Journal articles on the topic 'Restriction of body movement'
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1
Blanchard, Joel, Brian W. McCrindle, and Patricia E. Longmuir. "The Impact of Physical Activity Restrictions on Health-Related Fitness in Children with Congenital Heart Disease." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084426.
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Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are often restricted from some types of physical activity (PA) despite the lack of evidence regarding the need to restrict recreational PA, apart from those with rhythm disorders. This study retrospectively investigated the associations between parent-reported activity restrictions (on-going need to restrict exertion, body contact or competition) and measures of health-related fitness among 236 children (8.2 ± 2.1 years, range 4–12 years) treated for single ventricle (n = 104), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 48), transposition of the great arteries (n = 47) or atrial septal defect (n = 37). Body mass index (BMI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; 7 day accelerometry), strength, flexibility, and movement skill assessment results were collected from the baseline assessment research records for two studies completed in Ontario, Canada. A subset of 62 children also had physician-reported activity restrictions. Regression models empirically tested the goodness of fit between the dependent and independent variables. Participants with body contact restrictions from both parents and physicians had significantly higher BMI z-scores (0.23 ± 1.19 vs. −0.32 ± 0.85; t = 2.55; p = 0.04 and 0.66 ± 1.33 vs. −0.02 ± 0.98; t = 2.25; p = 0.02 for CDC and WHO scores, respectively). Otherwise, BMI z-score was not associated with patient variables (p > 0.36; sex, cardiac diagnosis, age, or activity restriction). Children with any type of parent-reported restriction (0.98 ± 2.06 vs. −0.08 ± 1.99; t = 3.77; p = 0.0002) were less flexible. Movement skill (TGMD-2) scores were 50% lower (25.1 ± 31.2 vs. 52.6 ± 28.6; F = 6.93; p = 0.009) among children with parent-reported competitive sport restrictions. Weekly MVPA (p > 0.18) and strength (p > 0.05) were not associated with activity restriction. Children whose parents reported PA restrictions were less flexible, and had decreased movement skill and increased BMI z-scores if the restrictions impacted competitive sport or body contact, respectively. Future research is recommended to confirm these results among larger samples of children who have both parent- and physician-specified PA restrictions.
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Shetty, Siddharth, Vikram Shetty, B. J. P. Shetty, and Shubha P. Bhat. "A COMBINATION OF PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS AND SYNOVIAL CHONDROMATOSIS PRESENTING AS A LARGE LOOSE BODY IN KNEE." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 02, no. 03 (September 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703591.
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AbstractIntra-articular calcific lesions of knee usually manifest as loose bodies with symptoms of recurring episodes of locking and restriction of movement. These loose bodies are a consequence of trauma or degeneration of structures in the joint and occasionally may be of inflammatory or neoplastic condition of the synovium.Here we present our case as a rare form of presentation where in our patient had a large loose body in the knee with chronic pain and swelling and restriction of the movements of knee. Arthrotomy, loose body excision and total synovectomy of the knee confirmed coexistence of a dual lesion of synovial chondromatosis of the Hoffa's fat pad with diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee joint. The patient made an uneventful recovery and full range of knee movement was restored by end 3 months. These benign conditions have inherent risk of recurrence, and in our case, till the last follow up at 14 months after surgery, he has remained asymptomatic with no clinico radiological evidence of any recurrence.
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Jones, Keith S., and Benjamin P. Widlus. "Do exploratory arm movements contribute to maximum reach distance judgements?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 1301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820911045.
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Exploratory movements provide information about agents’ action capabilities in a given environment. However, little is known about the specifics of these exploratory movements, such as which movements are necessary to perceive a given action capability. This experiment tested whether arm movements contributed to judgements of maximum reach distance. Participants made judgements about their maximum reach distance by walking to the point farthest from an object from which they still perceived the object to be reachable. Over the course of two sets of nine judgements, participants’ arms either swung naturally by their sides (Unrestricted Condition) or were held together behind their backs (Restricted Condition). Arm movement restriction increased maximum reach distance judgement error when compared with unrestricted judgements. In addition, judgement error improved over trials only when exploratory arm movements were unrestricted, and the improvements did not carry over to subsequent judgements made when exploratory arm movements were restricted. Arm movement restriction did not increase the variability of judgement error when compared with unrestricted judgements. The results indicate that exploration is necessary to generate affordance information, show that restricted exploration degrades affordance perception, and suggest that maximum reach distance exists at the global array level. In addition, they have practical implications for operational situations in which actors’ arm movements are restricted, such as when military personnel wear body armour.
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Shmakova, N. N., S. P. Zapariy, and E. E. Achkasov. "CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPAIRED FUNCTIONS AND DISABILITIES IN DISABLED PEOPLE DUE TO ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE." Bulletin of the Russian association of specialists in medical and social expert evaluation, rehabilitation and rehabilitation industry 3 (2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn1999-2351.2020.3.47-55.
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Of the main types of persistent disorders of the body functions of the disabled due to coronary artery disease, violations of the functions of the cardiovascular system were noted: in 72.0% of cases – moderate, in 26.0% – pronounced, in 1.2% – significantly pronounced; neuromuscular associated with movement (statodynamic) in 41.0% of cases – insignificant, in 8.1% – moderate and in 1.6% – pronounced. Dysfunctions of the endocrine system and metabolism are moderate in 3.6% and insignificant in 23%. Respiratory system dysfunctions in 6% of cases are insignificant, in 2.8% - moderate. Dysfunctions of the blood system and immunity in 2.0% are insignificant and moderate. The total violations in 73.0% of cases are moderate, in 26.0% – pronounced and in 1.6% - significantly pronounced. Among disabled people with higher education, violations of the statodynamic function were observed in 75.0% of cases, moderate, and among those with secondary education – pronounced, dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system in 75.4% of cases were expressed in people with higher education, and among people with secondary education only in 24.6% of cases. Moderate and severe persistent disorders of the cardiovascular system were more often recorded in men. The largest share among the restrictions was I degree of restriction of life activity. More pronounced limitations of the I–II degree of vital activity were noted among men. Limitations of the ability to self-service have a direct strong correlation with disorders of the cardiovascular system and total disorders, a weak direct correlation between limitations to self-service, movement, and work activity with static-dynamic disorders. Restriction to work activity has a direct strong correlation with disorders of the cardiovascular system. There is a direct mean correlation between movement restriction and cardiovascular disorders.
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Meira, Maria Eduarda Antunes de, Giuliano Mannrich, Natahalia Nahas Donatello, and Daiana Cristina Salm. "Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders: integrative review." REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 12, no. 3 (September 4, 2022): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v12i3.1259.
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Objective: To identify movement disorders induced by antipsychotics. Methods: We selected clinical trials from MEDLINE and LILACS databases without publication date restriction. Studies of antipsychotics as a pharmacological intervention, compared or not to other interventions were included (combined treatments were not included). The primary outcome was movement disorders. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies and summarized them in an electronic spreadsheet. We assessed the quality of the selected studies using the PEDro scale. Results: Five studies were included in this review. In these studies, it was possible to identify the main psychiatric symptoms and their severity, as well as dyskinetic movements. When a reduction in dyskinetic movements was observed in treatments with both atypical and typical antipsychotics, there were adverse effects. Those included excessive sedation, loss of body mass, vomiting, and leukocytopenia. Conclusion: This study verified the findings in literature on the effects of antipsychotics, including the type of medication, dosage, and form of administration, as well as instruments used to assess the outcome related to movement disorders. It was not possible to determine the best therapeutic dose for managing the disorders due to the significant distinction in dosages and medications. All five studies had some effect related to the drug use or its withdrawal.
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Kanki, J. P., and R. K. Ho. "The development of the posterior body in zebrafish." Development 124, no. 4 (February 15, 1997): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.4.881.
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In order to understand the developmental mechanisms of posterior body formation in the zebrafish, a fate map of the zebrafish tailbud was generated along with a detailed analysis of tailbud cell movements. The fate map of the zebrafish tailbud shows that it contains tissue-restricted domains and is not a homogeneous blastema. Furthermore, time-lapse analysis shows that some cell movements and behaviors in the tailbud are similar to those seen during gastrulation, while others are unique to the posterior body. The extension of axial mesoderm and the continuation of ingression throughout zebrafish tail development suggests the continuation of processes initiated during gastrulation. Unique properties of zebrafish posterior body development include the bilateral distribution of tailbud cell progeny and the exhibition of different forms of ingression within specific tailbud domains. The ingression of cells in the anterior tailbud only gives rise to paraxial mesoderm, at the exclusion of axial mesoderm. Cells of the posterior tailbud undergo subduction, a novel form of ingression resulting in the restriction of this tailbud domain to paraxial mesodermal fates. The intermixing of spinal cord and muscle precursor cells, as well as evidence for pluripotent cells within the tailbud, suggest that complex inductive mechanisms accompany these cell movements throughout tail elongation. Rates of cell proliferation in the tailbud were examined and found to be relatively low at the tip of the tail indicating that tail elongation is not due to growth at its posterior end. However, higher rates of cell proliferation in the dorsomedial region of the tail may contribute to the preferential posterior movement of cells in this tailbud region and to the general extension of the tail. Understanding the cellular movements, cell fates and gene expression patterns in the tailbud will help to determine the nature of this important aspect of vertebrate development.
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Van Rensburg, DCJ, AJ Van Rensburg, PC Zondi, S. Hendricks, CC Grant, and L. Fletcher. "The relationship between functional movement analysis and lowerbody injury rates in adolescent female football players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 4 (December 10, 2013): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2013/v25i4a347.
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Objective. To determine whether a relationship exists between the functional movement analysis (FMA) score and lower-body injury rates in high-performance adolescent female football players.Method. Observations included a baseline FMA score and medical injury reports. Data were collected from 24 players’ injury and illness records over a 38-week training period. All football injuries requiring medical attention (including stiffness, strains, contusions and sprains) and/or the removal from a session, leading to training restriction, were included in the study. Off-season weeks were excluded. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the strength of the linear relationship between the FMA score and the number of medical visits, and between the number of medical visits and the number of training-restriction days.Results. There was no evidence of a relationship between the FMA score and injury risk in teenage female football players (r=0.016; p=0.940). A strong indication of a cyclical season in the training schedule was noticed over the 38-week study period. A substantive negative correlation (r=-0.911; p=0.032) was seen in the number of medical visits compared with the training-restriction days. Injuries during two peak periods could have resulted from overuse, increased training load, stress and overtraining.Conclusion. It could not be shown that a high FMA score was associated with a lower risk of injury. The ultimate goal is thus to reduce recurrent injury in players with a high FMA count. The regular medical visits observed suggest that player condition is maintained by means of reducing injury and managing training-restriction days. Our findings are in accordance with previous studies in terms of the lower limb being the most frequent region of injury, specifically the knee. This study supports previous suggestions that it is essential to develop a prevention strategy to measure trauma and recovery.
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Van Rensburg, DCJ, AJ Van Rensburg, PC Zondi, S. Hendricks, CC Grant, and L. Fletcher. "The relationship between functional movement analysis and lowerbody injury rates in adolescent female football players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 4 (December 10, 2013): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajsm.477.
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Objective. To determine whether a relationship exists between the functional movement analysis (FMA) score and lower-body injury rates in high-performance adolescent female football players.Method. Observations included a baseline FMA score and medical injury reports. Data were collected from 24 players’ injury and illness records over a 38-week training period. All football injuries requiring medical attention (including stiffness, strains, contusions and sprains) and/or the removal from a session, leading to training restriction, were included in the study. Off-season weeks were excluded. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the strength of the linear relationship between the FMA score and the number of medical visits, and between the number of medical visits and the number of training-restriction days.Results. There was no evidence of a relationship between the FMA score and injury risk in teenage female football players (r=0.016; p=0.940). A strong indication of a cyclical season in the training schedule was noticed over the 38-week study period. A substantive negative correlation (r=-0.911; p=0.032) was seen in the number of medical visits compared with the training-restriction days. Injuries during two peak periods could have resulted from overuse, increased training load, stress and overtraining.Conclusion. It could not be shown that a high FMA score was associated with a lower risk of injury. The ultimate goal is thus to reduce recurrent injury in players with a high FMA count. The regular medical visits observed suggest that player condition is maintained by means of reducing injury and managing training-restriction days. Our findings are in accordance with previous studies in terms of the lower limb being the most frequent region of injury, specifically the knee. This study supports previous suggestions that it is essential to develop a prevention strategy to measure trauma and recovery.
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Van Rensburg, DCJ, AJ Van Rensburg, PC Zondi, S. Hendricks, CC Grant, and L. Fletcher. "The relationship between functional movement analysis and lowerbody injury rates in adolescent female football players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 4 (December 10, 2013): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2013/v25i4a347.
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Objective. To determine whether a relationship exists between the functional movement analysis (FMA) score and lower-body injury rates in high-performance adolescent female football players.Method. Observations included a baseline FMA score and medical injury reports. Data were collected from 24 players’ injury and illness records over a 38-week training period. All football injuries requiring medical attention (including stiffness, strains, contusions and sprains) and/or the removal from a session, leading to training restriction, were included in the study. Off-season weeks were excluded. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the strength of the linear relationship between the FMA score and the number of medical visits, and between the number of medical visits and the number of training-restriction days.Results. There was no evidence of a relationship between the FMA score and injury risk in teenage female football players (r=0.016; p=0.940). A strong indication of a cyclical season in the training schedule was noticed over the 38-week study period. A substantive negative correlation (r=-0.911; p=0.032) was seen in the number of medical visits compared with the training-restriction days. Injuries during two peak periods could have resulted from overuse, increased training load, stress and overtraining.Conclusion. It could not be shown that a high FMA score was associated with a lower risk of injury. The ultimate goal is thus to reduce recurrent injury in players with a high FMA count. The regular medical visits observed suggest that player condition is maintained by means of reducing injury and managing training-restriction days. Our findings are in accordance with previous studies in terms of the lower limb being the most frequent region of injury, specifically the knee. This study supports previous suggestions that it is essential to develop a prevention strategy to measure trauma and recovery.
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Guirro, Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus, Eder João Arruda, and Carlos Alberto da Silva. "Disuse induced by the spine rectification vest: experimental study." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 21, no. 1 (March 2014): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/323210114.
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The spine is the main support and movement axis of the locomotor system, and numberless clinical conditions may require that this structure be submitted to functional restriction. Among the non-invasive treatments used in spinal or appendicular skeleton injuries, the immobilization of the spine is used as a rehabilitation strategy. Because of the functional restrictions generated by restraining devices used on the spine, the proposal of this study was to adapt a spinal orthosis on rats, thus mimicking the immobilization of corrective vests and assessing the energetic conditions of thoracic muscles after 12 weeks of application. Wistar rats that were 42 days old were used in this study (post-weaning period), followed-up for 12 weeks in 2 groups called control (C) and rectification vests (R), which were made of PVC to immobilize the spine. The following concentrations were evaluated: glycogen (GLY) of the paravertebral muscle and the thorax; total proteins and DNA (TP/DNA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for statistical analysis, followed by the Tukey test. A 5% level was established for all of the calculations. It was observed that group R presented 12% less body mass and GLY stores 21% lower; the ratio between TP/DNA was in average 6.6% lower; IL-6 concentrations were in average 25% higher. The study shows that the movement restriction in the spine leads to energetic crisis and compromised muscular development. More studies should be conducted with this model to generate physical therapy strategies that could reduce muscle compromise after spine immobilization.
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Wu, Jennifer, Lucy Dodakian, Jill See, Erin Burke Quinlan, Lisa Meng, Jeby Abraham, Ellen C. Wong, Vu Le, Alison McKenzie, and Steven C. Cramer. "Gains Across WHO Dimensions of Function After Robot-Based Therapy in Stroke Subjects." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 34, no. 12 (October 21, 2020): 1150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968320956648.
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Background Studies examining the effects of therapeutic interventions after stroke often focus on changes in loss of body function/structure (impairment). However, improvements in activities limitations and participation restriction are often higher patient priorities, and the relationship that these measures have with loss of body function/structure is unclear. Objective This study measured gains across WHO International Classification of Function (ICF) dimensions and examined their interrelationships. Methods Subjects were recruited 11 to 26 weeks after hemiparetic stroke. Over a 3-week period, subjects received 12 sessions of intensive robot-based therapy targeting the distal arm. Each subject was assessed at baseline and at 1 month after end of therapy. Results At baseline, subjects (n = 40) were 134.7 ± 32.4 (mean ± SD) days poststroke and had moderate-severe arm motor deficits (arm motor Fugl-Meyer score of 35.6 ± 14.4) that were stable. Subjects averaged 2579 thumb movements and 1298 wrist movements per treatment session. After robot therapy, there was significant improvement in measures of body function/structure (Fugl-Meyer score) and activity limitations (Action Research Arm Test, Barthel Index, and Stroke Impact Scale–Hand), but not participation restriction (Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale). Furthermore, while the degree of improvement in loss of body function/structure was correlated with improvement in activity limitations, neither improvement in loss of body function/structure nor improvement in activity limitations was correlated with change in participation restriction. Conclusions After a 3-week course of robotic therapy, there was improvement in body function/structure and activity limitations but no reduction in participation restriction.
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Maeda, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki, Hideaki Iwase, PhD, Akio Kanda, MD, PhD, Itaru Morohashi, MD, PhD, Kazuo Kaneko, MD, PhD, Mutsuhiro Maeda, Yuki Kakinuma, Yusuke Takei, Shota Amemiya, and Kazuyuki Mitsui, PhD. "A study of the blood flow restriction pressure of a tourniquet system to facilitate development of a system that can prevent musculoskeletal complications." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2017.0267.
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Background: After an emergency or disaster, subsequent trauma can cause severe bleeding and this can often prove fatal, so promptly stopping that bleeding is crucial to preventing avoidable trauma deaths. A tourniquet is often used to restrict blood flow to an extremity. In operation and hospital, the tourniquet systems currently in use are pneumatically actuated by an air compressor, so they must have a steady power supply. These devices have several drawbacks: they vibrate and are noisy since they are pneumatically actuated and they are far from portable since they are large and heavy.Introduction: Presumably, the drawbacks of pneumatic tourniquets could be overcome by developing a small, lightweight, vibration-free, quiet, and battery- powered tourniquet system. The current study built a small, vibration-free electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump and then used that pump to restrict blood flow to the leg of rats in an experiment. This study explored the optimal conditions for effective restriction of blood flow by assessing biochemical and musculoskeletal complications following the restriction of blood flow, and this study also examined whether or not an EHD pump could be used to actuate a tourniquet system.Methods: A tourniquet cuff (width 12 mm × length 150 mm, material: polyolefin) was placed on the thigh of Wistar rats and pressure was applied for 2 hours by a device that uses EHD phenomena to generate pressure (an EHD pump). Animals were divided into four groups based on how much compressive pressure was applied with a tourniquet: 40 kPa (300 mm Hg, n = 13), 30 kPa (225 mm Hg, n = 12), 20 kPa (150 mm Hg, n = 15), or 0 kPa (controls, n = 25). Tissue oxygen saturation (regional oxygen saturation, denoted here as rSO2) was measured to assess the restriction of blood flow. To assess behavior once blood flow resumed, animal activity was monitored for third day and the amount of movement was counted with digital counters. Body weight was measured before and after the behavioral experiment, and changes in body weight were determined. Blood was sampled after a behavioral experiment and biochemically assessed and creatine kinase (CK) levels were measured.Results: Tissue oxygen saturation decreased significantly in each group. When a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 30 kPa or more, tissue oxygen saturation decreased significantly. The amount of movement (the count) over third day decreased more when a tourniquet was applied at a higher pressure. The control group resumed the same amount of movement per day second after blood flow resumed. Animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 20 or 30 kPa resumed the same amount of movement third day after blood flow resumed. In contrast, animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 40 kPa did not resume the same amount of movement third day after blood flow resumed. After the behavioral experiment, animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 40 kPa had a significantly lower body weight in comparison to the control group. After the behavioral experiment, animals to which a tourniquet was applied at a pressure of 40 kPa had significantly elevated CK levels in comparison to the control group.Discussion and Conclusion: A relationship between blood flow restriction pressure and tissue oxygen saturation was noted. rSO2 measurement can be used to assess the restriction of blood flow during surgery. On the basis of the decrease in rSO2, blood flow was effectively restricted at a pressure of 30 kPa or more. When, however, blood flow was restricted at a pressure of 40 kPa, weight loss and decreased movement were noted and CK levels increased after the behavioral experiment. Thus, complications had presumably developed due to damage to muscle tissue. These findings indicate that blood flow was effectively restricted in this experiment and they also indicate the existence of an optimal blood flow restriction pressure that does not cause musculoskeletal complications. The pressure in question was around 30 kPa. The tourniquet system that was developed here is actuated with an EHD pump that is still in the trial stages. That said, its pressure can readily be controlled and this pump could be used in a tourniquet system since it is quiet, vibration-free, and small. The pressure of this pump can be finely adjusted to prevent musculoskeletal complications.
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Bezawada, Paparao, Saipramod Yadlapalli, and Hari Chandana Katta. "Synovial chondromatosis of knee joint: a case report." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 8, no. 6 (October 27, 2022): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20222717.
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<p class="abstract">Synovial chondromatosis is a benign condition encountered infrequently within joints which is also known as synovial osteochondromatosis. They present as multiple nodules in the synovium which are either fibrin type or cartilaginous type. The fibrin type usually results from bleeding within the joint, rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis. The cartilaginous type is usually due to trauma or osteoarthritis. This typically involves large joints, knee being the most common, rarely small joints also may be involved. Here we report a case of 30-year-old female who presented to us with symptoms of swelling, restriction of movement and pain in the right knee. After clinical and radiological assessment, arthroscopic exploration with loose body removal and synovectomy done, following which patient achieved painless complete range of movements. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis as synovial chondromatosis.</p>
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El-Ansary, Doa, Tanya Kinney LaPier, Jenny Adams, Richard Gach, Susan Triano, Md Ali Katijjahbe, Andrew D. Hirschhorn, Sean F. Mungovan, Ana Lotshaw, and Lawrence P. Cahalin. "An Evidence-Based Perspective on Movement and Activity Following Median Sternotomy." Physical Therapy 99, no. 12 (September 2, 2019): 1587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz126.
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Abstract Cardiac surgery via median sternotomy is performed in over 1 million patients per year worldwide. Despite evidence, sternal precautions in the form of restricted arm and trunk activity are routinely prescribed to patients following surgery to prevent sternal complications. Sternal precautions may exacerbate loss of independence and prevent patients from returning home directly after hospital discharge. In addition, immobility and deconditioning associated with restricting physical activity potentially contribute to the negative sequelae of median sternotomy on patient symptoms, physical and psychosocial function, and quality of life. Interpreting the clinical impact of sternal precautions is challenging due to inconsistent definitions and applications globally. Following median sternotomy, typical guidelines involve limiting arm movement during loaded lifting, pushing, and pulling for 6 to 8 weeks. This perspective paper proposes that there is robust evidence to support early implementation of upper body activity and exercise in patients recovering from median sternotomy while minimizing risk of complications. A clinical paradigm shift is encouraged, one that encourages a greater amount of controlled upper body activity, albeit modified in some situations, and less restrictive sternal precautions. Early screening for sternal complication risk factors and instability followed by individualized progressive functional activity and upper body therapeutic exercise is likely to promote optimal and timely patient recovery. Substantial research documenting current clinical practice of sternal precautions, early physical therapy, and cardiac rehabilitation provides support and the context for understanding why a less restrictive and more active plan of care is warranted and recommended for patients following a median sternotomy.
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Joo, Oh Young, Seung Jin Moon, Dong Won Lee, Dae Hyun Lew, Won Jai Lee, and Seung Yong Song. "The effect of early arm exercise on drainage volume after total mastectomy and tissue expander insertion in breast cancer patients: a prospective study." Archives of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2021.00500.
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Background In prosthesis-based breast reconstruction patients, the drain tends to be kept in place longer than in patients who undergo only mastectomy. Postoperative arm exercise also increases the drainage volume. However, to preserve shoulder function, early exercise is recommended. In this study, we investigated the effect of early exercise on the total drainage volume and drain duration in these patients.Methods We designed a prospective randomized trial involving 56 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy using tissue expanders. In each group, the patients were randomized either to perform early arm exercises using specific shoulder movement guidelines 2 days after surgery or to restrict arm movement above the shoulder height until drain removal. The drain duration and the total amount of drainage were the primary endpoints.Results There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, body mass index, or mastectomy specimen weight between the two groups. The total amount of drainage was 1,497 mL in the early exercise group and 1,336 mL in the exercise restriction group. The duration until complete removal of the drains was 19.71 days in the early exercise group and 17.11 days in the exercise restriction group.Conclusions Exercise restriction after breast reconstruction did not lead to a significant difference in the drainage volume or the average time until drain removal. Thus, early exercise is recommended for improved shoulder mobility postoperatively. More long-term studies are needed to determine the effect of early exercise on shoulder mobility in prosthesis-based breast reconstruction patients.
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Parkes, Sabina C., Angelo N, elcastro, Linda J. Mccargar, and Donald Mckenzie. "Effect of Energy Restriction on Muscle Function and Calcium Stimulated Protease Activity in Recreationally Active Women." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 23, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h98-016.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in substrate oxidation that are caused by energy restriction influenced muscle function and skeletal muscle calcium stimulated protease activity in female athletes. Endurance athletes were randomly assigned to maintenance energy (100% kcal) or energy restricted (75% kcal) diet treatment groups for 14 days while maintaining regular activity. Body weight significantly decreased in the 75% diet group (−1.7 ± 0.3 kg; p < .05), while fat oxidation increased (p < .05). Minimal changes in quadriceps function (assessed using the Kin/Com isokinetic dynamometer) were observed following diet treatment, except selected loss of muscle function in the 75% diet group at a movement velocity of 120 deg/s. These results suggest that increased fat oxidation that is induced by an acute energy restriction does not promote loss of general muscle function and activation of calcium-sensitive muscle proteases. Key words: substrate oxidation, protein metabolism, contractile protein profiles, muscle biopsy, calpain
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Kocjan, Janusz, Bożena Gzik-Zroska, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Lipiec, Michał Burkacki, Sławomir Suchoń, Robert Michnik, Damian Czyżewski, and Mariusz Adamek. "Thoracic surgery may alter body static balance via diaphragm dysfunction." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): e0273641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273641.
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Many diseases and conditions can alter an ability to maintain body balance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether thoracic surgery may elicit diaphragm dysfunction thereby impairing postural stability. 40 patients qualified to video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) lobectomy or lobectomy via thoracotomy due to pulmonary carcinoma were examined two times: a day before lung resection and 3–5 days after surgical procedure. Diaphragm assessment was performed using ultrasonography, while postural sways were evaluated by Zebris FDM-S stabilometric platform. Thoracic surgery was associated with decrease of diaphragm thickness and movement, as well as, with deterioration of static body balance maintenance. Upper lobe resection was linked with greater diaphragm excursion restriction and worse body sway parameters than middle and lower lobe resection. VATS lobectomy was associated with better postoperative diaphragm function and better postural sway parameters than lobectomy via thoracotomy. Patients after lobectomy via thoracotomy had significantly more load on lower limb on the operated side than patients after VATS lobectomy. Impairment of diaphragm function is closely associated with equilibrium impairment after pulmonary resection. VATS lobectomy was less invasive than lobectomy via thoracotomy in terms of primary respiratory muscle function and body balance maintenance parameters.
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Salmon, Andrew H. J., Ildikó Toma, Arnold Sipos, P. Robert Muston, Steven J. Harper, David O. Bates, Christopher R. Neal, and János Peti-Peterdi. "Evidence for restriction of fluid and solute movement across the glomerular capillary wall by the subpodocyte space." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): F1777—F1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00187.2007.
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The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is generally considered to consist of three layers: fenestrated glomerular endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and filtration slits between adjacent podocyte foot processes. Detailed anatomic examination of the GFB has revealed a novel abluminal structure, the subpodocyte space (SPS), identified as the labyrinthine space between the underside of podocyte cell body/primary processes and the foot processes. The SPS covers 50–65% of the filtration surface of the GFB, indicating that SPS may influence glomerular permeability. We have examined the contribution of the SPS to the permeability characteristics of the GFB using multiphoton microscopy techniques in isolated, perfused glomeruli and in the intact kidney in vivo. SPS were identified using this technique, with comparable dimensions to SPS examined with electron microscopy. The passage of the intermediate-weight molecule rhodamine-conjugated 10-kDa dextran, but not the low-weight molecule lucifer yellow (≈450 Da), accumulated in SPS-covered regions of the GFB, compared with GFB regions not covered by SPS (“naked regions”). Net lucifer yellow flux (taken to indicate fluid flux) through identifiable SPS regions was calculated to be 66–75% of that occurring through naked regions. These observations indicate both ultrafiltration and hydraulic resistance imparted by the SPS, demonstrating the potential physiological contribution of the SPS to glomerular permeability.
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Murillo, Lina-Maria. "Birth Control, Border Control." Pacific Historical Review 90, no. 3 (2021): 314–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2021.90.3.314.
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Betty Mary Goetting opened the first birth control clinic on the U.S.-Mexico border in 1937. The rhetoric she used to advocate for contraception in El Paso, Texas, paralleled eugenic trends in the birth control movement nationwide, focused on curbing fertility rates among those considered of poor mind and body. Where previous studies focus on the urban North, this borderlands case study places the birth control movement’s attention to overpopulation within the context of immigration restrictions at the U.S.-Mexico border. Goetting’s birth control campaigns, supported by the movement’s pioneer Margaret Sanger, targeted Mexican-origin women as part of a larger process that sought to protect the body politic from non-white immigrants while simultaneously exploiting their labor. Despite Catholic backlash against birth control and the racist rhetoric of Anglo birth control advocates, Mexican-origin women enthusiastically visited the El Paso birth control clinic. Given the dearth of health care afforded working-class, Mexican-origin women at this time, hundreds of women used the clinic’s services for their own purposes—reminding us that birth control movements offer a paradox of coercion and choice.
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Koehler, Linda A., Anne H. Blaes, Tuffia C. Haddad, David W. Hunter, Alan T. Hirsch, and Paula M. Ludewig. "Movement, Function, Pain, and Postoperative Edema in Axillary Web Syndrome." Physical Therapy 95, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 1345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140377.
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Background Axillary web syndrome (AWS) is a condition that may develop following breast cancer surgery and that presents as a palpable axillary cord of tissue. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the clinical characteristics of AWS related to movement, function, pain, and postoperative edema and (2) to define the incidence of and risk factors for AWS within the first 3 months following breast cancer surgery. Design This was a prospective cohort study with a repeated-measures design. Methods Women who underwent breast cancer surgery with sentinel node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection (N=36) were assessed for AWS, shoulder range of motion, function, pain, and postoperative edema (using girth measurements, bioimpedance, and tissue dielectric constant) at 2, 4, and 12 weeks. Demographic characteristics were used for risk analysis. Results Seventeen women (47.2%) developed AWS, and AWS persisted in 10 participants (27.8%) at 12 weeks. Abduction range of motion was significantly lower in the AWS group compared with the non-AWS group at 2 and 4 weeks. There were no differences between groups in measurements of function, pain, or edema at any time point. Trunk edema measured by dielectric constant was present in both groups, with an incidence of 55%. Multivariate analysis determined lower body mass index as being significantly associated with AWS (odds ratio=0.86; 95% confidence interval=0.74, 1.00). Limitations Limitations included a short follow-up time and a small sample size. Conclusion Axillary web syndrome is prevalent following breast/axilla surgery for early-stage breast cancer and may persist beyond 12 weeks. The early consequences include movement restriction, but the long-term effects of persistent AWS cords are yet unknown. Low body mass index is considered a risk factor for AWS.
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Sümer, Sevil, and Hande Eslen-Ziya. "New waves for old rights? Women’s mobilization and bodily rights in Turkey and Norway." European Journal of Women's Studies 24, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506815619878.
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This article focuses on the resurgence of women’s movements in Turkey and Norway against the backdrop of their historical trajectories and wider gender policies. Throughout the 2010s, both countries witnessed a similar set of conservative and neoliberal policies that intervened in women’s bodily rights. In both countries, women’s movements responded with mass mobilizations and influenced the political agenda. The proposed restrictions on abortion were interpreted as a restriction on women’s basic bodily rights in both countries. This article argues that a feminist, multidimensional reconceptualization of the concept of citizenship and a definition of abortion as an element of women’s bodily citizenship rights are useful to promote a strong and encompassing argument for mobilization. The comparative analysis shows that the right to control one’s own body has been a unifying issue for women’s movements in Turkey and Norway which are gradually becoming more inclusive.
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Ancans, Armands, Modris Greitans, Ricards Cacurs, Beate Banga, and Artis Rozentals. "Wearable Sensor Clothing for Body Movement Measurement during Physical Activities in Healthcare." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062068.
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This paper presents a wearable wireless system for measuring human body activities, consisting of small inertial sensor nodes and the main hub for data transmission via Bluetooth for further analysis. Unlike optical and ultrasonic technologies, the proposed solution has no movement restrictions, such as the requirement to stay in the line of sight, and it provides information on the dynamics of the human body’s poses regardless of its location. The problem of the correct placement of sensors on the body is considered, a simplified architecture of the wearable clothing is described, an experimental set-up is developed and tests are performed. The system has been tested by performing several physical exercises and comparing the performance with the commercially available BTS Bioengineering SMART DX motion capture system. The results show that our solution is more suitable for complex exercises as the system based on digital cameras tends to lose some markers. The proposed wearable sensor clothing can be used as a multi-purpose data acquisition device for application-specific data analysis, thus providing an automated tool for scientists and doctors to measure patient’s body movements.
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Mikami, Yumi, Takabun Nakamura, and Masaki Tauchi. "Effects of the Restriction of Body Movement on the Wheelchair Uphill Running Behavior of Able-bodied Persons Imitated a Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Life Support Engineering 31, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.31.50.
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Sundar Singh, Daniel, Shailaja Krishnamoorthy, Divya Thirumaran, Ektha Promoth Kumar, and Harshidha Dharmalingam. "Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (Nmosd): A Rare Report." European Journal of Clinical Medicine 3, no. 4 (August 16, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.219.
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Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), also known as Devic disease, is a chronic disorder of the brain and spinal cord dominated by inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis). We present the case of a 25-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of lower back ache, decreased vision and double vision, generalized body pain, neck pain and vomiting. On examination, Extraocular Movement (EOM) showed right gaze restriction with nystagmus; her serum Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) result was positive; and her MRI showed lesions in the brain. Insight of her presenting illness and investigations, she was successfully treated with IV steroids, plasmapheresis, and immunosuppressive therapy and was neurologically stable. We present this rare case to clinically enlighten the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD.
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Gupta, Pankaj, Arvind Sharma, Jitendra Singh, and Tarun Ojha. "Giant Frontoethmoidal osteoma with orbital involvementa rare case report with review of literature." Romanian Neurosurgery 31, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2017-0084.
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Abstract Osteomas are benign tumours that involve paranasal sinuses more than other parts of body. Frontal sinus is most common while sphenoid is least one. They are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on imaging for other reasons. Giant variety of frontoethmoid osteoma is very rare and only few cases are described in literature. Orbital involvement in giant frontoethmoid osteoma is even rarer. Due to threat to vision, this variety is an indication for surgical intervention followed by reconstruction of defect. As these tumours are very large, endoscopic approaches are less indicated and there is no clear consensus which open surgical approach is better. We are reporting such a rare case of giant frontoethmoid osteoma causing proptosis and restriction of eye movement that was treated with open surgical approach.
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Gregoire, Harv, Douglas W. Call, Cary Robb Omlie, and Ronald J. Spicuzza. "An Automated Methodology for Conducting Human Factors Evaluations of Protective Garments." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 10 (October 1985): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502901003.
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A technique has been developed to quantify the restrictions to aircrew mobility produced while wearing various Chemical-Biological Warfare (CBW) protective garments. Twelve range-of-motion movements of three body areas were analyzed: (1) vertical and horizontal movements of head, arm and torso; (2) Horizontal forearm adduction from elbow; (3) Vertical movement of upper leg from hip and lower leg from knee. All subjects performed a three-minute video-displayed psychomotor tracking task while wearing six different test garments. They also completed questionnaires on subjective assessments of comfort, mobility, and general acceptability. Two of the ensembles allowed considerably more mobility than the other four. Performance scores on the tracking task and aircrew subjective ratings agreed with the mobility ratings.
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Alfuth, Martin, Dieter Klein, Raphael Koch, and Dieter Rosenbaum. "Biomechanical Comparison of 3 Ankle Braces With and Without Free Rotation in the Sagittal Plane." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.20.
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Context: Various designs of braces including hinged and nonhinged models are used to provide external support of the ankle. Hinged ankle braces supposedly allow almost free dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot in the sagittal plane. It is unclear, however, whether this additional degree of freedom affects the stabilizing effect of the brace in the other planes of motion. Objective: To investigate the dynamic and passive stabilizing effects of 3 ankle braces, 2 hinged models that provide free plantar flexion–dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane and 1 ankle brace without a hinge. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University Movement Analysis Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen healthy volunteers (5 women, 12 men; age = 25.4 ± 4.8 years; height = 180.3 ± 6.5 cm; body mass = 75.5 ± 10.4 kg). Intervention(s): We dynamically induced foot inversion on a tilting platform and passively induced foot movements in 6 directions via a custom-built apparatus in 3 brace conditions and a control condition (no brace). Main Outcome Measure(s): Maximum inversion was determined dynamically using an in-shoe electrogoniometer. Passively induced maximal joint angles were measured using a torque and angle sensor. We analyzed differences among the 4 ankle-brace conditions (3 braces, 1 control) for each of the dependent variables with Friedman and post hoc tests (P < .05). Results: Each ankle brace restricted dynamic foot-inversion movements on the tilting platform as compared with the control condition, whereas only the 2 hinged ankle braces differed from each other, with greater movement restriction caused by the Ankle X model. Passive foot inversion was reduced with all ankle braces. Passive plantar flexion was greater in the hinged models as compared with the nonhinged brace. Conclusions: All ankle braces showed stabilizing effects against dynamic and passive foot inversion. Differences between the hinged braces and the nonhinged brace did not appear to be clinically relevant.
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Lapkovska, Eva, Inga Dāboliņa, Liene Siliņa, and Ausma Viļumsone. "Development of an ergonomic protective suit for physiotherapists during the COVID-19." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502210918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221091819.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the provision of appropriate protective clothing for medical staff who must continue to perform their duties at this period is of particular importance. Physiotherapists are not allowed to suspend working during this time either, and the specifics of their work is close contact with the patient within various movements during the therapy process. Inadequate (intended for general use) protective clothing affects work capacity in the aspects of movement restriction, thermal comfort and thereby increasing energy consumption. For the design and supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and protective clothing of the best possible quality, PPE should be explored in a systemic approach (holistics) to assess anthropometric fit and ergonomics, material properties and thermal performance. This study investigated anthropometric characteristics of target group representatives; sizing, fit and design flaws of protective suits for physiotherapists; provision of mobility in the protective clothing of physiotherapists; the protective suit fabric layer interaction with the human body and the importance of subjective evaluation of fit and ergonomics of PPE (made by specialists and wearers). The results of the study promote the usage of objective knowledge of anthropometry and ergonomics as well as subjective assessment findings in the development of protective suits for physiotherapists.
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Harper, Sara, Lisa Roberts, Andrew Layne, Byron Jaeger, Anna Gardner, Kimberly Sibille, Samuel Wu, et al. "Blood-Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise for Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020265.
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In a pilot randomized clinical trial, participants aged ≥60 years (n = 35) with physical limitations and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) were randomized to 12 weeks of lower-body low-load resistance training with blood-flow restriction (BFR) or moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT) to evaluate changes in muscle strength, pain, and physical function. Four exercises were performed three times per week to volitional fatigue using 20% and 60% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Study outcomes included knee extensor strength, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) performance, and pain via the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC). Per established guidance for pilot studies, primary analyses for the trial focused on safety, feasibility, and effect sizes/95% confidence intervals of dependent outcomes to inform a fully-powered trial. Across three speeds of movement, the pre- to post-training change in maximal isokinetic peak torque was 9.96 (5.76, 14.16) Nm while the mean difference between groups (BFR relative to MIRT) was −1.87 (−10.96, 7.23) Nm. Most other directionally favored MIRT, though more spontaneous reports of knee pain were observed (n = 14) compared to BFR (n = 3). BFR may have lower efficacy than MIRT in this context—though a fully-powered trial is needed to definitively address this hypothesis.
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Kot, Andrzej, and Agata Nawrocka. "Balance Maintaining by Human." Solid State Phenomena 248 (March 2016): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.248.155.
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Harmonious cooperation of the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems, forming a human motion organ, is responsible for all undertaken movement activities. Motion organ in the illustrated embodiment responsible not only for two basic motion activities, locomotion and manipulation, but also for maintaining the posture of the human body. Standing posture control makes a particular dimension of physical activity, because correct, stable posture determines the ability to perform most human movements. In the case of a man to maintain a balance in a standing position seems to be something obvious and does not require much effort, but with the advent of lesions or aging we begin to see how complex it is the process of balance control. The changes lead to impaired balance control which in turn can lead to the appearance of postural instability and in extreme circumstances, even to collapse. Maintaining a stable posture it is primarily associated with motor control provided by the human nervous system. The nervous system acts as an posture control system and most of all giving to a body well-defined silhouette. This control relies heavily on the integration of information from the human receptor system. Muscle, joint, tendon and skin receptors communicate first to the brain information about the movement and position of individual body parts and then feedback these signals to the muscles, causing reflex reactions allowing for correction of posture and thus return the center of gravity to a position that maintaining equilibrium. Subdivide those human body into segments linked closely with the system osteoarthritis limbs and trunk can create a system of interconnected pendulums with many degrees of freedom. In the case of standing it will be largely complicated inverted pendulums system by which activities phenomena associated with maintaining balance and locomotion can be modeled. If additionally in an upright position, taking into account the natural motion restrictions movements in all joints except the ankles will be blocked, the body will be a close approximation behave like a rigid body. So we can assume that for supporting the human body at the ankle, it will behave like an inverted pendulum. The article presents the ways of describing the equilibrium of man as an inverted pendulum.
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Платонова, Marina Platonova, Драпалюк, Mikhail Drapalyuk, Платонов, and Aleksey Platonov. "Kinematic scheme of manipulator for the removal of unwanted trees and shrubs in plan of the row of railways." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 3 (November 15, 2015): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14651.
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This article discusses the layout of manipulators designed to move the working body according to a given process technology, taking into account the appropriateness of their use, which is caused by the type of the base vehicle, the type of unwanted vegetation and especially its growth, in terms of terrain and profile strip of tap railways. The question of the layout of the manipulator to allow movement of the base vehicle both on public roads and railway network, taking into account the established restrictions on the dimensions of movement.
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Loveykin, Vyacheslav, Dmitriy Mishchuk, and Yeuvgen Mishchuk. "Implementation of optimal energy displacements of the working tool of the two-link manipulator along the parabolic trajectory." Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2022.6.1.253476.
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The intensive spread of automated and robotic systems in the construction industry poses a number of problematic and unsolved problems related to the efficiency and reliability of their use, namely: reducing dynamic loads in the structural elements of robots and manipulators, reducing energy costs to perform a given process by a robotic system. Particular attention is paid to the quality of control, in particular, in a limited working space when moving working bodies with hydraulically actuated manipulators, which are dominant in construction.
Problems: For welding of metal structures or when laying building elements using handling systems, the technology for performing such work involves the use of the tasks of moving special working bodies along parabolic trajectories. To implement the tasks set by manipulators, it is necessary to determine the control laws for the drive system. One of the ways to find the necessary functions for the control system is the use of optimization problems according to energy criteria and imposed geometric restrictions.
Purpose: to develop and investigate the modes of movement of the drive mechanism of a hydraulic manipulator with the implementation of an energy-intensive mode of operation of a mechanical system in a given space of movement of the working body along a hyperbolic trajectory.
Methodology: To achieve the goals of the study, it is proposed to use the optimization problem of minimizing energy consumption in the boom system of a two-link manipulator on a given parabolic trajectory of movement of its working body in a limited working space. In this paper, we consider the problem of conditional optimization, where the restrictions of the working space are imposed by the conditions of movement of the working body and the limiting restrictions on the movement of actuators. The objective optimization function is formed in the form of Lagrange equations from the components of energy consumption and the equation of a parabola that specifies the movement of the manipulator grip.
Results: To implement the optimal control of a two-link manipulator on a given parabolic trajectory, it is necessary to determine the extremals of the objective function functional in the form of the Lagrange equation for the components, which in this study were convolutions from the dependencies of energy consumption and the given equation for the trajectory of movement of the working body. The search for the minimum of the objective function is obtained in numerical form, based on which the form of the polynomial of the analytical dependence of the generalized coordinates on time is determined.
Conclusions: In further research, it is desirable to consider criteria that take into account various force loads, in particular, the root-mean-square value of the drive force and the intensity of its change over time, and it is also necessary to develop polynomial functions that can be used to express numerical solutions to optimization problems.
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Melby, Christopher L., Hunter L. Paris, R. Drew Sayer, Christopher Bell, and James O. Hill. "Increasing Energy Flux to Maintain Diet-Induced Weight Loss." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2019): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102533.
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Long-term maintenance of weight loss requires sustained energy balance at the reduced body weight. This could be attained by coupling low total daily energy intake (TDEI) with low total daily energy expenditure (TDEE; low energy flux), or by pairing high TDEI with high TDEE (high energy flux). Within an environment characterized by high energy dense food and a lack of need for movement, it may be particularly difficult for weight-reduced individuals to maintain energy balance in a low flux state. Most of these individuals will increase body mass due to an inability to sustain the necessary level of food restriction. This increase in TDEI may lead to the re-establishment of high energy flux at or near the original body weight. We propose that following weight loss, increasing physical activity can effectively re-establish a state of high energy flux without significant weight regain. Although the effect of extremely high levels of physical activity on TDEE may be constrained by compensatory reductions in non-activity energy expenditure, moderate increases following weight loss may elevate energy flux and encourage physiological adaptations favorable to weight loss maintenance, including better appetite regulation. It may be time to recognize that few individuals are able to re-establish energy balance at a lower body weight without permanent increases in physical activity. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for more research to better understand the role of energy flux in long-term weight maintenance.
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Dahlke, Grzegorz. "The anthropometric criterion in the modelling of evacuation." Informatyka Ekonomiczna 2020, no. 1(55) (2020): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/ie.2020.1.02.
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The article presents a sample study on the use of anthropometric criteria in modelling evacuation conditions. Formal evacuation models differ in the level of detail they offer in reality mapping. The key parameter determined with their use is evacuation time. The basic data inputs in such modelling are the speed of human movement. Numerous research papers offer examples of such speeds for people of varying ages who wear various clothing (that is more or less restrictive of movements) and footwear. As opposed to movement-based and behavioural models, the models that reflect the basic evacuation parameters fail to account for the number of evacuees. Where human traffic is denser, causing congestion, it is equally essential to consider body dimensions. The article outlines analyses of the impact of changes in anthropometric dimensions in a selected building. Models are rendered using the Pathfinder software. Recommendations are offered on how to assess evacuation conditions for various building types and various occupants
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Sahrmann, Shirley A. "The Human Movement System: Our Professional Identity." Physical Therapy 94, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 1034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130319.
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The 2013 House of Delegates of the American Physical Therapy Association adopted a vision statement that addresses the role of physical therapy in transforming society through optimizing movement. The accompanying guidelines address the movement system as key to achieving this vision. The profession has incorporated movement in position statements and documents since the early 1980s, but movement as a physiological system has not been addressed. Clearly, those health care professions identified with a system of the body are more easily recognized for their expertise and role in preventing, diagnosing, and treating dysfunctions of the system than health professions identified with intervention but not a system. This perspective article provides a brief history of how leaders in the profession have advocated for clear identification of a body of knowledge. The reasons are discussed for why movement can be considered a physiological system, as are the advantages of promoting the system rather than just movement. In many ways, a focus on movement is more restrictive than incorporating the concept of the movement system. Promotion of the movement system also provides a logical context for the diagnoses made by physical therapists. In addition, there is growing evidence, particularly in relation to musculoskeletal conditions, that the focus is enlarging from pathoanatomy to pathokinesiology, further emphasizing the timeliness of promoting the role of movement as a system. Discussion also addresses musculoskeletal conditions as lifestyle issues in the same way that general health has been demonstrated to be clearly related to lifestyle. The suggestion is made that the profession should be addressing kinesiopathologic conditions and not just pathokinesiologic conditions, as would be in keeping with the physical therapist's role in prevention and as a life-span practitioner.
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Sivarasu, Sudesh, and Lazar Mathew. "KINEMATIC ANALYSIS AND 3D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A MOBILE-BEARING ARTIFICIAL HIGH FLEXION KNEE." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 21, no. 04 (August 2009): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237209001337.
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Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been the end-time surgical procedure for pain relief and movement restoration in cases of severe arthritis. The knee implant design plays a vital role in deciding the activity levels of a patient after total knee replacement (TKR). In about 90% of younger patients undergoing the knee replacement surgeries, the restriction is not from the subject but from the implant design. This paper discusses parameters affecting the activity levels after TKR. It also briefs the design aspects of a novel knee design that allows the normal high flexion activity even after TKR. The application of finite element modeling in medical applications has been evolving as the field of high importance especially in the development of medical devices. The TKA has been in existence for over six decades till now. The generic artificial knee implants used in the TKA have the restriction in its range of motion of about 90°. A new design allowing flexion extension range of over 120° was designed with a view to facilitate partial squatting and the same is used for the analysis purpose. The loading conditions of 10 times the body weight are considered. The finite element analyses of the designs were carried out based on standard biomaterial used in orthopedic implants. In this paper, we have discussed the results of analyses of an artificial knee with titanium (Ti) alloy. The results of the analyses were used in identifying areas of extreme stresses within the design and the spot prone for higher deformation. Based on these results, slight modification on the designs was carried out. The results are also verified whether the body is within the linear deformation levels. As the results obtained were very satisfactory, the models have been recommended for prototyping.
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Gupta, Ashish Kumar, Shalini Gupta, Pankaj Gupta, and Ashok Gupta. "CASE SERIES: INSTANT EFFECT OF MARMA THERAPY IN THE PAIN MANAGEMENT WSR: TO SHOULDER PAIN." November 2020 08, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 5174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3508112020.
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Science of Marma known as Marma Vigyanam is a dynamic part, specially described in Sushrut samhita and other Ayurvedic classics. According to Sushrut Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi, and Sandhi, these five elements collectively present at Marma point. This is the peculiarity of Marma.1 Marmas are the vital points on the body having importance regarding surgical procedure and traumatic effect. It is also known as Ayurvedic Accupressure. In this paper, three similar cases of pain and stiffness in shoulder joints are presented, who has attended OPD of District Hospital Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal. In during the clinical examination partially restriction of shoulder movement is also recorded. The case was initially treated with Marma therapy mainly the stimulation of bilateral Bahu Marma along withAmsa Marma for instant pain management. After the treatment of about ten minutes the patient got relief in pain and stiffness and felt lightness in surrounding area of painful place. Amsa Marma manipulation can be used to give instant relief from Shoulder pain effectively.
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Huang, G. Steve, and Meng-Yen Hong. "Genomic Expression for Rat Model of Damp Obstruction in Chinese Medicine: Application of Microarray Technology." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 03 (January 2005): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05003065.
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Damp obstruction refers to the stagnation of vital energy (qi) caused by dampness resulting in dysfunction of body and limbs movement, as well as impairment of spleen and stomach digestive function. Damp obstruction is the dampness-induced imbalance of five elements; thus it serves as an ideal model for genomic study using cDNA microarray. We have performed microarray analyses to major organs of damp-obstructed rats. Cluster analysis for the expression profiles of major organs indicated that spleen, stomach, and kidney respond to dampness differently from heart, liver, lung, and brain. Gene expression profile specific to each element or group of elements was also identified. Our results are consistent with the philosophy of Chinese medicine that the five elements, metal (lung), wood (liver), water (kidney), fire (heart), and earth (spleen and stomach) coordinate by subjugation or restriction to maintain a healthy, physiological state. This is the first time that a powerful genomic tool was applied to probe the ancient theory of Chinese medicine.
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Aihara, Shimpei, Ryusei Shibata, Ryosuke Mizukami, Takara Sakai, and Akira Shionoya. "Deep Learning-Based Myoelectric Potential Estimation Method for Wheelchair Operation." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041615.
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Wheelchair sports are recognized as an international sport, and research and support are being promoted to increase the competitiveness of wheelchair sports. For example, an electromyogram can observe muscle activity. However, it is generally used under controlled conditions due to the complexity of preparing the measurement equipment and the movement restrictions imposed by cables and measurement equipment. It is difficult to perform measurements in actual competition environments. Therefore, in this study, we developed a method to estimate myoelectric potential that can be used in competitive environments and does not limit physical movement. We developed a deep learning model that outputs surface myoelectric potentials by inputting camera images of wheelchair movements and the measured values of inertial sensors installed on wheelchairs. For seven subjects, we estimated the myoelectric potential during chair work, which is important in wheelchair sports. As a result of creating an in-subject model and comparing the estimated myoelectric potential with the myoelectric potential measured by an electromyogram, we confirmed a correlation (correlation coefficient 0.5 or greater at a significance level of 0.1%). Since this method can estimate the myoelectric potential without limiting the movement of the body, it is considered that it can be applied to the performance evaluation of wheelchair sports.
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Lo Presti, Daniela, Martina Zaltieri, Marco Bravi, Michelangelo Morrone, Michele Arturo Caponero, Emiliano Schena, Silvia Sterzi, and Carlo Massaroni. "A Wearable System Composed of FBG-Based Soft Sensors for Trunk Compensatory Movements Detection in Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Patients." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041386.
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In this study, a novel wearable system for the identification of compensatory trunk movements (CTMs) in post-stroke hemiplegic patients is presented. The device is composed of seven soft sensing elements (SSEs) based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology. Each SSE consists of a single FBG encapsulated into a flexible matrix to enhance the sensor’s robustness and improve its compliance with the human body. The FBG’s small size, light weight, multiplexing capability, and biocompatibility make the proposed wearable system suitable for multi-point measurements without any movement restriction. Firstly, its manufacturing process is presented, together with the SSEs’ mechanical characterization to strain. Results of the metrological characterization showed a linear response of each SSE in the operating range. Then, the feasibility assessment of the proposed system is described. In particular, the device’s capability of detecting CTMs was assessed on 10 healthy volunteers and eight hemiplegic patients while performing three tasks which are representative of typical everyday life actions. The wearable system showed good potential in detecting CTMs. This promising result may foster the use of the proposed device on post-stroke patients, aiming at assessing the proper course of the rehabilitation process both in clinical and domestic settings. Moreover, its use may aid in defining tailored strategies to improve post-stoke patients’ motor recovery and quality of life.
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Close, David, Kari Babski-Reeves, Daniel Carruth, Christopher Blackledge, and Marianne Wilhelm. "Assessment of Body Armor Design Impacts on User Perceptions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 14 (October 2009): 912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301412.
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Body armor is a critical part of the law enforcement uniform. It provides protection from ballistic impacts during critical events. Despite many agencies providing armor to its employees, compliance with use standards within agencies has been reported to be low due to discomfort. Few studies exist in the public domain that have documented specific design features that contribute to the non-compliance issues. This study investigated body armor configurations (3 levels) on usability perceptions following simulated tasks. Results indicated that differences in design ratings, overall ratings, and rating of interference differed for each configuration studied. Specifically arm, shoulder, and neck movement was identified as being restrictive. Further, it impacted the ability of the officers to gain control of reach essential equipment (e.g., handcuffs) and in the completion of essential tasks (e.g., suspect restraint). Therefore, design considerations affect user perceptions of the armor and may be responsible for non-compliance issues.
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de Rooij, G. H. "Averaged water potentials in soil water and groundwater, and their connection to menisci in soil pores, field-scale flow phenomena, and simple groundwater flows." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 26, 2011): 1601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1601-2011.
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Abstract. The movement of subsurface water is mostly studied at the pore scale and the Darcian scale, but the field and regional scales are of much larger societal interest. Volume-averaging has provided equations at these larger scales, but the required restrictions rendered them of little practical interest. Others hypothesized a direct connection at hydrostatic equilibrium between the average matric potential of a subsurface body of water and the average pressure drop over the menisci in the soil pores. The link between the volume-averaged potential energy of subsurface water bodies and large-scale fluxes remains largely unexplored. This paper treats the effect of menisci on the potential energy of the water behind them in some detail, and discusses some field-scale effects of pore-scale processes. Then, various published expressions for volume-averaged subsurface water potentials are compared. The intrinsic phase average is deemed the best choice. The hypothesized relationship between average matric potential and average meniscus curvature is found to be valid for unit gradient flow instead of hydrostatic equilibrium. Still, this restriction makes the relationship hold only for a specific depth range in the unsaturated zone under specific conditions, and certainly not for entire fields or catchments. In the groundwater, volume-averaged potential energy is of more use: for linearized, steady flows with flow lines that are parallel, radially diverging, and radially converging, proofs are derived for proportionality between averaged hydraulic potentials and fluxes towards open water at a fixed potential. For parallel flow, a simplified but relevant transient flow case also exhibits this proportionality.
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LIKHOLETOV, A. N., and V. YU CHERNETSKII. "Instability of the lumbosacral spine." Practical medicine 20, no. 4 (2022): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2022-4-165-170.
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The instability of the lumbosacral spine is determined by a disability to maintain the connections between vertebrae, to prevent their displacement depending on the load and physiological position of the body, which from the standpoint of biomechanics leads to a violation of the proper functioning of the spine. Depending on the violation of the constituent element of the vertebral-motor segment, there are three types of instability: discogenic, discartrogenic (retrolisthetic type) and discartroosteogenic (antelisthetic type). The clinical picture of spinal instability is characterized by a violation of the supporting function and the failure of the supporting complexes, the formation of spinal deformities, which causes irritation of the spinal cord and is accompanied by pain syndrome, muscle tension, movement restriction and neurological disorders. The clinical symptoms of instability in the lumbosacral spine include: the «tightrope walker» gait, with pronounced deformities accompanied by a «duck» gait; the «step» symptom; the «reins» symptom; increased pain syndrome during movements in the spine; an increase in lumbar lordosis; horizontal location of the sacrum; hypotrophy of the gluteal muscle. The main tools for diagnosing instability are functional radiographs, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and the use of the scoring method. Treatment of instability in the lumbosacral spine depends on the underlying disease. The main method of surgical treatment of instability in the spinal-motor segment is decompressive-stabilizing surgical interventions, taking into account the correction of the vertebral-pelvic relationships using modern interbody implants.
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Halvorsen, Kjartan, Torsten Söderström, Virgil Stokes, and Håkan Lanshammar. "Using an Extended Kalman Filter for Rigid Body Pose Estimation." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 3 (December 6, 2004): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1894371.
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Rigid body pose is commonly represented as the rigid body transformation from one (often reference) pose to another. This is usually computed for each frame of data without any assumptions or restrictions on the temporal change of the pose. The most common algorithm was proposed by Söderkvist and Wedin (1993, “Determining the Movements of the Skeleton Using Well-configured Markers,” J. Biomech., 26, pp. 1473–1477), and implies the assumption that measurement errors are isotropic and homogenous. This paper describes an alternative method based on a state space formulation and the application of an extended Kalman filter (EKF). State space models are formulated, which describe the kinematics of the rigid body. The state vector consists of six generalized coordinates (corresponding to the 6 degrees of freedom), and their first time derivatives. The state space models have linear dynamics, while the measurement function is a nonlinear relation between the state vector and the observations (marker positions). An analytical expression for the linearized measurement function is derived. Tracking the rigid body motion using an EKF enables the use of a priori information on the measurement noise and type of motion to tune the filter. The EKF is time variant, which allows for a natural way of handling temporarily missing marker data. State updates are based on all the information available at each time step, even when data from fewer than three markers are available. Comparison with the method of Söderkvist and Wedin on simulated data showed a considerable improvement in accuracy with the proposed EKF method when marker data was temporarily missing. The proposed method offers an improvement in accuracy of rigid body pose estimation by incorporating knowledge of the characteristics of the movement and the measurement errors. Analytical expressions for the linearized system equations are provided, which eliminate the need for approximate discrete differentiation and which facilitate a fast implementation.
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Lukoševičius, Vaidas, Rolandas Makaras, Arūnas Rutka, Robertas Keršys, Andrius Dargužis, and Ramūnas Skvireckas. "Investigation of Vehicle Stability with Consideration of Suspension Performance." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 9778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209778.
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The issue of movement stability remains highly relevant considering increasing vehicle speeds. The evaluation of vehicle stability parameters and the modeling of specific movement modes is a complex task, as no universal evaluation criteria have been established. The main task in modeling car stability is an integrated assessment of the vehicle’s road interactions and identification of relationships. The main system affecting the vehicle’s road interaction is the suspension of the vehicle. Vehicle suspension is required to provide constant wheel to road surface contact, thus creating the preconditions for stability of vehicle movement. At the same time, it must provide the maximum possible body insulation against the effect of unevennesses on the road surface. Combining the two marginal prerequisites is challenging, and the issue has not been definitively solved to this day. Inaccurate alignment of the suspension and damping characteristics of the vehicle suspension impairs the stability of the vehicle, and passengers feel discomfort due to increased vibrations of the vehicle body. As a result, the driving speed is artificially restricted, the durability of the vehicle body is reduced, and the transported cargo is affected. In the study, analytical computational and experimental research methods were used. Specialized vehicle-road interaction assessment programs were developed for theoretical investigation. The methodology developed for assessing vehicle movement stability may be used for the following purposes: design and improvement of vehicle suspension and other mechanisms that determine vehicle stability; analysis of road spans assigned with characteristic vehicle movement settings; road accident situation analysis; design of road structures and establishment of certain operational restrictions on the road structures. A vehicle suspension test bench that included original structure mechanisms that simulate the effect of the road surface was designed and manufactured to test the results of theoretical calculations describing the work of the vehicle suspension and to study various suspension parameters. Experimental investigations were carried out by examining the vibrations of vehicle suspension elements caused by unevenness on the road surface.
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Weihmann, Tom, Hanns Hagen Goetzke, and Michael Günther. "Requirements and limits of anatomy-based predictions of locomotion in terrestrial arthropods with emphasis on arachnids." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 6 (November 2015): 980–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.33.
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AbstractModern computer-aided techniques foster the availability and quality of 3D visualization and reconstruction of extinct and extant species. Moreover, animated sequences of locomotion and other movements find their way into motion pictures and documentary films, but also gain attraction in science. While movement analysis is well advanced in vertebrates, particularly in mammals and birds, analyses in arthropods, with their much higher variability regarding general anatomy and size, are still in their infancies and restricted to a few laboratory species. These restrictions and deficient understanding of terrestrial arthropod locomotion in general impedes sensible reconstruction of movements in those species that are not directly observable (e.g., extinct and cryptic species). Since shortcomings like over-simplified approaches to simulate arthropod locomotion became obvious recently, in this review we provide insight into physical, morphological, physiological, behavioral, and ecological constraints, which are essential for sensible reconstructions of terrestrial arthropod locomotion. Such concerted consideration along with sensible evaluations of stability and efficiency requirements can pave the way to realistic assessment of leg coordination and body dynamics.
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Niewiadomska, Anna Maria, Chunjuan Tian, Lindi Tan, Tao Wang, Phuong Thi Nguyen Sarkis, and Xiao-Fang Yu. "Differential Inhibition of Long Interspersed Element 1 by APOBEC3 Does Not Correlate with High-Molecular-Mass-Complex Formation or P-Body Association." Journal of Virology 81, no. 17 (June 20, 2006): 9577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02800-06.
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ABSTRACT The human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (A3G) and other APOBEC3 proteins exhibit differential inhibitory activities against diverse endogenous retroelements and retroviruses, including Vif-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The potential inhibitory activity of human APOBEC proteins against long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) has not been fully evaluated. Here, we demonstrate inhibition of LINE-1 by multiple human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, including previously unreported activity for A3DE and A3G. More ancient members of APOBEC, cytidine deaminases AID and APOBEC2, had no detectable activity against LINE-1. A3A, which did not form high-molecular-mass (HMM) complexes and interacted poorly with P bodies, was the most potent inhibitor of LINE-1. A3A specifically recognizes LINE-1 RNA but not the other cellular RNAs tested. However, in the presence of LINE-1, A3A became associated with HMM complexes containing LINE-1 RNA. The ability of A3A to recognize LINE-1 RNA required its catalytic domain and was important for its LINE-1 suppression. Although the mechanism of LINE-1 restriction did not seem to involve DNA editing, A3A inhibited the accumulation of nascent LINE-1 DNA, suggesting interference with LINE-1 reverse transcription and/or integration or intracellular movement of LINE-1 ribonucleoprotein. Thus, association with P bodies or cellular HMM complexes could not predict the potency of APOBEC3 anti-LINE-1 activities. The catalytic domain of APOBEC3 proteins may be important for proper folding and target factors such as RNA or protein interaction in addition to cytidine deamination.
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Vorotnikov, V. I. "On Control Moments Construction for Uniaxial Reorientation Problem of Rigid Body under Disturbances." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 23, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.23.661-669.
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The problem of uniaxial reorientation of an asymmetric rigid body is solved by means of external control moments. The given geometric restrictions are imposed on the control moments. External uncontrolled interference is taken into account, the statictical descriptions of which is not available. It is assumed that the control moments of external forces are "applied" to the main central axes of inertia connected with the body. The control process is modeled be a nonlinear conflict-controlled system of ordinary differential equations, including dynamic Euler equations and kinematic equations in Poisson variables. The control moments are formed according to the feedback principle as nonlinear functions (discontinuous) of the phase variables of the considered conflict-controlled system. The choise of such functions is determined by the following circumstances: 1) the solution of the original nonlinear reorientation problem can be reduced to the solution of linear antagonistic game problems (with an unfixed end time); 2) in the absence of interference, the control momets are time-suboptimal; 3) reorientation is achieved by one spatial turn without additional restrictions on the nature of the resulting movement (such as a flat turn, etc.). Solutions of the closed control system are understood in the Filippov sense. An estimate of admissible levels of external un controlled interference depending on the given restrictions on the control moments is indicated, the conclusion of which is based on the indicated interpretation of the solutions. This estimate is a sufficient condition under which a guaranteed solution of the reorientation problem is provided in finite time by means of proposed constructions of control moments. An iterative algorithm is given for finding the control moment parameters that determine the guaranteed reorientation time.
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Vikovych, Ihor, Ljubomyr Krainyk, Roman Zinko, Vitalij Popovych, and Orest Horbai. "Design of impact dampers for transporting cargoes by two-link vehicles." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 7 (110) (April 30, 2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.229447.
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This paper considers the influence of the transitional modes of movement (acceleration, braking) of a multi-link vehicle on the vibration protection of transported non-fixed or partially fixed cargoes. The impact phenomenon, in this case, can be strengthened by the existence of coupling mechanisms between the links of a multi-link vehicle. To reduce such horizontal impact loads, it is advisable to use elements with viscoelastic damping in the coupling devices of a multi-link vehicle. To study the actual impact phenomena during the transportation of non-fixed or partially fixed cargoes under the extreme modes of movement of two-link vehicles, it is proposed to use a flat two- and three-mass dynamic model with viscoelastic damping. At the same time, the theory of elastic impact has been applied while the elastic-damping characteristics of vehicles' suspensions were not taken into consideration. It has been shown that the reported research results make it possible to estimate the approximate values of the mechanical parameters for restrictive devices that protect non-fixed or partially fixed cargoes from impact, during the transition modes of transportation, depending on the conditions of motion. This practically makes it possible to select the rational design parameters for the elements of viscoelastic restrictive devices, in particular elastic elements and dampers, in order to reduce impact loads on non-fixed heavy cargoes during transportation under extreme modes of movement. Based on this study, a procedure of vibration protection of non-fixed or partially fixed cargoes in the body of a two-link vehicle during its uneven movement has been proposed, which implies determining the maximum dynamic loads on these cargoes as well as the possibility of choosing the rational design parameters for restrictive devices in order to prevent or reduce the impact of these cargoes hitting the restrictive devices
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Prokop, Anna, Anna Kałucka, Wojciech Kałużyński, and Łukasz Kikowski. "THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LUMBO-PELVIC-HIP COMPLEX CAPACITY EVALUATION IN BODYBUILDERS AND FOOTBALL REFEREES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 11 (2022): 2722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202211202.
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The aim: A comparative analysis of the efficiency of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex for bodybuilders and football referees. Defining factors that are related and those that are not related to their professions that can affect their efficiency of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. Materials and methods: 35 bodybuilders and 41 football referees were randomly selected in different assosiations in Lodz. The study was performed using a questionnaire and tests for the SFTR range of motion of hip joints and also a Shober test. Results: It occurs that statistically the extension, flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation were significant with bodybuilders and the extension and internal rotation movement with the referees. The mean values for the Shober test when moving forward were worse for the test group than man for the control group were correct. Alongside bulking within the test group and control group the range of motion in the hip joint has decreased. The biggest statistical significance has been for the flexion and internal rotation. Conclusions: In the group of bodybuilders the restriction appears to be in 5 out of 6 type of movements in the hip joint area: extension, flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation. In the second group, football referees the range of motion forward and internal rotation is restricted. The mobility of the lumbar region in both groups is within the average, but for the bodybuilders at quite low. The efficiency of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex is determined by duration of training, body mass, type of training and also any pain ailments. Bodybuilders have less efficiency of lumbo-pelvic-hip complex.