Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Restriction du flux sanguin'
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Fortin, Jean-François. "Influence de la restriction du flux sanguin à l'échauffement sur l'oxygénation musculaire et la performance lors de sprints répétés chez des joueurs de football américain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34441.
Full textRepeated-sprint ability (RSA) is an important determinant of performance in American football. Athletes and coaches use varied interventions to enhance RSA, with the goal of delaying the onset of fatigue. Many authors have suggested that increasing the oxidative metabolism through appropriate training could mitigate the influence of the limiting factors that cause fatigue and thereby enhance RSA. Aside from physical training, a well-conducted warm-up may also enhance RSA by acutely improving skeletal muscle VO2 and VO2 kinetics. The so-called blood-flow restriction (BFR) technique is a compression method that allows manipulating blood flow to skeletal muscles. BFR is employed during exercise and does not elicit complete ischemia. The pressure applied to the limbs with cuffs or elastic wraps (practical BFR) is sufficient to impede the venous outflow but maintains some of the arterial inflow. The BFR-induced acute adaptations mimic some of the mechanisms of a warm-up, and could thereby potentiate the effects of a warm-up on RSA. The study presented later in this paper examined this hypothesis. Our results suggest that performing BFR during warm-up may increase local blood volume and muscle O2 saturation during some parts of a subsequent RSA test. Although the BFR warm-up did not clearly impact performance, the altered physiological responses could prove beneficial to American football players and other team-sport athletes in longer activities involving multiple bouts of maximal efforts, such as games
Desanlis, Julien. "Haemodynamic and cardiorespiratory acute and chronic responses to different blood flow restrictions at rest and during exercise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASW008.
Full textIschaemia induced by an inflated cuff at rest (Ischemic Preconditioning, IPC) or during exercise (Blood Flow Restriction, BFR) affects the oxygen transport chain, depending on the cuff pressure. This local hypoxia is used to optimise training effects. The objective of this thesis is to study the haemodynamic and cardio-respiratory responses and adaptations to different levels of blood flow restriction, at rest or during exercise. The reliability of muscle oxygenation values obtained using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is studied to enable further investigations of haemodynamic responses. The results show excellent intra-session reliability but a lack of inter-session reliability. At rest, muscle oxygenation is significantly affected by partial and complete occlusions differently. However, no significant differences are observed between absolute and individualised supra-systolic pressures. During exercise, four weeks of high-intensity aerobic training with various BFR levels improve cycling performance in a maximal incremental test and submaximal efficiency, regardless of the training pressure used. The results of the present PhD manuscript provide research perspectives on the physiological processes involved in responses to local hypoxia and suggest applications of BFR in aerobic training to improve cardiovascular and respiratory parameters
DELESALLE, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Semeiologie i. R. M. Du flux." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M106.
Full textCastier, Yves. "Remodelage vasculaire associé à une augmentation chronique du flux sanguin." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077051.
Full textAll change in haemodynamic conditions (blood flow or pressure), in hormonal or metabolic status, and ail traumatism or external constriction of the vessel can lead to vascular remodeling. We have studied the vascular remodeling associated with chronic changes in blood flow. We developed a mouse model of peripheral arteriovenous fistula, Connecting the common carotid artery with the jugular vein, which does not modify the blood pressure. Using transgenic animals and different strains of the mouse available we studied two different aspects of the vascular remodeling associated with a chronic increase in blood flow. We demonstrated that reactive oxygen species play a fundamental role in flow-induced vascular enlargement. Moreover, we showed that NADPH oxidase comprising p47phox subunit is the major generator of shear stress-induced reactive oxygen species in the vascular wall. Together with NO derived from eNOS activation, reactive oxygen species produce peroxynitrite, which in ail probability accounts for MMP activation and enlargement of flow-loaded vessels. We characterized the neointimal hyperplasia at the site of the anastomosis that evolves after the creation of an arteriovenous in our mouse model and we investigated the role of progenitor cells in the neointima formation. We showed that smooth muscle cells of the neointima lesion do not originale from bone marrow stem cells. Conversely, the lesion contains microvessels of which a significant number of endothelial cells are derived from bone marrow stem cells
MATROUGUI, KHALID. "Controle du tonus vasomoteur des arteres de resistance : role de la pression et du flux sanguin." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077316.
Full textNourhashemi, Mina. "Analyse multimodale du couplage neurovasculaire chez le nouveau-né." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0059/document.
Full textNeurovascular coupling (NVC) has become the key aspect for understanding brain function. A multimodal exploration would aim to identify the early NVC biomarkers and determine their predictive character. Paper (1): In this chapter, the photothermal interaction of NIR laser on human tissues were modelled in silico. The results demonstrated the safety of the noninvasive optical evaluation of the brain function and the maximum temperature increase was higher in the neonatal brain than in the adult brain. Paper (2 & 3): The main purpose of this thesis was to provide a multimodal view of the NVC and cerebrovascular regulation in the neonatal premature brain. Paper (2): Key findings included that rCBV and rCMRO2 have a predominant driving influence on rCBF at the resting-state in the preterm neonatal brain. Paper (3): The bursts of electroencephalographic activity in neonates in resting state were found to be coupled to a transient hemodynamic response involving different types of hemodynamic response including: (a) positive stereotyped hemodynamic responses (increases in HbO, decreases in HbR together with increases in CBF and CMRO2), (b) negative hemodynamic responses (increases in HbR, decreases in HbO together with decreases in CBF and CMRO2), (c) Increases and decreases in both HbO-HbR and CMRO2 together with no changes in CBF. The establishment of neurovascular coupling system was observed as a function of age. High coherence was observed between the cerebral hemodynamic (vascular) and electrical (neuronal) oscillations which was less in the non-encephalopathic newborns than in the two pathological groups
Bauer, Daniela. "Modélisation mécanique par approche continue et discrète des variations du flux sanguin dans la peau et validation expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007943.
Full textSarkis, Albert. "Flux sanguin rénal médullaire et natriurèse de pression chez le rat de souche lyonnaise : effets de l'angiotensine II." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T190.
Full textGuesdon, Pascal. "Rôle de l'activation musculaire sur la dynamique des écoulements veineux." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077054.
Full textWe present an experimental setup representing muscular draining in the lower leg. A collapsible tube is placed vertically in a hermetic chamber connected to a variable pressure tank. With the help of electrovalves we study a draining corresponding to walking. When the external pressure is raised a phenomenon of flow limitation appears and the draining time is very long. We also present numerical simulations showing that a critical passage subcritical supercritical originates the flow limitation
HARTMANN, ALINE. "Contribution a l'etude de la microcirculation pulpaire chez le rat et l'homme (doctorat : biologie et biomateriaux du milieu buccal et osseux)." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA07GE01.
Full textGens, Fabrice. "Système ultrasonore d'imagerie et d'estimation du flux sanguin par intercorrélation haute-fréquence : application à l'étude de la microcirculation cutanée." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR3302.
Full textBergaya, Sonia. "Rôle de la kallicréine tissulaire dans l'adaptation de la paroi vasculaire à des modifications de flux." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077022.
Full textGong, Dusheng. "Caractérisation du comportement mécanique des microvaisseaux sanguins : application à l'estimation indirecte de la compliance des microvaisseaux chez les rats sains et diabétiques." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077064.
Full textA lot of researches indicate that several vascular diseases such as diabetes mellitus are related to the vascular lesions. Since, the clinical complications of diabetes are strongly linked to micro and macro vascular lesions, the blood vessels should be regarded as the primary target in diabetes mellitus. Compliance and distensibility (i. E. The storage capacities of the vessels) are the most widely used parameter to evaluate vessel function, but are still difficult to assess in the microcirculation network. This study is concerned by the screening for early stages of microcirculation alteration of mechanical properties in diabetic patients: we develop an original method for the real-time estimation of microcirculatorcompliance. In association with the Laser Doppler Velocimetry technology, we analyse the time dependence of the velocity response in a compliant vessel subjected to a step flow. This response gives the necessary elements to assess the compliance for both normal and diabetic rats in rat mesentery with vessels diamete less than 500μm. Differences between normal and diabetic rat have been clearly underlined in terms of vessel compliance of the investigated microcirculatory network. We are convinced that new perspectives for the early treatment and prevention of cardiovascular events might be provided by an enhanced appreciation of the diabetes impact on microcirculation network
Niamba, Séraphin. "Étude in vivo de la régulation du flux sanguin post-transplantation par le bloqueur des canaux calciques de type-R l'isradipine." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4153.
Full textBeauchamp, Miriam H. "Changements de flux sanguin cérébraux associés à l'apprentissage d'une habileté cognitive par l'entremise de la tâche de la tour de Londres." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/63181.
Full textNiamba, Séraphin. "Étude in vivo de la régulation du flux sanguin post-transplantation par le bloqueur des canaux calciques de type-R : l'isradipine." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textDroulers, Eric. "Flux et flash ou utilisation des séquences rapides en écho de gradient Flash 2D en IRM pour étudier le Flux au niveau des trous déchirés postérieurs et comparaison avec des séquences classiques en écho de spin." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23059.
Full textBlanc, Laurence. "Expression des proteines decouplantes humaines dans le tissu adipeux et le muscle. Lipolyse et flux sanguin in situ en fonction du depot adipeux." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30065.
Full textLyons, Declan. "Cartographie de l'oxygénation cérébrale chez la souris éveillée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066046/document.
Full textTwo-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy allows depth-resolved micron-scale measurements of oxygen partial pressure (Po2) in the brain. The spatiotemporal resolution of these measurements has shown that the portion of capillary plasma in the vicinity of red blood cells (RBCs) has a higher Po2(Po2RBC) than that distant from RBCs(Po2InterRBC). Our group has shown that Po2InterRBC equilibrates with neuropil Po2 and can thus be used to non-invasively measure tissue Po2 (Parpaleix et al., 2013). The relevance of reported high-resolution Po2 values remains uncertain as measurements have only been performed during anaesthesia, which affects both neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow, and thus brain Po2.I measured Po2 at rest, in the awake, unstressed mouse in two brain regions, the olfactory bulb glomerular layer (GL) and the somatosensory cortex. The first section of my research, conducted in the GL, produced the first measurements of blood flow and Po2 parameters in the cerebral microvasculature in physiological conditions. I determined mean Po2 levels of values of 60.6 mmHg for Po2RBC, 23 mmHg for tissue Po2. In the cortex Po2 values show differences between the superficial layers. Furthermore the relationships of RBC Po2 and tissue Po2 to the blood flow parameters differed between the cortical layers, and also in comparison to the olfactory bulb GL.I compared both vascular and tissue Po2 between the awake and anaesthetised states, and observed that anaesthetics can dramatically change Po2 at the microvascular scale. This finding emphasises the importance of measuring these values in the physiologically normal brain
Garcia, Flores Julio. "Nouvelles approches pour la détermination de la sévérité de la sténose aortique à partir des vitesses du flux sanguin mesurées par imagerie de résonance magnétique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29190/29190.pdf.
Full textAortic valve stenosis is the most common cardiovascular disease after coronary artery diseases and hypertension. Doppler-echocardiography (DE) is the standard method for the evaluation of the severity of aortic stenosis (AS). Valve effective orifice area (EOA) measured by the continuity equation is one of the most frequently used stenotic indices. However, TTE measurement of aortic valve EOA is not feasible or not reliable in a significant proportion of patients. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as a non-invasive alternative method to evaluate EOA using velocity measurements. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) To compare the DE-derived EOA and CMR-derived EOA using the continuity equation (CE) and 2) To propose new CMR methods to assess EOA and the AS severity; 3) To determine the feasibility of the measurement of the parameters of valve opening and closing kinetics by CMR and 4) To validate new CMR methods to estimate vorticity magnitude. Our work showed a good agreement between the DE-derived EOA and CMR-derived EOA using the CE. This agreement was, however, only due to error compensations. We therefore developed and validated a new CMR method based on the acoustical source term (AST) to estimate the valve EOA and then to introduce a simplified version not requiring vorticity field derivation. This study showed that AST-derived EOA calculated from CMR velocity field measurements is a reliable method to estimate valve EOA and can be useful to confirm AS severity when DE examination is inconclusive. Hence, CMR provides a non-invasive and reliable alternative to DE for the quantification of AS severity. Our work also demonstrated the excellent feasibility and reproducibility of CMR for the measurement of valve kinetic parameters in patients with AS. Furthermore, these parameters compare favorably with conventional indices of stenosis severity to predict risk of poor prognosis. However, the use of CE to estimate EOA may be subject to measurement errors. Furthermore, a validation of new CMR methods for estimate vorticity magnitude was presented. Vorticity and vortical structures play a fundamental role affecting the evaluation of energetic aspects of cardiovascular function. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the feasibility, reliability, and utility of new CMR methods and parameters to identify and quantify the dysfunction of native. New CMR methods estimating vorticity were validated in vivo.
Bizeau, Alexandre. "Segmentation et extraction de caractéristiques des vaisseaux sanguins cérébraux à l'aide de l'IRM." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10259.
Full textAbstract : The neurovascular coupling is a growing field; it studies the effects of cerebral activity on the behaviour of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the blood vessels themselves. With the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is possible to obtain images such as susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to see the veins or time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) to visualize the arteries. These images allow having a structural representation of vessels in the brain. This thesis presents a method to segment blood vessels from structural images and extract their features. Using the segmentation mask, it is possible to calculate the diameter of the vessels as well as their length. With the help of such automatic segmentation tools, we conducted a study to analyze the behaviour of blood vessels during neuronal activities. Due to visual stimulation, we have acquired two images; one at rest and the other with stimulation. We compare the diameter in each of the images and obtain vasodilation in millimeters, but also as a percentage in each voxel. We also calculated the distance between the activation site and each voxel to see the magnitude of the vasodilation function of the distance. All this provides a better understanding of the vascular system of the human brain.
Leblanc, Béatrice. "Etude du débit sanguin cérébral par la méthode du SPECT (Single photon emission Computed Tomography) dans les spasmes infantiles." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M116.
Full textBen, Abdessalem Khaled. "Etude de l'écoulement pulsatile d'un fluide visqueux dans un milieu viscoélastique non linéaire et présentant deux sites de réflexion : application à l'écoulement du sang dans les artères." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077212.
Full textThe knowledge of hemodynamic quantities of the cardiovascular System in relation to pathological or physiological data h£ been the subject of much research in recent decades. The aim of this thesis was to study the possibility of non-intrusive investigation of the arterial System, which is based on the use of ultrasound measurement. We have developed seven methods for non-invasive quantification of hemodynamic quantities of clinical interest. We presented in a first time a method for determining the propagation coefficient, based on simultaneous measurement of the velocity or radius into three section of an arterial trunk. In a second time, we presented a new method of measuring this quantity, based on non-invasive measurement of the velocity and radius at only two sections of a tube or an arterial tree. These methods have been validate by numerical simulation for various geometrical and physical conditions in the presence of noise. In the second part of the work, we developed a method that allows estimation of wave speed through the measurement of velocity and the section in single site. The results of experiments on hydrodynamics banc were compared with classic models of literature. We the presented two methods for the assessment of the distance from the reflection site. Finally we have developed a model the takes into account the presence of two reflections sites. The model allows Computing the flow, the unsteady pressure and the impedance
Phua, Chee Teck. "Développement d’une nouvelle méthode de mesure du rythme cardiaque et du débit sanguin fondée sur les perturbations localisées d’un champ magnétique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1099/document.
Full textContinuous pulse rate, blood pressure and blood flow monitoring are important for the assessment of physiological vital signs as these are able to provide continuous feedback on the health condition of an individual. Existing commercial, medical and research methods to continuously acquire such these physiological vital signs require good electrical or optical contact. During this research, a magnetic based sensing method, at room temperature, for blood pulse, flow and pressure is developed to achieve data acquisition through fabric, environmental contaminants and body-fluids. This method is named Modulated Magnetic Signature of Blood (MMSB) and physical measurements were conducted on multiple subjects, mathematically modelled and simulated in a multi-physics environment with verification through use of measurement data. Measurement results, using MMSB, for blood pressure and blood flow were compared, and found to be well correlated, with lifestyle device and medical research instruments respectively. In addition, two devices are developed, and are in the midst of commercialization, to support lifestyle applications
Phua, Chee Teck. "Développement d'une nouvelle méthode de mesure du rythme cardiaque et du débit sanguin fondée sur les perturbations localisées d'un champ magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794495.
Full textJamois, Patricia. "Evaluation chez l'homme de l'effet antiinflammatoire de molécules à activité "capteur" de radicaux libres à partir d'un modèle d'inflammation au nicotinate de méthyle par mesure du flux sanguin cutané." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P260.
Full textLinares, Romain. "Caractérisation, quantification et isolation de vésicules extracellulaires du plasma sanguin à l’aide de nanoparticules d’or ou magnétiques conjuguées à des protéines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0344/document.
Full textExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicrometric membrane vesicles found in body fluids and produced by cells in response to various stimuli. EVs are involved in numerous physiological processes but also in pathologies as cancers or cardiovascular diseases. Even if EVs are largely studied, our knowledge about them remains limited. This is mainly caused by the difficulties to characterize EVs and by the lack of standardized methods allowing their characterization. The first part of my PhD work focused on the development and optimization of a protein thiolation method. Antibodies modified to expose few thiols were conjugated to gold nanoparticles functionalized with maleimides. The binding of thiolated antibodies to gold nanoparticles was quantitatively studied and optimal conjugation conditions were determined using biochemical methods. The second part of my PhD work concerned the characterization of blood plasma EVs from healthy subjects using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). EVs morphology, size and phenotype were determined by cryo-TEM combined with labelling with protein-conjugated gold nanoparticles. The near-absolute quantification of blood plasma EVs was achieved using an original TEM method based on the direct sedimentation of EVs onto TEM grids. The third part of this study consisted in developing an EV isolation method using AnxA5-conjugated magnetic particles. Conditions allowing total extraction of blood plasma phosphatidylserine-exposing EVs were determined using flow cytometry (FC). This study presents a detailed characterization of blood plasma EVs from healthy subjects and can serve as a reference for future studies on EVs contained in pathological plasmas or other body fluids
Florence, Geneviève. "Régulation du débit sanguin dans le cortex cérébral pendant des hypotensions céphaliques induites par saignées et par accélérations + Gz." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD04.
Full textBrodoline, Alexey. "Holographie numérique appliquée à l’imagerie 3D rapide de la circulation sanguine chez le poisson-zèbre." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS058/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we present an imaging technique based on digital holography.It enables to image in 3D and in time the blood circulation in a zebrafish larva. The 3D information is acquired in a single frame of the camera, which makes possible to track the movement of red blood cells in the vascular system. We will first discuss the traditional techniques of bio and blood flow imaging, then we will remind the principles of holography. Afterwards, we will describe the imaging method we developed and the experimental results obtained. We will then present the improvements that have been made to the technique. Finally, we will briefly discuss the application of the compressed sensing to the blood flow imaging in zebrafish
Fournet, Gabrielle. "IVIM : modeling, experimental validation and application to animal models." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS367/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is centered on the study of the IVIM (“Intravoxel Incoherent Motion”) MRI sequence. This sequence allows for the study of the blood microvasculature such as the capillaries, arterioles and venules. To be sensitive only to moving groups of spins, diffusion gradients are added before and after the 180° pulse of a spin echo (SE) sequence. The signal component corresponding to spins diffusing in the tissue can be separated from the one related to spins travelling in the blood vessels which is called the IVIM signal. These two components are weighted by f IVIM which represents the volume fraction of blood inside the tissue. The IVIM signal is usually modelled by a mono-exponential (ME) function and characterized by a pseudo-diffusion coefficient, D*. We propose instead a bi-exponential IVIM model consisting of a slow pool, characterized by F slow and D* slow corresponding to the capillaries as in the ME model, and a fast pool, characterized by F fast and D* fast, related to larger vessels such as medium-size arterioles and venules. This model was validated experimentally and more information was retrieved by comparing the experimental signals to a dictionary of simulated IVIM signals. The influence of the pulse sequence, the repetition time and the diffusion encoding time was also studied. Finally, the IVIM sequence was applied to the study of an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease
Lisowska, Justyna. "Control by CCM complex of the dialog between integrins and cadherins for the vascular stability." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV065.
Full textCell-cell or cell-matrix interactions have crucial roles in the maintenance of the physical cohesion of any tissue. In addition, growing body of evidence indicates that these two adhesion systems do not act independently, but rather are functionally interconnected by a permanent crosstalk. This dialog usually operates via common molecules that trigger convergent signaling as well as by actomyosin network which, by providing physical link, contributes to establishment of intracellular force counterbalancing tension applied by extracellular surrounding. Blood vessels endothelium is a particular tissue in term of mechanical conditions. Apart from intracellular compression, endothelial lining needs to resist hemodynamic forces as well as rigidity of the basal membrane - two mechanical inputs acting from opposite sides of the endothelial layer. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM) is a sporadically acquired or inherited disease of venous capillaries within neuro-vascular unit characterized by defects in all aspects of local microenvironment. Loss of intra-endothelial junctions and mural cell coverage, aberrant organization of basal lamina as well as stagnant blood flow are features of CCM lesions. Thereby, CCM became for us an interesting model to study mechanotrasduction process and in this context, the cross-talk between integrin and cadherin mediated adhesion structures. Indeed, CCM proteins are well recognized players involved in a control of VE-cadherin mediated intracellular junctions. In addition, CCM1 was found to interact with ICAP-1, a negative regulator of β1 integrin, raising the possibility that this complex most likely acts as molecular node regulating β1 integrin/ VE-cadherin convergent signaling pathways.Studies performed during this thesis have demonstrated that CCM complex coordinates cadherin- and integrin-mediated tensional homeostasis by repressing β1 integrin activation and maintaining a balance of activity between the two isoforms of RhoA-associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2. We have found that β1 integrin sustained over-activation upon CCM proteins loss contributes to increased ECs sensitivity to mechanical cues, such as ECM physical reorganization or hemodynamic force that in turn activates ROCK1-dependent contractility. This establishes a positive feedback mechanical loop that breaks tensional homeostasis and switches on the malignant phenotype
Bresson, Damien. "Étude de l’écoulement sanguin dans un anévrysme intracrânien avant et après traitement par stent flow diverter : quantification par traitement d’images de séquences angiographiques 2D." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2308/document.
Full textIntracranial aneurysms treatment based on intra aneurismal flow modification tend to replace traditionally coiling in many cases and not only complex aneurysms for which they were initially designed. Dedicated stents (low porosity, high pores density stents) called “flow diverter” stents are deployed across the neck of the aneurysm to achieve this purpose. The summation of three different mechanisms tend to lead to the healing of the aneurysm: immediate flow alteration due to the mechanical screen effect of the stent, physiological triggering of acute or progressive thrombus formation inside the aneurysm’s pouch and long term biological response leading in neointima formation and arterial wall remodeling. This underlying sequence of processes is also supposed to decrease the recanalization rate. Scientific data supporting the flow alteration theory are numerous and especially computational flow dynamics (CFD). These approaches are very helpful for improving biomechanical knowledge of the relations between blood flow and pathology, but they do not fit in real-time treatments. Neuroendovascular treatments are performed under dynamic x-ray modality (digital subtracted angiography a DSA-).However, in daily practice, FD stents are sized to the patient’s 3D vasculature anatomy and then deployed. The flow modification is then evaluated by the clinician in an intuitive manner: the decision to deploy or not another stent is based solely on a visual estimation. The lack of tools available in the angioroom for quantifying in real time the blood flow hemodynamics should be pointed out. It would make sense to take advantage of functional data contained in contrast bolus propagation and not only anatomical data. Thus, we proposed to create flow software based on angiographic analysis. This software was built using algorithms developed and validated on 2D-DSA sequences obtained in a swine intracranial aneurysm model. This intracranial animal model was also optimized to obtain 3D vascular imaging and experimental hemodynamic data that could be used to realize realistic computational flow dynamic. In a third step, the software tool was used to analyze flow modification from angiographic sequences acquired during unruptured IA from patients treated with a FD stent. Finally, correlation between flow change and aneurysm occlusion at long term follow-up with the objective of identifying predictive markers of long term occlusion was performed
Picichè, Marco. "L'augmentation de la circulation collatérale non coronarienne : l'hypothèse d'une méthode alternative de revascularisation myocardique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694112.
Full textHalimi, Laurence. "Contribution à l'évaluation de l'érythème infra-rouge chez les sujets de race asiatique, blanche et noire." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P099.
Full textMartzolff, Arnaud. "Analyse systémique du métabolisme carboné et énergétique de Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2009.
Full textThe presented thesis deals with metabolic flux computation of the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under photoautotrophic conditions, in order to understand energy storage and conversion. This work needed the development of methodological tools, such as (i) a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction, named iAM557, including 557 genes for 532 metabolites connected stoichiometrically by 599 metabolic reactions, and (ii) the design of a specific photobioreactor devoted to isotopic non stationary carbon 13 labeling experiment. Both metabolic flux computation methods, based either on constraints or on isotopic enrichment profiles collected during isotopic labeling experiments, allowed to model living system behavior during growth for different incident photon flux densities (200 and 400 μmol/m-2 s-1) and dilution rates. Growth metabolism was split up into three processes responsible for biomass growth, cell maintenance and a « futile » mechanism. Several proposed metabolic scenarios might explain this energy dissipation without biomass synthesis when a dark zone within the reaction volume occured. The study of nitrogen restriction (deprivation and limitation) featured microalgae macromolecular stock restructuration to synthesize carbohydrates compounds and especially starch, a molecule potientially used as bionergy
Gaillard-Bigot, Florence. "Approches physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques de la fonction microvasculaire dans la Sclérodermie systémique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS032/document.
Full textCutaneous microcirculation has been proposed as a model to study the global microvascular dysfunction occurring in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it is specifically impaired in systemic sclerosis (SSc), which is a rare and particularly invalidating auto-immune disease, characterized by a cutaneous and visceral fibrosis, associated with a diffuse microvascular impairment and auto-antibodies targeting some cellular antigens. The study of cutaneous microvascular function provides a real interest despite the lack of available standardized techniques, particularly to explore endothelial microvascular function.In the first part of this work, we aimed to study the physiology of cutaneous microcirculation in healthy volunteers, using the more recent methods in this field, adapted to functional study of microcirculation (vascular reactivity tests coupled with cutaneous blood flow recording by laser speckle contrast imaging). The second part of our work aimed to study the pathology of cutaneous microcirculation in SSc volunteers, by using the same functional exploration methods. The last part of this work has been dedicated to a new pharmacologic and therapeutic approach for the management of peripheral cutaneous vascular manifestations in patients, using innovating technics as cutaneous iontophoresis. We studied the vasodilator effect of treprostinil, a prostacycline analogue, on cutaneous blood flow in several anatomic regions in healthy subject, SSc patient and diabetic patient, and also during a local cooling in SSc
Borne, Rachel. "Électrostimulation neuromusculaire et récupération à court terme : implications dans la performance du sportif de haut niveau." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4138.
Full textThe practice of intense and repeated exercises, interrupted with short recovery times, may induce alterations in homeostasis and a decrease of the performance for athletes who are subject to this type of constraints. In this context, the optimization of the recovery processes is a strong possibility to improve performance and the maintain of it all along the competitive period. One of the main limits in the preservation of performance in type high-intensity, repeated at small interval of time, is attributed to the peripheral fatigue, inherent to all the mechanisms implied in the skeletal muscle excitability and contraction. This peripheral fatigue induces an inadequacy between the contributions and the cellular needs of oxygen and nutrients, and also a disability for disposal or recycling the metabolic by-products stemming from the muscular contraction. In order to limit these effects, the increase in blood flow during exercise and recovery seems essential for the good restoring of the state of physiological balance for the body and the preservation of sport performance. Therefore, the neuromuscular electrical stimulation seems to be, in theory, an effective recovery mode to improve the blood flow. This present thesis, comprising three studies, aimed to know precisely the effects of the neuromuscular electrical stimulation - by the use of a new device stemming from the medical field - on the kinetics of recovery of performance, physiological and perceptual markers, in the context of intense exercises repeated in the short terms. We hypothesized that an effective stimulation, increasing the blood flow would allow to optimize short-term recovery between two high-intensity exercises. These results should contribute to optimize, in the future, the strategies of recovery organized after an intense exercise
Ballaz, Laurent. "Développement d'un appareil d'auto-rééducation par mobilisation assistée et évaluation de son intérêt thérapeutique chez des personnes immobilisées en fauteuil." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267668.
Full textCao, Peng. "Prototypage rapide des artères carotides et étude de l'évolution du vortex au niveau de la bifurcation carotidienne par caméra rapide et IRM." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062060.
Full textROTH, MURIEL. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie d'activation cérébrale chez l'homme par résonance magnétique nucléaire : quantification de flux, imagerie de l'effet BOLD et correction des mouvements de la tête." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10016.
Full textCardoso, Cuneo Jorge E. "Le pompage portal dans la cirrhose." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05CD04.
Full textLing, Hang Jung. "Écoulement intraventriculaire en échocardiographie Doppler avec réseaux de neurones fondés sur la physique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0087.
Full textThe heart, as the central organ of the cardiovascular system, is responsible for pumping blood to all the body’s cells and tissues. Assessing cardiac health is crucial for the early detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Echocardiography, due to its portability and affordability, is commonly used to evaluate the heart’s efficiency during filling (diastolic function) and ejection (systolic function). While systolic function is typically assessed using parameters like the ejection fraction, diastolic function is often measured through mitral valve and annular velocities, which can sometimes result in inconsistent diagnoses. Intraventricular vector flow mapping (iVFM) offers an alternative approach by reconstructing vector blood flow from color Doppler acquisitions. This method allows for the evaluation of intracardiac blood flow patterns and vortex characteristics, providing potentially more accurate quantification of diastolic function. However, iVFM involves time-consuming preprocessing steps, such as left ventricular segmentation and aliasing correction. This thesis introduces deep learning (DL) techniques to automate these processes. First, 3D DL models were developed to achieve temporally consistent left ventricular segmentation. Next, DL-based methods were applied to address aliasing artifacts through segmentation and deep unfolding techniques. Finally, iVFM was performed using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and a physics-guided supervised method. The proposed neural network approaches demonstrated performance on par with the original iVFM technique, with the added benefit of the physics-guided method being independent of explicit boundary conditions. These findings underscore the potential application of PINNs in ultrafast color Doppler imaging with the integration of fluid dynamics equations to enhance reconstruction accuracy. Automating the iVFM pipeline with neural networks enhances its reliability, paving the way for clinical applications and the exploration of new flow-based biomarkers
Follain, Gautier. "Les forces hémodynamiques contrôlent la dissémination des cellules tumorales circulantes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ047.
Full textBlood from patients with cancers contains circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that are responsible for the development of metastases in vital organs. During my PhD, we studied the role of biomechanical factors (such as blood flow, strengths of adhesion receptors and physical constraints) on the dissemination of CTCs. Especially, we demonstrated the central role of blood flow forces during the arrest, the adhesion and the extravasation of CTCs, preceding the metastatic outgrowth. We highlighted a two-step mechanism of CTCs adhesion, based on several adhesion receptors and the extracellular matrix. Finally, we successfully inhibited the extravasation of CTCs, by blocking the flow-dependent endothelial remodeling around arrested tumor cells in the vessels. This paves the way to establish new therapeutic strategies to block cancer progression
Arraud, Nicolas. "Etude cinétique de la liaison élémentaire entre Annexine-A5 et membranes et mise au point d’un test de quantification des microparticules plasmatiques pro-coagulantes, par cytométrie en flux." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14459/document.
Full textAnnexin-A5 (AnxA5) is a soluble membrane binding protein that binds to phosphatidylserine (PS) containing membranes in a calcium dependent manner and plays a central role in cell membrane repair processes. AnxA5 has a remarkably high affinity for PS containing membranes, but its binding mechanism remains unclear.The first part of my PhD work was to develop a new method for studying AnxA5 binding using supported lipid bilayer functionalized silica microspheres (µPSiO2@SLB) and Flow Cytometry (FCM). This approach allowed me to describe in details both equilibrium and kinetics of AnxA5 binding at picomolar concentrations in AnxA5. This study is one of the most sensitive for equilibrium binding studies and the first allowing to measure binding kinetics constants for AnxA5. This study also led to the development of a new strategy for determination of liposome concentration with sensitivity in the range of one nanogram of lipid per milliliter. The second part of my work focused on microparticles (MP) that are cell membrane fragments found in biological fluids. In plasma, the vast majority of MP originates from platelets and expresses PS at their surface. There is a correlation between MP concentration in plasma and thrombotic risk. FCM is the “golden standard” of hæmatologic analysis but the majority of MPs are too small to be detected. I have applied the test developed with liposomes for the quantification of MP. The results are promising and allow foreseeing the development of a test able to give the absolute quantity of PS exposing MPs in plasma samples
Kirichuk, Oksana. "Avancées dans les études in vitro des interactions cellule-glycocalyx : développement d'une plateforme définie mécaniquement et biochimiquement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALY084.
Full textCell adhesion to the blood vessel wall is a complex, highly regulated physiological process. Red blood cells must repel from the blood vessel wall to prevent blood clotting while immune cells can be recruited from the vascular system to migrate into surrounding tissues. Cell adhesion hinges on the critical role played by the glycocalyx, a soft gel-like layer coating the vascular wall. However, how glycocalyx mechanical (softness, thickness) and biochemical (the composition and the density of surface receptors) properties affect this regulation is still poorly understood. Our hypothesis is that selective cell adhesion requires an intricate interplay of mechanical and biochemical cues. Elucidating the physical and molecular mechanisms that underpin selective adhesion directly in real blood vessels is challenging owing to the complexity and lack of control in in vivo systems. In my research, I aimed to construct an in vitro molecular interaction platform to facilitate mechanistic analyses. The platform combines a molecularly-defined model of the glycocalyx with mimetics of white blood cells under flow. While developing such a platform posed challenges, it offers the advantage of precise control over the physical and biochemical parameters of both the glycocalyx mimetic and cell mimetics.The newly developed glycocalyx model includes several key ingredients with tightly controlled properties: a brush of hyaluronan (HA, an essential component of the endothelial glycocalyx) is combined with P-selectin (an adhesion molecule on the endothelial cell surface critical for the homing of leukocytes). Building on previous experience in my research group, I employed a silica-supported lipid bilayer (SLB) bearing a monolayer of streptavidin (SAv), that can bind biotinylated molecules via biotin-SAv bonds. I introduce here a control of the in-plane mobility of molecules anchored to the fluid lipid bilayer using glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a cross-linking agent for SAv. Controlled grafting densities of one-end biotinylated HA chains of various lengths then create brushes of different mechanical properties. I also present a new methodology for quantitatively tuning the grafting density of smaller biotinylated molecules, which is deployed here to control the grafting density of an ‘adapter protein’ for anchoring P-selectin. The new in vitro model of the glycocalyx thus affords control over the lateral mobility, the surface density and the orientation of two distinct functional molecules.The second key component of the newly developed platform consists of white blood cell mimetics, developed based on commercially available microbeads with the size of a cell and a SAv coating. I introduce a methodology for simultaneous grafting of two types of proteins onto the bead surface: biotinylated CD44 (a ligand expressed on leukocyte surfaces, interacting specifically with HA) and PSGL-1 (a ligand of P-selectin). Additionally, I present a method for controlling the surface density of each of these proteins.I use a combination of methods as monitoring and quality control tools of glycocalyx model formation and bead functionalization: quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D); spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM); confocal microscopy with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) capabilities, and flow cytometry.This newly established platform provides a controlled environment for studying blood cell adhesion, effectively bridging the divide between cell-glycocalyx chemical interactions and the mechanical aspects of cell migration under flow, including attachment and repulsion from the vascular wall. This platform holds the potential for expansion to encompass other surface adhesion molecules or to integrate multiple adhesion molecules, to gradually advance from the bottom up our understanding of the mechanisms governing cell adhesion to blood vessels
Picichè, Marco. "L’augmentation de la circulation collatérale non coronarienne : l’hypothèse d’une méthode alternative de revascularisation myocardique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T044/document.
Full textNoncoronary collateral circulation (NCCC) comes to the heart from mediastinal, bronchial, and pericardial channels. Whether NCCC can somehow be augmented to provide an alternative therapy for ischemic patients is an intriguing hypothesis with no clear answer yet due to the challenging nature of this research field. Based on several aspects, such as (1) the occurrence of natural collaterals between coronary and the internal thoracic arteries (ITAs), (2) the potentialhemodynamic effects of ITAs ligation, (3) the potential of ITAs for developing important collateral branches, and (4) the current availability of angiogenic growth factors, the hypothesis herein is that enhancement of NCCC may represent an alternative myocardial blood supply strategy, and that combining ITAs occlusion with angiogenic growth factors may represent a way to achieve this objective. We established an ischemic canine model for first experiment
Delobel, Valentin. "Identification de la protéine "Mutated in Colorectal Cancer" (MCC) comme un nouvel acteur de la voie WNT dans l'organisation polaire du plexus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0137.
Full textWnt signalling plays a key role in the development of a functional vascular plexus, ensuring tissue homeostasis.Its dysfunction can lead to vascular pathologies such as retinopathy and dementia. However, the molecularmechanisms by which this pathway regulates vascular architecture remain poorly understood. In this study, weidentified the Mutated in Colorectal Cancer (MCC) protein as a novel component of the planar cell polarity (PCP)non-canonical Wnt pathway in endothelial cells (ECs). In vitro, we demonstrated that MCC is a direct target ofcasein kinase 1ε (CKIε), a key regulator of the Wnt pathway, under stimulation by Wnt5a, a ligand of the non-canonical Wnt pathway.Suppression of MCC by an siRNA strategy disrupts polarisation and directed migration of ECs cultured underlaminar flow. To elucidate the mechanisms by which MCC regulates EC polarity during migration, we used adifferential screening (BioID) strategy with a BirA*-MCC fusion protein expressed in ECs. Using this approach, weshowed that MCC interacts with centrosomal proteins, in particular CEP131. MCC regulates the protein level ofCEP131 by an autophagy mechanism, this process being controlled by the activation of CK1ε. Furthermore, wehave demonstrated that restoration of polarity and migration in endothelial cells treated with siRNA targetingMCC is possible by inhibiting CEP131 overexpression. We thus propose a model where Wnt5a/CK1ε-mediatedactivation of MCC is essential to maintain CEP131 levels in ECs, which is crucial for polarised Golgi apparatusorganisation during directed endothelial cell migration under flow conditions.To investigate the involvement of MCC in vascular development, we specifically depleted MCC in mouse ECs(McciECKO). Six days after birth (P6), McciECKO mutant mice show a significant delay in retinal vascular developmentwith a less dense vascular network, characterised by a reduction in proliferation and an increase in vascularregression. To analyse the polarisation defects in the mutant mice, we crossed them with GNrep reporter mice.At the migration front, McciECKO mutant mice showed major defects in Tip Cells’ polarisation and migration. Wehypothesised that ECs from McciECKO mice were more sensitive to flow. In vitro, in ECs exposed to laminar flow,loss of MCC resulted in a significant increase in the expression of KLF2, a major transcription factor in responseto shear stress. The mice were treated with Captopril to reduce arterial pressure. This treatment restored vasculardensity in McciECKO mice, but did not reverse EC polarity defects at the migration front.In summary, our results reveal MCC as a novel player in the non-canonical PCP Wnt pathway in ECs, contributingto dynamic maturation and blood vessel formation. MCC is thought to control the stability and function ofcentrosomes, which are essential for polarised EC migration. Our data demonstrate the dual role of the non-canonical Wnt pathway, both in the structural adaptation of endothelial cells and in their mechanosensoryfunctions, which are essential for proper vascular development and remodelling
Soubeyrand, Marc. "Etude de la perfusion médullaire après lésion traumatique de la moelle épinière à dure-mère intacte." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114837.
Full textAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), ischaemia aggravates lesions.Increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure can worsens ischaemia through a tamponnade effect.In humans, it has been shown that after SCI with intact dura mater, CSF pressure significantlyincreases. Therefore, preserving CSF pressure within a physiological range may limit post-traumaischaemia and improve neurological outcome. In order to experimentally study these phenomenon,we have dedicated the first part of that work to create a model of SCI in rats preserving dura’sintegrity and allowing simultaneous measurement of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and CSFpressure. We have confirmed that CSF pressure increases after SCI with intact dura. In the secondexperimental part, we have developed a technique allowing to perform spatial and temporalmeasurement of SCBF thanks to contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEU). Moreover, thistechnique allows real-time measurement of the size of the parenchymal hemorrhage. In the thirdexperimental part, we have used our experimental model in association with CEU and LaserDoppler to assess the effects of early injection of norepinephrine on SCBF and parenchymalhemorrhage. We found that norepinephrine induces a slight increase in superficial SCBF while itdoesn’t modify deep SCBF and significantly increases the size of parenchymal hemorrhage
Reynaud, Olivier. "Development of FENSI (Flow Enhanced Signal Intensity) perfusion sequence and application to the characterization of microvascular flow dynamics using MRI." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740639.
Full textRatovoson, Domoina. "Propriétés thermomécaniques de la peau et de son environnement direct." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716268.
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