Relevant bibliographies by topics / Restricted and rare

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Restricted and rare'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Restricted and rare"

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Rodrigo, Juan P., Jose A. Fernandez, Juan C. Alvarez, Justo Gómez, and Carlos Suárez. "Castleman's disease restricted to the infratemporal fossa." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 9 (September 1996): 896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100135285.

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AbstractGiant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease) is usually reported as a solitary mediastinal tumour, although involvement of other anatomical sites and a multicentric form have been reported. We describe a rare case of Castleman's disease due to its localisation (the left infratemporal fossa) and histology (plasma-cell variant). A brief review of the main clinico-histological characteristics of Castleman's disease is also presented.
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MacDougall, A. S., and J. A. Loo. "Predicting occurrences of geographically restricted rare floral elements with qualitative habitat data." Environmental Reviews 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a02-005.

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Habitat-directed survey methods are often used for locating narrowly distributed rare species and communities across landscapes, though their predictive accuracy varies, depending on the element targeted and the type of data employed. We discuss habitat-directed surveys for rare floral elements in the context of landscape-level management planning, focusing in particular upon a case study from southern New Brunswick. Databases of rare species and community occurrences are important requisites for such planning, but existing information is usually deficient and expensive to develop. A habitat-based approach directs surveys to sites with a higher-than-random probability of hosting rare elements and avoids areas deemed unlikely to be of interest due to environment or disturbance factors. We describe a four-part survey procedure that uses readily available qualitative habitat descriptions and geographic information systems (GIS) based land resource data to identify sites potentially hosting rare biota. The procedure includes remote-sensed and on-site screening to confirm significance and collect ancillary data needed for conservation planning. The use of existing data is cost and time efficient, a necessity given often narrow planning windows and restricted budgets. The method described here is well suited to geographically restricted plant biota associated with distinct habitats, especially in unsurveyed or highly fragmented landscapes. However, the approach does not apply to species of wide-ranging and environmentally heterogeneous habitats. As well, by targeting only highly specific locations assumed to be "optimal" habitat, the occurrence of rare biota in other areas cannot be definitively determined and some sites will almost certainly be missed. The limitations of the procedure highlight the need for multifaceted biodiversity assessment over large areas.Key words: ecosystem management, rare species, gap analysis, habitat-directed biodiversity survey, reserve network, New Brunswick.
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Zeng, Ping, and Ting Wang. "Bootstrap Restricted Likelihood Ratio Test for the Detection of Rare Variants." Current Genomics 16, no. 3 (April 9, 2015): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202916666150304234203.

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Liu, G. K., H. Z. Zhuang, and X. Y. Chen. "Restricted Phonon Relaxation and Anomalous Thermalization of Rare Earth Ions in Nanocrystals." Nano Letters 2, no. 5 (May 2002): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0255303.

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Woodruff, Matthew Charles, Eui Ho Kim, Wei Luo, and Bali Pulendran. "B Cell Competition for Restricted T Cell Help Suppresses Rare-Epitope Responses." Cell Reports 25, no. 2 (October 2018): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.029.

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Rutherford, Susan, Marlien van der Merwe, Peter G. Wilson, Robert M. Kooyman, and Maurizio Rossetto. "Managing the risk of genetic swamping of a rare and restricted tree." Conservation Genetics 20, no. 5 (June 7, 2019): 1113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01201-4.

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Labh, RK, and AK Sharma. "Ptosis: a rare presentation of ocular cysticercosis." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 5, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7842.

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Background: Cysticercosis is a common parasitic infection involving multiple systems and caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of the cestode, Taenia solium. The humans become infected by ingesting its eggs from contaminated food. Here, we present a case of ocular cysticercosis which presented with mild pain, ptosis, inflammation of upper eyelid and slightly restricted ocular motility. Case: A twelve-year-old girl presented with mild pain, unilateral ptosis and inflammation of the right upper eyelid for seven months. There was no history of diurnal variation and trauma. There was neither protrusion of the eyeball nor any mass was palpable in periorbital area. Visual acuity in both the eyes was normal. Periocular and ocular examination revealed a slightly restricted ocular motility in the right upward gaze and a reduced vertical fissure height a with good levator palpebrae function. The Bell’s phenomenon was good. The magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit showed an intra-conal retro-orbital mass involving the superior rectus muscle of the right eye suggestive of ocular cysticercosis. The orbital sonogram revealed a cystic lesion in the superior rectus muscle with an echogenic intramural nodule. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum antibodies against the cysticercus was positive. The ptosis improved with a therapeutic trial of albendazole and oral steroids for 6 weeks. Conclusion: Extra-ocular cysticercosis can be treated with oral steroid and albendazole. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):133-135 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7842
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Lunge, Snehal, Pradeep Mahajan, Neeta Gokhale, and Renny Pinto. "Unusal presentation of granuloma annulare restricted over the palms: a rare case presentation." Our Dermatology Online 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2014): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20141.10.

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Meltzer, R. S., K. W. Jang, K. S. Hong, Y. Sun, and S. P. Feofilov. "Optical dephasing of rare earth ions in mixed crystalline and size-restricted systems." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 250, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(96)02523-6.

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SEVERNS, PAUL M. "Habitat restoration facilitates an ecological trap for a locally rare, wetland-restricted butterfly." Insect Conservation and Diversity 4, no. 3 (November 11, 2010): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00120.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Restricted and rare"

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Mugodo, James, and n/a. "Plant species rarity and data restriction influence the prediction success of species distribution models." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050530.112801.

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There is a growing need for accurate distribution data for both common and rare plant species for conservation planning and ecological research purposes. A database of more than 500 observations for nine tree species with different ecological and geographical distributions and a range of frequencies of occurrence in south-eastern New South Wales (Australia) was used to compare the predictive performance of logistic regression models, generalised additive models (GAMs) and classification tree models (CTMs) using different data restriction regimes and several model-building strategies. Environmental variables (mean annual rainfall, mean summer rainfall, mean winter rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean maximum summer temperature, mean minimum winter temperature, mean daily radiation, mean daily summer radiation, mean daily June radiation, lithology and topography) were used to model the distribution of each of the plant species in the study area. Model predictive performance was measured as the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot. The initial predictive performance of logistic regression models and generalised additive models (GAMs) using unrestricted, temperature restricted, major gradient restricted and climatic domain restricted data gave results that were contrary to current practice in species distribution modelling. Although climatic domain restriction has been used in other studies, it was found to produce models that had the lowest predictive performance. The performance of domain restricted models was significantly (p = 0.007) inferior to the performance of major gradient restricted models when the predictions of the models were confined to the climatic domain of the species. Furthermore, the effect of data restriction on model predictive performance was found to depend on the species as shown by a significant interaction between species and data restriction treatment (p = 0.013). As found in other studies however, the predictive performance of GAM was significantly (p = 0.003) better than that of logistic regression. The superiority of GAM over logistic regression was unaffected by different data restriction regimes and was not significantly different within species. The logistic regression models used in the initial performance comparisons were based on models developed using the forward selection procedure in a rigorous-fitting model-building framework that was designed to produce parsimonious models. The rigorous-fitting modelbuilding framework involved testing for the significant reduction in model deviance (p = 0.05) and significance of the parameter estimates (p = 0.05). The size of the parameter estimates and their standard errors were inspected because large estimates and/or standard errors are an indication of model degradation from overfilling or effecls such as mullicollinearily. For additional variables to be included in a model, they had to contribule significantly (p = 0.025) to the model prediclive performance. An attempt to improve the performance of species distribution models using logistic regression models in a rigorousfitting model-building framework, the backward elimination procedure was employed for model selection, bul it yielded models with reduced performance. A liberal-filling model-building framework that used significant model deviance reduction at p = 0.05 (low significance models) and 0.00001 (high significance models) levels as the major criterion for variable selection was employed for the development of logistic regression models using the forward selection and backward elimination procedures. Liberal filling yielded models that had a significantly greater predictive performance than the rigorous-fitting logistic regression models (p = 0.0006). The predictive performance of the former models was comparable to that of GAM and classification tree models (CTMs). The low significance liberal-filling models had a much larger number of variables than the high significance liberal-fitting models, but with no significant increase in predictive performance. To develop liberal-filling CTMs, the tree shrinking program in S-PLUS was used to produce a number of trees of differenl sizes (subtrees) by optimally reducing the size of a full CTM for a given species. The 10-fold cross-validated model deviance for the subtrees was plotted against the size of the subtree as a means of selecting an appropriate tree size. In contrast to liberal-fitting logistic regression, liberal-fitting CTMs had poor predictive performance. Species geographical range and species prevalence within the study area were used to categorise the tree species into different distributional forms. These were then used, to compare the effect of plant species rarity on the predictive performance of logistic regression models, GAMs and CTMs. The distributional forms included restricted and rare (RR) species (Eucalyptus paliformis and Eucalyptus kybeanensis), restricted and common (RC) species (Eucalyptus delegatensis, Eucryphia moorei and Eucalyptus fraxinoides), widespread and rare (WR) species (Eucalyptus data) and widespread and common (WC) species (Eucalyptus sieberi, Eucalyptus pauciflora and Eucalyptus fastigata). There were significant differences (p = 0.076) in predictive performance among the distributional forms for the logistic regression and GAM. The predictive performance for the WR distributional form was significantly lower than the performance for the other plant species distributional forms. The predictive performance for the RC and RR distributional forms was significantly greater than the performance for the WC distributional form. The trend in model predictive performance among plant species distributional forms was similar for CTMs except that the CTMs had poor predictive performance for the RR distributional form. This study shows the importance of data restriction to model predictive performance with major gradient data restriction being recommended for consistently high performance. Given the appropriate model selection strategy, logistic regression, GAM and CTM have similar predictive performance. Logistic regression requires a high significance liberal-fitting strategy to both maximise its predictive performance and to select a relatively small model that could be useful for framing future ecological hypotheses about the distribution of individual plant species. The results for the modelling of plant species for conservation purposes were encouraging since logistic regression and GAM performed well for the restricted and rare species, which are usually of greater conservation concern.
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Zulkifl, Saad. "Frame rate limiter for export restricted cameras." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska komponenter, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76716.

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This master thesis describes the design of a low power and low noise CMOS circuit capable of limiting 9 frames per second. This is a part of a larger ongoing project for development and design of a low-cost IR night-vision network camera. This circuit is implemented in 0.35μm process. An RC-oscillator with voltage averaging feedback concept is used as timing reference which is capable of overcoming ± 20% of frequency variations. The circuit consumes 85 μW power when enabled and 1.853 μW power when disabled. This circuit design allows 9 frames per second. The variation in frequency due to a temperature range of -40°C to 100°C is within ±2.5% and for voltage range of 3.2V to 3.6V is within ±1%.
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Biala, Taher Ali Said. "Heart rate variability in 10 year old children : normal and intrauterine growth restricted." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27836.

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Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a powerful non-invasive tool used to determine the state of the heart and assess the development of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). The reduced HRV has been associated with negative outcome of ANS. This work describes the results obtained by HRV analysis of two groups of children, 41 Intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) and 34 normal for a period of 24 hours. The main objective of this work was to explore the autonomic control in IUGR children by performing HRV analysis and comparing the results with normal children to find differences in HRV at 10 years of age. Barker theory and hypothesis states that the IUGR can be prone to coronary heart diseases or hypertension in their adulthood. Signal processing was performed on the ECG signal (data) provided which included filtering and detecting the QRS to find the RR segments. In the time domain analysis many parameters were calculated for all 75 children. Several comparisons between IUGR and normal children groups using night time and one hour RR data collected at night using several variables were computed. Frequency domain analysis of RR has been performed by autoregressive model (AR) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) after re-sampling RR data of all 75 children. Calculation of the frequency components, large frequency, high frequency, and ratio of LF/HF, were obtained using FFT, AR and Lomb periodogram. Statistical analyses were performed to compare between IUGR and normal children. Time and frequency analysis comparison between the two groups of children showed no significant statistical differences, but the analysis has shown significant difference when dividing IUGR into IUGR1 (< 2.5 kg) and IUGR2 (≥ 2.5 kg), and highlighted differences in Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) at night time. QT algorithm was developed to measure HR, QRS, ST and QT. It was found that QT for IUGR children is slightly higher than that of normal children. Using Poincaré plots, significant difference was found between female and male children. Females had low long term variability. The 24 hr and 15 min pre-wake HRV time domain and Frequency domain analysis showed that IUGR children have reduced HRV which is a marker of a negative outcome of the ANS.
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Jones, Kathleen A. "From mace to restricted movement : feminist social control theory and college women's fear of rape /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-040740/.

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Lim, Herlina. "Multiple Substituent Effects on the Rate Constants for N(2)-N(3) Restricted Rotation of cis-1,3-Diphenyltriazenes." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2962.

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Triazenes represent an interesting class of organic photochromic materials based on cis-trans isomerization around a nitrogen-containing double bond, and of potential use in optical memory devices. One structural property of triazenes related to cis-trans isomerization is restricted rotation around the N(2)-N(3) bond. The purpose of the study presented in this thesis is to investigate the influence of aryl substitution on the N(2)-N(3) rotational barrier of meta and/or para substituted cis-1,3-diphenyltriazenes. Rate constants for restricted rotation in cis-triazenes were measured by means of a laser-flash photolysis system, via trans-to-cis photoisomerization of corresponding trans-triazenes (which were synthesized either by classical or non-classical diazonium coupling reactions). A quantitative structure-reactivity correlation analysis of rate constants for restricted rotation of cis-triazenes was carried out in terms of an extended Hammett equation. Resulting Hammett reaction contants for restricted rotation rotation are -1. 88 ± 0. 08 and 0. 70 ± 0. 08 for N(1) and N(3), respectively, indicating that restricted rotation of cis-triazenes is more sensitive to the electronic character of the aryl group at N(1) than to than at N(3). Interestingly, the observed rate constants for restricted rotation in cyano-containing substrates are found to be pH-dependent. The latter is attributed to a change in the ionization state of the substrate, which is supported by solvent isotope effects. Furthermore, the pH dependence observed for unsymmetrical cyano-containing substrates indicates that upon deprotonation of the amino group, the negative charge concentrates either on the 4-CN substituent attached to the phenyl ring at N(3) or on the triazeno moiety. Thus, the primary cis-anionic 4-cyano-containing forms are not the same ions and do not equilibrate rapidly, since they undergo cis-to-trans isomerization. Finally, an extended Hammett equation was employed in the analysis of pKa values of trans-triazenes. The results show that there is a direct mesomeric interaction between the charge at N(3) in the triazeno moiety with 4-CN and 4-NO2 groups in the systerms studied. Consequently, the Yukawa-Tsuno modification of the Hammett equation is introduce to correlate pKa values and Hammett substituent constants
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Brites, Alice Dantas. "Monitoramento dos efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da comercialização de produtos florestais não madereiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-24032011-215203/.

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A comercialização de produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNMs) popularizou-se como atividade promotora do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de comunidades florestais com baixo impacto ambiental. Há evidências, contudo, de que a exploração possa produzir efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos negativos, sugerindo que é necessário monitorar tais iniciativas. A comercialização frequentemente ocorre em áreas remotas e em contextos de pobreza, como é o caso de muitas daquelas da Amazônia brasileira. Desta forma, é necessário que o monitoramento restrinja-se a avaliar os efeitos evidenciados como mais comuns em estudos anteriores. Este estudo revisa e sintetiza as evidências científicas dos efeitos da exploração de PFNMs sobre parâmetros ecológicos e socioeconômicos e, a partir daí, indica aqueles mais relevantes ao monitoramento. O estudo também levanta até que ponto o monitoramento é implementado no contexto da Amazônia brasileira e avalia quais os parâmetros importantes e viáveis de monitoramento neste caso específico. Para isso, foram realizadas revisões sistemáticas da literatura e a consulta a profissionais da área através do método Delphi. Os resultados indicam que efeitos ecológicos negativos são frequentes, principalmente quando se coletam folhas ou cascas. Alterações em órgãos ou processos fisiológicos e a taxa de sobrevivência dos espécimes explorados são parâmetros que devem ser monitorados, em particular quando se coletam frutos e partes vegetativas. Para todos os tipos de PFNMs, o tamanho e a estrutura populacional são parâmetros prioritários ao monitoramento. A riqueza de espécies da comunidade explorada merece atenção, principalmente quando se coletam frutos. Para os aspectos socioeconômicos, efeitos positivos foram mais frequentes que negativos. A contribuição da renda monetária obtida com o comércio na renda total, a regularidade de ingresso desta renda e o papel dos PFNMs como recursos de salvaguarda são parâmetros do capital financeiro prioritários ao monitoramento. Para o capital social, o empoderamento feminino, a coesão de grupo e o acesso aos benefícios gerados pela comercialização devem ser monitorados. Na Amazônia brasileira são poucas as iniciativas de implementação do monitoramento da comercialização de PFNMs. Embora este seja considerado importante, existem dificuldades que derivam principalmente da falta de apoio institucional, políticas de incentivo e de recursos financeiros. Os profissionais participantes do Delphi consideram que os parâmetros ecológicos mais importantes a monitorar neste contexto são o tamanho e a estrutura populacional do recurso explorado, o aumento da taxa de mortalidade, a quantidade total de recurso extraída e a técnica de coleta utilizada. Para os parâmetros econômicos, aspectos do mercado, como o preço pago ao coletor, a demanda e a qualidade do produto, bem como a renda monetária obtida pelos indivíduos são os parâmetros considerados mais importantes. Por fim, para os aspectos sociais, os efeitos na cultura, na qualidade de vida e na organização interna da comunidade foram priorizados. Os profissionais indicam que é viável estabelecer o monitoramento dos parâmetros levantados.
Amazon, non-timber forest products, ecological effects, socioeconomic effects, monitoring.
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Mi, Xuefei [Verfasser]. "Model selection procedure with familywise error rate control for binomial order-restricted problems / von Xuefei Mi." 2009. http://d-nb.info/99743788X/34.

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(10637738), Catharine Lory. "Restricted and Repetitive Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Examination of Functional Subtypes and Neurophysiological Features." Thesis, 2021.

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Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research suggests that the severity of RRB may be influenced by both environmental variables (e.g., absence of sensory stimulation input) and neurophysiological activity within the body (e.g., atypical regulatory capacity of the autonomic nervous system). Substantial research efforts have been devoted to the assessment of factors that influence the occurrence of RRB in individuals with ASD, which have led to the development of assessment methodologies, such as functional analysis, to identify specific contexts in which RRB occurs, and measures of heart rate variability (HRV) to index the level of neurophysiological activity for individuals with ASD.

However, despite the increasing consensus that the assessment and treatment of RRB require a more comprehensive approach due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the neurodevelopmental disorder, there exists a paucity in research that addresses both the functional behavioral and neurophysiological dimensions of RRB. This study aimed to address this gap by (a) designing and evaluating the effects of an integrated function-based assessment on identification of the functional subtypes of RRB and (b) examining the relationship between RRB and HRV as an indicator of neurophysiological functioning. The study included six participants, ages four to seven, with ASD. A single-case alternating treatments design, with two conditions simulating low- and high-stimulation environments, was used for the assessment of functional subtypes within each participant. Dependent variables included the duration of RRB and HRV. RRB was measured using MOOSES, a multi-option observation system for experimental studies. HRV was measured using wearable technology that collects blood volume pulse. Visual analysis of time series data as well as nonparametric analyses of the dependent variables were conducted to determine the functional subtypes of RRB and the association between HRV and RRB across participants.

Study results suggest that (a) the integrated assessment is effective in identifying specific functional subtypes of RRB and (b) HRV is positively correlated with the rate of RRB. The findings of this study offer new insights on the understanding of how underlying environmental and neurophysiological mechanisms may influence the occurrence of RRB in ASD. Furthermore, the study provides an integrated assessment model that can be feasibly implemented in applied settings.

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Shen, Ping-Chen, and 沈炳臣. "Analysis and Investigation for Deflection of Deep Groove Bearing and Flow Rate of Membrane-Type Restrictor by Using Numerical Methods." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89gxar.

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博士
中原大學
機械工程研究所
93
The ball bearing may generate deformation due to radial load, which causes shaft eccentricity. This will affect the precision of tool machine. For the hydrostatic bearing, the restrictor may generate the restriction resistance to decide the location of journal, in which the restriction resistance may be determined by calculating the flow rate of restrictor. Therefore this study studies the bearing deflection and restrictor flow rate determination for the design of bearing. The traditional bearing deflection determinations adopt John-Harris method (JHM) which is based on the assumption of half-infinite space according to Hertz’s contact theory. However, the geometry of a ball bearing is complex and so JHM is not able to determine the bearing deflection accurately. For the traditional flow rate determination of membrane-type restrictor, the membrane deflections are determined by using elastic formula first. Then the membrane deflections are substituted into the fluid formula from laminar flow theory to determine the restrictor flow rate. However, the traditional formula, neglecting the influence of the coupling of membrane and oil film, is not able to determine the flow rate accurately. Hence, this study applies FEM with penalty function method and coupling analysis method to determine the bearing deflection and restrictor flow rate, respectively. The FEM results are verified by comparing to the experiment results. However, the bearing deflection and restrictor flow rate determinations by using FEM need longer computer time than traditional formula. Furthermore, this study uses FEM results and curve fitting to modify the load-contact deflection relationship from Hertz theory and membrane deflection-pressure relationship from elastic formula, thus making the modified formula results consistent with the FEM results.
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Books on the topic "Restricted and rare"

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Thomas, M. B. Rare and threatened plants of Queensland: A checklist of geographically restricted, poorly collected, and/or threatened vascular plant species. Brisbane: Dept. of Primary Industries, Queensland Govt., 1987.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Advisory Council on Women. Meeting of Assembly Advisory Council on Women: Assembly bill no. 677 (amends the Rape Shield Law to exclude certain evidence concerning the victim's past sexual conduct) : Assembly bill no. 1367 (establishes central registry of domestic violence orders for use in evaluating firearm permit applications) : Assembly bill no. 1368 (restricts purchase of firearms by anyone who has been the subject of a domestic violence restraining order; requires police to seize weapons at the scene of domestic violence incidents). Trenton, N.J. (State House Annex, CN 068, Trenton 08625): The Council, 1994.

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Blom, Henk J., Mirian C. H. Janssen, and Manuel Schiff. Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency or Classical Homocystinuria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0019.

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Inherited homocystinurias have in common accumulation of homocysteine and encompass two distinctive entities: classical homocystinuria due to cystathionine β‎-synthase (CBS) deficiency and the rare inborn errors of cobalamin and folate metabolism. The natural history of CBS deficiency, the subject of this chapter, is well described compared to the other forms of homocystinurias. Untreated patients may be asymptomatic or have one or more of the following symptoms: severe mental handicaps, psychiatric disturbances, ectopia lentis, osteoporosis, Marfanoid habitus, or thromboembolic complications. Current treatment options are based on therapy with vitamin B6, folate, B12, or betaine and institution of a protein- or methionine-restricted diet.
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Cox, F. E. G. Babesiosis and malaria. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0055.

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Babesiosis and malaria are rare zoonoses that, with new developments in diagnosis and the application of molecular techniques, are becoming increasingly frequently recognised. Babesia species infect millions of cattle and unknown numbers of sheep, dogs, horses, and wildlife throughout the world but human infections are very uncommon. There are two distinct forms of human babesiosis. In Europe the causative agent is Babesia divergens, a natural parasite of cattle transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinis. B. divergens infections in humans are extremely rare and nearly all have been recorded from asplenic or otherwise immunocompromised patients. In the USA, human babesiosis is more common than in Europe, although still very rare, and is not restricted to immunocompromised individuals. The causative agents are Babesia microti and B. duncani, common parasites of rodents, transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis. In addition there have been sporadic reports of human babesiosis from other parts of the world but in most cases the species of Babesia involved has not been characterised. Malaria parasites and Babesia both inhabit red blood cells during part of their life cycles and these stages cause the diseases, malaria and babesiosis, which are similar in many respects. The facts that humans can occasionally acquire malaria and babesiosis from animals, that both parasites appear similar when seen in blood films and that both cause similar symptoms can cause problems in diagnosis and these rare infections are, therefore, of interest to clinicians and epidemiologists.
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Turney, Ben, and John Reynard. Ureteric stones. Edited by John Reynard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0025.

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This chapter summarizes the variety of ways in which ureteric stones can present together with non-radiological and radiological diagnostic tests used to identify them. Ureteric stones classically present with sudden onset, severe loin pain with or without radiation to the groin, testis, or labia majora. The urgent desire to pass urine, combined with increased urinary frequency and the passage of small voided volumes of urine is suggestive of a vesicoureteric junction stone. Haematuria as a presenting symptom of a ureteric stone is rare. Magnetic resonance (MR) urography is an accurate imaging test for identifying ureteric stones. However, at the present time, cost, restricted availability and limited experience in interpretation of the images by radiologists and urologists limit its usefulness as a routine diagnostic method of imaging in cases of acute flank pain.
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Haymann, Jean-Philippe, and Francois Lionnet. The patient with sickle cell anaemia. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0167.

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In sickle cell anaemia (SCA) a single mutation in the haemoglobin beta-globin gene is responsible for a pleomorphic phenotype leading to acute and chronic life-threatening complications. Healthcare management programmes, patient and family education, infection prophylaxis (especially in childhood), and long-term treatment for some patients (such as hydroxyurea) have significantly improved survival, giving rise to some new long-term issues.Sickle cell-associated nephropathy (SCAN) leads in some cases to chronic renal failure with a significant impact on survival. SCAN is characterized by an increased effective plasma renal flow and glomerular filtration rate, glomerular hypertrophy, and damaged vasa recta system leading to albuminuria and impaired urinary concentration.Early onset of hyperfiltration occurs in 60% of SCA patients often associated with microalbuminuria. SCAN risk factors are still under investigation, but may be related to chronic haemolysis at an early time point. Other lesions in patients with sickle cell anaemia include papillary necrosis, and recurrent acute kidney injury in association with crises or infections.ACEI are recommended if there is proteinuria. There is no current agreement on whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) should be introduced earlier, but systematic screening for microalbuminuria and hypertension, and avoidance of nephrotoxic agents are strongly advised.Patients with sickle cell trait (carriers for sickle cell anaemia) are prone to microscopic haematuria and abnormalities of the vasa recta have been described. A very rare tumour, renal medullary carcinoma, is largely restricted to this group (in whom it is still extremely rare). Increased risk of other renal problems is still largely hypothetical rather than proven.The prevalence of nephropathies in other sickle cell diseases (in particular haemoglobin SC disease) is much lower.
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Chen, Cheng. Comparing Post-communist Authoritarianism in Russia and China. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.003.0008.

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The studies of post-communist Russia and China have traditionally been dominated by single-case studies and within-region comparisons. This chapter explores why the CAS of post-communist Russia and China is difficult, why it is rare, and how it could yield significant and unique intellectual payoffs. The cross-regional comparative study of anti-corruption campaigns in contemporary Russia and China is used as an example in this chapter to argue that a well-matched and context-sensitive comparison could reveal significant divergence in the elite politics and institutional capacities of these regimes that would otherwise likely be obscured by single-case studies or studies restricted to one single geographical area such as “Eastern Europe” or “East Asia.” By breaking Russia and China out of their respective “regions,” the CAS perspective thus enables us to better capture the full range of existing diversity of post-communist authoritarianism.
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Harris, LaShawn. “‘Decent and God-Fearing Men and Women’ Are Restricted to These Districts”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040207.003.0006.

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This chapter draws attention to the multiple ways in which a new vanguard of black political and neighborhood activists like Jamaica, Queens resident Geraldine Chaney and members of Harlem Citizens Council (HCC) contested the presence of vice and immoral social amusements and economic activities in their neighborhoods. New Yorkers expressed their concerns and outrage about community conditions and its impact on their families and day-to-day lives through citizens' complaint letters and the formation of grassroots anti-vice neighborhood associations. Local black New Yorkers' activism, part of broader northern civil rights campaigns for citizenship and race, gender, and class equality, underscored visions of wholesome communities and neighborhood safety and their refusal to allow crime racketeers and disorderly neighbors to permeate spaces in which they had to live and work and raise families.
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Gerzina, Gretchen H., ed. Britain's Black Past. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621600.001.0001.

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The presence and history of black people in Britain, going back centuries, has been obscured, forgotten and misunderstood. This book, which expands upon the Radio 4 series of the same name, uses new archival discoveries and fresh scholarly interpretations to recover the stories of some of the black individuals, groups and communities whose lives in England were shaped and restricted by slavery and racism during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In eighteen chapters by different contributors, readers encounter black figures from the past who span the social and economic spectrum from domestic servants, actors, and mariners to those who enjoyed wealth, privilege and, in rare cases, power. In addition to investigating how black people of this era navigated the complex dynamics of white households and larger white British society, connections—economic and personal—to colonial slavery and the slave trade in America and the Caribbean are threaded throughout the book. In addition to scholarly work, many chapters examine how the lives of some of these black figures are being newly explored and interpreted in non-academic mediums such as television, film, fiction, art, and performance. Current events—including the Grenfell Towers fire and the Windrush immigration scandal—underscore the importance of recognizing Britain’s multiracial past and this book urges continued study of a historical black presence to better understand the past and affirm an expanded notion of Britishness.
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Cui, Zhao, Neil Turner, and Ming-hui Zhao. Alport post-transplant antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0075.

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Alport antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare example of disease caused by allo-sensitization after renal transplantation, first described in 1992. Because the recipient lacks a specific glomerular basement membrane (GBM) protein, they can become sensitized to the normal molecule present in the GBM of the donor kidney. The disease is restricted to the allograft. Interestingly severe disease arises from this only arises rarely, certainly less than 1 in 20, probably closer to 1 in 50. It characteristically causes late graft loss in a first transplant with accelerated tempo in later allografts, and in its most extreme form recurs within days. However, inexplicably some subsequent transplants do not provoke aggressive recurrence. Treatment of the most aggressive disease is difficult and in most cases has been ultimately unsuccessful. Lower levels of immune response, marked by linear binding of immunoglobulin-G to GBM without glomerular disease, are not uncommon in Alport patients after transplantation and should not lead to altered treatment. Immunoassays for anti-GBM antibodies can be misleading as in most cases the target of antibodies is the α‎‎‎5 chain of type IV collagen, rather than the α‎‎‎3 chain which is the target in spontaneous anti-GBM disease. Overall the outcome of transplantation in Alport syndrome is better than average. This complication is more likely in patients with partial or total gene deletion rather than point mutations, but no other predictive features have been identified.
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Book chapters on the topic "Restricted and rare"

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Dambreville, Frédéric. "Planning Sensors with Cost-Restricted Subprocess Calls: A Rare-Event Simulation Approach." In Advanced Computational Methods for Knowledge Engineering, 91–104. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00293-4_8.

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Steel, Gary. "Relaxed and Alert: Patterns of T-Wave Amplitude and Heart Rate in a REST Environment." In Clinical and Experimental Restricted Environmental Stimulation, 249–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8583-7_26.

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Al-Jedaani, Abdulrhman Wassil, Wajid Aziz, Abdulrahman A. Alshdadi, Mohammed Alqarni, Malik Sajjad Ahmed Nadeem, Mike P. Wailoo, and Fernando S. Schlindwein. "An Intelligent System Based on Heart Rate Variability Measures and Machine Learning Techniques for Classification of Normal and Growth Restricted Children." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 101–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6893-4_10.

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Ali, Jauhar, Madonna Dela Paz, and Christian John Robiso. "Advances in Two-Line Heterosis Breeding in Rice via the Temperature-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility System." In Rice Improvement, 99–145. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_4.

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AbstractHybrid rice technology is a viable strategy to increase rice production and productivity, especially in countries with limited cultivable land for agriculture and irrigation water, along with costlier chemical inputs. The three-line hybrid rice technology adoption rate is slowing down because of restricted heterosis per se, the availability of better combining ability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines, lower hybrid seed reproducibility, and limited market acceptability of hybrids. Two-line heterosis breeding could overcome these shortcomings. However, the wide-scale adoption and use of two-line hybrid rice technology are possible through systematic research and breeding efforts to develop temperature-sensitive genetic male sterile (TGMS) lines with low (<24 °C) critical sterility temperature point, which is discussed in this chapter. Research on the genetics, breeding, grain quality, and resistance to insect pests and diseases for TGMS line development and physiological characterization is also discussed. In addition, the identification and validation of natural sites for TGMS self-seed multiplication and hybrid rice seed production through GIS mapping and climatic data analytical tools are also tackled. The development of high-yielding two-line rice hybrids and improvement in hybrid rice seed reproducibility could help in their wide-scale adoption.
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Peters, Baron. "Landau free energies and restricted averages." In Reaction Rate Theory and Rare Events Simulations, 273–310. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-44-456349-1.00011-8.

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State, Matthew W. "Rare Variant Approaches to Understanding the Causes of Complex Neuropsychiatric Disorders." In Causality and Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199754649.003.0015.

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The distinction between genetic variation that is present in more than 5% of the population (defined as common) and genetic variation that does not meet this threshold (defined as rare) is often lost in the discussion of psychiatric genetics. As a general proposition, the field has come to equate the hunt for common variants (or alleles) with the search for genes causing or contributing to psychiatric illness. Indeed, the majority of studies on mood disorders, autism, schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette syndrome have restricted their analyses to the potential contribution of common alleles. Studies focusing on rare genetic mutations have, until quite recently, been viewed as outside the mainstream of efforts aimed at elucidating the biological substrates of serious psychopathology. Both the implicit assumption that common alleles underlie the lion’s share of risk for most common neuropsychiatric conditions and the notion that the most expeditious way to elucidate their biological bases will be to concentrate efforts on common alleles deserve careful scrutiny. Indeed, key findings across all of human genetics, including those within psychiatry, support the following alternative conclusions: (1) for disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, the study of rare variants already holds the most immediate promise for defining the molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease (McClellan, Susser, & King, 2007; O’Roak & State, 2008); (2) common variation will be found to carry much more modest risks than previously anticipated (Altshuler & Daly, 2007; Saxena et al., 2007); and (3) rare variation will account for substantial risk for common complex disorders, particularly for neuropsychiatric conditions with relatively early onset and chronic course. This chapter addresses the rare variant genetic approach specifically with respect to mental illness. It first introduces the distinction between the key characteristics of common and rare genetic variation. It then briefly addresses the methodologies employed to demonstrate a causal or contributory role for genes in complex disease, focusing on how these approaches differ in terms of the ability to detect and confirm the role of rare variation.
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Morís, Germán, and Julio Pascual. "Headache with neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) syndrome." In Oxford Textbook of Headache Syndromes, edited by Michel Ferrari, Joost Haan, Andrew Charles, David W. Dodick, Fumihiko Sakai, and Christopher Kennard, 403–8. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198724322.003.0044.

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Headache with neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a rare, self-limited syndrome that is characterized by 1–12 episodes of headache with temporary neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis within a period of 3 months. HaNDL syndrome is more frequent in males (3:1) around their third and fourth decades of life. As HaNDL is commonly preceded by a viral illness, a possibility is that this syndrome is autoimmune in origin. Headache is usually described as severe and bilateral, and lasts from a few hours to a few days. Accompanying temporary deficits typically are restricted to one hemisphere and last an average of 5 hours. Sensory symptoms, language disorders, and hemiparesis, in this order, are the more frequent focal deficits. Contrary to migraine aura, visual symptoms are rare. While neuroimaging discloses no abnormalities, lumbar tap demonstrates lymphocytic pleocytosis with normal glucose levels and negative microbiological results. Electroencephalography and brain single photon emission computed tomography show hemispheric slowing or decrease uptake within the acute episodes. There is no specific treatment, but the syndrome does not leave any sequel.
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McEvoy, Andrew. "Dermoid and epidermoid cysts." In Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery, edited by Ramez W. Kirollos, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter J. A. Hutchinson, 197–204. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0016.

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Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are important intracranial developmental lesions. They are commonly derived from retained surface ectoderm trapped by two fusing neuroectodermal surfaces during neural tube closure, and are also termed congenital ectodermal inclusion cysts. Occasionally epidermoid cysts are acquired lesions derived from iatrogenic implantation of surface ectoderm (termed implantation dermoids). Dermoid cysts are rare, usually midline lesions that present early; these include dermoid structures and may rupture, causing meningitis. Epidermoids are usually lateral, slightly more common, and present later. Radiologically these lesions are characterized by restricted diffusion on MRI which distinguishes them from arachnoid cysts. Treatment is usually surgical with complete or subtotal resection of the cyst, the need for long-term follow-up is controversial.
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Reis, Mário. "Imagens fantasmagóricas, silhuetas elusivas: as figuras humanas na arte do Paleolítico Superior da região do Côa." In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 537–49. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa42.

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The representation of the human figure is rare in European Paleolithic art, and the Côa region is no exception, although Paleolithic anthropomorphs have been known in its open-air art since the beginning. At first restricted to two sites, their quantity and territorial dispersion has considerably expanded in recent years, with the continued work of survey, review and registration of decorated rocks, and currently amount to almost half a hundred, despite the doubts concerning the classification of several among them. This text presents the complete set of these figures in the Côa art, divided in their main chronological and typological groups, and briefly reflecting on their possible continuation for the cultural phase subsequent to the Upper Paleolithic.
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Rothman, Emily F. "Pornography Viewers." In Pornography and Public Health, 33–46. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190075477.003.0003.

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It is of interest to public health to determine the percentage of people who view pornography and to characterize the population of pornography viewers. This chapter presents estimates of lifetime and past-year pornography viewing for US populations, discusses whether pornography viewers consume pornography more frequently than in decades past, and presents estimates for pornography exposure for children and by demographic subgroups. The chapter concludes that pornography use is not rare and is not restricted to only males, young people, or the nonreligious. The chapter argues that the prevalence of pornography use alone is insufficient to qualify it as a public health crisis. If pornography use is both common and causes harm, that would be a compelling argument for addressing it as a public health concern.
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Conference papers on the topic "Restricted and rare"

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Jang, Chang Doo, Ha Cheol Song, In Seop Hwang, Sang Hoon Shin, Jong Hwan Lee, Ick Hung Choe, and Jinsoo Park. "Design Optimization of a Ship Hull Block Based on Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67153.

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Optimization techniques for shipbuilding have been developed to design large-scaled commercial vessels based on classification rules and analytical data, but most of the target model in the past were restricted to the mid-ship section design in the preliminary design stage. By contrast, preceding researches about the design optimization of detailed structures are relatively rare since narrow information has been provided as the design guide for such structures. In this study, the minimum weight design of a ship hull block was carried out based on the finite element analysis. The target model for design optimization is a stiffened deck block of LNG carrier for upholding a main boiler. The weight of a ship hull block and the main dimensions of structural members are chosen as an objective function and design variables, respectively. An optimization algorithm was adopted to escape the local minima and reduce CPU time in analysis procedure, and finite element analysis was performed to determine the constraint parameters at each iteration step in optimization loop. Optimization results were compared with an existing ship, and the effects of optimum design were examined from various points of view.
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Li, Qing, and Yang Chen. "Rate Distortion Via Restricted Boltzmann Machines." In 2018 56th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/allerton.2018.8635888.

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Yun, Yeo Hun, and Joon Ho Cho. "Maximum sum rate of a restricted FDMA system." In ICC 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2013.6655073.

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Luo, Linkai, Yudan Wang, Hong Peng, Zhimin Tang, Shiyang You, and Xiaoqin Huang. "Training restricted Boltzmann Machine with dynamic learning rate." In 2016 11th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccse.2016.7581563.

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Kokkula, Prithvi Raj, Shashank Bhojappa, Selin Arslan, and Badih A. Jawad. "Design and Optimization of the Restrictor of a Race Car." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52940.

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Formula SAE is a student competition organized by SAE International. The team of students design, manufacture and race a car. Restrictions are imposed by the Formula SAE rules committee to restrict the air flow into the intake manifold by putting a single restrictor of 20 mm. This rule limits the maximum engine power by reducing the mass flow rate flowing to the engine. The pull is greater at higher rpms and the pressure created inside the cylinder is low. As the diameter of the flow path is reduced, the cross sectional area for flow reduces. For cars running at low rpm when the engine requires less air, the reduction in area is compensated by accelerated flow of air through the restrictor. Since this is for racing purpose cars here are designed to run at very high rpms where the flow at the throat section reach sonic velocities. Due to these restrictions the teams are challenged to come up with improved restrictor designs that allow maximum pressure drop across the restrictor’s inlet and outlet. The design considered for optimizing a flow restrictor is a venturi type having 20 mm restriction between the inlet and the outlet complying with the rules set by Formula SAE committee. The primary objective of this work is to optimize the flow restriction device that achieves maximum mass flow and minimum pull from the engine. This implies the pressure difference created due to the cylinder pressure and the atmospheric pressure at the inlet should be minimum. An optimum flow restrictor is designed by conducting analysis on various converging and diverging angles and coming up with an optimum value. Venturi type is a tubular pipe with varying diameter along its length, through which the fluid flows. Law of governing fluid dynamics states that the “Velocity of the fluid increases as it passes through the constriction to satisfy the principle of continuity”. An equation can be derived from the combination of Bernoulli’s equation and Continuity equation for the pressure drop due to venturi effect. [1]. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool is used to calculate the minimum pressure drop across the restrictor by running a series of analysis on various converging and diverging angles and calculating the pressure drop. As a result, an optimum air flow restrictor is achieved that maximizes the mass flow rate and minimizes the engine pull.
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Ribeiro, Kandice Suane Barros, Richard Farnish, and Reginaldo Coelho. "EVALUATION OF THE RESTRICTED AIR ENTRY ON THE DISCHARGE RATE FROM SILOS." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0348.

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Bunnik, Tim, Carl Trygve Stansberg, Csaba Pakozdi, Sebastien Fouques, and Luke Somers. "Useful Indicators for Screening of Sea States for Wave Impacts on Fixed and Floating Platforms." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78544.

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Design approaches for wave impact on marine structures in storm sea-states are being reconsidered due to events related to the safety of North Sea offshore structures, both fixed and floating (Valhall QP extended lifetime; COSL Innovator accident). There has been a strong research and tool development within the field during the last decade, both within model testing and numerical analysis, including CFD. However, there is still a lack of efficient methods and tools to properly analyze these phenomena and their probably of occurrence. One major aspect in this is to reduce the statistical uncertainties that are naturally arising in estimates of design loads related to extreme waves. In order to estimate the design loads it is common practice not to investigate all possible sea states (i.e. long-term analysis) but to investigate a few sea states and assume that the design value occurs at a prescribed probability level in the sea states with the same probability level (i.e. contour line approach). The estimate of the design value at that probability level is then based on results from a limited number of random realizations of these sea states. For linear or weakly nonlinear response types it is possible to estimate design loads accurately with a quite limited number of realizations. For strongly nonlinear/badly behaved problems however this is not possible due to the large variations in the tail of the distribution of the impact load, and many more realizations are required. This means that much more of these extreme, rare impact-related events should be collected to reduce the statistical uncertainty in the design load. This approach is restricted by time and costs and eventually one may have to accept an estimated design load with a large statistical uncertainty and account for the uncertainty with a higher safety margin. In this paper an improved methodology for estimating design loads related to extreme wave impacts will be presented. The methodology is based on screening many 3-hour realizations of the design sea states with simplified, fast but sufficiently accurate methods and to focus only on the potentially critical events with a model containing a more complete description of the physics. This can be either a model test or a non-linear impact simulation (i.e. CFD analysis). By doing this many more rare/critical events can be assessed, reducing the statistical uncertainty in the estimate of the design load. The main challenge is to find suitable screening methods, which may be different for different structures (fixed, floating, etc.). Several screening methods/wave impact indicators will be discussed, and their capability will be illustrated by analyzing existing model test data for fixed and floating structures, showing the correlation between indicator and actual impact events.
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Pease, Leonard F., and Judith Ann Bamberger. "Attached Jet Velocity Profiles in Mixing Tanks." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20220.

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Abstract Free jets have been studied in detail over much of the last century, but the theory for offset and attached jets remains incomplete. Attached jets differ from free jets in that they lose momentum to nearby surfaces, attenuating their velocities. The velocity profiles of free circular jets are nearly Gaussian, with quantitative mathematical descriptions derived from first principles by Goertler and Tollmien (Rajaratnam, 1976). In contrast, mathematical descriptions of three-dimensional attached jets from circular nozzles remain much less mature. Agelin-Chaab and Tachie (2011) used particle imaging velocimetry of a three-dimensional attached jet to show that the scaled velocity decays with scaled distance from the nozzle with a power law exponent between −1.15 and −1.20, which is larger in magnitude than that of a free jet. However, quantitative analytical expressions for the velocity profiles of attached jets similar to those of free jets remain elusive. This paper addresses this critical gap. Here we evaluate the velocity profiles of three-dimensional offset jets emerging from circular nozzles that become attached jets. These jets lose momentum due to interactions with nearby surfaces and are important to evaluating flows in mixing vessels and to suspending solids and trapped gases in radioactive waste tanks. Despite the importance of attached jets, prior insight has been purely experimental, limited to overly simplistic analytical models, or restricted to computationally expensive computational fluid dynamics case studies. We compare the expression of Verhoff (1963) to experimental results to find reasonable quantitative agreement. As stated by Agelin-Chaab and Tachie (2011), “detailed velocity measurements of 3D offset jets are rare.” Such remains the case. This study adds to the literature by providing information at two additional Reynolds numbers (1.43 · 106 and 1.87 · 106) and evaluating simple but accurate expressions for velocity profiles. These Reynolds numbers and corresponding velocities are higher, typically orders of magnitude higher, than other reports. The semi-empirical stream wise velocity profile perpendicular to the surface proposed by Verhoff (1963) is in approximate agreement with these velocity profiles, which is surprising because these attached jets are three-dimensional instead of two-dimensional as evaluated by Verhoff. However, additional work is necessary to fully describe these profiles quantitatively.
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Ma, J., Xianchen Ge, Nick H. Duong, and Shuting Lei. "Assessment of Restricted Contact Cutting Tool in Dry Machining of AISI 1045 Steel." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36804.

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This paper studies the performance of restricted cutting tool in dry orthogonal machining of mild steel (AISI 1045 steel) using finite element simulations. The rake face of cemented carbide (WC/Co) cutting inserts is designed and the rake face length is shortened. The purpose is to examine the effect of shortened tools on machining performance and to compare it with regular cutting tools. The following restricted tool parameters are examined: length of rake face, alpha angle (the angle between the rake face and the supporting face), and edge radius. Their effects are assessed in terms of the main force, thrust force, and chip-tool contact length. It is found that restricted cutting tools generate lower cutting force and thrust force and consequently lower the energy necessary for machining. The length of rake face, the angle between the rake face and the supporting face, and edge radius all have influence on cutting force in their own ways. The effects of these three parameters on the tool temperature distribution are also investigated.
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Han, Guangyue, and Brian Marcus. "Concavity of mutual information rate for input-restricted finite-state memoryless channels at high SNR." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2009.5205785.

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Reports on the topic "Restricted and rare"

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Aaron, David A., and Piotr A. Domanski. An experimental investigation and modeling of the flow rate of refrigerant 22 through the short tube restrictor. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4120.

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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. How to Talk About Incontinence: A Checklist. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.006.

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Incontinence is the medical term used to describe the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. Women, men, girls, boys and people of all genders, at any age, can experience incontinence. A person with incontinence can experience leakage occasionally, regularly or constantly; and leakage can happen at any time, day or night. A person may also experience leakage of urinary or faecal matter due to not being able to get to the toilet in time or not wanting to use the toilet facilities available. This is known as social, or functional, incontinence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) understanding of incontinence is still in its early stages: the term ‘incontinence’ may not be known, knowledge of the condition is rare, and the provision of support is lacking. Those who experience incontinence may face stigma due to having the condition, and this may affect their willingness or confidence to talk about it. There is a need to better understand incontinence in LMICs, and how best to support people living with the condition to improve their quality of life. This requires having conversations with individuals that experience the condition, and with individuals who care for those who do: they will have the lived experiences of what it means to live with incontinence practically, emotionally and socially for them and their families. Living with incontinence can have a range of impacts on the people living with it and their carers. These include increased stress and distress; additional needs for water and soap; and restricted ability to join in community activities, school or work. Living with incontinence can also lead to a range of protection issues. The potential challenges that people face may be quite diverse and may vary between people and households. The checklist below, and corresponding page references to ‘Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks’ can be used to increase your understanding of incontinence and the options available to support people living with the condition; and provide guidance on how to have conversations to understand how best to support people living with incontinence in your area.
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Wilbur Jane. How to Talk About Incontinence: A Checklist. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.012.

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Incontinence is the medical term used to describe the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. Women, men, girls, boys and people of all genders, at any age, can experience incontinence. A person with incontinence can experience leakage occasionally, regularly or constantly; and leakage can happen at any time, day or night. A person may also experience leakage of urinary or faecal matter due to not being able to get to the toilet in time or not wanting to use the toilet facilities available. This is known as social, or functional, incontinence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) understanding of incontinence is still in its early stages: the term ‘incontinence’ may not be known, knowledge of the condition is rare, and the provision of support is lacking. Those who experience incontinence may face stigma due to having the condition, and this may affect their willingness or confidence to talk about it. There is a need to better understand incontinence in LMICs, and how best to support people living with the condition to improve their quality of life. This requires having conversations with individuals that experience the condition, and with individuals who care for those who do: they will have the lived experiences of what it means to live with incontinence practically, emotionally and socially for them and their families. Living with incontinence can have a range of impacts on the people living with it and their carers. These include increased stress and distress; additional needs for water and soap; and restricted ability to join in community activities, school or work. Living with incontinence can also lead to a range of protection issues. The potential challenges that people face may be quite diverse and may vary between people and households. The checklist below, and corresponding page references to ‘Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks’ can be used to increase your understanding of incontinence and the options available to support people living with the condition; and provide guidance on how to have conversations to understand how best to support people living with incontinence in your area.
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4

Meneses, Juan Francisco, and José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
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5

Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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