Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retinopathy

Academic literature on the topic 'Retinopathy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Retinopathy"

Tóth, Gábor, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, and János Németh. "A cukorbetegség szemészeti szövődményeinek modellalapú költségterhe Magyarországon." Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 8 (February 21, 2021): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32031.

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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A diabeteses retinopathia minden harmadik cukorbeteget érinti a világban, és a dolgozó korú lakosság körében a vakság vezető oka. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja a diabeteses retinopathia prevalenciaalapú költségterhének meghatározása 2018-ban a 18 évnél idősebb korú lakosság körében Magyarországon. Módszer: Standardizált ’rapid assessment of avoidable blindness’ (RAAB) + diabeteses retinopathia modul alapú metodikán alapuló modellel analizáltuk a diabeteses retinopathia költségterhét. A diabeteses retinopathia okozta gazdasági terhet a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő és a páciensek oldaláról felmerülő költségeket analizálva vizsgáltuk. A prevalenciaalapú diabeteses retinopathia költségmodellt a skót diabeteses retinopathia klasszifikációnak és a diabeteses retinopathia súlyossági stádiumának megfelelően állítottuk össze. Eredmények: A diabeteses retinopathia költségterhe 43,66 milliárd Ft volt 2018-ban. A két fő költségviselő az anti-VEGF-injekciók (28,91 milliárd Ft) és a vitrectomiák (8,09 milliárd Ft) voltak. Ez a két kezelési mód volt felelős a diabeteses retinopathiával kapcsolatban felmerülő összes költség 84,7%-áért. Az egy páciensre jutó átlagos költségteher 54 691 Ft volt hazánkban. Következtetés: A cukorbetegek szemészeti járó- és fekvőbeteg-ellátása alulfinanszírozott hazánkban. A proliferatív diabeteses retinopathia és a diabeteses maculaoedema növekvő társadalmi-gazdasági terhe miatt érdemes volna javítani a megelőzés, a szűrés és a korai kezelés jelenlegi helyzetén. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305. Summary. Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy affects every third people with diabetes mellitus in the world and is the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the economic burden associated with diabetic retinopathy in people aged 18 years and older in Hungary. Method: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) with the diabetic retinopathy module (DRM) based diabetic retinopathy cost model study was conducted in Hungary in 2018. Economic burden of diabetic retinopathy was analysed from the perspective of the National Health Insurance Fund system and the patients. Our prevalence-based diabetic retinopathy cost model was performed according to the Scottish diabetic retinopathy grading scale and based on the diabetic retinopathy severity stadium. Results: The total diabetic retinopathy-associated economic burden was 43.66 billion HUF in 2018. The two major cost drivers were anti-VEGF injections (28.91 billion HUF) and vitrectomies (8.09 billion HUF) in Hungary; they covered to 84.7% of the total cost among people with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic retinopathy-related cost per patient was 54 691 HUF in Hungary. Conclusion: Outpatient and inpatient eye care of people with diabetes mellitus are underfinanced in Hungary. Due to the increasing socio-economic burden of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema, it would be important to invest in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema prevention, screening and early treatment. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305.

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Sirait, Erwin, Muhammad Zarlis, and Syahril Efendi. "Extraction Zoning Feature to Diabetic Retinopathic Detection Models." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.18757.

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The health sector is one area that has been applying various computer technologies. To diagnose a patient's illness was already done with computers. One is to diagnose diabetic Retinopathic disease that can happen to anyone. Diabetic Retinopathy, which is one of the complications caused by diabetes. Symptoms shown from this disease is mikroneurisma, hemorrhages, excudets and neovascularos. The detection of the disease is done by looking at the information on the retinal image and can then be classified according to severity. This research aims to develop a method that can be used utuk classify Diabetic Retinopathy. The process of classification is based fiture-fiture the retinal image obtained by the extraction process using extraction methods Zoning. The process is then performed to classify the Bayes Method and the results obtained Diabetic Retinopahty classification. The results of this study yield maximum accuracy 65%.

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De Castro, Milena Borges, Vitoria Aguiar De Faria, Edilberto Vanconcelos Pereira Júnior, Izabela Aguiar De Faria, Iago Assunção Pereira, Cristiano De Anchieta Lisboa, and Virgílio Ribeiro Guedes. "Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética: uma revisão." Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2017v4n3p66.

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Introdução: A retinopatia diabética é uma severa complicação recorrente do diabetes 1 e 2, afastá-la exige um acompanhamento médico enérgico e uma atenção principalmente para o controle de seus fatores de risco. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética a partir de publicações recentes em base de dados diversas. Metodologia: Pesquisa retrospectiva, não-sistemática das bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e Pubmed empregando os termos “retinopatia diabética”, “diabetes mellitus”, “fatores de risco”, “nefropatia diabética”, “glaucoma”, “catarata”, “miopia”, “controle glicêmico”, “hipertensão”, “dislipidemia”, “obesidade”, “gestação” e seus equivalentes em língua inglesa. Resultados: Os principais fatores de risco elegidos foram divididos em seções didáticas e explanados para melhor elucidação do tema. Conclusão: Fatores de risco para retinopatia diabética há algumas décadas são discutidos e avaliados em diversas pesquisas por diferentes regiões e mostram resultados confluentes em todo mundo. Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus, Retinopatia diabética, Fatores de risco. ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a severe recurrent complication of diabetes 1 and 2, moving it away requires vigorous medical monitoring and attention primarily to control of its risk factors. Objective: To identify risk factors for diabetic retinopathy from recent publications in a variety of databases. Methods: Non-systematic search of Lilacs, SciELO and Pubmed databases using the terms "diabetic retinopathy", "diabetes mellitus", "risk factors", "diabetic nephropathy", "glaucoma", "cataract", "myopia", "Glycemic control", "hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "obesity", "gestation" And their equivalents in English. Results: The main risk factors chosen were divided into didactic sections and explanations to better elucidate the theme. Conclusion: Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy for some decades are discussed and evaluated in several researches by different regions and show confluent results worldwide. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Risk factors.

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Syuhada, Rahmat, Toni Prasetya, Ade Utia Detty, and Merryshol Okhi. "Visualoutcome Pada Pasien Retinopati Diabetik Pasca Operasi Pars Plana Vitrektomi Di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020/2021." MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal 1, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v1i4.3958.

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ABSTRACT: VISUAL RESULTS OF DIABETES RETINOPATHY PATIENTS POST PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY OPERATION AT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN HOSPITAL Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a neovascular complication that is very specific for type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Based on data according to Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2018, diabetes mellitus in 2013 reached 1.5% of patients with diabetes, and is increasing. to 2.0% in 2018. Treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with complications of diabetic retinopathy by performing pars plana vitrectomy surgery which is anoperative management that can improve eye visual or restore visual fuction. Research Objectives: To determine the visual outcome in diabetic retinopathy patients after pars plana vitrectomy surgery at Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital, Lampung Province in 2020.Research Methods: This type of research was cross -sectional. Sampling was done by total sampling. Bivariate data analysis using Paired T-Test.Results: Statistical analysis using Paired T-Test showed the p-value for visualoutcome analysis in diabetic retinopathy patients before and after pars plana vitrectomy surgery was 0.000 (p-value <0.05).Conclusions: There are significant changes in diabetic retinopathy patients visualoutcome before pars plana vitrectomy surgery and after pars plana vitrectomy surgery at Pertamina Hospital Amin Star Lampung Province 2020. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, pars plana vitrectomy operation, Visualoutcome INTISARI: VISUALOUTCOME PADA PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK PASCA OPERASI PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY DI RUMAH SAKIT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN Latar Belakang: Retinopati diabetik adalah komplikasi neovaskular yang sangat spesifik untuk diabetes tipe 1 dan diabetes tipe 2. Berdasarkan data menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) pada tahun 2018, penyakit diabetes melitus di tahun 2013 mencapai 1,5% pasien pengidap diabetes, dan meningkat menjadi 2,0% pada tahun 2018. Penanganan pada pasien diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi retinopati diabetik diantaranya adalah dengan dilakukannya operasi pars plana vitrektomi yang merupakan penatalaksanaan operatif yang dapat memperbaiki visus mata atau memulihkan fungsi penglihatan . Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui visualoutcome pada pasien retinopati diabetik pasca operasi pars plana vitrektomi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini adalah potong silang (Cross-sectioal). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Analisis data bivariat dengan Paired T-Test.Hasil Penelitian: Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Paired T-Test menunjukkan p-value untuk analisa visualoutcome pada pasien retinopati diabetic sebelum dan sesudah operasi operasi pars plana vitrektomi sebesar 0,000 (p-value < 0,05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan yang signifikan pada visualoutcome pasien retinopati diabetik sebelum operasi pars plana vitrektomi dan sesudah operasi pars plana vitrektomi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2020. Kata Kunci: Retinopati Diabetik, Operasi Pars Plana Vitrektomi, Visualoutcome

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Tanto, Stefany, Gilbert Sterling Octavius, and Alvita Suci Edgina. "Effects of Adjuvant Administration of Macromolecules and Total Calories through Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition in Improvement of Neovascularisation of Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Literature Review." SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v3i2.4471.

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Introduction: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is almost exclusively in premature infants. With advanced care and technology, the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in babies is increasing, which means the incidence of preventable blindness in ROP is increasing. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of protein, glucose, lipids, and total calories from Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition (APN) in improving neovascularisation of ROP in premature infants. Methods: We searched PubMed, Ophthalmology Advance, Scientific Reports, and Science Direct using the terms "Retinopathy of Prematurity", "Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition", "Prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Indonesia", "Protein", "Lipid", "Carbohydrate", "Glucose", "Total Calories", "Neovascularization", and "Prematurity" in various combinations. Results: We found three pieces of literature stating a positive association between APN and improvement of ROP, while one literature states that there is no significant change of prevalence of ROP by administering APN. Keywords: Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition, glucose, lipid, protein, Retinopathy of Prematurity Pendahuluan: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) adalah penyakit yang hampir secara eksklusif terjadi pada bayi prematur. Dengan perawatan dan teknologi yang canggih, prevalensi retinopati pada bayi prematur meningkat dan ini berarti kejadian kebutaan yang dapat dicegah pada ROP meningkat. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi efek protein, glukosa, lipid, dan kalori total dari Nutrisi Parenteral Agresif (APN) dalam meningkatkan neovaskularisasi ROP pada bayi prematur. Metode: Kami mencari PubMed, Ophthalmology Advance, Scientific Reports dan Science Direct menggunakan istilah “Retinopathy of Prematurity”, “Aggressive Parenteral Nutrition”, “Prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Indonesia”, “Protein”, “Lipid”, “Carbohydrate” , "Glukosa", "Kalori Total", "Neovaskularisasi", dan "Prematuritas" dalam berbagai kombinasi. Hasil: Ditemukan tiga literatur yang menyatakan terdapat hubungan positif antara APN dengan peningkatan ROP sedangkan satu literatur menyatakan tidak ada perubahan signifikan prevalensi ROP dengan pemberian APN. Kata Kunci: Nutrisi Parenteral Agresif, glukosa, lipid, protein, Retinopati Prematuritas

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Garzón Parra, Sandra Johanna, Adriana María Bonilla Hernández, Andrés Felipe Pulido Ladino, and Edouard Lafosse. "Respuestas tisulares y vasculares en retinopatía hipertensiva con anticuerpos monoclonales como terapia antiangiogénica." Ciencia & Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular 11, no. 2 (December 6, 2013): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/sv.2370.

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Objetivo: identificar el uso oftálmico de anticuerpos monoclonales en retinopatía hipertensiva y su efecto sobre la agudeza visual (AV), angiogénesis vascular y cambios en el fondo de ojo de pacientes hipertensos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión de literatura en las bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, Embasi, Lilacs, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Hinari, Micromedex y Science Direct, mediante los términos MESH Monoclonal antibody and hypertensive retinopathy, Bevacizumab hypertensive retinopathy, monoclonal antibody therapy hypertensive retinopathy y Pegaptanib and hypertensive retinopathy, limitado a los años 2000 a 2012. Se encontraron 2345 estudios relacionados con el tema, de los cuales fueron seleccionados los que estuvieran escritos en inglés, francés, portugués y español, así como los relacionados con eficacia en el tratamiento de retinopatía hipertensiva o cambios angiogénicos en retinopatía diabética. La calidad de la evidencia científica fue clasificada a través de la metodología de Oxford. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables de estudio relacionadas con las respuestas en tejidos. Resultados: los anticuerpos monoclonales intervienen en el control del VEGF disminuyendo el riesgo de hemorragias retinales y reduciendo el espesor retinal. Anticuerpos como el bevacizumab muestran un 95 % en eficacia para la mejoría en AV (ETDRS 3 Líneas D.E. 2,15), mientras que el ranibizumab y el pegaptanib tienen 86 % en mejoría de Av (p < 0,05). La triamcinolona muestra mejoría en fuga vascular y edema macular en retinopatía hipertensiva asociada a diabetes, sin diferencias significativas entre grupos (p = 0,03).

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Vora, Parshva, and Sudhir Shrestha. "Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy Using Embedded Computer Vision." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 7274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207274.

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Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the United States and other countries around the world. People who have diabetic retinopathy may not have symptoms until the condition becomes severe, which may eventually lead to vision loss. Thus, the medically underserved populations are at an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy-related blindness. In this paper, we present development efforts on an embedded vision algorithm that can classify healthy versus diabetic retinopathic images. Convolution neural network and a k-fold cross-validation process were used. We used 88,000 labeled high-resolution retina images obtained from the publicly available Kaggle/EyePacs database. The trained algorithm was able to detect diabetic retinopathy with up to 76% accuracy. Although the accuracy needs to be further improved, the presented results represent a significant step forward in the direction of detecting diabetic retinopathy using embedded computer vision. This technology has the potential of being able to detect diabetic retinopathy without having to see an eye specialist in remote and medically underserved locations, which can have significant implications in reducing diabetes-related vision losses.

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Petrovič, Mojca Globočnik, Ines Cilenšek, and Daniel Petrovič. "Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Polymorphism (V16A) is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Slovene (Caucasians) Type 2 Diabetes Patients." Disease Markers 24, no. 1 (2008): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/940703.

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Substantial data indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Two candidate genes that affect the oxidative stress are manganese mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene and the 4a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene in the development of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes.In this cross sectional case-control study 426 unrelated Slovene subjects (Caucasians) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled: 283 patients with diabetic retinopathy and the control group of 143 subjects with type 2 diabetes of duration of more than 10 years who had no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy.A significantly higher frequency of the VV genotype of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD was found in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without diabetic retinopathy (OR=2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.4;p= 0.006), whereas the 4a/b polymorphism of the eNOS gene failed to yield an association with diabetic retinopathy.We may conclude that the VV genotype of the V16A polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene was associated with diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes, therefore it might be used as a genetic marker of diabetic retinopathy in Caucasians.

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Yefrenes Dillak, Rocky, and Agus Harjoko. "Klasifikasi Fase Retinopati Diabetes Menggunakan Backpropagation Neural Network." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.3049.

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AbstrakRetinopati diabetes (DR) merupakan salah satu komplikasi pada retina yang disebabkan oleh penyakit diabetes. Tingkat keparahan DR dibagi atas empat kelas yakni: normal, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), dan macular edema (ME). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan klasifikasi terhadap fase DR. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 97 citra yang fitur – fiturnya diekstrak menggunakan gray level cooccurence matrix (GLCM). Fitur ciri tersebut adalah maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, dan entropy. Fitur – fitur ini dilatih menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan backpropagation untuk dilakukan klasifikasi. Kinerja yang dihasilkan dari pendekatan ini adalah sensitivity 100%, specificity 100% dan accuracy 97.73% Kata kunci— fase retinopati diabetes, GLCM, backpropagation neural network Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications on retina caused by diabetes. The aim of this studyis to develop a system that can be used for automatic mass screenings of diabetic retinopathy. Four classes are identified: normal retina, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and macular edema (ME). Ninenty-seven retinal fundus images in used in this study. Six different texture features such as maximum probability, correlation, contrast, energy, homogeneity, and entropy were extracted from the digital fundus images using gray level cooccurence matrix (GLCM). These features were fed into a backpropagation neural network classifier for automatic classification. The proposed approach is able to classify with sensitivity 100%, specificity 100% and accuracy 97.73% Keywords— diabetic retinopathy stages, GLCM, backpropagation neural network

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Yahya, Willy. "Retinopati Prematuritas : Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 47, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i10.1080.

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Retinopati prematuritas (ROP) adalah kelainan proliferatif progresif pembuluh darah retina bayi prematur yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) membagi ROP berdasarkan tingkat keparahan, perluasan, lokasi, adanya penyakit lain, dan adanya ROP posterior yang agresif. ROP dimulai dari penundaan vaskularisasi retina akibat keadaan hiperoksia relatif dan dilanjutkan dengan fase vasoproliferasi. Skrining adekuat dengan oftalmoskop indirek dan tatalaksana sesuai pedoman The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) menjadi modalitas penanganan ROP saat ini. Tatalaksana dengan modalitas lain masih diteliti.Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative, progressive vascularization in premature infants which can lead to blindness. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) classified the ROP based on severity, extent, zone, the existence of other diseases, and the existence of aggressive posterior ROP. ROP starts with the delay of retinal vascularization from relative hyperoxia state and develops to vasoproliferation phase. Adequate screening by indirect ophthalmoscope and The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) treatment guideline become the current modality for ROP therapy. Treatment with other modalities are still under investigation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retinopathy"

Sampedro, Vida Joel. "Desarrollo de un tratamiento tópico en colirio para la retinopatia diabética basado en el efecto neuroprotector de GLP-1." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670819.

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La retinopatia diabètica (RD) és la complicació més freqüent de la diabetis i representa la primera causa de ceguesa en població d’edat laboral en països desenvolupats. Es tracta d’una patologia progressiva que afecta a la unitat neurovascular de la retina i implica alteracions en la microcirculació, les cèl·lules glials i les neurones de la retina com a conseqüència de la pròpia hiperglucèmia i les vies patogèniques que desencadena. Prèviament, el nostre grup va demostrar que el pèptid similar al glucagó (GLP-1) està disminuït en les retines de donants diabètics i és capaç d’exercir efectes neuroprotectors en models experimentals de diabetis. L’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi és reunir una evidència preclínica sòlida que doni suport científic a assaigs clínics adreçats a tractar les etapes inicials de la RD mitjançant la administració tòpica ocular de fàrmacs agonistes del receptor de GLP-1 (GLP-1Ras) i fàrmacs inhibidors de l’enzim que metabolitza el GLP-1, la DPP-IV (DPP-IVi), en un model de diabetis experimental, el ratolí db/db.
La retinopatía diabética (RD) es la complicación más frecuente de la diabetes y representa la primera causa de ceguera en población en edad laboral en países desarrollados. Se trata de una patología progresiva que afecta a la unidad neurovascular de la retina e implica alteraciones en la microcirculación, la glía y las neuronas de la retina como consecuencia de la propia hiperglucemia y las vías patogénicas que desencadena. Previamente, nuestro grupo demostró que el péptido similar al glucagón (GLP-1) está disminuido en las retinas de donantes diabéticos y es capaz de ejercer efectos neuroprotectores en modelos experimentales de diabetes. El objetivo general de esta tesis es reunir una evidencia preclínica sólida que de soporte científico a ensayos clínicos dirigidos a tratar las etapas iniciales de la RD mediante la administración tópica ocular de fármacos agonistas del receptor del GLP-1 (GLP-1RAs) y fármacos inhibidores de la enzima que metaboliza el GLP-1, la DPP-IV (DPP-IVi), en un modelo de diabetes experimental, el ratón db/db.
Diabetic retinopathy (RD) is the most common complication of diabetes and it is the first cause of blindness in adults of developed countries. RD is a progressive pathology that affects the neurovascular unit of retina in which microvessels, glial cells and neurons are damaged as a consequence of hyperglycemia. In a previous study, our group showed that: 1) The content of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was decreased in diabetic retinas and, 2) GLP-1 exerted neuroprotective effects in DR experimental model. The overarching aim of this thesis is to achieve preclinical evidence which permit us the the design of clinical trials for treating early stages of DR with either agonists of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1RAs) or inhibitors of the enzyme DPP-IV (DPP-IVi), which increase the life span of GLP-1. For this purpose, we used the experimental animal model of type 2 diabetes, the db/db mouse (BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J).

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Mahon, Gerald J. "Studies on chloroquine retinopathy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388235.

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Loukovaara, Sirpa. "Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/loukovaara/.

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De, la Torre Gallart Jordi. "Diabetic Retinopathy Classification and Interpretation using Deep Learning Techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667077.

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La retinopatia diabètica és una malaltia crònica i una de les principals causes de ceguesa i discapacitat visual en els pacients diabètics. L'examen ocular a través d'imatges de la retina és utilitzat pels metges per detectar les lesions relacionades amb aquesta malaltia. En aquesta tesi, explorem diferents mètodes innovadors per a la classificació automàtica del grau de malaltia utilitzant imatges del fons d'ull. Per a aquest propòsit, explorem mètodes basats en l'extracció i classificació automàtica, basades en xarxes neuronals profundes. A més, dissenyem un nou mètode per a la interpretació dels resultats. El model està concebut de manera modular per a que pugui ser utilitzat en d'altres xarxes i dominis de classificació. Demostrem experimentalment que el nostre model d'interpretació és capaç de detectar lesions de retina a la imatge únicament a partir de la informació de classificació. A més, proposem un mètode per comprimir la representació interna de la informació de la xarxa. El mètode es basa en una anàlisi de components independents sobre la informació del vector d'atributs intern de la xarxa generat pel model per a cada imatge. Usant el nostre mètode d'interpretació esmentat anteriorment també és possible visualitzar aquests components en la imatge. Finalment, presentem una aplicació experimental del nostre millor model per classificar imatges de retina d'una població diferent, concretament de l'Hospital de Reus. Els mètodes proposats arriben al nivell de rendiment de l'oftalmòleg i són capaços d'identificar amb gran detall les lesions presents en les imatges, que es dedueixen només de la informació de classificació de la imatge.
La retinopatía diabética es una enfermedad crónica y una de las principales causas de ceguera y discapacidad visual en los pacientes diabéticos. El examen ocular a través de imágenes de la retina es utilizado por los médicos para detectar las lesiones relacionadas con esta enfermedad. En esta tesis, exploramos diferentes métodos novedosos para la clasificación automática del grado de enfermedad utilizando imágenes del fondo de la retina. Para este propósito, exploramos métodos basados en la extracción y clasificación automática, basadas en redes neuronales profundas. Además, diseñamos un nuevo método para la interpretación de los resultados. El modelo está concebido de manera modular para que pueda ser utilizado utilizando otras redes y dominios de clasificación. Demostramos experimentalmente que nuestro modelo de interpretación es capaz de detectar lesiones de retina en la imagen únicamente a partir de la información de clasificación. Además, proponemos un método para comprimir la representación interna de la información de la red. El método se basa en un análisis de componentes independientes sobre la información del vector de atributos interno de la red generado por el modelo para cada imagen. Usando nuestro método de interpretación mencionado anteriormente también es posible visualizar dichos componentes en la imagen. Finalmente, presentamos una aplicación experimental de nuestro mejor modelo para clasificar imágenes de retina de una población diferente, concretamente del Hospital de Reus. Los métodos propuestos alcanzan el nivel de rendimiento del oftalmólogo y son capaces de identificar con gran detalle las lesiones presentes en las imágenes, que se deducen solo de la información de clasificación de la imagen.
Diabetic Retinopathy is a chronic disease and one of the main causes of blindness and visual impairment for diabetic patients. Eye screening through retinal images is used by physicians to detect the lesions related with this disease. In this thesis, we explore different novel methods for the automatic diabetic retinopathy disease grade classification using retina fundus images. For this purpose, we explore methods based in automatic feature extraction and classification, based on deep neural networks. Furthermore, as results reported by these models are difficult to interpret, we design a new method for results interpretation. The model is designed in a modular manner in order to generalize its possible application to other networks and classification domains. We experimentally demonstrate that our interpretation model is able to detect retina lesions in the image solely from the classification information. Additionally, we propose a method for compressing model feature-space information. The method is based on a independent component analysis over the disentangled feature space information generated by the model for each image and serves also for identifying the mathematically independent elements causing the disease. Using our previously mentioned interpretation method is also possible to visualize such components on the image. Finally, we present an experimental application of our best model for classifying retina images of a different population, concretely from the Hospital de Reus. The methods proposed, achieve ophthalmologist performance level and are able to identify with great detail lesions present on images, inferred only from image classification information.

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Teng, Thomas Bart. "Vessel identification in diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2003. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/441/.

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Diabetic retinopathy is the single largest cause of sight loss and blindness in 18 to 65 year olds. Screening programs for the estimated one to six per- cent of the diabetic population have been demonstrated to be cost and sight saving, howeverthere are insufficient screening resources. Automatic screen-ing systems may help solve this resource short fall. This thesis reports on research into an aspect of automatic grading of diabetic retinopathy; namely the identification of the retinal blood vessels in fundus photographs. It de-velops two vessels segmentation strategies and assess their accuracies. A literature review of retinal vascular segmentation found few results, and indicated a need for further development. The two methods for vessel segmentation were investigated in this thesis are based on mathematical morphology and neural networks. Both methodologies are verified on independently labeled data from two institutions and results are presented that characterisethe trade off betweenthe ability to identify vesseland non-vessels data. These results are based on thirty five images with their retinal vessels labeled. Of these images over half had significant pathology and or image acquisition artifacts. The morphological segmentation used ten images from one dataset for development. The remaining images of this dataset and the entire set of 20 images from the seconddataset were then used to prospectively verify generaliastion. For the neural approach, the imageswere pooled and 26 randomly chosenimageswere usedin training whilst 9 were reserved for prospective validation. Assuming equal importance, or cost, for vessel and non-vessel classifications, the following results were obtained; using mathematical morphology 84% correct classification of vascular and non-vascular pixels was obtained in the first dataset. This increased to 89% correct for the second dataset. Using the pooled data the neural approach achieved 88% correct identification accuracy. The spread of accuracies observed varied. It was highest in the small initial dataset with 16 and 10 percent standard deviation in vascular and non-vascular cases respectively. The lowest variability was observed in the neural classification, with a standard deviation of 5% for both accuracies. The less tangible outcomes of the research raises the issueof the selection and subsequent distribution of the patterns for neural network training. Unfortunately this indication would require further labeling of precisely those cases that were felt to be the most difficult. I.e. the small vessels and border conditions between pathology and the retina. The more concrete, evidence based conclusions,characterise both the neural and the morphological methods over a range of operating points. Many of these operating points are comparable to the few results presented in the literature. The advantage of the author's approach lies in the neural method's consistent as well as accurate vascular classification.

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Hillman, Nicola Jane. "Hypertension and experimental diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241987.

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Penishkevich, Ya I. "Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18637.

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Mohamed, Shaheeda. "Efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone in diabetic macular edema." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38479114.

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Heintz, Emelie. "Health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Utvärdering och hälsoekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76283.

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To ensure that the resources of the health care sector are used effectively, new technologies need to be evaluated before implementation to examine if they generate health outcomes at an acceptable cost. This information can be collected by performing health economic evaluations in which the costs and health outcomes of different technologies are compared. To estimate the effect on health care budgets, there is also a need for information about the prevalence of the specific disease. Health outcomes in health economic evaluations are often measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which are calculated by multiplying the remaining life years after an intervention by a weight representing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during those years. This thesis aims to provide deeper knowledge of the health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye complication that affects patients with diabetes and may in the worst case lead to blindness. The focus is on three empirical and two methodological health economic research questions. The empirical research areas cover prevalence, costs, and HRQoL related to patients with DR. The methodological research questions explore the performance of different methods for estimation of QALY weights. This is of interest since it has been argued that the most common methods for estimating QALY weights may not capture all relevant vision-related aspects of quality of life. The analyses comprehend the validity of different methods for estimating QALY weights among patients with DR and if the results of one of the specific methods for estimating QALY weights, the time trade-off (TTO) exercise, are affected by patients’ subjective life expectancy (SLE). The empirical results demonstrate that DR is seen in approximately 40% and 30% of patients with type I and type II diabetes respectively, indicating that the prevalence of DR has decreased in both of these patient groups. Healthcare costs vary considerably between different severity levels of the disease, being estimated at €26, €257, €216, and €433 per patient per year for background retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and PDR combined with DMO respectively. Blindness due to DR is associated with an increased use of transportation services, caregiving services, and assistive technologies as well as productivity losses. This suggests that preventing the progression of DR may lower healthcare costs. Patients with vision impairment due to DR have lowered HRQoL in various dimensions, but the diagnosis of DR in itself has only a limited effect on HRQoL. The results on the methodological research questions show that different methods for estimating QALY weights seem to give different results. In comparison to EQ-5D, the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI-3) is the most sensitive method for detecting differences in QALY weights due to DR, and if decisions are to be made based on values from the general public, it can be recommended for use in cost-utility analyses of interventions directed at DR. Neither of the direct methods, TTO and the visual analogue scale, seems to be sensitive to differences in visual function, and more research is needed concerning the role of vision in people’s responses to the TTO exercises. In TTO exercises with time frames based on actuarial life expectancy, the patients’ SLE has an effect on their willingness to trade off years for full health. Thus, applying time frames deviating from patients’ SLE may result in biased QALY weights. Such bias may appear stronger within patient populations than within the general public. In conclusion, this thesis offers estimates for prevalence, costs, and QALY weights that can be used in economic evaluations of interventions directed at DR and as benchmarks for future DR research in order to follow up consequences of changes in diabetes care. In addition, it demonstrates that the choice of method for estimating QALY weights may have an impact on whether an intervention is considered cost-effective.

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Brooks, Roger Audley. "Fibroblast growth factor and diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46684.

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Books on the topic "Retinopathy"

M, Lee Carol, ed. Diabetic retinopathy: Practical management. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993.

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Stewart, Michael W. Diabetic Retinopathy. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3509-8.

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Duh, Elia J., ed. Diabetic Retinopathy. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3.

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Browning, David J., ed. Diabetic Retinopathy. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85900-2.

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Diabetic retinopathy. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2008.

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J, Duh Elia, ed. Diabetic retinopathy. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2008.

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J, Duh Elia, ed. Diabetic retinopathy. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2008.

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E, Lang Gabriele, ed. Diabetic retinopathy. Basel: Karger, 2007.

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National Institutes of Health (U.S.), ed. Diabetic retinopathy. [Bethesda, Md.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1985.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Diabetic retinopathy. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Retinopathy"

Jerskey, Beth A. "Retinopathy." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2163–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1398.

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Jerskey, Beth A. "Retinopathy." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1398-2.

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Jerskey, Beth A. "Retinopathy." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3005–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1398.

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Meyerle, Catherine B., Emily Y. Chew, and Frederick L. Ferris. "Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 3–27. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_1.

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Pfister, Frederick, Yuxi Feng, and Hans-Peter Hammes. "Pericyte Loss in the Diabetic Retina." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 245–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_10.

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Kowluru, Renu A., and Pooi-See Chan. "Capillary Dropout in Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 265–82. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_11.

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VanGuilder, Heather D., Thomas W. Gardner, and Alistair J. Barber. "Neuroglial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 283–301. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_12.

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Swenarchuk, Lauren E., Linda E. Whetter, and Anthony P. Adamis. "The Role of Inflammation in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 303–31. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_13.

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Antonetti, David A., Heather D. VanGuilder, and Cheng Mao-Lin. "Vascular Permeability in Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 333–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_14.

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Duh, Elia J. "Retinal Neovascularization and the Role of VEGF." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 353–73. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Retinopathy"

Palmowski, Anja M., Marcus A. Bearse, and Erich E. Sutter. "Multi-focal electroretinography in diabetic retinopathy." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.thc.2.

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Diabetes mellitus (Dm) is a major cause of visual loss5 which may be prevented by good blood sugar control as well as timely retinal laser-photocoagulation. The mechanism of action of photocoagulation is not entirely clear yet. However destroying ischemic retinal areas is thought to reduce the production of angiogenic factors and thereby reduce neovascularizations and their complications. One problem is that the optimal time to induce laser treatment is often well before the diabetic patient is symptomatically affected. Even slitlamp examination does not always show signs of early retinopathy. Avascular retinal areas that may only be seen in fluorescein-angiography signify a 'point of no return' in the course of diabetic retinopathy6.

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Bravo, María A., and Pablo A. Arbeláez. "Automatic diabetic retinopathy classification." In 13th International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis, edited by Jorge Brieva, Juan David García, Natasha Lepore, and Eduardo Romero. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2285939.

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Kaur, Simran, and Barjinder Singh Saini. "An Evaluation Based on Diabetic Retinopathy." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.24.

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Diabetic retinopathy is a globally rising disease and needs to be taken in concern. It is the problem with vision of diabetic patients due to a disease in the retina of diabetic patients.Diabetic patients have high glucose level in the blood.Our major concern is to predict the disease at early stages.The studies focusses on the modern techniques used in image processing digitally.It also puts a stress on patches classification used for the examination and prediction of diabetic retinopathy and judge the accuracy,senstivity of dataset.

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Benson, Jeremy, John Maynard, Gilberto Zamora, Hector Carrillo, Jeff Wigdahl, Sheila Nemeth, Simon Barriga, Trilce Estrada, and Peter Soliz. "Transfer learning for diabetic retinopathy." In Image Processing, edited by Elsa D. Angelini and Bennett A. Landman. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293378.

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Singh, Tiken Moirangthem, Parismita Bharali, and Chandrika Bhuyan. "Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy." In 2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccp.2019.8882914.

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Chetoui, Mohamed, and Moulay A. Akhloufi. "Explainable Diabetic Retinopathy using EfficientNET*." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175664.

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Rayavel, P., S. Mohit, S. T. Poonamabala Subramaniyam, V. Vijaya Raghavan, and T. Harish. "A Survey for Diabetic Retinopathy." In 2018 International Conference on Soft-computing and Network Security (ICSNS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsns.2018.8573667.

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Shi, Bojia, Xiaoya Zhang, Zhuoyang Wang, Jiawei Song, Jiaxuan Han, Zaiye Zhang, and Teoh Teik Toe. "GoogLeNet-based Diabetic-retinopathy-detection." In 2022 14th International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence (ICACI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaci55529.2022.9837677.

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Rajalakshmi, T., Nihila S., and U. Snekhalatha. "Automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy." In INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING, ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS – 2021 (IEET-2021): Proceedings of the VII International Forum. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100943.

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Prentasic, Pavle, Sven Loncaric, Zoran Vatavuk, Goran Bencic, Marko Subasic, Tomislav Petkovic, Lana Dujmovic, Maja Malenica-Ravlic, Nikolina Budimlija, and Raseljka Tadic. "Diabetic retinopathy image database(DRiDB): A new database for diabetic retinopathy screening programs research." In 2013 8th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispa.2013.6703830.

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Reports on the topic "Retinopathy"

Ward, Thomas, and Robert Bauer. Teleophtalmology for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405316.

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Veleva, Nevyana, Violeta Chernodrinska, Pavlin Kemilev, Galina Dimitrova, Ognyan Mladenov, and Aleksander Oscar. Vision Threatening Retinopathy of Prematurity. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.02.18.

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Ushizima, Daniela, and Jorge Cuadros. Image analysis of ocular fundus for retinopathy characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004692.

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Xu, Jiayu, Liyuan Wang, He Sun, and Hanli Wang. Effectivenes and safety of curcumin in diabetic retinopathy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0002.

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Li, Bin, Fei Wen, Hongru Chen, and Ri-Li Ge. A meta analysis of the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0112.

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Review question / Objective: P: diabetic retinopathy; I:—; C:—; O: prevalecne rate; S:cross-sectional study. Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy and to provide scientific basis for its prevention and control． Condition being studied: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the common microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, which ultimately seriously affects the vision of patients. It is the leading cause of blindness among young and middle-aged workers worldwide. It is one of the main causes of binocular blindness in elderly patients in western countries.Because of the high incidence, wide range, complex pathogenesis, serious consequences and poor treatment effect of DM and its DR,many countries have actively carried out epidemiological research on the population of DM patients in order to understand the incidence, distribution and related risk factors of DR, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of targeted public prevention and control measures.

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Li, Ting, Shudan Ge, Wei Zheng, Chao Luan, Xingtong Liu, Zongxiu Luo, Qi Zhao, and Lulu Xie. Effectiveness and safety of panretinal photocoagulation combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for patients with type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy：A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0048.

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Review question / Objective: Our study aims to synthesise results from randomised controlled trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for T2PDR. Condition being studied: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus, which will seriously affect the quality of life of patients and bring great burden to patients’ families and society. DR is one of the most important diseases of blindness in people aged 20 to 60 years worldwide. Nearly 15% of diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years were combined with DR.The prevalence of vision threatening diabetic retinopathy in the United States is 4.4 percent. Worldwide, the prevalence is estimated at 10.2%.At present, the treatment methods for type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (T2PDR), at home and abroad mainly include retinal laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.

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Shen, Lijun. Bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Bayesian Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0053.

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Zhou, Yanni, Hui Li, Lisi Luo, Yue Chen, Qiang Chen, and Wei Bian. Acupoint injection therapy for diabetic retinopathy: a protocol for a systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0026.

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Liu, Jin, Youbin Ye, and Yawen Lin. Meta-analysis of the correlation between serum uric acid level and type 2 diabetic retinopathy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.7.0111.

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Wang, Wei, and Yi Wu. Prediction models for diabetic retinopathy development in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0089.

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