and here I must apologise to younger teachers for whom this may not be a choice). There were some startling statistics about retirement age and the likelihood of death if left too late. Someone suggested it was probably a ruse by the governors to get rid of expensive teachers. If so, it worked. As far as I was concerned, it was one of the most worthwhile INSET days during my career.

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10

DE VAUS, DAVID, YVONNE WELLS, HAL KENDIG, and SUSAN QUINE. "Does gradual retirement have better outcomes than abrupt retirement? Results from an Australian panel study." Ageing and Society 27, no. 5 (August 29, 2007): 667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x07006228.

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ABSTRACTConventional wisdom promotes gradual retirement rather than an abrupt end to the working life. This paper compares the outcomes of abrupt and gradual retirement one and three years after the transition to retirement began using data from an Australian panel study. The outcomes included changes in health, positive and negative affect, wellbeing and marital cohesion. For many outcomes there was no difference between gradual and abrupt retirements, but those who retired abruptly were more likely to rate their health as having deteriorated and more likely to report better adjustment to retirement. Control over retirement decisions was also explored; it emerged as a more important factor in retirement wellbeing than whether the transition was gradual or abrupt. The absence of interaction or additive effects between the retirement pathway and the level of control over the process confirmed this result. Thus there is no simple answer to the question in the title. Retiring gradually allows time for people to make changes to their lifestyle, but having control over the timing and manner of leaving work had a greater positive impact on psychological and social wellbeing, and this persisted three years after retirement. The findings suggest that policies and employment practices that promote employees' control of their retirement decisions will enhance wellbeing in later life and facilitate longer workforce participation.

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11

Shive, Earl S. "Retirement or Semi-Retirement." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v2i4.898.

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12

Man, Gabriela-Maria, and Mihaela Man. "Retirement, Predictive Factors of Retirement and Retirement Adjustment." Scientific Bulletin 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsaft-2019-0017.

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Abstract Today, retirement is a process that many people have access to. This is due to the fact that global life expectancy has increased, and in many countries retirement, as a form of remuneration after years of work, is guaranteed by social security funds. For many members of society, the accessibility of retirement creates the need to know more about it. In this respect, the present article addresses the issue of defining retirement and lists the main predictors of retirement, or those factors related to the continuation of professional activity. At the same time, this article lists several factors, identified in the literature, as predictive factors of adjustment after retirement.

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13

Borgschulte, Mark, and Heepyung Cho. "Minimum Wages and Retirement." ILR Review 73, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793919845861.

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The authors study the effect of the minimum wage on the employment outcomes and Social Security claiming of older US workers from 1983 to 2016. The probability of work at or near the minimum wage increases substantially near retirement, and previous researchers and policies suggest that older workers may be particularly vulnerable to any disemployment effects of the minimum wage. Results show no evidence that the minimum wage causes earlier retirements. Instead, estimates suggest that higher minimum wages increase earnings and may have small positive effects on the labor supply of workers in the key ages of 62 to 70. Consistent with increased earnings and delayed retirement, higher minimum wages decrease the number of Social Security beneficiaries and amount of benefits disbursed. The minimum wage appears to increase financial resources for workers near retirement.

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14

Voss, Maren Wright, Man Hung, lorie Richards, Wei Li, Pollie Price, Alexandra Terrill, and Lori Wadsworth. "Lost Work Opportunity Score Predicts Health in Retirement." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2183.

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Abstract Objectives: Under-reporting of unemployment or forced retirement has consequences for measuring the impacts of job changes on health at retirement. We analyzed a comprehensive three-part measure of lost work opportunity for evidence of impact on health. Methods: We combined variables from the Health and Retirement Study for 2,576 respondents assessing unemployment, forced retirement, and earlier than planned retirement into a single lost work opportunity score (LOS). We evaluated the reliability and unidimensionality of the LOS. We conducted multivariate regression to assess health impacts controlling for age, gender, education, race, ethnicity, and prior health status. Results: The Cronbach’s Alpha for the LOS was a = 0.76 and the LOS variables primarily loaded onto a single component demonstrating undimensionality. The LOS significantly predicted self-reported health (□= .16; p < .001) with higher lost work associated with negative health outcomes (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.07). The LOS score significantly predicted mental health declines (□ = .07; p = .002)(Cox and Snell R2 = 0.07). Discussion: Population-level data indicates that health declines following both unemployment and retirement, but there is ample evidence that early or planned retirements do not show the same negative health impacts. We examined the health impact of retirement using the construct of lost work opportunity rather than voluntary or involuntary retirement, per se. Our findings indicate that as much as 7% of negative health changes in the early retirement years could be attributable to employment changes that were unplanned or experienced as outside the retiree's control.

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15

Cliff, Dallas. "Negotiating A Flexible Retirement: Further Paid Work and the Quality of Life in Early Retirement." Ageing and Society 11, no. 3 (September 1991): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00004190.

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ABSTRACTThe economic participation rates of older men have fallen dramatically over the last decade. Early retirements have accounted for much although not all of this reduction and yet early retirement has been a somewhat neglected aspect of the social scientific literature. Initially the prerogative of managers and white-collar workers, early retirement has spread to wider sections of the work force and has generally been seen by managers and trade unions as an uncontentious way of achieving ‘headcount reduction'. Research into the experiences of early retirees is sparse but such survey data as does exist suggests relatively high levels of satisfaction. This paper presents some of the findings of a small, qualitative study of the experience of early retirement from the chemical industry of a sample of 40 men from the West Riding of Yorkshire. An attempt was made to construct a quality-of-life index with which to compare and contrast their experiences and investigate some of the major factors in determining the outcome of early retirement. The paper highlights the role of further paid work in enabling healthy men with marketable skills to effectively negotiate their own ‘flexible retirements’. Those with ill health and a lack of skills were unable to do this and these factors were associated with a relatively low quality of life.

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16

Radpour, Siavash. "EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON OLDER WORKERS’ LABOR MARKET AND RETIREMENT DECISIONS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1150.

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Abstract Several studies have documented the increase in retirement since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. I contribute to this literature by answering two key questions that show the pandemic excess retirement is caused primarily by demand-side factors: first, using the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data on employment and retirement of older workers and CPS’s panel structure, I explore if older workers left their jobs and the labor force voluntarily as a part of “the great resignation”. I find that very few workers quit their jobs voluntarily, and most retirements were preceded by involuntary job loss and unemployment. Second, using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with its rich data on wealth, employment, and the special Covid-19 related questions included in 2020 HRS (Wave 15), I examine if older workers who experienced job loss during the pandemic retired because they were financially prepared for retirement. I find that among the small group of older workers who quit their jobs because of the pandemic, the majority did not have adequate retirement assets and their decision is more likely to be based on their health status and vulnerability during the pandemic.

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17

Liu, Jingwen. "Spillover Effects of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health of a Spouse or Partner: Do Gender and Sexuality Matter?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2036.

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Abstract While the health implication of retirement on retirees has been widely discussed in social sciences, less is known about its spillover effects on one’s spouse or partner. Indeed, large quantities of studies have shown that retirement is a joint decision of couples that may influence the time use of spouses and the incidence of divorce, and so leaving the cross-spouse effects unexplored may underestimate the influence of retirement and social security policies. Using ten waves of Health and Retirement Survey (HRS 1996-2014, N = 85039 observations), this research adopts fixed effects models and instrumental variable methods to examine the causal effects of a retiree’s retirement on the physical and mental health outcomes of his/her spouse or partner, with particular attention paid to the gender and sexuality differentials. Regression results suggest that transitioning into retirement is associated with enhanced self-reported health and cognitive function and decreased depressive symptoms, physical limitation, and BMI among the retirees’ spouses or partners. However, the timing when retirement occurs also matters that retirement at the culturally expected retirement age leads to beneficial spillover effects, while late retirement brings about detrimental effects. Further comparison analysis indicates that retirement’s spillover effects are more prominent among females and heterosexual couples than among their male and gay and lesbian counterparts. These findings inform policymakers of the cross-couple spillover effects of postponing retirement ages and the increasing physical and psychological disparities of females and gay and lesbian couples within families in middle and later life.

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18

Berg, Peter, Mary K. Hamman, Matthew Piszczek, and Christopher J. Ruhm. "Can Policy Facilitate Partial Retirement? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Germany." ILR Review 73, no. 5 (March 11, 2020): 1226–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793920907320.

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In 1996, Germany introduced the Altersteilzeit (ATZ) policy, which provided incentives for partial retirement. Using linked establishment survey and administrative employment data, the authors estimate changes in part-time employment rates and retirement after ATZ. Among men, part-time work increased and retirements were postponed by at least 0.6 years without any displacement of full-time work. For women, the increases in working lives appeared to be even larger. These estimates are based on a nationally representative sample of firms. When analysis is restricted to a subset of firms with collective agreements covering partial retirement, and when the staggered timing of those agreements is used to identify estimates, the authors find extensions of working life of more than 1 year. Overall, these findings suggest that policies encouraging partial retirement may have potential for increasing the duration of working life.

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19

Rita, Maria Rio, Yeterina Widi Nugrahanti, and Pambayun Kinasih Yekti Nastiti. "The Sources and Effects of Retirement Planning: An Empirical Study of Sandwich-Generation Employees in Indonesia." Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen 39, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/mem.v39i2.4878.

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This research aims to analyze the retirement planning of employees belonging to the sandwich generation by considering financial literacy, collectivist culture, and family financial responsibility that promote financial and psychological well-being. We run the SEM-PLS to analyze the data from 200 sandwich-generation employees between 25-55 years old. The results demonstrate that financial literacy positively affects financial and psychological well-being, collectivist culture positively affects family financial responsibility, family financial responsibility affects retirement planning and psychological well-being, as well as retirement planning positively affects financial and psychological well-being. These findings indicate that personal and financial factors contribute to retirement planning for sandwich generation employees. It is hoped that planning for retirement early can break the chain of births of the next sandwich generation in the family, so that financial and psychological well-being can be achieved. This paper implies that sandwich-generation employees must plan their retirements early and wisely to achieve financial well-being and even break the chain of the next sandwich-generation.

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20

Vanajan, Anushiya, Ute Bültmann, and Kène Henkens. "Who Benefits in Vitality After Retirement? Findings From a 3-Year Panel Study." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1502.

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Abstract Background. Past studies have revealed the effect of retirement on various health measures. None, however, have studied retirement’s effect on vitality, a holistic measure of physical and mental health. To boot, very few studies have addressed the heterogeneity in the health consequences of retirement. This study investigates the effect of retirement on vitality, and how this effect is influenced by 1) manual work and 2) baseline vitality. Methods. The analyses were based on two waves of the NIDI Pension Panel Survey, collected in the Netherlands in 2015 and 2018. Data from 4,156 older workers (N=4,156), of whom 1,934 (46.5%) retired between waves, were analysed. Vitality is assessed in three ways, as: 1) a composite measure of vitality, and its sub-components 2) energy and 3) fatigue. Results. Conditional Change OLS Regression Models demonstrate that retirement improves vitality and decreases fatigue. These effects were heterogeneous. Retirement was more advantageous for older workers who experienced poor vitality and increased fatigue before retirement. Likewise, older workers who were employed in manual work before retirement, experienced the largest gains in vitality and deepest declines in fatigue post-retirement. No such effects were found for energy. Conclusions. Older workers experiencing low baseline vitality and high baseline fatigue and those in manual labor may benefit from early retirement. Since early retirement is financially unfavorable, it is essential to provide these groups of workers with workplace vitality interventions that may not only improve their vitality and quality of working life, but also extend their participation in the labor market.

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21

Ugwu, Lawrence Ejike, Wojujutari Kenni Ajele, and Erhabor Sunday Idemudia. "Paradox of life after work: A systematic review and meta-analysis on retirement anxiety and life satisfaction." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 4 (April 4, 2024): e0003074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003074.

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Retirement is a pivotal life transition that often changes routines, identity, and objectives. With increasing life expectancies and evolving societal norms, examining the interplay between retirement anxiety and life satisfaction is vital. This study delves into this relationship, recognising the complexities of retirement. A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Research from 2003 to 2023 was sourced from databases like CINAHL, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Google Scholar, focusing on diverse methodologies and outcomes related to retirement registered in Prospero database (CRD42023427949). The quality assessment used an eight-criterion risk of bias scale, and analyses included qualitative and quantitative approaches, such as random-effects meta-analysis and moderator analyses. After reviewing 19 studies with varied geographical and demographic scopes, a mixed relationship between retirement and life satisfaction emerged: 32% of studies reported a positive relationship, 47% were negative, and 21% found no significant correlation. Meta-analysis indicated high heterogeneity and non-significant mean effect size, suggesting no consistent impact of retirement on life satisfaction. Moderator analyses highlighted the influence of measurement tools on outcomes. The findings reveal a complex interplay between retirement anxiety and life satisfaction, stressing the need for holistic retirement policies that encompass mental health, social integration, and adaptability, focusing on cultural sensitivity. Challenges include potential biases in data sources, methodological diversity, the scarcity of longitudinal studies, and difficulties in addressing recent societal shifts, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Variability in measurement tools and possible publication bias may have also influenced results. This study contributes to understanding retirement, emphasising the relationship between retirement anxiety and life satisfaction. It advocates for ongoing, detailed, culturally informed research to grasp retirement’s multifaceted aspects fully.

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22

Salas, Eduardo, and Jensine Paoletti. "A Teams Perspective on Workplace Aging and Retirement." Work, Aging and Retirement 5, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/workar/waz008.

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Abstract During the past decades, population aging, later retirements, and a shift to team-based work have left organizations with challenges associated with age-diverse teams and retirement from a team-based work structure. However, limited research has investigated the interplays between teams, aging, and retirement. Here, we overview the research at the intersection on aging and teams and discuss how aging is often a proxy for variables of organizational interest. Next, we outline the challenges associated with age-related faultlines and age discrimination. We then highlight areas for future research, such as team cognition and compositional changes associated with teammate retirement. Lastly, we discuss inclusive diversity training and bidirectional mentorships as potential organizational interventions for more cohesive age-diverse teams.

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23

Lacomba, Juan A., and Francisco M. Lagos. "Reforming the Retirement Scheme: Flexible Retirement versus Legal Retirement Age." FinanzArchiv 68, no. 3 (2012): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/001522112x653831.

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24

Soumadi, Mustafa M. "Economical and Social Effects on Retirement Salaries of Participants and Beneficiaries From the Jordanian Social Security System." Research in World Economy 11, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n3p293.

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The study aims to identify the reality of retirement salaries for the 1,200,000 insured employees at the social security network in Jordan, out of a total workforce of about 5,926,580, which means that 20% of the total number of employees is included in the social security system. The study aimed to make a comparison between the retirement salaries level and the cost of living level of the Jordanian family, which amounted to (854) JDs per month based on the spending and wages average at the Jordanian General Statistics Department, while the retirement salaries rate paid to the retirees of government and private sectors amounted to (494) JDs per month for the public sector and also (494) JDs per month for the family of private sector.The study viewed the retirement salaries rates according to the various economical activities for the years (2015/2016) and the results showed that average retirement salaries for those eligible social security participants (493) JDs per month, while the average beneficiaries who currently receive retirements salaries is about (576) JDs per month and their number about (193,763) thousand citizens. The study was also shocking as it turns out that retirement salary for the beneficiaries who receive retirement salaries now between (178) and (576) JDs, which means that many of the low beneficiaries segments and after (20) years of continuous service their retirement salaries don't reach the government-set poverty line of (339) JDs per month, and all salaries of participants who haven't reached the retirement age and the beneficiaries, the retirement salaries of 100% of them will not reach the sufficiency line or the average cost of living for the Jordanian family of (854) JDs per month. Study recommends the establishment of a higher wage council made up of economists, jurists, financial people, and representatives from the public and private sector, and the army, military, and security institutions to establish a fair wage system.

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25

Bates, Jane. "Retirement." Nursing Standard 22, no. 52 (September 3, 2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.22.52.27.s27.

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Tincher, Beverly. "Retirement:." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics 11, no. 1 (March 15, 1993): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j148v11n01_05.

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Tincher, Beverly J. V. "Retirement:." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j148v11n01_05.

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Schuyler, Dean. "Retirement." Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 03, no. 06 (December 1, 2001): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v03n0601.

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Kaiman, Charles. "Retirement." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 115, no. 3 (March 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000461790.83915.ee.

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Bachman, Ronet, and Karl Pillemer. "Retirement:." Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect 3, no. 2 (June 18, 1991): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j084v03n02_05.

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Romond, Edwin. "Retirement." English Journal 94, no. 2 (November 2004): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128794.

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Vincent, Mary Anne. "RETIREMENT?" AJN, American Journal of Nursing 105, no. 11 (November 2005): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200511000-00009.

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33

Gripper, J. "Retirement." Veterinary Record 125, no. 20 (November 11, 1989): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.125.20.495.

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Ryan, Robert F. "RETIREMENT." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 88, no. 4 (October 1991): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199110000-00044.

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35

Jenkins, John. "Retirement." Physiotherapy 74, no. 8 (August 1988): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)63287-7.

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MATTESON, S. "Retirement." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 98, no. 4 (October 2004): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(04)00586-4.

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Briles, Judith. "Retirement." Men in Nursing 1, no. 3 (June 2006): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01244664-200606000-00004.

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Osgood, N. J. "Retirement." Gerontologist 25, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/25.6.658a.

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Arsenault, A. G. "Retirement." Gerontologist 25, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 659–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/25.6.659.

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Matteson, Stephen R. "Retirement." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 98, no. 4 (October 2004): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.09.001.

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Schreiber, Melvyn H. "Retirement." Academic Radiology 5, no. 1 (January 1998): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(98)80017-2.

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42

Herman, Joseph. "Retirement." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 46, no. 12 (December 1993): 1451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(93)90145-q.

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McBride, Andrew. "Retirement." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 7 (July 2004): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.7.265-a.

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Singleton, Jerome F. "Retirement." Activities, Adaptation & Aging 6, no. 4 (April 11, 1985): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j016v06n04_01.

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Neligan, Peter C. "Retirement." Archives of Plastic Surgery 49, no. 06 (November 2022): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758637.

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Gunderman, Richard B., and Donald M. Bachman. "Retirement." Journal of the American College of Radiology 9, no. 9 (September 2012): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2012.06.006.

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Fields, Gary S., Olivia S. Mitchell, P. Brett Hammond, and Anna M. Rappaport. "Forecasting Retirement Needs and Retirement Wealth." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 54, no. 2 (January 2001): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696018.

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Midanik, Lorraine T., Krikor Soghikian, Laura J. Ransom, and Michael R. Polen. "Health Status, Retirement Plans, and Retirement." Journal of Aging and Health 2, no. 4 (November 1990): 462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089826439000200403.

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CLARK, ROBERT L., and LINDA S. GHENT. "Mandatory Retirement and Faculty Retirement Decisions." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 47, no. 1 (January 4, 2008): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.2008.00510.x.

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Szinovacz, Maximiliane E. "Couple Retirement Patterns and Retirement Age." International Journal of Sociology 32, no. 2 (June 2002): 30–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15579336.2002.11770248.

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