Academic literature on the topic 'Restricted Consensus'
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Journal articles on the topic "Restricted Consensus"
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Moon, Jucheol, and Oliver Eulenstein. "Synthesizing large-scale species trees using the strict consensus approach." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 15, no. 03 (April 20, 2017): 1740002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720017400029.
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Supertree problems are a standard tool for synthesizing large-scale species trees from a given collection of gene trees under some problem-specific objective. Unfortunately, these problems are typically NP-hard, and often remain so when their instances are restricted to rooted gene trees sampled from the same species. While a class of restricted supertree problems has been effectively addressed by the parameterized strict consensus approach, in practice, most gene trees are unrooted and sampled from different species. Here, we overcome this stringent limitation by describing efficient algorithms that are adopting the strict consensus approach to also handle unrestricted supertree problems. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our algorithms in a comparative study with classic supertree heuristics using simulated and empirical data sets.
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Acevedo-Saenz, Liliana, Federico Perdomo-Celis, Carlos J. Montoya, and Paula A. Velilla. "Polyfunctional CD8+ T-Cell Response to Autologous Peptides from Protease and Reverse Transcriptase of HIV-1 Clade B." Current HIV Research 17, no. 5 (December 4, 2019): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x17666191017105910.
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Background: : The diversity of the HIV proteome influences the cellular response and development of an effective vaccine, particularly due to the generation of viral variants with mutations located within CD8+ T-cell epitopes. These mutations can affect the recognition of the epitopes, that may result in the selection of HIV variants with mutated epitopes (autologous epitopes) and different CD8+ T-cell functional profiles. Objective:: To determine the phenotype and functionality of CD8+ T-cell from HIV-infected Colombian patients in response to autologous and consensus peptides derived from HIV-1 clade B protease and reverse transcriptase (RT). Methods:: By flow cytometry, we compared the ex vivo CD8+ T-cell responses from HIV-infected patients to autologous and consensus peptides derived from HIV-1 clade B protease and RT, restricted by HLA-B*35, HLA-B*44 and HLA-B*51 alleles. Results:: Although autologous peptides restricted by HLA-B*35 and HLA-B*44 did not show any differences compared with consensus peptides, we observed the induction of a higher polyfunctional profile of CD8+ T-cells by autologous peptides restricted by HLA-B*51, particularly by the production of interferon-γ and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. The response by different memory CD8+ T-cell populations was comparable between autologous vs. consensus peptides. In addition, the magnitude of the polyfunctional response induced by the HLA-B*51-restricted QRPLVTIRI autologous epitope correlated with low viremia. Conclusion:: Autologous peptides should be considered for the evaluation of HIV-specific CD8+ Tcell responses and to reveal some relevant epitopes that could be useful for therapeutic strategies aiming to promote polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell responses in a specific population of HIV-infected patients.
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Chen, Kairui, Chuance Yan, Qijun Ren, Xianxian Zeng, and Junwei Wang. "Mean Square Consensus of General Linear Multiagent Systems with Communication Noises under Switching Topologies." Complexity 2022 (August 13, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1337959.
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This paper investigates the distributed consensus problem of general linear multiagent systems (MASs) with communication noises under fixed and Markovian switching topologies, respectively. Each agent can obtain full state of itself and receive its neighbors’ state with noises, where intensities of noises are vector functions of relative states of agents. Bearing in mind the above constrains, a consensus protocol is proposed, where the gain matrix is obtained by the algebraic Riccati equation and the coupling strength is restricted in a given interval. By using the stochastic stability theorem, we show that mean square consensus is achieved in fixed topology case and switching topologies case, respectively. Furthermore, an estimation of the exponential convergence rate of consensus is given explicitly. Finally, simulation examples are given to show the correctness of the proposed results.
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Horiuchi, Masahiro, and Koichi Okita. "Blood Flow Restricted Exercise and Vascular Function." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/543218.
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It is established that regular aerobic training improves vascular function, for example, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and arterial stiffness or compliance and thereby constitutes a preventative measure against cardiovascular disease. In contrast, high-intensity resistance training impairs vascular function, while the influence of moderate-intensity resistance training on vascular function is still controversial. However, aerobic training is insufficient to inhibit loss in muscular strength with advancing age; thus, resistance training is recommended to prevent sarcopenia. Recently, several lines of study have provided compelling data showing that exercise and training with blood flow restriction (BFR) leads to muscle hypertrophy and strength increase. As such, BFR training might be a novel means of overcoming the contradiction between aerobic and high-intensity resistance training. Although it is not enough evidence to obtain consensus about impact of BFR training on vascular function, available evidences suggested that BFR training did not change coagulation factors and arterial compliance though with inconsistence results in endothelial function. This paper is a review of the literature on the impact of BFR exercise and training on vascular function, such as endothelial function, arterial compliance, or other potential factors in comparison with those of aerobic and resistance training.
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Chen, Kairui, Junwei Wang, Yun Zhang, and Zhi Liu. "Second-order consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems with restricted switching topology and time delay." Nonlinear Dynamics 78, no. 2 (June 17, 2014): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1483-1.
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O’Donnell, Kevin, Kevin B. Freedman, and Fotios P. Tjoumakaris. "Rehabilitation Protocols After Isolated Meniscal Repair: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 7 (October 7, 2016): 1687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516667578.
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Background: Current postoperative rehabilitation protocols after isolated meniscal repair vary widely. No consensus exists with regard to the optimal amount of weightbearing, range of motion, or speed at which the patient progresses through the rehabilitation phases. Confounding factors including concomitant ligamentous or cartilaginous injuries have made studying isolated meniscal tears problematic. Purpose: To systematically review and evaluate the influence of range of motion and weightbearing status during the postoperative rehabilitation period after isolated meniscal repair on clinical efficacy and outcome scores. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted. The selection criteria for inclusion were English-language in vivo clinical studies reporting on isolated meniscal repairs utilizing an arthroscopically assisted technique that outlined the postoperative rehabilitation protocol and included at least a 2-year follow-up. Titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed, and data concerning patient demographics, tear type, repair technique, postoperative protocol details, clinical failures, and outcome scores were extracted from the eligible studies. Rehabilitation protocols were divided into “accelerated,” “motion restricted,” “weight restricted,” and “dual restricted” according to the limitations placed on the treatment groups. Results: Fifteen studies, containing 17 different treatment groups, met the inclusion criteria. The 2 accelerated groups, 2 motion-restricted groups, 4 weight-restricted groups, and 9 dual-restricted groups showed similar efficacy in terms of clinical success and postoperative outcome scores. Early range of motion and weightbearing status showed no influence over clinical outcomes. Of the 17 groups, 13 reported a greater than 70% clinical success rate with significant variation in the tear type, fixation technique, and postoperative restrictions. Conclusion: Early range of motion and immediate postoperative weightbearing appear to have no detrimental effect on the chances for clinical success after isolated meniscal repair. Significant variation exists between postoperative protocols, with no current consensus on the ideal parameters for weightbearing and range of motion. Studies reporting outcomes regarding isolated meniscal repair are limited. Future research should include determining the ideal combination of weightbearing and range of motion for specific tear types.
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Altfeld, Marcus, Todd M. Allen, Elizabeth T. Kalife, Nicole Frahm, Marylyn M. Addo, Bianca R. Mothe, Almas Rathod, et al. "The Majority of Currently Circulating Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clade B Viruses Fail To Prime Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses against an Otherwise Immunodominant HLA-A2-Restricted Epitope: Implications for Vaccine Design." Journal of Virology 79, no. 8 (April 15, 2005): 5000–5005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.8.5000-5005.2005.
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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutates to escape immune selection pressure, but there is little evidence of selection mediated through HLA-A2, the dominant class I allele in persons infected with clade B virus. Moreover, HLA-A2-restricted responses are largely absent in the acute phase of infection as the viral load is being reduced, suggesting that circulating viruses may lack immunodominant epitopes targeted through HLA-A2. Here we demonstrate an A2-restricted epitope within Vpr (Vpr59-67) that is targeted by acute-phase HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells, but only in a subset of persons expressing HLA-A2. Individuals in the acute stage of infection with viruses containing the most common current sequence within this epitope (consensus sequence) were unable to mount epitope-specific T-cell responses, whereas subjects infected with the less frequent I60L variant all developed these responses. The I60L variant epitope was a stronger binder to HLA-A2 and was recognized by epitope-specific T cells at lower peptide concentrations than the consensus sequence epitope. These data demonstrate that HLA-A2 is capable of contributing to the acute-phase cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in infected subjects, but that most currently circulating viruses lack a dominant immunogenic epitope presented by this allele, and suggest that immunodominant epitopes restricted by common HLA alleles may be lost as the epidemic matures.
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Davenport, Eddie D., Thomas Syburra, Gary Gray, Rienk Rienks, Dennis Bron, Olivier Manen, Joanna d’Arcy, Norbert J. Guettler, and Edward D. Nicol. "Management of established coronary artery disease in aircrew with previous myocardial infarction or revascularisation." Heart 105, Suppl 1 (November 13, 2018): s31—s37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313055.
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This manuscript focuses on the broad aviation medicine considerations that are required to optimally manage aircrew with established coronary artery disease (CAD) without myocardial infarction (MI) or revascularisation (both pilots and non-pilot aviation professionals). It presents expert consensus opinion and associated recommendations and is part of a series of expert consensus documents covering all aspects of aviation cardiology.Aircrew may present with MI (both ST elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI)) as the initial presenting symptom of obstructive CAD requiring revascularisation. Management of these individuals should be conducted according to published guidelines, ideally with consultation between the cardiologist, surgeon and aviation medical examiner. Return to restricted flight duties is possible in the majority of aircrew; however, they must have normal cardiac function, acceptable residual disease burden and no residual ischaemia. They must also be treated with aggressive cardiac risk factor modification. Aircrew should be restricted to dual pilot operations in non-high-performance aircraft, with return to flying no sooner than 6 months after the event. At minimum, annual follow-up with routine non-invasive cardiac evaluation is recommended.
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Josephs, Tracy M., Emma J. Grant, and Stephanie Gras. "Molecular challenges imposed by MHC-I restricted long epitopes on T cell immunity." Biological Chemistry 398, no. 9 (August 28, 2017): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2016-0305.
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Abstract It has widely been accepted that major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC-I) are limited to binding small peptides of 8–10 residues in length. However, this consensus has recently been challenged with the identification of longer peptides (≥11 residues) that can also elicit cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. Indeed, a growing number of studies demonstrate that these non-canonical epitopes are important targets for the immune system. As long epitopes represent up to 10% of the peptide repertoire bound to MHC-I molecules, here we review their impact on antigen presentation by MHC-I, TCR recognition, and T cell immunity.
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Mei, Xuehui, Zhiyong Yu, Haijun Jiang, and Cheng Hu. "Consensus of high-order feed-forward non-linear systems with low gain and communication constraints." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 4 (July 5, 2018): 1101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218780226.
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In this paper, the consensus problem of high-order multi-agent systems with inherent feed-forward delayed non-linear dynamics is investigated. First, a new kind of aperiodically intermittent communication strategy, which can be regarded as an extension of continuous communication, is proposed. The time-varying delay is considered in the multi-agent systems and the delay is not restricted to less than the communication width. Moreover, in order to reach a consensus, the effect of the feed-forward non-linearity and the time-varying delay is eliminated by designing a low-gain control protocol. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, graph theory and inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions related to the input gain and the communication width are obtained for achieving the consensus. Finally, a simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Restricted Consensus"
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LEHTONEN, Tiia. "Small States – Big Negotiations Decision-Making Rules and Small State Influence in EU Treaty Negotiations." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/11148.
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Defense Date: 27/03/2009Examining Board: Derek Beach (University of Aarhus), Adrienne Héritier (EUI/RSCAS) (Supervisor), Jonas Tallberg (University of Stockholm), Jacques Ziller (University of Pavia, formerly EUI, Law Department)
This study examines the impact of the decision-making rules, procedures and practices of the European Union on the ability of small Member States to influence Treaty negotiation outcomes, and assesses the causality of this influence in Treaty-revision. Within Treatymaking processes, actor influence is here expected to vary according to the institutional preconditions, and small states are presumed to benefit from particular type of decisionmaking rules to the disadvantage of others. The fundamental aim of the study is therefore to investigate the conditions under which small state influence increases in European Union Treaty-negotiations. To explain this puzzle, a distinction is made between two types of Treaty-making processes, those of the Intergovernmental Conferences and the Convention, which allows for subsequent comparisons between the decision-making rules of unanimity and restricted consensus. In order to empirically test the underlying hypotheses, explicit units of observation are chosen from the IGCs of Amsterdam, Nice and 2003-04, and the Convention on the Future of the EU. In-depth comparisons are made between four small Member States – Belgium, Denmark, Finland and Ireland – and their de facto influence is process-traced through three substantial issues of the institutional reform: the composition of the Commission, the extension of qualified majority voting and the reform of Council Presidency. The empirical analysis focuses on both informal and formal levels of decisionmaking dynamics, and a further analytical distinction is made between bargaining and deliberation modes of conflict-resolution. Drawing initially on theories of rational choice institutionalism (RCI) and liberal intergovernmentalism (LI), the unanimity rule as applied in the IGCs is expected to strengthen the formal position of an individual small state by providing, respectively, a veto-right for each negotiator and promoting asymmetric interdependency. The empirical findings confirm the major underlying hypothesis concerning the correlation between the adopted decision-making rules and the small states’ impact on distributional outcomes in the EU Treaty-amending negotiations on the one hand, and the superiority of the unanimity rule for small states on the other. Yet, a couple of additional key success factors – other than can be explained exclusively along the conjectures of RCI or LI schools – are also identified in the study.
Books on the topic "Restricted Consensus"
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Sterckx, Sigrid, and Kasper Raus. Continuous Sedation at the End of Life. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner and Robert M. Arnold. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.013.7.
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This chapter examines continuous sedation as a way to relieve unbearable suffering in patients at the end of life. After considering consensus and guidelines on continuous sedation, it looks at the debate over terminology and definition. It then discusses the practice of continuous sedation in various countries and how it is performed, along with the importance of patient consent and autonomy in all sedation guidelines. The chapter goes on to analyze some of the commonly invoked justifications for continuous sedation, including the doctrine of double effect, last resort and refractory suffering, autonomy and patient consent, and proportionality. It also reviews contentious issues raised by continuous sedation, such as whether it should be restricted to patients with a very short life expectancy, artificial nutrition and hydration, and existential or psychological suffering.
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Zanden, Jan Luiten van, Sarah Carmichael, and Tine De Moor. Capital Women. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847883.001.0001.
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This book argues that the position of women in late medieval and early modern Europe was relatively strong. This, van Zanden, De Moor, and Carmichael argue, is evident from the fact that marriage was usually based on consensus, implying that women had a clear say in their marriage. The authors analyze the medieval roots of this European Marriage Pattern, demonstrating that it was much stronger in northwestern Europe than in the Mediterranean. That women had considerable agency was one of the factors behind the rise of Europe in the centuries before the Industrial Revolution. This had huge consequences for the average age of marriage (which was very high), fertility (which was restricted by the high age of marriage), human capital formation (resulting in high levels of numeracy and literacy), and labor-force participation by women. However, the authors also explore the negative effects of the European Marriage Pattern, such as the greater vulnerability of these relatively small families, and the large group of single women, subject to external shocks particularly in old age. Special institutions emerged, such as the beguinages, to cope with these pressures. Finally, by comparing these European households with household patterns in the rest of Eurasia, this book puts the European Marriage Pattern into global perspective.
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Peteet, John R., Mary Lynn Dell, and Wai Lun Alan Fung. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0001.
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Historical tensions between psychiatry and religion continue to hinder dialogue and restrict consensus on how to approach areas of overlap in clinical decision making. In Part One, contributors to this volume discuss concerns arising in the general areas of values, religious and psychiatric ethics, diagnosis and treatment, and the work of religious professionals and ethics committees. In Part Two, chapter authors consider these issues as they arise within various subspecialties of psychiatric practice, often using the Jonsen Four Topics (or Four Quadrants) Model. The theme of the relationship between religion and culture runs throughout and is addressed more directly than in the Outline for Cultural Formulation in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
Book chapters on the topic "Restricted Consensus"
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Hagit, Attiya, and Avidor Zvi. "Wait-Free n-Set Consensus When Inputs Are Restricted." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 326–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36108-1_22.
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Afek, Yehuda, and Eran Shalom. "Less Is More: Consensus Gaps Between Restricted and Unrestricted Objects." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 209–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11864219_15.
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van Karnebeek, Clara D. M., Sylvia Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Sravan Jaggumantri, Birgit Assmann, Peter Baxter, Daniela Buhas, Levinus A. Bok, et al. "Lysine-Restricted Diet as Adjunct Therapy for Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy: The PDE Consortium Consensus Recommendations." In JIMD Reports, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2014_296.
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Delporte-Gallet, Carole, Hugues Fauconnier, and Michel Raynal. "Participant-Restricted Consensus in Asynchronous Crash-Prone Read/Write Systems and Its Weakest Failure Detector." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 419–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25636-4_33.
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Schroeder, Werner. "The Rule of Law As a Value in the Sense of Article 2 TEU: What Does It Mean and Imply?" In Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States, 105–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_5.
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AbstractThe rule of law is a value on which the European Union is founded, and which shall be respected and observed by its Member States. This value is not merely an ethical standard but a binding legal principle that is applicable to legal disputes under Union law. The treaties, however, do not provide a definition of this principle. From a Union law perspective, it is therefore indispensable to determine the rule of law more precisely; not only is it referred to in treaty law (Article 2 TEU), but understood by Union courts as a constitutional meta-principle that informs other constitutional norms and may justify review proceedings and sanctions against Member States. The Commission Framework to strengthen the Rule of Law of 2014 does not suffice to shape a ‘Union rule of law’. It relies primarily on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Yet, this judicial concept of the rule of law is somehow restricted as it focuses almost exclusively on the role of the judicial branch in the Union’s constitutional system. Common European constitutional traditions, however, show that the core concern of the rule of law is the containment of public authority by institutional arrangements. In view of these traditions and the practice of the Union institutions, including the CJEU, consensus at the Union level might be achieved on the fact that the rule of law comprises not only strictly formal standards, but also material criteria of justice related to the juridical shaping of decision-making processes. These elements of the rule of law are intrinsically linked to fundamental rights and shall ensure that within the scope of Union law any public power is exercised in a non-arbitrary and legitimate way. To this end, the Union rule of law may not only be understood as a formal set of objective norms, but as ensuring the protection of individual rights as well.
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Narang, Vipin. "The Varieties of Hedgers." In Seeking the Bomb, 53–126. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172613.003.0003.
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This chapter notes the varieties of hedgers. Hedging is a vital proliferation strategy wherein it purposely keeps a bomb option open without fully exercising it. Moreover, the varieties of hedging differ either in technical temptation, allied abandonment, or internal consensus for a bomb. Hedging strategies are usually adopted by states with low demand for nuclear weapons. Thus, interest in nuclear weapons is restricted to the fringes of the domestic political arena. Sweden, Switzerland, Brazil, and Argentina use hedging to shift their answers on nuclear weapons, while countries like India shifted to active proliferation. Then, Japan and Germany refuse to definitively reveal the option of nuclear weapons in the future.
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Berryman, Sylvia. "The Case against a Naturalist Reading." In Aristotle on the Sources of the Ethical Life, 102–27. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835004.003.0006.
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Several features of the ethical works actively militate against an Archimedean naturalist reading, including the non-instrumental value placed on the virtues, the non-deductive nature of practical reasoning and the absence of a blueprint for living well. This chapter reaffirms the consensus that Aristotle’s account of practical reasoning is not restricted to means-end reasoning, against a recent critique, and suggest that the contemporary particularist reading of Aristotle may be overstated if it is taken to suggest that all considerations may change valency. Having set aside the reading of Aristotle as an Archimedean naturalist, the chapter turns to the reconstruction of his positive account of the sources of normativity.
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White, John. "Migration in an Age of Ideological Confrontation: God’s Own Country (Francis Lee, 2017)." In British Cinema and a Divided Nation, 172–88. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481021.003.0011.
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Is there a new approach to realism beyond a social-realist aesthetic? Director, Francis Lee, is clear about his obsession with naturalistic detail and the cinematography is distinctively tight and restricted. Does this film modify social realism in order to take account of contemporary contexts; or does it compromise the necessity of conflict in an inevitably fruitless search for consensus? How are the central issues of sexuality and migration resolved? The rise of nationalism across Europe and the political divisions arising in the UK after the Brexit referendum have create space for xenophobia and homophobia to develop. This film places both of these axes of social division on the screen. Issues are placed within the contexts of global capital and economics as well as the rise of the Right across Europe.
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Chander, Bhanu. "Blockchain Technology Integration in IoT and Applications." In Research Anthology on Convergence of Blockchain, Internet of Things, and Security, 895–918. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7132-6.ch049.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) pictures an entire connected world, where things or devices are proficient to exchange a few measured data words and interrelate with additional things. This turns for a feasible digital demonstration of the existent world. Nonetheless, nearly all IoT things are simple to mistreat or compromise. Moreover, IoT devices are restricted in computation, power, and storage, so they are more vulnerable to bugs and attacks than endpoint devices like smartphones, tablets, and computers. Blockchain has remarkable interest from academics and industry because of its salient features including reduced dependencies on third parties, cryptographic security, immutability, decentralized nature, distributed nature, and anonymity. In the current scenario, blockchain with its features provides an anonymous framework for IoT. This chapter produces comprehensive knowledge of IoTs, Blockchain knowledge, security issues, Blockchain integration with IoT (BIoT), consensus, mining, message validation mechanisms, challenges, a solution, and future directions.
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Chander, Bhanu. "Blockchain Technology Integration in IoT and Applications." In Security and Privacy Issues in Sensor Networks and IoT, 231–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0373-7.ch010.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) pictures an entire connected world, where things or devices are proficient to exchange a few measured data words and interrelate with additional things. This turns for a feasible digital demonstration of the existent world. Nonetheless, nearly all IoT things are simple to mistreat or compromise. Moreover, IoT devices are restricted in computation, power, and storage, so they are more vulnerable to bugs and attacks than endpoint devices like smartphones, tablets, and computers. Blockchain has remarkable interest from academics and industry because of its salient features including reduced dependencies on third parties, cryptographic security, immutability, decentralized nature, distributed nature, and anonymity. In the current scenario, blockchain with its features provides an anonymous framework for IoT. This chapter produces comprehensive knowledge of IoTs, Blockchain knowledge, security issues, Blockchain integration with IoT (BIoT), consensus, mining, message validation mechanisms, challenges, a solution, and future directions.
Conference papers on the topic "Restricted Consensus"
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Ao, Dun, Xueli Wang, and Xueli Wang. "H∞ consensus for multi-agent systems with restricted frequency-domain specifications." In 2018 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2018.8407786.
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Junwei, Wang, Chen Kairui, Zhang Yun, and Liang Zhipeng. "Consensus seeking in second-order multi-agent systems with restricted switching topology." In 2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2015.7260797.
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Swift, Stephen, Allan Tucker, Jason Crampton, and David Garway-Heath. "An improved restricted growth function genetic algorithm for the consensus clustering of retinal nerve fibre data." In the 9th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1276958.1277376.
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Gu, Wen. "Automated Facilitation Support in Online Forum." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/674.
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Online forum that gathers participants together to solve the common issues that they are facing is considered as a promising application of utilizing collective intelligence to solve complicated real-world problems. To facilitate the discussions in online forum to proceed smoothly and to build consensus efficiently, human facilitators are introduced into the system. With the increasing sophistication of online forum, human facilitators related problems such as human bias and restricted scale become critical. Therefore, it is critical to explore approaches to support human facilitators in conducting facilitation. However, most of the existing facilitation support techniques only support predefined facilitation tasks that could be defined by static rules. In this research, we aim to explore potential solutions for supporting the human facilitators to conduct facilitation in online forum. As the first step, we have proposed a case-based reasoning (CBR)-based framework that targets support facilitation by utilizing past successful facilitation experience. Currently, our work is focusing on the specific facilitation task of detecting influential user in the online forum. In the future work, we are planning to propose approaches of solving other specific facilitation tasks such as measuring the level of agreement and encouraging participants to reach a consensus.
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van Velzen, Leo, L. Teunckens, V. Daniska, M. Vasko, E. Hajkova, and I. Matejovic. "European Radiation Survey and Site Execution Manual (EURSSEM)." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16176.
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Within the framework of the “Co-ordination Network on Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations Project (2005–2008)” funded by the European Community a first edition of EURSSEM has been developed to promote common understanding of key issues in the development of a strategy, implementation and execution of a programme to remediate radioactively contaminated sites. The objective of EURSSEM is to describe and provide a consistent consensus information and guidance on strategy, planning, implementation and execution of stakeholder involvement, performing, and assessing radiological soil surface and groundwater (final) status surveys to meet established dose- or risk-based release criteria, and/or remediation, restoration, reuse and stewardship objectives, while at the same time encouraging effective use of human, raw material and financial resources. To be able to provide a consistent guidance and leading practices to involved participants (stakeholders) in a remediation programme for radioactively contaminated sites, an extensive literature study has been performed to collect important documents that have been produced in this field by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the SAFEGROUNDS Learning Network, Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) and other national and international institutes. EURSSEM incorporates information provided in those and other documents to conduct all actions at radioactively contaminated and potentially radioactively contaminated sites and/or groundwater up to their release for restricted or unrestricted (re)use. Brief descriptions are provided about the background and the need for a document like EURSSEM, about key issues like stakeholder involvement and archiving for future referencing including the follow-up of the further development of EURSSEM.
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Galson, D. A., and A. Khursheed. "The Treatment of Uncertainty in Performance Assessment and Safety Case Development." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7329.
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This paper presents the results of a review of the treatment of uncertainty in performance assessment (PA) and safety-case development, carried out as part of the European Commission (EC) project PAMINA (Performance Assessment Methodologies IN Application to Guide the Development of the Safety Case). Information on the treatment of uncertainties was gathered from PAMINA participants and several other organisations using a questionnaire, and via a limited wider review of the literature. The questionnaire responses obtained represent 16 disposal programmes in 13 countries, including all of the countries with advanced programmes to implement deep geological disposal, allowing the review to give wide coverage of global activity. A two-day workshop was held in Brussels in March 2007, in which PAMINA participants reviewed an initial document which summarised the questionnaire results. Work plans were formulated for the remainder of the PAMINA programme. The 16 programmes represented are at diverse phases of maturity: four are at the conceptual development or feasibility stage, seven are at the site selection or site characterisation stage, two are at the licensing stage, one is at the construction stage, one has an operational repository, and one is at the decommissioning/closure stage. There is also wide variation in the development of regulations concerning the treatment of uncertainty for deep geological disposal of radioactive waste, with several countries having no specific regulations. The review indicates that there is a high level of consensus with respect to the nature of uncertainties in PAs and how they should be classified, although this is sometimes masked by variations in terminology and differences in the way uncertainties are treated in programmes. A system of classification is set out in this review, with reference to the nature of uncertainties. The review discusses how the principal classes of uncertainty are treated in PAs and safety cases. While nearly all programmes treat parameter and scenario uncertainties, some do not treat conceptual model uncertainties explicitly. Respondents expressed familiarity with sensitivity-analysis techniques, and clearly understand the difference between these and uncertainty analysis. It is less clear how widespread the use of sensitivity analysis is, especially formal mathematical schemes. Almost no organisations identified uncertainties that may challenge programmes, suggesting a high level of confidence in their ability to site and design deep geological disposal facilities so as to manage uncertainties effectively. However, respondents variously identified the engineered barrier system, the geosphere, the biosphere, and future human intrusion as key sources of uncertainty that require further investigation. Responses on the issue of communicating uncertainties were patchy: some respondents professed to have little experience in this area, whereas others chose not to answer the question. Some restricted themselves to discussing communication with regulators. Only a few programmes have gone as far as commissioning research into different approaches to communicating uncertainty to a variety of stakeholders.
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Sivarama Iyer, Dileep, and Nikhil Chandran Pillai. "Advanced Models for Fatigue Life Estimation of Combustor Components for Gas Turbine Application." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2380.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Modern day combustors operate at very high temperatures which are close to combustor material softening temperatures. At the same time, to meet stringent emission legislations there is a strong drive to improve upon the rich burn combustor technology or shift to advanced lean burn combustor technologies. One of the key driver to improve emission is to save the cooling air budget and use the saved air for primary combustion but this approach would require more advanced and efficient cooling techniques. Fan shaped effusion cooling technology is a very promising technique as it offers high film cooling effectiveness. However, complex cooling features associated with this technology can lead to higher stress concertation and localized triaxial stress state. This stressstrain field in combination with a typical gas turbine engine operating cycle makes such effusion holes highly vulnerable to the thermo-mechanical fatigue failure. Hence to ensure the safety and reliability of combustor liners with such innovative features, it is essential to have thorough understanding of the stress-strain field in the vicinity and accurate prediction of life to first crack. The biggest challenge the designers and engineers face while predicting the initiation life of a structure is selecting the appropriate fatigue damage model for an application. This is due to following reasons: (a) The scatter in fatigue life predicted using different models and experimental values are very huge (b) There is no general universal method which can predict the multiaxial fatigue life accurately for all the materials and loading conditions (c) No general consensus exits among the researchers on which model have to be used for a particular application, material, loading and geometry (d) Application level studies are seldom available on this subject, most of the studies are restricted to laboratory level specimens with very limited implications to industry. Ideally, the fatigue damage model which has to be used for a particular application has to be validated through experiments. To meet this objective, several test specimens featuring novel fan shaped hole geometries were mass-produced using state of the art laser drilling technology. All these specimens were subjected to strain controlled isothermal low cycle fatigue test and the cycles to crack initiation was monitored using potential drop method. Six different multiaxial fatigue damage models (which can be used in low cycle fatigue regime) viz. Walker model, Smith Watson and Topper model (SWT), Fatemi Socie model (FS), Wang and Brown model (WB), Shang model (SW) and Xu model were selected and the life estimated by these models were compared with the experimental values. From the study it is observed that Xu model in which the damage parameter is built using the concept of shear strain energy looks most promising for this application.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. "Competition Into Brazilian and North American Freight Rail Systems: A Comparative Regulatory Assessment." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6138.
Full textAbstract:
Competition is the driving force of any economic system, as it creates a challenging environment for service suppliers to provide affordable and reliable services to customers. Rail systems are an important element of the logistic chain, as they provide a unique service category (generally transporting large volumes at low unit costs) to shippers that otherwise would not be serviced by other modes — the so called captive shippers. In this scenario, competition is essential to guarantee the required service levels (availability and reliability), followed by competitive rates, which ultimately may influence shippers’ business competitiveness, both regionally and globally. Brazil and some North American countries (Canada, Mexico and United States), have a common feature, i.e. continental territories allied with the economic exploitation of bulky activities (industrial, mineral and agricultural), and, hence, depend strongly on heavy haul rail systems. These countries have been performing a continuous effort on improving competition practices into their rail systems, which are translated into important, and sometimes controversial, regulatory measures. These initiatives require a tenuous equilibrium, as they are supposed to provide the required competitive service at affordable rates for shippers, as well as a sustainable (financial and operational) environment to rail carriers, to guarantee the required return on long term investments and avoid compromising medium and long term rail network efficiency. This challenging task for rail market stakeholders (rail carriers, shippers and regulators) is far from a consensus. Rail companies claim that, as a capital intensive sector, governmental regulatory intervention into the rail system may inhibit their ability to invest the required funds to provide and expand rail capacity, as well as the maintenance of the required safety levels. Shippers, on the other hand, state that rail systems operate within a strong market concentration (originally formatted or due to subsequent merges and acquisitions) that give some rail carriers a disproportionate market power, that resembles a monopoly, which ultimately leaves a significant contingent of the so called captive shippers with just one freight rail carrier option, sometimes subjected to excessive rates, and, in some special instances (into offer restricted rail markets, for example), are responsible for the unavailability of rail services into the required volumes. In this context, there is currently a controversial debate regarding the effectiveness of competitive regulatory remedies into freight rail systems. This debate includes both market oriented rail systems (Canadian and U.S.), as well as rail contractual granted ones (Brazilian and Mexican). In the formers, the systems are mostly owned and operated by the private sector, and inter and intra modal options may theoretically provide the required competition level, while in the latter, rail systems have been broken into separate pieces and granted to the private sector under a concession arrangement, followed by an exclusive right to serve their territories, with trackage rights provisions, to be exerted by third parties, under previously defined circumstances and subjected to contractual agreements among rail operators. In both systems, competitive regulatory actions may be desirable and effective, as far as they may address the technical-operational-economic boundary conditions of each particular rail system. This work is supposed to present, into a review format, sourced from an extensive research into available international technical literature, and gathered as a unique document, an overview of the Brazilian and North American freight rail competition scenario, followed by a technical and unbiased effectiveness’ assessment of current (existing) and proposed competitive regulatory freight rail initiatives into Brazil, Canada, Mexico and United States, highlighting their strengths and eventually their weaknesses.
Reports on the topic "Restricted Consensus"
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Baszler, Timothy, Igor Savitsky, Christopher Davies, Lauren Staska, and Varda Shkap. Identification of bovine Neospora caninum cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes for development of peptide-based vaccine. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695592.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the one-year feasibility study was to identify specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes to Neosporacaninum in the natural bovine host in order to make progress toward developing an effective peptide-based vaccine against bovine neosporosis. We tested the hypothesis that: N. caninum SRS2 peptides contain immunogenicCTLepitope clusters cross-presented by multiple bovine MHC-I and MHC-IIhaplotypes. The specific objectives were: (1) Map bovine CTLepitopes of N. caninum NcSRS-2 and identify consensus MHC-I and class-II binding motifs; and (2) Determine if subunit immunization with peptides containing N. caninum-specificCTLepitopes cross-reactive to multiple bovine MHChaplotypes induces a CTL response in cattle with disparate MHChaplotypes. Neosporosis is a major cause of infectious abortion and congenital disease in cattle, persisting in cattle herds via vertical transmission.5 N. caninum abortions are reported in Israel; a serological survey of 52 Israeli dairy herds with reported abortions indicated a 31% infection rate in cows and 16% infection rate in aborted fetuses.9,14 Broad economic loss due to bovine neosporosis is estimated at $35,000,000 per year in California, USA, and $100,000,000 (Australian) per year in Australia and New Zealand.13 Per herd losses in a Canadian herd of 50 cattle are estimated more conservatively at $2,305 (Canadian) annually.4 Up to date practical measures to reduce losses from neosporosis in cattle have not been achieved. There is no chemotherapy available and, although progress has been made toward understanding immunity to Neospora infections, no efficacious vaccine is available to limit outbreaks or prevent abortions. Vaccine development to prevent N. caninum abortion and congenital infection remains a high research priority. To this end, our research group has over the past decade: 1) Identified the importance of T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity, particularly IFN-γ responses, as necessary for immune protection to congenital neosporosis in mice,1,2,10,11 and 2) Identified MHC class II restricted CD4+ CTL in Neosporainfected Holstein cattle,16 and 3) Identified NcSRS2 as a highly conserved surface protein associated with immunity to Neospora infections in mice and cattle.7,8,15 In this BARD-funded 12 month feasibility study, we continued our study of Neospora immunity in cattle and successfully completed T-lymphocyte epitope mapping of NcSRS2 surface protein with peptides and bovine immune cells,15 fulfilling objective 1. We also documented the importance of immune responses NcSRS2 by showing that immunization with native NcSRS2 reduces congenital Neospora transmission in mice,7 and that antibodies to NcSRS2 specifically inhibition invasion of placental trophoblasts.8 Most importantly we showed that T-lymphocyte responses similar to parasite infection, namely induction of activated IFN-γ secreting Tlymphocytes, could be induced by subunit immunization with NcSRS2 peptides containing the Neospora-specificCTLepitopes (Baszler et al, In preparation) fulfilling objective 2. Both DNA and peptide-based subunit approaches were tested. Only lipopeptide-based NcSRS2 subunits, modified with N-terminal linked palmitic acid to enhance Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 (TLR2-TLR1), stimulated robust antigen-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ secretion, and serum antibody production across different MHC-IIhaplotypes. The discovery of MHC-II cross-reactive T-cellinducing parasite peptides capable of inducing a potentially protective immune response following subunit immunization in cattle is of significant practical importance to vaccine development to bovine neosporosis. In addition, our findings are more widely applicable in future investigations of protective T-cell, subunit-based immunity against other infectious diseases in outbred cattle populations.