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Journal articles on the topic 'Retinopathy'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Tóth, Gábor, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, and János Németh. "A cukorbetegség szemészeti szövődményeinek modellalapú költségterhe Magyarországon." Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 8 (February 21, 2021): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32031.

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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A diabeteses retinopathia minden harmadik cukorbeteget érinti a világban, és a dolgozó korú lakosság körében a vakság vezető oka. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja a diabeteses retinopathia prevalenciaalapú költségterhének meghatározása 2018-ban a 18 évnél idősebb korú lakosság körében Magyarországon. Módszer: Standardizált ’rapid assessment of avoidable blindness’ (RAAB) + diabeteses retinopathia modul alapú metodikán alapuló modellel analizáltuk a diabeteses retinopathia költségterhét. A diabeteses retinopathia okozta gazdasági terhet a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő és a páciensek oldaláról felmerülő költségeket analizálva vizsgáltuk. A prevalenciaalapú diabeteses retinopathia költségmodellt a skót diabeteses retinopathia klasszifikációnak és a diabeteses retinopathia súlyossági stádiumának megfelelően állítottuk össze. Eredmények: A diabeteses retinopathia költségterhe 43,66 milliárd Ft volt 2018-ban. A két fő költségviselő az anti-VEGF-injekciók (28,91 milliárd Ft) és a vitrectomiák (8,09 milliárd Ft) voltak. Ez a két kezelési mód volt felelős a diabeteses retinopathiával kapcsolatban felmerülő összes költség 84,7%-áért. Az egy páciensre jutó átlagos költségteher 54 691 Ft volt hazánkban. Következtetés: A cukorbetegek szemészeti járó- és fekvőbeteg-ellátása alulfinanszírozott hazánkban. A proliferatív diabeteses retinopathia és a diabeteses maculaoedema növekvő társadalmi-gazdasági terhe miatt érdemes volna javítani a megelőzés, a szűrés és a korai kezelés jelenlegi helyzetén. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305. Summary. Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy affects every third people with diabetes mellitus in the world and is the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the economic burden associated with diabetic retinopathy in people aged 18 years and older in Hungary. Method: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) with the diabetic retinopathy module (DRM) based diabetic retinopathy cost model study was conducted in Hungary in 2018. Economic burden of diabetic retinopathy was analysed from the perspective of the National Health Insurance Fund system and the patients. Our prevalence-based diabetic retinopathy cost model was performed according to the Scottish diabetic retinopathy grading scale and based on the diabetic retinopathy severity stadium. Results: The total diabetic retinopathy-associated economic burden was 43.66 billion HUF in 2018. The two major cost drivers were anti-VEGF injections (28.91 billion HUF) and vitrectomies (8.09 billion HUF) in Hungary; they covered to 84.7% of the total cost among people with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic retinopathy-related cost per patient was 54 691 HUF in Hungary. Conclusion: Outpatient and inpatient eye care of people with diabetes mellitus are underfinanced in Hungary. Due to the increasing socio-economic burden of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema, it would be important to invest in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema prevention, screening and early treatment. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305.
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2

Sirait, Erwin, Muhammad Zarlis, and Syahril Efendi. "Extraction Zoning Feature to Diabetic Retinopathic Detection Models." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.18757.

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The health sector is one area that has been applying various computer technologies. To diagnose a patient's illness was already done with computers. One is to diagnose diabetic Retinopathic disease that can happen to anyone. Diabetic Retinopathy, which is one of the complications caused by diabetes. Symptoms shown from this disease is mikroneurisma, hemorrhages, excudets and neovascularos. The detection of the disease is done by looking at the information on the retinal image and can then be classified according to severity. This research aims to develop a method that can be used utuk classify Diabetic Retinopathy. The process of classification is based fiture-fiture the retinal image obtained by the extraction process using extraction methods Zoning. The process is then performed to classify the Bayes Method and the results obtained Diabetic Retinopahty classification. The results of this study yield maximum accuracy 65%.
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3

De Castro, Milena Borges, Vitoria Aguiar De Faria, Edilberto Vanconcelos Pereira Júnior, Izabela Aguiar De Faria, Iago Assunção Pereira, Cristiano De Anchieta Lisboa, and Virgílio Ribeiro Guedes. "Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética: uma revisão." Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2017v4n3p66.

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Introdução: A retinopatia diabética é uma severa complicação recorrente do diabetes 1 e 2, afastá-la exige um acompanhamento médico enérgico e uma atenção principalmente para o controle de seus fatores de risco. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética a partir de publicações recentes em base de dados diversas. Metodologia: Pesquisa retrospectiva, não-sistemática das bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e Pubmed empregando os termos “retinopatia diabética”, “diabetes mellitus”, “fatores de risco”, “nefropatia diabética”, “glaucoma”, “catarata”, “miopia”, “controle glicêmico”, “hipertensão”, “dislipidemia”, “obesidade”, “gestação” e seus equivalentes em língua inglesa. Resultados: Os principais fatores de risco elegidos foram divididos em seções didáticas e explanados para melhor elucidação do tema. Conclusão: Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética há algumas décadas são discutidos e avaliados em diversas pesquisas por diferentes regiões e mostram resultados confluentes em todo mundo. Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus, Retinopatia diabética, Fatores de risco. ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a severe recurrent complication of diabetes 1 and 2, moving it away requires vigorous medical monitoring and attention primarily to control of its risk factors. Objective: To identify risk factors for diabetic retinopathy from recent publications in a variety of databases. Methods: Non-systematic search of Lilacs, SciELO and Pubmed databases using the terms "diabetic retinopathy", "diabetes mellitus", "risk factors", "diabetic nephropathy", "glaucoma", "cataract", "myopia", "Glycemic control", "hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "obesity", "gestation" And their equivalents in English. Results: The main risk factors chosen were divided into didactic sections and explanations to better elucidate the theme. Conclusion: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy for some decades are discussed and evaluated in several researches by different regions and show confluent results worldwide. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Risk factors.
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Syuhada, Rahmat, Toni Prasetya, Ade Utia Detty, and Merryshol Okhi. "Visualoutcome Pada Pasien Retinopati Diabetik Pasca Operasi Pars Plana Vitrektomi Di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020/2021." MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal 1, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v1i4.3958.

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ABSTRACT: VISUAL RESULTS OF DIABETES RETINOPATHY PATIENTS POST PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY OPERATION AT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN HOSPITAL Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a neovascular complication that is very specific for type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Based on data according to Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018, diabetes mellitus in 2013 reached 1.5% of patients with diabetes, and is increasing. to 2.0% in 2018. Treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with complications of diabetic retinopathy by performing pars plana vitrectomy surgery which is anoperative management that can improve eye visual or restore visual fuction. Research Objectives: To determine the visual outcome in diabetic retinopathy patients after pars plana vitrectomy surgery at Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital, Lampung Province in 2020.Research Methods: This type of research was cross -sectional. Sampling was done by total sampling. Bivariate data analysis using Paired T-Test.Results: Statistical analysis using Paired T-Test showed the p-value for visualoutcome analysis in diabetic retinopathy patients before and after pars plana vitrectomy surgery was 0.000 (p-value <0.05).Conclusions: There are significant changes in diabetic retinopathy patients visualoutcome before pars plana vitrectomy surgery and after pars plana vitrectomy surgery at Pertamina Hospital Amin Star Lampung Province 2020. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, pars plana vitrectomy operation, Visualoutcome INTISARI: VISUALOUTCOME PADA PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK PASCA OPERASI PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY DI RUMAH SAKIT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN Latar Belakang: Retinopati diabetik adalah komplikasi neovaskular yang sangat spesifik untuk diabetes tipe 1 dan diabetes tipe 2. Berdasarkan data menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) pada tahun 2018, penyakit diabetes melitus di tahun 2013 mencapai 1,5% pasien pengidap diabetes, dan meningkat menjadi 2,0% pada tahun 2018. Penanganan pada pasien diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi retinopati diabetik diantaranya adalah dengan dilakukannya operasi pars plana vitrektomi yang merupakan penatalaksanaan operatif yang dapat memperbaiki visus mata atau memulihkan fungsi penglihatan . Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui visualoutcome pada pasien retinopati diabetik pasca operasi pars plana vitrektomi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah potong silang (Cross-sectioal). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Analisis data bivariat dengan Paired T-Test.Hasil Penelitian: Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Paired T-Test menunjukkan p-value untuk analisa visualoutcome pada pasien retinopati diabetic sebelum dan sesudah operasi operasi pars plana vitrektomi sebesar 0,000 (p-value < 0,05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan yang signifikan pada visualoutcome pasien retinopati diabetik sebelum operasi pars plana vitrektomi dan sesudah operasi pars plana vitrektomi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020. Kata Kunci: Retinopati Diabetik, Operasi Pars Plana Vitrektomi, Visualoutcome
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Tanto, Stefany, Gilbert Sterling Octavius, and Alvita Suci Edgina. "Effects of Adjuvant Administration of Macromolecules and Total Calories through Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition in Improvement of Neovascularisation of Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Literature Review." SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v3i2.4471.

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Introduction: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is almost exclusively in premature infants. With advanced care and technology, the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in babies is increasing, which means the incidence of preventable blindness in ROP is increasing. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of protein, glucose, lipids, and total calories from Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition (APN) in improving neovascularisation of ROP in premature infants. Methods: We searched PubMed, Ophthalmology Advance, Scientific Reports, and Science Direct using the terms "Retinopathy of Prematurity", "Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition", "Prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Indonesia", "Protein", "Lipid", "Carbohydrate", "Glucose", "Total Calories", "Neovascularization", and "Prematurity" in various combinations. Results: We found three pieces of literature stating a positive association between APN and improvement of ROP, while one literature states that there is no significant change of prevalence of ROP by administering APN. Keywords: Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition, glucose, lipid, protein, Retinopathy of Prematurity Pendahuluan: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) adalah penyakit yang hampir secara eksklusif terjadi pada bayi prematur. Dengan perawatan dan teknologi yang canggih, prevalensi retinopati pada bayi prematur meningkat dan ini berarti kejadian kebutaan yang dapat dicegah pada ROP meningkat. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi efek protein, glukosa, lipid, dan kalori total dari Nutrisi Parenteral Agresif (APN) dalam meningkatkan neovaskularisasi ROP pada bayi prematur. Metode: Kami mencari PubMed, Ophthalmology Advance, Scientific Reports dan Science Direct menggunakan istilah “Retinopathy of Prematurity”, “Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition”, “Prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Indonesia”, “Protein”, “Lipid”, “Carbohydrate” , "Glukosa", "Kalori Total", "Neovaskularisasi", dan "Prematuritas" dalam berbagai kombinasi. Hasil: Ditemukan tiga literatur yang menyatakan terdapat hubungan positif antara APN dengan peningkatan ROP sedangkan satu literatur menyatakan tidak ada perubahan signifikan prevalensi ROP dengan pemberian APN. Kata Kunci: Nutrisi Parenteral Agresif, glukosa, lipid, protein, Retinopati Prematuritas
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Garzón Parra, Sandra Johanna, Adriana María Bonilla Hernández, Andrés Felipe Pulido Ladino, and Edouard Lafosse. "Respuestas tisulares y vasculares en retinopatía hipertensiva con anticuerpos monoclonales como terapia antiangiogénica." Ciencia & Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular 11, no. 2 (December 6, 2013): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/sv.2370.

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<p>Objetivo: identificar el uso oftálmico de anticuerpos monoclonales en retinopatía hipertensiva y su efecto sobre la agudeza visual (AV), angiogénesis vascular y cambios en el fondo de ojo de pacientes hipertensos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión de literatura en las bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, Embasi, Lilacs, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Hinari, Micromedex y Science Direct, mediante los términos MESH Monoclonal antibody and hypertensive retinopathy, Bevacizumab hypertensive retinopathy, monoclonal antibody therapy hypertensive retinopathy y Pegaptanib and hypertensive retinopathy, limitado a los años 2000 a 2012. Se encontraron 2345 estudios relacionados con el tema, de los cuales fueron seleccionados los que estuvieran escritos en inglés, francés, portugués y español, así como los relacionados con eficacia en el tratamiento de retinopatía hipertensiva o cambios angiogénicos en retinopatía diabética. La calidad de la evidencia científica fue clasificada a través de la metodología de Oxford. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables de estudio relacionadas con las respuestas en tejidos. Resultados: los anticuerpos monoclonales intervienen en el control del VEGF disminuyendo el riesgo de hemorragias retinales y reduciendo el espesor retinal. Anticuerpos como el bevacizumab muestran un 95 % en eficacia para la mejoría en AV (ETDRS 3 Líneas D.E. 2,15), mientras que el ranibizumab y el pegaptanib tienen 86 % en mejoría de Av (p &lt; 0,05). La triamcinolona muestra mejoría en fuga vascular y edema macular en retinopatía hipertensiva asociada a diabetes, sin diferencias significativas entre grupos (p = 0,03).</p>
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Vora, Parshva, and Sudhir Shrestha. "Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy Using Embedded Computer Vision." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 7274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207274.

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Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the United States and other countries around the world. People who have diabetic retinopathy may not have symptoms until the condition becomes severe, which may eventually lead to vision loss. Thus, the medically underserved populations are at an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy-related blindness. In this paper, we present development efforts on an embedded vision algorithm that can classify healthy versus diabetic retinopathic images. Convolution neural network and a k-fold cross-validation process were used. We used 88,000 labeled high-resolution retina images obtained from the publicly available Kaggle/EyePacs database. The trained algorithm was able to detect diabetic retinopathy with up to 76% accuracy. Although the accuracy needs to be further improved, the presented results represent a significant step forward in the direction of detecting diabetic retinopathy using embedded computer vision. This technology has the potential of being able to detect diabetic retinopathy without having to see an eye specialist in remote and medically underserved locations, which can have significant implications in reducing diabetes-related vision losses.
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Petrovič, Mojca Globočnik, Ines Cilenšek, and Daniel Petrovič. "Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism (V16A) is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Slovene (Caucasians) Type 2 Diabetes Patients." Disease Markers 24, no. 1 (2008): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/940703.

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Substantial data indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Two candidate genes that affect the oxidative stress are manganese mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene and the 4a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene in the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes.In this cross sectional case-control study 426 unrelated Slovene subjects (Caucasians) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled: 283 patients with diabetic retinopathy and the control group of 143 subjects with type 2 diabetes of duration of more than 10 years who had no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy.A significantly higher frequency of the VV genotype of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD was found in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without diabetic retinopathy (OR=2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.4;p= 0.006), whereas the 4a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene failed to yield an association with diabetic retinopathy.We may conclude that the VV genotype of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene was associated with diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes, therefore it might be used as a genetic marker of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians.
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Yefrenes Dillak, Rocky, and Agus Harjoko. "Klasifikasi Fase Retinopati Diabetes Menggunakan Backpropagation Neural Network." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.3049.

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AbstrakRetinopati diabetes (DR) merupakan salah satu komplikasi pada retina yang disebabkan oleh penyakit diabetes. Tingkat keparahan DR dibagi atas empat kelas yakni: normal, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), dan macular edema (ME). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan klasifikasi terhadap fase DR. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 97 citra yang fitur – fiturnya diekstrak menggunakan gray level cooccurence matrix (GLCM). Fitur ciri tersebut adalah maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, dan entropy. Fitur – fitur ini dilatih menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan backpropagation untuk dilakukan klasifikasi. Kinerja yang dihasilkan dari pendekatan ini adalah sensitivity 100%, specificity 100% dan accuracy 97.73% Kata kunci— fase retinopati diabetes, GLCM, backpropagation neural network Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications on retina caused by diabetes. The aim of this studyis to develop a system that can be used for automatic mass screenings of diabetic retinopathy. Four classes are identified: normal retina, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and macular edema (ME). Ninenty-seven retinal fundus images in used in this study. Six different texture features such as maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, and entropy were extracted from the digital fundus images using gray level cooccurence matrix (GLCM). These features were fed into a backpropagation neural network classifier for automatic classification. The proposed approach is able to classify with sensitivity 100%, specificity 100% and accuracy 97.73% Keywords— diabetic retinopathy stages, GLCM, backpropagation neural network
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Yahya, Willy. "Retinopati Prematuritas : Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 47, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i10.1080.

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<p>Retinopati prematuritas (ROP) adalah kelainan proliferatif progresif pembuluh darah retina bayi prematur yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) membagi ROP berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, perluasan, lokasi, adanya penyakit lain, dan adanya ROP posterior yang agresif. ROP dimulai dari penundaan vaskularisasi retina akibat keadaan hiperoksia relatif dan dilanjutkan dengan fase vasoproliferasi. Skrining adekuat dengan oftalmoskop indirek dan tatalaksana sesuai pedoman The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) menjadi modalitas penanganan ROP saat ini. Tatalaksana dengan modalitas lain masih diteliti.</p><p>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative, progressive vascularization in premature infants which can lead to blindness. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) classified the ROP based on severity, extent, zone, the existence of other diseases, and the existence of aggressive posterior ROP. ROP starts with the delay of retinal vascularization from relative hyperoxia state and develops to vasoproliferation phase. Adequate screening by indirect ophthalmoscope and The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) treatment guideline become the current modality for ROP therapy. Treatment with other modalities are still under investigation.</p>
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J, Shah Vinit, YC Venu Gopal Reddy, Syed Mohideen KA, Syed Saifuddin Adeel, and Nair Shobita. "Radiation retinopathy masquerading diabetic retinopathy." International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.68.

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Simorangkir, Hans Andre Hamonangan. "Mikroenkapsulasi Kombinasi Curcumin pada Kunyit (Curcuma Longa) dan Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) pada Daun Teh Hijau (Camellia Sinensis): Inovasi Terapi Pencegahan Diabetik Retinopati pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2." SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal 1, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v1i2.1234.

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ABSTRAK Retinopati diabetik adalah komplikasi mikrovaskular diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (DM Tipe 2) yang menjadi penyebab utama kebutaan pada orang dewasa. Penderita DM Tipe 2 berisiko 25 kali lebih mudah mengalami kebutaan dibanding nondiabetes. Minimnya pengetahuan pasien mengenai gejala, tidak adekuatnya pelayan kesehatan, dan masalah ekonomi merupakan faktor yang menyebabkan sulitnya penanganan retinopati diabetik. Kombinasi curcumin pada kunyit dan epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCC) pada daun teh hijau memiliki keunggulan sebagai terapi pencegahan diabetik retinopati. Curcumin adalah komponen utama kunyit, senyawa polifenol golongan flavonoid ini memiliki beragam khasiat sebagai antiinflamasi, antioxidant, antiangiogenik, dan antiproliferatif. EGCG merupakan komponen paling aktif yang ditemukan pada teh hijau dan memiliki efek antioxidant paling kuat. Senyawa aktif yang ada pada kedua tumbuhan tersebut memilki efek yang spesifik dalam mencegah terjadinya diabetik retinopati. Beberapa mekanisme berlangsung dalam tingkat sel sehingga efek yang diperoleh lebih efisien. Senyawa aktif curcumin dan EGCG merupakan senyawa alami yang berasal dari tanaman sehingga tidak akan menimbulkan efek samping pada dosis normal. Penggunaan metode mikroenkapsulasi dalam mengemas ekstak kunyit dan daun teh hijau akan membantu efektivitas kerja masing –masing zat aktif yang terkandung di dalam kedua tumbuhan tersebut. Zat aktif tersebut nantinya akan dikemas dalam bentuk butiran kecil yang penggunaannya dapat dikonsumsi langsung oleh penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 sebagai terapi pencegahan diabetik retinopati. Kata Kunci: Curcumin, DM Tipe 2, EGCC, Mikroenkapsulasi, Retinopati Diabetik ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2) which is a major cause of blindness in adults. Patients with Type 2 diabetes are 25 times more likely to replace blindness than non-diabetics. The lack of patient knowledge about the symptom, inadequate health services, and economic problems are factors that cause difficulties in handling diabetic retinopathy. The combination of curcumin in turmeric and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCC) on green tea leaves has an advantage as a preventative therapy for diabetic retinopathy. Curcumin is the main component of turmeric, the polyphenol compound of the flavonoid group has a variety of properties as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative. EGCG is the most active component found in green tea leaves and has the strongest antioxidant effect. The active compounds in both plants have specific effects on the use of diabetic retinopathy. Some of the ongoing results at the cellular level produced are obtained more efficiently. The active compound curcumin and EGCG are natural compositions needed from plants so that they will not cause side effects at normal doses. The use of microencapsulation method in packaging turmeric extract and green leaves will help each of them - support the active substances contained in both plants. This active substance will be packaged in small granules that can be used directly by people with type 2 diabetes mellitus as a preventative therapy for diabetic retinopathy. Keywords: Curcumin, Diabetic Retinopathy, DM Type 2, EGCC, Microencapsulation.
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Mursi, Zacky Aulia, Hendriati Hendriati, and Laila Isrona. "Hubungan Kolesterol LDL dengan Derajat Retinopati Diabetik di Bagian Mata RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari-Desember 2015." Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2018): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7.i4.p498-503.2018.

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Retinopati diabetik adalah salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular Diabetes Melitus (DM) yang merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan pada orang dewasa. Kehilangan perisit adalah awal dari retinopati diabetik yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh modifikasi LDL. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini adalah studi analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional melalui pengumpulan data sekunder di bagian Instalasi Rekam Medis RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari sampai Desember 2015. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 54 orang. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Berdasarkan penelitian ini ditemukan rerata umur pasien retinopati diabetik adalah 57,02 (7,41) tahun. Jumlah pasien laki-laki dan perempuan sama banyak. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mild NPDR) = 57,1% dan moderate NPDR = 42,9%. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL tidak terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild NPDR (32,5%), moderate NPDR (27,5%), severe NPDR (12,5%) dan ditemukan proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) dengan derajat early = 5,0% dan high risk = 22,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p < 0,015. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik.
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Mursi, Zacky Aulia, Hendriati Hendriati, and Laila Isrona. "Hubungan Kolesterol LDL dengan Derajat Retinopati Diabetik di Bagian Mata RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari-Desember 2015." Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 7, no. 4 (December 25, 2018): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i4.908.

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Retinopati diabetik adalah salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular Diabetes Melitus (DM) yang merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan pada orang dewasa. Kehilangan perisit adalah awal dari retinopati diabetik yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh modifikasi LDL. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini adalah studi analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional melalui pengumpulan data sekunder di bagian Instalasi Rekam Medis RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari sampai Desember 2015. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 54 orang. Data yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Berdasarkan penelitian ini ditemukan rerata umur pasien retinopati diabetik adalah 57,02 (7,41) tahun. Jumlah pasien laki-laki dan perempuan sama banyak. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mild NPDR) = 57,1% dan moderate NPDR = 42,9%. Pada pasien dengan kolesterol LDL tidak terkontrol ditemukan retinopati diabetik yaitu mild NPDR (32,5%), moderate NPDR (27,5%), severe NPDR (12,5%) dan ditemukan proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) dengan derajat early = 5,0% dan high risk = 22,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan nilai signifikansi p < 0,015. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kolesterol LDL terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik.
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Valizadeh, Amin, Saeid Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Ramin Ranjbarzadeh, and Yaghoub Pourasad. "Presentation of a Segmentation Method for a Diabetic Retinopathy Patient’s Fundus Region Detection Using a Convolutional Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7714351.

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Diabetic retinopathy is characteristic of a local distribution that involves early-stage risk factors and can forecast the evolution of the illness or morphological lesions related to the abnormality of retinal blood flows. Regional variations in retinal blood flow and modulation of retinal capillary width in the macular area and the retinal environment are also linked to the course of diabetic retinopathy. Despite the fact that diabetic retinopathy is frequent nowadays, it is hard to avoid. An ophthalmologist generally determines the seriousness of the retinopathy of the eye by directly examining color photos and evaluating them by visually inspecting the fundus. It is an expensive process because of the vast number of diabetic patients around the globe. We used the IDRiD data set that contains both typical diabetic retinopathic lesions and normal retinal structures. We provided a CNN architecture for the detection of the target region of 80 patients’ fundus imagery. Results demonstrate that the approach described here can nearly detect 83.84% of target locations. This result can potentially be utilized to monitor and regulate patients.
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Franco, Elisa Marques, Leonardo Neves Silva, Leonardo Dias Flor Rocha, Marina Andrade Aguiar Batista, Yasmin Gomes Sathler, Lovily Duarte Toledo Paiva, Cláudia Marques Andrade Franco, and Brenda Castanha Durante. "Revisão bibliográfica: retinopatia diabética / Literature review: diabetic retinopathy." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 35257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n5-168.

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Billah, Md Mostarshid, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Md Anisur Rahman, Palash Mitra, Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury, Md Emtiaz Hossan, Md Golzar Hossain, SM Ashrafuzzaman, Khwaja Nazim Uddin, and Md Abul Mansur. "Pattern and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Medicine 17, no. 1 (October 23, 2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v17i1.30053.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest cause of blindness in the working age group of both developed and developing countries. It is the indicator of all micro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to find out the frequency and pattern of diabetic retinopathy among hospitalized adult type 2 diabetic patients.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka over a period of six months. Retinopathy was determined by fundoscopic examination in dilated pupil. Data were collected in preformed questionnaire including demographic characteristics, fundoscopic findings, and laboratory investigation reports with prior informed consent of the patients.Results: Total patients were 94, male were 52 and female were 42. Mean age of the patients was 52.2 ± 11.12 years. Hypertension was the most common (42.8%) co-morbid condition followed by dyslipidemia (33%), nephropathy (34%), neuropathy (21.3%), ischemic heart disease (9.6%) and stroke (5.3%). Study showed 37.23% Patient had good glycemic control (HbA1C <7%) and 62.77% had poor glycemic control. The frequency of retinopathy of any form was present in 36.2% patients. Among them, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 78.79%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 6.06%, maculopathy 6.06%, both maculopathy and PDR in 9.09% diabetic patients. Among NPDR, 46.15 % was mild, 26.92% was moderate and 26.92% was severe NPDR. This study also revealed retinopathy was more with increase in duration of diabetes (66.6% vs. 17.3% p=0.01), in poorly controlled diabetic than good control (52.54% vs. 8.5%, p=0.01), those with hypertension (55% vs. 22%, p=0.02), and those having diabetic nephropathy (78.12% vs. 14.51%, p=0.01).Conclusion: This study showed frequency of diabetic retinopathy was 36.2% and among retinopathy NPDR was predominate. Poor glycemic control, increase duration of diabetes, presence of other microvascular complication i.e. nephropathy found to be significant risk factors for developing retinopathy.J MEDICINE January 2016; 17 (1) : 17-20
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Subarkah, Pungkas. "Penerapan Algoritme Klasifikasi Classification And Regression Trees (Cart) Untuk Diagnosis Penyakit Diabetes Retinopathy." MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v19i2.676.

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Penyakit diabetic retinopathy atau DR adalah salah satu komplikasi penyakit diabetes yang bisa menyebabkan kematian bagi penderitanya. Komplikasi tersebut berupa kerusakan pada bagian retina mata. Tingginya kadar glukosa dalam darah adalah penyebab pembuluh darah kapiler kecil menjadi pecah dan dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Retinopati diabetes diawali dengan melemah atau hancurnya kapiler kecil di retina, darah bocor yang kemudian menyebabkan penebalan jaringan, pembengkakan, dan pendarahan yang luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diagnosis penyakit diabetes retinopathy. Algoritme Classification And Regression Trees (CART) merupakan salah satu algoritme klasifikasi dengan menggunakan dataset diambil dari UCI Repository Learning diperoleh dari Universitas Debrecen, Hongaria, yang terdiri dari data pasien terindikasi penyakit diabetes retinopathy dan normal penyakit diabetes retinopathy. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu identifikasi masalah, pengumpulan data, tahap pre-processing, metode klasifikasi, validasi dan evaluasi serta penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun metode validasi dan evaluasi yang digunakan yaitu 10-cross validation dan confusion matrix.Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, maka didapatkan hasil akurasi pada algoritme CART sebesar 63.4231%, dengan nilai precision 0.64%, nilai Recall 0.634%, dan nilai F-Measure 0,634%.
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Neidner, Kenneth H. "Retinopathy." Clinics in Dermatology 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(88)90008-9.

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Altomare, Filiberto, Amin Kherani, and Julie Lovshin. "Retinopathy." Canadian Journal of Diabetes 42 (April 2018): S210—S216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.027.

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Boyd, Shelley R., Andrew Advani, Filiberto Altomare, and Frank Stockl. "Retinopathy." Canadian Journal of Diabetes 37 (April 2013): S137—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.038.

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Torpy, Janet M. "Retinopathy." JAMA 293, no. 1 (January 5, 2005): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.1.128.

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Torpy, Janet M., Tiffany J. Glass, and Richard M. Glass. "Retinopathy." JAMA 298, no. 8 (August 22, 2007): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.8.944.

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T.J, Catherin, Blessy Rachel Thomas, Annamol Joseph, Apollo James, Haja Sherief S, and T. Sivakumar. "Retinopathy with renal failure." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.3.9.

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Ghoraba, Hashem, Christopher Or, Irmak Karaca, Kapil Mishra, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Sungwho Park, Ngoc Than, Loh-Shan Leung, Steven Sanislo, and Quan Dong Nguyen. "Immunotherapy-induced retinopathy mimicking cancer associated retinopathy." American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports 26 (June 2022): 101449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101449.

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Bron, A. J., and H. Cheng. "Cataract and retinopathy: Screening for treatable retinopathy." Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism 15, no. 4 (November 1986): 971–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-595x(86)80082-2.

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AULIA, SUCI, SUGONDO HADIYOSO, and DADAN NUR RAMADAN. "Analisis Perbandingan KNN dengan SVM untuk Klasifikasi Penyakit Diabetes Retinopati berdasarkan Citra Eksudat dan Mikroaneurisma." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v3i1.75.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai pengklasifikasian tingkat keparahan penyakit Diabetes Retinopati berbasis image processing masih hangat dibicarakan, citra yang biasa digunakan untuk mendeteksi jenis penyakit ini adalah citra optik disk, mikroaneurisma, eksudat, dan hemorrhages yang berasal dari citra fundus. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan perbandingan algoritma SVM dengan KNN untuk klasifikasi penyakit diabetes retinopati (mild, moderate, severe) berdasarkan citra eksudat dan microaneurisma. Untuk proses ekstraksi ciri digunakan metode wavelet pada masing-masing kedua metode tersebut. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 160 data uji, masing-masing 40 citra untuk kelas normal, kelas mild, kelas moderate, kelas saviere. Tingkat akurasi yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode KNN lebih tinggi dibandingkan SVM, yaitu 65 % dan 62%. Klasifikasi dengan algoritma KNN diperoleh hasil terbaik dengan parameter K=9 cityblock. Sedangkan klasifikasi dengan metode SVM diperoleh hasil terbaik dengan parameter One Agains All.Kata kunci: Diabetic Retinopathy, KNN , SVM, Wavelet. ABSTRACT Research based on severity classification of the disease diabetic retinopathy by using image processing method is still hotly debated, the image is used to detect the type of this disease is an optical image of the disk, microaneurysm, exudates, and bleeding of the image of the fundus. This study was performed to compare SVM method with KNN method for classification of diabetic retinopathy disease (mild, moderate, severe) based on exudate and microaneurysm image. For feature extraction uses wavelet method, and each of the two methods. This study made use of 160 test data, each of 40 images for normal class, mild class, moderate class, severe class. The accuracy obtained by KNN higher than SVM, with 65% and 62%. KNN classification method achieved the best results with the parameters K = 9, cityblock. While the classification with SVM method obtained the best results with parameters One agains all .Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, KNN, SVM, Wavelet.
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Mavija, Milka, and Vesna Jakšić. "Purtscher's retinopathy." Scripta Medica 43, no. 2 (2012): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed1202119m.

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Kumar Verma, Anil. "Purtscher’s Retinopathy." Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7869/djo.92.

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American Diabetes Association. "Diabetic Retinopathy." Clinical Diabetes 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.19.1.29.

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Walker, Rosemary, and Jill Rodgers. "Diabetic retinopathy." Nursing Standard 16, no. 45 (July 24, 2002): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2002.07.16.45.46.c3238.

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Colucciello, Michael. "Diabetic retinopathy." Postgraduate Medicine 116, no. 1 (July 2004): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2004.07.1558.

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Ismail, GalalMohamed. "Diabetic Retinopathy." Sudanese Journal of Ophthalmology 9, no. 2 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sjopthal.sjopthal_41_15.

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Levin, AlexV, Hang Pham, MichelleD Lingao, Anuradha Ganesh, JeninaE Capasso, Rosanne Keep, and KarthikeyanA Sadagopan. "Organophosphate retinopathy." Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 9, no. 1 (2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-620x.176101.

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Smith, Sarah C. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." Nursing Clinics of North America 27, no. 3 (September 1992): 745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02802-x.

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Jamali, Khamiso Khan, Shahnawaz Channa, and Muhammad Azam. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 06 (June 9, 2018): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4572.

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Chaudhary, Nasir Ahmad, Samreen Hameed, Muhammad Sultan Ul Moazzam, Sarmad Zahoor, Sidrah Latif, and Mr Yasir Bashir. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 08 (August 9, 2018): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4886.

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Antonetti, David A., Alistair J. Barber, Sarah K. Bronson, Willard M. Freeman, Thomas W. Gardner, Leonard S. Jefferson, Mark Kester, et al. "Diabetic Retinopathy." Diabetes 55, no. 9 (August 25, 2006): 2401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db05-1635.

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Memon, Waseem Raja, Bharat Lal, and Abdul Aziz Sahto. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 02 (February 14, 2017): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.02.510.

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Objectives: The purpose behind this study was to frequency of diabeticretinopathy at level of hba1c greater than 6.5%. Material and Methods: 130 patients with type-IIdiabetes mellitus with duration of more than >5years with HbA1c level of >6.5% were selected.After taking detailed history regarding diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy, Fundoscopicexamination of eye was done. All the information was noted in proforma and analyzed usingSPSS version 16.0. Results: Frequency of diabetic retinopathy was observed in 23.85%(31/130) and in those cases average HBA1C was 8.08±0.91 (%). Regarding severity, 74.2%were non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 25.8(8/31) was proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion: Our study showed a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy more commonly inthose patients who had HbA1C more than 8%.
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Rashad Qamar, Rao Muhammad, Sadiq Hussain Hussain, and Rao Muhammad Aslam Tariq. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 05 (May 10, 2016): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.05.1585.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence andcharacteristics of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients attending the free eye camps for cataractsurgery held in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: It was a cross sectional study. Setting:Free eye camps organized in different regions of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Period: July2004 to June 2015. Material and methods: These community-based eye camps were held bythe Department of Ophthalmology in collaboration of department of Pathology, B.V. Hospital,Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Participants were interviewed and examined by the ophthalmologists todetermine their demographic characteristics, presence & duration of medical conditions andthe regularity of their visits to eye care providers. All patients screened to have diabetes mellitus(DM) by pathologists underwent an eye examination through dilated pupils by using direct/indirect ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp bio-microscope to check for any signs of DR. Mainoutcome measure was the presence of diabetic retinopathy and its complications, which wasclassified as mild, moderate, severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) basedon the clinical examination. Results: Of the 7989 screened patients, 759 (9.5%) had type-II DM.Of them, 638 patients (84%) underwent eye examination. Mean age of the diabetics was 45.75 ±8.17 years. Diabetic retinopathy was prevalent in 93 (15%) patients followed by non-proliferativeretinopathy was found in 87 (93.5%) patients and proliferative retinopathy was found only in 6(6.5%) patients. More male 52 (20.39%) were effected of DR as compare to female 41 (10.7%).Highly significant association of DR with duration of DM was seen. (P: 0.001). Conclusion: Itis concluded in this study that DR is commonly prevalent in Southern Punjab and the mostcommon type of DR is non-proliferative retinopathy. DR frequently prevalent in male diabeticsas compare to female diabetics and significant association of duration of DM with DR wasfound.
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SHAIKH, NAUMAN AYUB, and FAROOQ AHMAD. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." Professional Medical Journal 17, no. 02 (June 10, 2010): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.02.2374.

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Introduction: 15 percent of the snakes are poisonous and present a potential life threatening risk to human lives. Objectives: (1) To review the demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of 48 patients of snake bite treated in a field hospital. (2) To evaluate the treatment and outcome of these patients. Design: A retrospective study. Setting: Field hospital in rural Sindh. Period: From January 2002 to December 2003. Material & Methods: All patients diagnosed with snake bite had first aid treatment by a either a nursing staff close to the place of bite or by a quack and later on transferred to field hospital. The first aid treatment consisted of pain relief (injectable diclofenac, oral acetaminophen), application of bandage or tourniquet proximal to the bite, antihistamine (oral or injectable chlorpheniramine) anti- inflammatory (injection hydrocortisone) and immobilization of the affected limb with a splint. Results: We are treated 48 patients with snake bite. There were 45(94%) male patients and 3(6%) female patients. Age range was 18 to 56 years with a mean age of 29.8 years. 35(73%) patients suffered from snake bite between the months of May and September. The timing of the bite was also peculiar with 36(75%) patients bitten between 8pm and 8am whereas only 12(25%) patients during other times of the day. 38(79%) patients gave history of seeing the snake themselves and 10(21%) patients were not able to see the snake mainly because of darkness. Conclusion It should be remembered that not all snakes are poisonous and that they are more afraid of humans than we are of them. Psychological effects of the bite are at times more devastating than the clinical effects, therefore patient reassurance forms part of the treatment.
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Chaudhary, Nasir Ahmad, Samreen Hameed, Muhammad Sultan Ul Moazzam, Sarmad Zahoor, Sidrah Latif, and Yasir Bashir. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY;." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 08 (August 4, 2018): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.08.64.

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Background: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications ofdiabetes affecting more than 1/4th of the diabetics and is also the leading cause of blindness inmany parts of the globe. Regular fundoscopic examination for screening is a routine practicein tertiary care hospitals but is not available in the primary care centers. This necessitatesthe development of a reliable screening tool which will allow for early referral of those withcomplications to the specialist centers. Objective: To determine the predictive value of HbA1clevels for the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting:Diabetic Clinic of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 04 months, January to April 2017. Method:75 diabetic patients who presented in Diabetic clinic were investigated for HbA1c levels andfundoscopic evaluation was done to detect retinal changes. Results: Out of 75 patients, 35(46.7%) were female, 40 (53.3%) were male. Median age of the patients was 51 years. All patientshad HbA1c levels more than 6.0% and 62% patients had detectable changes on fundi while therest had no detectable retinal disease despite elevated HbA1c levels. Positive predictive value(PPV) of elevated HbA1c levels for the presence of diabetic retinal changes was calculated tobe 62.66%. Conclusion: All the patients who had retinal disease on fundoscopy had HbA1clevels of more than 6.0% (PPV = 62.66) which means that elevated HbA1c levels warrant afundoscopic retinal examination to rule out diabetic retinopathy.
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Jamali, Khamiso Khan, Shahnawaz Channa, and Muhammad Azam. "DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 06 (June 10, 2018): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.06.286.

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Objectives: To determine central macular thickness (CMT) in Diabeticretinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetic subjects. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study.Place & Duration: Department of Ophthalmology, Al- Ibrahim Eye Hospital & Al-Tibri MedicalCollege, Karachi from June 2014 to May 2015. Subjects & Methods: A sample of 200 diabeticswas examined. Ophthalmological examination was performed and included the best correctedvisual acuity (BCVA), anterior and posterior segment examination was performed. A +90dioptre lens was used for the anterior and posterior segment examination. Optical coherencetomography (OCT) was used with Zeiss Cirrus HD– OCT 500. Central macular thickness (CMT)was defined as an average 1 millimeter CMT. Three reading of CMT were taken and average ofthree was calculated. Data was analyzed on SPSS 23.0 ver at 95% confidence interval (P value<0.05). Results: Mean age was found 50.53± 13.75 years. Of 200 study subjects 150 (75%)were male and 50 (25%) were female (M: F ratio 3:1). Hemoglobin A1c was noted as 9.78±3.31.Central macular thickness (CMT) in HbA1c <7.0% and >7.0% was noted as 521.73±33.50 and348.47± 34.33 μm respectively (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Diabetics with retinopathy must befollowed up frequently to examine for central macular thickness to prevent visual loss. Opticalcoherence tomography is best available technique to detect the central macular thickness.
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Walker, Rosemary, and Jill Rodgers. "Diabetic retinopathy." Nursing Standard 16, no. 45 (July 24, 2002): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.45.46.s23.

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Lee, Won Ki. "Diabetic Retinopathy." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 48, no. 7 (2005): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2005.48.7.616.

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ONUMA, IKUKO. "Diabetic retinopathy." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 89, no. 4 (2000): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.89.774.

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Frank, Robert N. "Diabetic Retinopathy." New England Journal of Medicine 350, no. 1 (January 2004): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra021678.

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Wong, Tien Y., and Paul Mitchell. "Hypertensive Retinopathy." New England Journal of Medicine 351, no. 22 (November 25, 2004): 2310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra032865.

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Antonetti, David A., Ronald Klein, and Thomas W. Gardner. "Diabetic Retinopathy." New England Journal of Medicine 366, no. 13 (March 29, 2012): 1227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1005073.

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Packer, Andrew J. "Diabetic retinopathy." Postgraduate Medicine 81, no. 6 (May 1987): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1987.11699826.

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