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1
AlQurashi, Issa, and Salih Alzahrani. "A Minimalist Account of Free Relative Clauses in Zahrani Spoken Arabic." International Journal of English Linguistics 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v14n1p44.
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This paper explores the syntax of free relative clauses in Zahrani Spoken Arabic (henceforth ZSA). The paper shows that ZSA possesses two types of free relative clauses, viz., nominal free relative clauses and adverbial free relative clauses. The focus of the paper is on nominal free relative clauses. It is shown that nominal free relative clauses can appear in a subject position and a direct object position, and the range of relativization involves subject, direct object, indirect object, prepositional object and possessor relativization. The derivation of free relatives in ZSA involves resumption relativization strategy only where gaps are treated as null resumptive pronouns. As for distribution of null and overt resumptive clitics, there is an alternation between the use of null and overt resumptive pronouns/clitics in subject and direct object position. However, the utilization of overt resumptive pronouns/clitics is mandatory in indirect object, prepositional object and possessor position. It is argued that the free relative markers illi: and mi:n are complementizers. Furthermore, as null and overt resumptive clitics exhibit a big resemblance with respect to their behaviour in the coordinate structures and parasitic gaps, both free relatives with null or resumptive pronouns/clitics involve a null operator movement (in non-island contexts) from inside the free relative clause to the specifier of a complementizer phrase (spec CP). The CP is adjoined to a null antecedent occupying the head of a noun phrase (NP) which is a complement of a determiner phrase (DP) with an empty D.
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Links, Meta, Ans van Kemenade, and Stefan Grondelaers. "Correlatives in earlier English: Change and continuity in the expression of interclausal dependencies." Language Variation and Change 29, no. 3 (October 2017): 365–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394517000187.
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AbstractA construction very widely used in Old English and Old Germanic more broadly are correlatives introduced by an adverbial or conditional subclause, as in When you've done your homework, (then) you can come back (Old English: ‘…, then can you come back’). Correlatives originate from a paratactic clause structure, making use of resumptive adverbs such as then belonging to the Old Germanic series of demonstrative adverbs, whose syntactic niche was the clause-initial position, particularly in Verb Second main clauses. Paratactic structure in correlatives is diagnosed by the presence of a resumptive adverb. We show that the correlative use of resumptive adverbs is sensitive to both clause-internal and clause-external variables: mood, subclause-internal particles, negation, subject type, subclause weight, text type, translation. Correlatives decline from late Old English onward. Although it may seem tempting to attribute this to the loss of Verb Second in English, it resulted primarily from the loss of the original Germanic resumptive adverbs.
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Thielemann, Werner. "Zum diachronen Wandel der phorischen Markierung beim katalanischen Relativum." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 11 (July 1, 1998): 120–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.1998.120-149.
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The grammatical area of the relatives has a rather large variety of forms and possibilities of expression. Pronouns inherited from Latin can summarize the morphological and grammatical categories of the antecedent noun, they have the function of a resumptive. They allow the variation of the phoric configurations between the antecedent and the relative pronoun. However, in Catalan, there has been a remarkable change in the forms of expression from the 12th/13th centuries to the present day.
Historically, as can be seen in the comparison with Latin, there has been a permanent reduction and corruption of the phoric marks (j-marking) to the neutral marking of subject and direct complement in que. With this, the function of the resumptive is eliminated. Nowadays, the situation of Catalan is comparable to that of Spanish and Portuguese. What marks the Catalan changes in the area of the relative, is the fact that the loss of the resumptive is accompanied by strategies of functional deviation that are highly interesting from the linguistic point of view.
As a typological consequence of the loss of the resumptive, today's Catalan prefers contact positions for the simple relatives. The uses in distance require the use of complex relatives: el qual, la qual, etc, which are considered heavy, inelegant and complicated.
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Verhaar, John W. M. "The Function of I in Tok Pisin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 231–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.6.2.04ver.
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The use of the Tok Pisin particle i, traditionally known as the "predicate marker," is shown to be overwhelmingly subject to two constraints, i.e., that of "nondeictic" use (as controlled by subject arguments), and that of "resumptive" use, with the latter sometimes overriding the former. Here, nondeictic means any nonpronominal or pronominal nonfirst and nonsecond person NP. The hypothesis concerning the first constraint seems weakened by apparent counterevidence in the use of i as triggered by -pela pronouns, by the failure of prima facie nondeictic subjects in equa-tional constructions to trigger the use of i, and by the use of i with follow-up verbs in serial constructions and with downstairs verbs in causative constructions. However, all these apparent exceptions are shown either to serve primarily resumptive rules or to be in fact compatible with the non-deixis rule. A corollary reviews openness of i to reanalysis as a copula.
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Agulló, Jorge. "Las oraciones de relativo predicativas en español: pronombres reasuntivos y variación dialectal." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 138, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2022-0005.
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Abstract Predicative or pronominal relative clauses in Spanish take a pronominal category as their head. These configurations show some grammatical traits and a geographical variation which have not yet been inquiried into. These structures, as it is argued in this paper, may host two different types of resumptive pronouns: what will be called asymmetric resumption, triggered by subject-object asymmetries; and resumption as a case-matching mechanism, available in non-matching semi-free relative clauses. As for the head of the construction, dialects of Peninsular Spanish are grouped into those which resort to the explicit pronoun and those which show a propensity to use the implicit pronominal category. The variant headed by the implicit pronoun is similar in some respects to relative clause extraposition, but some new data are brought to the fore that distinguish one construction from the other.
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Fleischer, Jürg. "Eastern Yiddish Relative Clauses in an Areal Perspective: An Analysis Based on the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 34, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542721000143.
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Despite a vast literature on Yiddish relative clauses, their linguistic and geographical aspects have often been neglected. Based on data from the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry (JCAAJ), the areal distribution of subject and oblique relative clauses is analyzed for the first time. I show that vos ‘that; what’, which also introduces non-relative complement clauses, is the most common element to introduce subject relative clauses, whereas in oblique relative clauses, the pronoun velx- ‘which’ predominates. This contrast suggests a division of labor between nonpronominal and pronominal elements depending on the syntactic role of the relativized NP. As to the areal aspect, vos accompanied by a resumptive personal pronoun is primarily used in Central Eastern and Southeastern Yiddish, whereas nonrelative comple-mentizing vos is typical of Southeastern and central Northeastern Yiddish. These areal distributions mirror patterns of coterritorial Slavic languages: The more widespread use of nonrelative complementizing vos is reminiscent of the corresponding use of Ukrainian ščo and Belarusian što ‘what; that’, whereas the preference for resumptive personal pronouns is observed in Polish and Ukrainian. Comparatively recent convergence with Slavic seems to play a role in the emergence of resumptive pronouns and nonrelative complementizing vos in the varieties of Yiddish.*
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Fleischer, Jürg. "Eastern Yiddish Relative Clauses in an Areal Perspective: An Analysis Based on the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 34, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542721000143.
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Despite a vast literature on Yiddish relative clauses, their linguistic and geographical aspects have often been neglected. Based on data from the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry (JCAAJ), the areal distribution of subject and oblique relative clauses is analyzed for the first time. I show that vos ‘that; what’, which also introduces non-relative complement clauses, is the most common element to introduce subject relative clauses, whereas in oblique relative clauses, the pronoun velx- ‘which’ predominates. This contrast suggests a division of labor between nonpronominal and pronominal elements depending on the syntactic role of the relativized NP. As to the areal aspect, vos accompanied by a resumptive personal pronoun is primarily used in Central Eastern and Southeastern Yiddish, whereas nonrelative comple-mentizing vos is typical of Southeastern and central Northeastern Yiddish. These areal distributions mirror patterns of coterritorial Slavic languages: The more widespread use of nonrelative complementizing vos is reminiscent of the corresponding use of Ukrainian ščo and Belarusian što ‘what; that’, whereas the preference for resumptive personal pronouns is observed in Polish and Ukrainian. Comparatively recent convergence with Slavic seems to play a role in the emergence of resumptive pronouns and nonrelative complementizing vos in the varieties of Yiddish.*
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Abdollahnejad, Elias, and Hamideh Marefat. "Relative clauses in Persian." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00001.abd.
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Abstract This study is a corpus-based investigation of Persian relative clauses (RCs) used in written mode. 535 instances of RCs occurring in 1634 sentences in 40 editorials of four newspapers published in Iran were spotted and analyzed to determine the frequency of each RC type and the occurrence of certain features including complementizer ke, object marker râ, different representations of the relativised element in the modifying clause, and the status of gap and resumptive pronoun in the RC. The results indicated that subject RCs are the most frequent types. The tendency to use object marker râ before the modifying RC (Karimi, 2001) was confirmed. Besides, some tokens were witnessed contrasting Taghvaipour’s (2005) proposals on the ungrammaticality of resumption in Persian subject ordinary and object free RCs and the necessity of prefix hær- ‘ever’ in all Persian free RCs.
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Bassi, Itai, and Ezer Rasin. "Equational-intensional relative clauses with syntactic representation." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 60 (January 1, 2018): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.60.2018.459.
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Analyses of scope reconstruction typically fall into two competing approaches: ‘semanticreconstruction’, which derives non-surface scope using semantic mechanisms, and ‘syntacticreconstruction’, which derives it by positing additional syntactic representations at thelevel of Logical Form. Grosu and Krifka (2007) proposed a semantic-reconstruction analysisfor relative clauses like the gifted mathematician that Dan claims he is, in which the relativehead NP can be interpreted in the scope of a lower intensional quantifier. Their analysis relieson type-shifting the relative head into a predicate of functions. We develop an alternativeanalysis for such relative clauses that replaces type-shifting with syntactic reconstruction. Thecompeting analyses diverge in their predictions regarding scope possibilities in head-externalrelative clauses. We use Hebrew resumptive pronouns, which disambiguate a relative clausein favor of the head-external structure, to show that the prediction of syntactic reconstructionis correct. This result suggests that certain type-shifting operations are not made available byUniversal Grammar.Keywords: relative clauses, scope, reconstruction, type-shifting, de dicto, intensional quantifiers,binding, resumptive pronouns.
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Joo, Youngsook. "A Study on the Acquisition of Relative Clauses and Syntactic Properties of Native English - Speaking Children." British and American Language and Literature Association of Korea 148 (March 30, 2023): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21297/ballak.2023.148.193.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the early language acquisition of relative clauses and the internal syntactic properties of native English - speaking children from the perspective of Minimalist Program. The methods of this study are based on Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2008) and Theory of Parameter (Chomsky 1981, Hyams 1986, 2011, Rizzi 1990). Early relative clauses differ from the adult grammar, in two respects: first, pied - piping in relative clauses is absent. Children produce relatives with preposition stranding, an option available in their target language. Radford (2004) suggested that relative that in child relative clauses is a relative clause complementizer rather than a relative pronoun. The second feature of early relative clauses is the use of resumptive pronouns. English - speaking children accepted resumptive pronouns at a significantly higher rate than adults in all contexts for which gaps were grammatical (McKee and McDaniel 2001). In this study, the properties of relative clauses in child language reflect the process of developing language faculty.
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Setimaji, Febru, Teguh Abdulah, and Acep Haryudin. "THE USE OF CONJUNCTION: ELABORATION IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i4.p475-481.
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Abstract Speaking is kind of communication that human needs to give same understanding of mind and works. The term of ‘speech’ has meaning to give some explanation from speaker to audience with many intention from the speaker based on their speech. The speech of Donald Trump at his first state on the january 2018 giving some explanation about the condition in USA today. This research giving the information about the use of conjunction: elaboration in Donald trump speech. The research goal to give some explanation about the types of conjunction and the meaning inside of it. This research used qualitative with the method have been used by the writers is textual analysis method as supported by Frey, et al. The analysis of data show us the precentage of subtype of conjunction: elaboration that Donald trump’s use at his speech are Expository 60%, Exemplifying 8%, Corrective 8%, Particularizing 8%, Resumptive 8%, Verifactive 8%. Donald Trump used appositive so often rather than using clarification on his speech. It means he is less doing clarification to have understanding between him and the audience
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Segura Llopes, Carles. "Les construccions de relatiu col·loquials en català." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 22, no. 22 (December 3, 2023): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.22.27823.
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Resum: El prof. Joan Solà estudià en profunditat les construccions de relatiu en català i plantejà bastants interrogants sobre el funcionament i interpretació d’aquestes construccions, especialment les que corresponen als usos col·loquials, diferenciades amb claredat de les pertanyents a registres formals. En aquest treball mirarem de contribuir al coneixement de les construccions de relatiu col·loquials en català fent servir la Gramàtica de Construccions cognitiva com a base teòrica. Utilitzarem el corpus PARLARS cosa que implicarà centrar-nos en els usos col·loquials de la varietat valenciana, corresponents, a més a més, a parlants de generacions més prompte ancianes, les quals, com sabem, mantenen encara un grau d’exposició als usos formals del català (i també del castellà) bastants baixos. Mirarem de: a) verificar l’extensió que hi tenen les construccions de relatiu cultes; b) establir els límits dels usos que s’adiuen a l’estructura sintàctica col·loquial, això és, amb un nexe que despronominalitzat i amb la presència o no d’elements resumptius; i c) comprovar si les construccions amb resumptius marquen alguna diferència semàntica respecte de les que en prescindeixen o si, simplement, hi ha un mera alternança lligada estrictament al registre formal o informal.Paraules clau: construccions de relatiu, gramàtica de construccions, català col·loquialAbstract: Prof. Joan Solà studied in depth the relative constructions in Catalan and raised quite a few questions about the operation and interpretation of these constructions, especially those corresponding to colloquial uses, clearly differentiated from those belonging to formal registers. In this paper we will try to contribute to the knowledge of colloquial relative constructions in Catalan using the Cognitive Construction Grammar as a theoretical basis. We will use the corpus called PARLARS, which will involve focusing on the colloquial uses of the Valencian variety, corresponding, in addition, to speakers of the older generations, who, as we know, still maintain a degree of exposure to quite low formal uses of Catalan (and also Spanish). Our objectives will be: a) to verify the extent of relative constructions in cultured speech; b) to establish the limits of the uses that best fit the colloquial syntactic structure, that is, the one that uses a depronominalized relativizer with or without resumptive elements; and c) to check if the constructions containing resumptives elements mark any semantic difference compared to those without them or if, simply, there is a mere alternation strictly linked to the formal or informal register.Keywords: relative constructions, construction grammar, colloquial Catalan
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Reuneker, Alex. "Clause order and syntactic integration patterns in Dutch conditionals." Linguistics in the Netherlands 37 (October 27, 2020): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00041.reu.
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Abstract Conditional clauses in Dutch can occur in sentence-initial and sentence-final position. For sentence-initial conditionals, a number of syntactic integration patterns are available. This corpus study investigates to what extent clause order and syntactic integration are associated with text mode (spoken, written) and register (formal, informal). Sentence-initial position of the conditional clause is shown to be most frequent in both modes and registers, although sentence-final position is more frequent than one would expect based on the literature, especially in written texts. The distribution of syntactic integration patterns shows a clear difference between modes, as full integration of the conditional clause into the main clause is most frequent in written texts, whereas the use of the resumptive element dan (‘then’) is most frequent in spoken texts.
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Di Tullio, Ángela, and Avelina Suñer. "Análisis de errores en las relativas." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 139-140 (January 1, 2003): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.139.0.2003196.
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The relativization devices of a language can be hierarchized according to case codification on the basis of linguistic typology, diachrony and acquisition studies. Yet, such a scale is sensitive to the variation between spoken and written language. In Spanish, the canonical relative, proper of the written language, fills a clause internal slot of the relative. Spoken language, however, drastically reduces morphosyntactic marking (as shown, e.g., by the depronominalization of the relative marker and by quesuismo), while at the same time simplifying the semantic compatibility relations with the antecedent (extending, e.g., the use of donde ‘where’). We propose to analyze native speakers’ and language learners’ errors, including those stemming from hypercorrection, in order to find out which are the prevailing relativization strategies. The tension between grammatical economy and communicative efficiency explains the fluctuation between simplification, on the one hand, characterized by the loss of prepositions and by the use of marked relative forms (e.g. cuyo ‘whose’), and on the other, the recovery of information, e.g. through the use of resumptive pronouns. Special attention will be paid to the so-called “subordinate subject relative attraction”, which privileges clause-internal concordance relations.
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Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria, and Maria Dimitrakopoulou. "The Interpretability Hypothesis: evidence from wh-interrogatives in second language acquisition." Second Language Research 23, no. 2 (April 2007): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658307076546.
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The second language acquisition (SLA) literature reports numerous studies of proficient second language (L2) speakers who diverge significantly from native speakers despite the evidence offered by the L2 input. Recent SLA theories have attempted to account for native speaker/non-native speaker (NS/NNS) divergence by arguing for the dissociation between syntactic knowledge and morpho(pho)nology. In particular, Lardiere (1998), Prévost and White (2000), and Goad and White (2004) claim that highly proficient learners have knowledge of the abstract syntactic properties of the language but occasionally fail to associate them with the correct morphological or phonological forms. On the other hand, theories that support partial availability of Universal Grammar (UG) (Tsimpli and Roussou 1991; Hawkins and Chan, 1997) argue for a problem in the syntax: while UG principles and operations are available in SLA, the formal features of the target language that are not instantiated in the L1 or have a different setting, cause learnability problems. This article discusses acquisitional data in the light of the Interpretability Hypothesis (Tsimpli and Mastropavlou, 2007), which is a reformulation of the SLA theory suggested by Tsimpli and Roussou (1991) in minimalist terms. It is argued that a minimalist approach to SLA can be implemented to specify the status of the features that are least accessible to re-setting in the SLA process, given (1) constraints on their learnability and (2), their setting in the L1 grammar. The phenomenon discussed concerns the use of the resumptive strategy in wh- subject and object extraction by intermediate and advanced Greek learners of English. It is proposed that the acceptability rate of pronouns in the extraction site is conditioned by the Logical Form (LF) interpretability of the features involved in the derivation. Hence, the interpretable features of animacy and discourse-linking are hypothesized to be involved in the analysis of English pronouns by Greek L2 learners, while the first language (L1) specification of resumptive pronouns as clusters of uninterpretable Case and Agreement features resists resetting.
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Tokajian, Sima, Maya Farah, and Fuad Hashwa. "Identification of Sphingomonads on the Basis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplified 16S rRNA Gene." Water Quality Research Journal 43, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.028.
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Abstract Sphingomonas is a genus that is basically of environmental origin but can also be associated with health hazards, especially in the hospital environment where there is a great need to properly monitor water sources. The abundance and frequent isolation of derivatives of yellow pigmented colonies from drinking water samples in Lebanon—where an intermittent mode of supply is employed, and which induces frequent biofilm sloughing—necessitated the establishment of a rapid and feasible assay to screen specifically for sphingomonads. In this study, 50 isolates recovered from drinking water with yellow- to orange-pigmented colonies were used to establish a polymerase chain reaction-based (PCR-based) screening assay. The use of sphingomonad specific modified primers gave one common band with a size of 320 bp in all resumptive and sequence confirmed sphingomonads. However, no amplification was observed with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applying the PCR-based assay described in this paper increased both the efficiency and the reliability of screening for sphingomonads in water samples, thereby minimizing related risk factors.
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Albareda, Cristina. "La duplicació pronominal en les relatives locatives en català." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 26 (July 1, 2013): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2013.275-299.
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Summary: This paper analyses the use of the pronoun hi in locative relative clauses in Catalan, which is considered a case of clitic doubling. How it behaves depends on whether it is a defining or non-defining relative clause. The nature of focus of the non-defining clause justifies the presence of the pronoun which acts as a topic’s resumptive pronoun, whereas the pronoun appears in a defining relative clause when the sentence is characterised by specificity. On the other hand, there are two relevant syntactic factors in the appearance of the pronoun hi: the first is the aim to avoid confusions with the pronoun hi with syntactic function – not only in non-defining but also in defining relative clauses – and the second is the fact that the explicit presence of verbal arguments contributes specificity to the defining relative clause. These two factors are also relevant with regard to the acceptability of combinations of the pronoun hi with other pronouns. [Keywords: Locative relative clause; clitic doubling; specificity; pronoun hi; verbal complements]
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Alotaibi, Abdullah M. "Examining the Learnability of English Relative Clauses: Evidence from Kuwaiti EFL Learners." English Language Teaching 9, no. 2 (January 6, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n2p57.
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<p>This study aims to test the extent to which 120 Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of the structure of relative clauses in English through measuring their ability to produce this structure. It also checks whether the English proficiency level of the participants plays a role in their answers on the test. For this purpose, a sentence combination task was used to measure the participants’ ability to produce correct relative clauses in English. This test was selected in order to examine the types of error made by the participants pertinent to relative clauses in English. The results reveal that Kuwaiti EFL learners may not be fully aware of the formation rules of relative clauses in English (total mean=60.4%). The t-test shows that the English proficiency level affected the participants' answers on the test. Specifically, there were statistically significant differences between the answers of the advanced (76.3%) and intermediate learners (44.4%). The number of errors made by the advanced learners was less than that made by the intermediate learners. Regarding the types of error made by the participants, the most noticeable ones were: deletion of the relative pronoun, wrong relative pronoun, repetitive use of resumptive pronouns, passivisation of the relative clause and problems with the indirect object and genitive relative clauses. The researcher analysed the participants' erroneous answers and provided potential reasons to account for them. Finally, the study concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.</p>
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El-Yasin, Mohammed K. "The Passive Voice." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.42.1.03ely.
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ABSTRACT This paper starts by discussing the importance of word order in translation. As an example, the passive-active relation is given to illustrate the importance of word order. It is shown that the word order in this case is an integral part of the meaning in the wider sense of meaning. This relation, moreover, is discussed in Arabic and English which do not exhibit parallel behavior. The mismatches between the two languages necessitate structural adjustments in translation if natural equivalence is to be achieved. It is noticed that Arabic tends to use less passive than English and, furthermore, does not have a natural method of expressing the agent in a passive sentence. However, an active construction (namely, the topic-comment construction) allows for a word order in which the effect of the English passive word order is achieved without having to use the passive in Arabic. Therefore, an English x is done by is rendered as x, does it in Arabic where it is a resumptive pronoun referring to x . Here, the x-y order is maintained and the passive is avoided in Arabic where it is rather unnatural. The agent is expressed as the subject of the comment which is an active sentence that naturally allows the agent to be explicitly stated. In this position, it follows the patient which is the desired order that reflect the original English order. A standard procedure for translating English passives into Arabic is proposed as a conclusion to the present study. RÉSUMÉ Le présent article étudie en premier lieu l'importance de la séquence des mots dans une traduction. En guise d'exemple, l'auteur cite la relation voix passive - voix active pour illustrer l'importance de la séquence des mots. Il démontre que dans ce cas-ci, la séquence des mots fait intégralement partie de la signification. De plus, cette relation est abordée pour l'arabe et pour l'anglais, deux langues dont le comportement n'est pas parallèle. Si le traducteur veut obtenir une équivalence naturelle, ces comportements divergents devront être ajustés au niveau de la structure. On remarquera que l'arabe utilise moins souvent la voix passive que l'anglais et que de plus cette langue ne dispose pas d'une méthode naturelle permettant d'exprimer l'agent dans une phrase passive. Cependant, une construction active (à savoir le commentaire d'un sujet) permet d'obtenir une séquence de mots reproduisant l'effet de la séquence passive anglaise sans obligation d'avoir recours à la voix passive en arabe. Dès lors, la construction anglaise x is done by y sera rendue par la construction arabe x, y does it dans laquelle it est le pronom remplaçant x. Dans ce cas-ci, la séquence x-y est maintenue et le passifest évité en arabe où il est ressenti comme une construction un peu artificielle. L'agent est exprimé comme sujet du commentaire, ce qui donne une phrase active permettant de mentionner explicitement l'agent. Positionné ainsi, l'agent suit le patient et on obtient l'ordre souhaité qui reflète la séquence d'origine en anglais. Pour conclure son article, l'auteur nous propose une procédure standard permettant de traduire les phrases passives anglaises en arabe.
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Vilkonienė, Margarita. "THE EXPRESSION OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS IN NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2007): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/07.4.14.
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Natural Science education is becoming one of the most important branches of the educational content in Lithuanian Comprehensive School , whereas the content of these disciplines has special importance for the development of the informational society and for the rise and nurturance of the scientific potential. It, surely, gives possibilities for students to develop their self-expression and forms positive interaction relations with nature. If we want to make Natural Science the underlying aspect of the education, it is necessary to have a few fundamental ideas helping achieve the aims. The weak fundamental principles and ideas in the educational system become situations when todays education doesn‘t supply demands of the modern life. The aim of this research is to describe the expression of the philosophical ideas in todays and future practise of Natural Science education. The research was done applying the analysis of the educational documents and the resourses of scientific information as well as comparative analysis and systematic analysis. The research showed that in the different educational stages not many topics related with the philosophical aspects of person‘s life are regulated, though at the primary educational stages (because of the subject integration) conditions are quite favourable. In the upper grades when resumptive courses of Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Geography are taught there is not much space for the philosophical aspects left . At this stage subjects are hardly realised as the integrated parts of the undivided holistic world. Such situation becomes a setback trying to educate qualitatively. That‘s why the reach to re-create united and systematic attitude to the World, to the Human in the world and to the human‘s life in the modern world becomes particularly relevant. Today the close relation between pedagogics and philosophy becomes a necessity. Discussing the Natural Sciences Education prospects, achieving sufficient natural science literacy, it‘s worth regarding to the requirements of the Natural Sciences programs and education standards and to use these philosophical trends in which the objects of interest are in some ways related with communication and information technologies: postmodernism, hermeneutics, constructionism and reconstructionism. Key words: philosophy of education, natural science education, content of natural science education.
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Wurtman, Richard J. "Low Doses of Melatonin Promote Sleep Onset and Maintenance in Older People—An Update." US Neurology 10, no. 02 (2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2014.10.02.117.
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Plasma melatonin levels in young adults are about 10-fold higher during the night than during daylight hours, and these high levels promote both the onset of sleep at bedtime and the speedy resumption of sleep after premature nocturnal awakenings. With aging, melatonins nocturnal secretion from the pineal gland declines, as do plasma melatonin levels, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency. A very small dose (0.3 mg) of melatonin is usually sufficient to restore nighttime plasma melatonin levels to those characteristic of young people, and to accelerate the resumption of sleep after premature awakenings. The much larger doses that are marketed can produce side effects that are not observed when the melatonin in the plasma derives solely from its secretion by the pineal. Very high doses may also desensitize melatonins receptors in the brain, subsequently diminishing melatonins efficacy in promoting sleep. This article updates an earlier summary (Richard J Wurtman, Use of melatonin to promote sleep in older people,US Neurology, 2012;8(1):101) of melatonins utility in promoting sleep among older people.
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Maier, Christian, Sven Laumer, Jason Bennett Thatcher, Heshan Sun, Christoph Weinert, and Tim Weitzel. "Social Networking Site Use Resumption: A Model of Return Migration." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 22, no. 4 (2021): 1037–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00688.
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This research explains why individuals resume using social networking sites (SNSs) after terminating their use. Drawing on return migration theory, we developed a theory-driven model of SNS resumption that includes two novel antecedents of SNS resumption behavior: nonuse-related dissatisfaction and use-related satisfaction. We also hypothesize that dispositional resistance to change moderates the impact of nonuse-related dissatisfaction and use-related satisfaction on resumption. We used a mixed methods approach to refine and evaluate the research model. Study 1 used the critical incident method to identify SNS-specific antecedents of nonuse-related satisfaction and use-related satisfaction, allowing us to refine the research model. Study 2 used structural equation modeling to evaluate our research model using two three-wave surveys: one with recent ex-users who recently decided to stop using and delete their profiles on Facebook and one with long-standing ex-users who stopped using and deleted their profiles on Facebook a long time ago. We found support for most relationships in our model: nonuse-related dissatisfaction and use-related satisfaction drive resumption intentions, and dispositional resistance moderates these relationships. Furthermore, we found that the time elapsed since users discontinued Facebook moderated these relationships such that the effect of nonuse-related dissatisfaction on resumption intention is stronger for recent ex-users and the effect of use-related satisfaction is stronger for long-standing ex-users. Our findings advance the understanding of resumption, an understudied behavior of the IT lifecycle and IT use and acceptance research.
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Namasivayam, Vikneswaran, Ganapathy A. Prasad, Lori S. Lutzke, Kelly T. Dunagan, Lynn S. Borkenhagen, Ngozi I. Okoro, Yutaka Tomizawa, Navtej S. Buttar, Wongkeesong Louis Michel, and Kenneth K. Wang. "The Risk of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in the Setting of Clopidogrel Use." ISRN Gastroenterology 2014 (April 27, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/494157.
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Objective. Guidelines on antiplatelet medication use during endoscopy are based on limited evidence. We investigate the risk of bleeding and ischemic events in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of esophageal lesions in the setting of scheduled cessation and prompt resumption of clopidogrel. Design. Single centre retrospective review. Patients. Patients undergoing EMR of esophageal lesions. Interventions. Use of clopidogrel before EMR and resumption after EMR. Patients cease antiplatelets and anticoagulants 7 days before EMR and resume clopidogrel 2 days after EMR in average risk patients. Main Outcomes. Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and ischemic events (IE) within 30 days of EMR. Results. 798 patients underwent 1716 EMR. 776 EMR were performed on patients on at least 1 antiplatelet/anticoagulant (APAC). 17 EMR were performed following clopidogrel cessation. There were 14 GIB and 2 IE. GIB risk in the setting of recent clopidogrel alone (0%) was comparable to those not on APAC (1.1%) (P=1.0). IE risk on clopidogrel (6.3%) was higher than those not on APAC (0.1%) (P=0.03). Limitations. Retrospective study. Conclusions. Temporary cessation of clopidogrel before EMR and prompt resumption is not associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding but may be associated with increased ischemic events.
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Winter, R. J., J. T. Young, M. Stoové, P. A. Agius, M. E. Hellard, and S. A. Kinner. "Resumption of injecting drug use following release from prison in Australia." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 168 (November 2016): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.640.
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Al-Aqarbeh, Rania. "Resumption in Standard Arabic revisited." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i2.4938.
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Objectives: This study investigates prevailing assumptions concerning resumption in Standard Arabic (SA) based on corpus and experimental data. The focus is on the actual use of gap and resumption strategies, sensitivity to islands, and the availability of reconstruction effects in wh-interrogatives and relative clauses.
Methods: To address these issues, two South African (SA) corpora were examined, and both a grammaticality judgment task and a forced-choice task were conducted. The study sample consisted of 70 females and 55 males, ranging in age from 25 to 63 years (with a median age of 48). The task was emailed to the participants, who were instructed to complete it at their convenience and then return it via email to the researcher.
Results: The results reveal that, first, both wh-interrogatives and relative clauses pattern similarly in these issues. Second, both gap and resumption strategies show sensitivity to strong islands. Third, resumption does not ameliorate constructions with strong islands. Fourth, reconstruction is available in the absence of strong islands.
Conclusions: These results imply that both SA constructions are derived via the same movement.
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Wu, Nien-Heng, and Shu-Chuan Tseng. "Form and Function of Connectives in Chinese Conversational Speech." Dialogue & Discourse 14, no. 1 (June 2, 2023): 88–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/dad.2023.104.
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Connectives convey discourse functions that provide textual and pragmatic information in speech communication on top of canonical, sentential use. This paper proposes an applicable scheme with illustrative examples for distinguishing Sentential, Conclusion, Disfluency, Elaboration, and Resumption uses of Mandarin connectives, including conjunctions and adverbs. Quantitative results of our annotation works are presented to gain an overview of connectives in a Mandarin conversational speech corpus. A fine-grained taxonomy is also discussed, but it requires more empirical data to approve the applicability. By conducting a multinomial logistic regression model, we illustrate that connectives exhibit consistent patterns in positional, phonetic, and contextual features oriented to the associated discourse functions. Our results confirm that the position of Conclusion and Resumption connectives orient more to positions in semantically, rather than prosodically, determined units. We also found that connectives used for all four discourse functions tend to have a higher initial F0 value than those of sentential use. Resumption and Disfluency uses are expected to have the largest increase in initial F0 value, followed by Conclusion and Elaboration uses. Durational cues of the preceding context enable distinguishing Sentential use from discourse uses of Conclusion, Elaboration, and Resumption of connectives.
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Priebe, S., O. Liesenfeld, and B. Müller-Oerlinghausen. "Resumption of Benzodiazepine Use After Withdrawal in Hospital - A Follow-up Study*." Pharmacopsychiatry 21, no. 06 (November 1988): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1017006.
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Kvamme, Brita Odland, Kenneth Asplund, and Trond Nergaard Bjerke. "Drinking resumption: problematic alcohol use relapse after rehabilitation. A phenomenological hermeneutical perspective." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 29, no. 4 (April 8, 2015): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/scs.12202.
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Schneegass, Christina, Vincent Füseschi, Viktoriia Konevych, and Fiona Draxler. "Investigating the Use of Task Resumption Cues to Support Learning in Interruption-Prone Environments." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti6010002.
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The ubiquity of mobile devices in peoples’ everyday life makes them a feasible tool for language learning. Learning anytime and anywhere creates great flexibility but comes with the inherent risk of infrequent learning and learning in interruption-prone environments. No matter the length of the learning break, it can negatively affect knowledge consolidation and recall. This work presents the design and implementation of memory cues to support task resumption in mobile language learning applications and two evaluations to assess their impact on user experience. An initial laboratory experiment (N=15) revealed that while the presentation of the cues had no significant effect on objective performance measures (task completion time and error rate), the users still perceived the cues as helpful and would appreciate them in a mobile learning app. A follow-up study (N=16) investigated revised cue designs in a real-world field setting and found that users particularly appreciated our interactive test cue design. We discuss strengths and limitations of our concept and implications for the application of task resumption cues beyond the scope of mobile language learning.
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Snyder, Ronald L. "Resumption of high-dose methotrexate after methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity and carboxypeptidase G2 use." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 64, no. 11 (June 1, 2007): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp060187.
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Oke, Oluwaseyi F., Elizabeth O. Oke, Kola M. Owonikoko, Taiwo W. Oladiran, Adefisoye O. Adewole, Temitope S. Adu, Samson A. Ojedokun, and Ernest O. Orji. "Postpartum sexual activity and contraceptive use among women in a southwest health facility Osun State Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221746.
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Background: The post-partum period presents a risk in unwanted/unplanned conception and often frustrating desire for contraceptive. This study aimed to determine the factors enhancing resumption of sexual intercourse, contraceptive usage and barriers to timely uptake of family planning methods.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 women within 3 to 16 weeks postpartum. Structured questionnaires adopted from similar studies were administered within three months. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.Results: 62.6% (213) of women resumed sexual activity with a mean time of 11.37 weeks±8.85 postpartum. More than one-third 37.6% (80) did so within puerperium and husbands in 78.4% (167) initiated sex. About 50% (107) were on modern contraceptives, whereas only 39.3% (42) were on contraception before their first postpartum sexual experience.Conclusions: There was high rate of resumption of sexual intercourse early in postpartum with less attention on contraceptive usage mostly due to misconceptions surrounding fertility return. Sexual and contraceptive education after delivery is necessary for both mothers and their husbands.
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Gadisa, Tariku Bekela, Mengistu Welday G/Michael, Mihretab Mehari Reda, and Beyene Dorsisa Aboma. "Early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse and its associated risk factors among married postpartum women who visited public hospitals of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): e0247769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247769.
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Introduction Postpartum sexual resumption without the use of contraception is a risk for unintended and closely spaced pregnancies. Although counseling related to the resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse is a key component of postpartum sexual health, it is not widely addressed during the postnatal period. Thus, this study aimed to assess the early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse and its associated risk factors among married postpartum women who visited public hospitals of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia, for child immunization services. Methods The facility-based cross-sectional study design was undertaken, and a systematic random sampling technique was carried out to select 330 participants. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire from August to September 2019. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A bivariate analysis was used to determine the significance of the association. Variables that showed association in the bivariate analysis at p-value <0.2 were fitted into a multivariable logistic regression model to control for confounders, and the significance of association was determined at p-value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Approximately 53.9% of the respondents practiced early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse. Factors such as low income (AOR = 0.19 (95% CI = 0.10-.37)), monogamous marriage 3.78(1.32–10.79), practicing sexual intercourse during pregnancy (AOR = 4.55 (95% CI = 1.29–15.97)), a cesarean delivery (AOR = 0.06 95%CI = (0.03–0.15)) and use of contraceptives (AOR = 3.7(95%CI = 1.92–7.14)) were significantly associated with early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse. Conclusion and recommendation The findings of this study suggested that, most postpartum mothers resumed sexual intercourse during the early postpartum period and its associated risk factors include low income, monogamous marriage, practicing sexual intercourse during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, and use of contraceptives. Discussion with couples about postpartum sexual health during the antenatal and postnatal period is crucial to prevent unwanted pregnancies and adverse health outcomes.
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Craig, L. B., L. Miller, and A. Criniti. "Rapid Resumption of Ovulation and Menstruation Following Continuous Use of the Combination Oral Contraceptive." Fertility and Sterility 83, no. 5 (April 2005): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.033.
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Sirard, M. A., and K. Coenen. "The use of a defined medium to evaluate meiotic resumption of immature bovine oocytes." Theriogenology 39, no. 1 (January 1993): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(93)90169-6.
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Krasowski, Marek J., and John N. Owens. "The use of mitotic index in seedling assessments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-285.
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The daytime pattern of mitotic index (MI) (percent of apical cells undergoing mitosis) in the shoot apex of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce) containerized seedlings was examined and compared for five cultural treatments. From sowing in March until mid-July, all seedlings were grown under an extended, 23-h photoperiod in a common nursery culture. In mid-July, an array of photoperiod treatments was created, ranging from ambient photoperiod and temperature to different levels of short day length and ambient or controlled, constant temperature. Consistency of MI comparisons among the treatments at different specimen collection times was emphasized rather than treatment effects on MI. Specimens were collected four times a day on two dates: when most seedlings in all treatments were initiating bud scales and when most seedlings were initiating leaf primordia. Patterns of MI were different on each of these dates. It is shown that conclusions about treatment effects on MI can be influenced by the sampling protocol and analytical approach. End of the growing season studies of white spruce and P. glauca × Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (white × Sitka spruce hybrid) seedlings grown in a greenhouse culture showed that MI below 1% was well correlated with low (<25%) foliage damage, reasonably correlated with stem tissue damage, and not correlated with bud damage resulting from controlled freezer tests to −18 °C. It is concluded that the MI technique could be useful in lifting-date determination, but different MI thresholds must be established for southern, northern, or coastal seed sources. Monitoring MI was not a good alternative to using days to bud break (testing under forcing conditions) to determine bud dormancy status. However, mitotic reactivation of the apical meristem in seedlings overwintering in a nursery bed occurred earlier in the spring than visible signs of growth reactivation (bud swelling and bud break). Studies of growth resumption of western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn) seedlings in winter revealed that this species would be considered quiescent if tested under a long photoperiod, while under a short photoperiod growth resumption was much slower in early than in mid- and late winter.
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Rwabilimbo, Martin M., Bilikisu R. Elewonibi, Mashavu H. Yussuf, Masanja Robert, Sia E. Msuya, and Michael J. Mahande. "Initiation of postpartum modern contraceptive methods: Evidence from Tanzania demographic and health survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): e0249017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249017.
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Background Postpartum contraceptive use is vital to improve maternal and child survival. It helps to have optimal child spacing, prevent unplanned pregnancies and associated adverse birth outcomes. However, postpartum contraceptive use in Tanzania remains low. Short median interval for resumption to sex after birth among African women has been associated with adverse maternal and child health wellbeing. This study aimed to assess optimal time to contraceptive use and predictors of time to contraceptive use after birth among women of reproductive age in Tanzania. Methods A cross section study using the TDHS 2015–16 data was used. A total of 3775 postpartum women were analyzed. Information on pregnancy, births and contraceptive use were recorded over the previous 5 years with the focus on most recent birth from the contraceptive calendar. Data analysis was performed using Stata 14.0. Analysis accounted for complex survey design. Time to modern contraceptive use after birth was computed using Kaplan Meier estimate. Adjusted time ratios with 95% CI were estimated using Weibull accelerated failure time models. Results A total weighted sample of 3775 women was analyzed. The median time to contraceptive use after birth was 7(IQR: 4–13) months, while for resumption to sex afterbirth was 2(IQR: 1–5) months. Factors such as never been married (TR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.26–2.11) and breastfeeding (TR: 5.50; 95%CI: 4.12–7.35) were associated with longer time to postpartum contraceptive use. Belonging to richest wealth quintile (TR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.54–0.99) and adopting long acting methods (TR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.60–0.82) increased women’s likelihood of having shorter time to postpartum contraceptive use. Conclusion There was a time lag of five months from resumption of sex and initiation of postpartum contraception use. The interceptive measures to facilitate timely availing methods of women’s choice and promotion of utilization of maternal health care services may reduce delays in postpartum contraceptive use.
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Williams, Renee M., Eleni G. Hapidou, and Kimberley L. Cullen. "Use of Self-Efficacy and Resumption of Activities of Daily Living Scales in Chronic Pain." Physiotherapy Canada 55, no. 02 (2003): 087. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6640.2003.37752.
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Vaughan, Barbara, James Trussell, Kathryn Kost, Susheela Singh, and Rachel Jones. "Discontinuation and resumption of contraceptive use: results from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth." Contraception 78, no. 4 (October 2008): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2008.05.007.
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Kawahira, Machiko, Shuji Kanmura, Keiko Mizuno, Kentaro Machida, Takao Ohtsuka, Masami Sato, Hideki Enokida, et al. "Effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy resumption in patients with malignant tumors after moderate-to-severe immune-related adverse events." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 28, 2022): e0267572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267572.
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Background and aims Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used to treat several cancers, but they sometimes induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Patients with irAEs often have improved antitumor responses, but discontinuation of ICIs after irAEs is considered necessary. Resuming the use of ICIs after irAEs is preferable, but few studies have investigated the safety of ICI resumption after irAEs. Therefore, we evaluated the factors associated with the recurrence of irAEs after ICI resumption to investigate the safety of this approach. Methods In this observational study, we enrolled patients treated with ICIs from September 2014 to March 2020 at our institution. Patient characteristics, ICIs, grades of irAEs, ICI discontinuation or resumption rates, and recurrence rates of irAEs after ICI therapy were analysed. Results Two-hundred eighty-seven patients were included in the present study, and 76 patients experienced grade 2 or higher irAEs. Forty-two patients underwent ICI resumption after recovering from irAEs, and 13 of them had a recurrence of irAEs. Among those 13 patients, six had a recurrence of the same irAE, and seven experienced other irAEs. Ten of the 13 patients had grade ≥2 irAEs, and none had fatal irAEs. In the grade 2 or higher irAE group, more patients had irAEs associated with multiple organs and of initial grade ≥2 than those in the grade 1 and no recurrent irAEs group. Conclusions Patients with initial multisystemic irAEs and irAEs of grade ≥2 were more likely to experience relapse or develop new grade ≥2 irAEs after ICI resumption.
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Obispo, Kristoffer Paul C., Darwin P. Paguio, and Anna Theresa M. Amarille. "From Face-to-Screen to Face-to-Face Learning: Students’ Vaccination Status and Willingness for Blended Learning Modality." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, no. 2 (February 23, 2023): 677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.02.34.
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The trend of transitioning back to face-to-face classes from an online, virtual, distance learning and other learning modality during the time of pandemic has started in the Philippines. This study aimed to determine the vaccination status, willingness of the students for the resumption of face-to-face classes as well as parental support or approval of the reopening of in-campus classes. Descriptive design is used in this study with the use of online survey as the primary data gathering method. Using a convenience sampling technique, it garnered 1137 responses at a local college in the Olongapo City, Philippines. Based on the survey result, 84.3% of the students are fully vaccinated with one booster shot while 9.4% are fully vaccinated as of the rollout of this survey. Exactly 50% of the students are willing for the resumption of face-to-face classes, 7.7% are willing with the intention to get vaccinated for the resumption of face-to-face classes. It may seem to have low willingness among the student but among respondents, of about 17.2%, are graduating students, will transfer to another school, and will stop for the next academic year. In terms of parental support and/or approval for the resumption of classes, 64.4% of the parents and guardians showed support to the resumption of in-campus face-to-face classes. Lastly, the result of this survey will serve as an input and basis for the preparation of the academic year 2022-2023 for the blended learning modality with shifting schedule of face-to-face classes.
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Asratie, Melaku Hunie, and Zewudu Andualem. "Predictors of early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse among post-partum period women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): e0271372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271372.
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Background Early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse has an adverse outcome on the health of women and indirectly unintended pregnancy might happen and affects both the health of women and the delivered baby. There is limited evidence that shows predictors at the individual and community level from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess predictors of early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse among post-partum period women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016. Methods This study used an in-depth secondary data analysis of the survey using the 2016 main EDHS. A total weighted sample of 6447 post-partum women who have children aged 0 to 36 months (about 3 years) was included for the analysis. Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was conducted considering the hierarchical nature of the EDHS data. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and deviance [-2 Log-Likelihood Ratio (LRR)] were used for model comparison and for assessing model fitness. In a multivariable analysis adjusted OR with a 95% CI (Confidence Interval) was reported with a p-value <0.05 was used to declare a significant association between the explanatory and the outcome variables. Results The proportion of early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse was found to be 60.41% [95% CI 59.19–61.63]. Women with age group of 25–28 (AOR = 0.8; 95% CI 0.67–0.96), 29–32 (AOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.63–0.98), and 33–49 (AOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.53–0.85), women with sex of child female (AOR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.73–0.92), women whose child is alive (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.38–0.69), women who delivered by cesarean section(AOR = 0.34; 95% CI 0.23–0.49), women with primary educational level (AOR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.09–1.48), women with secondary educational level (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.19–2.17) and women with higher educational level (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.05–2.45), Para 3–4 women (AOR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.21–1.73) and women with grand multi parity (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.29–2), women with fertility desire wanted latter (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.69–0.94), women with fertility desire wanted no more (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.66–1.01), women who are on family planning use (AOR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.05–1.38) and participant with currently on working (AOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69–0.91) were significantly associated with early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse. Conclusions The magnitude of early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse was found to be high. Giving emphasis to the age groups of 25–28, 29–32, and 33–49 women, women with the sex of child female, women who delivered by cesarean section, currently working, the child is live, fertility desire wanted later and no more were suggested to reduce early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse. On the other hand, improved educational attainments of women, women with parity 3–4, and >5, and family planning use were variables to increase early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse. Therefore, the health care providers and program managers should act on early resumption of post-partum sexual intercourse through health education and promotion considering the significant factors.
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Kidd, David G., and Christopher A. Monk. "More is Less: The Effect of Single and Multiple Interleaved Interruptions on Task Resumption." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 4 (October 2007): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100422.
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People experience and handle interruptions on a daily basis. One strategy that people use to manage interruptions is to interleave an interrupting task with a primary task. Past interruptions research has mostly looked at the effects of a single interruption on primary task performance. This study sought to expand on past research by examining primary task performance during a period of interleaved interruptions. In this study, participants experienced either a single interruption or a series of interruptions that increased or decreased in duration. Task resumption in both interleaved interruption conditions was significantly faster than in the single interruption condition. The findings suggest that interleaving interruptions leads to more efficient task resumption than resuming after a single interruption.
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Peyrot, Mark, and Richard R. Rubin. "Factors Associated with Persistence and Resumption of Insulin Pen Use for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 13, no. 1 (January 2011): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2010.0128.
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Christensen, Anthony M., Jennifer L. Pauley, Alejandro R. Molinelli, John C. Panetta, Deborah A. Ward, Clinton F. Stewart, James M. Hoffman, et al. "Resumption of high-dose methotrexate after acute kidney injury and glucarpidase use in pediatric oncology patients." Cancer 118, no. 17 (January 17, 2012): 4321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.27378.
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Ratwani, Raj M., Alyssa E. Andrews, Malcolm McCurry, J. Gregory Trafton, and Matthew S. Peterson. "Using Peripheral Processing and Spatial Memory to Facilitate Task Resumption." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 4 (October 2007): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100421.
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Theories accounting for the process of primary task resumption following an interruption have focused on the suspension and retrieval of a specific goal (Altmann & Trafton, 2002). The ability to recall the spatial location of where in the task one was prior to being interrupted may also be important. We show that being able to maintain a spatial representation of the primary task facilitates task resumption. Participants were interrupted by an instant message window that either partially or fully occluded the primary task interface. Reaction time measures show that participants were faster at resuming in the partial occlusion condition. In addition, eye track data suggest that participants were more accurate at returning to where they left off, suggesting that they were able to maintain a spatial representation of the task and use this information to resume more quickly.
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Bucknam, Ryan B., John P. Scanaliato, Nicholas A. Kusnezov, Kenneth A. Heida, John C. Dunn, and Justin D. Orr. "Return to Weightbearing and High-Impact Activities Following Jones Fracture Intramedullary Screw Fixation." Foot & Ankle International 41, no. 4 (January 6, 2020): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719898278.
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Background: Although the benefit of primary intramedullary (IM) screw fixation of fifth metatarsal Jones fractures in athletes is clear, limited data support its use in conventional patient populations. This study evaluated radiographic and functional outcomes following primary IM screw fixation in a series of Jones fractures to determine if similar excellent outcomes were achievable. Methods: We reviewed the data of 32 consecutive patients who underwent Jones fracture primary IM screw fixation by a single surgeon. Demographic risk factors of interest (age, gender, tobacco use, pertinent medical comorbidities, military service status, and prior nonoperative management) were collected prospectively. Primary outcomes included times to return to full weightbearing, radiographic union, and resumption of high-impact or restriction-free activities. Complications including reoperations were recorded. Categorical data are reported as frequencies, and statistical means with P values are reported for continuous variables. Mean age for the 32 patients was 33.4 years. Results: All 32 fractures healed uneventfully, and at mean follow-up time of 24.2 months, overall patient-reported satisfaction was 100%. Overall mean postoperative outcomes are as follows: 3.7 weeks return to full weightbearing, 10.8 weeks to radiographic union, and 13.0 weeks to resumption of restriction-free activities. Among the risk factors assessed, only preoperative peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) and active duty military service resulted in significantly increased and decreased time to resumption of restriction-free activities, respectively, but did not impact overall weightbearing or union times. Patient age, gender, and tobacco use had no effects on radiographic or functional outcomes. Conclusion: Primary IM screw fixation was a safe, reliable option for all appropriate operative candidates with Jones fractures and may result in similar early weightbearing, osseous healing, and expeditious return to full activities consistently reported in high-level athletes. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
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Joshi, Avni Y., Roshini M. Mullakary, and Vivek N. Iyer. "Successful treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient with asthma." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200044.
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Underlying lung disease, especially asthma, has recently been found to be associated with a higher risk of hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most commonly used controller medications in patients with asthma. It is unclear whether ICS use increases the risk for severe COVID-19 infection. At the current time, asthma organizations are still recommending the continued use of ICS and other asthma medications to minimize the risk of uncontrolled asthma. However, for patients with asthma and who have recovered from COVID-19 infection, the timing of resumption of asthma therapy is equally uncertain. Pulmonary function testing and exhaled oral nitric oxide testing are aerosol-generating procedures and are currently being severely restricted at most health-care facilities. We presented a case of a patient with cough-variant asthma who developed severe COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome with the need for intubation and prolonged mechanical ventilation. We highlighted the potential utility of using COVID-19 RNA detection as well as immunoglobulin G antibody testing to help guide the timing of resumption of asthma therapy.
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Abebe Gelaw, Kelemu, Yibeletal Assefa Atalay, Adisu Yeshambel, Getachew Asmare Adella, Belete Gelaw Walle, Liknaw Bewket Zeleke, and Natnael Atnafu Gebeyehu. "Prevalence and factors associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse among postpartum women: Systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): e0288536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288536.
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Introduction Postpartum sexual health is indicated by a resumption of sexual activity as well as arousal, desire, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction. The issue of resuming sexual intercourse after childbirth has received limited attention because healthcare professionals rarely provide adequate care to postnatal women. The present study aimed to ascertain the overall prevalence of early resumption of sexual intercourse among most women. Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and the Cochrane Library. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and STATA version 14 was used for analysis. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot, Egger, and Begg regression tests. A p-value of 0.05 was regarded to indicate potential publication bias. Using I2 statistics, the heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated. By country, a subgroup analysis was conducted. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of each study’s findings on the overall estimate. The random effects model was used to assess the overall effect of the study and then measured using prevalence rates and odds ratio with 95% CI. Results Twenty-one studies with 4,482 postpartum women participants were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of early resumption sexual intercourse among post-partum women was 57.26% (95% CI 50.14, 64.39) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.2%; P-value ≤ 0.000) observed. Current contraceptive use (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.03, 6.21), primipara (AOR = 2.88, 95%CI = 1.41, 5.89), and no history of severe genital injury on the last delivery (AOR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.05, 4.93) were significantly associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse. Conclusion This study found that more than half of women resumed sexual intercourse early after giving birth. This suggests that a significant number of women may be at higher risk of unwanted pregnancies, short birth intervals, and postpartum sepsis. Thus, stakeholders should improve the integration of postpartum sexual education with maternal health services to reduce the resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse.
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TRUBEI, Oksana, Iryna HANECHKO, and Kostyantyn AFANASYEV. "Retail in times of war: resumption of business activity." SCIENTIA FRUCTUOSA 151, no. 5 (October 13, 2023): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/1.2023(151)06.
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Retail trade, as the final stage of the movement of goods, plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of the state’s economy and the well-being of its population. In the conditions of war, the uninterrupted operation of retail enterprises has become the foundation for the survival and further development of manufacturing enterprises in the FMCG market and a guarantee of food security in Ukraine. During the war, domestic retail underwent specific stages of survival and development, responding to external challenges in unique ways and employing unconventional approaches and solutions to overcome them. The aim of the article is to determine the life trajectory of retail during the war, systematize the approaches of domestic retailers to adaptation and business activity recovery. In the research general scientific methods, including theoretical generalization, systematization, and grouping; abstraction, analysis, and synthesis; statistical method; deduction and induction methods were used. The main challenges of retail in various spheres of activity were considered, and survival and recovery methods under heightened political risks were generalized. A life trajectory of the trading business in times of war has been constructed, encompassing four main stages driven by the dynamics and contradictions of changes in the trading business’s external environment. Ways to overcome (reduce the negative impact) retail challenges in the conditions of martial law were systematized. It has been established that the key principles of survival and development for retail in the context of full-scale war in Ukraine are flexibility, maneuverability, adaptability, and the use of a situational approach to overcome unforeseen challenges. Systematizing the positive experience of restoring business activity in retail during times of war allows its direct application or adaptation for various market segments, industries, and individual enterprises in the dynamic nature of changes.
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Owonikoko, Kola, Adeolu Adeoye, Aramide Tijani, and Adetunji Adeniji. "Determinants of resumption of vaginal intercourse in puerperium period in Ogbomoso: consideration for early use of contraceptives." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, no. 4 (2014): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/2320-1770.ijrcog20141236.
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