Relevant bibliographies by topics / Restricted and common

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Restricted and common'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Restricted and common"

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Gorbenko, Anna, and Vladimir Popov. "Restricted common superstrings." Applied Mathematical Sciences 7 (2013): 2335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2013.13209.

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Becerril-Borja, Rubén, and Andrés Perea. "Common belief in future and restricted past rationality." International Journal of Game Theory 49, no. 3 (2020): 711–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00182-020-00716-2.

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Abstract We introduce the idea that a player believes at every stage of a dynamic game that his opponents will choose rationally in the future and have chosen rationally in a restricted way in the past. This is summarized by the concept of common belief in future and restricted past rationality, which is defined epistemically. Moreover, it is shown that every properly rationalizable strategy of the normal form of a dynamic game can be chosen in the dynamic game under common belief in future and restricted past rationality. We also present an algorithm that uses strict dominance, and show that it selects exactly those strategies that can be chosen under common belief in future and restricted past rationality.
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Zhang, Li-wen, and Zhong-yi Zhu. "Estimating Restricted Common Structural Changes for Panel Data." Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series 35, no. 4 (2019): 893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10255-019-0859-x.

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Sharman, Jyotsna, Lata Kumar, and Surjit Singh. "Allergenicity of Common Foods Restricted in Respiratory Allergy." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 67, no. 10 (2000): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02723925.

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Bonizzoni, Paola, Riccardo Dondi, Giancarlo Mauri, and Italo Zoppis. "Restricted and Swap Common Superstring: A Multivariate Algorithmic Perspective." Algorithmica 72, no. 4 (2014): 914–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-014-9882-8.

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Lin, Shih-Wei, Kuo-Ching Ying, Wen-Jie Wu, and Chen-Yang Cheng. "Single Machine Job Sequencing With a Restricted Common Due Window." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 148741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946032.

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VanWinkle, Peyton E., Felicia Parish, Yvonne J. K. Edwards, and Elizabeth Sztul. "JAGN1, tetraspanins, and Erv proteins: is common topology indicative of common function in cargo sorting?" American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 319, no. 4 (2020): C667—C674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00436.2019.

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The endoplasmic reticulum protein Jagunal (JAGN1) was first identified as a requirement for Drosophila melanogaster oocyte development. Subsequent studies in human patients linked mutations in JAGN1 to severe congenital neutropenia, as well as a broad range of additional symptoms, suggesting that JAGN1 function is required in many tissues. Moreover, JAGN1 orthologs are found throughout animal and plant phylogeny, suggesting that JAGN1 supports fundamental cellular processes not restricted to egg development or neutrophil function. JAGN1 lacks sequence similarity or recognizable domains other than a coatomer protein complex I-binding motif, and its cellular function is currently unknown. JAGN1 shares a tetraspanning membrane topology with two families of known cargo transporters: the tetraspanins and the endoplasmic reticulum vesicle (Erv) proteins. Herein, we discuss the similarities between JAGN1, tetraspanins, and Ervs and, based on those, suggest a role for JAGN1 in facilitating the traffic of cell-restricted and ubiquitously expressed proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi interface.
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Wang, Wan-Lun, Luis M. Castro, Yen-Ting Chang, and Tsung-I. Lin. "Mixtures of restricted skew-t factor analyzers with common factor loadings." Advances in Data Analysis and Classification 13, no. 2 (2018): 445–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11634-018-0317-2.

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Amir, Amihood, Panagiotis Charalampopoulos, Solon P. Pissis, and Jakub Radoszewski. "Dynamic and Internal Longest Common Substring." Algorithmica 82, no. 12 (2020): 3707–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-020-00744-0.

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Abstract Given two strings S and T, each of length at most n, the longest common substring (LCS) problem is to find a longest substring common to S and T. This is a classical problem in computer science with an $$\mathcal {O}(n)$$ O ( n ) -time solution. In the fully dynamic setting, edit operations are allowed in either of the two strings, and the problem is to find an LCS after each edit. We present the first solution to the fully dynamic LCS problem requiring sublinear time in n per edit operation. In particular, we show how to find an LCS after each edit operation in $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n^{2/3})$$ O ~ ( n 2 / 3 ) time, after $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n)$$ O ~ ( n ) -time and space preprocessing. This line of research has been recently initiated in a somewhat restricted dynamic variant by Amir et al. [SPIRE 2017]. More specifically, the authors presented an $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(n)$$ O ~ ( n ) -sized data structure that returns an LCS of the two strings after a single edit operation (that is reverted afterwards) in $$\tilde{\mathcal {O}}(1)$$ O ~ ( 1 ) time. At CPM 2018, three papers (Abedin et al., Funakoshi et al., and Urabe et al.) studied analogously restricted dynamic variants of problems on strings; specifically, computing the longest palindrome and the Lyndon factorization of a string after a single edit operation. We develop dynamic sublinear-time algorithms for both of these problems as well. We also consider internal LCS queries, that is, queries in which we are to return an LCS of a pair of substrings of S and T. We show that answering such queries is hard in general and propose efficient data structures for several restricted cases.
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Jog, Vijay M., and Allan L. Riding. "A NOTE ON INSIDER TRADING AND ISSUANCES OF RESTRICTED-VOTING COMMON SHARES." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 17, no. 3 (2008): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.1990.tb01198.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Restricted and common"

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Mugodo, James, and n/a. "Plant species rarity and data restriction influence the prediction success of species distribution models." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050530.112801.

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There is a growing need for accurate distribution data for both common and rare plant species for conservation planning and ecological research purposes. A database of more than 500 observations for nine tree species with different ecological and geographical distributions and a range of frequencies of occurrence in south-eastern New South Wales (Australia) was used to compare the predictive performance of logistic regression models, generalised additive models (GAMs) and classification tree models (CTMs) using different data restriction regimes and several model-building strategies. Environmental variables (mean annual rainfall, mean summer rainfall, mean winter rainfall, mean annual temperature, mean maximum summer temperature, mean minimum winter temperature, mean daily radiation, mean daily summer radiation, mean daily June radiation, lithology and topography) were used to model the distribution of each of the plant species in the study area. Model predictive performance was measured as the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot. The initial predictive performance of logistic regression models and generalised additive models (GAMs) using unrestricted, temperature restricted, major gradient restricted and climatic domain restricted data gave results that were contrary to current practice in species distribution modelling. Although climatic domain restriction has been used in other studies, it was found to produce models that had the lowest predictive performance. The performance of domain restricted models was significantly (p = 0.007) inferior to the performance of major gradient restricted models when the predictions of the models were confined to the climatic domain of the species. Furthermore, the effect of data restriction on model predictive performance was found to depend on the species as shown by a significant interaction between species and data restriction treatment (p = 0.013). As found in other studies however, the predictive performance of GAM was significantly (p = 0.003) better than that of logistic regression. The superiority of GAM over logistic regression was unaffected by different data restriction regimes and was not significantly different within species. The logistic regression models used in the initial performance comparisons were based on models developed using the forward selection procedure in a rigorous-fitting model-building framework that was designed to produce parsimonious models. The rigorous-fitting modelbuilding framework involved testing for the significant reduction in model deviance (p = 0.05) and significance of the parameter estimates (p = 0.05). The size of the parameter estimates and their standard errors were inspected because large estimates and/or standard errors are an indication of model degradation from overfilling or effecls such as mullicollinearily. For additional variables to be included in a model, they had to contribule significantly (p = 0.025) to the model prediclive performance. An attempt to improve the performance of species distribution models using logistic regression models in a rigorousfitting model-building framework, the backward elimination procedure was employed for model selection, bul it yielded models with reduced performance. A liberal-filling model-building framework that used significant model deviance reduction at p = 0.05 (low significance models) and 0.00001 (high significance models) levels as the major criterion for variable selection was employed for the development of logistic regression models using the forward selection and backward elimination procedures. Liberal filling yielded models that had a significantly greater predictive performance than the rigorous-fitting logistic regression models (p = 0.0006). The predictive performance of the former models was comparable to that of GAM and classification tree models (CTMs). The low significance liberal-filling models had a much larger number of variables than the high significance liberal-fitting models, but with no significant increase in predictive performance. To develop liberal-filling CTMs, the tree shrinking program in S-PLUS was used to produce a number of trees of differenl sizes (subtrees) by optimally reducing the size of a full CTM for a given species. The 10-fold cross-validated model deviance for the subtrees was plotted against the size of the subtree as a means of selecting an appropriate tree size. In contrast to liberal-fitting logistic regression, liberal-fitting CTMs had poor predictive performance. Species geographical range and species prevalence within the study area were used to categorise the tree species into different distributional forms. These were then used, to compare the effect of plant species rarity on the predictive performance of logistic regression models, GAMs and CTMs. The distributional forms included restricted and rare (RR) species (Eucalyptus paliformis and Eucalyptus kybeanensis), restricted and common (RC) species (Eucalyptus delegatensis, Eucryphia moorei and Eucalyptus fraxinoides), widespread and rare (WR) species (Eucalyptus data) and widespread and common (WC) species (Eucalyptus sieberi, Eucalyptus pauciflora and Eucalyptus fastigata). There were significant differences (p = 0.076) in predictive performance among the distributional forms for the logistic regression and GAM. The predictive performance for the WR distributional form was significantly lower than the performance for the other plant species distributional forms. The predictive performance for the RC and RR distributional forms was significantly greater than the performance for the WC distributional form. The trend in model predictive performance among plant species distributional forms was similar for CTMs except that the CTMs had poor predictive performance for the RR distributional form. This study shows the importance of data restriction to model predictive performance with major gradient data restriction being recommended for consistently high performance. Given the appropriate model selection strategy, logistic regression, GAM and CTM have similar predictive performance. Logistic regression requires a high significance liberal-fitting strategy to both maximise its predictive performance and to select a relatively small model that could be useful for framing future ecological hypotheses about the distribution of individual plant species. The results for the modelling of plant species for conservation purposes were encouraging since logistic regression and GAM performed well for the restricted and rare species, which are usually of greater conservation concern.
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Nonnemaker, Scott E. "Living behind bars? : an investigation of gated communities in New Tampa, Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002901.

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Lueza, Béranger. "Estimation du bénéfice de survie à partir de méta-analyse sur données individuelles et évaluation économique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS268/document.

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Le bénéfice de survie restreint à un horizon temporel donné a été proposé comme mesure alternative aux mesures relatives de l’effet d’un traitement notamment dans le cas de non proportionnalité des risques de décès. Le bénéfice de survie restreint correspond à la différence des survies moyennes entre deux bras de traitement et s’exprime en nombre d’années de vie gagnées. Dans la littérature, cette mesure est présentée comme plus intuitive que le hazard ratio et plusieurs auteurs ont proposé son utilisation pour le design et l’analyse d’un essai clinique. Toutefois, ce n’est pas actuellement la mesure qui est utilisée de manière courante dans les essais randomisés. Cette mesure s’applique quelle que soit la distribution des temps de survie et est adaptée si l’hypothèse des risques proportionnels n’est pas respectée. De plus, le bénéfice de survie restreint peut être utilisé en évaluation médico-économique où la mesure d’un effet absolu est nécessaire (nombre d’années de vie gagnées pondérées ou non par la qualité de vie). Si l’on souhaite estimer le bénéfice de survie restreint à partir d’une méta-analyse sur données individuelles, se pose alors la question de prendre en compte l’effet essai dû à la structure hiérarchique des données. L’objectif de cette thèse était de comparer des méthodes statistiques d’estimation du bénéfice de survie restreint à partir de données individuelles d’une méta-analyse d’essais cliniques randomisés. Le point de départ a été une étude de cas (étude coût-efficacité) réalisée à partir des données de la Meta-Analysis of Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer. Cette étude a montré que les cinq méthodes d’estimation étudiées conduisaient à des estimations différentes du bénéfice de survie et de son intervalle de confiance. Le choix de la méthode d’estimation avait également un impact sur les résultats de l’analyse coût-efficacité. Un second travail a consisté à mener une étude de simulation pour mieux comprendre les propriétés des méthodes d’estimation considérées en termes de biais moyen et d’erreur-type. Enfin, la dernière partie de la thèse a mis en application les enseignements de cette étude de simulation au travers de trois méta-analyses sur données individuelles dans le cancer du nasopharynx et dans le cancer du poumon à petites cellules<br>The survival benefit restricted up to a certain time horizon has been suggested as an alternative measure to the common relative measures used to estimate the treatment effect, especially in case of non-proportional hazards of death. The restricted survival benefit corresponds to the difference of the two restricted mean survival times estimated for each treatment arm, and is expressed in terms of life years gained. In the literature, this measure is considered as more intuitive than the hazard ratio and many authors have suggested its use for the design and the analysis of clinical trials. However, it is not currently the most used measure in randomized trials. This measure is valid under any distribution of the survival times and is adapted if the proportional hazards assumption does not hold. In addition, the restricted survival benefit can be used in medico-economic evaluation where an absolute measure of the treatment effect is needed (number of [quality adjusted] life years gained). If one wants to estimate the restricted survival benefit from an individual participant data meta-analysis, there is a need to take into account the trial effect due to the hierarchical structure of the data. The aim of this thesis was to compare statistical methods to estimate the restricted survival benefit from an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized trials. The starting point was a case study (cost-effectiveness analysis) using data from the Meta-Analysis of Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer. This study showed that the five investigated methods yielded different estimates for the restricted survival benefit and its confidence interval. The choice of a method to estimate the survival benefit also impacted on cost-effectiveness results. Our second project consisted in a simulation study to have a better understanding of the properties of the investigated methods in terms of bias and standard error. Finally, the last part of the thesis illustrated the lessons learned from the simulation study through three examples of individual participant data meta-analysis in nasopharynx cancer and in small cell lung cancer
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Aukema, Brian Henry. "Impact of multiple natural enemies attacking a common, phloeophagous herbivore in a restricted habitat : sequence, behaviour, and interactions /." 2003. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Books on the topic "Restricted and common"

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Newport International Group│ Restricted Common Stock. Jolly Bee, 2013.

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Downing, Nicholas. Orthopaedic injuries to the hand and wrist. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0028.

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Almost any type of hand injury can occur during sport and few, if any, hand-specific injuries occur uniquely during sporting activity. Therefore this chapter will be restricted to injuries that are part of the common spectrum of hand and wrist injuries but are also commonly sustained during sporting activity....
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Blom, Henk J., Mirian C. H. Janssen, and Manuel Schiff. Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Deficiency or Classical Homocystinuria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0019.

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Inherited homocystinurias have in common accumulation of homocysteine and encompass two distinctive entities: classical homocystinuria due to cystathionine β‎-synthase (CBS) deficiency and the rare inborn errors of cobalamin and folate metabolism. The natural history of CBS deficiency, the subject of this chapter, is well described compared to the other forms of homocystinurias. Untreated patients may be asymptomatic or have one or more of the following symptoms: severe mental handicaps, psychiatric disturbances, ectopia lentis, osteoporosis, Marfanoid habitus, or thromboembolic complications. Current treatment options are based on therapy with vitamin B6, folate, B12, or betaine and institution of a protein- or methionine-restricted diet.
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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 50-Year-Old Woman with Burning Feet. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0020.

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Small-fiber neuropathy typically presents with burning pain or with widespread brief stabbing pains, by atypical presentations including asymmetric sensory symptoms are common. Nerve conduction studies are usually normal, as this disorder test only interrogates large fiber function; in small-fiber neuropathy the pathology is restricted to smaller unmyelinated fibers. Autonomic neuropathy can accompany the painful peripheral neuropathy but can be difficult to recognize since the symptoms can be protean. In this chapter, clinical characteristics of small-fiber and autonomic neuropathy are discussed. Various diagnostic modalities are described, including the benefits and pitfalls of available options. The most common conditions causing small-fiber and autonomic neuropathy are reviewed. The controversy surrounding impaired glucose tolerance as an etiological factor is dicusssed. We discuss the available medications and outline a rational approach to treatment.
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Howe, Peter. Craniosynostosis Repair. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0028.

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Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant skull fuses prematurely. This may lead to restricted skull and brain growth and elevated intracranial pressure. Many children with craniosynostosis undergo corrective cranioplasty in infancy, an age when the skull is relatively large in proportion to the rest of the body. Depending on the operation, it is common for blood loss to be substantial and exceed the child's estimated blood volume (EBV). Managing this blood loss is challenging and requires careful planning for fluid and blood product administration. Some children also have craniofacial syndromes that are associated with airway obstruction and difficult intubation.
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Nissinen, Martti. Ancient Prophecy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808558.001.0001.

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This book is a comprehensive treatment of the ancient prophetic phenomenon as it comes to us through biblical, Near Eastern, and Greek sources. Once a distinctly biblical concept, prophecy is today acknowledged as yet another form of divination and a phenomenon that can be found all over the ancient Eastern Mediterranean. Even Greek oracle, traditionally discussed separately from biblical and Mesopotamian prophecy, is essentially part of the same picture. The book gives an up-to-date presentation of textual sources, whether cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, the Hebrew Bible, Greek inscriptions, or ancient historians, the number of which has increased substantially in recent times. In addition, the book includes comparative essays on topics such as prophetic ecstasy; temples as venues of prophetic performances; prophets and political rulers; and the prophets’ gender which can be either male, female, or non-gendered. The book argues for a common category of ancient Eastern Mediterranean prophecy, even though the fragmentary and secondary nature of the sources allows only a restricted view to it. The ways prophetic divination manifests itself in ancient sources depend not only on the socio-religious position of the prophets but also on the genre and purpose of the sources. The book shows that, even though the view of the ancient prophetic landscape is restricted by the fragmentary and secondary nature of the sources, it is possible to reconstruct essential features of prophetic divination.
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Leruth, Benjamin. The Europeanization of the Welfare State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790266.003.0009.

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Since the ratification of the Treaty of Rome in 1957, the European integration project has been committed to reducing inequalities between member states. However, social inequalities remain high, and public support for the welfare state varies between countries. Some experts have suggested a common European social policy. This chapter analyses recent developments and future prospects at the European Union level. After discussing the initial ambitions of social policy harmonization, it focuses on the role of the EU during the Great Recession by examining the range of policy responses advocated by Brussels in order to fight against a multi-faceted crisis. These are dominated by the tightening of austerity, but include social investment and greater labour market flexibility. The final section reflects on the future of European integration after Brexit. It argues that further common policy development is only likely through agreements restricted to a particular a number of member states in an ‘ever more differentiated Europe’.
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Dondorp, Arjen M. Other tropical diseases in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0294.

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A wide range of tropical infectious diseases can cause critical illness. Knowledge of the local epidemiology where the disease is acquired is essential. In addition, local resistance patterns of common bacterial pathogens can be very different in tropical countries, so that antibiotic regimens might need adaptation. The ‘surviving sepsis’ guidelines are not always appropriate for the treatment of tropical sepsis. Both diseases require a more restricted fluid management. Leptospirosis is another important tropical disease that can cause sepsis with liver and renal failure or ARDS with pulmonary haemorrhages. Neglected tropical diseases causing neurological syndromes include trypanosomiasis (Sub-Saharan Africa) and rabies. Several viruses in the tropics can cause encephalitis. Recent epidemics of respiratory viruses causing life-threatening pneumonia have had their origins in tropical countries, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, influenza A subtype H5N1 (‘avian influenza’), and recently Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
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Grare, Frédéric. India and Australia’s Paradoxical Strategic Relationship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859336.003.0006.

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After decades of mutual indifference, India’s and Australia’s strategic interests are converging. Both countries share increasing apprehension about China’s rise. Yet, despite a common concern regarding Chinese assertiveness and growing trade between the two countries, engagement remains limited. Both states see a lot of risk but few security benefits in appearing confrontational toward China. Moreover, their respective partnerships with the United States constrain the development of their bilateral security relations as they feel no need to deviate from their current parallel trajectory. In that sense the relations between India and Australia illustrate the limits of the Look East Policy. Deep ambivalence persists between the two countries and defence cooperation is largely restricted to soft security and dialogue. Both sides remain cautious about giving the relationship a strategic significance that could be interpreted as the beginning of a coalition against China.
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Sime, Stuart. 2. Funding Litigation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.0107.

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This chapter discusses the issue of funding litigation. Solicitors have a professional duty to advise clients on litigation funding options. The advice and agreed funding method should be confirmed in writing in a ‘client care letter’. Most commercial clients pay their lawyers under the traditional retainer, normally with an agreed hourly rate. Conditional free agreements (CFAs) or ‘no win, no fee’ agreements are increasingly common. They allow a lawyer to agree not to charge the client if the proceedings are unsuccessful, but to charge an uplift or ‘success fee’ of up to 100 per cent over the solicitor’s usual costs if the proceedings are successful. Damages-based agreements (DBAs) are a form of contingency fee agreement under which the lawyer is paid out of the sums recovered in the proceedings. Public funding is restricted to individuals with modest income and capital, and there are wide exclusions from the scheme.
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Book chapters on the topic "Restricted and common"

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Clifford, Raphaël, Zvi Gotthilf, Moshe Lewenstein, and Alexandru Popa. "Restricted Common Superstring and Restricted Common Supersequence." In Combinatorial Pattern Matching. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21458-5_39.

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Wickramasekera, Ian. "A Model of the Common “Active Ingredient” in Stress Reduction Techniques." In Clinical and Experimental Restricted Environmental Stimulation. Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8583-7_8.

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Bonizzoni, Paola, Riccardo Dondi, Giancarlo Mauri, and Italo Zoppis. "Restricted and Swap Common Superstring: A Parameterized View." In Parameterized and Exact Computation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33293-7_7.

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Knei-Paz, Baruch. "Restricted and Inclusive Historical Materialism: A Comment." In Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4566-1_6.

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Omodei, Mary, Alexander Wearing, and Jim McLennan. "Relative Efficacy of an Open Versus a Restricted Communication Structure for Command and Control Decision Making." In The Human in Command. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4229-2_25.

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Schroeder, Werner. "The Rule of Law As a Value in the Sense of Article 2 TEU: What Does It Mean and Imply?" In Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_5.

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AbstractThe rule of law is a value on which the European Union is founded, and which shall be respected and observed by its Member States. This value is not merely an ethical standard but a binding legal principle that is applicable to legal disputes under Union law. The treaties, however, do not provide a definition of this principle. From a Union law perspective, it is therefore indispensable to determine the rule of law more precisely; not only is it referred to in treaty law (Article 2 TEU), but understood by Union courts as a constitutional meta-principle that informs other constitutional norms and may justify review proceedings and sanctions against Member States. The Commission Framework to strengthen the Rule of Law of 2014 does not suffice to shape a ‘Union rule of law’. It relies primarily on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Yet, this judicial concept of the rule of law is somehow restricted as it focuses almost exclusively on the role of the judicial branch in the Union’s constitutional system. Common European constitutional traditions, however, show that the core concern of the rule of law is the containment of public authority by institutional arrangements. In view of these traditions and the practice of the Union institutions, including the CJEU, consensus at the Union level might be achieved on the fact that the rule of law comprises not only strictly formal standards, but also material criteria of justice related to the juridical shaping of decision-making processes. These elements of the rule of law are intrinsically linked to fundamental rights and shall ensure that within the scope of Union law any public power is exercised in a non-arbitrary and legitimate way. To this end, the Union rule of law may not only be understood as a formal set of objective norms, but as ensuring the protection of individual rights as well.
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Baker, John. "Family interests and settlements at common law." In Baker and Milsom Sources of English Legal History. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847809.003.0003.

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The cases in this chapter relate to property provisions for widows (dower), widowers (curtesy), younger sons, and daughters. A group of reports throws light on the difficulties in interpreting conditional gifts restricted to descendants, culminating in the Statute De Donis (1285) and its outcome, the statutory fee tail. Later reports show the perplexity occasioned over the legal nature of the fee tail and its durability. There are also discussions of the common recovery as a method of barring the entail, of the concept of the remainder, and of doubts about the validity of contingent remainders.
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Bennett, Brandon, and Anthony G. Cohn. "Automated Common-sense Spatial Reasoning: Still a Huge Challenge." In Human-Like Machine Intelligence. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862536.003.0020.

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Achieving “commonsense reasoning” capabilities has been one of the goals of AI since its inception. However, as Marcus and Davis have recently argued, “Common sense is not just the hardest problem for AI; in the long run, it’s also the most important problem”. Moreover, it is generally accepted that space (and time) underlie much of what we regard as commonsense reasoning. Despite many successes in dealing with particular restricted types of spatial information, the development of a system capable of carrying out automated spatial reasoning of similar diversity to what one finds in ordinary natural language descriptions, seems to be a long way off. The chapter gives a general (though not comprehensive) overview of the goal of automating commonsense spatial reasoning by means of symbolic representations and reasoning. Existing work is surveyed, the nature of the goal clarified, and the problem analysed into seven interacting sub-problems.
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Satz, Helmut. "Communication and Language." In The Rules of the Flock. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853398.003.0018.

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Communication in animal swarms is restricted to concrete events in the present. The collective development of language provided humanity with a new tool to register and communicate past and future events as well as abstract concepts. All human languages follow Zipf’s law, indicating a common structure.
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Bedford, Saashi A., Michelle Hunsche, and Connor M. Kerns. "Co-occurrence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder." In Complexities in Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190052775.003.0018.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and, similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), restricted and repetitive behaviors. The restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests that are characteristic of ASD often resemble the obsessions and compulsions of OCD, which can make it difficult to distinguish or differentiate the two conditions. A common challenge in diagnosing comorbid ASD and OCD is the apparent overlap in symptoms between the two disorders. This chapter discusses the differentiation between OCD and ASD, the assessment and diagnosis of OCD within the context of ASD, and the treatment of this presentation of OCD.
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Conference papers on the topic "Restricted and common"

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Zhang, Zhipeng, Xiang Liu, and Zheyong Bian. "Analysis of Restricted-Speed Accidents Using Fault Tree Analysis." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6130.

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Restricted speed is the speed that permits stopping within one-half the range of vision, normally not exceeding 20 miles per hour. The occurrences of some severe accidents at restricted speeds have highlighted the importance of safety improvements in restricted-speed operations. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has identified restricted-speed violations as a common rule compliance problem. Nevertheless, little prior research has been conducted on the analysis of train operations and safety risk under restricted speeds. This paper used Fault Tree Analysis to explore scenarios for restricted-speed operations to identify failure paths that lead to train accidents. Understanding restricted-speed train accident causal chains and corresponding structural representations of relevant contributory precursors can contribute to more accurate estimation of restricted-speed risk. Four recent restricted-speed accidents were studied based on the information from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and FRA. This study may serve as a reference leading to the further development of quantitative risk assessment and the evaluation of risk mitigation strategies for restricted-speed operations.
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Awasthi, Abhishek, Jörg Lässig, and Oliver Kramer. "Un-restricted Common Due-Date Problem with Controllable Processing Times - Linear Algorithm for a Given Job Sequence." In 17th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005398205260534.

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Dodson, Reuben Blair, Paul J. Rozance, Esther Reina-Romo, Virginia L. Ferguson, and Kendall S. Hunter. "Hyperelastic Model of Collagen Fiber Orientation in the Fetal Growth Restricted Carotid Artery." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80256.

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication that is associated with hypertension in the developing fetal sheep [1]. Hypertension reduces arterial compliance, introducing health problems such as increased overall hydraulic impedance and cardiac workload [2, 3]. Both organ resistance and vascular compliance are critical factors in the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [3–5] with IUGR infants showing high incidence of CVD as adults [6]. Changes in circulation and the associated intrinsic hemodynamic forces during critical gestation influence the formation of the vessels, creating stiffer, less compliant arteries. While IUGR vessels are significantly stiffer than controls, the structural remodeling in response to hypertension is not biochemically quantitative and is believed to be due to fiber alignment [7].
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Singh, Om, Suneet Singh, and Shireesh B. Kedare. "Effect of Thermal Radiation on Accuracy of Restricted Domain Approach in a Square Open Cavity." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66380.

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To reduce computational time for simulation of natural convection in open cavities, it is quite common to use a domain restricted to the cavity with approximate boundary conditions at the cavity opening. It had been shown that such approach leads to quite accurate solutions for high Rayleigh number (Ra) flows. Such approach has been extended to flows involving radiative heat transfer as well. However, it is important to note that the effect of radiation on the accuracy of restricted domain approach has not been evaluated. In the present work, a comparison of Nusselt numbers is obtained by restricted domain approach with those obtained by using extended domain approach. The convective as well as radiative Nusselt numbers are considered for comparison for various values of Ra and radiation conduction parameter (Nr). It is observed that the accuracy of the restricted domain approach varies with the radiation conduction parameter as well and the approach is found to be quite accurate for high values of Nr.
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Ionescu, Lara C., Grant H. Garcia, Tiffany L. Zachry, Gregory C. Lee, Brian J. Sennett, and Robert L. Mauck. "In Vitro Meniscus Integration Potential is Inversely Correlated With Tissue Maturation State." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19369.

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Meniscal surgeries are amongst the most common procedures performed in orthopedics today. Clinical solutions are few and have limited success, and so partial meniscectomy is a common outcome. While tears are common in older patients, few young patients present with meniscus damage. It is unclear whether juvenile menisci are less susceptible to damage or more given to endogenous repair. Early in development, the menisci are well vascularized throughout their radial expanse, while in adults, vascularity is restricted to the peripheral rim of the tissue, near the synovial margin [1]. Tears in this vascular region often do heal in adults, while those in the avascular inner regions of the tissue do not [2]. This has led to the inference that vascularity is essential for meniscus healing and this manner of thinking has directed numerous repair strategies toward that end [3].
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Lupascu, Galina, and Svetlana Gavzer. "Variabilitatea şi heritabilitatea vigorii boabelor de grâu comun la interacţiunea cu Drechslera Sorokiniana." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.68.

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The article presents data on the effects of the interaction of common wheat with the fungus Drechslera sorokiniana on grain vigor. Its differentiated action on germination and seedling length (LP) was found. The vigor index (VI) depended more on LP (r = 0.90 *) than on the germination 278 level (r = 0.52 *, p≤0.05). The coefficient of heritability in the broad sense (h2) was 71.3% for LP and 60.1% – for VI. The association of h2 and genetic progress with high values reveals the pronounced contribution of additive genetic variance in the control of the vigor index, which offers increased opportunities in the selection of wheat plants resistant to this pathogen in restricted terms.
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Iwase, Tatsuya, Sebastian Stein, and Enrico H. Gerding. "A Polynomial-time, Truthful, Individually Rational and Budget Balanced Ridesharing Mechanism." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/38.

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Ridesharing has great potential to improve transportation efficiency while reducing congestion and pollution. To realize this potential, mechanisms are needed that allocate vehicles optimally and provide the right incentives to riders. However, many existing approaches consider restricted settings (e.g., only one rider per vehicle or a common origin for all riders). Moreover, naive applications of standard approaches, such as the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves or greedy mechanisms, cannot achieve a polynomial-time, truthful, individually rational and budget balanced mechanism. To address this, we formulate a general ridesharing problem and apply mechanism design to develop a novel mechanism which satisfies all four properties and whose social cost is within 8.6% of the optimal on average.
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Baran, Utku, Kivanc Hedili, Selim Olcer, and Hakan Urey. "FR4 Electromagnetic Scanner Based Fourier Transform Spectrometer." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48161.

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Fourier transform spectrometers require an interferometric optical setup, where a precisely controlled motion of a mirror on a moving stage and a reference mirror are required. FR4, a common printed circuit board substrate, and the standard PCB technology is used to develop a simple gimbaled scanner structure with high precision to implement into a low-cost and viable Fourier Transform Spectrometer. On top of the corner cube reflector based tilt-insensitive setup, magnetic actuation optimization using twin opposing magnets solution is found to be helpful to enhance interference data. Large Lorentz force is generated for out-of-plane deflection while the torsional motion of the scanner is restricted. ±162.8um out-of-plane translation at 149 Hz resonance is realized with torsion effect deteriorated result which corresponds to &lt;1nm spectral resolution at visible wavelengths.
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Saathoff, Fokke, Stefan Cantré, and Jan Olschewski. "The Need for Multifunctional Dikes in Europe – the MultiDikes Project Concept." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.038.

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In Europe there is a considerable interest in new flood protection technologies. In case of sea or river dikes, the land consumption is an important issue, particularly in densely populated urban areas or when other land uses are compromised. However, dikes are generally restricted to the function of flood protection. Only few additional functions are common, such as roads and pathways, which often cause difficulties regarding the planning, construction and maintenance of dikes. The concept of dikes with multiple functions is therefore new. Some innovations are being developed in the Netherlands while in Germany and the rest of Europe these concepts are yet unknown – with the exception of a new prospect regarding woody plants on dams and dikes which is under investigation in Austria and Germany. The lack of multifunctionality also results from the respective laws and regulations, in which the usability of dike construction is strongly restricted. This should be discussed and rethought. The need for multifunctional dike concepts was approved by the German BMBF by funding a seed money project for a duration of 2 years. In this preparatory project, a larger EU cooperation project will be developed, in which the need for multifunctional flood protections and possible solutions will be investigated for different model regions around Europe. This paper presents the general concept and first ideas with the aim of finding additional partners and to start the discussion in the geotechnical research community.
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Prates Junior, Nelson Gonçalves, Andressa Vergutz, Ricardo Tombesi Macedo, and Michele Nogueira. "Análise de Vazamentos Temporais Side-Channel no Contexto da Internet das Coisas." In XXIV Workshop de Gerência e Operação de Redes e Serviços. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wgrs.2019.7690.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) emerged because of the technologicalevolution of wireless sensor networks, which enabled these sensors to integrate with common objects. These objects are equipped with sensors and actuatorscollect data from users and the environment, process them, and transform theminto useful information. By allowing the transmission of restricted / personaldata, communication traffic between devices becomes an interesting target forattackers who either access or manipulate them. However, even with cryptographic data, side-channel attacks exploit the characteristics of devices forthe purpose of acquiring information that may compromise the security of thenetwork structure. This work presents a way of characterizing the identical IoT dispositives by only exploring the time information. It carried the activitiesout such as structuring an experimental scenario, collecting traffic, extractingstatistical characteristics and finally identifying the dispositives. The results show we can identify even identical devices with up to 100% of accuracy.
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