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Hevener, Stacy, Barbara Rickabaugh, and Toby Marsh. "Using a Decision Wheel to Reduce Use of Restraints in a Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit." American Journal of Critical Care 25, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2016929.
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Background Little information is available on the use of tools in intensive care units to help nurses determine when to restrain a patient. Patients in medical-surgical intensive care units are often restrained for their safety to prevent them from removing therapeutic devices. Research indicates that restraints do not necessarily prevent injuries or removal of devices by patients. Objectives To decrease use of restraints in a medical-surgical intensive care unit and to determine if a decision support tool is useful in helping bedside nurses determine whether or not to restrain a patient. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was used for this pilot study. Data were collected for each patient each shift indicating if therapeutic devices were removed and if restraints were used. An online educational activity supplemented by 1-on-1 discussion about proper use of restraints, alternatives, and use of a restraint decision tool was provided. Frequency of restraint use was determined. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to examine nurses’ perceptions of the decision support tool. Results Use of restraints was reduced 32%. No unplanned extubations or disruption of life-threatening therapeutic devices by unrestrained patients occurred. Conclusions With implementation of the decision support tool, nurses decreased their use of restraints yet maintained patients’ safety. A decision support tool may help nurses who are undecided or who need reassurance on their decision to restrain or not restrain a patient.
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Hintze, Bradley J., and Sean J. Johnson. "ResDe: a new tool for visual definition of distance restraints for crystallographic refinement." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 6 (October 20, 2010): 1540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810038689.
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Manually defined distance restraints can be useful during structure refinement, particularly in low-resolution refinement where the additional restraints are needed to maintain appropriate stereochemical geometry. A large number of restraints are often required when refining macromolecular structures. Currently, restraint definition requires manual editing of a text file, which can be a daunting task when working with a large number of restraints.ResDe(Restraint Definer) is a suite of Python-based tools that allows the user to quickly define and edit restraints using thePyMOLgraphical interface.
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Miranda Ruiz, E., A. Gonzalez, P. Samos, M. Bellsola, A. Sabate, J. Leon, M. A. Jerónimo, V. Pérez-Solà, L. M. Martin, and D. Corcoles. "Use of verbal de-escalation in reducing need for mechanical restraint in patients with psychotic disorders during non-voluntary transfers from home to the psychiatric emergency department." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1509.
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Introduction Little is known about the need for mechanical restraint during non-voluntary transfers from patient’s homes to the psychiatric emergency department in patients diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia. Although there is no evidence of its efficacy, one of the main tools used for the reduction of mechanical restraints is verbal de-escalation training. Objectives The aim is to describe which symptoms predispose to mechanical restrain in patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia transferred in a non-voluntary manner from home to the psychiatric emergency department, and the effect on reducing mechanical restraints after receiving verbal de-escalation training. Methods All patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia who, after being visited by a home psychiatry team, have required non-voluntary transfer from their homes to the psychiatric emergency department were selected (N = 442). Results Young age, being male, having a poor adherence to treatment, higher scores for de following variables; Excitement, Grandiosity, Suspiciousness, Hostility, Abstract thinking, Motor tension, Uncooperativeness, Poor attention, Lack of insight and Poor impulse control as well as lower scores in motor retardation on the PANSS, are related to a higher frequency of mechanical restrain (P<0,005). Before the verbal de-escalation training, 43.9% of the transferred patients required mechanical restraint, after the training, the need for restraints was reduced to 25.5% (P<0.001). Conclusions Training in verbal de-escalation has allowed an important reduction in mechanical restraints in patients with schizophrenia who have required non-voluntary transfers from home to the psychiatric emergency department. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Moody, Carly M., Georgia J. Mason, Cate E. Dewey, and Lee Niel. "Getting a grip: cats respond negatively to scruffing and clips." Veterinary Record 186, no. 12 (October 5, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105261.
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Use of scruffing and scruffing tools (eg, clipnosis clips) to immobilise cats is contentious, and cat handling guidelines vary in recommendations regarding these techniques. The current study examined whether cats show negative responses to the following restraint methods: (1) scruff (n=17), (2) clip application to the dorsal neck skin (n=16) and (3) full body (a known negative; n=19). Each cat was also handled with passive restraint (control) for comparison. During handling, cats were examined for behavioural (side/back ear positions, vocalisations, lip licking) and physiological (pupil dilation ratio, respiratory rate) responses. Full-body restrained cats showed more negative responses than passively restrained cats (respiratory rate: p=0.006, F3,37=4.31, p=0.01; ear p=0.002, F3,49=6.70, p=0.0007; pupil: p=0.007, F3,95=14.24, p=0.004; vocalisations: p=0.009, F3,49=4.85, p=0.005) and scruff-restrained cats (pupil: p=0.009; vocalisations: p=0.04). Clip restraint resulted in more negative responses than passive (pupil: p=0.01; vocalisations: p=0.007, ear p=0.02) and scruff restraint (pupil p=0.01; vocalisations: p=0.02). No differences were detected between full-body restraint, known to be aversive, and clip restraint. Full-body restraint and clip restraint resulted in the greatest number of negative responses, scruffing resulted in fewer negative responses and passive restraint showed the least number of responses. We therefore recommend against the use of full-body and clip restraint, and suggest that scruff restraint should be avoided when possible.
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Fitriyana, L., A. G. Dian, and F. Darwis. "Study Restraint Pressure of Membranes on Expansive Soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 971, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/971/1/012028.
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Abstract Type of deformation in expansive soil is lateral and vertical Laboratory expansion tests are often performed on rings with restrained, lateral movement so that horizontal, swelling deformation will not occur. The road damage in the highway between Purwodadi – Semarang (Begel village, Purwodadi) was identified because the soil is expansive. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify characteristics of its soil expansion, specifically the influence of pressure of membrane restraints on expansion of expansive soil. The expansion test was conducted on modified test tools. The axial expansion strain was measured using the dial gauge which was installed in parallel, vertical position while the lateral strain was measured using the caliper digital in order to identify any change in the diameter of sample with the variations of initial water content (wo), vertical pressure (pv) and membrane’s thickness (t). The test result show that the greater the (horizontal) lateral strain is, the greater the restraint pressure in the membranes will be. The restraint pressure in the membranes (ph) is closely related to factors that influence the expansion possibility such as vertical pressure (pv), initial height of test object (ho), initial water content (wo), and membrane’s thickness (t).
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Brown, Alan, Fei Long, Robert A. Nicholls, Jaan Toots, Paul Emsley, and Garib Murshudov. "Tools for macromolecular model building and refinement into electron cryo-microscopy reconstructions." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714021683.
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The recent rapid development of single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) now allows structures to be solved by this method at resolutions close to 3 Å. Here, a number of tools to facilitate the interpretation of EM reconstructions with stereochemically reasonable all-atom models are described. TheBALBESdatabase has been repurposed as a tool for identifying protein folds from density maps. Modifications toCoot, including new Jiggle Fit and morphing tools and improved handling of nucleic acids, enhance its functionality for interpreting EM maps.REFMAChas been modified for optimal fitting of atomic models into EM maps. As external structural information can enhance the reliability of the derived atomic models, stabilize refinement and reduce overfitting,ProSMARThas been extended to generate interatomic distance restraints from nucleic acid reference structures, and a new tool,LIBG, has been developed to generate nucleic acid base-pair and parallel-plane restraints. Furthermore, restraint generation has been integrated with visualization and editing inCoot, and these restraints have been applied to both real-space refinement inCootand reciprocal-space refinement inREFMAC.
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Moriarty, Nigel W., Dale E. Tronrud, Paul D. Adams, and P. Andrew Karplus. "A new default restraint library for the protein backbone inPhenix: a conformation-dependent geometry goes mainstream." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798315022408.
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Chemical restraints are a fundamental part of crystallographic protein structure refinement. In response to mounting evidence that conventional restraints have shortcomings, it has previously been documented that using backbone restraints that depend on the protein backbone conformation helps to address these shortcomings and improves the performance of refinements [Moriartyet al.(2014),FEBS J.281, 4061–4071]. It is important that these improvements be made available to all in the protein crystallography community. Toward this end, a change in the default geometry library used byPhenixis described here. Tests are presented showing that this change will not generate increased numbers of outliers during validation, or deposition in the Protein Data Bank, during the transition period in which some validation tools still use the conventional restraint libraries.
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Jamroz, Kazimierz, Krzysztof Wilde, Marcin Budzyński, Łukasz Jeliński, Jacek Chróścielewski, Stanisław Burzyński, and Łukasz Pachocki. "Innovative Research Into Road Restraint Systems." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0059.
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Abstract Key to understanding the needs and building road infrastructure management tools to prevent and mitigate run-off-road accidents is to identify hazards and their sources which are a result of wrong design, construction, installation and maintenance of road restraint systems [1]. Building such tools requires advanced studies with field tests, simulations and models [30]. Delivered under the Road Innovation programme, two research projects (ROSE and LifeROSE) are designed to help with that. The main aim of the projects is to develop a method to help with an optimal choice of road restraint systems.
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Nabuurs, Sander B., Chris A. E. M. Spronk, Gert Vriend, and Geerten W. Vuister. "Concepts and tools for NMR restraint analysis and validation." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance 22A, no. 2 (2004): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.a.20016.
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Acevedo-Nuevo, María, María Teresa González-Gil, and María Concepción Martin-Arribas. "Physical Restraint Use in Intensive Care Units: Exploring the Decision-Making Process and New Proposals. A Multimethod Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 11826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211826.
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Aim: The general aim of this study was to explore the decision-making process followed by Intensive Care Unit (ICU) health professionals with respect to physical restraint (PR) administration and management, along with the factors that influence it. Method: A qual-quant multimethod design was sequenced in two stages: an initial stage following a qualitative methodology; and second, quantitative with a predominant descriptive approach. The multicenter study was undertaken at 17 ICUs belonging to 11 public hospitals in the Madrid region (Spain) across the period 2015 through 2019. The qualitative stage was performed from an interpretative phenomenological perspective. A total of eight discussion groups (DG) were held, with the participation of 23 nurses, 12 patient care nursing assistants, and seven physicians. Intentional purposive sampling was carried out. DG were tape-recorded and transcribed. A thematic analysis of the latent content was performed. In the quantitative stage, we maintained a 96-h observation period at each ICU. Variables pertaining to general descriptive elements of each ICU, institutional pain-agitation/sedation-delirium (PAD) monitoring policies and elements linked to quality of PR use were recorded. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the relationship between the variables was analyzed. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Findings: A total of 1070 patients were observed, amounting to a median prevalence of PR use of 19.11% (min: 0%–max: 44.44%). The differences observed between ICUs could be explained by a difference in restraint conceptualization. The various actors involved jointly build up a health care culture and a conceptualization of the terms “safety-risk”, which determine decision-making about the use of restraints at each ICU. These shared meanings are the germ of beliefs, values, and rituals which, in this case, determine the greater or lesser use of restraints. There were different profiles of PR use among the units studied: preventive restraints versus “Zero” restraints. The differences corresponded to aspects such as: systematic use of tools for assessment of PAD; interpretation of patient behavior; the decision-making process, the significance attributed to patient safety and restraints; and the feelings generated by PR use. The restraint–free model requires an approach to safety from a holistic perspective, with the involvement of all team members and the family.
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Cope-Kasten, Cali. "It's Time to Start Showing a Little Restraint: In Search of a Compromise on Federal Seclusion and Restraint Legislation." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 47.1 (2013): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.47.1.time.
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In 2009, the United States House of Representatives heard testimony that hundreds of students had been injured in schools by teachers secluding or physically restraining them. Congress had never legislated on seclusion and restraint, but the alarming allegations of student injuries and deaths prompted many parents to demand a ban on the use of the techniques in schools. In the continuing debate, school officials have protested that seclusion and restraint are important tools for teachers to protect their classrooms from out-of-control students. Torn between these two extreme positions, Congress has twice attempted — but failed — to pass federal legislation regulating seclusion and restraint. This Note examines the most recent failed legislative attempts and proposes a more moderate statute that has a greater likelihood of passing through a polarized Congress. By banning certain forms of restraint, raising safety standards for seclusion spaces, and broadening grant authority to help schools develop alternatives to seclusion and restraint, this Note’s proposed statute would protect both student safety and teacher autonomy.
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Edwards, Nancy, Evangeline Danseco, Kathleen Heslin, Jenny Ploeg, Josephine Santos, Melanie Stansfield, and Barbara Davies. "Development and Testing of Tools to Assess Physical Restraint Use." Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing 3, no. 2 (June 2006): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2006.00056.x.
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Kavumpurath, Janisha, Navin Devaraj, Kulanthayan Mani, Fatma Ahmed, Noor Ibrahim, and Aneesa Rashid. "Development and reliability testing of a tool to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding physical restrain." Rawal Medical Journal 47, no. 4 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/rmj.14508.20220408101627.
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Objective: To develop a reliable and accurate measurement tool for assessing critical care nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice in the area of physical restraint and create an instructional module on physical restraint for critical care nurses. Methodology: The technique for creating and validating the tools involved several steps: (a) creating a theoretical framework and conducting a literature review; (b) developing the instructional module and tool items; (c) determining validity, and (d) pilot testing. A knowledge questionnaire, an attitude scale, a self-reporting practice checklist, and an instructional module were among the tools we produced. We examined the tools through face validity and content validity. We pilot tested the tool on a total of 20 critical care nurses, dividing them into 10 subjects each: experimental and control. Results: The items were assessed on their clarity, easy comprehension, and whether they effectively captured the subject being assessed, and they incorporated the expert’s suggestions into the tool development. In the questionnaire, the content validity ratio (CVR) of the item must be greater than or equal to 0.99 to be considered. Cronbach’s alpha done for the knowledge (0769 vs 0.764), attitude (0.694 vs 0.828) and practice (0.766 vs 0.624) domains show that the items have an acceptable level of internal consistency in both study groups. Conclusions: The assessment tool developed was validated by experts in the field and tested for reliability. With a good reliability score, it may be used as a tool in the field of physical restraint.
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Mortensen, Reid. "Comity and Jurisdictional Restraint in Vanuatu." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 33, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v33i1.5852.
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This article revisits Pacific Courts' treatment of two procedural tools for locating litigation in the best court: the doctrine of forum non conveniens and the anti-suit injunction. The recent reporting of the Vanuatu Court of Appeal's decision in Chan Wing (Vanuatu) Limited v Motis Pacific Lawyers shows that the court accepted orthodox principles for both procedures, representing an improvement in adjudication on the conduct of international litigation in the Pacific. Chan Wing also reveals a technique by which courts exercising the jurisdiction to grant anti-suit injunctions can unilaterally improve the enforceability of their own judgments in other countries. It is suggested that respect for international comity in Pacific Island adjudication has reached new heights in the principles stated in Chan Wing for the plea of forum non conveniens and the grant of anti-suit injunctions. However, it also seems that the Court of Appeal's efforts at enhancing the extraterritorial enforcement of its own judgments offends settled principles governing friendly and courteous relations between courts.
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Carroll, Amber Diane, Alissa Cisneros, Hannah Porter, Carly Moody, and Anastasia Chiara Stellato. "Dog Owner Perceptions of Veterinary Handling Techniques." Animals 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111387.
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Veterinary care can be a source of stress for domestic dogs and their owners. If a dog owner is not satisfied with the veterinary experience, this may reduce the frequency of veterinary visits and negatively impact a dog’s health and welfare. Allowing dog owners to offer their perspectives on aspects of the veterinary appointment may help improve owner satisfaction. We assessed owner agreement towards 13 recommended handling techniques used on dogs during routine veterinary appointments, when the participants’ dog was calm, fearful, or aggressive. An online cross-sectional survey targeting current dog owners, residing in Canada and the United States, was used to examine the influence of participant’s pet attachment (using the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS)) and demographic information (age, gender, experience working in the veterinary field) on owner agreement towards the handling techniques. The majority of participants (N = 1176) disagreed with higher restraint techniques (e.g., full body restraint, muzzle hold) and tools (e.g., dog mask), and agreed with lower restraint techniques (e.g., minimal restraint) regardless of dog demeanor. Logistic regression models revealed that for medium/large dog owners, having previous veterinary work experience resulted in lower agreement with the use of minimal restraint (p < 0.0001) and higher agreement with the use of full body restraint on fearful dogs (p = 0.01). Small dog owners were more likely to agree with the use of minimal restraint on fearful dogs if they had a higher pet attachment score (p < 0.001), and were more likely to agree with full body restraint if they had previous veterinary work experience (p < 0.0001) or were male (p = 0.02). Owner perspectives align with current handling recommendations and provide further support for the use of low stress handling methods to improve owner satisfaction and dog welfare during routine veterinary care.
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Umezu, Kyosuke, Kazuhito Ohashi, and Shinya Tsukamoto. "Study on the Restraint Method of Thermal Deformation in the Machine Tools." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.603.
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In the NC machine tools for automatic mass production processing lines, it is demanded that high stable machining accuracy is maintained for a long time. The main factor of deterioration in machining accuracy depends on the thermal deformation of machine tool, and the measures are one of the most important issues in the machine tool design. The thermal deformation is practically estimated by the temperature changing state of machine tools based on obtained data of their thermal deformation chracteristics. The estimation accuracy of thermal deformation depends on the thermometry points of machine tool greatly. This study describes an approach to the most suitable thermometry points in machine tool to determine the effective thermal deformation measures experimentally. As a result, the existence of points where the temperature of components changed with relation to thermal deformation very closely was confirmed.
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Budzyński, Marcin, Kazimierz Jamroz, and Łukasz Jeliński. "Assessment of Road Restraint Systems in Polish Conditions." Journal of KONBiN 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 325–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2018-0017.
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Abstract Key to understanding the needs and tools of road infrastructure management is identifying the hazards and their sources involved in having no or faulty road restraint systems. Clarity is also needed on why the systems are wrongly designed, constructed, built and operated. To ensure that the problem is adequately understood, research and site observations were conducted and mathematical models were built to describe the level of roadside risk. To aid studies of road safety barrier and other road safety equipment functionality, it is vital to carry out field crash tests and crash test simulations. The main goal of the work is to develop a method for selecting optimal road restraint systems.
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Standzon, L. V. "Administrative restraint measures applied in licensing relations." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (September 25, 2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.82.6.125-132.
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The most important place among the measures of administrative coercion is occupied by measures of administrative restraint, highlighted by all authors dealing with public administration issues and investigating the effectiveness of the methods used to implement executive power. The current legislation provides for a significant arsenal of tools that are a way to respond to the cessation of violations in the field of public administration. Covering various public relations, these measures are very successfully applied in the implementation of licensing legal relations. Licensing and the implementation of subsequent licensing control involves the active use of administrative measures such as revocation or revocation of the license, suspension of its validity, as well as the issuance of an order to eliminate violations of the license legislation. At the same time, there are different points of view on the issue of attributing certain measures to administrative measures of restraint, which caused the need for additional reference to this topic of research. The author draws conclusions and expresses his own opinions on the types of administrative preventive measures related to the licensing and licensing sphere.
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Shah, Amar, Tom Ayers, Emily Cannon, Saiqa Akhtar, Kate Lorrimer, Matthew Milarski, and Laura-Louise Arundell. "The mental health safety improvement programme: a national quality improvement collaborative to reduce restrictive practice in England." British Journal of Healthcare Management 28, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2021.0159.
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In 2018, 38 mental health inpatient wards belonging to NHS trusts across England took part in the national reducing restrictive practice collaborative project, which aimed to reduce the use of rapid tranquillisation, restraint and seclusion of patients by 33%. Teams were supported to use quality improvement tools by skilled coaches as part of a national collaborative learning system. At the end of the programme, the overall use of restrictive practice had reduced by 15%. Of the teams that achieved improvements, the average reduction in restrictive practice was 61%. Across the collaborative there were improvements in the mean monthly use of restraints and rapid tranquillisation, and in the total use of all three measures of restrictive practice combined. Support from quality improvement coaches allowed ideas to be tested across the collaborative, enabling the creation of a theory of change for reducing restrictive practice based on areas with a high degree of belief to inform future improvement work in this area.
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Mehariya*, Bhagwati K. Gauni, and Krunal R. Mehariya. "Distinct blue print to restraint neglected tropical diseases." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 09 (August 31, 2016): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.09.008.
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Since few decades many developing countries are bearing the strain of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and they are the most common infections of the World’s poorest people living in Africa, Asia and Americas. Till date, neglected tropical diseases imitate a group of conditions whose cluster level is obtained from deficiency of efforts directed to their declination. Global efforts have been done to control thirteen parasitic and bacterial infections that affect more than 1.4 billion people. The global usage of drug therapies for reducing the severity of NTDs was introduced few years ago. This singular approach should be elaborate to more extensive set of tools like coordinated community-based programs, vector control, local training, education and environmental change. In more, accelerated schedule is crucially needed to establish adequate diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic interventions to stay one step ahead of the evolutionary adaptation system of disease-causing microorganisms and parasites [1] [2].
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Haghshenas, Mohammad Hosein. "Infrastructure for internalization and protection of sexual restraint for adolescents based on Islamic sources." Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies 3, no. 1 (2022): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.3.1.5.
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Background and Objectives: In general, sexual desire and behavior are more likely to grow in adolescence than in other periods and since the sexual desire has a delicious function, and given that the sex industry and its associated branches, especially the Internet, have accelerated this trend, it can expose teenage to mental and psychological damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the infrastructures of internalization and maintaining of sexual restraint for adolescents based on Islamic sources. methods: the type of this research was applied in terms of purpose and the type of this research in terms of the method of collecting components, taking into account the family of religious texts, internalizing and maintaining sexual restraint components with the aim of regulating behavior toward sexual emotions was extracted and Islamic and psychological teachings related to sexual restraint were investigated by descriptive-analytical method. Results: the results showed that considering moral sense when facing sexual provocations, and enhancing adolescent's psychological abilities in sexual struggles and its internal pressure are among the topics that have been emphasized. The elements related to the internalization and maintenance of restraint, especially during adolescence, which were extracted from Islamic and psychological teachings are as follow: 1. Acquiring inhibitory control skills by disregarding internal stimuli, enhancing behavioral inhibition, delaying satisfaction and resisting temptation, 2. Increasing inhibitory capacity with psychological tools such as patience, resilience and positive foresight and 3. Creating love and kindness maintaining self-esteem, god-friendlyness, compassion and spiritual connection with God. Conclusion: considering the existing gap in individual regulation of sexual behavior with emphasis on internalizing and maintaining sexual restraint based on Islamic texts, this study explains and identifies its elements and infrastructure.
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Budzynski, Marcin, Krzysztof Wilde, Kazimierz Jamroz, Jacek Chroscielewski, Wojciech Witkowski, Stanislaw Burzynski, Dawid Bruski, Lukasz Jelinski, and Łukasz Pachocki. "The effects of vehicle restraint systems on road safety." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926205003.
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Key to understanding the needs and tools of road infrastructure management for preventing runoff-road crashes or minimising their consequences, is to identify the hazards and sources of hazards caused by wrong or improper use of road safety devices and identify errors in the design, structure, construction and operation of road safety devices. Studying such an extended scope of the problem required fieldwork and surveys with road authorities, designers, road safety auditors and road maintenance services. An outline of new guidelines could only be developed after understanding the effects of restraint systems, the design, additional elements, type of road and safety barrier location on a road or engineering structure and the road and traffic conditions on their functionality and safety. The paper will present the preliminary results of this research (research project – ROSE). One way to understand the functionality of road safety devices is to build numerical models and conduct simulation tests of virtual crash tests. The article presents the scope of work conducted as part of an effort to develop new vehicle restraint system guidelines.
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Ma, Yongqian, Ru Shao, and Xiaolan Liu. "Evaluation on Efficient Crushing Test in Deep Poor Drillability Formation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 898, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/898/1/012019.
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Abstract The ancient formation is very thick, strong abrasion and poor drillability. Formation pressure of some area is abnormal high-pressure, induced high mud density, and borehole instability problems in some formation restrict the positive displacement motor (PDM) application, and impact drilling tools are instable. All above factors restraint the rate of penetration. Based on the result of litho-mechanical experiments, the impacting experiments are performed on samples of the Jurassic formation, impact fractured efficiency are evaluated, the results show high impact resistance in the formation, the best impact speed is over 12m/s, and the result was important design basis for impact tools improvement to increase the rate of penetrate (ROP) in the deep poor drillability formation.
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Lebedev, Andrey A., Paul Young, Michail N. Isupov, Olga V. Moroz, Alexey A. Vagin, and Garib N. Murshudov. "JLigand: a graphical tool for the CCP4 template-restraint library." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 68, no. 4 (March 17, 2012): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s090744491200251x.
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Biological macromolecules are polymers and therefore the restraints for macromolecular refinement can be subdivided into two sets: restraints that are applied to atoms that all belong to the same monomer and restraints that are associated with the covalent bonds between monomers. The CCP4 template-restraint library contains three types of data entries defining template restraints: descriptions of monomers and their modifications, both used for intramonomer restraints, and descriptions of links for intermonomer restraints. The library provides generic descriptions of modifications and links for protein, DNA and RNA chains, and for some post-translational modifications including glycosylation. Structure-specific template restraints can be defined in a user's additional restraint library. Here, JLigand, a new CCP4 graphical interface to LibCheck and REFMAC that has been developed to manage the user's library and generate new monomer entries is described, as well as new entries for links and associated modifications.
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Mirzakhanyaraghi, Navid, Mobina Mozafari, Shafagh Saei, Marzih Pashmdarfard, and Akram Azad. "Predicting Students’ School Engagement Based on Communication Skills, Self-restraint, Perceived Parenting Style, and Sensory Processing." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2023): 520–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.12.3.10.
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Background and Aims Passion generally refers to the stimuli that shape a certain pattern of behavior. It can affects all aspects of a person’s life, including education and academic success. The present study aims to assess the predictability of school engagement based on communication skills, self-restraint, perceived parenting style, and sensory processing. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study using the structural equation modeling (SEM).The study population consists of all secondary school students in Tehran (district 6). Sampling was done using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Using Cochran’s formula, the minimum sample size was obtained 385. Data collection tools were Baumrind’s parenting styles questionnaire, communication skills test-revised (CSTR), self-restraint scale, adolescent/adult sensory profile, and School Engagement Measure. To evaluate the SEM model, the significance level and path coefficients were investigated using the bootstrap method (re-sampling and sequential) and student’s t-test. Results Of 385 participants, 199 were girls (51.7%) and 186 were boys (48.3%), mostly aged 16 years (47.8%). Their mean age was 17.1±0.84 years. Results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2), Stone-Geisser’s Q2, and path coefficients were positive in all variables. The R2 value was 0.71, indicating that the independent variables together could predict 71% of school engagement. Conclusion Communication skills, self-restraint, perceived parenting style, and sensory processing are predictors of school engagement in students. Among these variables, communication skills have the highest effect.
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Andrade, David, Raphael Stuhlmeier, and Michael Stiassnie. "On the Generalized Kinetic Equation for Surface Gravity Waves, Blow-Up and Its Restraint." Fluids 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010002.
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This article is concerned with the non-linear interaction of homogeneous random ocean surface waves. Under this umbrella, numerous kinetic equations have been derived to study the evolution of the spectral action density, each employing slightly different assumptions. Using analytical and numerical tools, and providing exact formulas, we demonstrate that the recently derived generalized kinetic equation exhibits blow up in finite time for certain degenerate quartets of waves. This is discussed in light of the assumptions made in the derivation, and this equation is contrasted with other kinetic equations for the spectral action density.
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Mizobuchi, Akira, Masahiro Masuda, Teruo Nogami, Hitoshi Ogawa, and Tohru Ishida. "Restraint of Thermal Crack on Rake Face of Cermet Tool in Intermittent Cutting." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 3 (May 5, 2013): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0263.
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Thermal cracks due to heating-cooling cycles in intermittent cutting in the machining processes of bearing production play an important role in tool life. This paper discusses restraint in the tool failure of TiC cermet used in actual machining line. The purpose of this study is to investigate two effects the appearance of the rake face and variation in the feed rate in thermal cracks on machining lines and to examine the thermal crack mechanism. As a result, we found that tools with some micro cracks were easily damaged. Removing some cracks on the rake face delays thermal crack generation time and reduces the number of cracks. Slightly decreasing the feed rate has a good effect on restraining the occurrence of cracks due to lowering of the cutting temperature.
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Koehler Leman, Julia, and Georg Künze. "Recent Advances in NMR Protein Structure Prediction with ROSETTA." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (April 25, 2023): 7835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097835.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying the structure and dynamics of proteins in their native state. For high-resolution NMR structure determination, the collection of a rich restraint dataset is necessary. This can be difficult to achieve for proteins with high molecular weight or a complex architecture. Computational modeling techniques can complement sparse NMR datasets (<1 restraint per residue) with additional structural information to elucidate protein structures in these difficult cases. The Rosetta software for protein structure modeling and design is used by structural biologists for structure determination tasks in which limited experimental data is available. This review gives an overview of the computational protocols available in the Rosetta framework for modeling protein structures from NMR data. We explain the computational algorithms used for the integration of different NMR data types in Rosetta. We also highlight new developments, including modeling tools for data from paramagnetic NMR and hydrogen–deuterium exchange, as well as chemical shifts in CS-Rosetta. Furthermore, strategies are discussed to complement and improve structure predictions made by the current state-of-the-art AlphaFold2 program using NMR-guided Rosetta modeling.
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Skousen, Mark. "The Perseverance of Paul Samuelson's Economics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.11.2.137.
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A reflection of the economics profession through Paul Samuelson's Economics. Samuelson offers an uneasy mix of laissez faire in micro and government interventionism in macro. In earlier editions, Keynesian thinking dominated, with an antisaving, progovernment bias and a need for an activist fiscal policy aimed at alleviating unpredictable chronic business cycles under private enterprise. Middle editions had chapters on the Soviet Union and China, rather than Japan and West Germany. Recently, Samuelson and coauthor William Nordhaus have gradually shifted from antithrift to prosavings policies, from deficit spending to fiscal restraint, and from fiscal policy to monetary policy as effective countercyclical tools.
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Donaldson, Brianne. "Bioethics and Jainism: From Ahiṃsā to an Applied Ethics of Carefulness." Religions 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040243.
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Although Jainism has been largely absent from discourses in bioethics and religion, its rich account of life, nonviolence, and contextual ethical response has much to offer the discussion within and beyond the Jain community. In this essay, I explore three possible reasons for this discursive absence, followed by an analysis of medical treatment in the Jain tradition—from rare accommodations in canonical texts to increasing acceptance in the post-canonical period, up to the present. I argue that the nonviolent restraint required by the ideal of ahiṃsā is accompanied by applied tools of carefulness (apramatta) that enable the evolution of medicine. These applied tools are derived from the earliest canonical strata and offer a distinct contribution to current bioethical discourses, demanding a more robust account of: (1) pervasive life forms; (2) desires and motivations; (3) direct and indirect modes of harm; and (4) efforts to reduce harm in one’s given context. I conclude by examining these tools of carefulness briefly in light of contemporary Jain attitudes toward reproductive ethics, such as abortion and in vitro fertilization.
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Rzeszutko, Mariusz. "The Impact of the Global Pandemic on MENA Countries’ Stability." De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/dsd.2022.01.05.
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The article aims to analyse the situation in the MENA and neighbouring countries one decade after the so-called Arab Spring. The purpose of this study also is to analyze theimportance of the COVID-19 pandemic, which hampered the development of protests in the region by providing governments with a wide range of tools for public restraint and control. These measures effectively and in a relatively short period of time have significantly reducedpublic and opposition activities, hampering the momentum that could lead to a ‘second Arab Spring’. The study uses a qualitative method – a document analysis approach – to synthesize information from various sources to ensure the validity of the information obtained.
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Andreatta, Chiara. "La competenza psicoanalitica in interventi clinici istituzionali." GRUPPI, no. 3 (June 2009): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gru2008-003008.
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- The author illustrates a case of institutional intervention with a clinical approach, in which the setting is a significant therapeutic factor. The competence needed to build an ad hoc device for treatment - designed to satisfy specific care requirements - is the result of clinical training and the development of precise abilities, such as the following: listening and making use of individual, group and institutional emotions; restraint and empathy; technical- methodological know-how; pertinent analytic interpretation and attribution of meaning. These competences are essential tools that the author proposes to perform effective institutional interventions.Key words: setting, device, care, psychosocioanalysis, institution, clinical competence.Parole chiave: setting, dispositivo, cura, psicosocioanalisi, istituzione, competenza clinica.
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Jeong, I. Seul, and Mi-Kyoung Cho. "Factors Affecting Delirium in ICU Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 5889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105889.
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This study examined delirium severity using a delirium screening tool and analyzed the predictors, including pain, acuity, level of consciousness, fall risk, and pain score, to increase understanding of delirium and present foundational data for developing nursing interventions for delirium prevention. This was a retrospective study of 165 patients admitted to three intensive care units (ICUs). the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) was used as a research tool to screen for delirium and measure the degree of delirium. The incidence of delirium in patients was 53.3%, and the average delirium score in the delirium group was 2.40 ± 0.56. Nu-DESC scores were significantly correlated with ICU days, ventilator days, restraint applications, the number of catheters inserted, sedative medication use, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS III), the Morse Fall Scale (MFS), the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, pain scores, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that the number of restraint applications, GCS score, ICU days, and BUN levels were factors influencing delirium. Based on the findings, ICU nurses should use delirium screening tools to ensure accurate delirium screening and work to reduce the incidence and degree of delirium by observing factors affecting delirium in patients.
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García-Bueno, Borja, José L. M. Madrigal, Beatriz G. Pérez-Nievas, and Juan Carlos Leza. "Stress Mediators Regulate Brain Prostaglandin Synthesis and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Activation after Stress in Rats." Endocrinology 149, no. 4 (December 13, 2007): 1969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0482.
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Stress exposure leads to oxidative/nitrosative and neuroinflammatory changes that have been shown to be regulated by antiinflammatory pathways in the brain. In particular, acute restraint stress is followed by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 up-regulation and subsequent proinflammatory prostaglandin (PG) E2 release in rat brain cortex. Concomitantly, the synthesis of the antiinflammatory prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 and the activation of its nuclear target the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ are also produced. This study aimed to determine the possible role of the main stress mediators: catecholamines, glucocorticoids, and excitatory amino acids (glutamate) in the above-mentioned stress-related effects. By using specific pharmacological tools, our results show that the main mediators of the stress response are implicated in the regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and PPARγ activation in rat brain cortex described after acute restraint stress exposure. Pharmacological inhibition (predominantly through β-adrenergic receptor) of the stress-released catecholamines in the central nervous system regulates 15d-PGJ2 and PGE2 synthesis, by reducing COX-2 overexpression, and reduces PPARγ activation. Stress-produced glucocorticoids carry out their effects on prostaglandin synthesis through their interaction with mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors to a very similar degree. However, in the case of PPARγ regulation, only the actions through the glucocorticoid receptor seem to be relevant. Finally, the selective blockade of the N-methyl-d-aspartate type of glutamate receptor after stress also negatively regulates 15d-PGJ2 and PGE2 production by COX-2 down-regulation and decrease in PPARγ transcriptional activity and expression. In conclusion, we show here that the main stress mediators, catecholamines, GCs, and glutamate, concomitantly regulate the activation of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory pathways in a possible coregulatory mechanism of the inflammatory process induced in rat brain cortex by acute restraint stress exposure.
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Tisselli, Eugenio. "The Heaviness of Light." Matlit Revista do Programa de Doutoramento em Materialidades da Literatura 6, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_6-2_1.
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This text explores the material implications of electronic reading and writing in the Anthropocene. It does so by briefly examining the consequences that the production and usage of electronic devices has on ecosystems and social contexts. Different perspectives on how a reader or writer may deal with the negative effects of sociotechnical systems are offered: restraint, pharmacological awareness and togetherness. Such perspectives can be transformed into reading and writing tools for the Anthropocene that may allow readers and writers of electronic literature to integrate the notion of an extended community, that is, an intimate and paradoxical complicity with nearby and remote humans and non-humans, and invite them into the digital text.
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Marra, Carlo A., Marc Levine, Ron McKerrow, and Bruce C. Carleton. "Overview of Health‐Related Quality‐of‐Life Measures for Pediatric Patients: Application in the Assessment of Pharmacotherapeutic and Pharmacoeconomic Outcomes." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 16, no. 5 (September 10, 1996): 879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1996.tb03005.x.
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Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important dimension in assessing health care. Several methodologic considerations are related to the manner in which these data are obtained in children. Few multidimensional generic measures of quality of life (QOL) have been developed for children and adolescents. Most published research concerns the development of tools to be used in a disease‐specific manner for clinical trials. Although several authors point out numerous advantages in assessing HRQOL in clinical practice, several barriers must be overcome for this to occur. In the current era of economic restraint, HRQOL measures must be integrated into pharmacoeconomic analyses to assess fully the impact of a drug on health care resources and outcomes.
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Neuhaus, Emily, Anthony Osuna, Daina M. Tagavi, Sina Shah-Hosseini, Shannon Simmons, Jennifer Gerdts, and Alysha D. Thompson. "Clinical Characteristics of Youth with Autism or Developmental Disability during Inpatient Psychiatric Admission." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 6328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216328.
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Children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental disabilities (ASD/DD) often experience severe co-occurring psychological and behavioral challenges, which can warrant inpatient psychiatric care. However, very little is known about the characteristics and clinical care of children with ASD/DD within the context of inpatient psychiatric settings. In this paper, we describe factors unique to inpatients with ASD or DD, by drawing on electronic health records from over 2300 children and adolescents ages 4–17 years admitted to a pediatric psychiatric inpatient unit over a 3-year period. Patients with ASD/DD accounted for approximately 16% of inpatients and 21% of admissions, were younger, more likely to be readmitted, more likely to be male, and more likely to have Medicaid insurance, as compared to patients without ASD/DD. Clinically, those with ASD/DD more frequently had externalizing concerns documented in their records, in contrast to more frequent internalizing concerns among other patients. Within the ASD/DD group, we identified effects of patient age, sex, and race/ethnicity on multiple dimensions of clinical care, including length of stay, use of physical restraint, and patterns of medication use. Results suggest the need for psychiatric screening tools that are appropriate for ASD/DD populations, and intentional integration of anti-racist practices into inpatient care, particularly with regard to use of physical restraint among youth.
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Prysiazhniuk, Svitlana. "HUMANITARIAN POLICY OF UKRAINE AS A RESTRAINT FACTOROF HYBRID AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIA." Politology bulletin, no. 91 (2023): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2023.91.229-237.
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The article attempts a political science analysis of the features of humanitarian policy as a direction of state policy, the specifics of the implementation of international humanitarian policy, as well as the correlation of national sustainability and humanitarian policy of the state. It was found that humanitarian policy is based on the recognition of inalienable human rights, including the right to a decent life for everyone, regardless of national, racial, religious, age, gender, individual or social characteristics. The humanitarian sphere unites the following policies: cultural, religious, science policy, educational policy, health care and policy in the field of tourism, sports and physical culture. One of the most effective tools for coordinating the above policies may be the state’s strategic communications system. It has proven that state humanitarian policy personifies a social phenomenon and is always associated with the specifics of civil society. The main goal of Ukraine’s modern humanitarian policy is to maximize the potential of every person and create decent conditions for the realization of all his intellectual and creative potential. Ukraine’s humanitarian policy plays an important role in strengthening the national identity and resistance of society and is a deterrent in the context of hybrid aggression from the Russian Federation.
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Ueyama, Takashi, Misako Saika, Chikako Koreeda, and Emiko Senba. "Water immersion-restraint stress induces expression of immediate-early genes in gastrointestinal tract of rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 275, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): G287—G295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.2.g287.
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The aims of this study were to determine 1) which cells are involved in stress-induced acute gastric mucosal lesion and 2) what kinds of molecular alterations are induced by stress, using immediate-early genes (IEG) as tools for detection of cellular activation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to acute water immersion-restraint stress. Protein and mRNA for IEG were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. This stress induced the expression of c- fos and nerve growth factor-induced gene (NGFI-A) mRNA in gastric epithelial cells, the smooth muscle layer of small blood vessels, and the stomach wall. Stress upregulated the mRNA levels of these IEG in the duodenal epithelial cells and induced de novo expression of IEG in the smooth muscle layer of small blood vessels and the duodenal wall. These findings indicate that these cells are activated in response to stress. Expression of these IEG and/or transcriptional factors may reflect an initiation of mechanisms for repairing the lesions induced by stress as well as an adaptation to the stress.
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Nartova-Bochaver, Sofya, and Elena Muhortova. "If People Are Attached to Plants, Do They Love Other People? Case of the Russian Youth." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10020040.
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People’s attachment to the plant world makes a great contribution to the maintenance of psychological well-being. At the same time, little is known regarding the contribution of attitudes to plants to people’s morality; the current study is aimed at filling this gap. We assumed that the more positive the attitude to plants is, the higher the level of moral motives is. The survey was conducted on the Russian sample; 257 participants (students from Moscow universities, 199 female, Mage = 21.1, SDage = 2.5) were recruited. The following tools were used: a questionnaire People and Plants (PaP) consisting of five sub-scales (joy, esthetics, practice, closeness to nature, and ecology) and Moral Motives Model scale (MMM scale) including six sub-scales (self-restraint, not harming, social order, self-reliance (industriousness), helping/fairness, and social justice). It was found that all parameters of the positive attitudes to plants, except practice, were strongly positively connected with moral motives. Multi-regression analysis allowed developing certain models demonstrating the contribution of attachment to the plant world to people’s morality. The proscriptive motives (especially self-restraint) are more sensitive to attitudes to flora as compared to prescriptive motives; prescriptive motive self-reliance was not predicted by the attitude to flora at all. Moreover, the findings seem to be gender-sensitive (predictions are higher in females). The obtained results are discussed referring to the reverence for life ethics by Schweitzer, deep ecology by Næss, biophilia hypothesis by Wilson, and psychology of moral expansiveness by Crimston et al.
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O¨stlund, J., and B. Muhammad-Klingmann. "Supersonic Flow Separation with Application to Rocket Engine Nozzles." Applied Mechanics Reviews 58, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 143–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1894402.
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The past decade has seen a qualitative advancement of our understanding of physical phenomena involved in flow separation in supersonic nozzles; in particular, the problem of side loads due to asymmetrical pressure loads, which constitutes a major restraint in the design of nozzles for satellite launchers. The development in this field is to a large extent motivated by the demand for high-performance nozzles in rocket engineering. The present paper begins with an introduction to the physical background of shock-boundary-layer interactions in basic 2D configurations, and then proceeds to internal axisymmetric nozzle flow. Special attention is given to past and recent efforts in modeling and prediction, turning physical insight into applied engineering tools. Finally, an overview is given on different technical solutions to the problem if separation and side loads, discussed in the context of rocket technology.
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Kameneva, Ol'ga Leonidovna. "Virtue of temperance (self-restraint) as the foundation of moral culture in Orthodox pedagogy." Педагогика и просвещение, no. 2 (February 2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0676.2020.2.31762.
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The subject of this research is the traditional moral value and virtue – temperance (self-restraint), which is examined in this research as the foundation of moral culture in Orthodox pedagogy. This topic is relevant in the modern era of post-modernism, where perceptions of good and evil are being diluted, forming a eudaimonic type of culture (from the Greek: εὐδαιμονία [eu̯dai̯moníaː] meaning happiness), striving for indulgence and consumption. Its fruits are often the extreme forms of excess and various types of addictions, which destroy the health and lives of young generation. Eudaimonic type of culture is counterpoised by soteriological (from the Greek: σωτηρία sōtēria meaning salvation), based on the idea of salvation of human soul, dominant of eternal moral values and virtues, and their priority over material values. The novelty of this research consists in the practically oriented nature of lessons, aimed at growing in virtues of children and their parents, as well as determination of diagnostic tools and levels of achievement of the virtue of temperance among the course participants. Based on the monitoring of the program (October – November of 2019, with participation of 65 school students and 17 parents), a conclusion is made on the high level of correlation between temperance of the Sunday school students and their parents, and direct impact of parental example upon formation of moral culture in a child.
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Milner, Samuel. "Assuming Direct Control: The Beguiling Allure of Incomes Policies in Postwar America." Journal of Policy History 31, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 42–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030618000337.
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Abstract:Histories of American economic policymaking after World War II often describe a “Fiscal Revolution,” in which Keynesian macroeconomic tools replaced the microeconomic regulations and reforms of the New Deal. This article challenges that narrative by demonstrating how the Keynesian economists responsible for the Fiscal Revolution relied upon incomes policies to ensure that inflation would not sabotage efforts to achieve full employment. In the 1960s, the White House Council of Economic Advisers pressed the Kennedy and Johnson administrations to enforce “wage-price guideposts” in order to realize the potential of the Fiscal Revolution. Yet incomes policies also encouraged policymakers to deflect responsibility for inflation onto the private sector’s behavior as an alternative to adopting the painful but necessary fiscal and monetary restraint. As a reliance on the microeconomic control of inflation persisted into the late 1970s, this approach ultimately undercut the Keynesians’ macroeconomic promises and prolonged the misery of stagflation.
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Chang, Kai-Chun. "Revealing −1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting Mechanisms by Single-Molecule Techniques and Computational Methods." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/569870.
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Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) serves as an intrinsic translational regulation mechanism employed by some viruses to control the ratio between structural and enzymatic proteins. Most viral mRNAs which use PRF adapt an H-type pseudoknot to stimulate −1 PRF. The relationship between the thermodynamic stability and the frameshifting efficiency of pseudoknots has not been fully understood. Recently, single-molecule force spectroscopy has revealed that the frequency of −1 PRF correlates with the unwinding forces required for disrupting pseudoknots, and that some of the unwinding work dissipates irreversibly due to the torsional restraint of pseudoknots. Complementary to single-molecule techniques, computational modeling provides insights into global motions of the ribosome, whose structural transitions during frameshifting have not yet been elucidated in atomic detail. Taken together, recent advances in biophysical tools may help to develop antiviral therapies that target the ubiquitous −1 PRF mechanism among viruses.
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Chaudhari, Deptii, and Ambika Vishal Pawar. "Empowering Propaganda Detection in Resource-Restraint Languages: A Transformer-Based Framework for Classifying Hindi News Articles." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 7, no. 4 (November 15, 2023): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7040175.
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Misinformation, fake news, and various propaganda techniques are increasingly used in digital media. It becomes challenging to uncover propaganda as it works with the systematic goal of influencing other individuals for the determined ends. While significant research has been reported on propaganda identification and classification in resource-rich languages such as English, much less effort has been made in resource-deprived languages like Hindi. The spread of propaganda in the Hindi news media has induced our attempt to devise an approach for the propaganda categorization of Hindi news articles. The unavailability of the necessary language tools makes propaganda classification in Hindi more challenging. This study proposes the effective use of deep learning and transformer-based approaches for Hindi computational propaganda classification. To address the lack of pretrained word embeddings in Hindi, Hindi Word2vec embeddings were created using the H-Prop-News corpus for feature extraction. Subsequently, three deep learning models, i.e., CNN (convolutional neural network), LSTM (long short-term memory), Bi-LSTM (bidirectional long short-term memory); and four transformer-based models, i.e., multi-lingual BERT, Distil-BERT, Hindi-BERT, and Hindi-TPU-Electra, were experimented with. The experimental outcomes indicate that the multi-lingual BERT and Hindi-BERT models provide the best performance, with the highest F1 score of 84% on the test data. These results strongly support the efficacy of the proposed solution and indicate its appropriateness for propaganda classification.
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Czeglédi, Edit. "A stresszkezelés alkalmazási lehetőségei az elhízás kezelésében." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 7 (February 2016): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30362.
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Overeating and physical inactivity are of great importance in the etiology of obesity. Psychological factors are often found in the background of life style. Chronic stress can contribute to physical inactivity and behaviors that hinder the keeping of a diet (e.g., irregular eating pattern, emotional eating). Results of randomized controlled trials show that relaxation can reduce emotional eating, improve cognitive restraint, and thereby reduce weight. However, stress management is more than relaxation. It consists of adaptive emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies and skills to improve relationships. Deflection skills may help in replacing emotional eating with other behaviors. Cognitive restructuring, saying no, and problem solving help to prevent or manage conflicts and difficulties otherwise would result in overeating due to distress. Developing stress management skills may result in greater compliance with the treatment. The techniques presented in the study can be easily applied by general practitioners or specialists, and provide tools for optimizing obesity treatment. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(7), 260–267.
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Sundar, Purnima, Susan Kasprzak, Tanya Halsall, and Heather Woltman. "Using Web-Based Technologies to Increase Evaluation Capacity in Organizations Providing Child and Youth Mental Health Services." Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 25, no. 1 (March 2010): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.025.005.
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Abstract: Given today’s climate of economic uncertainty and fiscal restraint, organizations providing child and youth mental health services are required to do so with limited resources. Within this context, service providers face added pressure to deliver evidence-based programs and demonstrate program effectiveness. The Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health works with organizations to meet these demands by building capacity in program evaluation. While personal instruction and mentoring are important ways of providing support, face-to-face consultations are not always cost-effective. In this article we describe the use of interactive technology and computer-based learning as an alternative and/or complementary (to face-to-face) means of delivering evaluation information and training. We discuss the process of developing these tools and share findings from our preliminary evaluation of their effectiveness in enhancing the evaluation-related supports we offer to providers of child and youth mental health services.
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Manokha, Ivan. "Surveillance, Panopticism, and Self-Discipline in the Digital Age." Surveillance & Society 16, no. 2 (July 15, 2018): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v16i2.8346.
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The objective of this paper is to revisit the metaphor of the Panopticon, borrowed by Michel Foucault from Jeremy Bentham to describe the development of disciplinary institutions in Western societies from the early nineteenth century, and to examine its relevance for the analysis of modern electronic means of surveillance. Widely used in the early stages of the study of new surveillance technologies, the metaphor of the Panopticon, particularly in the field of ‘surveillance studies,’ is growingly seen as inadequate to understand the impact of the latest surveillance tools and practices. This paper seeks to show that dominant interpretations of Foucault’s use of Panopticon as referring to techniques of domination or to ‘power over,’ while legitimate as regards some of his earlier writings, overlook Foucault’s later works on technologies of the self. That is, in Panoptic dispositifs in particular, as well as in settings involving power/knowledge configurations defining ‘normality’ more generally, individuals may end up exercising power over themselves without any coercion. It is argued here that the development of modern information and communication technologies may be said to produce a setting, the description of which as ‘panoptic’ is even more pertinent than was the case with respect to Western societies of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Building upon recent empirical works on the ‘chilling effect,’ particularly in the wake of Edward Snowden’s revelations in 2013, the article discusses modern technologies of the self—self-restraint and self-censorship—that new technologies, enabling different forms of surveillance, produce in Western societies. It also outlines the areas in which the notion of the Panopticon may be useful in terms of guiding research into self-discipline and self-restraint in the context of the proliferation of modern techniques of surveillance.
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Kotiev, G. O., A. V. Petyukov, and A. V. Gonsales Astua. "Experimental-theoretical method for studying the vehicle airbag modules functioning." Trudy NAMI, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-2-15-24.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The airbag belongs to the passive vehicle safety system (SRS - Supplementary Restraint System) and is the most important (together with the seat belt) restraint system that protects the driver and passengers in a collision with static or moving objects. The main task of the SRS is to minimize injuries to the driver and passengers and reduce deaths in various road traffic accidents. For the development and testing of modern high-tech airbag modules, it is necessary to have informative theoretical and experimental methods for studying the non-stationary processes of their functioning.The purpose of the study was to develop an experimental-theoretical research method based on modern highly informative tools of experimental physics of fast processes and numerical methods for continuous media dynamics.Methodology and research methods. To study the functioning dynamics of vehicle airbag modules, an experimental method for determining the kinematic and acoustic parameters has been developed and implemented, and a mathematical model of an airbag functioning process has been formulated and implemented in the LS-DYNA environment with the help of corpuscular particles method.Scientific novelty and results. The created experimental-theoretical method allowed both to simulate the functioning processes of the developed and tested airbag modules, and to carry out field tests of these modules. In addition, the experiment made it possible to carry out a detailed verification of the numerical method for calculating the airbag operation, on the basis of which it was also possible to perform numerical calculations interaction of the airbag and an anthropometric dummy model.Practical significance. The developed method for studying the processes of airbag modules functioning is an important and necessary component of creating a scientific, technical and experimental base for the development and production of passive safety systems.
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Kumazhege, Stephen Z., Eric B. Enoch, Nasiru Sani Zakirai, and Umar Abubakar Madabai. "Assessment of Autotronics Servicing Skill Needs among Roadside Mechanics for the Use of Auto Scan Tools." Journal of Novel Engineering Science and Technology 2, no. 02 (July 4, 2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56741/jnest.v2i02.372.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the Autotronics Servicing Skills needs among Roadside Mechanics and Master Trainers using auto scan tools. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study was carried out in 9 local government areas of Kano State. The study population was 90 Road Side Mechanics, and Masters Trainers selected through a simple random sampling technique. The whole population was used for the study. A structured questionnaire validated by three experts from the Department of Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University, Yola and trial tested for internal consistency in the Ringim local government area of Jigawa State was used. The instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The instrument structured on 5 points Likert scale was used to elicit information on using the Onboard diagnostic (OBD2) and Launch code reader professional 123 (CRP123) for diagnosing vehicle systems faults. Data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions. Z-test statistics were used to test the null hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. The study found out that Roadside Mechanics need autotronics servicing skills in the use of OBD2 and CRP123 for diagnosing and fixing problems in the engine, transmission, airbag (supplemental restraint system SRS), anti-lock braking system (ABS), and emission-related systems. The study recommended that ASS acquisition centres should be established in Kano State by organizations like the Ministries of Labour, the National Directorate for Employment (NDE), the National Automotive Design and Development Council (NADDC), the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) and so on to enable Roadside Mechanics and other people who wish to learn the skills to acquire the required training to meet up with the challenges ever increasing in the motor vehicle technology.