Relevant bibliographies by topics / Retinopathly

Academic literature on the topic 'Retinopathly'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Retinopathly"

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Tóth, Gábor, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, and János Németh. "A cukorbetegség szemészeti szövődményeinek modellalapú költségterhe Magyarországon." Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 8 (February 21, 2021): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32031.

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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A diabeteses retinopathia minden harmadik cukorbeteget érinti a világban, és a dolgozó korú lakosság körében a vakság vezető oka. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja a diabeteses retinopathia prevalenciaalapú költségterhének meghatározása 2018-ban a 18 évnél idősebb korú lakosság körében Magyarországon. Módszer: Standardizált ’rapid assessment of avoidable blindness’ (RAAB) + diabeteses retinopathia modul alapú metodikán alapuló modellel analizáltuk a diabeteses retinopathia költségterhét. A diabeteses retinopathia okozta gazdasági terhet a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő és a páciensek oldaláról felmerülő költségeket analizálva vizsgáltuk. A prevalenciaalapú diabeteses retinopathia költségmodellt a skót diabeteses retinopathia klasszifikációnak és a diabeteses retinopathia súlyossági stádiumának megfelelően állítottuk össze. Eredmények: A diabeteses retinopathia költségterhe 43,66 milliárd Ft volt 2018-ban. A két fő költségviselő az anti-VEGF-injekciók (28,91 milliárd Ft) és a vitrectomiák (8,09 milliárd Ft) voltak. Ez a két kezelési mód volt felelős a diabeteses retinopathiával kapcsolatban felmerülő összes költség 84,7%-áért. Az egy páciensre jutó átlagos költségteher 54 691 Ft volt hazánkban. Következtetés: A cukorbetegek szemészeti járó- és fekvőbeteg-ellátása alulfinanszírozott hazánkban. A proliferatív diabeteses retinopathia és a diabeteses maculaoedema növekvő társadalmi-gazdasági terhe miatt érdemes volna javítani a megelőzés, a szűrés és a korai kezelés jelenlegi helyzetén. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305. Summary. Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy affects every third people with diabetes mellitus in the world and is the leading cause of blindness in adults of working age. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the economic burden associated with diabetic retinopathy in people aged 18 years and older in Hungary. Method: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) with the diabetic retinopathy module (DRM) based diabetic retinopathy cost model study was conducted in Hungary in 2018. Economic burden of diabetic retinopathy was analysed from the perspective of the National Health Insurance Fund system and the patients. Our prevalence-based diabetic retinopathy cost model was performed according to the Scottish diabetic retinopathy grading scale and based on the diabetic retinopathy severity stadium. Results: The total diabetic retinopathy-associated economic burden was 43.66 billion HUF in 2018. The two major cost drivers were anti-VEGF injections (28.91 billion HUF) and vitrectomies (8.09 billion HUF) in Hungary; they covered to 84.7% of the total cost among people with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic retinopathy-related cost per patient was 54 691 HUF in Hungary. Conclusion: Outpatient and inpatient eye care of people with diabetes mellitus are underfinanced in Hungary. Due to the increasing socio-economic burden of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema, it would be important to invest in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema prevention, screening and early treatment. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(8): 298–305.
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Vora, Parshva, and Sudhir Shrestha. "Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy Using Embedded Computer Vision." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 7274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207274.

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Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the United States and other countries around the world. People who have diabetic retinopathy may not have symptoms until the condition becomes severe, which may eventually lead to vision loss. Thus, the medically underserved populations are at an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy-related blindness. In this paper, we present development efforts on an embedded vision algorithm that can classify healthy versus diabetic retinopathic images. Convolution neural network and a k-fold cross-validation process were used. We used 88,000 labeled high-resolution retina images obtained from the publicly available Kaggle/EyePacs database. The trained algorithm was able to detect diabetic retinopathy with up to 76% accuracy. Although the accuracy needs to be further improved, the presented results represent a significant step forward in the direction of detecting diabetic retinopathy using embedded computer vision. This technology has the potential of being able to detect diabetic retinopathy without having to see an eye specialist in remote and medically underserved locations, which can have significant implications in reducing diabetes-related vision losses.
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Valizadeh, Amin, Saeid Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Ramin Ranjbarzadeh, and Yaghoub Pourasad. "Presentation of a Segmentation Method for a Diabetic Retinopathy Patient’s Fundus Region Detection Using a Convolutional Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7714351.

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Diabetic retinopathy is characteristic of a local distribution that involves early-stage risk factors and can forecast the evolution of the illness or morphological lesions related to the abnormality of retinal blood flows. Regional variations in retinal blood flow and modulation of retinal capillary width in the macular area and the retinal environment are also linked to the course of diabetic retinopathy. Despite the fact that diabetic retinopathy is frequent nowadays, it is hard to avoid. An ophthalmologist generally determines the seriousness of the retinopathy of the eye by directly examining color photos and evaluating them by visually inspecting the fundus. It is an expensive process because of the vast number of diabetic patients around the globe. We used the IDRiD data set that contains both typical diabetic retinopathic lesions and normal retinal structures. We provided a CNN architecture for the detection of the target region of 80 patients’ fundus imagery. Results demonstrate that the approach described here can nearly detect 83.84% of target locations. This result can potentially be utilized to monitor and regulate patients.
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Sirait, Erwin, Muhammad Zarlis, and Syahril Efendi. "Extraction Zoning Feature to Diabetic Retinopathic Detection Models." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.18757.

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The health sector is one area that has been applying various computer technologies. To diagnose a patient's illness was already done with computers. One is to diagnose diabetic Retinopathic disease that can happen to anyone. Diabetic Retinopathy, which is one of the complications caused by diabetes. Symptoms shown from this disease is mikroneurisma, hemorrhages, excudets and neovascularos. The detection of the disease is done by looking at the information on the retinal image and can then be classified according to severity. This research aims to develop a method that can be used utuk classify Diabetic Retinopathy. The process of classification is based fiture-fiture the retinal image obtained by the extraction process using extraction methods Zoning. The process is then performed to classify the Bayes Method and the results obtained Diabetic Retinopahty classification. The results of this study yield maximum accuracy 65%.
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Liu, Fei, Ying Ma, and Yanli Xu. "Taxifolin Shows Anticataractogenesis and Attenuates Diabetic Retinopathy in STZ-Diabetic Rats via Suppression of Aldose Reductase, Oxidative Stress, and MAPK Signaling Pathway." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666191018122821.

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Background: Due to the increased prevalence of diabetes-associated complications of the eye like diabetic retinopathy and cataract, the need for a novel therapeutic agent is urgent. Due to the advantages that the polyphenolic compounds enjoy in diabetes and associated complications, we postulated that Taxifolin (TXF), a poly-phenolic flavanol, could show anti-retinopathic and anti-cataract effect in diabetes-induced rats. Methods: TXF at a dose of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg was given by oral route to STZ mediated diabetic rats for a time period of 10 weeks. The opacity of lens was studied after every 7 days of treatment till 10 weeks; evaluation of the severity of cataract and changes in the histology of lens as well as retina was done. Tissue homogenates of lens isolated after the end of the study were evaluated for markers of oxidative stress, levels of aldose reductase, p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2. Results: Outcomes suggested that TXF improved retinopathy and cataract in diabetes-induced rats. The treatment of TXF also improved the status of oxidative stress and inhibited the levels of p38MAPK, VEGF, and ERK1/2. The treatment also improved the lens opacity in diabetic rats. The results suggest that the protective effect of TXF against cataract and retinopathy may be due to the anti-oxidative potential of TXF and its inhibiting effect on VEGF, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and aldose reductase. Conclusion: The study confirms that TXF is a potential candidate showing a protective effect against diabetic induced retinopathy and cataract..
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Jenkins, K. Sean, Jason C. Steel, and Christopher J. Layton. "Systematic Assessment of Clinical Methods to Diagnose and Monitor Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy." Journal of Ophthalmology 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8479850.

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Purpose. Diabetic retinal neuropathy refers to retinal neural tissue damage occurring before the structural retinal changes of diabetic retinopathy and fulfils many of the criteria for causality for the subsequent vasculopathy. Developing reliable means of measuring neuronal damage in diabetes may be important in efforts to prevent retinopathy of a clinically significant and irreversible stage. This study aimed at systematically assessing current clinical measurements of diabetic retinal neuropathy so that future studies may utilise a consensual battery of tests in studying this poorly understood disease state between a healthy retina and one that is retinopathic. Methods. A systematic search of the medical literature since 1984 was performed on PUBMED and EMBASE, and the evidence supporting each identified method as an indicator for clinically important diabetic retinal neuropathy was graded relatively as compelling, medium, or weak according to criteria assessing its relationship to subsequent diabetic retinopathy, quality of supporting studies, and published reproducibility. Results. The systematic search yielded 6432 results. Subsequent assessment by two independent investigators identified 601 multiple subject studies in humans assessing clinical aspects of the retinal structure, function, or psychophysics in the prediabetic retina. The 933 separate instances of clinical methods assessed as being supported by relatively “compelling” evidence included colour vision changes, flash ERG b-wave latency, flash multifocal b-wave latency, scotopic b-wave and oscillatory potentials in ERG, and contrast sensitivity. Conclusion. The results showed moderately poor quality of extant evidence and indicate the best clinical methods for assessing diabetic retinal neuropathy that remain to be confirmed. This is the first systematic assessment of the medical literature aiming at assessing the breadth and validity of these methods and represents an early step in identifying and developing clinical endpoints for use in trials designed to identify at-risk patients or prevent diabetic retinopathy.
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Kao, J. H., T. Y. Lan, C. H. Lu, C. Y. Shen, K. J. LI, and S. C. Hsieh. "AB0832 PREVALENCE OF OCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN TAIWAN." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1440.2–1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3746.

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Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could affect multiple parts of the eye. (1,2) Also, there is risk of ocular toxicity associated with treatment, such as hydroxychloroquine.(3) Early diagnosis is essential to avoid major ocular complications. However, complaints of eye discomfort may be vague, and various presentations may pose challenges on rheumatologists. Knowing the real-world prevalence of ocular problems in patients with SLE is important and helpful, yet this has been less common to be reported.Objectives:To describe the prevalence of various ophthalmologic diagnoses in patients with SLE.Methods:This is a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Patients diagnosed with SLE in the period between 1st Jan, 2002 and 31th Dec, 2015 and evaluated by ophthalmologists in 2 years before 29th Jan, 2021 were included. Demographic and clinical data, and ophthalmologic diagnoses were recorded by chart review.Results:A total of 121 patients were included, and 118 (97.5%) were female. Average age was 46.2 years [standard deviation (SD) 11.4 years] upon ophthalmologic evaluation, and average duration suffering from lupus was 11.6 years (SD 3.3 years). Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (n = 48, 39.7%), myopia (n = 39, 32.2%), and cataract (n = 21, 17.4%) were the most common findings. It was also noted that suspicious finding of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity was found in 12 patients (9.9% of total patients). Also, two patients had lupus retinopathy, and another two were diagnosed with cytomegalovirus retinitis. In addition, glaucoma was diagnosed in 9 patients (7.4%), which seemed to be higher than the general population.Conclusion:Higher prevalence of different ocular problems is noted in this cohort of SLE patients. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was the most common ocular diagnosis, which is consistent with literature. However, high rates of myopia, cataract, glaucoma, and suspicious hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity were also found. Above result warrants more aggressive ophthalmologic evaluation in SLE patients. More research on the association of lupus and different ocular diseases is needed in the future.References:[1]Silpa-archa S, Lee JJ, Foster CS. Ocular manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016 Jan;100(1):135–41.[2]Sivaraj RR, Durrani OM, Denniston AK, Murray PI, Gordon C. Ocular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Dec;46(12):1757–62.[3]Jorge A, Ung C, Young LH, Melles RB, Choi HK. Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy - implications of research advances for rheumatology care. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14(12):693–703.Table 1.Demographic data and ophthalmologic diagnosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (N = 121)Variablen (% of N)Age (years) average (SD)46.2 (11.4)Disease duration average (SD)11.6 (3.3)Female sex118 (97.5)Chronic medical disease Hypertension28 (23.1) Diabetes mellitus4 (3.3) Dyslipidemia7 (5.8) Cancer3 (2.5) End-stage renal disease1 (0.8)Ophthalmologic diagnosis Keratoconjunctivitis sicca48 (39.7) Myopia39 (32.2) Cataract21 (17.4) Glaucoma9 (7.4) Suspicious retinopathy related to HCQ12 (9.9) Unspecified retinopathy5 (4.1) Lupus retinopathy2 (1.7) CMV retinitis2 (1.7) Central retinal vein thrombosis1 (0.8) Retinal break1 (0.8) Optic neuritis1 (0.8) Vitreal hemorrhage1 (0.8) Myodesopia4 (3.3) Scleritis1 (0.8)SD, standard deviation; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CMV, cytomegalovirus.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Venkatesh, Prasanna, Jayasingh K., Srikanth K., and Siva R. Green. "Cross sectional study of microalbuminuria, C-peptide and fundal changes in pre-diabetics." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20180943.

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Background: Pre-diabetes is a mounting health problem occurring worldwide. Microvascular complications are prone to occur during this stage. Early diagnosis and treatment delay progression to diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications. Aims and objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria, c-peptide and fundal changes in pre-diabetics.Methods: 125 pre-diabetic patients those who visited MGMCRI General Medicine OPD and admitted in wards were taken into the study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and after obtaining written informed consent. All those study patient’s urine and blood sample were sent for analysis of microalbuminuria and C-peptide respectively. Fundus was examined for retinopathic changes.Results: Among 125 prediabetic participants, prevalence of microalbuminuria was 12.8%, c-peptide levels was elevated in 46.4 %, but none of the study participants had fundal diabetic retinopathy changes.Conclusions: The microvascular complications like microalbuminuria starts in the pre-diabetic stage itself. Prevalence of increased c-peptide levels and microalbuminuria was more in individuals who had both IFG and IGT. Elevated C peptide level and microalbuminuria were found to appear much earlier than retinopathy in prediabetes. Hence its use can enhance for early diagnosis of prediabetes.
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Tołwińska, Joanna, Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska, and Artur Bossowski. "Insulin Therapy with Personal Insulin Pumps and Early Angiopathy in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/791283.

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Objective. Assessment of the effect of a treatment method change from multiple daily insulin injection (MDI) to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on the development of early angiopathy in children with T1DM with or without retinopathy.Methods. The study pump group involved 32 diabetic children aged 14.8, with the initial HbA1c level of 8.3%, previously treated by MDI. The patients were examined before pump insertion and after 3 and 6 months of CSII. We assessed HbA1c level, carotid artery intima-media thickness (c-IMT), and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. The pump group was compared to a group of eight teenagers with diagnosed nonproliferative retinopathy, treated with MDI.Results. HbA1c in the entire group was found to improve in the second and in the third examination. During 6 months of CSII, FMD increased and IMT decreased. Retinopathic adolescents had significantly thicker IMT and lower FMD compared to baseline results of the pump group. Treatment intensification in the retinopathy-free children enhanced these differences.Conclusions. CSII is associated with lower IMT and higher FMD. Whether on the long-run CSII is superior to MDI to delay the occurrence of diabetes late complications remains to be explained.
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Enders, P., F. Schaub, and S. Fauser. "Wann wird heute noch gelasert?" Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 235, no. 12 (February 10, 2017): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-123831.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Laserbehandlung ist eine Therapieoption bei retinalen, bevorzugt vaskulären Pathologien. Meist kommen destruktive Verfahren zum Einsatz. Durch das Hinzukommen der intravitrealen Applikation von Antikörper(fragmenten) gegen den Wachstumsfaktor „vascular endothelial growth factor“ (VEGF) muss jedoch bei einigen Indikationen der Einsatz der Laserbehandlung als First-Line-Therapie kritisch hinterfragt werden. Neue Strategien und Behandlungskonzepte sollen erläutert werden. Material und Methoden Zusammenfassung der Literatur aus PubMed sowie relevanter Leitlinien und Stellungnahmen. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Das Anwendungsspektrum der retinalen Laserphotokoagulation ist vielfältig. Trotz und neben neuen, vielversprechenden medikamentösen Therapieansätzen stellt die retinale Laserbehandlung auch heute noch eine unverzichtbare Therapieoption insbesondere bei der proliferativen diabetischen Retinopathie, venösen ischämischen Verschlüssen und selteneren Erkrankungen wie Retinopathia praematurorum oder Morbus Coats dar.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Retinopathly"

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Mahon, Gerald J. "Studies on chloroquine retinopathy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388235.

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Loukovaara, Sirpa. "Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/loukovaara/.

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Teng, Thomas Bart. "Vessel identification in diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2003. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/441/.

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Diabetic retinopathy is the single largest cause of sight loss and blindness in 18 to 65 year olds. Screening programs for the estimated one to six per- cent of the diabetic population have been demonstrated to be cost and sight saving, howeverthere are insufficient screening resources. Automatic screen-ing systems may help solve this resource short fall. This thesis reports on research into an aspect of automatic grading of diabetic retinopathy; namely the identification of the retinal blood vessels in fundus photographs. It de-velops two vessels segmentation strategies and assess their accuracies. A literature review of retinal vascular segmentation found few results, and indicated a need for further development. The two methods for vessel segmentation were investigated in this thesis are based on mathematical morphology and neural networks. Both methodologies are verified on independently labeled data from two institutions and results are presented that characterisethe trade off betweenthe ability to identify vesseland non-vessels data. These results are based on thirty five images with their retinal vessels labeled. Of these images over half had significant pathology and or image acquisition artifacts. The morphological segmentation used ten images from one dataset for development. The remaining images of this dataset and the entire set of 20 images from the seconddataset were then used to prospectively verify generaliastion. For the neural approach, the imageswere pooled and 26 randomly chosenimageswere usedin training whilst 9 were reserved for prospective validation. Assuming equal importance, or cost, for vessel and non-vessel classifications, the following results were obtained; using mathematical morphology 84% correct classification of vascular and non-vascular pixels was obtained in the first dataset. This increased to 89% correct for the second dataset. Using the pooled data the neural approach achieved 88% correct identification accuracy. The spread of accuracies observed varied. It was highest in the small initial dataset with 16 and 10 percent standard deviation in vascular and non-vascular cases respectively. The lowest variability was observed in the neural classification, with a standard deviation of 5% for both accuracies. The less tangible outcomes of the research raises the issueof the selection and subsequent distribution of the patterns for neural network training. Unfortunately this indication would require further labeling of precisely those cases that were felt to be the most difficult. I.e. the small vessels and border conditions between pathology and the retina. The more concrete, evidence based conclusions,characterise both the neural and the morphological methods over a range of operating points. Many of these operating points are comparable to the few results presented in the literature. The advantage of the author's approach lies in the neural method's consistent as well as accurate vascular classification.
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Hillman, Nicola Jane. "Hypertension and experimental diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241987.

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Penishkevich, Ya I. "Pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18637.

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Mohamed, Shaheeda. "Efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone in diabetic macular edema." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38479114.

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Heintz, Emelie. "Health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Utvärdering och hälsoekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76283.

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To ensure that the resources of the health care sector are used effectively, new technologies need to be evaluated before implementation to examine if they generate health outcomes at an acceptable cost. This information can be collected by performing health economic evaluations in which the costs and health outcomes of different technologies are compared. To estimate the effect on health care budgets, there is also a need for information about the prevalence of the specific disease. Health outcomes in health economic evaluations are often measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which are calculated by multiplying the remaining life years after an intervention by a weight representing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during those years. This thesis aims to provide deeper knowledge of the health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye complication that affects patients with diabetes and may in the worst case lead to blindness. The focus is on three empirical and two methodological health economic research questions. The empirical research areas cover prevalence, costs, and HRQoL related to patients with DR. The methodological research questions explore the performance of different methods for estimation of QALY weights. This is of interest since it has been argued that the most common methods for estimating QALY weights may not capture all relevant vision-related aspects of quality of life. The analyses comprehend the validity of different methods for estimating QALY weights among patients with DR and if the results of one of the specific methods for estimating QALY weights, the time trade-off (TTO) exercise, are affected by patients’ subjective life expectancy (SLE). The empirical results demonstrate that DR is seen in approximately 40% and 30% of patients with type I and type II diabetes respectively, indicating that the prevalence of DR has decreased in both of these patient groups. Healthcare costs vary considerably between different severity levels of the disease, being estimated at €26, €257, €216, and €433 per patient per year for background retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and PDR combined with DMO respectively. Blindness due to DR is associated with an increased use of transportation services, caregiving services, and assistive technologies as well as productivity losses. This suggests that preventing the progression of DR may lower healthcare costs. Patients with vision impairment due to DR have lowered HRQoL in various dimensions, but the diagnosis of DR in itself has only a limited effect on HRQoL. The results on the methodological research questions show that different methods for estimating QALY weights seem to give different results. In comparison to EQ-5D, the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI-3) is the most sensitive method for detecting differences in QALY weights due to DR, and if decisions are to be made based on values from the general public, it can be recommended for use in cost-utility analyses of interventions directed at DR. Neither of the direct methods, TTO and the visual analogue scale, seems to be sensitive to differences in visual function, and more research is needed concerning the role of vision in people’s responses to the TTO exercises. In TTO exercises with time frames based on actuarial life expectancy, the patients’ SLE has an effect on their willingness to trade off years for full health. Thus, applying time frames deviating from patients’ SLE may result in biased QALY weights. Such bias may appear stronger within patient populations than within the general public. In conclusion, this thesis offers estimates for prevalence, costs, and QALY weights that can be used in economic evaluations of interventions directed at DR and as benchmarks for future DR research in order to follow up consequences of changes in diabetes care. In addition, it demonstrates that the choice of method for estimating QALY weights may have an impact on whether an intervention is considered cost-effective.
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Brooks, Roger Audley. "Fibroblast growth factor and diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46684.

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van, Wijngaarden Peter, and petervanwijn@yahoo com au. "Heritable influences in oxygen-induced retinopathy." Flinders University. Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060824.211102.

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Retinopathy of prematurity, a disease characterised by aberrant retinal vascular development in premature neonates, is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in childhood. This work sought to examine differences in the susceptibility of inbred rat strains to oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of human retinopathy of prematurity. The overriding aim was to identify genetic factors in rats that might be generalisable to humans. Newborn rats of six different strains were exposed to alternating cycles of hyperoxia and relative hypoxia for fourteen days. Rats were removed to room air and killed for analysis immediately, to assess oxygen-induced retinal vascular attenuation, or four days later to evaluate the extent of hypoxia-induced vasoproliferation. Whole flat-mounted retinae were stained with fluorophore conjugated isolectin GS-IB4, and measurement of vascular area was conducted using fluorescence microscopy and video-image analysis. A hierarchy of susceptibility to the inhibitory effects of cyclic hyperoxia and relative hypoxia on postnatal retinal vascularization was identified for the rat strains studied. Susceptibility to vascular attenuation was predictive of the subsequent risk of vascular morphological abnormalities. Cross-breeding experiments between susceptible and resistant strains demonstrated that the susceptible phenotype was dominantly inherited in an autosomal fashion. These studies confirmed an association between ocular pigmentation and retinopathy risk, however the finding of differential susceptibility amongst albino rat strains implicated factors in addition to those associated with ocular pigmentation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to compare the retinal expression of angiogenic factor genes in susceptible and resistant strains with the aim of identifying a genetic basis for the strain difference. Eight angiogenic factor genes were selected for study: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); VEGF receptor 2; angiopoietin 2; Tie2; pigment epithelium-derived factor; erythropoietin; cyclooxygenase-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1. The most notable difference between strains was the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during the cyclic hyperoxia exposure period - higher VEGF expression was associated with relative resistance to retinopathy. Other differences in retinal angiogenic factor gene expression between strains, such as higher expression of VEGF receptor 2 and angiopoietin 2 in resistant strains, appeared to be secondary to those in VEGF. Following cyclic hyperoxia, the expression pattern of angiogenic factor genes changed - messenger RNA levels of hypoxia-induced genes, including VEGF, VEGF receptor 2, angiopoietin 2 and erythropoietin, were significantly higher in those strains with larger avascular areas, than in those strains that were relatively resistant to retinopathy. These findings provide firm evidence for hereditary risk factors for oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat. Differences in the regulatory effects of oxygen on VEGF expression appear to be central to the risk of retinopathy. The potential relevance of these hereditary factors is discussed in the context of the human disease.
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Cox, Orla T. "Vascular cell death in diabetic retinopathy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343079.

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Books on the topic "Retinopathly"

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M, Lee Carol, ed. Diabetic retinopathy: Practical management. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993.

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Benson, William Edmunds. Diabetes and its ocular complications. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988.

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Diabetic retinopathy. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2008.

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National Institutes of Health (U.S.), ed. Diabetic retinopathy. [Bethesda, Md.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1985.

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Stewart, Michael W. Diabetic Retinopathy. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3509-8.

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Duh, Elia J., ed. Diabetic Retinopathy. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3.

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Browning, David J., ed. Diabetic Retinopathy. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85900-2.

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author, Labelle Pierre 1940, and David Frédérique 1971 author, eds. Diabetic retinopathy. Montréal, Québec: AP Annika Parance Publishing, 2013.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Diabetic retinopathy. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2010.

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Wahler, Connie, and Lauren Wilkinson. Retinopathy: New research. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Retinopathly"

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Meyerle, Catherine B., Emily Y. Chew, and Frederick L. Ferris. "Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 3–27. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_1.

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Pfister, Frederick, Yuxi Feng, and Hans-Peter Hammes. "Pericyte Loss in the Diabetic Retina." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 245–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_10.

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Kowluru, Renu A., and Pooi-See Chan. "Capillary Dropout in Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 265–82. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_11.

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VanGuilder, Heather D., Thomas W. Gardner, and Alistair J. Barber. "Neuroglial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 283–301. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_12.

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Swenarchuk, Lauren E., Linda E. Whetter, and Anthony P. Adamis. "The Role of Inflammation in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 303–31. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_13.

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Antonetti, David A., Heather D. VanGuilder, and Cheng Mao-Lin. "Vascular Permeability in Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 333–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_14.

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Duh, Elia J. "Retinal Neovascularization and the Role of VEGF." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 353–73. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_15.

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Das, Arup, Deepti Navaratna, and Paul G. McGuire. "Beyond VEGF – Other Factors Important in Retinal Neovascularization: Potential Targets in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 375–98. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_16.

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Diana, V. Do, Julia A. Haller, Anthony P. Adamis, Striata Carla, Quan Dong Nguyen, Syed Mahmood Shah, and Antonia M. Joussen. "Anti-VEGF Therapy as an Emerging Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 401–22. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_17.

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Sun, Jennifer K., Rola Hamam, and Lloyd P. Aiello. "Clinical Trials in Protein Kinase C-β Inhibition in Diabetic Retinopathy." In Diabetic Retinopathy, 423–34. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-563-3_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Retinopathly"

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Custodi, P., G. P. Montecchio, C. Bendotti, G. Vandelli, M. T. Tenconi, and F. Piovella. "PLATELET FIBRONECTIN LEVELS AS A MARKER FOR THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643097.

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Aim of the study was to correlate fibronectin (Fn) and von Villebrand factor (vWf) levels measured in plasma and in platelets with the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Patients were classified in five groups reflecting the progression of this microvascular complication, on the basis of fluorangiographic findings (0 = no microangiopathy; 1= simple microangiopathy; 2= oedematous retinopathy; 3= ischaemic retinopathy; 4= ischaemic proliferative retinopathy). 43 patients were studied, 22 suffering from type I diabetes and 21 from type II diabetes, according to the classification of National Diabetes Data Group. Fn and vWf were measured in plasma and in platelet samples using an original double-sandwich microELISA method and expressed as micrograms/ml or as micrograms/10* platelets. Platelets were counted and solubilized with 0.5% Triton × 100. Bleeding time and platelet adhesion to glass beads were also evaluated on every patient. Intraplatelet Fn levels were reduced in retinopathies and correlate with the severity of the microvascular alteration, being the difference significant between the two extreme groups (p<0.05). vWf intraplatelet levels were also significantly lower in patients with severe microvascular complications (p<0.05). No significant differences were detected for plasma Fn and vWf levels in the 5 groups. Intraplatelet Fn and vWf levels may therefore be considered as markers of the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The leakage of Fn and vWf from activated platelet and the incorporation of these glycoproteins in the subendothelial matrix may be responsible for the worsening of this microvascular complication.
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Grant, M. B., T. Daniels, D. Claire, and R. Lottenberg. "DIABETICS DEMONSTRATE A BLUNTED VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR RESPONSE TO DESMOPRESSIN INFUSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644130.

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The increase in von Willebrand factor (vWF) following desmopressin (DDAVP) (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) infusion was markedly blunted in severe hemophiliacs who had high vWF levels after treatment with vWF rich plasma concentrates. Diabetics with microangiopathy appear to have disease-induced elevation of vWF. In the current study, the vWF response to DDAVP infusion was measured in 30 diabetics (12 type I, 18 type II) and 16 controls, matched for age, sex and weight. Extent of nephropathy, macroangiopathy, and neuropathy was evaluated. Diabetic retinopathy was assessed by indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography (n=8 proliferative retinopathy, n=6 background retinopathy, n=16 no retinopathy). Plasma samples were collected in the supine, overnight-fasted state. DDAVP (0.3 μg/kg) was infused over 30 min and samples obtained at 0-60 min. vWF antigen was assayed by Laurell rocket electrophoresis. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity was measured by a coupled chromogenic substrate assay. Results; Basal vWF levels for type I diabetics (124±16%, MeantSEM) and type II (178±14%) were increased as compared to controls (94±6%), p<.05 and p<.005, respectively. vWF levels for diabetics with proliferative retinopathy (194±29%) were significantly higher than for diabetics with background retinopathy (106±13%) p<.01. Diabetics with elevated basal levels of vWF (>150%) showed less of an increase in vWF following DDAVP infusion than diabetics with normal basal levels (p<.01). The percent increase in vWF following DDAVP administration inversely correlated with basal vWF levels (type I, r=.51; p<.01 and type II, r=.46; p<.01). The basal vWF level was the significant determinant of DDAVP response, not the presence or absence of diabetic complications. Peak t-PA levels showed no difference in controls or diabetics. In contrast to the vWF response, a normal t-PA response to DDAVP infusion was observed in diabetics. Conclusion: Diabetics with microvascular complications and high circulating levels of vWF demonstrate a blunted vWF response to DDAVP. This supports the existence of a negative feedback mechanism as previously reported for the transfused hemophiliacs.
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John, Sheila, Sangeetha Srinivasan, Keerthi Ram, and Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam. "Effectiveness of a computer-assisted algorithm for onsite screening of diabetic retinopathy from retinal photographs at diabetic outpatient clinics." In The 18th international symposium on health information management research. Linnaeus University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/ishimr.2020.03.

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Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of a computer-assisted algorithm for onsite screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) at diabetic outpatient clinics. Methods: 1263 patients were examined over two years. Undilated fundus photographs were acquired at the clinic. Photographs were independently assessed by an ophthalmologist and optometrist in a darkened room in a masked fashion and also processed through the algorithm. DR was defined per the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Results: 2526 eyes of 1263 patients were assessed. The algorithm successfully graded 2153 (85%) images with 63.04% sensitivity and 79.63% specificity compared to an ophthalmologist; in comparison to an optometrist, sensitivity and specificity were 60.87% and 79.05%, respectively. The agreement between ophthalmologist and optometrist was kappa=0.835 for presence of DR, 0.835 for severity of DR. Conclusion: This algorithm may be a utilized in a diabetic clinic for a quick screening with only the retinal photographs.
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Hurtado, Remigio, Janneth Matute, and Juan Boni. "An analysis model for Machine Learning using Support Vector Machine for the prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001450.

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Diabetic Retinopathy is a public health disease worldwide, which shows that around one percent of the population suffers from this disease. Likewise, another one percent of patients in the population suffer from this disease, but it is not diagnosed. It is estimated that, within three years, millions of people will suffer from this disease. This will increase the percentage of vascular, ophthalmological and neurological complications, which will translate into premature deaths and deterioration in the quality of life of patients. That is why we face a great challenge, which is to predict and detect the signs of diabetic retinopathy at an early stage.For this reason, this paper presents a Machine Learning model focused on the optimization of a classification method using support vector machines for the early prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy. The optimization of the support vector machine consists of adjusting parameters such as: separation margin penalty between support vectors, separation kernel, among others. This method has been trained using an image dataset called Messidor. In this way, the extraction and preprocessing of the data is carried out to carry out a descriptive analysis and obtain the most relevant variables through supervised learning. In this sense, we can see that the most outstanding variables for the risk of diabetic retinopathy are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.For the evaluation of the proposed method we have used quality measures such as: MAE, MSE, RSME, but the most important are Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1 for the optimization of classification problems. Therefore, to show the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed method, we have used a public database, which has allowed us to accurately predict the signs of diabetic retinopathy. Our method has been compared with other relevant methods in classification problems, such as neural networks and genetic algorithms. The support vector machine has proven to be the best for its accuracy.In the state of the art, the works related to Diabetic Retinopathy are presented, as well as the outstanding works with respect to Machine Learning and especially the most outstanding works in Support Vector Machines. We have described the main parameters of the method and also the general process of the algorithm with the description of each step of the analysis model. We have included the values of hyper parameters experienced in the compared methods. In this way we present the best values of the parameters that have generated the best results.Finally, the most relevant results and the corresponding analysis are presented, where the results of the comparison made with the methods of Neural Networks, SVM and Genetic Algorithm will be evidenced. This study gives way to future research related to diabetic retinopathy with the aim of conjecturing the information and thus seeking a better solution.
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Kaur, Simran, and Barjinder Singh Saini. "An Evaluation Based on Diabetic Retinopathy." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.24.

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Diabetic retinopathy is a globally rising disease and needs to be taken in concern. It is the problem with vision of diabetic patients due to a disease in the retina of diabetic patients.Diabetic patients have high glucose level in the blood.Our major concern is to predict the disease at early stages.The studies focusses on the modern techniques used in image processing digitally.It also puts a stress on patches classification used for the examination and prediction of diabetic retinopathy and judge the accuracy,senstivity of dataset.
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Samama, M., and C. E. Baudoin. "EFFECT OF ASPIRIN AND ASPIRIN COMBINED WITH DIPYRIDAMOLE IN EARLY DIABETIC RETINOPATHY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643855.

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In a double blind randomised controlled clinical trial the effect of antiplatelet agents (aspirin 330 mg × 3 × day) or in combination with dipyridamole (75 mg 3 × day) versus placebo, was tested in 475 patients with early diabetic retinopathy. Patients were follewed fourmonthly for 3 years. Ophtalmological examinations were carried out initially and at yearly intervals. The assessment of retinopathy was based on changes in the number of microaneurysms (MA) present in the macular field as seen on fluorescein angiograms over a period of three years. Forty one patients did not complete the study. Among the others at least three readable initial and yearly angiograms were available on 420 patients who had a 3 year follow up (266 insulin treated and 154 non insulin treated). The results are based on these patients.It is concluded that either Aspirin alone or in conjunction with dipyridamole significantly slows down the progression of MA evolution in early diabetic retinopathy. Because of the very small, although significant changes, the clinical relevance of these drugs has not been established.
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Bravo, María A., and Pablo A. Arbeláez. "Automatic diabetic retinopathy classification." In 13th International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis, edited by Jorge Brieva, Juan David García, Natasha Lepore, and Eduardo Romero. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2285939.

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Gama, Ítalo, Alessandra Coelho, and Matheus Baffa. "Fundus Eye Images Classification for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Very Deep Convolutional Neural Network." In Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2020.13497.

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Diabetic retinopathy is an anomaly responsible for causing microvascular and macrovascular damage to the retina and occurs as a consequence of the worsening of diabetes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of avoidable blindness in patients with diabetes worldwide. Early detection is important for the efficiency of treatments. Fundus Eye Image can be used to identify early disease development and monitor the patient’s clinical condition. The diagnostic process using this type of image may require some expertise from the ophthalmologist since not all retina anomalies are clearly visible. Thus, this paper proposes the development of a classification method based on Convolutional Neural Networks, but highly dense and deeper. The proposed method obtained a total of 92% AUC in the given experiments.
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Benson, Jeremy, John Maynard, Gilberto Zamora, Hector Carrillo, Jeff Wigdahl, Sheila Nemeth, Simon Barriga, Trilce Estrada, and Peter Soliz. "Transfer learning for diabetic retinopathy." In Image Processing, edited by Elsa D. Angelini and Bennett A. Landman. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293378.

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Singh, Tiken Moirangthem, Parismita Bharali, and Chandrika Bhuyan. "Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy." In 2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccp.2019.8882914.

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Reports on the topic "Retinopathly"

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Ward, Thomas, and Robert Bauer. Teleophtalmology for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405316.

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Veleva, Nevyana, Violeta Chernodrinska, Pavlin Kemilev, Galina Dimitrova, Ognyan Mladenov, and Aleksander Oscar. Vision Threatening Retinopathy of Prematurity. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.02.18.

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Li, Ting, Shudan Ge, Wei Zheng, Chao Luan, Xingtong Liu, Zongxiu Luo, Qi Zhao, and Lulu Xie. Effectiveness and safety of panretinal photocoagulation combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for patients with type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy：A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0048.

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Review question / Objective: Our study aims to synthesise results from randomised controlled trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with intravitreous ranibizumab for T2PDR. Condition being studied: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus, which will seriously affect the quality of life of patients and bring great burden to patients’ families and society. DR is one of the most important diseases of blindness in people aged 20 to 60 years worldwide. Nearly 15% of diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years were combined with DR.The prevalence of vision threatening diabetic retinopathy in the United States is 4.4 percent. Worldwide, the prevalence is estimated at 10.2%.At present, the treatment methods for type 2 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (T2PDR), at home and abroad mainly include retinal laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.
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Li, Bin, Fei Wen, Hongru Chen, and Ri-Li Ge. A meta analysis of the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0112.

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Review question / Objective: P: diabetic retinopathy; I:—; C:—; O: prevalecne rate; S:cross-sectional study. Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of diabetic retinopathy and to provide scientific basis for its prevention and control． Condition being studied: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the common microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, which ultimately seriously affects the vision of patients. It is the leading cause of blindness among young and middle-aged workers worldwide. It is one of the main causes of binocular blindness in elderly patients in western countries.Because of the high incidence, wide range, complex pathogenesis, serious consequences and poor treatment effect of DM and its DR,many countries have actively carried out epidemiological research on the population of DM patients in order to understand the incidence, distribution and related risk factors of DR, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of targeted public prevention and control measures.
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Ushizima, Daniela, and Jorge Cuadros. Image analysis of ocular fundus for retinopathy characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004692.

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Xu, Jiayu, Liyuan Wang, He Sun, and Hanli Wang. Effectivenes and safety of curcumin in diabetic retinopathy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0002.

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Shen, Lijun. Bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Bayesian Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0053.

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Zhou, Yanni, Hui Li, Lisi Luo, Yue Chen, Qiang Chen, and Wei Bian. Acupoint injection therapy for diabetic retinopathy: a protocol for a systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.11.0026.

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Liu, Jin, Youbin Ye, and Yawen Lin. Meta-analysis of the correlation between serum uric acid level and type 2 diabetic retinopathy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.7.0111.

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Wang, Wei, and Yi Wu. Prediction models for diabetic retinopathy development in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0089.

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