Academic literature on the topic 'Restricted Loops'
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Journal articles on the topic "Restricted Loops"
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Chen, Yuanlong, and Xiaoying Wu. "Chaos on Discrete Neural Network Loops with Self-Feedback." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3528684.
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In this paper, the complex dynamical behaviors in a discrete neural network loop with self-feedback are studied. Specifically, an invariant closed set of the system of neural network loops is built and the subsystem restricted on this invariant closed set is topologically conjugate to a two-sided symbolic dynamical system which has two symbols. In the end, some illustrative numerical examples are given to demonstrate our theoretical results.
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Sempere, José M. "On Compensation Loops in Genomic Duplications." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 31, no. 01 (January 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054120400092.
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In this paper, we investigate the compensation loops, a DNA rearrangement in chromosomes due to unequal crossing over. We study the effect of compensation loops over the gene duplication, and we formalize it as a restricted case of gene duplication in general. We study this biological process under the point of view of formal languages, and we provide some results about the languages defined in this way.
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Dolenc, Jožica, Beat H. Meier, Victor H. Rusu, and Wilfred F. van Gunsteren. "Investigation of the structural preference and flexibility of the loop residues in amyloid fibrils of the HET-s prion." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 8 (2016): 5860–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00057f.
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Hoang, Tuan, and Eliot Fried. "Influence of a spanning liquid film on the stability and buckling of a circular loop with intrinsic curvature or intrinsic twist density." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 1 (October 3, 2016): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286516666135.
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A variational model is used to study the behavior of a flexible but inextensible loop spanned by a liquid film, with the objective of explaining the stability and buckling of flat circular configurations. Loops made from filaments with intrinsic curvature and/or intrinsic twist density are considered, but attention is restricted to filaments with circular cross sections and uniform mechanical properties. Loops made with intrinsic curvature but no intrinsic twist density exhibit in-plane and out-of-plane buckling modes corresponding to stable solution branches that bifurcate from the branch of flat circular solutions and out-of-plane buckling occurs at a lower value of the dimensionless surface tension of the liquid film than does in-plane buckling. Additionally, however, the destabilizing influence of the intrinsic curvature can be countered by increasing the torsional rigidity relative to the flexural rigidity. For a loop with both intrinsic curvature and intrinsic twist density, only one branch of stable solutions bifurcates from the flat circular solution branch, the in-plane and out-of-plane buckling modes are intertwined, and bifurcation occurs at a value of the dimensionless surface tension less than that governing the behavior of loops made from filaments that are intrinsically rectilinear. Moreover, increasing the torsional rigidity relative to the flexural rigidity has no or little stabilizing effect if the loop is either too short or too long and, in contrast to what occurs for loops with only intrinsic curvature, if the intrinsic twist density is sufficiently large then the destabilizing influence of the intrinsic curvature cannot be countered by increasing the torsional rigidity relative to the flexural rigidity, regardless of the length of the loop.
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Růžičková, M., P. Hájek, R. Všolák, J. Berka, and J. Šmejkalová. "New Experimental Loops for Research Reactor LVR-15." Materials Science Forum 595-598 (September 2008): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.595-598.559.
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Two experimental loops for operation in research reactor LVR-15 in ÚJV Řež are recently under preparation: High Temperature Helium Loop (HTHL) and SuperCritical Water Loop (SCWL). Pure helium will be used as working medium in HTHL and its main physical parameters are: operating pressure 7MPa, max. temperature in the test section 900°C and flow rate 36kg/h. HTHL will include helium purification system, system for dosage of impurities (e.g. CO2, H2, H2O, O2, N2 etc.) and helium sampling. Helium purification experiments and testing of materials in simulated HTR conditions will take place in HTHL in the future. Main parameters of the SCWL are 25MPa, max. temperature in the test section 600°C, flow rate max. 200kg/h. SCWL will be used for corrosion tests of candidate materials, studies of water radiolysis at supercritical conditions and for testing of water chemistry suitable for operation. Both loops possess an irradiation channel with quite complicated internals design, whose complexity is imposed by current constraints on constructional materials of nuclear experimental devices, which limit the choice and maximum surface temperature of material of construction to 500°C for austenitic stainless steel. The working temperature will thus be attained only in a restricted volume of the test section. The channel internals will be briefly described. The mentioned loops will represent novel experimental devices, whose objective is to gain and extend knowledge on materials and environment performance under the influence of radiation.
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Cox, Nicholas J. "Speaking Stata: Loops, again and again." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 999–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x20976340.
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Two commands in official Stata, foreach and forvalues, provide structures for looping through lists of values (variable names, numbers, arbitrary text) and repeating commands using members of those lists in turn. These commands may be used interactively, and none is restricted to use in Stata programs. They are explained and compared in some detail with a variety of examples. In addition, a self-contained exposition is given on local macros, understanding of which is needed for use of foreach and forvalues. This column is a revision of the column “How to face lists with fortitude”, which appeared in Stata Journal 2: 202–222 (2002). (The bizarre bibliographical details are too, too extraordinary not to be flagged but were pure happenstance.) The presentation here has been trimmed of now historic content and corrected, improved, and updated in several minor details.
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Reugels, Alexander M., Roman Kurek, Ulrich Lammermann, and Hans Bünemann. "Mega-introns in the Dynein Gene DhDhc7(Y) on the Heterochromatic Y Chromosome Give Rise to the Giant Threads Loops in Primary Spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei." Genetics 154, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.2.759.
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Abstract The heterochromatic Y chromosomes of several Drosophila species harbor a small number of male fertility genes (fertility factors) with several unusual features. Expression of their megabase-sized loci is restricted to primary spermatocytes and correlates with the unfolding of species-specific lampbrush loop-like structures resulting from huge transcripts mainly derived from clusters of loop-specific Y chromosomal satellites. Otherwise, there is evidence from genetic mapping and biochemical experiments that at least two of these loops, Threads in Drosophila hydei and kl-5 in D. melanogaster, colocalize with the genes for the axonemal dynein β heavy chain proteins DhDhc7(Y) and Dhc-Yh3, respectively. Here, we make use of particular Threads mutants with megabase-sized deletions for direct mapping of DhDhc7(Y)-specific exons among the large clusters of satellite DNA within the 5.1-Mb Threads transcription unit. PCR experiments with exon-specific primer pairs, in combination with hybridization experiments with exon- and satellite-specific probes on filters with large PFGE-generated DNA fragments, offer a simple solution for the long-lasting paradox between megabase-sized loops and protein-encoding transcription units; the lampbrush loops Threads and the DhDhc7(Y) gene are one and the same transcription unit, and the giant size of the DhDhc7(Y) gene as well as its appearance as a giant lampbrush loop are merely the result of transcription of huge clusters of satellite DNA within some of its 20 introns.
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De Genst, Erwin, Karen Silence, Mehdi Arbabi Ghahroudi, Klaas Decanniere, Remy Loris, Jörg Kinne, Lode Wyns, and Serge Muyldermans. "Strong in Vivo Maturation Compensates for Structurally Restricted H3 Loops in Antibody Repertoires." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 14 (January 19, 2005): 14114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m413011200.
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Kruth, Karina A., Mimi Fang, Dawne N. Shelton, Ossama Abu-Halawa, Ryan Mahling, Hongxing Yang, Jonathan S. Weissman, et al. "Suppression of B-cell development genes is key to glucocorticoid efficacy in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Blood 129, no. 22 (June 1, 2017): 3000–3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-02-766204.
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Key PointsNext-generation functional genomics identifies B-cell development genes, pathways, and feedback loops that affect dex activity in B-ALL. Suppression of lymphoid-restricted PI3Kδ synergizes with dex in B-ALL by enhancing or restoring regulation of cell-death genes.
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Smith, G. P., and D. J. Ellar. "Mutagenesis of two surface-exposed loops of the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIC δ-endotoxin affects insecticidal specificity." Biochemical Journal 302, no. 2 (September 1, 1994): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3020611.
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Site-directed mutagenesis was used to determine the role of two surface-exposed loops (Gly-317-Phe-320 and Gln-374-Pro-377) in the insecticidal specificity of the Bacillus thuringiensis CryIC delta-endotoxin. Mutant toxins were generated by PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers, and expressed in Escherichia coli. More than 50 mutant toxins were screened for toxicity to the lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line using an in vitro lawn assay. A panel of these mutant toxins, which included toxic and non-toxic variants from both loops, was further screened for activity towards Aedes aegypti larvae. The activity of these mutants to Sf9 cells was quantified more precisely using a cell lysis assay. Three categories of mutants were identified: (1) those non-toxic to either Sf9 cells or Aedes aegypti larvae; (2) those fully toxic to both genera; and (3) those which were only toxic to Sf9 cells. For the first loop, the differential specificity was not restricted to any single residue. In the second loop, two mutant toxins with a Pro-377-->Ala substitution displayed this phenotype. The time dependence of toxicity towards Sf9 cells was examined using the same panel of mutants. All toxic mutants displayed an identical time course to the wild-type toxin, with the exception of the two Pro-377-->Ala mutants of the second loop. These toxins displayed a lower time dependence, no cell death occurring within the first hour of incubation. These results show that the two loops are important determinants of both the activity and specificity of the CryIC delta-endotoxin.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Restricted Loops"
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Li, Xiang, and xiali@cs rmit edu au. "Utilising Restricted For-Loops in Genetic Programming." RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.122751.
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Genetic programming is an approach that utilises the power of evolution to allow computers to evolve programs. While loops are natural components of most programming languages and appear in every reasonably-sized application, they are rarely used in genetic programming. The work is to investigate a number of restricted looping constructs to determine whether any significant benefits can be obtained in genetic programming. Possible benefits include: Solving problems which cannot be solved without loops, evolving smaller sized solutions which can be more easily understood by human programmers and solving existing problems quicker by using fewer evaluations. In this thesis, a number of explicit restricted loop formats were formulated and tested on the Santa Fe ant problem, a modified ant problem, a sorting problem, a visit-every-square problem and a difficult object classification problem. The experimental results showed that these explicit loops can be success fully used in genetic programming. The evolutionary process can decide when, where and how to use them. Runs with these loops tended to generate smaller sized solutions in fewer evaluations. Solutions with loops were found to some problems that could not be solved without loops. The results and analysis of this thesis have established that there are significant benefits in using loops in genetic programming. Restricted loops can avoid the difficulties of evolving consistent programs and the infinite iterations problem. Researchers and other users of genetic programming should not be afraid of loops.
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Govindaswamy, Kirthilakshmi. "An API for adaptive loop scheduling in shared address space architectures." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07082003-122028/restricted/kirthi%5Fthesis.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Restricted Loops"
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Simmons, Keith. Singularities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791546.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 turns to the second main claim of the proposed solution: our semantic predicates are significant everywhere except for certain singularities, where their application breaks down. A particular use of ‘denotes’, for example, is minimally restricted, applying to all denoting expressions except its singularities. Similarly with ‘extension’ and ‘true’. The singularity solution is contrasted with hierarchical solutions: the singularity solution does not stratify the semantic predicates into levels. The chapter identifies two kinds of semantic networks associated with the paradoxes-loops and chains-and prepares the ground for a representation of these semantic networks via certain kinds of trees. The upshot of the chapter is that the extensions of our semantic predicates shift with certain changes of context, but these shifts are kept to a minimum.
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Chapdelaine, Pascale. In Search of Copyright User Remedies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754794.003.0004.
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The chapter looks at the nature of copyright user rights from the perspective of the remedies users may have against copyright holders when they are restricted in their uses of copyright works. Given the almost non-existent obligations of copyright holders to users under copyright statutes, on the basis of which users could assert claims, copyright users need to resort to other bodies of law. This chapter looks at how users may construct claims for restricted uses of copyright works on the basis of a breach of contract, sale of goods law, consumer law, or as a breach of the obligation of good faith, or in tort. It demonstrates the uncertainty and obstacles around how users may assert claims under those various bodies of law. This may explain in part the relatively few cases involving copyright user claims. This account of copyright user remedies reveals another weak strain of copyright user rights.
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Pestieau, Pierre, and Mathieu Lefebvre. Revenue Sources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817055.003.0004.
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This chapter looks at the alternative sources of financing for social protection in Europe. The main source is payroll taxation. Two issues are often raised: that of the regressivity of payroll taxation and that of enlarging a tax base that is increasingly restricted to salaried work. Given that shrinking base, European governments are searching for alternative sources of finance, mainly consumption tax and income tax. In most countries, payroll taxation is an integral part of the social insurance compact, which involves unions and management. To the extent that payroll taxes are perceived as contributions or premiums paid for an insurance service, they are expected to be better accepted than other taxes.
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Cohen, Richard I., ed. Henia Rottenberg and Dina Roginsky (eds.), Sara Levi-Tanai: ḥayim shel yetzirah (Sara Levi-Tanai: A Life of Creation). Tel Aviv: Resling, 2015. 334 pp. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0033.
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This chapter reviews the book Sara Levi-Tanai: hayim shel yetzirah (Sara Levi-Tanai: A Life of Creation) (2015), edited by Henia Rottenberg and Dina Roginsky. Sara Levi-Tanai chronicles the life of Sara Levi-Tanai, a choreographer, actor, writer, composer, and lyricist. It also looks at her contributions in a variety of artistic media (dance, music, literature, and children’s songs). Levi-Tanai was the founder and chief artistic director (1950–1990) of the Inbal Dance Theatre. Her writing was restricted mainly to short stories and lyrics. Among her early works were three novellas. The book explores ethnic and gendered interpretations of Inbal’s choreography as well as Levi-Tanai’s choreographic achievements, It also includes personal encounters with Levi-Tanai.
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Breckenridge, Wylie. Implicit Domain Restriction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199600465.003.0006.
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According to the proposal made in Chapter 4, we use ‘grey’ in ‘The patch looks grey to you’ to refer to a way of looking by quantifying over events. When we quantify it is very common for us to implicitly restrict the domain of things over which we do so. The author proposes that, as an instance of this general phenomenon, we employ implicit domain restriction when we use ‘grey’ to quantify over events in ‘The patch looks grey to you’. The author uses this to explain various phenomena to do with our use of ‘grey’ and other adjectives in ‘look’ sentences.
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Livesey, Steven J. Michael Segre, Higher Education and the Growth of Knowledge. A Historical Outline of Aims and Tensions (New York/London: Routledge, 2015), 197pp. ISBN: 9780415735667. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807025.003.0022.
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This chapter reviews the book Higher Education and the Growth of Knowledge. A Historical Outline of Aims and Tensions (2015), by Michael Segre. Comprised of eleven chapters, Segre’s book presents a historical account of how many closed aspects of the university comprise a ‘superfluous heritage’. Segree does so by drawing on Karl Popper’s The Open Society and its Enemies (1945). Beginning with ancient Near Eastern literate societies, Segre traces the history of education and learning through the European medieval, Renaissance, and early modern universities, Enlightenment technological schools and Humboldtian reform movements. He also looks at contemporary American and European institutions that have expanded their reach worldwide. Along the way, Segre discusses the closures that restricted the growth of knowledge in the Western tradition.
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Jay, Gregory S. Jew Like Me. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687229.003.0004.
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The discourse on racial liberalism at mid-century involved the debate over antisemitism, made more urgent by Hitler’s rise in Germany. Born Jewish but largely assimilated, Hobson protested the complicity of liberals with antisemitism in her post–WW II best seller, which featured a gentile journalist passing for Jewish to write his expose. This novel’s reliance on a discourse of empathy ties it closely back to Stowe’s and looks forward to the philosophy at the heart of Lee’s Mockingbird. Here the protagonist, Philip Greene, passes as a Jew to learn how antisemitism feels. Meanwhile his liberal girlfriend hesitates to rent her cottage in a restricted neighborhood to Philip’s Jewish war buddy. Both protagonists exhibit the limitations of liberalism as they confront systemic as well as emotional biases that threaten their idealism.
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Sterckx, Sigrid, and Kasper Raus. Continuous Sedation at the End of Life. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner and Robert M. Arnold. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.013.7.
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This chapter examines continuous sedation as a way to relieve unbearable suffering in patients at the end of life. After considering consensus and guidelines on continuous sedation, it looks at the debate over terminology and definition. It then discusses the practice of continuous sedation in various countries and how it is performed, along with the importance of patient consent and autonomy in all sedation guidelines. The chapter goes on to analyze some of the commonly invoked justifications for continuous sedation, including the doctrine of double effect, last resort and refractory suffering, autonomy and patient consent, and proportionality. It also reviews contentious issues raised by continuous sedation, such as whether it should be restricted to patients with a very short life expectancy, artificial nutrition and hydration, and existential or psychological suffering.
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König, Thomas, and Michael E. Gorman. The Challenge of Funding Interdisciplinary Research. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.41.
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Public research funding agencies today are required to address proactively interdisciplinary research. “The Challenge of Funding Interdisciplinary Research: A Look Inside Public Research Funding Agencies” looks specifically at two funding agencies—the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the EU European Research Council (ERC)—and how these bodies promote interdisciplinarity, on the one hand, and how they claim to identify it, on the other. Inevitably, this gives the funding agencies some definition power over what interdisciplinary research actually is or should be. At the same time, there are organizational constraints that restrict the funding agencies’ capacity to fully embrace novel ways of interdisciplinary collaboration and investigation.
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Blanche, Rosalind. Life in a Gall. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643106444.
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What are plant galls and how are they caused? This book introduces the Australian native insects that induce galls on plants and the plant species that host them. It explores the ways the insects have adapted to living part of their lives in the confined spaces of galls, and describes the strategies employed by different insect groups to find a suitable site to induce a gall, obtain food, mate and escape the gall.
Life in a Gall also looks at the predators, parasitoids, inquilines, kleptoparasites and micro-organisms that prey on gall-inducing insects and the ways the insects defend themselves from these enemies. It covers the problems gall-inducing insects can cause for agriculture, forestry and horticulture, and gives examples of several pest species. On the positive side, the book describes the essential services gall-inducing insects provide by pollinating figs, controlling invasive weeds and contributing to indigenous food.
The final chapter provides tips for people who want to collect and study galls, and shows that answering many of the questions still surrounding gall-inducing insects is not restricted to professional scientists but can be achieved by diligent amateurs too.
Book chapters on the topic "Restricted Loops"
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Echenim, Mnacho, Radu Iosif, and Nicolas Peltier. "Unifying Decidable Entailments in Separation Logic with Inductive Definitions." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28, 183–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_11.
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AbstractThe entailment problem $$\upvarphi \models \uppsi $$ φ ⊧ ψ in Separation Logic [12, 15], between separated conjunctions of equational ($$x \approx y$$ x ≈ y and $$x \not \approx y$$ x ≉ y ), spatial ($$x \mapsto (y_1,\ldots ,y_\upkappa )$$ x ↦ ( y 1 , … , y κ ) ) and predicate ($$p(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$$ p ( x 1 , … , x n ) ) atoms, interpreted by a finite set of inductive rules, is undecidable in general. Certain restrictions on the set of inductive definitions lead to decidable classes of entailment problems. Currently, there are two such decidable classes, based on two restrictions, called establishment [10, 13, 14] and restrictedness [8], respectively. Both classes are shown to be in $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME by the independent proofs from [14] and [8], respectively, and a many-one reduction of established to restricted entailment problems has been given [8]. In this paper, we strictly generalize the restricted class, by distinguishing the conditions that apply only to the left- ($$\upvarphi $$ φ ) and the right- ($$\uppsi $$ ψ ) hand side of entailments, respectively. We provide a many-one reduction of this generalized class, called safe, to the established class. Together with the reduction of established to restricted entailment problems, this new reduction closes the loop and shows that the three classes of entailment problems (respectively established, restricted and safe) form a single, unified, $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME -complete class.
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Biswas, Debmalya, and Krishnamurthy Vidyasankar. "Optimal Compensation for Hierarchical Web Services Compositions under Restricted Visibility." In Implementation and Integration of Information Systems in the Service Sector, 205–22. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2649-2.ch013.
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Over the years, the notion of transactions has become synonymous with providing fault-tolerance, reliability and robustness to database systems. To extend the same transactional guarantees to new and evolving paradigms, such as Web service, the transactional mechanisms must first be adapted to the distinguishing characteristics of Web services, mainly composability, long-running nature, and privacy and security concerns. Composability refers to the ability to form new composite services by combining the functionalities of existing services. Due to their long-running nature, compensation based mechanisms are usually preferred to provide transactional guarantees for Web services. Compensation requires access (visibility) over the execution details of the services in the composition. However, such visibility may not always be feasible in a compositional context where component services are provided by different providers across organizational boundaries, with very strong privacy and security constraints. This paper looks at compensation options for Web services in a hierarchical composition. Multiple compensation options may be available for a composite service both at the same level and at different levels of the hierarchy. This paper shows how to find an optimal compensation option under restricted visibility.
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Shutes, Isabel. "Controlling migration: the gender implications of work-related conditions in restricting rights to residence and to social benefits1." In Social Policy Review 29. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336211.003.0012.
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This concluding chapter looks at the debate on migration and so-called ‘benefit tourism’ from an explicit gender perspective, an often overlooked aspect in the debate. It examines how the aim of controlling migration led to the introduction of work-related conditions for benefit receipt that have restricted migrants' access to rights of residence and entitlement to social benefits in the UK. The emphasis on a particular relationship of migrants to the labour market privileges the high-income and continuously employed migrant worker, thus reinforcing women's risk of exclusion from access to social rights. Debates on so-called benefit tourism are thus not only misplaced, since access to income-related benefits is highly restricted in relation to work, but that the restrictions on migrants' access to rights and resources have strong gendered effects as regards who is excluded.
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Leerssen, Joep. "Cúchulain in the General Post Office: Gaelic revival, Irish rising." In British Academy Lectures, 2015-16. British Academy, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266045.003.0007.
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This article looks at the importance of the Gaelic language for the development of Irish nationalism in the decades leading up to, and following the Easter Rising of 1916. This importance was mainly symbolical: the Irish language was used mainly by revivalist activists, in a restricted number of functional registers, and largely as an enabling platform of other consciousness-raising activities. It is suggested, however, that such a symbolical instrumentalisation is by no means inconsequential and should be analysed as an important feature of cultural nationalism, not only in Irish history.
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Kušić, Katarina. "Interpretation by Proxy? Interpretive Fieldwork with Local Associates in Areas of Restricted Research Access." In Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention, 199–212. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206883.003.0014.
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This chapter focuses on Katarina Kušić's research on conflict-affected communities in Myanmar. It analyzes travel restrictions for foreigners that are put in place by the host country of the research. It also emphasizes how the help of local associates overcome the physical distance created by a controlling state and provide advantages in terms of cultural closeness between researchers and researched. The chapter discusses the collaborative interpretivist research on conflict as it unfolded in the project “Raising Silent Voices: Harnessing Local Conflict Knowledge for Communities' Protection from Violence in Myanmar,” which addresses the growing difficulties of access in conflict and post-conflict areas. It also looks into the involvement of a Myanmar team in the project that tackles a particular paradox in the “local turn” of intervention scholarship.
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Brody, Robert. "Sa’adyah, Polemicist and Publicist." In Sa'adyah Gaon, 140–59. Liverpool University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113881.003.0008.
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This chapter looks at polemics and the propagation of doctrines that constitute an important area of Sa'adyah Gaon's wide-ranging literary activity. It reviews Sa'adyah's works that were intended primarily as polemics and were not restricted to a single topic, which is often incorporated with a wide range of subjects that contributed to his polemical argument. It also surveys Sa'adyah's debates with members of other religions and his struggles over the leadership of Rabbanite Jewry in Babylonia. The chapter discusses how Christians and Muslims alike believed that God had transmitted the Hebrew Bible to the children of Israel through his prophet Moses, but they also believed that its authority had lapsed long ago. It looks at the concept of a Divine unity in three persons — the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, that surpasses human comprehension.
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Walters, Dale. "Vascular Trouble." In Chocolate Crisis, 108–14. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401674.003.0009.
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This chapter looks at two diseases affecting the vascular system of the cacao tree: vascular streak dieback, caused by the fungus Ceratobasidium theobromae, and wilt disease, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. Both diseases are considered as serious threats to cacao production and their impact has already been considerable and severe. Vascular streak dieback nearly destroyed the cacao industry in Papua New Guinea and is mercifully restricted to Indonesia, Malaysia, and South-East Asia, while Ceratocystis wilt has been reported in several countries in South and Central America, where it has caused substantial crop losses. The chapter examines the research being undertaken to better understand these diseases and how best to tackle them.
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Sorkin, David. "United States." In Jewish Emancipation, 346–53. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164946.003.0028.
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This chapter looks at how the Great Migration from eastern Europe made the United States a center of world Jewry. The Nazis' murder of most of European Jewry magnified that status. While the migrants and their children were citizens, their rights were restricted. Thus, in the period after World War II, American Jewry's civil defense organizations engaged in a concerted emancipation campaign. Jews collaborated with African Americans, Catholics, and other minorities to end inequality. That campaign succeeded: from the 1940s to the 1960s, state and federal civil rights laws, and court rulings prohibiting discrimination, dismantled the structure of inequality. Those events constituted American Jews' second emancipation: it positioned the immigrant's children and grandchildren to realize the promise of American equality.
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Bently, L., B. Sherman, D. Gangjee, and P. Johnson. "8. Infringement." In Intellectual Property Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198769958.003.0008.
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This chapter considers the question of what amounts to copyright infringement, first by discussing ‘primary’ infringement and ‘secondary’ infringement. It then explains the three criteria used to determine whether copyright in a work has been infringed: whether the defendant carried out one of the activities that falls within the copyright owner’s rights; whether there is a causal link between the work used (that is, reproduced, issued, rented, performed, communicated, or adapted) by the defendant and the copyright work; and whether the restricted act has been committed in relation to the work or a substantial part thereof. It also looks at the European approach to finding infringement in relation to authorial works and compares it with the British approach before concluding with a description of non-literal copying of such works.
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Boraud, Thomas. "A Ghost in the Machine." In How the Brain Makes Decisions, 14–22. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824367.003.0002.
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This chapter describes the neurobiological approach of decision-making. Until the late 1980s, ignoring the work of experimental economists and behaviourists, electrophysiologists restricted themselves to the study of sensory and motor function, believing it to be impossible for them to access cognitive processes. In 1989, William Newsome and Anthony Movshon broke the dogma while studying the role of neurons in the medio-temporal area of the cortex (an associative visual area) in the visual discrimination of macaques. They became the first researchers who were able to correlate decision-making with a pattern of electrophysiological activity in neurons. This correlation, which they called psychometric–neurometric pairing, became the backbone of all subsequent studies into the neurobiology of decision-making. The chapter then looks at the development of functional MRI, and presents a normative approach to decision-making and learning.
Conference papers on the topic "Restricted Loops"
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Wijesinghe, Gayan, and Vic Ciesielski. "Using restricted loops in genetic programming for image classification." In 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2007.4425070.
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Sunakoda, Katsuaki, Naoki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nasuno, and Hirohisa Sakurai. "Investigation on the Dynamic Shearing Characteristics of Magnetic Responsive Gel." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-4945.
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Material which would be largely changed its physical properties such as storage modulus and loss modulus under magnetic field has a potential of application on industrial fields. Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid has been widely studied since its viscosity is changed under magnetic field, but it is restricted for application of the industrial fields as it has liquid nature. Authors are proceeding with the development of magnetic responsive gels which contain the magnetic responsive particles in consideration of their prior studies. Three kinds of magnetic gels are selected and dynamic shearing characteristics are examined. Storage modulus and loss modulus are obtained under different dynamic frequencies and different magnetic fluxes. Some physical properties such as storage modulus and loss modulus are largely changed by applying magnetic field. The developed gels have an effect of energy dissipation, judging from hysteresis loops of stress-strain. And these smart materials have a potential of semi active vibration control materials.
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Ordys, A. "Restricted structure control loop performance assessment and benchmarking." In IEE Seminar Control Loop Performance Assessment. IEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20020225.
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Völker, Michael, Taiba Zahid, and Thorsten Schmidt. "A Practical Algorithmic Approach Towards Multi-Modal Resource Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling Problems (MMRCMPSP)." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52178.
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The literature concerning resource constrained project scheduling problems (RCPSP) are mainly based on series or parallel schedule generation schemes with priority sequencing rules to resolve conflicts. Recently, these models have been extended for scheduling multi-modal RCPSP (MMRCPSP) where each activity has multiple possibilities to be performed thus providing decision managers a useful tool for manipulating resources and activities. Nonetheless, this further complicates the scheduling problem inflicted by increase of decision variables. Multiple heuristics have been proposed for this NP-hard problem. The main solution strategy adopted by such heuristics is a two loops decision strategy. Basically the problem is split between two parts where first part is conversion of MMRCPSP to RCPSP (mode fix) while second is finding feasible solution for a resource constrained project and is restricted to single project environments. This research aims on the development of scheduling heuristics, exploring the possibilities of scheduling MMRCPSP with parallel assignment of modes while sequencing the activities. The work addresses Multi-Mode Resource Constrained Multi-Project Scheduling Problem, (MMRCMPSP) by formulating a mathematical model that regards practical requirements of working systems. The algorithm is made intelligent and flexible in order to adopt and shift among various defined heuristic rules under different objectives to function as a decision support tool for managers.
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Rancruel, Diego F., and Michael R. von Spakovsky. "A Decomposition Strategy Applied to the Optimal Synthesis/Design and Operation of an Advanced Fighter Aircraft System: A Comparison With and Without Airframe Degrees of Freedom." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55402.
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A decomposition methodology based on the concept of “thermoeconomic isolation” applied to the synthesis/design and operational optimization of an advanced tactical fighter aircraft is the focus of this research. Conceptual, time, and physical decomposition were used to solve the system-level as well as unit-level optimization problems. The total system was decomposed into five sub-systems as follows: propulsion sub-system (PS), environmental control sub-system (ECS), fuel loop sub-system (FLS), vapor compression and PAO loops sub-system (VC/PAOS), and airframe sub-system (AFS) of which the AFS is a non-energy based sub-system. A number of different configurations for each sub-system were considered. The most promising set of candidate configurations, based on both an energy integration analysis and aerodynamic performance, were developed and detailed thermodynamic, geometric, physical, and aerodynamic models at both design and off-design were formulated and implemented. A decomposition strategy called Iterative Local-Global Optimization (ILGO) developed by Mun˜oz and von Spakovsky (2000b,c) was then applied to the synthesis/design and operational optimization of the advanced tactical fighter aircraft. This decomposition strategy is the first to successfully closely approach the theoretical condition of “thermoeconomic isolation” when applied to highly complex, highly dynamic non-liner systems. This contrasts with past attempts to approach this condition, all of which were applied to very simple systems under very special and restricted conditions such as those requiring linearity in the models and strictly local decision variables. This is a significant advance in decomposition and has now been successfully applied to a number of highly complex and dynamic transportation and stationary systems. This paper presents the detailed results from one such application, which additionally considers a non-energy based sub-system (AFS).
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Lv, Qiuping, Minghui Chen, Xiaodong Sun, Richard Christensen, Thomas Blue, Graydon Yoder, Dane Wilson, and Piyush Sabharwall. "Design of Fluidic Diode for a High-Temperature DRACS Test Facility." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16902.
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The Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System (DRACS) is a passive heat removal system proposed for the Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR) that combines the coated particle fuel and graphite moderator with a liquid fluoride salt as the coolant. The DRACS features three coupled natural circulation/convection loops relying completely on buoyancy as the driving force. A fluidic diode has been proposed in the DRACS primary loop to maintain the passive feature. Fluidic diodes are passive flow control devices with low flow resistance in one direction and high flow resistance in the opposite direction. The fluidic diode is orientated such that during reactor normal operation the primary salt flow in the DRACS is restricted, thus preventing excessive heat loss from the reactor to the DRACS. However, when the DRACS is functioning during reactor accidents, the primary salt flow is in the forward flow direction of the diode that features low flow resistance. To investigate the reliability and thermal performance of the DRACS, a high-temperature DRACS test facility (HTDF) is being designed and constructed at The Ohio State University (OSU). In this HTDF, a conventional vortex diode has been proposed. In this paper, a detailed design process of the vortex diode for the HTDF is presented. Design parameters, such as the desired flow rates in and pressure drops across the fluidic diode, were first determined for both the forward and reverse flow directions, following which was the parametric CFD study of multiple vortex diodes with variant nozzle size, chamber size, and inlet flow rates. Flow structures inside the diode, and the effects of the nozzle size, chamber size, and Reynolds number on the Euler number were examined for both flow directions. Correlations of the forward and reverse Euler numbers and the diodicity were developed and used to develop a vortex diode design that would be applicable to the HTDF.
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Zhang, Guitao, Weihe Xu, and Yong Shi. "Lead Zirconate Titanate Nanotube Composite for Ultrasound Transducer Application." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64980.
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Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZr1−xTixO3, PZT) is a high performance piezoelectric material which is widely used for making ultrasound transducers. However, pure PZT suffered from high acoustic impedance and crosstalk effect, which deteriorate their performances. To solve these problems, people developed micro fiber PZT composite. As restricted by the fabrication method, like dicing, the size of PZT micro fibers are usually on the order of 10s micros. In this paper, we are going to introduce a PZT nanotube composite, in which the size of active material is on the order of nanometers. To fabricate the PZT nanotube composite, we used a template assistant method. First an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was made by two step anodic process. Then PZT nanotube composite was made by wetting the AAO template with PZT sol-gel. Following, top and bottom electrodes were made by silver paste. After fabrication, hysteresis loops were measured to verify the piezoelectricity property of this nanotube composite. Then the impedance of the composite transducer was measured by a network analyzer. Resonant frequency of the transducer was found by the impedance data. This nanotube composite based transducer could theoretically reduce or even eliminate the crosstalk effect, since the diameter of nanotube is much smaller than half wave length of ultrasound. So an improved performance of PZT nanotube composite based ultrasound transducer could be expected.
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Cavallo, Emanuele, Rinaldo C. Michelini, Vladimir F. Filaretov, and Dimitri A. Ukymets. "Path Guidance and Attitude Control of a Vectored Thruster AUV." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58196.
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The study deals with developing small and cheap autonomous underwater vehicles, AUV, entrusted of extended manoeuvrability for surveying and docking missions, with accurate of path tracking and attitude keeping, capable of travelling at low speed, down to proper depth, to carry out the given tasks with proper autonomy and without relevant impact on the surroundings. The to day available AUVs, generally, make use of several propellers, distributed around the body, to achieve the desired mobility with full attitude control. The solution requires the closure of multiple loops between sensors and actuators, highly cross-coupled and dependent on dynamics non-linearity and marine surroundings disturbances. The prospected solution considers a properly shaped vehicle, to grant minimal drag for lowering power consumption. A single rear propeller has in charge propulsion and manoeuvring. The propeller can be oriented around two axes, say, pitch (for heaving) and yaw (for veering); the screw (hydrodynamic) torque is balanced by variable tilt fins, either, by counter-rotating vanes. A three degrees of freedom parallel kinematics robotic wrist provides joint path-and-attitude selection and twist compensation, by driving the propeller assembly through three independent actuations. The build-up makes use of a duct-restricted propeller, with externally driven pitch-and-yaw bending and twist to counteract the screw torque by reactive fins, either, continuous rotation. The balancing wile assures best performance, in the reactive mode, during steady surveying missions, while the local hover or docking is better accomplished by active counter-rotation. The paper discusses the basic design steps by example manoeuvres carried with virtual checks on a digital mock-up.
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Weichert, Stephanie, Ivor Day, and Chris Freeman. "Self-Regulating Casing Treatment for Axial Compressor Stability Enhancement." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46042.
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The operating range of an axial compressor is often restricted by a safety imposed stall margin. One possible way of regaining operating range is with the application of casing treatment. Of particular interest here is the type of casing treatment which extracts air from a high pressure location in the compressor and re-injects it through discrete loops into the rotor tip region. Existing re-circulation systems have the disadvantage of reducing compressor efficiency at design conditions because worked flow is unnecessarily re-circulated at these operating conditions. Re-circulation is really only needed near stall. This paper proposes a self-regulating casing treatment in which the re-circulated flow is minimized at compressor design conditions and maximized near stall. The self-regulating capability is achieved by taking advantage of changes which occur in the tip clearance velocity and pressure fields as the compressor is throttled toward stall. In the proof-of-concept work reported here, flow is extracted from the high pressure region over the rotor tips and re-injected just upstream of the same blade row. Parametric studies are reported in which the flow extraction and re-injection ports are optimized for location, shape and orientation. The optimized design is shown to compare favorably with a circumferential groove tested in the same compressor. The relationship between stall inception type and casing treatment effectiveness is also investigated. The self-regulating aspect of the new design works well: stall margin improvements from 2.2 to 6.0% are achieved for just 0.25% total air re-circulated near stall and half that near design conditions. The self-regulating capability is achieved by the selective location and orientation of the extraction hole; a simple model is discussed which predicts the optimum axial location.
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Vodopianov, V. E. "Probabilistic Gas Path Analysis for Gas Turbine Engine and Its Application." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53498.
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Assessments of performance deterioration and its prediction are of major importance to the gas turbines operation and maintenance. The task called Gas Path Analysis (GPA) deals mainly with diagnostics of faults in the engine flow path (the efficiency and capacity changes of the modules), malfunctions in the engine control loops, changes in power off-takes and air-escapes. This approach is based on comparison of the measured thermodynamic data (temperatures, pressures, shaft speeds etc.) at present with the accepted reference data with a subsequent application of different mathematical methods meant for explanation of the data differences. These methods make use of gas turbines mathematical models, often linear in the form of so called fault matrices, representing the effect of different faults on measured parameters. The use of standard non-linear steady state performance models for investigation of in-service problems is essentially restricted because of the lack and inaccuracy of measured information. Application of such models requires reliable and sufficient information about measured performance parameters of the considered engine to carry out a good identification of the engine internal state. In practice there is usually no such information. Even the heavily instrumented development engines data list is often insufficient for a proper identification. In mathematical terms the gas turbine performance diagnostics is a badly-posed problem, with a high degree of uncertainty. So the low and insufficiently accurate instrumentation of production engines has resulted in a need for creating special diagnostic tools exhibiting a special approach to the task. In contrast to the other linear methods dealing with the GPA problem (known to the author), the proposed approach is based on the probability analysis of fault matrices and not on the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations. That makes it principally different from the other GPA methods using fault matrics. The new method has shown high level of working capacity. The application of the proposed diagnostic approach shown in this paper embraces main problems that may occur in operation. It is the routine estimate of performance deterioration shown by an example of analysis of the long-run test bed data, then it is the sifting of sensor faults and control loop settings changes and at last the diagnostic results themselves. The data used is the real test bed data of two-shaft engines with a very low by-pass ratio.