Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Results chain'

Supply chains are considered the foundation of the global economy, and businesses with global supply chains usually encounter at least 1 disruption annually. Mitigating the negative impact of disruptions is critical to supply chain managers, as disruptions can negatively impact organizational profitability and performance. Grounded in the resource dependence theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies organizational and supply chain managers use to mitigate negative results from supply chain disruption. Participants were 4 supply chain managers working in 2 different international organizations located in Jordan, who used effective strategies to mitigate supply chain disruptions. Data collection involved semistructured interviews and a review of organizational documents. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and 2 main themes emerged: Developing relationships and collaboration and strategy to identify supply chain disruption. The implications for positive social change include the potential for organizational and supply chain managers to mitigate negative results of supply chain disruptions and improve organizational performance. Sustaining organizational performance promotes the well-being of employees, families, communities, and the economy, which can result in customer satisfaction, business growth, and stable employment.

We introduce, and analyze in terms of convergence rates of transition kernels, a continuous-time Markov chain approximation to Lévy processes. A full fluctuation theory for what are right-continuous random walks embedded into continuous-time as compound Poisson processes, is provided. These results are applied to obtaining a general algorithm for the calculation of the scale functions of a spectrally negative Lévy process. In a related result, the class of Lévy processes having non-random overshoots is precisely characterized.

Class of 2012 Abstract
Specific Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the overall satisfaction of Tucson area pharmacists in the community retail setting and to identify the facets of community practice that have the greatest contribution to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Methods: Surveys were sent by facsimile to all community retail pharmacies in the Tucson area. All pharmacists working in these stores were encouraged to respond to the survey by faxing back the paper copy or by responding to the online version of the survey at surveymonkey.com. Respondents were asked to rate their job satisfaction and demographic data were also collected. Main Results: Questionnaires were completed and returned by 32 pharmacists, an estimated response rate of 10%. After reviewing the returned surveys, four questions were chosen from the satisfaction portion to determine their relationship to the job satisfaction ratings. Those four variables were “recognition one receives for good work”, “opportunity to use abilities”, “hours of work”, and “patient contact”. Those four satisfaction variables were then analyzed using the demographic grouping variables “other experience”, “store type” and “degree earned”. Following analysis, only hours of work was found to play a significant role with pharmacy job satisfaction when grouped by other experience. Conclusions: The area of community pharmacy practice that affects job satisfaction the most is hours of work, which is especially true when pharmacists have work experience outside of community practice.

Class of 2012 Abstract
Specific Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the overall satisfaction of Tucson area pharmacists in the community retail setting and to identify the facets of community practice that have the greatest contribution to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Methods: Surveys were sent by facsimile to all community retail pharmacies in the Tucson area. All pharmacists working in these stores were encouraged to respond to the survey by faxing back the paper copy or by responding to the online version of the survey at surveymonkey.com. Respondents were asked to rate their job satisfaction and demographic data were also collected. Main Results: Questionnaires were completed and returned by 32 pharmacists, an estimated response rate of 10%. After reviewing the returned surveys, four questions were chosen from the satisfaction portion to determine their relationship to the job satisfaction ratings. Those four variables were “recognition one receives for good work”, “opportunity to use abilities”, “hours of work”, and “patient contact”. Those four satisfaction variables were then analyzed using the demographic grouping variables “other experience”, “store type” and “degree earned”. Following analysis, only hours of work was found to play a significant role with pharmacy job satisfaction when grouped by other experience. Conclusions: The area of community pharmacy practice that affects job satisfaction the most is hours of work, which is especially true when pharmacists have work experience outside of community practice.

La première partie de la thèse étudie le diagramme de phase d’une généralisation de la chaîne de Kitaev qui décrit un système fermionique avec un pairing p-wave à long rayon qui tombe avec la distance ℓ comme 1/ℓα. On a analysé les lignes critiques, les corrélations et le comportement de l’entropie d’entanglement avec la taille du système. Nous avons démontré l’existence de deux régimes massifs, (i) où les fonctions de corrélation tombent exponentiellement à de courtes distances et comme puissance à de longues distances (α > 1), (ii) où elles tombent à puissance seulement (α < 1). Dans la seconde région l’entropie d’intrication d’un sous-système diverge logarithmiquement. Remarquablement, sur les lignes critiques, le pairing à long rayon brise la symètrie conforme du modèle pour des α suffisamment petits. On a prouvé ça en calculant aussi l’évolution temporelle de l’entropie d’intrication après un quench. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse nous avons analysé la dynamique de l’entropie d’intrication du modèle d’Ising avec un champ magnétique qui dépend linéairement du temps avec de différentes vitesses. Nous avons un régime adiabatique (de basses vitesses) lorsque le système évolue selon son état fondamental instantané; un sudden quench (de hautes vitesses) lorsque le système est congelé dans son état initial; un régime intermédiaire où l’entropie croît linéairement et, ensuite, elle montre des oscillations du moment que le système se trouve dans une superposition des états excités de l’Hamiltonienne instantanée. Nous avons discuté aussi du mécanisme de Kibble-Zurek pour la transition entre la phase paramagnétique et antiferromagnétique
In the first part of the thesis, we propose an exactly-solvable one-dimensional model for fermions with long-range p-wave pairing decaying with distance ℓ as a power law 1/ℓα. We studied the phase diagram by analyzing the critical lines, the decay of correlation functions and the scaling of the von Neumann entropy with the system size. We found two gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay (i) exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range (α > 1), (ii) purely algebraically (α < 1). In the latter the entanglement entropy is found to diverge logarithmically. Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing breaks the conformal symmetry for sufficiently small α. This can be detected also via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. In the second part of the thesis we studied the evolution in time of the entanglement entropy for the Ising model in a transverse field varying linearly in time with different velocities. We found different regimes: an adiabatic one (small velocities) when the system evolves according the instan- taneous ground state; a sudden quench (large velocities) when the system is essentially frozen to its initial state; and an intermediate one, where the entropy starts growing linearly but then displays oscillations (also as a function of the velocity). Finally, we discussed the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for the transition between the paramagnetic and the ordered phase

In the first part of the thesis, we propose an exactly-solvable one-dimensional model for fermions with long-range p-wave pairing decaying with distance as a power law. We studied the phase diagram by analyzing the critical lines, the decay of correlation functions and the scaling of the von Neumann entropy with the system size. We found two gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay (i) exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range, (ii) purely algebraically. In the latter the entanglement entropy is found to diverge logarithmically. Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing breaks also the conformal symmetry. This can be detected via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. In the second part of the thesis we studied the evolution in time of the entanglement entropy for the Ising model in a transverse field varying linearly in time with different velocities. We found different regimes: an adiabatic one (small velocities) when the system evolves according the instantaneous ground state; a sudden quench (large velocities) when the system is essentially frozen to its initial state; and an intermediate one, where the entropy starts growing linearly but then displays oscillations (also as a function of the velocity). Finally, we discussed the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for the transition between the paramagnetic and the ordered phase.
In the first part of the thesis, we propose an exactly-solvable one-dimensional model for fermions with long-range p-wave pairing decaying with distance as a power law. We studied the phase diagram by analyzing the critical lines, the decay of correlation functions and the scaling of the von Neumann entropy with the system size. We found two gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay (i) exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range, (ii) purely algebraically. In the latter the entanglement entropy is found to diverge logarithmically. Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing breaks also the conformal symmetry. This can be detected via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. In the second part of the thesis we studied the evolution in time of the entanglement entropy for the Ising model in a transverse field varying linearly in time with different velocities. We found different regimes: an adiabatic one (small velocities) when the system evolves according the instantaneous ground state; a sudden quench (large velocities) when the system is essentially frozen to its initial state; and an intermediate one, where the entropy starts growing linearly but then displays oscillations (also as a function of the velocity). Finally, we discussed the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for the transition between the paramagnetic and the ordered phase.

In the first part of the thesis, we propose an exactly-solvable one-dimensional model for fermions with long-range p-wave pairing decaying with distance as a power law. We studied the phase diagram by analyzing the critical lines, the decay of correlation functions and the scaling of the von Neumann entropy with the system size. We found two gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay (i) exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range, (ii) purely algebraically. In the latter the entanglement entropy is found to diverge logarithmically. Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing breaks also the conformal symmetry. This can be detected via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. In the second part of the thesis we studied the evolution in time of the entanglement entropy for the Ising model in a transverse field varying linearly in time with different velocities. We found different regimes: an adiabatic one (small velocities) when the system evolves according the instantaneous ground state; a sudden quench (large velocities) when the system is essentially frozen to its initial state; and an intermediate one, where the entropy starts growing linearly but then displays oscillations (also as a function of the velocity). Finally, we discussed the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for the transition between the paramagnetic and the ordered phase.
In the first part of the thesis, we propose an exactly-solvable one-dimensional model for fermions with long-range p-wave pairing decaying with distance as a power law. We studied the phase diagram by analyzing the critical lines, the decay of correlation functions and the scaling of the von Neumann entropy with the system size. We found two gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay (i) exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range, (ii) purely algebraically. In the latter the entanglement entropy is found to diverge logarithmically. Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing breaks also the conformal symmetry. This can be detected via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. In the second part of the thesis we studied the evolution in time of the entanglement entropy for the Ising model in a transverse field varying linearly in time with different velocities. We found different regimes: an adiabatic one (small velocities) when the system evolves according the instantaneous ground state; a sudden quench (large velocities) when the system is essentially frozen to its initial state; and an intermediate one, where the entropy starts growing linearly but then displays oscillations (also as a function of the velocity). Finally, we discussed the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for the transition between the paramagnetic and the ordered phase.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and health system impact of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) in Ontario. Methods: Following a review of methods to estimating robust health event rates for small populations, this study described health services use among infants diagnosed with MCADD or received a false positive newborn screening result for MCADD from April 2006 through March 2010. Each cohort was compared with screen negative infants by linking to databases encompassing physician visits, emergency department care, and hospitalizations. Results: Relative to comparison birth cohorts, children with MCADD (n=40) experienced significantly higher rates of all health service types, regardless of age at the time of visit; infants with false positive results for MCADD (n=43) experienced significantly higher rates of physician visits and hospitalizations in the first year of life only. Conclusion: This study makes an important contribution to the limited existing research describing the health system impact of rare diseases.

The field of international development cooperation has experienced an increasing demand for result-driven management over the last decades. However, a clear consensus of the meaning of ‘ results’ is often lacking in initiatives and projects for social change. As the field functions throughout myriads of contexts and cultures, the demand of results therefore brings upon issues of definitions and discourse, as well as underlying values. The goals and strategies set out to achieve certain results are influenced by assumptions that define the problem definition of the targeted issue. A hierarchy in international development, the so-called aid chain, is determined by who provides funding for cooperation projects. The flow of top-down funding is shown to be accompanied by a flow of top-down policies, that are further accompanied by underlying values, problem definitions, and assumptions. This study inquires whether different notions, assumptions, and problem definitions on gender equality across cultures in the aid chain might disturb result-reporting in international projects. Departing from a postcolonial perspective, the content and discourse of the Swedish feminist foreign policy and steering documents from an Indigenous women’s organization in Guatemala are analysed and compared. Seeing policies and policy-making as a significant communicative tool and practice in the field, this study shows how results, goals, strategies, problem definition and assumptions correlate to each other in result-reporting in international development cooperation projects.

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The adoption of green initiatives in supply chains is a basic requirement in the relationship between companies, which must take over the principles of environmental management, involving three important focuses: environment, strategy and logistics. Besides, this type of approach also seeks competitive advantages from better integration with the supplier network, greater acceptance of environmentally friendly products and the reduction of costs. The use of packaging is of great importance for society as it plays fundamental roles such as to guarantee the quality of the product and commercialize it. In this set of circumstances, there is also concern about the final destination of the packages and the impacts they cause on the environment. The purpose of this research is to verify if the adoption of green initiatives in the packaging supply chain affects the Environmental, Economic and Operational results of the companies participating in this chain, according to the perception of professionals who work at these companies. The study was conducted through a survey type research for professionals of different hierarchical levels who work at Brazilian industries in the packaging supply chain. It is a quantitative research, the answers were analyzed through statistical techniques. It is important to highlight that this research counts on the institutional support of ABRE - Brazilian Association of Packaging. The results pointed out in general, according to the professionals interviewed, that it is not possible to show that the adoption of green initiatives influence the achievement of Environmental, Economic and Operational results. The only exception found is the Green Purchase Initiative influencing the Environmental Performance of companies in this Supply Chain.
A adoção de iniciativas verdes nas cadeias de suprimentos é requisito básico no relacionamento entre as empresas, as quais devem assumir os princípios da gestão ambiental, envolvendo três focos importantes: meio ambiente, estratégia e logística. Além disso, este tipo de abordagem também visa a vantagens competitivas a partir da melhor integração com a rede de fornecedores, maior aceitação de produtos ecologicamente corretos e redução de custos. O uso das embalagens é de grande importância para a sociedade, pois elas desempenham muitas funções fundamentais tanto para garantir a qualidade do produto quanto para comercializá-lo. Nesse conjunto de circunstâncias, surge também a preocupação com a destinação final das embalagens e com os impactos que elas provocam ao meio ambiente. Por se tratar de um tema com tal relevância e pouco explorado no Brasil, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se, de fato, a adoção das iniciativas verdes na cadeia de suprimentos de embalagens afeta os resultados ambientais, econômicos e operacionais das empresas participantes dessa cadeia, segundo a percepção dos profissionais que nelas atuam. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de uma pesquisa tipo survey, encaminhada para profissionais de diversos níveis hierárquicos que atuam em indústrias brasileiras da cadeia de suprimentos de embalagens. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, cujas respostas foram analisadas por meio de técnicas estatísticas. É importante destacar que esta pesquisa conta com o apoio institucional da Associação Brasileira de Embalagens (ABRE). Os resultados apontaram de um modo geral, segundo a visão dos profissionais entrevistados, que não é possível evidenciar que a adoção de iniciativas verdes influencia a obtenção de resultados ambientais, econômicos e operacionais. A única exceção encontrada é a Iniciativa de Compras Verdes influenciando o desempenho ambiental das empresas dessa cadeia de suprimentos.

‘Every human conduct that is not totally impulsive or just routine mechanics seems to be guided by an evaluation process’ (Dewey, 1939). Switching away from this individual definition of evaluation, the thesis acknowledges the definition given by OECD-DAC and focus the experimentation of well-known multicriteria decision aiding methodologies for ex-ante assessment in a specific development cooperation case study. Chapters 1 and 2, resume the structured bibliographic that has been conducted in order to identify an updated sample of literature about evaluation in development cooperation. During the evolution of the sector, several approaches and methodologies have been conceived and are continuously developing in order to match the variety of evaluanda and contexts. So, three main approaches can be defined, still keeping in mind that they are interlaced in their mutual evolution: the “Positivist-Experimental”, the “Pragmatist-Quality” and the “Constructive-Social Process” approaches group the contributions of several authors, ranging from the more theoretical philosophical basis to the development of specific methodologies and practical techniques. The reality of human development today, as defined by UN through SDGs, requests a multifaceted approach that is capable of mixing the existing approaches, methodologies and techniques. Pluralism of values and focus on the real use of evaluation results through participatory knowledge management are the key elements of the “Constructivist-Social Process approach” which is gaining attention in development cooperation evaluation systems. The literature review took in consideration the state of art of governmental and non-governmental organizations for worldwide and brought to the conclusion that ESs are nowadays in the middle of a renovation process which is far from being concluded. For this reason, we worked in order to provide new insights about sound methodologies able to integrate the different paradigms and methodologies in order to keep methodological robustness and allow a transformative evaluation process to take place in a specific case study. Chapter 3 frames our case study that is located in the Diocese of Goma, Nord Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. The framework for this case study is provided by a 3-year EU-funded project called ARDST ‘Appui au retour de réfugiés et déplacés par le biais de la sécurisation de terres en Diocèse de Goma’, led by Caritas Development Goma NGO. The project started in February 2016 and ended in June 2019. In this context our research group was asked to lead a strategic sectoral evaluation. The aim of the evaluation was to inform the choice of interventions meant to trigger sustainable agricultural development in the Diocese of Goma. Chapters 4 to 6 report the pre-print version of three scientific papers issued from the research. Chapter 4 deals with the sketching of a spatial decision support system aimed at Multi-Criteria Evaluation of potential pilot sites for agricultural development and refugees’ resettlement. Land disputes are considered both key sources and perpetuating factors of conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Existing literature demonstrates that remote sensing is a useful tool for systematically monitor the spatial-temporal land use/land cover dynamics in many regions of the world. For this reason, in this Chapter we propose a methodology for the integration of different sources of information, namely satellite imagery and census information, in order to set up multi-method approach for evidence-based decision-making in development cooperation. Chapter 5 deals with the use of a simplified multicriteria decision-making methodology and namely the application of a simplified form of pairwise ranking (SPWR). International Aid initiatives involve complex real-world decision-making problems in all their relevant phases. Agri-environmental and generally landscape-scale issues are the typical target of participative decision-making procedures as they involve community resources planning. To successfully solve the complex real-world problems multi-criteria group decision-making approaches are recognized as reliable and effective. Main research questions are : What are the priorities for intervention in order to achieve sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the case study? Is SPWR a sound technique to prioritize different alternatives for intervention while improving group consensus in real-world complex cases? SPWR was found to be a useful technique for eliciting discussion among a multidisciplinary group for pointing out and discuss inconsistencies in decision makers’ preferences. Moreover, the final group ranking matches the existing guidelines for sustainable agricultural development in the region demonstrating that SPWR is a sound technique for prioritization of alternatives in the fields of agricultural development and international aid. Chapter 6 deals with the use of a modified form of analytic hierarchy process, namely the participatory analytic hierarchy process (PAHP), as a tool for choice criteria elicitation and resource allocation in the framework of our case study. In the field of international aid the participatory approaches to assessment, research, management and budgeting have been widely studied and applied in the last decades, mostly because international aid initiatives, in all their relevant phases from planning through implementation, monitoring and evaluation, are faced with the problem of identifying initiatives that could be successfully and sustainably implemented. During our research, we were able to make use of most frequent inconsistencies in pairwise comparison matrixes in order to stimulate the debate, to adjust local preferences and to build consensus across the group. From an operational point of view, the PAHP methodology was also suited for training the project team and for identifying a shared resource allocation pattern, which matches the existing international guidelines for agricultural development in the region. Finally, in Chapter 7, we use the results of our research to support the proposal of the wider use of the experimented evaluation approaches and methodologies as tools for fostering the diffusion of evaluation culture in development cooperation, which in turns is a key objective to foster the impact of interventions aiming sustainability. In fact, in development cooperation, the dissemination at all levels of a culture of evaluation and the construction of solid, adaptive and inclusive feedback and decision-making systems are seen as possible solutions to the everlasting doubt about development cooperation impact. In our research, we experimented a methodological approach and some specific multicriteria participatory techniques that should be taken into account when trying to link in a completely interconnected chain, the cooperation results on different scales and to evaluate, both ex-ante and ex-post, its overall contribution towards the SDGs.

This thesis examined the delay causes of Malaysian public sector projects. Using a systematic approach, the researcher identified the main delay factors and categorised them into pathogens. The pathogens were matched with beneficial Supply Chain Management (SCM) tools and developed into a holistic SCM framework to facilitate improvements in Malaysian public sector projects. The researcher concluded that SCM is the potential saviour for the delay dilemma and that it is necessary for the Malaysian government to initiate the revolutionary practice.

We provide contributions to two classical areas of queueing. The first part of this thesis focuses on finding new conditions for a Markov chain on a general state space to be Harris recurrent, positive Harris recurrent or geometrically ergodic. Most of our results show that establishing each property listed above is equivalent to finding a good enough feasible solution to a particular optimal stopping problem, and they provide a more complete understanding of the role Foster's criterion plays in the theory of Markov chains. The second and third parts of the thesis involve analyzing queues from a transient, or time-dependent perspective. In part two, we are interested in looking at a queueing system from the perspective of a customer that arrives at a fixed time t. Doing this requires us to use tools from Palm theory. From an intuitive standpoint, Palm probabilities provide us with a way of computing probabilities of events, while conditioning on sets of measure zero. Many studies exist in the literature that deal with Palm probabilities for stationary systems, but very few treat the non-stationary case. As an application of our main results, we show that many classical results from queueing (in particular ASTA and Little's law) can be generalized to a time-dependent setting. In part three, we establish a continuity result for what we refer to as jump processes. From a queueing perspective, we basically show that if the primitives and the initial conditions of a sequence of queueing processes converge weakly, then the corresponding queue-length processes converge weakly as well in some sense. Here the notion of convergence used depends on properties of the limiting process, therefore our results generalize classical continuity results that exist in the literature. The way our results can be used to approximate queueing systems is analogous to the way phase-type random variables can be used to approximate other types of random variables.

Denna studie behandlar dilemmat med ett konsumtionssamhälle som präglas av en linjär ekonomi och de negativa konsekvenserna det medför. Välstånd är i många fall starkt förknippat med en ekonomisk tillväxt vilket främjas av ett konsumtionssamhälle. Samtidigt kan inte ekonomin fortsätta växa i all framtid utan att miljön tar skada. För att lösa paradoxen behövs att företag är drivande i att ställa om till en cirkulär ekonomi. I en cirkulär ekonomi behålls resurserna i samhället i kretslopp istället för att förbrukas och bli till avfall. Genom att återanvända och återvinna produkter, material och resurser kan det ekonomiska värdet behållas. Ett tydligt problem är låg kunskap inom området, bristande affärsmodeller och att företag inte ser de ekonomiska fördelarna med en omställning till en cirkulär ekonomi. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur företag inom produktion och distributionssektorn kan utveckla och förbättra omställningen till en cirkulär ekonomi. Forskningen är baserad på en kvalitativ metod. Den litteraturöversikt som har använts i studien är baserat på litteratur inom cirkulär ekonomi och Green Supply Chain Management. Insamling av data till den empiriska undersökningen har utförts genom djupgående intervjuer tillsammans med försäljningschefer och vice direktörer på tre företag. Vidare ha insamlad data transkriberats och analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Studiens relevans har bekräftats av resultatet. Den empiriska studien styrker behovet av tydliga direktiv och riktlinjer för att utveckla och underlätta omställningen mot en cirkulär ekonomi och GSCM. Något som respondenter från de utvalda företagen anser vara nödvändigt för att utveckla och upprätthålla höga hållbarhetsstandarder som genomsyrar hela värdekedjan. Företag inom produktion- och distributionssektorn kan förbättra omställningsprocessen genom att bryta ned processen i mindre faser. Genom att analysera implementeringsprocessen utifrån fyra identifierade faser; drivkrafter, hinder, implementeringsmetoder och resultat, underlättas omställningen. Vilket även skapar förutsättningar för kontinuerlig utveckling och förbättring av cirkulärekonmiska modeller och gröna leveranskedjor. Denna studie kan ligga till grund för vidare forskning och utveckling av tydliga direktiv och riktlinjer för implementering och vidareutveckling av cirkulär ekonomi och GSCM. Identifierade implementeringsfaser såsom drivkrafter, hinder, implementeringsmetoder samt resultat kan nyttjas för att undersöka vidareutveckling av omställningsprocessen mot cirkulär ekonomi och GSCM som en del i affärsmodellen. Denna forskning har fokuserats till ett internt perspektiv på cirkulär ekonomi och GSCM, således skulle ett annat förslag till vidare forskning kunna vara inriktad på ämnesområdet sett ur ett externt perspektiv.
This thesis addresses the issue with a consumer society characterized by a linear economy and the negative consequences it entails. In many cases, prosperity is strongly associated to economic growth based on a consumer society. Simultaneously, the economy cannot continue to grow in eternity without harming the environment. In order to solve the paradox, corporations need to be driven in changing to a circular economy. In a circular economy all resources are kept in circulation instead of being consumed and turned into waste. By reusing products, materials and resources the economic value can be maintained. A problem is lack of knowledge in the area, inadequate business models and the fact that corporations do not see the economic benefits of switching to a circular economy. Thus, the purpose with this study is to investigate how corporations within the producing and distributing sector can develop and identify possibilities to improve the transition to a circular economy. This thesis is based on a qualitative method. The literature overview is based on literature in in circular economy and Green Supply Chain Management. Collection of data for the empirical investigation has been collected through in depth interviews together with sales directors and CEOs at three corporations. Further, the collected data has been transcribed and analyzed through a thematic analysis. The relevance of the study has been confirmed by the results. The empirical study clarifies the need demand of distinct directives and guidelines for development and to facilitate the transition towards a circular economy and GSCM. Which is an opinion shared by all respondents who each and every one considers necessary in order to develop and maintain high sustainability standards that permeate the entire value chain. Corporations within the production and distribution sector can improve the conversion process through a break-down-procedure. Through analysis of the implementation process by four smaller phases; drivers, barriers, implementation methods and performances, the transition will be facilitated. Which also enables continuous development and improvements of circular economy models and green supply chains. This study can form the base for future research and development of distinct directives and guidelines for the implementation process and further evolutions of circular economy and GSCM. Identified implementation phases such as drivers, barriers, implementation methods and performance can be used to study further development of the conversion process towards circular economy and GSCM as a part of the business model. An internal perspective on circular economics and GSCM has been the focus for this study, thus proposal for future research could be focused to the subject from an external perspective.

Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick der Neuerungen im Werkzeug Mechanism der Creo Versionen 1.0 und 2.0. Zudem werden 10 hilfreiche "Tips und Tricks" vorgestellt, welche den Mechanismuseinsatz vereinfachen.

Les propriétés thermodynamiques des fluides pétroliers, en particulier les propriétés PVT, dépendent fortement de la nature des constituants lourds. Il est donc très important de disposer d'informations sur ce type de constituants. Le but de notre travail est une contribution à la mesure des propriétés thermodynamiques de tels constituants et de leurs mélanges et leur corrélation par des méthodes de contribution de groupes. Nous avons mesuré les capacités calorifiques de 23 hydrocarbures en phase liquide. Les résultats sont utilisés pour vérifier la méthode de contribution de groupe de Benson dans le cas d'hydrocarbures lourds et l'extension de sa validité à des températures élevées. Pour accéder aux fonctions thermodynamiques de mélanges, nous avons effectué les mesures de 13 systèmes de solubilités et 13 systèmes d'enthalpie de mélanges. Le traitement thermodynamique de ces mélanges est réalisé au moyen des méthodes de contribution de groupes de Larsen, Gmehling et Kehiaian

Hälso- och sjukvården har höga krav som branschen har svårt att uppfylla. Logistik har fått en ökad betydelse inom sektorn och handlar i detta fall om att på kortast tid få en patient färdigbehandlad. Denna rapport tar fram logistiska förändringsprinciper som är framgångsrika i hälso- och sjukvården. En litteraturstudie visar att det finns ett antal logistiska förändringsprinciper och verktyg som med positivt resultat har anpassats till hälso- och sjukvården. Dessa är; Lean production, processorientering, flödesorientering, Time-based competition, Theory of Constraints, Supply chain management, Planering, Mål och mätmetoder, Patienten i fokus, Genombrott och Advanced access. Fallstudier visar att vårdenheter i de flesta fall inte arbetar med specifika förändringsprinciper utan metoder hämtade från flera principer. Många av dessa metoder återkommer i åtskilliga förändringsprinciper och de vanligaste metoderna som identifierats både i litteraturstudien och i fallstudien och därför anses vara framgångsrika är; eliminering av slöseri, standardiseringar, kartläggning av flöde eller process och samverkan inom den egna enheten. Dessa metoder kan härledas till principerna Lean production, processorientering och Genombrott. Viktigt att poängtera är att förändringsprinciperna måste anpassas till den specifika situationen och vårdenheten.

Parallel robots with configurable platform are a class of parallel robots in which the end-effector is a closed-loop flexible chain of rigid links. We have developed a 5-RRR planar mechanism that features a flexible 5-bar chain as end-effector. The angles between adjacent sides of this chain can be controlled through the actuated revolute joints attached to the base of the mechanism. This thesis consists in the geometrical design of n-RRR planar parallel robots and in the study of the Direct Kinematics for 4-, 5- and 6-RRR mechanisms using Bilateration, a method that greatly reduces the computational time for the kinematic analysis. The next step is the singularity analysis for the n-RRR robot architectures; finally, in the last part of this thesis we present the results from experimental tests that have been performed on a 5-RRR robot prototype.

Introdução: O linfoma difuso de grandes células B é o mais freqüente grupo de linfoma não- Hodgkin, perfazendo quase 50% dos casos no serviço de hematologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. Possui heterogeneidade clínica e biológica traduzida em mais de vinte subtipos na Organização Mundial da Saúde. Sua terapêutica se baseia na associação do anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD20 e quimioterapia com antracíclico, esquema que resulta em 43,5% de sobrevida global em 10 anos. Determinantes de prognóstico clínico como o Índice Internacional de Prognóstico e o Índice Internacional de Prognóstico Revisado carecem de acurácia, pois até 20% dos pacientes de baixo risco falecerão da doença e 60% dos pacientes de alto risco estarão vivos em quatro anos. Essas discrepâncias podem, em parte, ser atribuídas a fatores genéticos. A assinatura gênica do linfoma difuso de grandes células B tipo centro germinativo apresenta sobrevida global superior ao tipo células B ativadas (76% versus 16%, p=0,01), contudo o perfil de expressão gênica por microarray ainda não está disponível na prática clínica. Entretanto, o escore preditivo de mortalidade para linfoma difuso de grandes células B baseado no valor prognóstico da expressão dos genes BCL2, BCL6, CCND2, FN1, LMO2 e SCYA3 por PCR em tempo real quantitativa mostrou-se independente do Índice Internacional de Prognóstico na era pré-rituximabe. Mas não foi significante em pacientes de alto risco clínico tratados com R-CHOP. Os genes BCL2, CCND2 e SCYA3 integram a assinatura de células B ativadas, BCL6 e LMO2 a do centro germinativo e FN1 a linfonodal. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da expressão absoluta dos genes BCL2, BCL6, CCND2, FN1, LMO2 e SCYA3 em população brasileira com linfoma difuso de grandes células B tratada com R-CHOP em relação à resposta global, sobrevida livre de doença, sobrevida livre de progressão e sobrevida global. Métodos: A expressão gênica foi analisada por PCR em tempo real quantitativa de RNA extraído de amostras parafinadas de 63 pacientes, porém foi avaliável em 42. Seus valores foram normatizados pelo gene endógeno ABL e transformados em escala logarítmica na base 2 para posterior correlação com variáveis clínicas e de desfecho. Resultados: Com mediana de seguimento de 29 meses, as sobrevidas global, livre de doença e livre de progressão foram, respectivamente, 82,8%, 97,14% e 87,53%, enquanto a resposta completa foi 82,5%. A expressão de LMO2>3logs e BCL6>3,5logs definiu um grupo de maior sobrevida global (91% versus 64,3%, p=0,040) e sobrevida livre de doença (95,5% versus 70,7%, p=0,03), independentemente do Índice Internacional de Prognóstico (p=0,010 e p=0,042) e com significativa hiperexpressão do SCYA3 (p=0,046). Não se observou associação entre escore preditivo de mortalidade baseado nos seis genes e prognóstico. Assim, foi criado novo escore genético prognóstico baseado no poder da expressão concomitante de LMO2 e CCND2, definindo-se grupos de baixo risco (<2,5) e alto risco (>=2,5) com distintas sobrevidas global (92,4% versus 57,1%, p=0,011) e livre de progressão (96,2% versus 66,7%, p=0,013), independentes do IPI. Conclusão: Em pacientes com linfoma difuso de grandes células B tratados com R-CHOP, a hiperexpressão de BCL6, LMO2 e SCYA3 correlacionou-se com melhor prognóstico. O novo escore genético prognóstico definido por LMO2 e CCND2 estratificou grupos de risco de prognósticos distintos independentes do Índice Internacional de Prognóstico
Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; which accounts for almost 50% of the cases at the Hematology Department of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. Its clinical and biological heterogeneity results in more than twenty subtypes according to the World Health Organization classification. Its treatment is based on a combination of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and antracycline-based chemotherapy, with a 10-year overall survival of 43.5%. Clinical prognostic determinants such as the International Prognostic Index and the Revised International Prognostic Index lack accuracy, since up to 20% of low-risk patients will die from the disease and up to 60% of high-risk patients will be alive within four years. Such discrepancies can partially be attributed to genetic factors. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma germinal center gene signature shows superior overall survival compared to activated B-cell signature (76% versus 16%, p=0.01), however microarray gene expression profile is not yet available in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the Mortality Predictor Score for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on the prognostic value of BCL2, BCL6, CCND2, FN1, LMO2 and SCYA3 gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR has proved to be independent from the International Prognostic Index in the pre-rituximab era. But it was not significant in high clinical risk patients treated with R-CHOP. The genes BCL2, CCND2 and SCYA3 compose activated B-cell signature, whereas BCL6 and LMO2 compose the germinal center signature and FN1 the lymph-node signature. Objective: Evaluate the impact of BCL2, BCL6, CCND2, FN1, LMO2 and SCYA3 absolute gene expression in Brazilian population diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and treated with R-CHOP, with respect to overall response, disease free survival, progression free survival and overall survival. Methods: Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR of RNA extracted from paraffin-embedded samples of 63 patients, although evaluable in 42. Their values were normalized by endogenous gene ABL and log- transformed on a base 2 scale for subsequent correlation with clinical and outcome variables. Results: With a median follow-up of 29 months, overall survival, disease free survival and progression free survival accounted for 82.8%, 97.14% and 87.53% respectively, while complete response was 82.5%. The expression of LMO2>3logs and BCL6>3.5logs defined a group with higher overall survival (91% versus 64.3%, p=0.040) and progression free survival (95.5% versus 70.7%, p=0.03), independent of International Prognostic Index (p=0.010 and p=0.042) and with significant overexpression of SCYA3 (p=0.046). It was not identified any association between six gene Mortality Predictor Score and prognosis. As a result, we developed the New Genetic Prognostic Score based on the power of concomitant expression of LMO2 and CCND2, defining low-risk (<2.5) and high-risk (>=2.5) groups with distinct overall survival (92.4% versus 57.1%, p=0.011) and progression free survival (96.2% versus 66.7%, p=0.013), independent of International Prognostic Index. Conclusion: In patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP, hyperexpression of BCL6, LMO2 and SCYA3 was correlated with a better prognosis. The New Genetic Prognostic Score, defined by LMO2 and CCND2, stratified risk groups with different prognosis, independent of International Prognostic Index

Doutoramento em Bioquímica
Os polissacarídeos são os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café verde e torrado e da bebida de café. Os mais abundantes são as galactomananas, seguindo-se as arabinogalactanas. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas sofrem modificações estruturais, as quais estão longe de estar completamente elucidadas devido à sua diversidade e à complexidade estrutural dos compostos formados. Durante o processo de torra, as galactomananas e arabinogalactanas reagem com proteínas, ácidos clorogénicos e sacarose, originando compostos castanhos de alto peso molecular contendo nitrogénio, designados de melanoidinas. As melanoidinas do café apresentam diversas atividades biológicas e efeitos benéficos para a saúde. No entanto, a sua estrutura exata e os mecanismos envolvidos na sua formação permanecem desconhecidos, bem como a relação estrutura-atividade biológica. A utilização de sistemas modelo e a análise por espectrometria de massa permitem obter uma visão global e, simultaneamente, detalhada das modificações estruturais nos polissacarídeos do café promovidas pela torra, contribuindo para a elucidação das estruturas e mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas. Com base nesta tese, oligossacarídeos estruturalmente relacionados com a cadeia principal das galactomananas, (β1→4)-Dmanotriose (Man3), e as cadeias laterais das arabinogalactanas, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose (Ara3), isoladamente ou em misturas com ácido 5-Ocafeoilquínico (5-CQA), o ácido clorogénico mais abundante nos grãos de café verde, e péptidos compostos por tirosina e leucina, usados como modelos das proteínas, foram sujeitos a tratamento térmico a seco, mimetizando o processo de torra. A oxidação induzida por radicais hidroxilo (HO•) foi também estudada, uma vez que estes radicais parecem estar envolvidos na modificação dos polissacarídeos durante a torra. A identificação das modificações estruturais induzidas por tratamento térmico e oxidativo dos compostos modelo foi feita por estratégias analíticas baseadas principalmente em espectrometria de massa, mas também em cromatografia líquida. A cromatografia de gás foi usada na análise de açúcares neutros e ligações glicosídicas. Para validar as conclusões obtidas com os compostos modelo, foram também analisadas amostras de polissacarídeos do café obtidas a partir de resíduo de café e café instantâneo. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos oligossacarídeos modelo quando submetidos a tratamento térmico (seco), assim como à oxidação induzida por HO• (em solução), indicam a ocorrência de despolimerização, o que está de acordo com estudos anteriores que reportam a despolimerização das galactomananas e arabinogalactanas do café durante a torra. Foram ainda identificados outros compostos resultantes da quebra do anel de açúcares formados durante o tratamento térmico e oxidativo da Ara3. Por outro lado, o tratamento térmico a seco dos oligossacarídeos modelo (individualmente ou quando misturados) promoveu a formação de oligossacarídeos com um maior grau de polimerização, e também polissacarídeos com novos tipos de ligações glicosídicas, evidenciando a ocorrência de polimerização através reações de transglicosilação não enzimática induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco. As reações de transglicosilação induzidas por tratamento térmico a seco podem ocorrer entre resíduos de açúcares provenientes da mesma origem, mas também de origens diferentes com formação de estruturas híbridas, contendo arabinose e manose como observado nos casos dos compostos modelo usados. Os resultados obtidos a partir de amostras do resíduo de café e de café instantâneo sugerem a presença de polissacarídeos híbridos nestas amostras de café processado, corroborando a ocorrência de transglicosilação durante o processo de torra. Além disso, o estudo de misturas contendo diferentes proporções de cada oligossacarídeo modelo, mimetizando regiões do grão de café com composição distinta em polissacarídeos, sujeitos a diferentes períodos de tratamento térmico, permitiu inferir que diferentes estruturas híbridas e não híbridas podem ser formadas a partir das arabinogalactanas e galactomananas, dependendo da sua distribuição nas paredes celulares do grão e das condições de torra. Estes resultados podem explicar a heterogeneidade de estruturas de melanoidinas formadas durante a torra do café. Os resultados obtidos a partir de misturas modelo contendo um oligossacarídeo (Ara3 ou Man3) e 5-CQA sujeitas a tratamento térmico a seco, assim como de amostras provenientes do resíduo de café, mostraram a formação de compostos híbridos compostos por moléculas de CQA ligadas covalentemente a um número variável de resíduos de açúcar. Além disso, os resultados obtidos a partir da mistura contendo Man3 e 5-CQA mostraram que o CQA atua como catalisador das reações de transglicosilação. Por outro lado, nas misturas modelo contendo um péptido, mesmo contendo também 5-CQA e sujeitas ao mesmo tratamento, observou-se uma diminuição na extensão das reações transglicosilação. Este resultado pode explicar a baixa extensão das reações de transglicosilação não enzimáticas durante a torra nas regiões do grão de café mais ricas em proteínas, apesar dos polissacarídeos serem os componentes maioritários dos grãos de café. A diminuição das reações de transglicosilação na presença de péptidos/proteínas pode dever-se ao facto de os resíduos de açúcares redutores reagirem preferencialmente com os grupos amina de péptidos/proteínas por reação de Maillard, diminuindo o número de resíduos de açúcares redutores disponíveis para as reações de transglicosilação. Além dos compostos já descritos, uma diversidade de outros compostos foram formados a partir dos sistemas modelo, nomeadamente derivados de desidratação formados durante o tratamento térmico a seco. Em conclusão, a tipificação das modificações estruturais promovidas pela torra nos polissacarídeos do café abre o caminho para a compreensão dos mecanismos de formação das melanoidinas e da relação estrutura-atividade destes compostos.
Polysaccharides are the major components of green and roasted coffee beans, and coffee brew. The most abundant ones are galactomannans, followed by arabinogalactans. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans undergo structural modifications that are far to be completely elucidated due to their diversity and complexity of the compounds formed. During the roasting process, galactomannans and arabinogalactans react with proteins, chlorogenic acids, and sucrose, originating high molecular weight brown compounds containing nitrogen, known as melanoidins. Several biological activities and beneficial health effects have been attributed to coffee melanoidins. However, their exact structures and the mechanisms involved in their formation remain unknown, as well as the structure-biological activity relationship. The use of model systems and mass spectrometry analysis allow to obtain an overall view and, simultaneously, detailed, of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting, contributing to the elucidation of the structures and formation mechanisms of melanoidins. Based on this thesis, oligosaccharides structurally related to the backbone of galactomannans, (β1→4)-D-mannotriose, and the side chains of arabinogalactans, (α1→5)-Larabinotriose, alone or in mixtures with 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, the most abundant chlorogenic acid in green coffee beans, and dipeptides composed by tyrosine and leucine, used as models of proteins, were submitted to dry thermal treatments, mimicking the coffee roasting process. The oxidation induced by hydroxyl radicals (HO•) was also studied, since these radicals seem to be involved in the modification of the polysaccharides during roasting. The identification of the structural modifications induced by thermal and oxidative treatment of the model compounds was performed mostly by mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies, but also using liquid chromatography. Gas chromatography was used in the analysis of neutral sugars and glycosidic linkages. To validate the conclusions achieved with the model compounds, coffee polysaccharide samples obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee were also analysed. The results obtained from the model oligosaccharides when submitted to thermal treatment (dry) or oxidation induced by HO• (in solution) indicate the occurrence of depolymerization, which is in line with previous studies reporting the depolymerization of coffee galactomannans and arabinogalactans during roasting. Compounds resulting from sugar ring cleavage were also formed during thermal treatment and oxidative treatment of Ara3. On the other hand, the dry thermal treatment of the model oligosaccharides (alone or when mixed) promoted the formation of oligosaccharides with a higher degree of polymerization, and also polysaccharides with new type of glycosidic linkages, evidencing the occurrence of polymerization via non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment. The transglycosylation reactions induced by dry thermal treatment can occur between sugar residues from the same origin, but also of different origins, with formation of hybrid structures, containing arabinose and mannose in the case of the model compounds used. The results obtained from spent coffee grounds and instant coffee samples suggest the presence of hybrid polysaccharides in these processed coffee samples, corroborating the occurrence of transglycosylation during the roasting process. Furthermore, the study of mixtures containing different proportions of each model oligosaccharide, mimicking coffee bean regions with distinct polysaccharide composition, subjected to different periods of thermal treatment, allowed to infer that different hybrid and non-hybrid structures may be formed from arabinogalactans and galactomannans, depending on their distribution in the bean cell walls and on roasting conditions. These results may explain the heterogeneity of melanoidins structures formed during coffee roasting. The results obtained from model mixtures containing an oligosaccharide (Ara3 or Man3) and 5-CQA and subjected to dry thermal treatment, as well as samples derived from spent coffee grounds, showed the formation of hybrid compounds composed by CQA molecules covalently linked to a variable number of sugar residues. Moreover, the results obtained from the mixture containing Man3 and 5-CQA showed that CQA acts as catalyst of transglycosylation reactions. On the other hand, in the model mixtures containing a peptide, even if containing 5-CQA and subjected to the same treatment, it was observed a decrease in the extent of transglycosylation reactions. This outcome can explain the low extent of non-enzymatic transglycosylation reactions during roasting in coffee bean regions enriched in proteins, although polysaccharides are the major components of the coffee beans. The decrease of transglycosylation reactions in the presence of peptides/proteins can be related with the preferential reactivity of reducing residues with the amino groups of peptides/proteins by Maillard reaction, decreasing the number of reducing residues available to be directly involved in the transglycosylation reactions. In addition to the compounds already described, a diversity of other compounds were formed from model systems, namely dehydrated derivatives formed during dry thermal treatment. In conclusion, the identification of the structural modifications in coffee polysaccharides promoted by roasting pave the way to the understanding of the mechanisms of formation of melanoidins and structure-activity relationship of these compounds.

The effects of harvesting Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) were examined with a multi-species numerical model composed of seven logistic growth equations coupled by a food web. The food web was composed of: California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), hake, sablefish (Anaplopoma fimbria), spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), a generic rockfish species (Sebastes spp.), Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and a generic euphausiid species (as an example, Pacific krill, Euphausia pacifica). The model was tuned to mimic stock assessment biomass estimates for the years 1980 to 1991, after which a short term experiment and a sensitivity analysis were conducted. The short term experiment used a factorial design, with hake fishing and fishing for rockfish, sablefish, and anchovy as treatments. It was analyzed with scale analysis techniques. The results indicate that hake (from a management viewpoint) is potentially most important in the offshore community as a prey item for sea lions and as a predator on anchovies, but hake fishing mortality had a small effect on either population during the time span of the experiment. Results also suggest that hake has little or no competitive interaction with other species that are trophically similar. Increased harvesting of hake would probably do little to increase the biomass of rockfish or sablefish. The general conclusion of both the sensitivity analysis and the experiment is that species below their carrying capacity are mostly affected by changes in growth and removal processes while species close to their carrying capacity are mostly affected by processes controlling prey availability. A forty year projection from 1991 to 2031 was conducted to examine the effects of hake fishing on sea lion and anchovy biomass. Results indicate that sea lion biomass will vary inversely with hake fishing effort, while anchovy biomass is directly proportional to hake fishing effort. Results also indicate that hake experience environmental conditions not favorable to recruitment. During favorable conditions the hake population builds up a "surplus" that carries it through periods of unfavorable conditions. Increased hake fishing effort reduces the response of the population to favorable conditions. The results of this research constitute a step from the theory toward the practice of proactive multi-species and ecosystem management.
Graduation date: 1995

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系
92
In spite that the Circulation Industry grows rapidly, this industry is in shortage of human resources and it is difficult to train employees for this industry. Appling the Sandwich-teaching Method suggest a way to solve the lack in human power and develop students' understanding and interests upon the Circulation industry by way of training process. It could also avoid wasting of education resources for later highly staff circulating rate. This research aims to approach the teaching effect of Sandwich-teaching Method in the Circulation Management Departments of Vocational and Technological Colleges and Institutes. The purpose of the research will be stated as follows: 1. To understand the practical models of Sandwich-teaching Method in the Circulation Management Departments 2. To comprehend the necessity, satisfaction degree of implementation and viewpoint of implementation effect toward Sandwich-teaching Method for students, (specialized) teachers and cooperative enterprises in the Circulation Management Departments of Vocational and Technological Colleges and Institutes 3. To recognize the necessity, the satisfaction degree of implementation, and the differences of implementation effects based on the population statistic reference data of three fields (namely: students. Specialized teachers and cooperative enterprises) 4. To realize the necessity, the satisfaction degree of implementation and the differences of implementation effects among the three fields 5. To submit research discoveries and suggestions for schools to improve Sandwich-teaching Method and as a reference data for enterprises to promote human power resources The cooperative objects of the research involve students taking part-time jobs in ordinary grocery stores and convenience chain stores, specialized teachers and enterprises executives. We use questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with the assistance of t test, simple factor variation analysis and IPA as the way for documentary material (data) analysis. The main analytical outcome will be stated as follows: 1. The application models of Sandwich-teaching Method in the Circulation Management Departments of Vocational and Technological Colleges and Institutes will be different due to different schools and different school systems. 2. Students regard the Sandwich-teaching Method highly necessary. Their satisfaction is around medium, while their comments for its effects are between agreeable and normal. Students, with the training period between 1 to 3 years or studying in Fortune Institute of Technology, have higher requirements for the Method. For students, aged under 20, studying, in Fortune Institute of Technology, with the training period under 8 month, or 8 months to 1 year or 1-2 years, have higher satisfaction degree. Male students, aged under 20, with the training period under 8 months, or over 8 months to 1 year or 1-2 years or studying in Jin-Wen Institute of Technology and National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology have higher regards to its results. 3. For the necessity of Sandwich-teaching Method, the satisfaction rate of specialized teachers is between satisfied and normal. For the viewpoint of the application effects, it falls between agreeable and normal. While for identification degree of application effects, specialized teachers who have 7-10 year teaching experience or serve in National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology have higher identification. 4. The executives of cooperative enterprises consider it (Sandwich-teaching Method) necessary but with normal satisfaction. Executives, aged 31 to 40, have higher requirement while executives with college (or university) diploma feel higher satisfied. 5. The Sandwich-teaching Method which combines the three fields of schools, students and enterprises into one unit enable students to fully learn theory basis and then apply the theories into practical work. 6. For schools, they put their emphasis on learning content and learning outcome. For enterprises, they concern about students' contribution to Sales market. For students, they aim to have higher education. 7. The training and working opportunities after graduation will be the main factors to decide whether Sandwich- teaching Method will succeed to not. 8. Teachers could learn in the chance to visit Circulation Industries, while the enterprises could recommend its experienced executives to lecture in schools so as to fully combine the theory and practical work. We will respectively advance 25 suggestions for the authorities, schools, students and cooperative enterprises according to the outcome of the research in the hope to develop the Sandwich-teaching Method and as a reference data for promoting human resources so as to fulfill the accomplishment of the Sandwich-teaching Method.