Academic literature on the topic 'Resumptive use'
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Journal articles on the topic "Resumptive use"
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AlQurashi, Issa, and Salih Alzahrani. "A Minimalist Account of Free Relative Clauses in Zahrani Spoken Arabic." International Journal of English Linguistics 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v14n1p44.
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This paper explores the syntax of free relative clauses in Zahrani Spoken Arabic (henceforth ZSA). The paper shows that ZSA possesses two types of free relative clauses, viz., nominal free relative clauses and adverbial free relative clauses. The focus of the paper is on nominal free relative clauses. It is shown that nominal free relative clauses can appear in a subject position and a direct object position, and the range of relativization involves subject, direct object, indirect object, prepositional object and possessor relativization. The derivation of free relatives in ZSA involves resumption relativization strategy only where gaps are treated as null resumptive pronouns. As for distribution of null and overt resumptive clitics, there is an alternation between the use of null and overt resumptive pronouns/clitics in subject and direct object position. However, the utilization of overt resumptive pronouns/clitics is mandatory in indirect object, prepositional object and possessor position. It is argued that the free relative markers illi: and mi:n are complementizers. Furthermore, as null and overt resumptive clitics exhibit a big resemblance with respect to their behaviour in the coordinate structures and parasitic gaps, both free relatives with null or resumptive pronouns/clitics involve a null operator movement (in non-island contexts) from inside the free relative clause to the specifier of a complementizer phrase (spec CP). The CP is adjoined to a null antecedent occupying the head of a noun phrase (NP) which is a complement of a determiner phrase (DP) with an empty D.
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Links, Meta, Ans van Kemenade, and Stefan Grondelaers. "Correlatives in earlier English: Change and continuity in the expression of interclausal dependencies." Language Variation and Change 29, no. 3 (October 2017): 365–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394517000187.
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AbstractA construction very widely used in Old English and Old Germanic more broadly are correlatives introduced by an adverbial or conditional subclause, as in When you've done your homework, (then) you can come back (Old English: ‘…, then can you come back’). Correlatives originate from a paratactic clause structure, making use of resumptive adverbs such as then belonging to the Old Germanic series of demonstrative adverbs, whose syntactic niche was the clause-initial position, particularly in Verb Second main clauses. Paratactic structure in correlatives is diagnosed by the presence of a resumptive adverb. We show that the correlative use of resumptive adverbs is sensitive to both clause-internal and clause-external variables: mood, subclause-internal particles, negation, subject type, subclause weight, text type, translation. Correlatives decline from late Old English onward. Although it may seem tempting to attribute this to the loss of Verb Second in English, it resulted primarily from the loss of the original Germanic resumptive adverbs.
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Thielemann, Werner. "Zum diachronen Wandel der phorischen Markierung beim katalanischen Relativum." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 11 (July 1, 1998): 120–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.1998.120-149.
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The grammatical area of the relatives has a rather large variety of forms and possibilities of expression. Pronouns inherited from Latin can summarize the morphological and grammatical categories of the antecedent noun, they have the function of a resumptive. They allow the variation of the phoric configurations between the antecedent and the relative pronoun. However, in Catalan, there has been a remarkable change in the forms of expression from the 12th/13th centuries to the present day.
Historically, as can be seen in the comparison with Latin, there has been a permanent reduction and corruption of the phoric marks (j-marking) to the neutral marking of subject and direct complement in que. With this, the function of the resumptive is eliminated. Nowadays, the situation of Catalan is comparable to that of Spanish and Portuguese. What marks the Catalan changes in the area of the relative, is the fact that the loss of the resumptive is accompanied by strategies of functional deviation that are highly interesting from the linguistic point of view.
As a typological consequence of the loss of the resumptive, today's Catalan prefers contact positions for the simple relatives. The uses in distance require the use of complex relatives: el qual, la qual, etc, which are considered heavy, inelegant and complicated.
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Verhaar, John W. M. "The Function of I in Tok Pisin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 231–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.6.2.04ver.
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The use of the Tok Pisin particle i, traditionally known as the "predicate marker," is shown to be overwhelmingly subject to two constraints, i.e., that of "nondeictic" use (as controlled by subject arguments), and that of "resumptive" use, with the latter sometimes overriding the former. Here, nondeictic means any nonpronominal or pronominal nonfirst and nonsecond person NP. The hypothesis concerning the first constraint seems weakened by apparent counterevidence in the use of i as triggered by -pela pronouns, by the failure of prima facie nondeictic subjects in equa-tional constructions to trigger the use of i, and by the use of i with follow-up verbs in serial constructions and with downstairs verbs in causative constructions. However, all these apparent exceptions are shown either to serve primarily resumptive rules or to be in fact compatible with the non-deixis rule. A corollary reviews openness of i to reanalysis as a copula.
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Agulló, Jorge. "Las oraciones de relativo predicativas en español: pronombres reasuntivos y variación dialectal." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 138, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2022-0005.
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Abstract Predicative or pronominal relative clauses in Spanish take a pronominal category as their head. These configurations show some grammatical traits and a geographical variation which have not yet been inquiried into. These structures, as it is argued in this paper, may host two different types of resumptive pronouns: what will be called asymmetric resumption, triggered by subject-object asymmetries; and resumption as a case-matching mechanism, available in non-matching semi-free relative clauses. As for the head of the construction, dialects of Peninsular Spanish are grouped into those which resort to the explicit pronoun and those which show a propensity to use the implicit pronominal category. The variant headed by the implicit pronoun is similar in some respects to relative clause extraposition, but some new data are brought to the fore that distinguish one construction from the other.
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Fleischer, Jürg. "Eastern Yiddish Relative Clauses in an Areal Perspective: An Analysis Based on the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 34, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542721000143.
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Despite a vast literature on Yiddish relative clauses, their linguistic and geographical aspects have often been neglected. Based on data from the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry (JCAAJ), the areal distribution of subject and oblique relative clauses is analyzed for the first time. I show that vos ‘that; what’, which also introduces non-relative complement clauses, is the most common element to introduce subject relative clauses, whereas in oblique relative clauses, the pronoun velx- ‘which’ predominates. This contrast suggests a division of labor between nonpronominal and pronominal elements depending on the syntactic role of the relativized NP. As to the areal aspect, vos accompanied by a resumptive personal pronoun is primarily used in Central Eastern and Southeastern Yiddish, whereas nonrelative comple-mentizing vos is typical of Southeastern and central Northeastern Yiddish. These areal distributions mirror patterns of coterritorial Slavic languages: The more widespread use of nonrelative complementizing vos is reminiscent of the corresponding use of Ukrainian ščo and Belarusian što ‘what; that’, whereas the preference for resumptive personal pronouns is observed in Polish and Ukrainian. Comparatively recent convergence with Slavic seems to play a role in the emergence of resumptive pronouns and nonrelative complementizing vos in the varieties of Yiddish.*
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Fleischer, Jürg. "Eastern Yiddish Relative Clauses in an Areal Perspective: An Analysis Based on the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 34, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542721000143.
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Despite a vast literature on Yiddish relative clauses, their linguistic and geographical aspects have often been neglected. Based on data from the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry (JCAAJ), the areal distribution of subject and oblique relative clauses is analyzed for the first time. I show that vos ‘that; what’, which also introduces non-relative complement clauses, is the most common element to introduce subject relative clauses, whereas in oblique relative clauses, the pronoun velx- ‘which’ predominates. This contrast suggests a division of labor between nonpronominal and pronominal elements depending on the syntactic role of the relativized NP. As to the areal aspect, vos accompanied by a resumptive personal pronoun is primarily used in Central Eastern and Southeastern Yiddish, whereas nonrelative comple-mentizing vos is typical of Southeastern and central Northeastern Yiddish. These areal distributions mirror patterns of coterritorial Slavic languages: The more widespread use of nonrelative complementizing vos is reminiscent of the corresponding use of Ukrainian ščo and Belarusian što ‘what; that’, whereas the preference for resumptive personal pronouns is observed in Polish and Ukrainian. Comparatively recent convergence with Slavic seems to play a role in the emergence of resumptive pronouns and nonrelative complementizing vos in the varieties of Yiddish.*
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Abdollahnejad, Elias, and Hamideh Marefat. "Relative clauses in Persian." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00001.abd.
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Abstract This study is a corpus-based investigation of Persian relative clauses (RCs) used in written mode. 535 instances of RCs occurring in 1634 sentences in 40 editorials of four newspapers published in Iran were spotted and analyzed to determine the frequency of each RC type and the occurrence of certain features including complementizer ke, object marker râ, different representations of the relativised element in the modifying clause, and the status of gap and resumptive pronoun in the RC. The results indicated that subject RCs are the most frequent types. The tendency to use object marker râ before the modifying RC (Karimi, 2001) was confirmed. Besides, some tokens were witnessed contrasting Taghvaipour’s (2005) proposals on the ungrammaticality of resumption in Persian subject ordinary and object free RCs and the necessity of prefix hær- ‘ever’ in all Persian free RCs.
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Bassi, Itai, and Ezer Rasin. "Equational-intensional relative clauses with syntactic representation." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 60 (January 1, 2018): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.60.2018.459.
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Analyses of scope reconstruction typically fall into two competing approaches: ‘semanticreconstruction’, which derives non-surface scope using semantic mechanisms, and ‘syntacticreconstruction’, which derives it by positing additional syntactic representations at thelevel of Logical Form. Grosu and Krifka (2007) proposed a semantic-reconstruction analysisfor relative clauses like the gifted mathematician that Dan claims he is, in which the relativehead NP can be interpreted in the scope of a lower intensional quantifier. Their analysis relieson type-shifting the relative head into a predicate of functions. We develop an alternativeanalysis for such relative clauses that replaces type-shifting with syntactic reconstruction. Thecompeting analyses diverge in their predictions regarding scope possibilities in head-externalrelative clauses. We use Hebrew resumptive pronouns, which disambiguate a relative clausein favor of the head-external structure, to show that the prediction of syntactic reconstructionis correct. This result suggests that certain type-shifting operations are not made available byUniversal Grammar.Keywords: relative clauses, scope, reconstruction, type-shifting, de dicto, intensional quantifiers,binding, resumptive pronouns.
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Joo, Youngsook. "A Study on the Acquisition of Relative Clauses and Syntactic Properties of Native English - Speaking Children." British and American Language and Literature Association of Korea 148 (March 30, 2023): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21297/ballak.2023.148.193.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the early language acquisition of relative clauses and the internal syntactic properties of native English - speaking children from the perspective of Minimalist Program. The methods of this study are based on Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995, 2008) and Theory of Parameter (Chomsky 1981, Hyams 1986, 2011, Rizzi 1990). Early relative clauses differ from the adult grammar, in two respects: first, pied - piping in relative clauses is absent. Children produce relatives with preposition stranding, an option available in their target language. Radford (2004) suggested that relative that in child relative clauses is a relative clause complementizer rather than a relative pronoun. The second feature of early relative clauses is the use of resumptive pronouns. English - speaking children accepted resumptive pronouns at a significantly higher rate than adults in all contexts for which gaps were grammatical (McKee and McDaniel 2001). In this study, the properties of relative clauses in child language reflect the process of developing language faculty.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Resumptive use"
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Zhao, Liping. "Analyse de la structure en préposition + quoi en emploi résomptif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030058.
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Cette thèse présente une étude sur le fonctionnement de la structure en prép. + quoi, caractérisée par son emploi syntaxique, sémantique et discursif. Les groupes prép. + quoi étudiés sont ceux représentant le circonstant extra-prédicatif de phrase, comme après quoi, à cause de quoi, moyennant quoi, au lieu de quoi, etc. Ils se distinguent des groupes prép. + quoi en tant que compléments essentiels (par exemple à quoi) et circonstants intra-prédicatifs (par exemple en quoi) articulés à un verbe. L’étude effectuée part d’un corpus de textes littéraires publiés entre 1950 et 2018, répertoriés dans Frantext. Par rapport aux autres structures comme prép. + cela / ça, la structure en prép. + quoi a des emplois syntaxiques spécifiques, représentés par sa position en début d’énoncé. Il est intéressant de constater que quoi reprend souvent une situation (un procès) ou plusieurs situations, une entité abstraite de sens vague, etc. Ces référents sont représentés par différents types de segments : une unité prédicative, plusieurs unités prédicatives, un groupe nominal prédicatif, etc., ce qui est propre à un emploi résomptif. Quoi ne renvoie pas à un nom identifié, mais plutôt à du non nommé, non classifié. L’emploi résomptif de quoi permet à la structure de jouer un rôle discursif. Nous distinguons cinq valeurs discursives (temps, causalité, concession, opposition et hypothèse) des groupes prép. + quoi et nous examinons leurs propriétésThis thesis presents a study of the functioning of the preposition + quoi structure, characterized by its syntactic, semantic, and discursive use. We analyze the prep. + quoi groups representing the extra-predicative circumstance of a sentence, such as après quoi, à cause de quoi, moyennant quoi, au lieu de quoi, etc. They differ from the prep. + quoi used as essential complements (e.g. à quoi) and intra-predicative circumstances (e.g. en quoi) articulated to a verb. This research is based on a corpus of literary texts, published between 1950 and 2018, listed in Frantext. Compared to other groups such as prep + cela / ça, the prep + quoi structure has specific syntactic uses, characterized by its position at the beginning of the statement. It is interesting to note that quoi often refers to a situation (a process), several situations, or an abstract entity of vague meaning, etc. These referents are represented by different syntactic forms and by different types of segments : a predicative unit, several predicative units, a predicative nominal group, etc., which are specific to a resumptive use. Quoi does not refer to an identified noun, but rather to the unnamed, unclassified. The resumptive use of quoi allows the structure to play a discursive role. We distinguish five discourse values (tense, causality, concession, opposition, and hypothesis) of prepositional groups + quoi and we examine their properties
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Chan, Chi-wa, and 陳治華. "Use of GIS for land resumption projects in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30110622.
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Mo, Sun-yuen. "A study of the Hong Kong Government's land resumption policy." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18595418.
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Mo, Sun-yuen, and 武申源. "A study of the Hong Kong Government's land resumption policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965647.
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Aguezzal-Lyassi, Naima. "La dislocation à gauche en anglais et en arabe standard. Une approche comparative." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030043.
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Cette thèse fournit une étude comparative des constructions disloquées à gauche en anglais et en arabe standard (AS). À la lumière des cadres théoriques récents, nous examinons la syntaxe et les propriétés discursives de la dislocation à gauche en AS que nous comparons avec leurs équivalents en anglais. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des propriétés syntaxiques translinguistiques des constructions placées dans la périphérie gauche. Il est soutenu notamment que l’anglais et l’AS partagent beaucoup de similarités syntaxiques. Une typologie prenant en compte des faits constatés dans les structures disloquées à gauche AS est proposée. La seconde partie est consacrée à la résomptivité dans les constructions disloquées à gauche. Il est démontré que le résomptif dans la HTLD est un pronom indépendant étant donné qu’il n y a aucune exigence syntaxique pour l’élément disloqué d'être présent. De même, il est soutenu que l’optionalité du résomptif dans la CLD est mieux expliquée en termes discursifs. Dans la troisième partie, nous proposons que les constructions CLD en AS suivent le même modèle que les CLD en anglais, en ce qu'elles expriment une fonction de Focus contrastif préétabli dans le discours. De même, nous soutenons que les HTLD en AS sont analogues aux données translinguistiques en ce sens que ce sont des entités discursives de saillance préalable, étant déjà présentes dans la conscience du locuteur. En outre, nous démontrons que l’insertion du PR dans la CLD II n’est ni facultative, ni n’émane d’effets de spécificité / référentialité ; il s'agit plutôt d'un dispositif discursif qui promeut l’élément disloqué au statut de TopiqueIn this thesis, I offer a comparative approach to Left-dislocation constructions in both standard Arabic (SA) and English. Under recent theoretical developments, I investigate the syntax and the discourse properties of constructions involving left-dislocation in SA and compare them with their English counterparts. In the first part, I discuss the syntactic properties of SA left-dislocation and compare them with cross-lingusitic CLLD, HTLD, and Topicalization. A further comparison between SA and English Left-dislocation is presented provides an important ground for an evaluation of the SA data. A new classification of Left-dislocated structures, which takes into account SA and English data, is offered. In the second part, I investigate the status of resumptives in both HTLD and CLD. I claim that in HTLD, the RP is a syntactically non-connected argument but a pragmatically “connected” referential pronoun, provided the HTLDed is salient enough in discourse. It is further argued that resumptives and gaps in CLD are not in free variation. In the third part, it is proven that SA CLD left-dislocation constructions pattern alike with English data at the discourse level. Likewise, it is argued that the absence of resumptives in CLD I does not promote the CLDed element to a Topic status. It is only the overt coreference of a RP with a discourse-linked antecedent in CLD II that renders the CLDed salient in discourse thereby promoting it to a Topic status
Books on the topic "Resumptive use"
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Palmer, Henry. A report on the Norwegian strategy to gain international legitimacy for its resumption of commercial whaling: An example of the political and economic use of cultural representations. Bath: Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, 1997.
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Resumption of the July 16, 2014 full committee hearing, "White House Office of Political Affairs: is supporting candidates and campaign fund-raising an appropriate use of a government office?: Hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, July 25, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.
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Larney, Sarah, Mark Stoové, and Stuart A. Kinner. Substance Use After Release from Prison. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses the substantial proportion of prisoners globally who have a history of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and dependence. Incarceration usually provides a period of abstinence or reduced substance use, but this reduction is often transientand many ex-prisoners rapidly return to pre-incarceration levels of substance use. Substance use after release from prison is affected by both individual factors, such as substance use history and personal expectations, and interpersonal factors, such as social networks. Released prisoners often return to environments in which drugs are readily available and substance use is accepted or normative. Structural factors, such as poor access to substance use treatment and other health services, unstable housing and limited employment options, can create additional stressors that increase the risk of harmful substance use. Given the paucity of epidemiological evidence, the natural history of substance use after release from prison remains poorly understood. In particular, there is a dearth of evidence relating to resumption of alcohol, tobacco, and non-injecting illicit drug use following release from prison. Furthermore, although substance use in ex-prisoners is affected by structural and interpersonal factors, interventions to address problematic substance use typically focus on the individual. Additional research in this area is urgently needed to inform evidence-based policies and interventions.
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Hinshelwood, R. D. Projection and Introjection. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.34.
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Psychiatry straddles a medical approach to the mentally ill, and a dynamic approach to the experiences of severely disturbed people. One consequence of this is that ethical principles apply in different ways. The understanding of processes known as introjection, projection, and splitting seriously disrupt the functioning of a person and his ability to make adequate, responsible decisions. Severe mental illness can be regarded as the disruption of a moral agent, and in a sense treatment has to focus on the resumption of those functions that enable the person to take responsibility again. This chapter explores the ethics of the person’s loss of his personal functioning. Paternalism does not have a free rein, and needs to be carefully used as it supplants autonomy. Over-extended paternalistic care leads to excessive depletion of the patient, and was apparent in the old mental hospital as it still is in contemporary community care as specific organizational dynamics.
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Travieso-Diaz, Matias F. The Laws and Legal System of a Free-Market Cuba. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187868.
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The re-entry of foreign-based businesses into Cuba will require a complete overhaul of Cuba's laws and legal institutions. It will also require enactment of major new legislation there, designed to enable and facilitate modern business transactions. Travieso-Diaz identifies these necessary legal, political, and economic changes, integrating legal and economic concepts in a way that businesspeople can understand and use in determining when it will be safe for them to reestablish business ties with Cuba. An important, readable resource for corporate management and their academic colleagues specializing in international business, trade, and investment. Using a practical, results-oriented approach, Travieso-Diaz organizes his book into three parts. In Part One, he discusses the specific political and economic changes that must occur and how U.S. policy must be modified to permit resumption of commerce between the two countries. Part Two covers the main legal concerns of a foreign business entity seeking to invest in Cuba, such as the resolution of property confiscation claims by U.S. and Cuban nationals, the enactment of a suitable foreign investment law, and the development of a program for the privatization of state-owned enterprises. Part Three surveys other legal issues important to foreign investors and to others who prefer trade with Cuba, rather than investment in it. Travieso-Diaz also provides checklists of changes that must occur in each area he covers—trade, investment, privatization—to provide business decisionmakers with a way of determining when it makes sense to enter the Cuban market. He also identifies the laws that the Cuban government must enact, and the most favorable form they should take, to encourage full participation from other nations.
Book chapters on the topic "Resumptive use"
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Milani, Sara. "Strategie di relativizzazione in russo." In Le lingue slave tra struttura e uso, 225–42. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-328-5.13.
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This article is dedicated to relativization in contemporary Russian and provides an overview of the main Russian morphosyntactic relativization strategies (Cinque 2013). The study describes the typological variety of Russian RCs, using data taken from the National Corpus and tested with native speakers’ judgments. Three criteria have been adopted to examine Russian RCs: the cross-linguistic linear orders of RC and Noun Head (Dryer 2005), the presence of a resumptive pronoun in the relativization site (Lavine 2003) and, finally, the inflectional completeness of the RC (finite/ non-finite RCs).
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Scheibenbogen, Oliver, and Michael Musalek. "The Will to Beauty as a Therapeutic Agent: Aesthetic Values in the Treatment of Addictive Disorders." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 59–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_7.
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AbstractAddiction and its comorbid disorders lead not only to massive losses in lifestyle but also to a loss of values. On the other hand, therapy and thus healing always means a resumption of the value discussion. In the present case vignette, the change in values of an alcohol-dependent woman and her turn to the beautiful in the sense of a resource-oriented therapy are described. Enjoying beautiful things led the patient to increase the self-efficacy expectation; at the same time, it was the initial step to emerge from the victim role and to start a self-responsible life again. The Will to Beauty is an integral part of the Orpheus Programme, a resource-oriented therapy for treating substance use disorders and behavioural addictions.
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Bianchi, Valentina. "Resumptive Relatives and LF Chains." In The Structure of CP and IP, 76–114. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159486.003.0004.
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Abstract Many languages use resumptive relativization as a normal strategy alongside “gap” relativization. An important question is under which conditions either strategy is adopted. Recent research has concentrated mainly on the distribution of resumptive pronouns along the NP Accessibility Hierarchy proposed by Keenan and Comrie (1977): it has been pointed out that cross-linguistically, gap relativization tends to occur in the highest positions of the hierarchy, whereas resumptive pronouns tend to be obligatory in the lower oblique positions. In some languages, however, the two strategies seem to freely alternate in the subject and direct object position.
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Casalicchio, Jan, and Federica Cognola. "On the Syntax of Fronted Adverbial Clauses in Two Tyrolean Dialects: The Distribution of Resumptive Semm." In Adverbial Resumption in Verb Second Languages, 81—C3.N27. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197651148.003.0004.
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Abstract This chapter discusses adverbial resumption in two Tyrolean dialects, Meranese and Mòcheno, which represent two privileged environments for investigations on microvariation. We show that certain classes of fronted adverbials are resumed in both languages by the resumptive element semm (lit. “there, then”), which behaves semantically like a generalized resumptive because it is used with a variety of adverbial clauses. However, unlike the Norwegian generalized resumptive studied by Christine Meklenborg, semm is a maximal category and cannot resume nominal arguments. We demonstrate that resumption with semm is limited to central adverbial clauses (e.g. temporal clauses), while peripheral adverbial clauses (e.g. adversative clauses) cannot be resumed. These restrictions are shown to depend on semantics in Meranese but on syntactic reasons in Mòcheno. Moreover, we discuss additional differences in the syntax of semm in the two languages, which we claim ultimately depend on the fact that Meranese is a strict V2 language, while Mòcheno is a relaxed V2 language that allows V3 and V4 orders in some configurations.
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Davis, William L. "The King Follett Sermon." In Visions in a Seer Stone, 59–88. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655666.003.0005.
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Chapter Four provides a detailed analysis of Joseph Smith's famous funeral sermon, the King Follett discourse. The auditors' notes for this sermon reveal Smith's semi-extemporaneous preaching technique, which combines advanced preparation in the general outline of the sermon with the extemporaneous delivery of words in the moment of performance. The sermon also reveals Smith's familiarity with the common "doctrine and use" sermon pattern, as well as his use of resumptive repetition, concealed heads, and mnemonic cues. Turning to the sermon notes of Baptist preacher Abraham Marshall, the chapter continues with a discussion of mnemonic cues by illustrating the preaching technique of creating condensed, succinct sermon outlines, known as short notes, briefs, or sketches, which preachers extemporaneously amplified into fully developed sermons in the moment of performance. Finally, the chapter explores how Methodist preachers adapted these preaching techniques to structure their written compositions, with an emphasis on spiritual autobiographies. These oral and written techniques provide a historical context for understanding how Joseph Smith applied the same methodology in the construction and oral composition of the Book of Mormon.
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Manetta, Emily. "Resumptive Pronouns in Romani Relative Clauses." In Rarely Used Structures and Lesser-Studied Languages, 66–82. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429280917-4.
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Meklenborg, Christine. "Resumptive structures in a Gallo-Romance perspective." In Variation and Change in Gallo-Romance Grammar, 41–70. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840176.003.0003.
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Old French and old Occitan both have access to the resumptive particle SI that occurs in second position of the clause, between a fronted constituent and the finite verb. In this paper, the information-structural properties of the particle are compared and it is shown that it may be used to introduce new information in old Occitan, an option that is not available in old French. Further, an analysis for SI is proposed. It is suggested that SI may be both a head and a phrase, something which has consequences for the analysis of the fronted element of the clause.
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De Cat, CéCile. "Diagnostics for dislocated elements." In French Dislocation, 4–62. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230471.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter establishes the empirical basis of my investigation into the interpretive and syntactic properties of dislocated structures in spoken French. It opens with a discussion of what the term ‘spoken French’ covers. The following two sections assess the extent to which prosody and the presence of a resumptive element can be used as diagnostics for dislocated structures in this language.
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Poletto, Cecilia. "Why Is It So? An Analysis of the V3 Cases after sí in Old Italian." In Adverbial Resumption in Verb Second Languages, 267—C10.N8. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197651148.003.0011.
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Abstract In this chapter, I analyze specific sets of V3 where the second constituent is the adverb sí “so” in Old Italian. This construction is used as a picklock to show that the type of V2 phenomenology found in this language is peculiar. Old Italian V2 is different from what has been assumed in the literature for Germanic, since it appears to obey pragmatic restrictions in addition to the well-studied syntactic ones. In order to show this, I analyze sí has a deictic component, as its etymological source suggests. As such, it can function as a resumptive adverb for scene-setting elements, in particular temporal and consecutive embedded clauses.
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Bledsoe, Caroline, and Allan G. Hill. "Social Norms, Natural Fertility, and the Resumption of Postpartum ‘Contact’ in The Gambia." In The Methods and Uses of Anthropological Demography, 268–97. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198293378.003.0013.
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Abstract Social scientists have long treated normative prescriptions for behaviour as keys to maintaining social order, and departure from these norms as the root of social pathology. Even the father of demography himself, T. R. Malthus, began, after his initial prophesy of population catastrophe (1798), to place more cheerful confidence in the potentials of norms to check population increase—specifically, conjugal norms that supported premarital sexual restraint and discouraged marriage by individuals who could not yet support a family. Malthus, of course, was a minister of the Church as well as an economist and mathematician, so it is perhaps not surprising that he would find hope in normative solutions, especially those with religious backing. Since his time, demography has been adopted more by sociology than by any other field, and normative approaches familiar to sociology and anthropology have dominated many of its explanatory frameworks. Thus, fertility patterns in developing countries are commonly attributed to the influence of traditions or values that entail certain behaviour patterns, while changes in fertility are commonly attributed to the influence of new norms, often those iraparted by Western education, which supplant local norms with modern cosmopolitan ones.
Conference papers on the topic "Resumptive use"
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Toreini, Peyman, Moritz Langner, and Alexander Maedche. "Use of attentive information dashboards to support task resumption in working environments." In ETRA '18: 2018 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3204493.3208348.
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Fuller, Helen, Timothy Arnold, Michael O Neil, and Darren Wilson. "Activities to Promote Resilience During Health Information System Transitions." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003487.
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Health information systems are ubiquitous in modern medicine. They are sometimes involved in problems with the delivery of care, and this seems to be especially prevalent when transitioning to a new system. Resilience is the ability of systems to respond to unexpected demands or circumstances to allow resumption or continuation of normal operations. We propose that some methods and techniques commonly used in human factors and usability work may promote system resilience, which may be especially important during times of transition. Examples include contextual inquiry, task analysis, risk assessment, and trade-off studies. These activities help people understand and communicate context of use and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the difference between work-as-done (WAD) and work-as-imagined (WAI), as well as navigate risks and benefits when making decisions regarding system changes.
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Yasseri, Sirous F., and Jake Prager. "Explosion Recurrence Modelling." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51048.
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This paper describes a recurrence law for explosions. The proposed recurrence law fits quite well to the historic explosion data in residential buildings as well as to the data on offshore installations in the North Sea. Generally quantified explosion risk assessment is performed for offshore installations, since it is believed historic data does not correspond to a specific installation and it may not be appropriate for use in performance based explosion engineering, which may in itself require realistic load description of explosion recurrence. The goodness-of-fit of the model for explosion occurrence data obtained using the quantified risk assessment method is also discussed. The paper then introduces the concept of performance-based design, which is an attempt to design structures with predictable performance under explosion loading. Performance objectives such as life safety, collapse prevention, or immediate resumption of operation are used to define the state of an installation following a design explosion. The recurrence law is then used to associate a level of explosion load to each limit state using a desirable level of probability of exceedance during the installations life time.
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Murray, Mark. "Technology Dependence Beyond Control Systems." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0366.
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Operations has grown beyond relying only on SCADA infrastructure — can you operate without your non-scada infrastructure? As the operator of the world’s longest and most complex liquids pipeline, Enbridge Pipelines Inc. relies heavily on automated systems to control, monitor, maintain our pipeline system. As the scope of automation continues to expand beyond the SCADA control system, so to does the dependence on ancillary computer applications such as pipeline scheduling, electronic ticketing, nominations and oil accounting. Uninterrupted operation of the pipeline system now depends on an increasingly complex electronic infrastructure and new levels of reliability are required from this infrastructure. This paper will describe the inherent risks as we continue to increase the automation of pipelining functions such as scheduling, oil accounting and electronic ticketing. We will discuss the type of technological threats (system failure, design flaws, security) and the strategies adopted by Enbridge for mitigating each of them. Further to the risks, this paper will explore the infrastructure components where exceptional risk mitigation is required, and the measures that Enbridge has taken to minimize the risks associated with those components. Specific areas to be analysed include; wide and local area networks, power and environmental systems, system clustering, hot and cold standby systems, network segment isolation and system backup solutions. Attention will also be paid to the increasing dependence on shared infrastructure services such as the Internet and telecommunications. For each of these technology areas, we will discuss the level of adoption within Enbridge, and the value proposition for these decisions. We will attempt to answer the questions; Why go that far? Why not go further? Finally, we will discuss the technology infrastructure requirements for business resumption. We will discuss system and site redundancy alternatives employed by Enbridge, the challenges involved in establishing business resumption plans, and how they are used by Enbridge to minimize the operational risk to our pipeline.
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Sneed, Rosie A. "Thinking Outside of the Academic Box." In 2nd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference: Higher Education During Pandemics. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.135.9.
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has posed major challenges to education at all levels. Both instructors and students have had to adjust to learning on virtual platforms such as Blackboard. Moving traditional courses online while maintaining high academic standards can be difficult, especially with hands-on laboratory courses. We believed that we could achieve this goal by “thinking outside of the academic box”. The Blackboard learning management system had a number of features we had not used in the face-to-face environment, including the creation of wikis as a substitute for in-class presentations, and journaling as a substitute for paper laboratory reports. Combining these features with the content-rich resources of YouTube and various online educational resources (OER), we developed learning opportunities that met the objectives of two laboratory science courses. We believe this new combination of educational resources should be retained after the resumption of face-to-face instruction.
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Ahmad Zaini, Ahmad Hafizi, Ahmad Luqman Johan, M. Shahril Majid Allapitchai, William Sin Yoong Liew, Sattiyaraju Sellapan, El Khalil Mohamed M’Bareck Heboul, Mohd Hairi Abdul Razak, and M. Yuzmanizeil Yaakub. "Challenges and Lessons Learnt Operating During Covid 19 Pandemic in Remote Location: A Success Story of Mauritania Deepwater Abandonment and Decommissioning Campaign." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31345-ms.
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Abstract In March 2020, upon declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, operator was faced with difficulty of continuing operation as the Host Country activated border lockdown. The operator managed to continue operations for remaining well and demobilized drillship and personnel safely. Operator has successfully retrieved three (3) subsea Xmas Trees, P&A three (3) wells and intervened six (6) other wells for tubing cutting before operations was suspended due to COVID-19 pandemic. Operator used the suspension phase to devise a methodology to resume operation in the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic situation. The challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the steps taken for resumption are highlighted in this paper. It is expected that this paper will serve as guidance in highlighting challenges and efforts taken to resume operation in the event of unforeseen suspension due to any reasons. It is also hoped that the details shared in this paper can assist other Operators in better operation planning for remote locations.
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Pargaru, Ion, Marius Andra, Raluca Ana Vasilescu, Gombos Svetlana Platagea, and Mihai Dinu. "Consequences of choosing the exchange rate regime on International trade." In International Scientific Conference “30 Years of Economic Reforms in the Republic of Moldova: Economic Progress via Innovation and Competitiveness”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155649.08.
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In the context of significant global economic turmoil and increasing financial, political and social risks leading to a decrease in aggregate demand worldwide and beyond, external competitiveness becomes a key variable in terms of the resumption of economic growth in Romania as integrated process in the aggregate evolution of the European economy. This paper aims to analyze the link between the exchange rate regime and international trade, in order to demonstrate whether there is an influence of the choice of exchange rate regime on the volume of trade. It also analyzes the influence of exchange rate volatility on international trade. The objectives of this research were: knowing the options for choosing an exchange rate regime; distinguishing the factors that determine the choice of an exchange rate regime; understanding the theories presented on exchange rate regimes; analysis of the impact of choosing an exchange rate regime in the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe All data used in the paper were collected from articles, reports, summaries, statistics, books, but also official sites such as the International Monetary Fund or the Eurostat website. The data used were selected after deepening and understanding the ideas underlying the choice and influences of exchange rate regimes.
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Zeng, Hanxuan, Tengbo Fan, Zhenzhong Sun, Baotong Wang, and Xinqian Zheng. "Evaluation of Surge Prediction Capabilities of Body-Force Model on a High-Speed Multi-Stage Axial-Radial Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82548.
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Abstract Multi-stage axial-radial compressors are typical configurations of compression systems used in turboshaft engines. The aerodynamic instabilities encountered in this type of compressor are commonly identified as surge, which seriously threaten the operability and reliability of the compressor itself and even the entire engine. Therefore, correct prediction of surge characteristics and the aerodynamic loading are crucial during the design process. However, due to the complexity of compressor surge, high-fidelity numerical methods, like unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulation, require enormous computational resources and time costs, which can barely be used in design iterations. Therefore, finding a more efficient way for surge prediction is essential. This paper describes a general method of surge prediction based on an in-house code of body-force model. A high-speed multi-stage axial-radial compressor is used to evaluate the capabilities of this method to predict surge characteristics against URANS. The run-time is reduced by approximately 2 orders of magnitude. Key features of surge (i.e., flow reversal, flow resumption, and repressurization) and the aerodynamic loading during surge are compared. Overall, the results from the two method show a close matching. Additional analyses are also made on the fidelity limitations of this method in the prediction of finer surge features, and the corresponding modifications are proposed.
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Patel, R., and R. Bick. "PLATELET DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644877.
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Many drugs and other agents have been reported to induce platelet dysfunction and clinical bleedability; however, tetrahydrocannabinol (marijuana) has thus far not been reported. The patient herein described is a 28-year-old Caucasian female who wasreferred for evaluation of easy and spontaneous bruising. On history, the patient related that for a three-month period she had been developing spontaneous ecchymoses of the extremities and torso. She denied any medication other than heavy marijuana use. Hemostasis evaluation revealed her to have a normal prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), Factor VIII coagulant activity (Factor VIII:C), Factor VIII related antigen (Factor VIII:RAg), and ristocetincofactor activity. Platelet aggregation was performed which revealed abnormal aggregation to epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and abnormal release but normal aggregation toristocetin. She was asked to refrainfrom marijuana and was reaggregated revealing normal aggregation and release to epinephrine, ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid; however, ADP release induced by ristocetin remainedmoderately abnormal, even though aggregation was normal. In addition, with cessation of marijuana use, her clinical bruising abated.Following this, she again indulged in marijuana and she was reaggregated, revealing delayed aggregation and release to epinephrine with abnormal aggregation to ADP. Additionally, ristocetin release and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release remained abnormal but aggregation remained normal and arachidonic acid aggregationremained normal.In summary, we herein describe a young female who demonstrated aggregation abnormalities and clinically significant spontaneous bruising during periods of using marijuana; the defect disappeared upon cessation of marijuana and reappeared upon resumption of marijuana use. The defect atpresent appears to be that of a membrane-type defect with no evidence that marijuana interferes with the prostaglandin pathway.
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Strava, Salomea, Cristian Tecu, and Mihai Onita. "" TEACH ME PHOTOGRAPHY, ROBOT." A CASE STUDY REGARDING VISUAL EDUCATION." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-200.
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Visual arts-mediated education and training are inherent to the learning process irrespective of its traditional, digital, or hybrid formats. Photography entails creative functions while the image creator implicitly needs to be enabled through training to produce compositions that observe communication rules while simultaneously breaking wittingly the same rules. The current paper identifies quality criteria underlying highly rated photographs and features an artistic composition-based section. The main factors that influence the composition are the rule of thirds (division, point of interest), repetition (frequency, constant, resumption), symmetry (weight, variety, middle), HSL (Hue, Saturation, Brightness), empty space, use of background (subtle, main, flattening), balance (harmony, chromatic, unity), hierarchy (focus, eye direction). Many masterpieces are consciously eluding the above rules. The images are rioting against the mundanity and impersonal. The photographic composition escapes from the templates shown above, the images arouse the viewer, who needs a "key" to decipher them. This kind of visual approach has a semantic load that raises it above the fast-comprehension photo if the viewer makes the effort to accept and decipher it. The suggested artistic compositions are manually segmented into areas of interest (objects, lines, characters, etc.) accompanied by well-articulated interpretations, as they are perceived by a visual arts connoisseur. Furthermore, the authors describe sets of image data currently used in the automated assessment of image quality: IDEA, Painting-91, SCUT-FBP5500, Waterloo IAA, IAD, AVA, GPD, FACD, NU FOOD, CUHKPO, BAM, NNID. The paper is simultaneously a starting point for a subsequent set of high-quality photographs and an adequate learning resource for fields of study such as multimedia, arts, and social media.
Reports on the topic "Resumptive use"
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Butler, Walter R., Uzi Moallem, Amichai Arieli, Robert O. Gilbert, and David Sklan. Peripartum dietary supplementation to enhance fertility in high yielding dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587723.bard.
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Objectives of the project: To evaluate the effects of a glucogenic supplement during the peripartum transition period on insulin, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, and progesterone profile in dairy cows. To compare benefits of supplemental fats differing in fatty acid composition and fed prepartum on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, progesterone profile, and uterine prostaglandin production in lactating dairy cows. To assess the differential and carry-over effects of glucogenic and fat supplements fed to peripartum dairy cows on steroidogenesis and fatty acids in ovarian follicles. To determine the carry-over effects of peripartum glucogenic or fat supplements on fertility in high producing dairy cows (modified in year 3 to Israel only). Added during year 3 of project: To assess the activity of genes related to hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis following dietary supplementation (USA only). Background: High milk yields in dairy cattle are generally associated with poor reproductive performance. Low fertility results from negative energy balance (NEBAL) of early lactation that delays resumption of ovarian cycles and exerts other carryover effects. During NEBAL, ovulation of ovarian follicles is compromised by low availability of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but fatty acid mobilization from body stores is augmented. Liver function during NEBAL is linked to the resumption of ovulation and fertility: 1) Accumulation of fatty acids by the liver and ketone production are associated with delayed first ovulation; 2) The liver is the main source of IGF-I. NEBAL will continue as a consequence of high milk yield, but dietary supplements are currently available to circumvent the effects on liver function. For this project, supplementation was begun prepartum prior to NEBAL in an effort to reduce detrimental effects on liver and ovarian function. Fats either high or low in unsaturated fatty acids were compared for their ability to reduce liver triglyceride accumulation. Secondarily, feeding specific fats during a period of high lipid turnover caused by NEBAL provides a novel approach for manipulating phospholipid pools in tissues including ovary and uterus. Increased insulin from propylene glycol (glucogenic) was anticipated to reduce lipolysis and increase IGF-I. The same supplements were utilized in both the USA and Israel, to compare effects across different diets and environments. Conclusions: High milk production and very good postpartum health was achieved by dietary supplementation. Peripartum PGLY supplementation had no significant effects on reproductive variables. Prepartum fat supplementation either did not improve metabolic profile and ovarian and uterine responses in early lactation (USA) or decreased intake when added to dry cow diets (Israel). Steroid production in ovarian follicles was greater in lactating dairy cows receiving supplemental fat (unsaturated), although in a field trail fertility to insemination was not improved.
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Abbott, Albert G., Doron Holland, Douglas Bielenberg, and Gregory Reighard. Structural and Functional Genomic Approaches for Marking and Identifying Genes that Control Chilling Requirement in Apricot and Peach Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591742.bard.
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Structural and functional genomic approaches for marking and identifying genes that control chilling requirement in apricot and peach trees. Specific aims: 1) Identify and characterize the genetic nature of chilling requirement for flowering and dormancy break of vegetative shoots in Prunusgermplasm through the utilization of existing apricot (NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (Clemson University) genetic mapping populations; 2) Use molecular genetic mapping techniques to identify markers flanking genomic regions controlling chilling; 3) Comparatively map the regions controlling chilling requirement in apricot and peach and locate important genomic regions influencing chilling requirement on the Prunus functional genomic database as an initial step for identification of candidate genes; 4) Develop from the functional genomics database a set of markers facilitating the development of cultivars with optimized chilling requirements for improved and sustained fruit production in warm-winter environments. Dormant apricot (prunus armeniaca L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees require sustained exposure to low, near freezing, temperatures before vigorous floral and vegetative bud break is possible after the resumption of warm temperatures in the spring. The duration of chilling required (the chilling requirement, CR) is determined by the climatic adaptation of the particular cultivar, thus limiting its geographic distribution. This limitation is particularly evident when attempting to introduce superior cultivars to regions with very warm winter temperatures, such as Israel and the coastal southern United States. The physiological mechanism of CR is not understood and although breeding programs deliberately manipulate CR in apricot and peach crosses, robust closely associated markers to the trait are currently not available. We used segregating populations of apricot (100 Fl individuals, NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (378 F2 individuals, Clemson University) to discover several discreet genomic loci that regulate CR and blooming date. We used the extensive genomic/genetic resources available for Prunus to successfully combine our apricot and peach genetic data and identify five QTL with strong effects that are conserved between species as well as several QTL that are unique to each species. We have identified markers in the key major QTL regions for testing in breeding programs which we are carrying out currently; we have identified an initial set of candidate genes using the peach physical/transcriptome map and whole peach genome sequences and we are testing these currently to identify key target genes for manipulation in breeding programs. Our collaborative work to date has demonstrated the following: 1) CR in peach and apricot is predominantly controlled by a limited number ofQTL loci, seven detected in a peach F2 derived map comprising 65% of the character and 12 in an apricot Fl map comprising 71.6% and 55.6% of the trait in the Perfection and A. 1740 parental maps, respectively and that peach and apricot appear in our initial maps to share five genomic intervals containing potentially common QTL. 2) Application of common anchor markers of the Prunus/peach, physical/genetic map resources has allowed us not only to identify the shared intervals but also to have immediately available some putative candidate gene information from these intervals, the EVG region on LG1 in peach the TALY 1 region in apricot on LG2 in peach; and several others involved in vernalization pathways (LGI and LG7). 3) Mapped BACcontigs are easily defined from the complete physical map resources in peach through the common SSR markers that anchor our CR maps in the two species, 4) Sequences of BACs in these regions can be easily mined for additional polymorphic markers to use in MAS applications.