Journal articles on the topic 'Restoration trials'
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Peng, Guodong, and Hui Yan. "Short-term and long-term outcomes of zirconium dioxidebased dental restorations, and it effects on masticatory function." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 21, no. 6 (August 10, 2022): 1301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v21i6.24.
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Purpose: To investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of zirconium dioxide-based restorations (ZDBR), and changes in masticatory function (MF).Methods: One hundred and two (102) patients who received restorative dentistry procedures were divided into two groups using random number method: control group (CG, n = 52, alloy-based restorations) and study group (SG, n = 50, zirconium dioxide restorations). Treatment efficacy, quality, levels of IL-8 and IL-6 in gingival sulcus fluid, and satisfaction scores were compared.Results: The SG showed better outcomes and restoration quality than CG. After restoration, SG showed greater decrease in IL-8 and IL-6 levels than CG (p < 0.05), while IL-8 and IL-6 levels were higher in SG and CG than those before restoration (p < 0.05). After 1 and 6 months of restoration, SG showed increased dental appearance satisfaction and a higher success rate than CG (p < 0.05). Occlusal force and MF were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). Gingival index, bleeding index, plaque index, and tooth looseness after restoration significantly improved in both groups, but were lower in SG than in CG (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In oral restorations, ZDBR is more effective in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes. Patients' occlusal force and MF are better restored, and patients' quality of life is also significantly improved. Therefore, ZDBR in oral restorations is feasible but further clinical trials are required.
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Mickenautsch, Steffen, and Veerasamy Yengopal. "Failure Rate of Direct High-Viscosity Glass-Ionomer Versus Hybrid Resin Composite Restorations in Posterior Permanent Teeth - a Systematic Review." Open Dentistry Journal 9, no. 1 (December 23, 2015): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601509010438.
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Purpose Traditionally, resin composite restorations are claimed by reviews of the dental literature as being superior to glass-ionomer fillings in terms of restoration failures in posterior permanent teeth. The aim of this systematic review is to answer the clinical question, whether conventional high-viscosity glass-ionomer restorations, in patients with single and/or multi-surface cavities in posterior permanent teeth, have indeed a higher failure rate than direct hybrid resin composite restorations. Methods Eight databases were searched until December 02, 2013. Trials were assessed for bias risks, in-between datasets heterogeneity and statistical sample size power. Effects sizes were computed and statistically compared. A total of 55 citations were identified through systematic literature search. From these, 46 were excluded. No trials related to high-viscosity glass-ionomers versus resin composite restorations for direct head-to-head comparison were found. Three trials related to high-viscosity glass-ionomers versus amalgam and three trials related to resin composite versus amalgam restorations could be included for adjusted indirect comparison, only. Results The available evidence suggests no difference in the failure rates between both types of restoration beyond the play of chance, is limited by lack of head-to-head comparisons and an insufficient number of trials, as well as by high bias and in-between-dataset heterogeneity risk. The current clinical evidence needs to be regarded as too poor in order to justify superiority claims regarding the failure rates of both restoration types. Sufficiently large-sized, parallel-group, randomised control trials with high internal validity are needed, in order to justify any clinically meaningful judgment to this topic.
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Mundi, Raman, Asheesh Bedi, Linda Chow, Sarah Crouch, Nicole Simunovic, Elizabeth Sibilsky Enselman, and Olufemi R. Ayeni. "Cartilage Restoration of the Knee." American Journal of Sports Medicine 44, no. 7 (July 2, 2015): 1888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546515589167.
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Background: Focal cartilage defects of the knee are a substantial cause of pain and disability in active patients. There has been an emergence of randomized controlled trials evaluating surgical techniques to manage such injuries, including marrow stimulation (MS), autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT). Purpose: A meta-analysis was conducted to determine if any single technique provides superior clinical results at intermediate follow-up. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched and supplemented with manual searches of PubMed and reference lists. Eligible studies consisted exclusively of randomized controlled trials comparing MS, ACI, or OAT techniques in patients with focal cartilage defects of the knee. The primary outcome of interest was function (Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) and pain at 24 months postoperatively. A meta-analysis using standardized mean differences was performed to provide a pooled estimate of effect comparing treatments. Results: A total of 12 eligible randomized trials with a cumulative sample size of 765 patients (62% males) and a mean (±SD) lesion size of 3.9 ± 1.3 cm2 were included in this review. There were 5 trials comparing ACI with MS, 3 comparing ACI with OAT, and 3 evaluating different generations of ACI. In a pooled analysis comparing ACI with MS, there was no difference in outcomes at 24-month follow-up for function (standardized mean difference, 0.47 [95% CI, –0.19 to 1.13]; P = .16) or pain (standardized mean difference, –0.13 [95% CI, –0.39 to 0.13]; P = .33). The comparisons of ACI to OAT or between different generations of ACI were not amenable to pooled analysis. Overall, 5 of the 6 trials concluded that there was no significant difference in functional outcomes between ACI and OAT or between generations of ACI. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between MS, ACI, and OAT in improving function and pain at intermediate-term follow-up. Further randomized trials with long-term outcomes are warranted.
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Finner, Andreas, Berthold Rzany, and Jerry Shapiro. "Evidence Based Hair Restoration: Designing Clinical Trials." International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery 16, no. 3 (May 2006): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33589/16.3.0085.
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Doshi, Peter, Florence Bourgeois, Kyungwan Hong, Mark Jones, Haeyoung Lee, Larissa Shamseer, O'Mareen Spence, and Tom Jefferson. "Adjuvant-containing control arms in pivotal quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine trials: restoration of previously unpublished methodology." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 25, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111331.
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PurposeTrustworthy reporting of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trials is the foundation for assessing the vaccine’s risks and benefits. However, several pivotal trial publications incompletely reported important methodological details and inaccurately described the formulation that the control arms received. Under the Restoring Invisible and Abandoned Trials initiative (RIAT), we aim to restore the public record regarding the content and rationale of the controls used in the trials.MethodsWe assembled a cohort (five randomised controlled trials) described as placebo-controlled using clinical study reports (CSRs) obtained from the European Medicines Agency. We extracted the content and rationale for the choice of control used in each trial across six data sources: trial publications, register records, CSR synopses, CSR main bodies, protocols and informed consent forms.ResultsAcross data sources, the control was inconsistently reported as ‘placebo’-containing aluminium adjuvant (sometimes with dose information). Amorphous aluminium hydroxyphosphate sulfate (AAHS) was not mentioned in any trial registry entry, but was mentioned in all publications and CSRs. In three of five trials, consent forms described the control as an ‘inactive’ substance. No rationale for the selection of the control was reported in any trial publication, register, consent form, CSR synopsis or protocol. Three trials reported the rationale for choice of control in CSRs: to preserve blinding and assess the safety of HPV virus-like particles as the ‘safety profile of (AAHS) is well characterised’.ConclusionsThe stated rationale of using AAHS control—to characterise the safety of the HPV virus-like particles—lacks clinical relevance. A non-placebo control may have obscured an accurate assessment of safety and the participant consent process of some trials raises ethical concerns.Trial registration numbersNCT00092482, NCT00092521, NCT00092534, NCT00090220, NCT00090285.
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Nakabayashi, Itsuki, Shin Aiba, and Taro Ichiko. "Pre-Disaster Restoration Measure of Preparedness for Post-Disaster Restoration in Tokyo." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0407.
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Learning from the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Tokyo Metropolitan Government has been preparing the restoration and reconstruction measures from a huge amount of damages caused by next Tokyo Earthquake. We are developing the methodology of earthquake restoration exercise with local government and residents according to TMG's restoration measures. In this paper, such unique trials of pre-disaster restoration measures in Tokyo are introduced and evaluated.
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Hayashi, M., N. H. F. Wilson, and D. C. Watts. "Quality of Marginal Adaptation Evaluation of Posterior Composites in Clinical Trials." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 1 (January 2003): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200113.
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The evaluation of margins of restorations in clinical trials relies on the subjective assessment of evaluators, with no instrument having been developed, let alone validated, to assist in the process. The purpose of the present study was to assess the quality of evaluations of marginal adaptation by analyzing the distribution of marginal steps rated according to clinical criteria. Replicas of 435 restorations, the marginal qualities of which had been evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria, were randomly selected from the Occlusin TM multi-center clinical trial program. The marginal step height in the most deteriorated area of each restoration was measured by means of a digital step-height instrument. An overlap between the steps in the restorations with A (Alfa; replacement unnecessary) and B (Bravo; replacement questionable) ratings was found to be in the range of 101 μm to 321 μm. When the steps with a height greater or less than one standard deviation of the mean were excluded, the overlap was reduced to a range of 168 μm to 173 μm. This finding indicates a marginal height boundary between A and B ratings for marginal adaptation of 170 ± 3 μm.
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&NA;. "Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Trials for Functional Restoration." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 84, supplement (November 2005): S99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002060-200511001-00005.
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&NA;. "Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Trials for Functional Restoration." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 84, supplement (November 2005): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002060-200511001-00006.
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Nelson, Shannon V., Neil C. Hansen, Matthew D. Madsen, Val Jo Anderson, Dennis L. Eggett, and Bryan G. Hopkins. "Superabsorbent Polymer Use in Rangeland Restoration: Glasshouse Trials." Land 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010232.
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Post-disturbance rangeland restoration efforts are often thwarted due to soil moisture deficits. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) absorb hundreds of times their weight in water, increasing soil moisture when the SAP is mixed with soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate banded SAPs under the soil surface to increase plant available water and thus seedling establishment for perennial rangeland species during restoration efforts. Five glasshouse experiments with two rangeland perennial grass species, bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides) or Siberian wheatgrass (Agropyron fragile), were conducted. Treatments varied, including SAP rates ranging from 11–3000 kg ha−1 with placement mostly banded at depths extending from the surface up to a 15 cm depth. Generally, SAPs increased soil moisture at all rates and depths for up to 49 days. However, rates ≥ 750 kg ha−1 caused the soil to swell and crack, potentially hastening soil drying later in the season. Seedling longevity was increased up to 12 days, especially at the high SAP band rate of 3000 kg ha−1 when the band was 8 or 15 cm deep. Further work is needed to verify banded SAP rates and placement depths in the field, ascertain conditions to reduce soil displacement, and evaluate benefits across species.
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Uku, Jacqueline, Lillian Daudi, Charles Muthama, Victor Alati, Alex Kimathi, and Samuel Ndirangu. "Seagrass restoration trials in tropical seagrass meadows of Kenya." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 20, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v20i2.6.
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The degradation of seagrasses is becoming prevalent in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region due to anchor damage, sea urchin herbivory, extreme events such as cyclones and floods and anthropogenic factors such as pollution and sediment inflows. Consequently, there have been numerous efforts to advance the restoration of degraded seagrass beds in several countries in the region. In Kenya, experimental restoration efforts were started in 2007 in response to seagrass habitat degradation due to sea urchin herbivory. Although the initial efforts experienced challenges, there were lessons learned which provided insights into subsequent restoration work using different techniques. In this paper, insights are provided into three types of restoration techniques; the sod technique, the seagrass mimic technique, and the Hessian bag technique. In the case of the sod technique, Thalassodendron ciliatum showed a decline from 20 ± 1.7 shoots sod-1 in the first three weeks to 7 ± 4.4 shoots sod-1 at the end of the experimental period of the study, while Thalassia hemprichii sods showed an increase from 28 ± 3.4 shoots sod-1 to 32 ± 2.7 shoots sod-1 over the same period. For the Hessian bag method, the expectation was that the pilot site would be filled with the transplanted seagrass species, Thalassia hemprichii, but the findings showed that different species including Halodule uninervis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila stipulacea, Cymodocea rotundata, and Cymodocea serrulata colonized the area. This indicated that it was not possible to restore the area to its original status, but that the area could be rehabilitated. The costs of restoration have also been assessed as well as community participation in such initiatives. These findings provide insights for restoration efforts in Kenya and provide a baseline for future work.
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Arbildo-Vega, Heber Isac, Barbara Lapinska, Saurav Panda, César Lamas-Lara, Abdul Samad Khan, and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska. "Clinical Effectiveness of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Resin Composite Restorations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081786.
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The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill and conventional resin in composite restorations. A bibliographic search was carried out until May 2020, in the biomedical databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and Web of Science. The study selection criteria were: randomized clinical trials, in English, with no time limit, with a follow-up greater than or equal to 6 months and that reported the clinical effects (absence of fractures, absence of discoloration or marginal staining, adequate adaptation marginal, absence of post-operative sensitivity, absence of secondary caries, adequate color stability and translucency, proper surface texture, proper anatomical form, adequate tooth integrity without wear, adequate restoration integrity, proper occlusion, absence of inflammation and adequate point of contact) of restorations made with conventional and bulk resins. The risk of bias of the study was analyzed using the Cochrane Manual of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Sixteen articles were eligible and included in the study. The results indicated that there is no difference between restorations with conventional and bulk resins for the type of restoration, type of tooth restored and restoration technique used. However, further properly designed clinical studies are required in order to reach a better conclusion.
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Kolodkina, Valentina I. "ANALYSIS OF THE CLINICAL EFFICIENCY OF RESTORATIVE FILLING MATERIALS." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 26, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2019-26-2-64-70.
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Aim. To conduct a clinical assessment of short- and long-term surface sealing in patients having a different hygienic status of the oral cavity.Materials and methods. For clinical trials, a group of 250 male and female patients aged 25–45 years old and diagnosed with Black’s class III and V carious lesions was selected. All patients were divided into three groups depending on the state of oral hygiene and the applied methods of aesthetic restoration: control group — defect restoration by Filtek Z-250 microhybrid composite (3M ESPE); comparison group — Filtek Z-250 restoration (3M ESPE) + Easy Glaze (Voco) surface sealing on the day of restoration; and the main group with three subgroups: 2α subgroup — Restavrin restoration + Easy Glaze sealant on the day of treatment; 2β subgroup — Restavrin restoration + Easy Glaze sealant on the day of treatment and re-sealing with a frequency of 1 time per year; 2γ subgroup — Restavrin restoration + Easy Glaze sealant on the day of treatment and re-sealing with a frequency of 1 time per 6 months. The quality of caries cavities was assessed by USPHS criteria, including anatomical shape (AS), marginal pigmentation (MP), marginal adaptation (MA), the presence of secondary caries (SC) and sensitivity (S). The evaluation was conducted on the day of the visit and following 6, 12 and 24 months.Results. A comparison of the clinical evaluation of photocomposite restorations by the Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) microhybrid composite in the control group of patients, in comparison group and in the main Restavrin (Technodent) group showed that the Easy Glaze (Voco) surface sealing of the Restavrin composite restorations carried out in the 2α subgroup of the main group onе time on the day of restoration, in the 2β subgroup with re-sealing after 12 months, and in the 2γ subgroup with sealing every 6 months had allowed the maximum number of restorations to be corresponded to the “satisfactory” value according to the AS, MP, MA, SC, S evaluation criteria throughout the entire observation period.Conclusion. The Restavrin (Technodent, Russia) polymeric nanohybrid fi lling material is shown to produce the most effective and durable restorations compared to other materials under study. The applicatiyon of Restavrin followed by the Easy Glaze (Voco) sealing protective system with a frequency dependent on the hygienic status of the oral cavity allows therapeutic methods for dentin caries treatment to be optimized.
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Dietschi, D., A. Argente, I. Krejci, and M. Mandikos. "In Vitro Performance of Class I and II Composite Restorations: A Literature review on Nondestructive Laboratory Trials—Part II." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): E182—E200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-020b-lit.
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ABSTRACT A literature review was conducted on adhesive Class I and II restorations and nondestructive in vitro tests using the PubMed/Medline database for the 1995-2010 period. The first part of this review has presented and critically appraised selected literature dealing with the quality and in vitro behavior of adhesive Class II restorations using photoelasticity, finite element analysis, and microleakage study protocols. This second part reviews additional parameters, which are deformation and fracture resistance to cyclic loading, shrinkage stress and tooth deformation following restoration placement, bond strength (microtensile, tensile, and shear tests), and marginal and internal adaptation. In addition, a “relevance score” has been proposed that aims to classify the different study protocols according, firstly, to the resulting quality, quantity, and consistency of the evidence and then, secondly, to their potential clinical relevance, as estimated by their ability to simulate oral and biomechanical strains. The highest clinical relevance was attributed to marginal and internal adaptation studies, following cyclic loading in a moist environement. However, a combination of in vitro protocols will have an even greater predictive potential and has to be considered as a crucial preclinical research approach with which to investigate the numerous restorative configurations that cannot be efficiently and rapidly tested in vivo.
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Opdam, Niek. "Clinical trials: Randomization, completeness of data and restoration longevity." Dental Materials 32, no. 4 (April 2016): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.01.010.
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Aldakheel, Majed, Khalid Aldosary, Shatha Alnafissah, Rahaf Alaamer, Anwar Alqahtani, and Nora Almuhtab. "Deep Margin Elevation: Current Concepts and Clinical Considerations: A Review." Medicina 58, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101482.
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Dietschi and Spreafico first proposed deep margin elevation (DME) in 1998 to address the multiple clinical problems associated with sub-gingival margins, where sub-gingival margins will be repositioned coronally using composite resin restorations. Given that dentistry is directing towards conservatism, its use is currently trending. Materials and Methods: a search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines to obtain relevant articles with no time restriction. Results: With biological width taken into consideration, well-defined and polished sub-gingival restorations are compatible with periodontal health. Marginal integrity in the DME technique seems to be affected by the type of adhesive, restoration, and incremental layering of the restoration. Regarding fracture resistance, DME has no significant effects. Conclusion: The DME technique seems to be a minimally invasive alternative to surgical crown lengthening (SCL) and orthodontic extrusion (OE) with respect to biological width. Well-controlled clinical trials are limited in this field; further long-term follow-up studies emphasizing the periodontal outcomes and prevention of complications are needed.
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Thongkumkoon, Patcharawadee, Siriwadee Chomdej, Jatupol Kampuansai, Waranee Pradit, Pimubon Waikham, Stephen Elliott, Sutthathorn Chairuangsri, Dia Panitnard Shannon, Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, and Aizhong Liu. "Genetic assessment of three Fagaceae species in forest restoration trials." PeerJ 7 (May 28, 2019): e6958. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6958.
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Restoring isolated patches of forest ecosystems in degraded landscapes could potentially lead to genetic loss and inbreeding. Therefore, this study determined the occurrence of genetic diversity among the tree species Castanopsis tribuloides, C. calathiformis, and Lithocarpus polystachyus all of which were proven previously to be effective native tree species in the restoration of upland evergreen forests in northern Thailand when using the seed sample collection method. We tested our hypothesis as to whether the genetic diversity of a plant population that had been planted from the seeds of 4–6 adult trees would be lower and whether incidences of fixation index (Fis) would be higher among the second generation seedlings of these three Fagaceae species in isolated forest restoration trial plots. Microsatellite primers were selected from the entire genome sequence of C. tribuloides and the genetic sequences of C. tribuloides, L. polystachyus, and C. calathiformis were analyzed. Our results indicated a high degree of genetic diversity (He) in C. tribuloides (0.736) and C. calathiformis (0.481); however, a low level of genetic diversity was observed in L. polystachyus (0.281) within the restored forest. The fixation index for the second generation of L. polystachyus and C. calathiformis in the restored forest showed evidence of inbreeding. These results imply the efficiency of the seed sample collection method and verify that it does not reduce the level of genetic diversity in C. tribuloides and C. calathiformis. However, it may result in incidences of an inbreeding phenomena, suggesting the need to increase the number of adult trees used at the seed collection stage.
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Carlyle-Moses, Darryl E., Andrew D. Park, and Jessie Lee Cameron. "Modelling rainfall interception loss in forest restoration trials in Panama." Ecohydrology 3, no. 3 (August 23, 2010): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.105.
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Mayo-Wilson, Evan, Xiwei Chen, Riaz Qureshi, Stephanie Dickinson, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Hwanhee Hong, Carsten Görg, and Tianjing Li. "Restoring invisible and abandoned trials of gabapentin for neuropathic pain: a clinical and methodological investigation." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e047785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047785.
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IntroductionGabapentin (Neurontin) is prescribed widely for conditions for which it has not been approved by regulators, including certain neuropathic pain conditions. There is limited evidence that gabapentin is safe and effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Published trial reports, and systematic reviews based on published trial reports, mislead patients and providers because information about gabapentin’s harms has been published only partly. We confirmed that trials conducted by the drug developer have been abandoned, and we plan to conduct a restoration with support from the Restoring Invisible and Abandoned Trials Support Centre (https://restoringtrials.org/).Methods and analysisIn this study, we will analyse and report the harms that were observed in six trials of gabapentin, which have not been reported publicly (eg, in journal articles). We will use clinical study reports and individual participant data to identify and report the harms observed in each individual trial and to summarise the harms observed across all six trials. We will report all adverse events observed in the included trials by sharing deidentified data and summary tables on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/w8puv/). Additionally, we will produce a summary report that describes differences between the randomised groups in each trial and across trials for prespecified harms outcomes.Ethics and disseminationWe will use secondary data. This study was determined to be exempt from Institutional Review Board (IRB) review (protocol #1910607198).
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Werner, PA. "Principles of restoration ecology relevant to degraded rangelands." Rangeland Journal 12, no. 1 (1990): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9900034.
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The main task of rangeland restoration seems to be one of repair, or reassembly, of damaged landscapes and biota, but in fact, managers and scientists must assemble entirely new communities of plants and animals. The goals of particular restoration projects vary greatly, although they often contain the same set of potentially incompatible qualities, that is, the new community may be required to be selfsustaining, stable, minimally disruptive to native biota, and yet produce a high yield of introduced animals. Ecological principals, theories, paradigms, and current ideas which may be usefully applied to restoration projects are discussed, as well as a general protocol to use in conducting restorations. Mychomzae (special fungi on plant roots), natural seed banks in the soil, and colonizing abilities of plants are important considerations in the establishment of vegetation. Understanding the behaviour of species and species interactions is necessary (but not sufficient) in order to formulate 'rules' for constructing communities of plants and animals which would be self-sustaining, stable, minimally disruptive to native biota, and yet produce a high yield of an introduced animal. Knowledge of succession, ecosystem processes, and the importance of spatial relationships of food and habitat for animals are all potentially applicable to restoration of rangelands. The application of ecological principles to restoration work has the advantages of efficiency of trials, generality of results, and an enhanced public image. In return, restoration work is the acid test of ecological science, that is, whether it provides the knowledge and understanding to recreate a new, functional, stable community. It also provides scientists with the opportunity to conduct large-scale and long-term tests of ecological theory, impossible in most other research projects.
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Rocha, AC, WLO Da Rosa, AR Cocco, AF Da Silva, E. Piva, and R.-G. Lund. "Influence of Surface Treatment on Composite Adhesion in Noncarious Cervical Lesions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-086-l.
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SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of dentin surface treatments on the retention rate of resin composite restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Seven randomized clinical trials were included in this review. Data regarding retention rate, type of surface treatment, and the main characteristics of studies were analyzed. Two reviewers performed a literature search up to December 2016 in eight databases: PubMed (Medline), Lilacs, Ibecs, Web of Science, BBO, Scopus, Scielo and The Cochrane Library. Only clinical trials evaluating dentin surface treatments in resin composite restoration in NCCLs were included. Noncontrolled clinical trials, reviews, editorial letters, case reports, case series and studies published in a language other than English, Portuguese, or Spanish were not included. The included studies evaluated different surface treatments, such as using an adhesive system with a frictional technique, drying the dentin, and removing sclerotic dentin by using a bur and applying EDTA before primer use. The analysis considering the mechanical removal of dentin surface with a bur and the application of an adhesive system in a frictional mode showed these treatments improved retention rates of the resin composite restorations in NCCLs (p<0.05). There is evidence in the literature suggesting that the mechanical removal of dentin surface with a bur and the application of an adhesive system in a frictional mode could improve the retention rates of resin composite restorations in NCCLs. However, the studies showed high heterogeneity, and additional clinical trials are needed to determine the best dentin treatment option in NCCLs.
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Demarco, Flávio Fernando, Márcia Silva Rosa, Sandra Beatriz Chaves Tarquínio, and Evandro Piva. "Influence of the restoration quality on the success of pulpotomy treatment: a preliminary retrospective study." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 1 (March 2005): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000100015.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical status of pulpotomy treatment with calcium hydroxide and to correlate it with the quality of restoration of the treated teeth. Patients were retrieved from the files of the Operative Dentistry clinics (FOUFPel) between 1996 and 2000. Twenty-two patients were recalled, which had 23 teeth treated with pulpotomy due to exposure by caries. Seven anterior and 16 posterior teeth composed the evaluated group, being all restored with composite resin. The age varied from 15-50 years (mean 23.9) and the follow-up mean was 34.52 months. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to evaluate the clinical status of treatment. The criteria used, clinically favorable and failure, were based on the following clinical exams: pulp vitality; sensitivity; and periapical alterations. The quality of the restorations was based on the USPHS criteria. Pulpotomy treatment was ranked as clinically favorable in 10 teeth (43.5%), 4 in anterior and 6 in posterior teeth. Failure was verified in 13 teeth (56.5%), 4 anterior and 9 posterior. From the group clinically favorable, 90% of the restorations were ranked as clinically satisfactory, while only 10% were unsatisfactory. In the failure group, 77.8% of the restorations were classified was unsatisfactory and 22.2% were ranked as satisfactory. The statistical analysis (Fisher´s exact test) demonstrated that there is a statistically significant association between the clinical status of pulpotomy and restoration quality (p<0.05). Within the limitation of the study, it was verified that the quality of restoration could influence the favorable clinical status of pulpotomized teeth. Randomized clinical trials are required to confirm these preliminary data.
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Gallusi, Gianni, Antonio Libonati, Mario Piro, Virginia Di Taranto, Edoardo Montemurro, and Vincenzo Campanella. "Is Dental Amalgam a Higher Risk Factor rather than Resin-Based Restorations for Systemic Conditions? A Systematic Review." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081980.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that patients with one or more amalgam restorations have an increased risk for systemic diseases rather than patients with resin-based restorations. Data: The data search produced an initial 3568 total number of records. All titles and abstract were reviewed by five independent examiners, and only 36 records were selected for full text in depth examination. Out of these, only nine publications matched the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Sources: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to June 2019. In addition, a manual search was carried out on journals related to this topic. Study selection: All selected human clinical studies compared patients with dental amalgam restorations to patients with non-amalgam restorations on restorative material related diseases/health conditions with at least 50 patients and a reasonable follow up. The systemic effects of dental restorations were analyzed. As for any systemic effects, there was no difference between amalgam and composite restoration. Conclusions: With the limitations of the few available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the matter, amalgam restorations, similarly to other modern resin-based materials, were not related to an increased risk of systemic diseases or conditions. Clinical significance: On the basis of the available RCTs, amalgam restorations, if compared with resin-based fillings, do not show an increased risk for systemic diseases. There is still insufficient evidence to exclude or demonstrate any direct influence on general health. The removal of old amalgam restorations and their substitution with more modern adhesive restorations should be performed only when clinically necessary and not just for material concerns. In order to better evaluate the safety of dental amalgam compared to other more modern restorative materials, further RCTs that consider important parameters such as long and uniform follow up periods, number of restorations per patient, and sample populations representative of chronic or degenerative diseases are needed.
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Sakai, Daiki, Hiroshi Tomita, and Akiko Maeda. "Optogenetic Therapy for Visual Restoration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315041.
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Optogenetics is a recent breakthrough in neuroscience, and one of the most promising applications is the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Multiple clinical trials are currently ongoing, less than a decade after the first attempt at visual restoration using optogenetics. Optogenetic therapy has great value in providing hope for visual restoration in late-stage retinal degeneration, regardless of the genotype. This alternative gene therapy consists of multiple elements including the choice of target retinal cells, optogenetic tools, and gene delivery systems. Currently, there are various options for each element, all of which have been developed as a product of technological success. In particular, the performance of optogenetic tools in terms of light and wavelength sensitivity have been improved by engineering microbial opsins and applying human opsins. To provide better post-treatment vision, the optimal choice of optogenetic tools and effective gene delivery to retinal cells is necessary. In this review, we provide an overview of the advancements in optogenetic therapy for visual restoration, focusing on available options for optogenetic tools and gene delivery methods.
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Willis, A. J., J. H. Tallis, and D. W. Yalden. "Peak District Moorland Restoration Project. Phase 2 Report: Re-vegetation Trials." Journal of Ecology 73, no. 1 (March 1985): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2259803.
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Saliba, Walid, and Oussama M. Wazni. "Sinus Rhythm Restoration and Treatment Success: Insight From Recent Clinical Trials." Clinical Cardiology 34, no. 1 (January 2011): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.20826.
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Saltzman, Bryan Michael, Michael L. Redondo, Adam Beer, Eric J. Cotter, Rachel M. Frank, Adam B. Yanke, and Brian J. Cole. "Wide Variation in Methodology in Level I and II Studies on Cartilage Repair: A Systematic Review of Available Clinical Trials Comparing Patient Demographics, Treatment Means, and Outcomes Reporting." CARTILAGE 12, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947603518809398.
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Background The management of complex cartilage pathology in young, otherwise healthy patients can be difficult. Purpose To determine the nature of the design, endpoints chosen, and rate at which the endpoints were met in published studies and ongoing clinical trials that investigate cartilage repair and restoration procedures. Study Design Systematic review. Methods A systematic review of the publicly available level I/II literature and of the publicly listed clinical trials regarding cartilage repair and restoration procedures for the knee was conducted adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Seventeen published studies and 52 clinical trials were included. Within the 17 published studies, the most common procedure studied was microfracture (MFX) + augmentation ( N = 5; 29.4%) and the most common comparison/control group was MFX ( N = 10; 58.8%). In total, 13 different cartilage procedure groups were evaluated. For published studies, the most common patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures assessed is the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Visual Analog Scale–Pain (VAS) ( N = 10 studies, 58.8% each, respectively). Overall, there are 10 different PROs used among the included studies. Ten studies demonstrate superiority, 5 demonstrate noninferiority, and 2 demonstrate inferiority to the comparison or control groups. For the clinical trials included, the most common procedure studied is MFX + augmentation ( N = 16; 30.8%). The most common PRO assessed is KOOS ( N = 36 trials; 69.2%), and overall there are 24 different PROs used among the included studies. Conclusions Recently published studies and clinical trials evaluate a variety of cartilage repair and restoration strategies for the knee, most commonly MFX + augmentation, at various time points of outcome evaluation, with KOOS and VAS scores being used most commonly. MFX remains the most common comparison group for these therapeutic investigations. Most studies demonstrate superiority versus comparison or control groups. Understanding the nature of published and ongoing clinical trials will be helpful in the investigation of emerging technologies required to navigate the regulatory process while studying a relatively narrow population of patients.
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Melgar, Ximena C., Niek J. M. Opdam, Marcos Britto Correa, Renata Franzon, Flávio Fernando Demarco, Fernando B. Araujo, and Luciano Casagrande. "Survival and Associated Risk Factors of Selective Caries Removal Treatments in Primary Teeth: A Retrospective Study in a High Caries Risk Population." Caries Research 51, no. 5 (2017): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478535.
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Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the survival probability of selective caries removal (SCR) treatments in the primary teeth of children with high caries experience and factors potentially associated with treatment failure. Methods: The sample included SCR treatments conducted in anterior and posterior teeth without sedation or general anesthesia among children attending a university dental service. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox regression with shared frailty was used to assess risk factors. Results: A total of 284 SCR treatments in 88 children (aged 5.2 ± 1.91 years) with high caries experience (mean dmft/DMFT = 11.1 ± 5.04) were analyzed. The 3-year survival reached 48.8%, with an annual failure rate of 21.2%. Restorative failures (n = 60) were found more frequently compared to pulp complications (n = 12). SCR performed in anterior primary teeth were more prone to failure (hazard ratio = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.94; 6.71). Patients with a higher amount of visible plaque experienced more failures in SCR treatments (hazard ratio 3.0, 95% CI:1.27; 7.07). Conclusions: In this retrospective study, SCR showed restricted survival when compared to other prospective clinical trials. Patient-related factors, especially the young age and high caries experience of the children, may represent a challenge for restoration survival. Regardless of the caries removal technique or restorative material, cariogenic biofilm has a negative effect on the survival of restorations, probably by acting directly on material deterioration and, particularly, on the development of new caries lesions of rapid progression.
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Amesti-Garaizabal, Agustín-Panadero, Verdejo-Solá, Fons-Font, Fernández-Estevan, Montiel-Company, and Solá-Ruíz. "Fracture Resistance of Partial Indirect Restorations Made With CAD/CAM Technology. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 9, 2019): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111932.
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Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the fracture resistance and survival rate of partial indirect restorations inlays, onlays, and overlays fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology from ceramics, composite resin, resin nanoceramic, or hybrid ceramic and to analyze the influence of proximal box elevation on fracture resistance. Materials and methods: This systematic review was based on guidelines proposed by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). An electronic search was conducted in databases US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Embase. In vitro trials published during the last 10 years were included in the review. Results: Applying inclusion criteria based on the review’s population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question, 13 articles were selected. Meta-analysis by restoration type estimated the fracture resistance of inlays to be 1923.45 Newtons (N); of onlays 1644 N and of overlays 1383.6 N. Meta-analysis by restoration material obtained an estimated fracture resistance for ceramic of 1529.5 N, for composite resin of 1600 Ne, for resin nanoceramic 2478.7 N, and hybrid ceramic 2108 N. Conclusions: Resin nanoceramic inlays present significantly higher fracture resistance values. Proximal box elevation does not exert any influence on the fracture resistance of indirect restorations.
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Cotton, P. "Think tank helping to get HIV immune-restoration trials off the ground." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 270, no. 21 (December 1, 1993): 2527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.270.21.2527.
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Cotton, Paul. "Think Tank Helping to Get HIV Immune-Restoration Trials Off the Ground." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 270, no. 21 (December 1, 1993): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510210013003.
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ELSTER, JON. "Transitional Justice in the French Restorations." European Journal of Sociology 44, no. 3 (December 2003): 459–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975603001358.
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The study of transitional justice—trials, purges and reparations after regime transitions—is emerging as a vital field of scholarship. Virtually all writings on the topic, however, are limited in two ways. First, they tend to focus on the twentieth century. Second, they usually limit themselves to transitions to democracy. In this article I transcend these limitations by considering transitional justice in the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy with an analytical framework for the study of transitional justice. I discuss the 1814 and 1815 restorations, with main emphasis on the political constraints on transitional justice that followed from the fact that these were negotiated transitions. I consider public and private retribution, before turning to the issues of restitution and compensation.
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Ray, Melinda L., Mark W. Bryan, Timothy M. Ruden, Shawn M. Baier, Rick L. Sharp, and Douglas S. King. "Effect of sodium in a rehydration beverage when consumed as a fluid or meal." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 1329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1329.
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To investigate the impact of fluid composition on rehydration effectiveness, 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) were studied during 2 h of rehydration after a 2.5% body weight loss. In a randomized crossover design, subjects rehydrated with water (H2O), chicken broth (CB: 109.5 mmol/l Na, 25.3 mmol/l K), a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (CE: 16.0 mmol/l Na, 3.3 mmol/l K), and chicken noodle soup (Soup: 333.8 mmol/l Na, 13.7 mmol/l K). Subjects ingested 175 ml at the start of rehydration and 20 min later; H2O was given every 20 min thereafter for a total volume equal to body weight loss during dehydration. At the end of the rehydration period, plasma volume was not significantly different from predehydration values in the CB (−1.6 ± 1.1%) and Soup (−1.4 ± 0.9%) trials. In contrast, plasma volume remained significantly ( P < 0.01) below predehydration values in the H2O (−5.6 ± 1.1%) and CE (−4.2 ± 1.0%) trials after the rehydration period. Urine volume was greater in the CE (310 ± 30 ml) than in the CB (188 ± 20 ml) trial. Urine osmolality was higher in the CB and Soup trials than in the CE trial. Urinary sodium concentration was higher in the Soup and CB trials than in the CE and H2O trials. These results provide evidence that the inclusion of sodium in rehydration beverages, as well as consumption of a sodium-containing liquid meal, increases fluid retention and improves plasma volume restoration.
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Thompson, Richard E., Alan J. Tuchman, and Daniel L. Alkon. "Bryostatin Placebo-Controlled Trials Indicate Cognitive Restoration Above Baseline for Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease in the Absence of Memantine1." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 86, no. 3 (April 5, 2022): 1221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215545.
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Background: In pre-clinical studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) transgenic mice, bryostatin restored synaptic connections, prevented neuronal death, reduced amyloid plaques, and reduced neurofibrillary tangles. Objective: Within pre-specified cohorts of advanced AD patients in two double-blind placebo-controlled bryostatin Phase II trials, to conduct exploratory statistical analyses of patients with identical conditions of enrollment and treatment. Methods: Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) scores above baseline at 5, 9, and 13 weeks were analyzed initially in the complete cases, with multiple imputation methods based on an iterative Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm used for missing SIB scores. To mitigate confounding by a chance imbalance of 4.9 SIB baseline scores (Study #203), each patient was used as their own control with differences in 13-week SIB from baseline in single trial and pooled analyses to measure benefit at 13 weeks using general estimating equations (GEE) modeling. Results: Patients treated with bryostatin pre-specified at Mini-Mental State Examination scores 10–14, without memantine, showed baseline balance, complete safety, and SIB improvements at 13 weeks with multiple imputation analysis: Study #203 = 4.1 SIB points above baseline (p = 0.005), and Study #202 = 4.2 SIB points above baseline (p = 0.016). An increased power (N = 95) “pooled analysis” showed an increased SIB over time and a higher mean SIB at 13 weeks in the bryostatin treatment group (p < 0.001) but not significant (NS) for the placebo patients. Conclusion: Pre-specified exploratory analyses for the individual trials and the pooled trials confirmed significant bryostatin-induced improvement over baseline (treatment p < 0.001, placebo NS).
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Ospina Bautista, Fabiola, Pablo A. López Bedoya, Jaime Vicente Estévez, Daniela Martínez Torres, and Sebastián Galvis Jiménez. "Restoration strategy drives the leaf litter myriapod richness (Arthropoda: Myriapoda) on a protected area." Boletín Científico Centro de Museos Museo de Historia Natural 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2022.26.1.1.
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Objective: To determine the leaf litter myriapod community in two restoration strategies of a protective area of Colombia, a secondary forest and an Andean alder plantation. Scope: The knowledge of the biodiversity of invertebrates associated with leaf litter breakdown in restoration forests may contribute to assessing the restoration process efficiency and success. Within this forested soil biodiversity framework, myriapods influence organic matter dynamics by transforming leaf litter (or other plant-derived materials), reducing the surface of decomposition, and affecting decomposer communities and their interactions. Methodology: We designed a leaf litter translocation experiment using leaf litter of Alnus acuminata Kunth and Hedyosmum bonplandianum Kunth, the most abundant species in each restoration strategy underway from the 60s in the Reserva Natural Río Blancoy Quebrada Olivares, Manizales, Colombia. We measured the myriapod richness and abundance two and four months after beginning the leaf litter decomposition experimental trials. Main results: Classes Diplododa, Chilopoda, and Symphyla colonized the leaf litter in both restoration strategies. The restoration strategy affected myriapod richness, abundance and composition. Myriapod richness and abundance were greater in the Andean alder plantation, millipedes were the most abundance myriapods. Myriapod composition also differs among litter species. The plant composition of each restoration strategy could lead to differences in litterfall quality and, consequently, in the resources available for the colonization of the myriapod community, which contributes directly and indirectly to the decomposition process in the restoration strategies.
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Wang, Myra, Yoan Kagoma, Wendy Lim, Catherine M. Clase, and Mark A. Crowther. "Fibrinolytic Agents for Restoration of Central Venous Catheter Patency: A Systematic Review." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.971.971.
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Abstract Introduction. Thrombolytic agents are frequently used as an aid to restore catheter patency despite limited evidence supporting their use. We therefore conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of tPA (alteplase) and reteplase in restoring catheter patency. Methods. We searched MEDLINE (1999 to May Week 3 2007) and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register (Second Quarter 2007) and performed a manual search for further studies. Studies published before 1999 were excluded since they have been previously reviewed; furthermore, most such studies used urokinase, which is no longer used to restore catheter patency in North America. Studies were included if they described the efficacy of alteplase or reteplase in restoring patency of central venous catheters (either for hemodialysis or infusional treatment) and where more than 5 thrombotic episodes were reported. This latter exclusion criteria was used to reduce the likelihood of bias likely to be found in very small case series. Two independent researchers abstracted total thrombolytic dose administered, dwell times, catheter patency rates and adverse event (including bleeding rates). For purposes of comparison, dwell times were stratified as ≤ 30 minutes and 30 to 120 minutes. Results. 25 articles were identified in the initial search, of which 17 met one or more exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 8 studies, 7 evaluated central venous catheters used for intravenous infusions and 1 study evaluated occluded hemodialysis catheters. Except for 1 randomized trial comparing thrombolytic agents to placebo in non-hemodialysis patients, all studies described uncontrolled cohorts or case series. The mean study size was 214 patients (range 6–995). At doses of 0.5–2.5 mg of alteplase, the range of catheter patency rates at dwell times of ≤ 30 minutes and 30 to 120 minutes were 52–54% (1301 total uses) and 69–91% (1466 total uses) respectively. In comparison when used with a ≤ 30 minute dwell time, reteplase was reported to restore catheter patency in 67–73% cases (154 total uses). In all reports bleeding complications attributed to thrombolytic therapy were uncommon. Conclusion. Our review suggests that the installation of alteplase or reteplase will restore catheter patency in more than 50% of cases when used with a dwell time of at least 30 minutes. Longer dwell times appear to increase patency rates. Reteplase may be more effective than alteplase, although this observation should be validated in an adequately powered clinical trial. Overall, although modern thrombolytic agents appear to provide catheter patency in the majority of patients, the evidence supporting their use is of low quality and is not based on the results of randomized trials.
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Schoonover, J. E., J. L. Hartleb, J. J. Zaczek, and J. W. Groninger. "Growing Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) for Canebrake Restoration: Greenhouse Propagation and Field Trials." Ecological Restoration 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.29.3.234.
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Ragnarsson, Kristjan T., Lisa-Ann Wuermser, Diana D. Cardenas, and Ralph J. Marino. "Spinal Cord Injury Clinical Trials for Neurologic Restoration: Improving Care Through Clinical Research." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 84, supplement (November 2005): S77—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.phm.0000179522.82483.f0.
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McLeod, Kenneth W. "Species selection trials and silvicultural techniques for the restoration of bottomland hardwood forests." Ecological Engineering 15 (September 2000): S35—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(99)00070-1.
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Braidwood, David W., Mark A. Taggart, Melanie Smith, Graeme Morgan, and Roxane Andersen. "Small-scale field trials identify optimal habitat restoration options on exclosed nuclear sites." Ecological Engineering 156 (September 2020): 105976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105976.
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Casey, Darren P., and Michael J. Joyner. "Skeletal muscle blood flow responses to hypoperfusion at rest and during rhythmic exercise in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 2 (August 2009): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00331.2009.
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We evaluated the contribution of changes in systemic arterial pressure and local vasodilation to blood flow restoration in contracting human muscles during acute hypoperfusion. Healthy subjects ( n = 10) performed rhythmic forearm exercise (10% and 20% of maximum) while a balloon in the brachial artery located above the elbow was inflated. Each trial included 3 min of rest, exercise, exercise with balloon inflation, and exercise after balloon deflation. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Blood pressure on both sides of the balloon was measured using a brachial artery catheter (distal pressure), and Finometer for proximal (systemic) arterial pressure. Balloon inflation during exercise reduced distal arterial pressure, and FBF fell 37–41%. There was also a surprising acute increase in forearm vascular resistance (distal pressure/FBF). This was followed by recovery of distal arterial pressure and forearm vasodilation that caused a marked (∼75%) restoration of flow that was not associated with significant changes in systemic arterial pressure. During validation trials ( n = 6) at rest and with exercise both balloon and brachial artery diameters were stable when the balloon was inflated. Our findings indicate that at these exercise intensities 1) the restoration of FBF during exercise with hypoperfusion relied primarily on local dilator responses in conjunction with restoration of distal perfusion pressure likely as a result of increased collateral flow around the elbow, and 2) a loss of pulsatile flow and elastic recoil in the forearm may have contributed to the acute increase in vascular resistance seen at the onset of hypoperfusion.
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Prober, Suzanne M., Brad M. Potts, Tanya Bailey, Margaret Byrne, Shannon Dillon, Peter A. Harrison, Ary A. Hoffmann, et al. "Climate adaptation and ecological restoration in eucalypts." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16004.
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Eucalypts are the cornerstone of ecological restoration efforts across the highly modified agricultural landscapes of southern Australia. ‘Local provenancing’ is the established strategy for sourcing germplasm for ecological restoration plantings, yet this approach gives little consideration to the persistence of these plantings under future climates. This paper provides a synopsis of recent and ongoing research that the authors are undertaking on climate adaptation in eucalypts, combining new genomic approaches with ecophysiological evidence from provenance trials. These studies explore how adaptive diversity is distributed within and among populations, whether populations are buffered against change through capacity for phenotypic plasticity, and how this informs provenancing strategies. Results to date suggest that eucalypts have some capacity to respond to future environmental instability through adaptive phenotypic plasticity or selection of putatively adaptive alleles. Despite this, growing evidence suggests that eucalypts will still be vulnerable to change. Provenancing strategies that exploit adaptations found in non-local provenances could thus confer greater climate-resilience in ecological restoration plantings, although they will also need to account for potential interactions between climate adaptations and other factors (e.g. cryptic evolutionary variation, non-climate-related adaptations, herbivory and elevated CO2).
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Souza, R., F. Barbosa, G. Araújo, E. Miyashita, MA Bottino, R. Melo, and Y. Zhang. "Ultrathin Monolithic Zirconia Veneers: Reality or Future? Report of a Clinical Case and One-year Follow-up." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-350-t.
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SUMMARY Yttria-stabilized polycrystalline zirconia ceramics have greatly advanced over the past few years. High-translucent zirconia is a newly introduced ceramic that affords high strength and esthetics and that has significantly increased the clinical indications of monolithic zirconia restorations. Thus, the purpose of this case report was to evaluate the performance of ultrathin monolithic zirconia veneers adhesively luted to enamel surfaces after minimally invasive preparations; in addition, we aimed at presenting a clinical protocol for zirconia surface treatment in order to promote bonding effectiveness to resin cement. This type of restoration presented very acceptable esthetic results and decreased the risk of fracturing the veneer during try-in and clinical use. The results were still satisfactory after one-year follow-up. However, randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trials are required to determine the long-term clinical durability of this treatment.
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Vu, Duc Thang, and Theo Kofidis. "Myocardial Restoration: Is It the Cell or the Architecture or Both?" Cardiology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/240497.
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Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Cardiac cell therapy has been introduced to clinical trials for more than ten years but its results are still controversial. Tissue engineering has addressed some limitations of cell therapy and appears to be a promising solution for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we would like to summarize the current understanding about the therapeutic effect of cell therapy and tissue engineering under purview of functional and structural aspects, highlighting actual roles of each therapy towards clinical application.
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Kusnyerik, Ákos, Miklós Resch, Tamás Roska, Kristóf Karacs, Florian Gekeler, Robert Wilke, Heval Benav, Eberhart Zrenner, Ildikó Süveges, and János Németh. "Vision restoration with implants in retinal degenerations." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 14 (April 2011): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29064.
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Up until now there has been no available treatment for diseases causing the permanent impairment of retinal photoreceptors. Currently the development of the retinal prostheses is the earliest to promise a result that can be implemented in the clinical treatment of these patients. Implants with different operating principles and in various stages of progress are presented in details, highlighting the characteristics, as well as the Hungarian aspects of the development. This survey intends to provide an overview on retinal prostheses, implantable in case of degenerative diseases of the retina, by reviewing and assessing the papers published in relevant journals and based on personal experience. Developments in microelectronics in recent years made it possible and proved to be feasible to replace the degenerated elements in the retina with electrical stimulation. Multiple comparable approaches are running simultaneously. Two types of these implants are directly stimulating the remaining living cells in the retina. Hitherto the finest resolution has been achieved with the subretinal implants. Although the epiretinal implant offer lower resolution, but requires shorter surgery for implantation. Retinal implants in certain retinal diseases are proved to be capable of generating vision-like experiences. A number of types of retinal implants can be expected to appear in clinical practice a few years after the successful conclusion of clinical trials. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 537–545.
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Sutherland, Brad A., Ain A. Neuhaus, Yvonne Couch, Joyce S. Balami, Gabriele C. DeLuca, Gina Hadley, Scarlett L. Harris, Adam N. Grey, and Alastair M. Buchan. "The transient intraluminal filament middle cerebral artery occlusion model as a model of endovascular thrombectomy in stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 2 (October 2, 2015): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15606722.
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The clinical relevance of the transient intraluminal filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) has been questioned due to distinct cerebral blood flow profiles upon reperfusion between tMCAO (abrupt reperfusion) and alteplase treatment (gradual reperfusion), resulting in differing pathophysiologies. Positive results from recent endovascular thrombectomy trials, where the occluding clot is mechanically removed, could revolutionize stroke treatment. The rapid cerebral blood flow restoration in both tMCAO and endovascular thrombectomy provides clinical relevance for this pre-clinical model. Any future clinical trials of neuroprotective agents as adjuncts to endovascular thrombectomy should consider tMCAO as the model of choice to determine pre-clinical efficacy.
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Groenendijk, Jeroen P., Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Nathalie Rietman, and Antoine M. Cleef. "Successional Position of Dry Andean Dwarf Forest Species as a Basis for Restoration Trials." Plant Ecology 181, no. 2 (December 2005): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-7148-x.
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Carrithers, John A., David L. Williamson, Philip M. Gallagher, Michael P. Godard, Kimberley E. Schulze, and Scott W. Trappe. "Effects of postexercise carbohydrate-protein feedings on muscle glycogen restoration." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 1976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.1976.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of postexercise eucaloric carbohydrate-protein feedings on muscle glycogen restoration after an exhaustive cycle ergometer exercise bout. Seven male collegiate cyclists [age = 25.6 ± 1.3 yr, height = 180.9 ± 3.2 cm, wt = 75.4 ± 4.0 kg, peak oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 peak) = 4.20 ± 0.2 l/min] performed three trials, each separated by 1 wk: 1) 100% α-d-glucose [carbohydrate (CHO)], 2) 70% carbohydrate-20% protein (PRO)-10% fat, and 3) 86% carbohydrate-14% amino acid (AA). All feedings were eucaloric, based on 1.0 g ⋅ kg body wt− 1 ⋅ h− 1of CHO, and administered every 30 min during a 4-h muscle glycogen restoration period in an 18% wt/vol solution. Muscle biopsies were obtained immediately and 4 h after exercise. Blood samples were drawn immediately after the exercise bout and every 0.5 h for 4 h during the restoration period. Increases in muscle glycogen concentrations for the three feedings (CHO, CHO-PRO, CHO-AA) were 118 mmol/kg dry wt; however, no differences among the feedings were apparent. The serum glucose and insulin responses did not differ throughout the restoration period among the three feedings. These results suggest that muscle glycogen restoration does not appear to be enhanced with the addition of proteins or amino acids to an eucaloric CHO feeding after exhaustive cycle exercise.
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Bogunović, Sanja, Saša Bogdan, Miran Lanšćak, Nevenka Ćelepirović, and Mladen Ivanković. "Use of a Common Garden Experiment in Selecting Adapted Beech Provenances for Artificial Stand Restoration." South-east European forestry 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.20-07.
Full textAbstract:
Increased frequency of extreme weather events has seriously affected forestry operations in south-eastern Europe. A precondition for effective artificial restoration of disturbed forest stands is site-adapted forest reproductive material (FRM). Common garden experiments (provenance trials) may assist in selecting such FRM. The main objective of this study was to establish among-provenance variation pattern using data from a beech provenance trial. Usefulness of the results in selecting seed sources for restoration of European beech stands is discussed. The trial was set up in 2007, at a slope of Medvednica mount facing north-west at 730-750 m above sea level. Plant heights were measured and survival scored in 2008 and 2015. Height increments were calculated and processed to determine variance components due to various effects. Highly significant provenance-by-block interaction was revealed, indicating strong microsite effects on provenance performances. Therefore, corrections were made and provenance mean height increments recalculated. Provenance mean height increment multiplied with survival was used as a measure of a provenance’s adaptedness. Regression tree (RT) analysis was used to determine the pattern of among-provenance variations. A set of provenance clusters was grown using climatic variables related to the provenance stands of origin as criteria. All analyzed effects were significant (provenance: F=2.07, p<0.05; block: F=5.07, p<0.05; provenance by block interaction: F=7.32, p<0.001). Data corrections reduced the interaction effect, thereby increasing reliability of calculated provenance adaptedness indices (AI). Provenances were grouped into 4 clusters due to elevation, mean July temperature and summer heat-to-moisture index (SHM). Cluster 4, containing provenances from the highest altitudes (>750m), had the highest mean AI (143.9±8.4 cm). The lowest mean AI (106.7±14.8 cm) had cluster 1, containing provenances from lower altitudes with lower mean July temperatures (≤18.4°C). Provenances originating from lower elevations with higher mean July temperatures (>18.4°C) were further divided into two clusters due to the SHM variable. Cluster 2 had the second highest mean AI (141.2±1.5 cm) and contained provenances from relatively wetter habitats (SHM≤48.2). Cluster 3, containing provenances from relatively arid habitats (SHM>48.2), had significantly lower mean AI (116.8±8.6 cm). Established among-provenance variation pattern might be used as a tool in selecting seed sources for artificial restoration of beech stands at mount Medvednica. It is advisable to use FRM from higher altitudes and/or from slightly lower altitudes (up to 150 m lower than a restoring site) but featured with warmer and drier conditions compared to the trial. Generally, provenance trials should be utilized as a valuable decision tool in restoring disturbed forest stands but may also be misleading if not well designed and analyzed.
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Cates, James A. "Plain Trials: Culture and Competence in the Courtroom." Journal of Plain Anabaptist Communities 2, no. 2 (April 13, 2022): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/jpac.v2i2.8317.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of Plain people in the justice system historically involves civil disputes. A more recent trend is the presence of Plain people as criminal defendants. In tandem with their appearance in criminal proceedings is the question for some of competence to stand trial. Competence assumes a factual understanding of the legal process, the ability to assist counsel in preparing a defense, and an appreciation of the charges and case. In the decades since the Supreme Court ruled on competence, the evolution of definition, criteria, and assessment have focused on mental capacity and deficits. The contribution of culture has been marginalized. This article reviews the elements of competence to stand trial and restoration of that competence when it is lacking and applies them to Plain people. Two case studies demonstrate the impact of culture. Rarely considered, culture can have a profound influence on comprehension and appreciation of the judicial process and exacerbates issues of competency for a defendant who presents with cognitive impairments.