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1
Martorana, Margherita, Tobias Kuhn, Ronald Siebes, and Jacco van Ossenbruggen. "Aligning restricted access data with FAIR: a systematic review." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (July 20, 2022): e1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1038.
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Understanding the complexity of restricted research data is vitally important in the current new era of Open Science. While the FAIR Guiding Principles have been introduced to help researchers to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable, it is still unclear how the notions of FAIR and Openness can be applied in the context of restricted data. Many methods have been proposed in support of the implementation of the principles, but there is yet no consensus among the scientific community as to the suitable mechanisms of making restricted data FAIR. We present here a systematic literature review to identify the methods applied by scientists when researching restricted data in a FAIR-compliant manner in the context of the FAIR principles. Through the employment of a descriptive and iterative study design, we aim to answer the following three questions: (1) What methods have been proposed to apply the FAIR principles to restricted data?, (2) How can the relevant aspects of the methods proposed be categorized?, (3) What is the maturity of the methods proposed in applying the FAIR principles to restricted data?. After analysis of the 40 included publications, we noticed that the methods found, reflect the stages of the Data Life Cycle, and can be divided into the following Classes: Data Collection, Metadata Representation, Data Processing, Anonymization, Data Publication, Data Usage and Post Data Usage. We observed that a large number of publications used ‘Access Control‘ and ‘Usage and License Terms’ methods, while others such as ‘Embargo on Data Release’ and the use of ‘Synthetic Data’ were used in fewer instances. In conclusion, we are presenting the first extensive literature review on the methods applied to confidential data in the context of FAIR, providing a comprehensive conceptual framework for future research on restricted access data.
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Haider, Zaglul. "Biharis in Bangladesh and Their Restricted Access to Citizenship Rights." South Asia Research 38, no. 3_suppl (August 23, 2018): 25S—42S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728018791695.
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The Urdu-speaking Biharis of Bangladesh have been facing obstructions in enjoying full citizenship rights since Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in 1971. This minority, living on the fringes of Bangladeshi society, still mostly in camps, experiences discrimination particularly in obtaining passports and other travel and identity documents, despite legal assertions that they are citizens. Using theoretical and empirical research, the article seeks to identify the extent of this denial of sociopolitical and legal rights. The research finds discriminatory policies and practices in public service delivery at local levels, regarding access to public education and employment, but especially concerning passports and driver’s licences. This supports a conclusion that the Biharis of Bangladesh remain even today effectively stateless. Not fully protected by the bureaucratic state structures that should be engaged in non-discriminatory public service delivery, they are defrauded of basic rights and equal opportunities, notably the freedom to travel.
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Huh, Sun. "PubMed Central as a platform for the survival of open-access biomedical society journals published in Korea." Science Editing 8, no. 2 (August 20, 2021): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.6087/kcse.247.
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Twenty-one years have passed since PubMed Central (PMC) launched. The present case study describes Korean editors’ history of participation in PMC and their contributions to PMC. The three main turning points in the history of Korean editors’ involvement with PMC were as follows: first, the production of PMC XML files and deposition starting in 2008; second, thorough evaluations of applying journals since 2014; and third, the feasibility of non-English journals being indexed in PMC starting in 2019. The importance of PMC is further shown by the fact that KoreaMed Synapse, a full-text XML database of biomedical journals in Korea that was launched in 2007, was created by benchmarking PMC. Scholarly societies or institutes publish 724 (34.2%) of the 2,119 PMC journals without embargo in June 2021. Out of those 724 journals, 127 (17.5%) are published in Korea. PMC has helped local journals receive more citations from researchers worldwide, increasing their likelihood of being indexed in international databases. The number of submissions from international researchers has increased, thereby making it possible for journals to achieve international diversity. As the best full-text platform of biomedical journals, PMC has provided an excellent opportunity for biomedical journal editors in Korea to change their journals’ language to English and produce full-text JATS (Journal Article Tag Suite) XML files. These factors have made Korea the second-ranked country in terms of no-embargo PMC journals published by academic societies or institutes.
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Behrend, Dawn. "CINAHL Ultimate." Charleston Advisor 24, no. 3 (January 1, 2023): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.24.3.14.
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The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Ultimate is a subscription aggregate health and allied health sciences database available exclusively from EBSCO. CINAHL Ultimate is the premier product in a lineup of five tiered versions, including CINAHL, CINAHL with Full Text, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and CINAHL Complete. The database is widely used by educators, students, researchers, and practitioners. CINAHL Ultimate is valued for its substantial indexing of publications core to the nursing and allied health field, use of the MeSH structure for subject headings, and numerous options for advanced searching specific to the needs of the health sciences. The collection indexes more than 3,800 journals beginning in 1937, with 925 being offered full text from non‐open access journals and with a substantial number with no embargo. In particular, the number of full-text, peer-reviewed journals with no embargo available from non‐open access sources is a significant upgrade from CINAHL Complete, and one that may very likely justify the additional investment. Value-added features include accredited continuing education modules, evidence-based care sheets, and quick lessons. With contributing publishers from 73 countries, the majority hail from the United States and the United Kingdom. Some potential drawbacks for those considering CINAHL Ultimate may be the lack of video-based continuing education content and source material beyond academic journals, as well as the limited emphasis on international perspectives; such perspectives may be more evident in competitors such as ProQuest’s Nursing & Allied Health Premium and MEDLINE Ultimate.
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Millhorn, Jim. "Sociology Source Ultimate." Charleston Advisor 21, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.21.2.37.
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EBSCO’s Sociology Source Ultimate is the latest iteration of SocIndex and SocIndex full-text. The database purports to offer the broadest purview of sociological research and related literature. Sociology Source Ultimate stands out from its predecessors in the degree and extent of its full text journal offerings including 1,072 full-text journals of which 1,009 are peer reviewed, 647 peer reviewed without embargo, and 601 full text offerings that are covered by either Web of Science or Scopus. In addition, the database offers full-text access to thousands of monographs, edited volumes, conference papers and proceedings, reports, working papers, etc. Subject coverage ranges from deviant behavior to gender identity to social movements. A particularly notable feature of the database is its expansive coverage of international and foreign language journals.
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Shevchenko, Maryna, and Alla Solianyk. "The State of Digitization of Documentary Heritage in Scientific Libraries of Ukraine." Knygotyra 79 (January 1, 2023): 223–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2022.79.126.
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Based on the survey results of the leading scientific libraries of Ukraine, the article reveals the current trends in the digitization of library collections. The authors explore the current state of search services for digitized documents by libraries; user access modes to digital copies of documents (public, restricted, local); the ways to register the users for access to full-text digital repositories. The necessity of adopting the National Program for Digitization of Documentation Heritage and its implementation at the corporate level is substantiated. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of digitization of documents by libraries of Ukraine, improving search tools and user-friendly access to digital repositories are given.
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Smits, Nathalie G. E., Toine F. H. Bovee, Sidharam P. Pujari, Leendert A. van Ginkel, Michel W. F. Nielen, and Bauke Albada. "Microsphere Peptide-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin in Injection Preparations." Biosensors 12, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12030138.
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The use of peptides in immunoassays can be favored over the use of the full protein when more cost effective or less toxic approaches are needed, or when access to the full protein is lacking. Due to restricted access to recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST), a protein enhancing growth and lactating performances of livestock, which use has been banned in the EU, Canada and Australia (amongst others), we developed a peptide-based biorecognition assay on an imaging planar array analyzer. For this, we identified the rbST epitope that is responsible for binding to the rbST-targeting monoclonal antibody 4H12 (MAb 4H12) to be 115DLEEGILALMR125. This linear peptide was synthesized and coupled to microspheres, after which it was tested in a biorecognition competitive inhibition assay format. We observed IC50 values of approximately 0.11 μg mL−1, which are lower than observed for the full rbST protein (IC50 = 0.20 μg mL−1). Importantly, there was no binding with the scrambled peptide. Preliminary results of directly coupled peptides in a microsphere biorecognition assay for detection of rbST are presented. Real-life applicability for detection of somatotropins (STs) in injection preparations of bovine-, porcine- and equine ST are shown. This newly developed immunoassay strongly supports future developments of peptide-based immunoassays to circumvent the limited access to the full protein.
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Nicolaisen, Heidi. "Increasingly Equalized? A Study of Part-Time Work in ‘Old’ and ‘New’ Part-Time Work Regimes." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v1i1.2337.
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Recent debates on equalization of part-time work alongside full-time work stress the importance of high quality part-time jobs. This paper compares equalization in banking in three countries: two `old´ part-time work regimes, Norway and Sweden, and Ireland, where part-time work started to increase more recently. Banking is particularly interesting as a sector with a high proportion of female employment and good working conditions. One main interest is the role of regulations and how they are enforced at company level. The analysis shows that part-time work in the Nordic countries is normalized in terms of access and general work conditions, while in Ireland access is more restricted. Career opportunities are, however, restricted in all three countries. This paper argues that further equalization may be hindered by `soft´ regulations and a gradual normalization process that also normalizes disadvantages associated with part-time work and the category of the `working mother´.
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Stamatiou, Yannis C., Constantinos Halkiopoulos, Athanasios Giannoulis, and Hera Antonopoulou. "Utilizing a Restricted Access e-Learning Platform for Reform, Equity, and Self-development in Correctional Facilities." Emerging Science Journal 6 (December 28, 2022): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-sied-017.
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Objectives: The goal of this paper is to address the issues that arose because of the exclusion of law offenders in the Greek Correctional Institutions from second chance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. During this period, the offenders were deprived of their right to equal access to second-chance education since the pandemics blocked mobility and close contact with teaching personnel. Methods/Analysis: In this paper, we propose a framework based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that will be deployed to evaluate the acceptance of the CILMS by the learners in Correctional Institutions. We describe a methodology and a set of hypotheses that can reveal the intention of learners to use the system based on several factors, such as trust, perception of privacy, perception of usefulness, and perception of self-efficacy. Findings: We suggest that eLearning and limited Internet access should be added to the list of fundamental human rights for CI detainees as well, in order to counteract their separation from physical society. Inmates are still individuals. In fact, they should be placed in solitary confinement as prescribed by the law. Novelty/Improvement:This viewpoint has been demonstrated with the development and evaluation of acceptance by inmates through the TAM technology acceptance methodology, as well as the proposal of a generic privacy-preserving Web information and services access model for CIs that can, at the same time, provide sufficient information access freedom while respecting the restrictions that should be imposed on such an access for CI inmates. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-SIED-017 Full Text: PDF
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Tournadre, Nicolas, and Randy J. LaPolla. "Towards a new approach to evidentiality." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 240–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.37.2.04tou.
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Evidentiality is often defined as the grammatical means of expressing information source. This paper argues for a broader definition of evidentials, as close work documenting languages has shown that simply saying evidentials mark source of information does not capture all of the actual uses of evidential marking. The paper discusses other aspects that need to be taken account of in any full discussion of the use of evidential marking, in particular the speaker’s access to information (not just source), plus the subjective strategy or perspective of the speaker in representing a particular state of affairs. The notion of ‘source’ in this paper is used in a restricted sense to mean primarily a verbal source of information (reported information) and is distinguished from ‘access’, which refers to the non-verbal access to information (sensory, inferential, etc., including the sensory access to verbal source) available to the speaker, though marking of source and access may appear together. Given this distinction the paper proposes a new definition of evidential marking: the representation of source and access to information according to the speaker’s perspective and strategy.
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P. Pitol, Scott, and Sandra L. De Groote. "Google Scholar versions: do more versions of an article mean greater impact?" Library Hi Tech 32, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 594–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-05-2014-0039.
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Purpose – The growing dominance of Google Scholar (GS) as a first-stop resource for scholars and researchers demands investigation of its influence on citation patterns, freedom of information, and scholarly communication. The purpose of this paper is to break new ground in understanding the various versions GS indexes, correlations between the number of GS versions and citation counts, and the value of institutional repositories for increasing scholarly impact. Design/methodology/approach – GS listings for 982 articles in several academic subjects from three universities were analyzed for GS version types, including any institutional repository versions, citation rates, and availability of free full-text. Findings – First, open access articles were cited more than articles that were not available in free full-text. While journal publisher web sites were indexed most often, only a small number of those articles were available as free full-text. Second, there is no correlation between the number of versions of an article and the number of times an article has been cited. Third, viewing the “versions” of an article may be useful when publisher access is restricted, as over 70 percent of articles had at least one free full-text version available through an indexed GS version. Originality/value – This paper investigates GS versions as an alternative source for a scholarly article. While other articles have looked at GS through various lenses, the authors believe this specific aspect of the topic has not been previously explored.
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Howard-Jones, P., J. Hцlscher, and D. Radicic. "Firm productivity in the western Balkans: The impact of European Union membership and access to finance." Ekonomski anali 62, no. 215 (2017): 7–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1715007h.
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This study examines the productivity performance of Balkan firms within and outside the European Union (EU), including the influence of loans. A multiple treatment model is used to compare the effects on productivity of membership and loans both separately and collectively, which in the case of loans allows a separate analysis of their influence on firms in non-member states. The use of conditional quantile regressions measures the effect on productivity of membership and loans separately as treatment variables. This provides an analysis of where the treatment influence is greatest across the distribution curve and identifies the significance of selected control variables on the outcome. In the full sample, the findings indicate that EU membership and loans have a positive effect on productivity, with membership being more important than loans. Outside the EU, firms in receipt of loans are more productive than those without. However, the significance of both membership and loans is restricted to the lower end of the productivity distribution curve. The manufacturing sample shows that EU membership has a significant positive effect across 70% of the deciles measured, whilst the influence of loans is restricted to the lower deciles, with rental capital (leasing) also positively significant in the lower four deciles. In the services sector, however, membership is significant up to 90% of the distribution, with loans at 60%.
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Koos, Jessica A. "Green Deposit Rates in LIS Taylor & Francis Journals: Are Librarians “Practicing What They Preach?”." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29560.
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A Review of:
Emery, J. (2017). How green is our valley: Five year study of selected LIS journals from Taylor & Francis for green open access. Insights, 31(23). http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.406
Abstract
Objective – To investigate the green deposit rate for articles published in five Taylor & Francis LIS journals.
Design – Content analysis.
Setting – The author conducted an analysis of the following journals: Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, Collection Management, College & Undergraduate Libraries, Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship and Journal of Library Administration.
Subjects – 87 articles/columns in Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 78 in Collection Management, 134 in College & Undergraduate Libraries, 108 in Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, and 264 in Journal of Library Administration.
Methods – The author chose five Taylor & Francis LIS journals to analyze over a period of five years for the green open access article deposit rate. The author selected Taylor & Francis journals due to the publisher’s policy of not requiring an embargo period on LIS journals. The specific journal titles were selected based on the author’s perception of their relevance to a broad array of academic libraries. The author determined if green deposit had occurred by first using the “OA Button” on the article’s homepage to locate the full text. If nothing was found, the author then searched each author’s institutional repository using the DOI. If the full text was still not located using this method, then a Google Scholar search for the full text was performed.
Main Results – The author found that the full text was available for 22% of the 671 total articles included in the study, which was significantly below the author’s proposed success rate of 50%.
Conclusion – The results of this study indicate that a relatively low number of articles in the LIS field are available via open access, even though there were no restrictions from the publisher on green deposits. Some potential influencing factors for the low deposit rate include lack of encouragement from administration on utilizing repositories, imposter syndrome, and a lack of awareness of Taylor & Francis’s green deposit policies. The author recommends that librarians and their administrators support and encourage one another to make articles available via open access. The author also recommends that Taylor & Francis further publicize this policy to make more authors aware of it.
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Chauhan, Alka. "A Development of Fingerprint Based Biometric Cryptosystem." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4653–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44945.
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Abstract: This alludes to measurements identified or verified with human qualities. Biometrics techniques are validating is useful and utilized in the software testing or engineering as the any type of IDs and also access control. This is likewise used distinguish persons in collect or gatherings that are under re-co naissance. Biometric technique identifiers or validates are the particular, correct qualities used to identify name and depute individuals. The biometric validates or identifiers are frequently sorted as physiological vs behavioral (use as social) characteristics. The physiological or behavioral attributes are the identified or verified with the any part of the full body and we can see as well. Precedents incorporate, these are not any restricted to fingerprint impression, face, veins, DNA, hand geometry ,palm print bio, iris , eye retina and smell/odor/fragrance. The behavioral (like as Social) characteristics and attributes are verified or identified within this instance of conduct to a human like a man or women, including yet not also restricted to composing, walk, and human voice
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Jamwal, Shwetambri, Pawan Singh, and Rajneesh Thakur. "Effect of different rearing systems on behavioural responses to novel stimuli in Murrah buffalo calves." Buffalo Bulletin 41, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4144861.
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The study reported aimed to assess the effect of different rearing systems on behavioural responses to novel stimuli in Murrah buffalo calves. Calves in the experiment were grouped in three treatments in accordance with differed maternal interaction: dam-reared through fenceline (FMC; n = 8), restricted maternal contact (RMC; n = 8); no maternal contact (NMC; n = 8). FMC calves had permanent access to their mothers for first 5 days of birth and thereafter were housed in groups with fence line separation from their mothers and suckled twice a day. RMC calves had access to their mother only twice a day during the suckling hours. NMC calves were separated from their mothers within 24 h after birth and fed via bottle with nipple. Behavioral response of each calf toward novel object (a bright coloured ball) was evaluated on exposure during the test for three consecutive days across three months. The findings showed that buffalo calves that were given fence line contact with their mothers performed significantly (P<0.05) the best across all treatment groups in terms of response to a novel stimuli. Whereas the performance of calves with restricted contact with their mothers was superior to calves weaned at birth from their mothers, it was not on par with calves with full time fence line contact with their mothers, calves weaned at birth with no provision of maternal contact performed poorly in terms of behavioural response to novel stimuli.
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Akinkunmi, Akintunde, and Kevin Murray. "Inadequacies in the Mental Health Act, 1983 in Relation to Mentally Disordered Remand Prisoners." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 1 (January 1997): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700113.
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There are widely recognized problems regarding access to NHS facilities for mentally disordered remand prisoners (Robertson et al., 1994). The Bentham Unit was set up in February 1994 to provide the earliest possible hospital admission for mentally disordered remand prisoners. Over the first twelve months of the service's operation we assessed 150 and admitted 62 remand prisoners: a full description of the service is in preparation. Because admission is restricted to remand prisoners, the inadequacies of current legislation in allowing effective, uninterrupted care for remand transfers have become very apparent. There have been recent proposals to review the 1983 Mental Health Act (Murphy, 1995) and we suggest that provisions for assessment and treatment of mentally disordered remand prisoners should be revised in this context.
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Krenzke, Tom, Jane F. Gentleman, Jianzhu Li, and Chris Moriarity. "Addressing Disclosure Concerns and Analysis Demands in a Real-Time Online Analytic System." Journal of Official Statistics 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2013-0006.
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Abstract This article focuses on methods for enhancing access to survey data produced by government agencies. In particular, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is developing methods that could be used in an interactive, integrated, real-time online analytic system (OAS) to facilitate analysis by the public of both restricted and public use survey data. Data from NCHS’ National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) are being used to investigate, develop, and evaluate such methods. We assume the existence of public use microdata files, as is the case for the NHIS, so disclosure avoidance methods for such an OAS must account for that critical constraint. Of special interest is the analysis of state-level data because health care is largely administered at the state level in the U.S., and state identifiers are not on the NHIS public use files. This article describes our investigations of various possible choices of methods for statistical disclosure control and the challenges of providing such protection in a real-time OAS that uses restricted data. Full details about the specific disclosure control methods used by a working OAS could never be publicly released for confidentiality reasons. NCHS is still evaluating whether to implement an OAS that uses NHIS restricted data, and this article provides a snapshot of a research and developmental project in progress.
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Mulligan, Ea, and Annette Braunack-Mayer. "Why protect confidentiality in health records? A review of research evidence." Australian Health Review 28, no. 1 (2004): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040048.
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We present the main arguments for protecting the confidentiality of health services, along with those for limiting confidentiality. These arguments are then substantiated by reference to research evidence. There is evidence that access to health care is restricted if confidentiality is not promised to some groups of patients. Fear of disclosure does diminish patients? candour, and this can compromise the quality of care. While patients are concerned about confidentiality and some are harmed by ?leaks? from health services, most people in Australia still trust health providers to keep their secrets, and patients rarely become aware of a breach of confidence. It has been claimed that strict protection of confidentiality may obstruct the pursuit of medical research and the use of electronic medical records. There is, as yet, no evidence that gaining full benefit from the use of electronic medical records entails reduced protection for confidentiality. The losses to epidemiological research if patient consent were always required are hotly debated. Confidentiality should be protected because it protects patients from harm, supports access to health care and produces better health outcomes.
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Burford, Sally, and Sora Park. "The impact of mobile tablet devices on human information behaviour." Journal of Documentation 70, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-09-2012-0123.
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Purpose – Mobile computing devices are a significant access point for information activities. Theories and models of human information behaviour have developed over several decades but have not considered the role of the user's computing device in digital information interactions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the information behaviours of young adults when they are given unlimited access to mobile tablet devices. Design/methodology/approach – As information tasks, behaviours and communities shift into digital environments, a researcher of these phenomena is required to mirror that movement with techniques that allow a full exploration of human behaviour and interaction in the online world. Following Kozinets (2009), “netnography” (ethnography in online communities) is applied in this study and all data are collected online from within a community of iPad users, established for the research purpose. Findings – This study reveals that access to mobile tablet devices creates significant shifts in the behaviours of young adults whose lives are immersed in digital information. Mobile tablet devices establish the potential for constant access to digital information and that opportunity is grasped by the participants in this research. Extensive use of mobile device applications or “apps” establishes a more selected and restricted view of information than that encountered in the open and expansive World Wide Web. Originality/value – This paper invites extension to human information behaviour theories and models to include a consideration of computing access device and of new mobility and constancy of access – all of which changes the circumstances and behaviour of the information actor.
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Jha, Archana, Malini Ahuja, József Maléth, Claudia M. Moreno, Joseph P. Yuan, Min Seuk Kim, and Shmuel Muallem. "The STIM1 CTID domain determines access of SARAF to SOAR to regulate Orai1 channel function." Journal of Cell Biology 202, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201301148.
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Ca2+ influx by store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) mediates all Ca2+-dependent cell functions, but excess Ca2+ influx is highly toxic. The molecular components of SOC are the pore-forming Orai1 channel and the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1. Slow Ca2+-dependent inactivation (SCDI) of Orai1 guards against cell damage, but its molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we used homology modeling to identify a conserved STIM1(448–530) C-terminal inhibitory domain (CTID), whose deletion resulted in spontaneous clustering of STIM1 and full activation of Orai1 in the absence of store depletion. CTID regulated SCDI by determining access to and interaction of the STIM1 inhibitor SARAF with STIM1 Orai1 activation region (SOAR), the STIM1 domain that activates Orai1. CTID had two lobes, STIM1(448–490) and STIM1(490–530), with distinct roles in mediating access of SARAF to SOAR. The STIM1(448–490) lobe restricted, whereas the STIM1(490–530) lobe directed, SARAF to SOAR. The two lobes cooperated to determine the features of SCDI. These findings highlight the central role of STIM1 in SCDI and provide a molecular mechanism for SCDI of Orai1.
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Schorn, Mavis N., Carole Myers, Julie Barroso, Karen Hande, Tamika Hudson, Jennifer Kim, and Ruth Kleinpell. "Results of a National Survey: Ongoing Barriers to APRN Practice in the United States." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 23, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15271544221076524.
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Limited information is available on the barriers to practice for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) among states with full, restricted, and reduced practice. The purpose of this study is to identify practice barriers in relationship to United States (U.S.) state practice authority, APRN type, area of practice (rural, suburban, urban), and nature of practice (outpatient, inpatient, and both). An electronic survey of a convenience sample of APRNs was conducted to assess barriers to practice. Identified barriers were examined based on state practice environment, APRN role, practice setting, and location. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive analysis for quantitative data. Over 7,000 APRNs representing all 50 states participated. Themes that were identified and reported by respondents, included licensure and administrative barriers, therapy restrictions, physician signature requirements, a lack of collegiality, prescribing barriers, uneven reimbursement, physician only procedures, and telehealth issues. Barriers were identified in all states, regardless of the type of practice authority. All four APRN role types identified practice barriers, some of which were more frequent for some roles than others. Restrictions for home health approval and the requirement for a physician signature for durable medical supply orders were identified by over 40% of respondents practicing in rural areas. Barriers to APRN practice continue to restrict aspects of patient care and patient access to care, even in states with full practice authority. Continued efforts to reduce barriers to APRN practice are needed to ensure patient access to care, especially in rural areas.
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Riza, Nabeel A., and Nazim Ashraf. "First Demonstration of Calibrated Color Imaging by the CAOS Camera." Photonics 8, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120538.
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The Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) camera is a novel, single unit, full spectrum (UV to short-wave IR bands), linear, high dynamic range (HDR) camera. In this paper, calibrated color target imaging using the CAOS camera and a comparison to a commercial HDR CMOS camera is demonstrated for the first time. The first experiment using a calibrated color check chart indicates that although the CMOS sensor-based camera has an 87 dB manufacturer-specified HDR range, unrestricted usage of this CMOS camera’s output range greatly fails quality color recovery. On the other hand, the intrinsically linear full dynamic range operation CAOS camera color image recovery generally matches the restricted linear-mode commercial CMOS sensor-based camera recovery for the presented 39.5 dB non-HDR target that also matches the near 40 dB linear camera response function (CRF) range of the CMOS camera. Specifically, compared to the color checker chart manufacturer provided XYZ values for the calibrated target, percentage XYZ mean errors of 8.3% and 10.9% are achieved for the restricted linear range CMOS camera and CAOS camera, respectively. An alternate color camera assessment gives CIE ΔE00 mean values of 4.59 and 5.7 for the restricted linear range CMOS camera and CAOS camera, respectively. Unlike the CMOS camera lens optics and its photo-detection electronics, no special linear response optics and photo-detector designs were used for the experimental CAOS camera, nevertheless, a good and equivalent color recovery was achieved. Given the limited HDR linear range capabilities of a CMOS camera and the intrinsically wide linear HDR capability of a CAOS camera, a combined CAOS-CMOS mode of the CAOS smart camera is prudent and can empower HDR color imaging. Applications for such a hybrid camera includes still photography imaging, especially for quantitative imaging of biological samples, valuable artworks and archaeological artefacts that require authentic color data generation for reliable medical decisions as well as forgery preventing verifications.
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Mess, Andrea. "Placental Evolution within the Supraordinal Clades of Eutheria with the Perspective of Alternative Animal Models for Human Placentation." Advances in Biology 2014 (October 23, 2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/639274.
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Here a survey of placental evolution is conducted. Placentation is a key factor for the evolution of placental mammals that had evolved an astonishing diversity. As a temporary organ that does not allow easy access, it is still not well understood. The lack of data also is a restriction for better understanding of placental development, structure, and function in the human. Animal models are essential, because experimental access to the human placenta is naturally restricted. However, there is not a single ideal model that is entirely similar to humans. It is particularly important to establish other models than the mouse, which is characterised by a short gestation period and poorly developed neonates that may provide insights only for early human pregnancy. In conclusion, current evolutionary studies have contributed essentially to providing a pool of experimental models for recent and future approaches that may also meet the requirements of a long gestation period and advanced developmental status of the newborn in the human. Suitability and limitations of taxa as alternative animal models are discussed. However, further investigations especially in wildlife taxa should be conducted in order to learn more about the full evolutionary plasticity of the placenta system.
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Doménech Delgado, Blanca L. "Homoparentalidad y accesi a la subjetivación y salud mental de los hijos: reflexiones desde el psicoanálisis." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 5 (December 15, 2010): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i5.3796.
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<p>El artículo aborda cuestiones relativas a la homoparentalidad y sus implicaciones para la salud mental de los hijos. Desde el psicoanálisis se relaciona la psicosis con la reducción de la estructura familiar a la vinculación madre-hijo, con la exclusión del padre y con la negación de la diferencia sexual, pero es menester reflexionar qué se entiende por padre, madre o por funciones paterna y materna. Aunque la familia se soporta en elementos biológicos, sin embargo, la biología no explica la familia. Lo que nos constituye realmente como humanos no es la familia sino la “familiarización”, la forma en que se traban los primeros vínculos y la forma en que la cultura limita y ordena esas primeras interrelaciones. La salud mental depende de la forma en que se interiorice la ley que pone coto al goce entre el adulto y el niño y ubica a cada miembro en una posición determinada. No es la diferencia anatómica de los padres o la heterosexualidad la que da garantías de salud mental. No es, por tanto, el tipo de elección del objeto de amor de los padres lo que determina la salud mental de los hijos.</p><p>The article deals with homo-parental related questions and its implications in children’s mental health. From psychoanalytic viewpoint, psychosis is connected to the reduction in family structure to a mother-child bond, the exclusion of the father and a denial of sexual difference. However, it is necessary to meditate over what is understood by the concepts “father” or “mother”, as well as by paternal or maternal functions. Despite the fact that family is sustained on biological elements, however, biology cannot fully explain it. Family doesn’t define us as human beings, but rather “familiarization”- the pattern of the first family bonds and the manner in which culture limits and orders them. Mental health is conditioned by the assimilation of the law that restricts the Jouissance between adult and child and places each member at a concrete position. It is not determined by either anatomical differences between parents or heterosexuality. Therefore, the parents’ choice of their object of love does not influence their children’s mental health. </p>
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Mention, Anne-Laure, João José Pinto Ferreira, and Marko Torkkeli. "The Democratization of Science: Blue Ocean or Chimera?" Journal of Innovation Management 4, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_004.002_0001.
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Knowledge builds on itself. Scientific progress is achieved through piecewise advances, and is based on the enlightenment of prior evidence and discoveries. Accessing prior information has been a tremendously complex venture for centuries, and restricted to the privileged few. Technological progress and namely, the advent of Internet have opened a world of possibilities, including the instant sharing and diffusion of information. Reaping the full benefits of technological advances has however been prevented by the prerogatives of the publishing industry, which have been increasingly challenged over the last two decades. Major historical milestones include the creation of ArXiv.org, an online repository of electronic preprints in 1991; the launch of SciELO in Brazil in 1997 and its extension to 14 countries; the foundation of PLOS by the Public Library of Science, established as an alternative to traditional publishing and nowadays known as PLOS ONE, which is by far the world’s largest series of journals with over 30,000 papers published in 2015; the Budapest Declaration on Open Access in 2002; the campaign Access2Research and the US Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act, a foundational piece in the establishment of Open Access in the USA; and the initiative of the European Commission to require all research publications funded under Horizon2020 to be openly accessible, free of charge. All these initiatives converged towards the same aim: fostering free and unrestricted access to publications, so as to ensure the widespread and rapid diffusion of research findings within, across and outside scientific communities. (...)
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Ying, Fang Tian, Ye Tao, Guan Yun Wang, and Qi Wang. "VisibleSound: Perceiving Environmental Sound with 4D Form." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1777.
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The progression of application software and high-speed Internet access has, in general, the ability to commonly engage synesthetic experience. However, current synesthesia systems do not meet their full potential, as they are restricted by the simple display of non-intelligent two-dimensional form. This paper is going to present a system for enhancing visual and auditory attributes connection by augmenting the traditional sound visualization system with natural perceptual properties beyond two-dimensional space. A method of expanding the analysis capabilities of the system over changes in the frequencies and sound pressure levels of the live environmental sound stream was explored. With this method, a semantically rich four-dimensional form of sound containing information regarding audio properties and location could be generated. Some specific scenarios are discussed in order to explore visual form of natural perception of environmental sounds, multimedia voice and musical performance.
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Colomer Viadel, Antonio. "Regulación constitucional de la participación de los trabajadores en la economía y en la empresa // Constitutional regulation of the participation of workers in the economy and in the companies." Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 100 (December 20, 2017): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.100.2017.20719.
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Resumen:En el texto de la Constitución española de 1978, se opta por un modelo participativo, que se refleja en los artículos 7 y 9, en el título VII (Economía y Hacienda) y, en particular, el artículo 129 que parece contener un programa revolucionario en relación con la economía y la empresa y el acceso de los trabajadores a la propiedad. Sin embargo, no ha existido la voluntad política de desarrollar toda la potencialidad de la Constitución. Incluso se ha disminuido la tendencia participativa, especialmente en el campo social y económico.Summary:Preliminary note. 1. Introduction. 2. The economic constitution. A. Participation in Social Security and other bodies on quality of life and overall well-being. B. Participation in the company and its community dimension. C. Cooperatives. D. The access of workers to the ownership of the means of production. The participation economy and the Social and solidarity economy.Abstract:The Spanish Constitution of 1978 opt for a participatory model, which is reflected in articles 7 and 9, in title VII (Economy and Finance) and, in particular, article 129 which seems to contain a revolutionary programme for the Economy and the companies, and the workers access to the property. However, there has been no political will to develop the full potential of the Constitution. Even declined the participatory trend, especially in the social and economic field.
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Murphy, M., A. Corns, J. Cahill, K. Eliashvili, A. Chenau, C. Pybus, R. Shaw, G. Devlin, A. Deevy, and L. Truong-Hong. "DEVELOPING HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES FOR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN IRELAND." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 21, 2017): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-539-2017.
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Cultural heritage researchers have recently begun applying Building Information Modelling (BIM) to historic buildings. The model is comprised of intelligent objects with semantic attributes which represent the elements of a building structure and are organised within a 3D virtual environment. Case studies in Ireland are used to test and develop the suitable systems for (a) data capture/digital surveying/processing (b) developing library of architectural components and (c) mapping these architectural components onto the laser scan or digital survey to relate the intelligent virtual representation of a historic structure (HBIM). While BIM platforms have the potential to create a virtual and intelligent representation of a building, its full exploitation and use is restricted to narrow set of expert users with access to costly hardware, software and skills. The testing of open BIM approaches in particular IFCs and the use of game engine platforms is a fundamental component for developing much wider dissemination. The semantically enriched model can be transferred into a WEB based game engine platform.
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Salas, Ariel A., Peng Li, Kelli Parks, Charitharth V. Lal, Camilia R. Martin, and Waldemar A. Carlo. "Early progressive feeding in extremely preterm infants: a randomized trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 107, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy012.
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ABSTRACT Background Due to insufficient evidence, extremely preterm infants (≤28 wk of gestation) rarely receive early progressive feeding (small increments of feeding volumes between 1 and 4 d after birth). We hypothesized that early progressive feeding increases the number of full enteral feeding days in the first month after birth. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of early progressive feeding in extremely preterm infants. Design In this single-center randomized trial, extremely preterm infants born between September 2016 and June 2017 were randomly assigned to receive either early progressive feeding without trophic feeding (early feeding group) or delayed progressive feeding after a 4-d course of trophic feeding (delayed feeding group). Treatment allocation occurred before or on feeding day 1. The primary outcome was the number of full enteral feeding days in the first month after birth. Secondary outcomes were death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), culture-proven sepsis, growth percentiles at 36 wk postmenstrual age, use of parenteral nutrition, and need for central venous access. Results Sixty infants were included (median gestational age: 26 wk; mean ± SD birth weight: 832 ± 253 g). The primary outcome differed between groups (median difference favoring the early feeding group: +2 d; 95% CI: 0, 3 d; P = 0.02). Early progressive feeding reduced the use of parenteral nutrition (4 compared with 8 d; P ≤ 0.01) and the need for central venous access (9 compared with 13 d; P ≤ 0.01). The outcome of culture-proven sepsis (10% compared with 27%; P = 0.18), restricted growth (weight, length, and head circumference <10th percentile) at 36 wk postmenstrual age (25% compared with 50%; P = 0.07), and the composite outcome of NEC or death (27% compared with 20%; P = 0.74) did not differ between groups. Conclusion Early progressive feeding increases the number of full enteral feeding days in extremely preterm infants. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02915549.
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Scott, T. A., M. A. Leslie, and A. Karimi. "Measurements of enzyme response with hulless barley-based diets full-fed to Leghorn and broiler chicks or restricted-fed broiler chicks." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-008.
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Broiler chicks fed diets high in soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP; e.g., wheat- and/or barley-based diets) have a higher capacity to ingest, digest and absorb nutrients when diets are supplemented with appropriate NSP enzymes. However, this same enzyme response is typically reduced or non-significant in older birds, Leghorn chicks and turkey poults. We hypothesise that the enzyme response in the latter classes of poultry is reduced because feed intake is lower in comparison to feed intake by broilers. In the present study, the hypothesis that restricted feeding of broilers would reduce the enzyme response typically observed in full-fed broilers was tested. Two experiments were conducted to determine the feeding value of hulless barley supplemented or not supplemented with enzyme (Avizyme 1100, Finnfeeds Int, UK). In Study 1, eight sources of hulless barley were included at 80% in each diet and fed to four groups of six male broilers or Leghorn chicks from 4 to 17 d of age. The response to enzyme in hulless barley-based diets by broilers was approximately twofold that of Leghorns for growth and feed intake. The Leghorns had higher digesta viscosity than broilers, although the relative drop in digesta viscosity with enzyme supplementation was equal. In a second study (Study 2) broiler chicks were fed one of four diets (two hulless barley cultivars with or without enzyme) at three feed allotment levels (ad libitum, R1 and R2) from 4 to 21 d of age. The R1 and R2 feed allotments were pre-determined fixed daily feed amounts. Actual feed restriction in the R1 group was only achieved for diets with, but not without, an enzyme. At the lowest feed allotment (R2) actual feed intake of diets with or without enzyme were lower than that recorded for ad libitum fed birds. Study 2 demonstrated that restricted-fed broilers had a lower growth response to enzyme supplementation compared to birds allowed ad libitum intake, in part due to improved retention of energy, either directly in response to feed restriction or because digesta viscosity in diets without enzyme was lowered. Although digesta viscosity of restricted-fed birds was lower, it is still high enough to be considered problematic. In determining feeding value of cereal grains or supplements such as enzymes, especially those directed for use with broilers, it is imperative that a broiler chick bioassay be used and that they have ad libitum access to the diets. Key words: Enzyme, hulless barley, viscosity, feed intake
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Nichols, I. S., E. Chiem, Y. Tahara, S. Anderson, D. Trotter, D. Whittaker, C. Ghiani, C. Colwell, and K. Paul. "0426 Time Restricted Feeding Consolidates Sleep in the BACHD Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.423.
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Abstract Introduction Disturbances in the daily sleep-wake cycle are common in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders. Huntington’s disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder in which patients exhibit a variety of impairments that include, poor motor function, disrupted circadian rhythms, and sleep abnormalities such as difficulty initiating sleep at bedtime and more frequent nighttime arousals. In the BACHD mouse model time restricted feeding (TRF) has been successful at improving motor functions and circadian rhythms. The BACHD mouse model has a bacterial artificial chromosome that expresses the full-length human mutant huntingtin gene. Methods In order to determine the effects of TRF on sleep-wake architecture, EEG/EMG polysomnographic records were examined in mice between 3-4 months old bearing the BAC knock-in of a human genetic mutation of HD and WT litter mates, first during ad libitum (ad lib) feeding then during an 18 hour fasting protocol. TRF protocol consisted of 6 hours of food access limited between ZT15-ZT21 and 18 hours of fasting. Results A two-way ANOVA revealed that TRF significantly decreased the amount of total sleep (p=0.04) and NREM sleep (p=0.04) in the dark phase in both WT and BACHD mice. TRF did not significantly affect sleep in the light phase, however trends suggest that BACHD mice have more sleep in the light phase under TRF than ad lib. Conclusion This data suggests that TRF improves sleep by consolidating sleep to the light phase and wake to the dark phase. In conclusion, TRF may be a promising tool that can improve the negative effects of neurodegenerative diseases on sleep-wake processes. Support These experiments were supported by R01-NS078410 and UCLA start-up funds.
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Labanieh, Mohamad Fateh, Mohammad Azam Hussain, and Nazli Mahdzir. "DOES E-ARBITRATION PROVIDE A SUITABLE RESPONSE FOR THE “NEW NORMAL” PHENOMENON DURING THE ERA OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC?" International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 22 (March 10, 2021): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.6220021.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has put the global justice system under pressure and strain. Malaysia is among the countries that have been fundamentally strived to enhance access to justice for the disputing parties through traditional arbitration during the chaos of COVID-19. For instance, several well-known arbitration centres allow the conduct of oral hearings electronically besides other arbitral proceedings. By using legal research methodology, this article endeavours to examine whether e-arbitration can provide a suitable response for the “new normal” phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collected data is then analytically and critically analysed using the content analysis method. This article finds that there are legal ambiguity and logistical challenges regarding the use of technologies for the purpose of oral hearing. Also, there is an urgent need to ensure that the right to equal treatment will not be compromised during e-hearing. Furthermore, the Malaysian authorities should examine the possibility of implanting e-arbitration on a full scale, since the role of electronic communication technologies in e-arbitration is fundamental rather than limited and restricted on facilitating the process of resolution as applied in traditional arbitration. Finally, this humble article provides several recommendations to enhance access to justice during and after the era of the COVID-19 pandemic because “Justice delayed is justice denied”.
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Bubela, Tania, E. Richard Gold, Vivek Goel, Max Morgan, Karen Mossman, Jason Nickerson, David Patrick, and Aled Edwards. "Open drug discovery of anti-virals critical for Canada’s pandemic strategy." FACETS 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1019–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0079.
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In the event of the current COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future pandemics, open science can support mission-oriented research and development, as well as commercialization. Open science shares skills and resources across sectors; avoids duplication and provides the basis for rapid and effective validation due to full transparency. It is a strategy that can adjust quickly to reflect changing incentives and priorities, because it does not rely on any one actor or sector. While eschewing patents, it can ensure high-quality drugs, low pricing, and access through existing regulatory mechanisms. Open science practices and partnerships decrease transaction costs, increase diversity of actors, reduce overall costs, open new, higher-risk/higher-impact approaches to research, and provide entrepreneurs freedom to operate and freedom to innovate. We argue that it is time to re-open science, not only in its now restricted arena of fundamental research, but throughout clinical translation. Our model and attendant recommendations map onto a strategy to accelerate discovery of novel broad-spectrum anti-viral drugs and clinical trials of those drugs, from first-in-human safety-focused trials to late stage trials for efficacy. The goal is to ensure low-cost and rapid access, globally, and to ensure that Canadians do not pay a premium for drugs developed from Canadian science.
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Zimbalist, Andrew. "Teetering on the Brink: Cuba's Current Economic and Political Crisis." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, no. 2 (May 1992): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023439.
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Cuban scholars are not noted for fashioning consensus, much less unanimity. Yet it is unlikely that a Cubanist could be found who would not agree with the proposition that Cuba in 1992 is in the worst crisis of the revolution. It is perhaps arguable that the material situation on the island in 1969 was as difficult as it is today, but back in 1969 the revolution was young and the Cuban people for the most part were energetic and hopeful. Cuba was then an increasingly accepted and economically integrated member of the large world socialist community.The proximate cause of Cuba's present predicament is not hard to identify. Cuba has a small and heavily trade-dependent economy. In the presence of the US embargo, Cuba came to depend on the former Soviet trade bloc (CMEA) for over four-fifths of its imports. Without access to the US market, with access to other markets restricted and with imports from the former CMEA countries reduced by roughly two-thirds, Cuba's economy and its people are struggling to survive.The government's response to the crisis has been deliberate but inadequate. A number of reforms initiated prior to 1989 are being continued,1 others are being accelerated and some new programmes are being put in place. The new emphasis on foreign investment and tourism, structural reforms in the operation of foreign trade, and the impossibility of central planning in the presence of ubiquitous supply uncertainties have combined to transform the nature of Cuba's economic mechanism. Despite the promise of some extension of private enterprise and the market in the service sector, however, the needed and more concerted introduction of a broader market mechanism has not been forthcoming.
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Hulk, Aafke, and Peter Jordens. "Tweede-Taalverwerving in Discussie." Toegepaste taalwetenschap in discussie 58 (January 1, 1998): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.58.10hul.
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Universal aspects of L2 learner varieties are currently being discussed with respect to the issue of the 'L2-initial state'. Minimal Tree (Vainikka & Young-Scholten, 1996), Full Transfer/ Full Access (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1996) and Valueless Features approach (Eubank, 1996) are three approaches that provide theoretical linguistic explanations of L2 acquisition based on UG. They differ with respect to the way in which LI-instantiated knowledge is assumed to influence L2 acquisition. The aim of the Basic Variety approach (Klein & Perdue, 1997) is to explain cross-linguistically similar phenomena of L2 learning on the basis of universal of semantic, pragmatic and configurational constraints. It claims to account for both the simplicity and stability of learner varieties. One can expect these approaches to contribute to our knowledge of L2 developmental processes in the following areas of research. First, there is the question of the relation between the data and linguistic theory. Are native-speaker and nonnative-speaker knowledge of the same knowledge type? Schwartz (1994) argues that both LI and L2 acquisition are UG based. The question, however, is how to determine UG involvement in L2 acquisition on empirical grounds. Second, universality of developmental processes of L2 acquisition is a matter of discussion. UG-based approaches differ with respect to the degree to which the presence of the instantiated LI grammar influences the acquisition of L2 syntax. In Basic Variety approach, universal principles are determined crosslinguistically. They are of a pragmatic, semantic, and configurational nature. Third, Basic Variety provides an explicit account of what constitutes a simple language system. It represents a 'potential fossilization point' because it is not only a simple but also a stable system. Conflicts between constraints, i.e., possible sources of instability, are avoided. In the Full Transfer/Full Access approach, fossilization is due to problems of learnability. Restructuring an LI-induced grammar is problematic because negative evidence seems to be irrelevant, and in some cases, L2 input is highly obscure, i.e., very complex and/or very rare. Fourth, UG-based approaches differ with respect to the role of the LI. In the Minimal Tree and the Valueless Features approach, it is restricted to the initial stages, i.e., the structure of lexical projections. For Full Transfer/ Full Access, it may be relevant in every stage of L2 acquisition. Basic Variety leaves room for crosslinguistic influence only in the early stages of acquisition. When more options are available, L2 learners seem to take the alternative closest to their LI. Fifth, the question of the driving force has never been explicitly posed within UG-based approaches. This is probably because triggering, parameter setting, and feature strengthening exposure to the target language is regarded as trivial. Development in the Basic Variety approach is caused by intrinsic factors, such as discourse contexts where constraints come into conflict. In such situations, the learner has two possibilities: either to 'override' one of the constraints or develop specific means to accommodate the 'competition'. In addition, another motivation is suggested: the need to solve structural ambiguities. Categorization in terms of syntactic functions such as subject, object, predicate, noun, verb, adjective, etc., solves ambiguity through hierarchical structuring.
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Johnson, Grant, Patrick Kilian, Fan Guo, and Xiaocan Li. "Particle Acceleration in Magnetic Reconnection with Ad Hoc Pitch-angle Scattering." Astrophysical Journal 933, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7143.
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Abstract Particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection is a long-standing topic in space, solar, and astrophysical plasmas. Recent 3D particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection show that particles can leave flux ropes due to 3D field-line chaos, allowing particles to access additional acceleration sites, gain more energy through Fermi acceleration, and develop a power-law energy distribution. This 3D effect does not exist in traditional 2D simulations, where particles are artificially confined to magnetic islands due to their restricted motions across field lines. Full 3D simulations, however, are prohibitively expensive for most studies. Here, we attempt to reproduce 3D results in 2D simulations by introducing ad hoc pitch-angle scattering to a small fraction of the particles. We show that scattered particles are able to transport out of 2D islands and achieve more efficient Fermi acceleration, leading to a significant increase of energetic particle flux. We also study how the scattering frequency influences the nonthermal particle spectra. This study helps achieve a complete picture of particle acceleration in magnetic reconnection.
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Machell, J., S. R. Mounce, and J. B. Boxall. "Online modelling of water distribution systems: a UK case study." Drinking Water Engineering and Science 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwes-3-21-2010.
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Abstract. Hydraulic simulation models of water distribution networks are routinely used for operational investigations and network design purposes. However, their full potential is often never realised because, in the majority of cases, they have been calibrated with data collected manually from the field during a single historic time period and, as such, reflect the network operational conditions that were prevalent at that time, and they are then applied as part of a reactive, desktop investigation. In order to use a hydraulic model to assist proactive distribution network management its element asset information must be up to date and it should be able to access current network information to drive simulations. Historically this advance has been restricted by the high cost of collecting and transferring the necessary field measurements. However, recent innovation and cost reductions associated with data transfer is resulting in collection of data from increasing numbers of sensors in water supply systems, and automatic transfer of the data to point of use. This means engineers potentially have access to a constant stream of current network data that enables a new era of "on-line" modelling that can be used to continually assess standards of service compliance for pressure and reduce the impact of network events, such as mains bursts, on customers. A case study is presented here that shows how an online modelling system can give timely warning of changes from normal network operation, providing capacity to minimise customer impact.
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Machell, J., S. R. Mounce, and J. B. Boxall. "Online modelling of water distribution systems: a UK case study." Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions 2, no. 2 (December 23, 2009): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/dwesd-2-279-2009.
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Abstract. Hydraulic simulation models of water distribution networks are routinely used for operational investigations and network design purposes. However, their full potential is often never realised because, in the majority of cases, they have been calibrated with data collected manually from the field during a single historic time period and, as such, reflect the network operational conditions that were prevalent at that time, and they are then applied as part of a reactive, desktop investigation. In order to use a hydraulic model to assist proactive distribution network management its element asset information must be up to date and it should be able to access current network information to drive simulations. Historically this advance has been restricted by the high cost of collecting and transferring the necessary field measurements. However, recent innovation and cost reductions associated with data transfer is resulting in collection of data from increasing numbers of sensors in water supply systems, and automatic transfer of the data to point of use. This means engineers potentially have access to a constant stream of current network data that enables a new era of "online" modelling that can be used to continually assess standards of service compliance for pressure and reduce the impact of network events, such as mains bursts, on customers. A case study is presented here that shows how an online modelling system can give timely warning of changes from normal network operation, providing capacity to minimise customer impact.
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DELGADO OTAZU, ERICSON. "REPRESIÓN DE ACTOS LESIVOS HOMOGÉNEOS Y LA TUTELA JURISDICCIONAL EFECTIVA DEL PERSONAL DOCENTE QUE LABORÓ BAJO EL RÉGIMEN DE LAS LEYES 24029 Y 25212 EN EL PERÚ." YachaQ Revista de Derecho, no. 11 (July 31, 2020): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51343/yq.vi11.368.
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Todo Estado está comprometido a garantizar a todo sujeto de derecho el acceso a la justicia, suministrando recursos judiciales efectivos a quienes se sientan agraviados; para ello, cada Estado debe optar con las medidas correspondientes para eliminar todo impedimento que obstaculice el pleno ejercicio de tal derecho; en el Perú contamos con la institución de la represión de actos lesivos homogéneos, regulado de manera genérica en el art. 60 del Código Procesal Constitucional; sin embargo, podría ser explotado y empleado con resultados muy favorables para garantizar una tutela jurisdiccional realmente efectiva, en determinados casos por ejemplo, los que involucran el reconocimiento de beneficios laborales del sector educación.
Every state is committed to guaranteeing to all legal subjects access to justice by providing effective judicial remedies to those who feel aggrieved; for this, each state must opt for the corresponding measures to eliminate any impediment that hinders the full exercise of such right; in Perú we have the institution of the repression of homogeneous harmful acts, regulated in a generic way in art. 60 of the Constitutional Procedural Code; however, it could be exploited and used with very favorable results to guarantee a really effective jurisdictional protection, in certain cases, for example, those that involvethe recognition of labor benefits in the education sector.
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Onukwugha, Franklin, Peninah Agaba, Mark Hayter, and Bev Orton. "Unmarried Adolescents’ Experiences of Using Reproductive and Maternal Health Services in Nigeria and Uganda: A Qualitative Study." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050203.
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Adolescents’ access and use of reproductive and maternal health (RMH) services is a critical part of the global strategy for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, previous studies have shown that a complex range of factors, including restrictive policies and punitive laws, limit adolescents from accessing a full range of RMH services in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our study explores the experiences of unmarried adolescents’ access and use of RMH services in Nigeria and Uganda to understand the extent to which the diverse policy environment in both countries enables or hinders adolescents’ access to and use of RMH services. Our qualitative research design involved eight focus group discussions (FGDs) in Nigeria and in Uganda, 14 in-depth interviews, and eight FGDs among adolescents. The data were analysed thematically and organised according to the WHO’s five broad dimensions for assessing youth-friendly health services. Our findings show that RMH services were inequitably delivered in both countries. Adolescents were restricted from accessing services based on age and marital status. Being unmarried and having no partner, especially in Uganda, was a cause for discrimination during antenatal appointments. We also observed that the expectations of adolescents were not adequately met. Service providers tended to be impolite, judgemental, and unwilling to provide services, especially contraceptives, to younger and unmarried adolescents. Our findings suggest that the existence of a youth-friendly health policy does not translate into effective youth-friendly service provision. This underscores the need for further studies to understand the complexities surrounding this by using a realist evaluation method to examine how adolescent and youth-friendly health services can be designed to improve uptake of reproductive and maternal health services among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Yudkowsky, Beth K., Jenifer D. C. Cartland, and Samuel S. Flint. "Pediatrician Participation in Medicaid: 1978 to 1989." Pediatrics 85, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.4.567.
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Optimal pediatrician participation in the Medicaid program is essential if the full benefits of recent eligibility expansions are to be realized. A 1989 national survey of the members of the American Academy of Pediatrics (n = 940), designed as a follow-up to similar studies conducted in 1978 and 1983, was an examination of the factors that influence pediatrician participation. Between 1978 and 1989: (1) basic participation (treating any Medicaid beneficiaries) declined to 77% from 85%; (2) limited participation (seeing only some Medicaid beneficiaries who request care) increased from 26% to 39.4%; and (3) extent of participation (the percentage of a pediatrician's patients who are Medicaid beneficiaries) increased from 15.7% to 19.4%. A dichotomous conceptualization of participation (restricted or unrestricted) was developed. By this definition, only 56% of pediatricians allowed comparable access to their practices for both Medicaid and private patients. Low reimbursement and slow payments discouraged participation. Medicaid reimbursement to pediatricians was approximately equal to their overhead costs. However, a high degree of willingness to care for Medicaid children remains if fees are increased to within 11% to 16% of the private market level. Policy options to enhance participation are discussed.
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Trudler, Dorit, Swagata Ghatak, and Stuart A. Lipton. "Emerging hiPSC Models for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158196.
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Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are characterized by the chronic and progressive deterioration of neural function. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD), represent a huge social and economic burden due to increasing prevalence in our aging society, severity of symptoms, and lack of effective disease-modifying therapies. This lack of effective treatments is partly due to a lack of reliable models. Modeling neurodegenerative diseases is difficult because of poor access to human samples (restricted in general to postmortem tissue) and limited knowledge of disease mechanisms in a human context. Animal models play an instrumental role in understanding these diseases but fail to comprehensively represent the full extent of disease due to critical differences between humans and other mammals. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology presents an advantageous system that complements animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Coupled with advances in gene-editing technologies, hiPSC-derived neural cells from patients and healthy donors now allow disease modeling using human samples that can be used for drug discovery.
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Machado, Ausenda, Ana João Santos, Irina Kislaya, Amparo Larrauri, and Baltazar Nunes. "Understanding influenza vaccination among Portuguese elderly: the social ecological framework." Health Promotion International 35, no. 6 (February 27, 2020): 1427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa011.
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Abstract This study intended to identify and quantify the social ecological model (SEM) levels associated to seasonal IV uptake in the Portuguese elderly population. Data from the 2014 National Health Survey was restricted to individuals aged 65+ years (n = 5669). Twenty-three independent variables were allocated to the SEM levels: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community and policy. Sex stratified and age adjusted analysis using Poisson regression were performed for each level and for a fitted full model. Relative reduction in pseudo R magnitude measured marginal contribution of each level. For men and women, older groups (85+ vs. 65–69; men, PR = 1.59 and women, PR = 1.56); having 3+ chronic conditions (men, PR = 1.39 and women, PR = 1.35); previous 4 weeks GP and outpatient visits were associated to higher IV uptake. For men, only 2 SEM levels were associated (individual and organizational) while for women the community level was also relevant. Main marginal contribution came from individual (17.9% and 16.3%) and organizational (30.7% and 22.7%) levels. This study highlights the importance of individual characteristics, access and use of health care services for the IV uptake and the sex differential behaviour.
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Boog, Katie, Zhong Eric Chen, and Sharon Cameron. "Sexual and reproductive healthcare providers’ opinions on expansion of pharmacy-led provision of contraception." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200252.
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IntroductionReduced funding to contraceptive services in the UK is resulting in restricted access for women. Pharmacists are already embedded in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care in the UK and could provide an alternative way for women to access contraception. The aim of this study was to determine the views of UK contraception providers about community pharmacist-led contraception provision.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed to healthcare professionals at two UK SRH events, asking respondents about: (1) the use of patient group directions (PGDs) for pharmacist provision of oral contraception (OC); (2) the sale of OC as a pharmacy medicine or general sales list medicine; (3) the perceived impact of pharmacy provision of OC on broader SRH outcomes; and (4) if other contraceptive methods should be provided in pharmacies.ResultsOf 240 questionnaires distributed, 174 (72.5%) were returned. Respondents largely supported pharmacy-led provision of all non-uterine methods of contraception, excluding the contraceptive implant. Provision of the progestogen-only pill by PGD was most strongly supported (78% supported initiation). Respondents felt that the use of bridging (temporary) contraception would improve (103/144, 71.5%), use of effective contraception would increase (81/141, 57.4%), and unintended pregnancies would decline (71/130, 54.6%); but that use of long-acting reversible contraception would decrease (86/143, 60.1%). Perceived barriers included pharmacists’ capacity and competency to provide a full contraception consultation, safeguarding concerns, and women having to pay for contraception.ConclusionsUK SRH providers were largely supportive of community pharmacy-led provision of contraception, with training and referral pathways being required to support contraception delivery by pharmacists.
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Windels, Kasey, and Karen L. Mallia. "How being female impacts learning and career growth in advertising creative departments." Employee Relations 37, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 122–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-02-2014-0011.
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Purpose – In the male-dominant creative industries, do men and women have access to the same resources for career learning and development? The purpose of this paper is to examine women’s perspectives of their career trajectories in advertising creative departments. Design/methodology/approach – Situated learning theory views learning as produced through interaction with and increasing participation in a community of practice. Interviews were conducted with 19 female creatives to examine two research questions: first, how do women develop identities as creative practitioners within the male dominated advertising creative department? and second, how are women’s learning trajectories influenced by their gender? Findings – Gendered expectations affected the type of work women were supposed to produce, their ability to sell work, and the types of assignments they received. Women lacked legitimacy and experienced difficulties developing an identity as a master practitioner. They instead emphasized parts of their identity unrelated to the profession. Research limitations/implications – Women were unable to develop identities as full members of the community of practice. The identity formed in conjunction with work was that of a person with lesser talents, fewer opportunities, and less valued contributions, causing them to exit the field or seek positive identity from places other than work. Originality/value – This study was the first study that the authors are aware of to examine empirically the relationship between situated learning theory and gender. It provided evidence from women’s perspectives that gender restricted access to material for forming a positive work-identity, which impeded learning as women realized and accepted they were on a different trajectory than similarly-situated males.
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Noon, Ted, and Gary Zadkovich. "Incorporating a health team as part of a disadvantaged high school’s interconnected community learning model." Australian Journal of Primary Health 27, no. 2 (2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20168.
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Child poverty rates in Australia remain consistently high, with one in six children living in poverty. High levels of disadvantage result in compounding effects over the life trajectory and include adverse adult health vocational outcomes, increased premature morbidity and mortality and an intergenerational effect. Access to and the availability of services, including health, are restricted due to a complex mix of reasons that include a disconnection between an enabling strategic intent and action. Many young people begin life (including prenatal) with undiagnosed or poorly managed health issues, which subsequently affect the full range of developmental milestones throughout their school years. To counter these gaps in young people’s educational outcomes, a disadvantaged public high school in south-west Sydney introduced, over 10 years, a seven-member school health team employed directly by the school as part of an interconnected model of learning. The focus of this study was to determine the view of staff about the effectiveness and impact of the team as it connects to this holistic model of learning. The comments by staff are very positive and the universal view is that the introduction of a comprehensive interconnected school health team to the high school setting is proving highly beneficial.
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Serrano, MS, Roel A., Erik Wood, MS, and Tim Frazier, PhD. "Cash-based aid distribution—Case study: Typhoon Yolanda." Journal of Emergency Management 20, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0692.
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Cash-based humanitarian responses tend to empower locally driven recoveries. However, in-country barriers can prevent that recovery stimulus from achieving its full potential for the impacted population. This study discusses issues surrounding cash-based responses, opposite traditional food, or material aid. Next, this project produced a pilot case study that focused on soliciting information from two sets of respondents, namely, community leaders and households located in the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) disaster area to gauge sentiment of whether relief funds had a positive impact on recovery. Findings reveal that the lack of clarity in government and nongovernment stakeholders combined with an onerous bureaucratic process restricted the access to funds. Additionally, poor information dissemination and communication strategies resulted in inefficiencies in distributing funds. Recommendations to address the identified gaps, both in funding protocols and communication strategies, were made to help those areas still struggling from this disaster in the Philippines and as an example to forward the international body of knowledge on improving cash-based aid interventions. Practical implications include supporting global trends that cash-based aid can, indeed, support locally empowered and sustainable recoveries while noting that there are still improvements to be made to this type of disaster response.
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Tayebi Meybodi, Ali, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul. "Transcavernous Approach to the Upper Basilar and Retroclival Area—Cadaveric Surgical Simulation Video: 2-Dimensional Operative Video." Operative Neurosurgery 17, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): E251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz031.
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Abstract The transcavernous approach (TcA) is an extension of the pterional approach that widens access to the central and lateral skull base regions. Through working between the nerves and vascular structures within the cavernous sinus, the TcA enables enhanced exposure of areas and structures including but not limited to the retrosellar area, Meckel's cave, and the basilar trunk. When the basilar apex and retrosellar regions are targeted, the TcA offers a valuable solution to the problem of the restricted space between the neurovascular structures of the central skull base through opening and widening the 2 major triangles of the cavernous sinus roof: the clinoidal and oculomotor triangles. Mastery of this approach requires careful review of the anatomy and much time spent in the cadaver lab. Although many quantitative studies and illustrative papers exist on the technical nuances of the TcA to the basilar apex region, the TcA is still difficult to understand, learn, and undertake. This cadaveric surgical simulation attempts to facilitate this objective. Of note, we have demonstrated and discussed the specific variant of the TcA that aims to reach the basilar apex area, and this video does not include the full TcA that also involves complete exposure of the lateral aspect of the cavernous sinus and the Meckel's cave.
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C, Shajitha, and Abdul Majeed K.C. "Faculty Perceptions towards Institutional Repository at Cochin University of Science and Technology India a Case Study." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 39, no. 5 (September 12, 2019): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.39.5.14679.
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Explores the perceptions of faculty members towards Institutional Repository (named as Dyuthi) of Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. It also discussed the content recruitment nature of faculty members in an institutional repository (IR). In order to carry out the study, a voluntary survey was conducted among faculty members. They showed high awareness and satisfaction about IR, and the highly significant relationship was observed between awareness and satisfaction. However, their self-archiving practice in Dyuthi was low, and they were not at all unfamiliar with the self-archiving practice outside Dyuthi. Faculty members tended to adopt a traditional preservation strategy to store their works, and they have supported the framing of a policy to deposit their scientific works in IR. This study concludes that to achieve the content growth, self-archiving must be encouraged, and faculty members are capable of self-archiving in IR. Dyuthi could elevate itself as a social medium by implementing the facilities such as commenting add-ons, request full-text copy add-ons, controlled vocabulary add-ons, the web of communication add-ons, restricted access, and storage facility similar to Google drive. Dyuthi’s workflow should also be altered by giving more importance to preservation.
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Burzyńska, Julia, Radoslaw Jaworski, Bohdan Maruszewski, Andrzej Kansy, and Katarzyna Dzierżanowska-Fangrat. "Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery—Simple Is Better." Antibiotics 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010066.
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Pediatric cardiac surgery requires perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) to reduce the risk of surgical site infections. However, the complexity of these procedures and the metabolic immaturity of children impede the establishment of PAP regimens that are both efficacious and in line with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). In this study, we compared two PAP regimens: cefazolin with gentamicin (in a retrospective group) and cefazolin only (prospectively) in children undergoing elective cardiac surgery. In the prospective group, additional elements of AMS were introduced, i.e., restricted access to cefazolin and more diligent use of empirical antibiotics proceeded by consultation with an AMS team. The rate of surgical site infections (SSI), the scope of PAP deviations, and the postoperative use of antibiotics other than PAP within 30 days after surgery were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the rate of SSIs between the groups (3.9% vs. 1.2% in the prospective and retrospective groups, respectively (p = 0.35)). However, in the prospective group, the PAP violation was significantly reduced compared with the retrospective group (full compliance with the PAP regimen was 45.5% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a reduction of postoperative antibiotic use was observed in the prospective group (0.991 vs. 1.932 defined daily doses, respectively).