Journal articles: 'Results chain'

1

Fixman, Marshall. "Chain entanglements. II. Numerical results." Journal of Chemical Physics 89, no. 6 (September 15, 1988): 3912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454866.

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Kayser, M., M. Schulte, and L. Theuvsen. "Organizing vegetable supply chains: results of a survey of farmers." Journal on Chain and Network Science 16, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.x002.

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German horticulture earns 21.2% of the total production value of German agriculture – on merely 1.3% of the total production area. Despite this important economic standing, agricultural economic research focuses more on other agricultural sectors like meat or milk supply chains. The present study aims to analyze the organization of the horticulture supply chain. In order to fill this gap in research, the impact of various management instruments on performance at an individual farm level as well as in the whole horticultural supply chain get analyzed by using the partial least square method. For this, German vegetable farmers participated in an online survey in 2013. The innovative empirical analysis thereby is based on existing literature and the contingency theory. The results show that the individual farm performance is positively influenced by factor endowment of the farms as well as by trust and business climate between the different levels of the supply chain. In contrast, the external situation of the farms does not exert any meaningful influence on farm performance but on organizational farm parameters of the supply chain.

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van Huynh, Dinh. "Some results on rings with chain conditions." Mathematische Zeitschrift 191, no. 1 (March 1986): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01163608.

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van Doorn, Erik A. "Some new results for chain-sequence polynomials." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 57, no. 1-2 (February 1995): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(93)e0254-j.

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Spitzer, Petra, and Steffen Seitz. "Metrological traceability chain for pH measurement results." MAPAN 25, no. 3 (September 2010): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-010-0019-5.

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Alken, P., S. Maus, A. Chulliat, P. Vigneron, O. Sirol, and G. Hulot. "Swarm equatorial electric field chain: First results." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 3 (February 6, 2015): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062658.

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Palocci, Caterina, Karl Presser, Agnieszka Kabza, Emilia Pucci, and Claudia Zoani. "A Search Engine Concept to Improve Food Traceability and Transparency: Preliminary Results." Foods 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11070989.

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In recent years, the digital revolution has involved the agrifood sector. However, the use of the most recent technologies is still limited due to poor data management. The integration, organisation and optimised use of smart data provides the basis for intelligent systems, services, solutions and applications for food chain management. With the purpose of integrating data on food quality, safety, traceability, transparency and authenticity, an EOSC-compatible (European Open Science Cloud) traceability search engine concept for data standardisation, interoperability, knowledge extraction, and data reuse, was developed within the framework of the FNS-Cloud project (GA No. 863059). For the developed model, three specific food supply chains were examined (olive oil, milk, and fishery products) in order to collect, integrate, organise and make available data relating to each step of each chain. For every step of each chain, parameters of interest and parameters of influence—related to nutritional quality, food safety, transparency and authenticity—were identified together with their monitoring systems. The developed model can be very useful for all actors involved in the food supply chain, both to have a quick graphical visualisation of the entire supply chain and for searching, finding and re-using available food data and information.

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Taylor, Mark P. "Configurational statistics for isolated square-well chain molecules: exact results for short chains." Molecular Physics 86, no. 1 (September 1995): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268979500101851.

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Taylor, Mark P. "Collapse transition of isolated Lennard-Jones chain molecules: Exact results for short chains." Journal of Chemical Physics 114, no. 14 (April 8, 2001): 6472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350578.

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10

Ridder, Ad, and Jean Walrand. "Some Large Deviations Results in Markov Fluid Models." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 6, no. 4 (October 1992): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800002722.

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Markov modulated fluid models are studied in this paper. When the input of the fluid model is represented by one Markov chain, two approaches are given that result in asymptotic expressions for the overflow probability. Both approaches are based on large deviations theories. The equivalence of the expressions is proved. When the input is represented by N similar Markov chains, a reduction property is derived.

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SUZUKI, Tomohiko, Yoshitada KAWASAKI, Tomikazu ARITA, and Akio NAKAMURA. "Two-domain haemoglobin of the blood clam Barbatia lima resulted from the recent gene duplication of the single-domain δ chain." Biochemical Journal 313, no. 2 (January 15, 1996): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3130561.

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The blood clam Barbatia lima subsp. from Amami-Oshima, Japan, expresses three types of haemoglobins in erythrocytes: a tetramer (α2β2), a homodimer (∆2) and a polymer consisting of two kinds of chains, a 34 kDa two-domain (2D) globin and a ∆ chain. This is in sharp contrast to the congeneric clams B. reeveana (a North American species) and B. lima from Kochi, Japan, each containing a tetramer and a polymer consisting of the 2D globin, but not the ∆ chain. We have determined the cDNA-derived amino acid sequences of all four chains, α (163 residues), β (155 residues), ∆ (152 residues) and 2D (308 residues) of B. lima (Amami-Oshima). The α chain has an extremely long N-terminal extension of 20 residues that may form a ‘pre-A helix’, and this makes the α chain the longest known globin. B. lima α and β chains show about 50% sequence identity with the α and β chains, respectively, of tetrameric haemoglobin from a related clam, Anadara trapezia. The B. lima homodimeric ∆ chain shows 71-74% identity with each of the two domains of the 2D chain, but only 39% identity with the homodimeric γ chain of Anadara. In addition, the alignment of amino acid sequences of the ∆ chain and the two domains of the 2D chain revealed that the ∆ chain lacks one amino acid (Lys) at the C-terminus, suggesting that the C-terminal Lys (codon AAA or AAG) of the two domains of 2D chain could result from the stop codon TAA in the ∆ chain by nucleotide substitutions. These results, together with the fact that the ∆ and 2D chains form a polymeric haemoglobin, indicates that the ∆ chain is the ancestral single-domain globin for the 2D globin. The ∆ chain is expressed only in B. lima (Amami-Oshima), and appears to be a relic of molecular evolution.

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Kolinska, Karolina, Roman Domanski, and Szymon Fojutowski. "Supply Chain Digitization Using GS1 Standards – Research Results." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXV, Issue 2B (August 1, 2022): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2965.

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13

Kim, Changwook. "Two undecidability results for chain code picture languages." Theoretical Computer Science 270, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(01)00195-5.

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14

Lo, Y.-M. D., W. Z. Mehal, and K. A. Fleming. "FALSE-POSITIVE RESULTS AND THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION." Lancet 332, no. 8612 (September 1988): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90487-4.

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15

Mbang, Janvier-James Assey. "Compound Supply Chain Efficiency Model Application in the Gabonese Supply Chain." International Journal of Applied Logistics 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 60–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jal.2013010104.

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In an effort for global excellence in international business, Gabon supply chains must achieve a competitive advantage by ensuring that they are as effective as possible. This paper develops the compound supply chain efficiency model using variables expressly identified as problem areas encountered by Gabonese supply chains. The compound supply chain efficiency model evaluates the supply chain global efficiency based on the efficiency of reliability, velocity, and cost. It identifies barriers along the supply chain and determines key focus areas for corporations if they want to ameliorate their global efficiency and become more competitive. The compound supply chain efficiency model can either be used to compare various supply chains or it can be used to compare the same supply chain over time to determine if any improvements have been made. The composite supply chain efficiency model can also identify areas of deficiencies along the supply chain. The composite supply chain efficiency model is an efficient and inexpensive model that can be applied to determine if Gabonese supply chains are operating efficiently or not. The results obtained from the compound supply chain efficiency model can help companies and entire supply chains identify areas to focus on to ameliorate their efficiency levels and in so doing make them competitive.

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Lee, Won S., and Gurmukh Singh. "Serum Free Light Chain Assay in Monoclonal Gammopathic Manifestations." Laboratory Medicine 50, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/lmz007.

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Abstract Background Serum free light chain assay is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathic manifestations. For the kappa (κ)/lambda (λ) ratio, there is a 36% false-positive rate in patients without monoclonal gammopathic manifestations and a 30% false-negative rate in patients with monoclonal gammopathic manifestations. This study was undertaken to address the higher false-negative rate in λ chain–associated monoclonal lesions. Methods Results of serum protein electrophoresis, serum immunofixation electrophoresis, and serum free light chain assays were reviewed retrospectively. The results for serum free light chains in cases of intact immunoglobulin monoclonal gammopathic manifestations only were analyzed. Results Concentrations of involved serum free light chains were significantly higher in κ chain–associated lesions than in λ chain–associated lesions. The concentration of uninvolved light chains was significantly higher in λ chain–associated lesions. Conclusions κ light chains are present in significantly greater abundance than are λ chains in their respective monoclonal lesions. Moreover, κ and λ light-chain levels are not comparable for similar quantitative levels of monoclonal immunoglobulins. The findings warrant a reconsideration of the role of serum free light chain concentrations and involved to uninvolved serum free light chain ratio in designation of myeloma-defining conditions and other diagnostic criteria based on serum free light chain assay.

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17

Wu, Yucai, Jiguang Wang, and Changhong Li. "Decisions of Supply Chain Considering Chain-to-Chain Competition and Service Negative Spillover Effect." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2019): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061612.

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In today’s complex market competition environment, a high quality and high level of service plays a critical role in obtaining and maintaining long-term sustainable competitive advantage for enterprises and supply chains. Considering the service negative spillover effect, this paper investigates the horizontal Stackelberg competition and optimal service decision in two competing manufacturer-led supply chains. Four competitive structure models are constructed and the corresponding equilibrium solutions are obtained. By comparing the equilibrium results of four different structures, it is found that the service negative spillover effect and competition between supply chains have negative incentive effect on service providers and their supply chains. However, the chain-to-chain competition will benefit the supply chain that does not provide services from free-riding effect, which will be intensified with the intensification of competition. In addition, from the perspective of supply chain network and externality, we find that when the structure of one supply chain remains fixed and the other changes from centralized to decentralized, there will be a “double marginalization” effect. At the same time, the structural change from centralized to decentralized has certain “altruism”, that is, positive network externality, so as to improve the rival’s performance significantly.

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Ferrier, P., C. Layet, D. H. Caillol, B. R. Jordan, and F. A. Lemonnier. "The association between murine beta 2-microglobulin and HLA class I heavy chains results in serologically detectable conformational changes of both chains." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.2.1281.

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Abstract HLA-A3-, HLA-B7-, and HLA-CW3-transfected L cells, maintained in medium supplemented with murine serum so as to ensure that the human heavy chains were associated with murine beta 2-microglobulin, were subjected to a systematic serologic analysis for an evaluation of the structural consequences of such an heterologous association. The hybrid molecules exhibited alterations of their serologic reactivities that suggest the occurrence of structural modifications of both light and heavy chains. Thus, reactivity of HLA-A3-, HLA-B7-, and HLA-Cw3-transfected L cells with a monoclonal antibody (B1.1G6) directed at a human beta 2-microglobulin specific antigenic determinant was observed; this implies structural modifications of murine beta 2-microglobulin after its association with HLA class I heavy chains. Conversely, a profound reduction of the reactivity of the same transfectants with a monoclonal antibody (W6/32) directed at a monomorphic heavy chain related epitope was observed. The W6/32 reactivity was restored after replacement of the murine by the human light chain, indicating that the conformation adopted by the HLA class I heavy chain depends on the origin of the beta 2-microglobulin associated. Therefore it appears that the complex interactions that develop between the extracellular domains (including the one formed by the light chain) markedly influence the overall structure and the antigenic properties of HLA class I molecules.

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Monostori, E., D. Desai, M. H. Brown, D. A. Cantrell, and M. J. Crumpton. "Activation of human T lymphocytes via the CD2 antigen results in tyrosine phosphorylation of T cell antigen receptor zeta-chains." Journal of Immunology 144, no. 3 (February 1, 1990): 1010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.144.3.1010.

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Abstract The phosphorylation of the invariant chains associated with the human TCR has been investigated after the stimulation of T lymphocytes with CD2 mAb T11(2) and T11(3), PHA, or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. As described previously, stimulation of T cells with either CD2 mAb or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate resulted in the phosphorylation of the CD3 gamma-chain. The combination of T11(2) and T11(3) mAb also induced phosphorylation of the TCR zeta-chain. The phosphorylated zeta-polypeptide of CD2-activated cells was immunoprecipitated with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies and migrated to a 21- to 23-kDa position during SDS/PAGE. These results indicate that stimulation of human T cells via the CD2 Ag with the T11(2) and T11(3) mAb activates not only protein kinase C but also tyrosine kinase(s), resulting in the phosphorylation of the CD3 gamma-chain and the tyrosine phosphorylation of the zeta-chain, respectively.

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Laradji, Abdallah, and Abdullahi Umar. "Further combinatorial results for the symmetric inverse monoid." Algebra and Discrete Mathematics 33, no. 2 (2022): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/adm1793.

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Let In be the set of partial one-to-one transformations on the chain Xn={1,2, . . . , n} and, for each α in In, let h(α)=|Imα|, f(α)=|{x∈Xn:xα=x}| and w(α)=max(Imα). In this note, we obtain formulae involving binomial coefficients of F(n; p, m, k)=|{α ∈ In:h(α)=p∧f(α)=m∧w(α)=k}| and F(n;·, m, k)=|{α ∈ In:f(α)=m∧w(α)=k}| and analogous results on the set of partial derangements of In.

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Wu, Qun. "Cluster Supply Chain Self-Organization Evolution Based on Cross-Chain Co-Opetition Game." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 1230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.1230.

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Cluster supply chain network as a new organizational system, which co-opetition is different from general enterprises and single supply chains because of their determined structural features and operational characteristics. There are single-chain co-opetition and cross-links dynamics co-opetition in cluster supply chain network organization. It analyzes cross-links non-cooperative game and cooperative game of two third-order supply chains through the expansion research of Cournot game. The results indicate that supply chain cooperative game is the best option for supply chain win-win.

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Peterson, Hikaru Hanawa, Gigi DiGiacomo, Christa D. Court, Michelle Miller, Gustavo Oliveira, Andrew W. Stevens, Li Zhang, et al. "Impacts of COVID-19 on US agri-food supply chain businesses: Regional survey results." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 22, 2023): e0281930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281930.

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Visible disruptions of appropriate food distribution for end consumers during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted calls for an urgent, renewed look at how the U.S. agri-food system is impacted by and responds to pandemics, natural disasters, and human-made crises. Previous studies suggest the COVID-19 pandemic yielded uneven impacts across agri-food supply chain segments and regions. For a rigorously comparable assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on agri-food businesses, a survey was administered from February to April 2021 to five segments of the agri-food supply chain in three study regions (California, Florida, and the two-state region of Minnesota-Wisconsin). Results (N = 870) measuring the self-reported changes in quarterly business revenue in 2020 compared to businesses’ typical experience pre-COVID-19 suggest significant differences across supply chain segments and regions. In the Minnesota-Wisconsin region, restaurants took the largest hit and the upstream supply chains were relatively unaffected. In California, however, the negative impacts were felt throughout the supply chain. Two factors likely contributed to regional differences: (1) regional disparities in pandemic evolution and governance and (2) structural differences in regional agri-food systems. Regionalized and localized planning and the development of best-practices will be necessary for the U.S. agri-food system to enhance preparedness for and resilience to future pandemics, natural disasters, and human-made crises.

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Martin, Alexander. "Chain Saw Chains: Analyzing Sharpening Options and Practices for Operational Efficiency." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 48, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2022.017.

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Background: Chain saws are a primary piece of equipment in arboriculture. Sharpening of chain saw chains is important to the chain saw’s continued efficient cutting power. Analyses of chain saw sharpening procedures can influence efficiency and sustainability in arboriculture. Previous research has examined mechanical aspects and variability of chain saw chains; however, a knowledge gap exists regarding sharpening methods relating to operational efficiency. Methods: Chain saw chains retired from operational service were submitted by 132 arboriculture crews from 47 companies across a 6-month period. The research team reviewed 640 chain saw chains to determine whether the functionable lives of the chain saw chains had been exhausted. If the functionable life was not exhausted, the remaining functional life of the chain was documented. To analyze the accounting cost and economic cost of sharpening versus purchasing new chain saw chains, an economic model was created with variables from chain saw chain manufacturers and geospatial data. Results: Of the submitted chain saw chains, 77% (n = 493) were retired before their functional life was exhausted. The mean number of additional times that the chains could have been sharpened was 4.54 more times (σ = 2.22). Per the economic model, accounting costs of purchasing new chains were 3.64 to 4.96 times more expensive than sharpening chains in-house. The economic cost of purchasing a new chain was generally 1.83 to 3.74 times more expensive than sharpening chains in-house. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the functional service life of chain saw chains are frequently not exhausted and that purchasing chains has higher accounting and economic costs than sharpening chains in-house.

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Setene, Letlama, and Daniel du P.S. Jordaan. "The trade-off between chain performance and fragility considering coordination strategies of agri-food chains: a South African egg chain’s case study." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 24, no. 3 (April 13, 2021): 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2020.0079.

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The mainstream strategy in the coordination of agri-food chains has traditionally focused more on the enhancement of chain performance by adopting lean and highly integrated strategies. These strategies are premised on the principle that governance structures are the result of tactics that economize on transaction costs in exchanges in chains. Due to existing interdependencies between chain players such strategies expose these chains to detrimentally disruptive uncertainty. This paper adopted a heuristic stress-testing approach to measure the fragility of South African egg value chain and performed a comparative fragility analysis of two coordination approaches in the egg chain. Additionally, the analysis of results indicated that the egg chain strategy with high levels of interdependencies between its chain players as significantly fragile. Precisely, the difference between the chain strategies was associated with a variety of differences at the factor and chain player levels that led up to a higher overall chain fragility of the chain with higher levels of interdependency. Inevitably, the paper propositions that there is a trade-off between chain performance and fragility. The results of the study affirmed that there is a trade-off between chain performance and fragility which needs to be balanced.

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Luomaranta, Toni, and Miia Martinsuo. "Supply chain innovations for additive manufacturing." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 50, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 54–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-10-2018-0337.

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Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) involves the renewal of production systems and also has implications for firms’ supply chains. Innovations related to AM supply chains are, so far, insufficiently understood, but their success will require firms’ awareness of their systemic nature and their firm-specific implications. The purpose of this paper is to explore the supply chain innovations dealing with AM in business-to-business supply chains. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative research design is used. Interviews were conducted in 20 firms, workshops were organized to map AM-related processes and activities, and supply chain innovations were analyzed. Findings This study reveals practical changes in supply chains and requirements for AM-related supply chain innovations. While earlier research has centered on technology or firm-specific AM implementations, this study shows that fully leveraging AM will require innovations at the level of the supply chain, including innovations in business processes, technology and structure, as well as supportive changes in the business environment. These innovations occur in different parts of the AM supply chain and are emphasized differently within different firm types. Research limitations/implications This research was conducted in one country in the context of the machine building and process industry with a limited data set, which limits the generalizability of the results. The results offer an analytical framework and identify new research avenues for exploring the innovations in partial or complete AM supply chains. Practical implications The results offer a framework to assess the current state and future needs in AM-related supply chain innovations. Practical ideas are proposed to enhance AM adoption throughout firms’ supply chains. These results are important to managers because they can help them position their firms and guide the activities and collaborations with other firms in the AM supply chain. Originality/value This study draws attention to the supply chain innovations required when firms adopt AM in their processes. The generic supply chain innovation framework is enhanced by adding the business context as a necessary component. Implementation of AM is shown to depend on the context both at the level of the supply chain and the firm’s unique role in the supply chain. The holistic view taken reveals that successful AM technology adoption requires broad involvement from different firms across the supply chain.

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Kunitsyn, V. E., E. D. Tereshchenko, E. S. Andreeva, V. F. Grigor’ev, N. Yu Romanova, M. O. Nazarenko, Yu M. Vapirov, and I. I. Ivanov. "Transcontinental radio tomographic chain: First results of ionospheric imaging." Moscow University Physics Bulletin 64, no. 6 (December 2009): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027134909060216.

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Fiasconaro, Alessandro, and Fernando Falo. "Analytical results of the extensible freely jointed chain model." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 532 (October 2019): 121929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.121929.

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Viti, Jacopo, Jean-Marie Stéphan, Jérôme Dubail, and Masudul Haque. "Inhomogeneous quenches in a free fermionic chain: Exact results." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 115, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 40011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/115/40011.

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Strečka, Jozef, and Michal Jaščur. "Exact results of an anisotropic Ising-Heisenberg linear chain." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 52, S1 (January 2002): A37—A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10582-002-0007-2.

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Koning, F., W. L. Maloy, D. Cohen, and J. E. Coligan. "Independent association of T cell receptor beta and gamma chains with CD3 in the same cell." Journal of Experimental Medicine 166, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.166.2.595.

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We have demonstrated that the PEER cell line, which expresses a CD3-associated TCR gamma chain on the cell surface, synthesizes TCR beta chain intracellularly. A percentage of this TCR beta chain associates with the CD3 complex intracellularly. These results indicate that TCR beta and gamma chains can be synthesized by one cell line, and that these chains can independently associate with the CD3 complex. However, the results argue against the formation of TCR beta gamma chain complexes in this cell line.

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Hampl, J., G. Gradehandt, H. Kalbacher, and E. Rüde. "In vitro processing of insulin for recognition by murine T cells results in the generation of A chains with free CysSH." Journal of Immunology 148, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 2664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.9.2664.

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Abstract Studies on the processing of insulin as an Ag for the presentation to MHC class II-restricted T cells revealed that the amino acid residues 1-14 of the insulin A chain are recognized by insulin-specific T cells. An A1-14 peptide containing three cys-residues that were protected by S-sulfonate groups still needed processing by APC for efficient presentation similar to native insulin. We suspected that reductive deblocking or opening of disulfide bonds that generates CysSH-residues may be an essential processing step for these Ag. Due to the instability of SH-groups it was not possible to test A chain peptides with free SH-groups in the usual way for processing-independent presentation by fixed APC. However, under acidic conditions (pH 5) during APC pulsing with the Ag we could demonstrate that the freshly reduced A1-14 fragment as well as reduced insulin are able to bind to Ia Ag and to stimulate appropriate T cells without further processing. Various substitutions of cys-residues by Ser within this peptide revealed that only CysA7 is critical for Ia binding and/or T cell recognition. In intact insulin, this residue links the A chain containing the T cell epitope to the B chain. Therefore, we propose that insulin processing is not dependent on proteolysis or on the generation of a conformational determinant but on the separation of A and B chains resulting in A chains whose cys-residues are converted into CysSH.

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Twine, Edgar E., Amos Omore, and Julius Githinji. "Uncertainty in milk production by smallholders in Tanzania and its implications for investment." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0028.

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The study evaluates the impact of risk on enterprises of male, female and young farmers operating in the formal and informal smallholder dairy value chains in Tanzania. It also examines the effect of uncertainty on the decision to invest in milk production in the two value chains. Results indicate that youths in the informal dairy value chain face the greatest level of risk followed by men in the formal value chain, and then men in the informal value chain. Women in both value chains and youths in the formal value chain face relatively low risk. Overall, milk production in the informal value chain is found to be substantially riskier than production in the formal chain. Optimal investment triggers are found to be much larger than the conventional triggers and are sensitive to volatility of returns. The results’ managerial and policy implications for inclusive dairy industry development in Tanzania are highlighted.

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Mapanga, Arthur, Collins Ogutu Miruka, and Nehemiah Mavetera. "Barriers to effective value chain management in developing countries: new insights from the cotton industrial value chain." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.03.

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A rigorous and extensive application of the value chain management (VCM) has become the vogue in modern day business practices and processes. However, due to the complex and multidimensional nature of value chains, achieving efficient and effective value chain management in real value chains remains a major conundrum for practitioners. Many unknown barriers continue to impede effective and efficient value chain management in developing countries’ industrial value chains. The purpose of this study was to find out the common barriers to effective value chain management in a developing country’s industrial value chains using evidence from the cotton industry in Zimbabwe. The analysis was based on survey data sets obtained from 157 purposively sampled experts from the cotton industry value chain in Zimbabwe. Exploratory factor analysis was used to find the barriers to effective value chain management. The results revealed both architectural and governance barriers to effective value chain management. The findings also presented major policy implications for industrial value chains in the developing countries and also indicated areas for further robust research founded on a broader data set from other developing countries’ industrial chains as a way of validating the findings of this study.

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Zhu, Xinqiu, and Yenchun Jim Wu. "How Does Supply Chain Resilience Affect Supply Chain Performance? The Mediating Effect of Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114626.

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In recent years, interruption or failure events have occurred due to frequent natural disasters, the outbreak of COVID-19, policy environment turbulence, an increasingly complex business environment, and the increasingly fragile global supply chain. This has reduced the efficiency of supply chains and customer service quality and increased operating costs, creating new requirements for supply chain flexibility and sustainability. When investigating 21 companies based on 200 questionnaires and a structural equation model analysis, the results showed that the elasticity of the supply chain for supply chain sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability, and environment sustainability has an obvious positive effect: supply chain sustainability has an obvious positive effect on supply chain performance. Supply chain resilience has no direct positive effect on supply chain performance, but it has a strong indirect effect on supply chain performance under the mediating effect of supply chain sustainability. In view of this, in order to create sustainable supply chain development and improve the performances of supply chains, it is necessary to establish the awareness of risk prevention, root the risk culture in supply chain network organization, and improve supply chain resilience in multiple dimensions. Enterprises in the supply chain should continue to build their resilience and establish effective strategies to integrate supply chains. The intermediary role of sustainability in supply chains and of supply chain flexibility in supply chain performance shows the influence of economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable angles, such as the implementation of supply chain management, the maximization of the interests of the whole supply chain, improving the ability of supply chain enterprises to innovate and develop, establishing customer awareness, and enhancing humanistic ideas. Dynamic selection of supply chain partners while focusing on their green performance promotes the green development of supply chain enterprises.

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Brun, Alessandro, Hakan Karaosman, and Teodosio Barresi. "Supply Chain Collaboration for Transparency." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 4429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114429.

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From an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective, this study uncovers how and to what extent building supply chain relations impacts supply chain transparency in an industrial context characterized by mistrust, complexity and privacy. By conducting a case study involving a multinational fashion group and an influential NGO, this study investigates how a fashion group forms supply chain relations that eventually influence their transparency performance. The fashion group under investigation initially started disclosing information about their supply chain actions in order to ensure legitimacy and protect the brand image. Nevertheless, the group started sharing more information about their supply chains, changing the perspective from a legitimacy driven reactive approach toward an ethics driven proactive approach. Particularly, supplier engagement, commitment and leadership appear to be antecedents to supply chain transparency. The study also reveals the novel influence of NGOs on supply chain transparency. Fashion Revolution has been substantial to drive fashion companies to obtain and disclose information about their supply chains. Supply chain visibility and stronger partnerships are required to overcome problems relating to supply chain complexity on the way toward transparency. Results suggest that supply chain engagement is fundamental for supply chain transparency, and that NGOs play a pivotal role to enhance transparency through knowledge sharing and awareness increasing. The results provide numerous implications that can help industrial practice and research improve the status quo.

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Akhtar, Pervaiz, Sushil Kaur, and Khanyapuss Punjaisri. "Chain coordinators’ strategic leadership and coordination effectiveness." European Business Review 29, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-08-2015-0082.

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Purpose Although suitable leadership is crucial for chain coordinators (chief executive officers (CEOs), managing directors and heads of departments) to achieve the effectiveness of supply chain coordination (operational and social performances contributing to financial performance), the potential caveats in New Zealand-Euro agri-food supply chains are the lack of theoretical as well as empirical investigations that scrutinize the linkages between leadership styles, their interactions and the effectiveness of supply chain coordination. The purpose of this study is therefore to address the above knowledge gap. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modelling and interaction effects are applied to the data collected from chain coordinators working in the selected New Zealand-Euro agri-food supply chains (dairy, meat, fruits and vegetables). Findings The results indicate that participative leadership is more strongly correlated with the effectiveness of supply chain coordination than directive leadership. The directive leadership is also significant, which leads towards the adoption of strategic leadership. Interaction effects further conclude that companies perform better when their chain coordinators apply strategic leadership practices. Moreover, operational (service quality and product quality) and social (trust in and satisfaction with supply chain partners) performances are the key determinants of financial performance (increased sales, profit and market share). Practical implications The results enhance the understanding of chain coordinators and help them to achieve coordination effectiveness among agri-food supply chain partners. Therefore, the study provides practical implications linked with contemporary international agri-food supply chains. Originality/value This study provides in-depth analysis to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework, which helps to confirm the complicated linkages between the underlying constructs, with the specific characteristics of New Zealand-Euro agri-food supply chains. Consequently, the results also clarify the earlier ambiguous findings from other industries and countries.

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D. Ricketts, Katie, Calum G. Turvey, and Miguel I. Gómez. "Value chain approaches to development." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 2–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-10-2012-0025.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at the ever-popular, “value-chain approach” for linking smallholder farmers to high value export markets. Conventional wisdom says that value chains undertaken for development purposes redistribute risk and provide benefits and services to participants that are otherwise difficult or impossible to obtain. The authors take a farmer-centric approach and ask farmers participating in these higher value chains if they perceive greater, or different risks and compare results to their conventional counterparts. The authors also ask what benefits they associate with participation and if they believe they believe those benefits are exclusive to value chain participation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collect data from growers in three different cocoa value chains in Ashanti, Ghana. These chains include one focussed on certified production practices (Rainforest Alliance), one that focussed on high-value product characteristics (Fine Flavor) and a conventional chain, which serves as counterfactual. Findings – The paper finds differences in perceptions of participation risks and benefits – particularly among price risks – that appear to filter based on value chain membership. However, for many risks, value chain participation seems to do little to redistribute potential production shocks. With some exceptions, growers report that many of the benefits they enjoy as a result of participation could feasibly be accessed by other sources. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this paper are related to sample size. This was managed from a statistical perspective. Social implications – The authors explore how these results might impact the sustainability of the value chain approach and encourage donors and development agencies to be thoughtful and critical about measuring how farmers perceive new market opportunities. Originality/value – The authors believe that this is the first paper prepared to critically investigate the perceived benefits of value chains.

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Khamlichi, AA, A. Rocca, G. Touchard, P. Aucouturier, JL Preud'homme, and M. Cogne. "Role of light chain variable region in myeloma with light chain deposition disease: evidence from an experimental model." Blood 86, no. 10 (November 15, 1995): 3655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.10.3655.bloodjournal86103655.

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Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) results from a propensity of some human monoclonal L chains to form tissue deposits. We designed an experimental model for in vivo expression of human kappa L chain sequences in mice and compared a somatically mutated LCDD chain with a closely related control kappa chain, both encoded by the unique V kappa IV gene. Mice secreting the LCDD chain but not those producing the control chain showed deposits with a distribution similar to that observed in patients. These data show that discrete changes in V region sequences can play a major role in tissue deposition of human L chains.

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Kataike, Joanita, Lusine H. Aramyan, Oliver Schmidt, Adrienn Molnár, and Xavier Gellynck. "Measuring chain performance beyond supplier–buyer relationships in agri-food chains." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24, no. 4 (June 11, 2019): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-03-2018-0097.

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Purpose Measuring chain performance which extends beyond supplier–buyer interface is of paramount importance in tracking and tracing the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of the entire chain. In response to chain inefficiencies, key performance indicators need to be assessed at different chain levels. Knowledge amongst chain members and evident research on the chain members’ assessment of the chain partners’ contribution to their individual chain performance is equivocal. The purpose of this study is to investigate perceived performance contribution of bilateral relationships of each chain member to its chain partners’ performance across the dairy sector. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted in a dairy agri-food sector in Uganda. A total of 115 triad chains (three matching chain members) were obtained during the period of January to April 2016. Using simple random sampling, the dairy farmers (first suppliers), the cooperative supply managers (second suppliers) and the processors (buyers) were surveyed. Means and standard deviations presented descriptive findings. Furthermore, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to assess the differences and similarities of the perceived performance contribution of the individual chain partners. Findings The results revealed that each chain members’ perception of chain performance contribution toward the individual chain performance is relatively high. Further, it was found that there were significant differences between the chain members about the perceived chain performance contributions. However, within the internal chain analysis, no significant differences were observed. Research limitations/implications Although limited to a single agri-food sector within the Ugandan dairy sector, the findings support evidence from similar agri-food chains worldwide. Originality/value Literature shows shortcomings in measuring chain performance at three chain levels. Therefore, this shift from single or dyad to triad chain analysis provides new insights into the field of agri-food chains and supply chain performance in particular. It also provides important empirical results on how each chain member contributes to the chain partners’ performance.

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Zhang, Wei, Jian Zhou, Xuejie Zhang, Yan Zhang, and Kun Liu. "Quantitative investigation on force chain lengths during high velocity compaction of ferrous powder." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 10 (April 10, 2019): 1950113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919501136.

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Force chains play an important role in linking the macro- and micro-mechanisms of powder in high velocity compaction (HVC). Force chain lengths, as an important quantitative characteristic, can describe the geometry of force chains. In this study, force chain lengths and their relation to other force chain characteristics in HVC were investigated by discrete element method. Results revealed that force chain length decreased and it can be related to the densification process of ferrous powder in HVC. Moreover, long force chains extended from top to bottom and may play a major role in supporting load, although the percentage of long force chains was low. Probability density functions of force chain lengths further showed the exponential decay. The proportion of short force chains increased and the proportion of long force chains decreased. Long force chains had high strength and can be aligned to the direction of the external load, but force chain lengths did not have clear relation to straightness. These relations were confirmed by Pearson correlation coefficients.

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Shan, Hongmei, Ying Li, and Jing Shi. "Influence of Supply Chain Collaborative Innovation on Sustainable Development of Supply Chain: A Study on Chinese Enterprises." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072978.

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The recent trade friction between the two largest economies, US and China, is having a profound impact on the sustainable development of supply chains at a global scale. Supply chain collaborative innovation has not only become the main means for enterprises in various countries to cope with imponderable changes, but also been the driver of increasing supply chain dynamic capability and of achieving sustainable development of supply chains. Based on the survey data of 510 Chinese enterprises, this paper adopts the hierarchical regression analysis and a structural equation model to study the impact of supply chain collaborative innovation on the sustainable development of supply chains. The results show that: (1) Three modes of supply chain collaborative innovation (namely, technology collaborative innovation, management collaborative innovation, and market collaborative innovation) have different effects on supply chain dynamic capability and sustainable supply chain performance. (2) Supply chain dynamic capability plays a significant intermediary role between supply chain collaborative innovation and sustainable supply chain performance. (3) Supply chain technology collaborative innovation has the greatest direct impact on sustainable supply chain performance, followed by supply chain management collaborative innovation. However, the direct effect of supply chain market collaborative innovation on sustainable supply chain performance is not significant; under the intermediary role of dynamic capability, supply chain market collaborative innovation has a significant indirect effect on sustainable supply chain performance.

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Khan, Khalid, and Abbas Keramati. "A Framework for Smart Supply Chain Risk Assessment." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.316167.

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This research provides a framework for assessing risks in smart supply chains using a quantitative approach. This study identifies the risk factors in smart supply chains based on an extensive literature review and interviews with professionals. By analyzing different concepts of the previous frameworks, a new one is proposed for the smart supply chain. This new framework is applied to the data collected from a survey of Canadian supply chain professionals (n = 56). The authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis to examine the construct validity of the survey results. After evaluating and assessing risks for different smart supply chain risk factors, some constructs were developed. The survey's results point to the most important risk factors for the smart supply chain, prioritized based on their high probabilities and impacts. These include risk of complexity, web application failure, talent shortage, and high-cost risk. The results also show that the most commonly implemented smart technologies in the supply chain sector are bar codes and social media.

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Sun, Wei, Xiao Lun Liu, Wen Cheng Wang, Li Yan He, and Jia Jun Liu. "Study on Noise in New Roller Chain Drives." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.598.

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In order to mitigate the impact and the polygon effect of the chain and the sprocket during the meshing process and achieve the purpose of noise reduction, a Hlow noiseH nanostructured metal mesh-polyurethane composite material split roller chain was designed by means of changing structure and material of chain roller. Noise testing and frequency spectrum analysis were conducted, for the new roller chain and the other three kinds of the same specification chains with different structural rollers, on the closed force flow noise test bench researched and developed independently. The results show that the new roller chain can absorb some of the impact energy, and reduce vibration and noise of chain drive. The noise level generated by the new roller chain is significantly lower than the other tested roller chains, especially in high frequency and high speed. The difference in noise level is actually 3-11dB in driving sprocket speed of 1000r/min, and a significant noise reduction is achieved. The results also verify low noise characteristics of the new roller chain and rationality of design method.

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SCHILLER, PETER W., LOUISE A. MAZIAK, CAROLE LEMIEUX, and THI M. D. NGUYEN. "Side chain to side chain cyclization of an enkephalin analog results in loss of opioid receptor selectivity." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 28, no. 5 (January 12, 2009): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1986.tb03283.x.

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Roberts, Gareth O., and Jeffrey S. Rosenthal. "Markov-chain monte carlo: Some practical implications of theoretical results." Canadian Journal of Statistics 26, no. 1 (March 1998): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3315667.

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Shimane, Toshikazu, Shunya Egawa, Yukiomi Kushihashi, Tatsuya Kitajima, Yuki Maruyama, Takehiro Mizokami, Isao Suzaki, and Kojiro Hirano. "A Study on Surgical Results of Cervical Sympathetic Chain Schwannoma." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 115, no. 5 (2022): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.115.435.

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Rudolph, Günter. "Finite Markov Chain Results in Evolutionary Computation: A Tour d'Horizon." Fundamenta Informaticae 35, no. 1-4 (1998): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1998-35123405.

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Gebhard, Florian, and Andrei E. Ruckenstein. "Exact results for a Hubbard chain with long-range hopping." Physical Review Letters 68, no. 2 (January 13, 1992): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.68.244.

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Amrouche, Karim, Mourad Boudhar, Mohamed Bendraouche, and Farouk Yalaoui. "Chain-reentrant shop with an exact time lag: new results." International Journal of Production Research 55, no. 1 (July 5, 2016): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.1205235.

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Kim, Gyu-Nam, Min-Chul Cho, Woong-Sun Yoo, Rock-Bum Kim, Jin-Kwon Chung, and Seong-Jae Kim. "Clinical Results and Utility of Herpesviruses Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Glaucoma 27, no. 12 (December 2018): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000001086.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Results chain'

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