Academic literature on the topic 'Restoration planting'
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Journal articles on the topic "Restoration planting"
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Kamali, Babak, and Roslan Hashim. "Mangrove restoration without planting." Ecological Engineering 37, no. 2 (February 2011): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.025.
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Donald, Flora, Bethan V. Purse, and Sarah Green. "Investigating the Role of Restoration Plantings in Introducing Disease—A Case Study Using Phytophthora." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060764.
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Translocating plants to natural habitats is a long-standing conservation practice but is growing in magnitude to deliver international targets to mitigate climate change and reverse biodiversity loss. Concurrently, outbreaks of novel plant pests and pathogens are multiplying with increased global trade network connectivity and larger volumes of imported plants, raising concerns that restoration plantings may act as introductory disease pathways. We used UK common juniper, subject since ~1995 to conservation plantings and now experiencing significant mortality from the non-native pathogen Phytophthora austrocedri Gresl. & E. M. Hansen, as an example species to explore the availability of monitoring data that could be used to assess disease risks posed by planting. We compiled spatial records of juniper planting including qualitative data on sources of planting material, propagation settings and organization types that managed planting projects. We found that juniper planting activity expanded every decade since 1990 across the UK and while not all planting resulted in outbreaks, 19% of P. austrocedri detections were found within 2 km of a known planting. We highlight the scale and diversity of organizations raising and planting juniper, as well as the lack of source material traceability, and suggest that cross-sector collaboration and changes in practice are required to reduce the risks of pathogen introduction posed by restoration planting.
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Cho, Dong-gil. "Ecological Restoration Planting Design Awareness Survey." Journal of Environmental Science International 31, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2022.31.7.579.
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Leach, Mark K. "Forest Restoration in Landscapes: Beyond Planting Trees." Restoration Ecology 14, no. 2 (June 2006): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00138.x.
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Ostry, M. E. "Restoration of White Pine in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan." HortTechnology 10, no. 3 (January 2000): 542–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.3.542.
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White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) (WPBR) was discovered on Ribes L. in New York in 1906, although it was accidentally introduced from Europe on pine (Pinus L.) seedlings. The spread of this destructive fungus has changed the forests in North America. After decades of reduced planting because of the concern over the impact of WPBR, white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is now being restored in the lake states of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. Although the potential for growing white pine is high on many sites, the disappearance of a seed source because of logging and fires means that reestablishment of white pine to these areas will require active management. A series of plantings have been established on three national forests in Minnesota and Michigan to evaluate various silvicultural treatments intended to minimize the incidence of WPBR and to compare the performance of seedlings selected for disease resistance to nonselected planting stock.
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Ivetić, Vladan, Jovana Devetaković, and Ivona Kerkez Janković. "Is planting trees good or bad?" E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129604012.
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Planting trees is popular, widely accepted and supported, resulting with many initiatives and commitments around the globe. At the same time, planting trees is questioned more and more and receive a lot of criticism. In this paper we consider the arguments of both sides and discuss them using a scientific evidence. Determination of restoration opportunities and restoration needs requires more intention to existing ecosystems and their use. Commitments and expectations need to be realistic to maintain constant support based on real results. Planting trees is not the best solution for carbon storage, but it is one of the best solutions available at this moment. Even if reduce anthropogenic CO2 emission to zero, we will need to plant trees. Planting trees can have both negative and positive effect on water availability and socio-economy, depending on restoration practice applied. Planting trees is definitely good, if it is done at appropriate site and with appropriate tree species and if it is based on proper planning and realistic expectations.
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Haskell, Daniel E., Alex L. Bales, Christopher R. Webster, David J. Flaspohler, and Michael W. Meyer. "Conifer restoration on lakeshores using 3 planting techniques." Native Plants Journal 18, no. 3 (2017): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.18.3.235.
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Preece, Noel D., Penny van Oosterzee, and Michael J. Lawes. "Planting methods matter for cost-effective rainforest restoration." Ecological Management & Restoration 14, no. 1 (December 7, 2012): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12017.
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Koo, Chang‐Duck, and Don Koo Lee. "How to assess the success of restoration planting." Forest Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (June 2005): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2005.9656263.
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Silva, Kelly de Almeida, Sebastião Venâncio Martins, and Aurino Miranda Neto. "Efficiency of hydrogel and mulching in the survival and growth of Guarea guidonia." Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira 42 (August 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4336/2022.pfb.42e202102197.
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The current study assessed the efficiency of hydrogel and mulch in survival, height and diameter growth of Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer seedlings as technique for forest restoration of degraded areas. Four treatments were assessed in open site presenting exposed and compacted soil. Control treatment: only planting seedlings. Treatment 1: planting seedlings in plots exposed to hydrogel. Treatment 2: planting seedlings and depositing mulch around them. Treatment 3: planting seedlings in plots exposed to hydrogel and mulch depositing around seedlings. Using hydrogel in planting seedlings, mulch deposition around seedlings, or the combination of both, increase the survival rate and favors greater diameter and height growth in G. guidonia seedlings, as well as enhances forest restoration through seedling planting in degraded sites located in regions subject to water shortage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Restoration planting"
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Schalau, Jeff. "Planting Pole Cuttings in Riparian Ecosystems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625565.
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2 p. / Originally published 2000.Riparian ecosystems are found in the transition between aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems where unique vegetative communities can occur due to free water at or near the soil surface. A healthy, functional riparian plant community provides a rich environment for insects, mollusks, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, birds, and animals. In Arizona, many naturally occurring riparian ecosystems have been impacted, altered or removed by natural processes and land management activities. This publication provides information to assist residents, landowners, and agency personnel in successfully establishing pole plantings in riparian ecosystems of Arizona. Reviewed 10/2016, Originally published 2000.
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Bauman, Jenise M. "ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH RESTORATION PLANTINGS OF AMERICAN CHESTNUT (CASTANEA DENTATA) SEEDLINGS ON OHIO MINE LANDS: PLANTING METHODOLOGIES TO PROMOTE ROOT COLONIZATION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1291994501.
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Terry, Tyson Jeffrey. "Using Herbicide and Planting Techniques to Restore a Native Bunchgrass to Cheatgrass Invaded Systems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8890.
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This thesis explores potential seeding techiniques to limit harmful effects of preemergent herbicide on a seeded species while simultaneously reducing abudance of annual invasive grasses. The first chapter examines the use of activated carbon seed coatings and furrows to limit herbicide effect on seeds of a perrenial bunchgrass. We found that both carbon coatings and furrows mitigated some of the herbicide effects, but that only when the two techniques were combined did we observe unaffected seedling emergence, plant density, and aboveground growth. Therefore, we suggest to management that use of carbon coatings and furrows after herbicide application can likely be used to reduce invasive annual grasses while simultaneously establishing a native bunchgrass. In chapter 2, we examine the effects of a novel preemergent herbicide indaziflam, on native seeds and compare it against a common preemergent herbicide, imazapic. We found that indaziflam provides superior long-term control of annual invasive grasses than imazapic, but that it is also more detrimental to native seeds. Our results suggest that indaziflam is best suited for control purposes only, and is hard to incorporate in restoration seeding efforts due to its strong effects on native seed.
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Anderson, Rhett Michael. "Novel Techniques to Improve Restoration of Native Rangeland Species." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8885.
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The sagebrush steppe is a particularly sensitive ecosystem that is easily disturbed by fires, oil and gas extraction, woody-plant encroachment, and overgrazing. The natural regeneration of native species following a disturbance within this system is typically slow and sporadic, which allows invasive grasses to occupy the landscape. Attempts to assist the recovery of these landscapes through direct seeding is commonly met with poor success rates, particularly in lower elevation, drier sites. Novel seed enhancement technologies and planting techniques that mitigate limiting factors impairing restoration efforts may improve the likelihood of restoring these degraded areas. For chapter 1, we evaluated a solid-matrix priming technique, where bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and Lewis flax (Linum lewisii) were primed and then the priming matrix and seed were pelleted together. We evaluated primed seed that had been incorporated into pellets at two field sites against seed that was pelleted but been left unprimed, and untreated seed (control). These three seed treatments were planted in the spring (mid-march) in shallow (2-cm) and deep (15-cm) furrows, in a complete factorial design. We found that primed seeds generally produced higher plant densities than control seed at the beginning of the growing season; however, its influence diminished towards the end of the growing season. We also found that deep furrows increased plant density throughout the growing season and even into the following year. The combination of priming and deep furrows outperformed control seed in shallow furrows in all measured metrics. For chapter 2, we evaluated a seed conglomeration technique for improving Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. Wyomingensis) emergence and survival under fall and winter plantings. The trial was implemented at five sites across Utah and Nevada in a randomized complete block-split-split plot design, with site, and planting season, comprising the split-plot factors. Each site and season combination was seeded with conglomerated and control seed. We found that in most cases, a fall seeding of Wyoming big sagebrush was either the same or more successful compared to planting on the snow in the winter, which is the current suggested practice. Our results also demonstrated that seed conglomeration produced higher plant densities compared to control seed throughout the growing season. The higher density of plants produced from conglomerates combined with the improved seed delivery provided by the conglomeration technique was estimated to offset the cost in producing conglomerates and reduce overall restoration costs by 41%.
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Parkhurst, Tina. "Is tree planting enough? Investigation of soil condition and composition of vegetation and invertebrate assemblages after ecological restoration in agricultural landscapes." Thesis, Parkhurst, Tina (2021) Is tree planting enough? Investigation of soil condition and composition of vegetation and invertebrate assemblages after ecological restoration in agricultural landscapes. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63209/.
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Globally, vegetation clearing for agriculture continues to cause biodiversity loss and land degradation. Restoration efforts to increase biodiversity and remediate land degradation are often constrained by legacies of agricultural land-use. Active restoration is often needed to overcome abiotic and biotic thresholds to assist re-assembly towards a reference ecosystem.
My thesis explores the effects of active restoration on soil condition and re-assembly of plant and invertebrate communities. I coupled a global meta-analysis with a field survey and experimentation in the Western Australian wheatbelt to examine effects of active woody plantings on various ecosystem components.
In a field survey of 30 plots, I characterised soil chemical properties, vegetation and ant assemblages in three vegetation states: fallow croplands, 10-year-old planted old fields and reference woodlands. In addition, I experimentally tested whether the addition of woody debris to planted old fields can accelerate restoration outcomes, using a multi-site Before-After Control-Impact design.
Results show that at a global scale, restoration has positive effects on soil condition, but inconsistent trends for invertebrate species. Overall, recovery remains incomplete. These results were mirrored at a local scale. Whilst concentrations of some soil nutrients in planted old fields were more similar to woodland reference system than fallow croplands, key abiotic thresholds, in particular elevated phosphorus concentrations, persisted. Woody species richness and cover on planted old fields were also similar to reference woodlands, but herbaceous species richness and cover, and large woody debris amounts, remained similar to the fallow cropland. Ant assemblages responded positively to changes in habitat, with increases of species richness and abundance of key functional groups, however full convergence to reference conditions was not observed. Addition of woody debris to planted old fields had few significant effects on soil chemical and biophysical properties and community re-assembly.
Overall, results show that soil condition, vegetation and invertebrate assemblages on planted old fields responded positively to restoration efforts, however, recovery remains incomplete. Future research should test the efficacy of additional restoration practices beyond tree planting and focus on identifying suitable functional groups of invertebrates to assess restoration outcomes.
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Brendecke, William Walter. "THE EFFECT OF COLLECTION AND ESTABLISHMENT SEASON, PLANTING ORIENTATION AND ATTACHED CULMS ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA (WALT.) MUHL. (GIANT CANE) RHIZOME PROPAGULES." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/462.
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Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. (giant cane) is a native North American bamboo. The mass assemblages of giant cane stems (culms) can form monotypic stands called "canebrakes" with historic distribution encompassing floodplains of the southeastern United States. Canebrake ecosystems have served as an important habitat for a variety of mammalian, avian, and reptilian species due in part by the protective nature the dense culms provide. Also, giant cane also can serve as an effective riparian zone buffer for the protection of water quality. Land conversion and altered disturbance regimes have reduced cane to 2% of historical accounts. Consistently, there is great interest in restoring canebrake ecosystems. However, canebrake restoration efforts face difficulties such as infrequent seeding and low viability, limited availability of seedlings or rhizome planting stock, and inefficient establishment and management techniques. To address these problems, two studies were designed to further develop giant cane propagation thereby aiding management efforts intended in restoring canebrake ecosystems. Study 1 (greenhouse) objective was to compare the survivability and growth responses of bare rhizomes and rhizomes with attached and trimmed culms with different planting orientation. Study design was a randomized complete block with approximately 20 rhizomes of each propagule type (bare rhizomes, rhizomes with culms trimmed to 3cm and rhizomes with culms trimmed to 20cm) planted in two orientations (buried flat or angled and partially exposed) in each of 4 benches (N=239). Propagule type and planting orientation were determined randomly. After six months, propagule survival was 86% and was independent of orientation (chi square 1df = 1.56, p=0.212) and propagule type (chi square 2df =3.88, p=3.88). There was an interaction between planting orientation and propagule type for the number of new rhizomes and culms, above ground biomass, but not for newly formed rhizome diameter or cumulative culm and rhizome length. Rhizome propagules with attached trimmed culms produced, on average, one more rhizome and were 71 cm longer than newly formed rhizomes from the bare rhizome propagules. Planting orientation had no effect on any measured character of long culmed propagules, burying the short-culmed or bare rhizomes tended to reduce growth responses. However, among exposed propagules, growth responses tended to be similar. Study 2 (field-scale) objective was to determine if genotype (3 collection sources) and collection season/ planting season (C/P) (fall/fall, fall/spring, spring/spring) affect survival and growth of giant cane. Study design was a randomized complete block design with between 12 and 20 bare rhizomes per each of 3 collection sources (subplots) planted in each of 3 rows (collection season/ planting season main plots) blocked 6 times across 2 sites (N=2086). Location of collection sources within subplots and C/P within plots were randomly chosen. Rhizomes were planted in rows using a tree planter. Mean survival of cane plants after one growing season was similar at each site with a mean of 11.1%. Survival was dependent on collection source and C/P seasons. Survival ranged from a high of 38.3% for the spring/spring planted Upper Cache River source to 0.4% for two of the other 9 treatment combinations. Collecting and planting rhizomes in the spring for two of the three collection sources produced the highest percent survival compared to stock collected in the fall then planted or stored until spring. These results suggest the importance of collection source, collection season, planting season, propagule morphology and orientation on the survival and new growth of giant cane in southern Illinois.
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Lee, Janette. "The restoration of former opencast mining land to woodland : development and evaluation of a GIS-based tool for strategic planting and management." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24098.
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There is a need for models to assist in the planning and implementation of solutions to environmental problems. Given the spatial nature of these problems, there is scope for GIS to be used as a tool to meet this need. The issue of land restoration following opencast mineral extraction is considered. Time and cost constraints usually place restrictions on the quantity of detailed field data that can realistically be collected and analysed on restoration sites prior to planting. This research determines the value of a rigorous analysis of a limited set of empirical data as a means to informing the decision making process. The study site selected is located in northwest Leicestershire. Detailed information is collated to describe the site conditions prior to, and subsequent to, mineral extraction. The presence of an adjacent area of undisturbed woodland affords the opportunity for comparison between natural and artificial soil conditions. Using a combination of field techniques, laboratory analysis, and computer-based modelling, an exploration is made of the factors affecting the success or failure of tree planting within restoration projects. Factors affecting the soil moisture regime are found to play a key role in determining the success of schemes for the establishment of woodland on restored sites. A series of maps are developed to illustrate tree growth potential as constrained by soil thickness and soil structure. Four different 'improvement' scenarios are explored to identify potential areas for remedial action. An analysis of the spatial variation in soil properties can assist in designing planting schemes that reflect the requirements of individual tree species and growth potential indices for alder and larch species are proposed. The hypothesis is accepted that the modelling of soil characteristics can provide additional value to the restoration planning process.
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Oliveira, Andreza dos Santos. "Semeadura direta e plantio de mudas para recuperação de nascentes no rio Piauitinga-SE." Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6571.
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Due to the intense suppression of native vegetation in nascent areas of the State of Sergipe, one can notice a significant environmental degradation. Thus, it becomes necessary the adoption of practices aimed at the restoration of the vegetation and these can be carried through artificial regeneration with direct seeding or planting seedlings. Therefore, the study was carried to evaluate the development of native species in the Piauitinga watershed in Salgado-SE, with the artificial regeneration methods (direct sowing and planting seedlings), using the native forest species Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Bren, Ceiba speciosa (A. St. Hill), Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart.) Hayne, Psidium guajava L. and Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. Initially, were held the physical and physiological quality of the seeds analysis in laboratory and subsequently a field experiment was established in a randomized block delimitation (RBD) in a factorial design with four replications, in an area previously occupied by pasture, located in Salgado-SE. The sowing was carried in holes (30x30x30cm), with spacing of 1,5 m x 1,5 m with 9 plants for species in every block and the planting of seedlings occurred similarly, totaling
90 plants per block, occupying an area of 0,1024 hectares. Were evaluated the percentage of emergence and seedling survival in the field, the initial development of seedlings and Relative Growth Rate (RGR) until 300 days after implantation. The species that showed better rates of emergence and survival was H. stigonocarpa with 74,44% and 48,89% respectively. Any plant of A. macrocarpa survived. In the of characteristics evaluation of growth in the field in relation to tillage, there was greater growth in height for P. guajava (25,84 cm) and diameter, T. aurea (6,51 mm). In planting seedlings, the more growth on the height was in the C. speciosa (93,26 cm) and the specie T. aurea presented greater
increment in diameter (20,92 mm). There was statistical difference in the RGR of plants for planting two strategies. The species T. aurea, C. speciosa and H. stigonocarpa characteristics presented viable for use by direct seeding and planting seedlings in the recuperation of degraded areas of nascent. The strategy of planting that had higher averages for the parameters evaluated was the planting of seedlings in recuperation of the area studied.Devido à intensa supressão da vegetação nativa em áreas de nascentes do Estado de Sergipe, pode-se notar um significativo quadro de degradação ambiental. Dessa forma, torna-se necessária a adoção de práticas que visem à recomposição da vegetação e estas podem ser realizadas através da regeneração artificial, com a semeadura direta ou plantio de mudas. Diante o exposto, o trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de espécies florestais nativas em área de nascente na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piauitinga, no município de Salgado-SE, com relação aos métodos de regeneração artificial (semeadura direta e plantio de mudas), utilizando-se as espécies florestais nativas Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Bren, Ceiba speciosa (A. St. Hill), Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Mart.) Hayne, Psidium guajava L. e Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. Análises da morfometria, determinação da umidade e qualidade fisiológica das sementes foram previamente realizadas em laboratório. O experimento em campo foi implantado em Delineamento em Blocos Casualizados (DBC), em esquema fatorial com quatro repetições, em uma área anteriormente ocupada por pastagem, localizada no município de Salgado-SE. A semeadura direta e o plantio de mudas foram realizados em covas (30x30x30cm), com espaçamento de 1,5m x 1,5m, contendo 9 plantas por espécie em cada bloco, totalizando 90 plantas por bloco, ocupando uma extensão de 0,1024 hectares. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de emergência e sobrevivência das plântulas em campo, desenvolvimento inicial das mudas e Taxa de Crescimento Relativo (TCR) até os 300 dias após a implantação. A espécie que apresentou melhores índices de emergência e sobrevivência foi H. stigonocarpa com 74,44% e 48,89%, respectivamente. Na semeadura direta, nenhuma planta de A. macrocarpa sobreviveu. Na avaliação das características de crescimento em campo em relação à semeadura direta, observou-se maior crescimento em altura para P. guajava (25,84cm) e para diâmetro, T. aurea (6,51mm). No plantio de mudas, o maior crescimento em altura foi na C. speciosa (93,26cm) e a espécie T. aurea apresentou maior incremento em diâmetro (20,92mm). Houve diferença estatística na TCR das plantas, para as duas estratégias de plantio. As espécies T. aurea, C. speciosa e H. stigonocarpa apresentaram características viáveis para serem utilizadas por meio da semeadura direta e plantio de mudas em projetos de recuperação em áreas de nascentes degradadas. A estratégia de plantio que apresentou maiores médias em relação aos parâmetros avaliados foi o plantio de mudas, na recuperação da área estudada.
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Maynard, Clare E. "Saltmarshes on the fringe : restoring the degraded shoreline of the Eden Estuary, Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6559.
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Saltmarshes are highly valued habitats but the majority of the Eden Estuary's saltmarsh was buried under sea defences and ad hoc rubbish dumps during the last century. Without saltmarsh, the degraded shoreline may be even more vulnerable to rising sea levels and increased wave and tidal energy. This study investigated planting native saltmarsh species, common in the estuaries of Eastern Scotland, to restore saltmarsh development and sedimentation to the Eden Estuary's shoreline. The survival and growth of the sedge Bolboschoenus maritimus (Sea Club-rush) and the grasses Phragmites australis (Common Reed) and Puccinellia maritima (Common Saltmarsh Grass) were compared in planting trials. These were seeded or transplanted onto unvegetated upper mudflats in front of eroded P. maritima saltmarsh and a disused rubbish dump. The longer term sustainability of this practice was assessed by comparing sediment deposition and surface elevation in the transplant sites, natural saltmarsh and upper unvegetated mudflats. B. maritimus outperformed P. australis and P. maritima. Springtime, high density planting was successful, whereas seeds, planting in autumn and low density planting failed. Growth in the transplanted B. maritimus sites was relatively slow for the first three years but subsequently overtook growth of the seaward edge of natural B. maritimus marsh. Sediment was not deposited on natural P. maritima and was low on upper unvegetated mudflats and in young transplant sites. Most deposition occurred in four year old sites of B. maritimus. Sediment surface elevation in natural P. maritima remained constant throughout the year, but increased in all the other sites during the summer. The upper mudflat was the only site to erode during winter. A significant, positive association was found between tide height and sediment deposition, while winds from the south-east were associated with significantly more deposition than winds from the south-west. The direct planting of saltmarsh vegetation has restored a valuable and rapidly disappearing habitat to the degraded shoreline of the Eden Estuary. The low-cost and simplicity of this restoration practice give it great potential as a sustainable coastal management option that should be explored in other Scottish estuaries. This form of restoration could help to increase the resilience and reduce the vulnerability of degraded shorelines to climate change and rising sea levels.
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Vidal, Cristina Yuri. "Transplante de plântulas e plantas jovens como estratégia de produção de mudas para a restauração de áreas degradadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-04082008-170122/.
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O transplante de indivíduos jovens ocorrentes na regeneração natural de florestas como estratégia de produção de mudas visando a restauração de áreas degradadas é recente no Brasil. Dentre as principais vantagens associadas a essa técnica pode-se destacar a obtenção de elevado número de espécies (geralmente não disponíveis em viveiros convencionais), a eliminação de etapas de viveiro dispendiosas ou desconhecidas (beneficiamento, armazenamento e tratamentos pré-germinativos das sementes) e a obtenção de elevado número de indivíduos em relativamente pouco tempo quando comparado à colheita de sementes. Apesar dessas vantagens, algumas restrições importantes devem ser consideradas, a começar pela aplicação desta técnica em situações específicas nas quais áreas com vegetação serão desmatadas. Nestes casos, o transplante representa uma forma de aproveitar o que de outra forma seria \"desperdiçado\", constituindo uma possibilidade de compensação ambiental aos impactos ocasionados pela construção de empreendimentos, usinas hidrelétricas, etc. Considerando que estas situações são freqüentes em nosso país, o presente trabalho tem como proposta avaliar a técnica de transplante como estratégia de produção de mudas, visando a restauração ecológica de áreas degradadas. Para tanto, a dissertação se divide em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro referente a viabilidade da técnica - considerando seus aspectos ecológicos, técnico/silviculturais e econômicos - e o segundo a respeito da avaliação do desempenho das mudas transplantadas sob duas condições de luz (a pleno sol e sombra). De maneira geral, o transplante de plântulas e plantas jovens é viável, mas necessita de mais estudos que permitam um refinamento da técnica e melhor desempenho dos indivíduos coletados.The transplantation of young individuals occurring under forest canopy as an strategy of planting stock production for ecological restoration is recent in Brazil. Among its most important advantages we highlight the collection of a high number of species (usually not available in nurseries), the elimination of unknown or expensive nurseries\' proceedings (seeds\' amelioration, storage and pre-germinative requirements) and the obtainment of a high number of individuals when compared to the usual seeds\' collection. Despite these advantages, some restraints must be considered, once this technique should only be applied on specific situations, like those where vegetated areas will be legally deforested. On these cases transplantation may represent a feasible way to make good use of what otherwise would be wasted, representing an interesting possibility of environmental compensation resulting from activities with adverse effects. Considering that those situations are quite common in developing countries, the present study aims to evaluate the transplantation technique as an strategy of planting stock production, improving ecological restoration efforts. For this matter, this dissertation is divided into two chapters. The former is about the technique feasibility - considering its ecological, technical/silvicultural and economic aspects - and the latter about the transplanted seedlings\' performance under two light conditions (sun and shade). In a general way, seedlings and saplings\' transplantation is feasible, although further studies are needed to refine the technique and improve the performance of transplanted individuals.
Books on the topic "Restoration planting"
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Donat, Martin. Bioengineering techniques for streambank restoration: A review of Central European practices. [Vancouver]: British Columbia, Watershed Restoration Program, 1990.
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Donat, Martin. Bioengineering techniques for streambank restoration: A review of Central European practices. [Vancouver?]: Province of British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks and Ministry of Forests, 1995.
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Mackey, Brendan G. SEEDWHERE: A computer tool for tree planting and ecological restoration. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1995.
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Frandsen, John. Restoring Strawberry, the pure valley: Report on five years of mitigation and enhancement in the Strawberry Valley. [Heber City, Utah ?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Uinta and Wasatch-Cache National Forest, Heber Ranger District, 1995.
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Shepperd, Wayne D. Planting aspen to rehabilitate riparian areas: A pilot study. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005.
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Cao ye hui fu yu sha mo hua fang zhi: Rehabilitation of grassland and control of desertification. Beijing Shi: Qi xiang chu ban she, 2001.
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Center, Tallgrass Prairie, ed. The Tallgrass Prairie Center guide to prairie restoration in the Upper Midwest. Iowa City [Iowa]: Published for the Tallgrass Prairie Center by the University of Iowa Press, 2010.
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Henderson, Richard A. Plant species composition of Wisconsin prairies: An aid to selecting species for plantings and restorations based upon University of Wisconsin-Madison Plant Ecology Laboratory data. Madison, WI: Dept. of Natural Resources, 1995.
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Wetland planting guide for the northeastern United States: Plants for wetland creation, restoration, and enhancement. St. Michaels, Md: Environmental Concern, 1993.
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Snyder, Warren D. Sandsage-bluestem prairie renovation to benefit prairie grouse. [Denver, Colo.]: Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Restoration planting"
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Elkin, Rosetta S. "Beyond Restoration: Planting Coastal Infrastructure." In Climate Change Management, 119–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53742-9_8.
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Siyag, Panna Ram. "Planting, Regeneration, Aftercare and Maintenance." In Afforestation, Reforestation and Forest Restoration in Arid and Semi-arid Tropics, 109–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7451-3_6.
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Pringgenies, Delianis, Ali Ridlo, Lutfianna Fatma Dewi, and Ali Djunaedi. "The Commercial Value of Mangrove-Based Pigments as Natural Dye for Batik Textiles." In Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95341.
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Mangrove, or bakau as it is known in Indonesia, is one of the vegetations commonly found along the shallow coasts, estuaries, deltas and protected coastal areas and are still influenced by rising tides. After the Aceh tsunami disaster, mangrove restoration was intensively conducted in coastal areas all over Indonesia and was made into a special conservation program by the government. Mangrove is distinguishable by its big, wooden stilt roots, sharpening tip in the form of supporting leaves. The roots of the mangrove tree are morphologically distinguishable into heart root which grows into the ground and the stilt root which appear to grabs onto the surface of the ground. Mangrove forests serve several important ecological roles: they act as filters which turns saline water into fresh water, buffer from seawater intrusion, prevent erosion and abrasion, hold sediments to form new habitats, feeding ground, nursery ground, and spawning ground for a number of aquatic wildlife. Mangrove forest also possess economical functions such as as source of income, industrial ingredients for the locals and as source of new mangrove seedlings. Mangunhardjo Village, Urban Community of Mangunhardjo, Mangkang Area, Kecamatan of Tugu, Semarang City, Indonesia was an area dotted with brackish water pond. However, the area had been suffering from the effects of climate change, being inundated by overflow of river and seawater intrusion (rob). These disasters caused decline in the productivity of the ponds in the area. In an effort to combat the adverse effect of environmental change in the area, the locals of Mangunhardjo village decided to shift their livelihood by restoring the surrounding mangrove forest. Mangrove conservation at Mangunhardjo Village was conducted through activities of the program such as mangrove planting, mangrove-based food production, and mangrove waste management by applications of bioactivator bacteria for mangrove composting and production of mangrove-based natural dye for batik fabric. Mangrove-based natural dye for batik fabric from Rhizopora mucronata mangrove waste is a quite promising product and increases people’s income.
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Mooney, Patrick. "The restorative landscape." In Planting Design, 32–66. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429262852-2.
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Quevedo-Rojas, Ana, and Mauricio Jerez-Rico. "Mixed Forest Plantations with Native Species for Ecological Restoration in Cloud Forests of the Venezuelan Andes." In Silviculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95006.
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Tropical cloud forests play a fundamental role in the hydrological cycle of mountain watersheds having the largest biodiversity per unit area. In Venezuela, cloud forests are subject to intense deforestation and fragmentation by farming and cattle-ranching causing soil erosion, water cycle alteration, and biodiversity loss. Reforestation projects used exotic species as Pines and Eucalyptus, native species were rarely planted by lacking knowledge on species requirements and management. We report the performance of 25 native cloud forest species differing in shade-tolerance, planted in mixed assemblies on degraded areas. Tree survival and the individual tree variables: total height, root-collar diameter, tree-slenderness, and crown-ratio were evaluated at 1, 2, 4.5 and 7 years-old. Data was analyzed with a repeated measures analysis of variance mixed model considering species shade-tolerance, light intensity at planting and age as explanatory factors. Survival was over 80%. Shade-intolerant species displayed faster height and root-collar diameter growth. Shade-tolerant species had larger crown ratios due to persistence of lower branches; whereas, shade-intolerant showed signs of crown recession at age 7. Slenderness values from age 4.5 were indicative of good trees stability and health across treatments. The positive results have motivated landowners to establish native species plantations in critical areas with our support.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Paul A. Heikkila. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch20.
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<em>Abstract.</em> —The Coquille watershed contains the largest coastal river originating within the Coast Range of Oregon. The Coquille River presently supports over 57 species of fish including coho salmon <em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em> , spring and fall chinook salmon <em>O. tshawytscha</em> , resident and sea-run cutthroat trout <em>O. clarki</em> , winter steelhead trout <em>O. mykiss</em> , and a remnant population of chum salmon <em>O. keta</em> . Coho salmon have been listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Many factors including habitat alterations, harvests, hatchery introductions, and ocean conditions have led to the decline of many Coquille River fish stocks. Habitat changes since European settlement began in the mid- 1800s include logging and log transport, road building, draining and diking for agriculture, and urbanization, which have all contributed to the decline of fish stocks and water quality within the watershed. The recognition of habitat problems as a key limiting factor for fish production and water quality led to the formation of the Coquille Watershed Association (CWA) in early 1994. The formation of the CWA was another step in a 20-year local effort to address habitat problems through restoration of natural processes. The CWA is organized as a nonprofit corporation and is governed by a 26-member executive council representing landowners and stakeholders within the watershed. The goals of the CWA, which arrives at decisions through consensus, include creating water quality conditions that will meet Clean Water Act standards and enhancing native fish survival and production through public and private partnerships. To reach those goals, the CWA has organized a technical advisory group and developed an Action Plan that address limiting factors and sets priorities for identifying, prioritizing, coordinating, accomplishing, and monitoring restoration projects and educational efforts. To date the CWA has generated over US$2.5 million in public and private funding to implement projects including riparian restoration through fencing and planting, wetland development, the addition of large-channel wood and rock, off-channel livestock watering, and over 40 educational tours.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Paul A. Heikkila. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch20.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em> —The Coquille watershed contains the largest coastal river originating within the Coast Range of Oregon. The Coquille River presently supports over 57 species of fish including coho salmon <em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em> , spring and fall chinook salmon <em>O. tshawytscha</em> , resident and sea-run cutthroat trout <em>O. clarki</em> , winter steelhead trout <em>O. mykiss</em> , and a remnant population of chum salmon <em>O. keta</em> . Coho salmon have been listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Many factors including habitat alterations, harvests, hatchery introductions, and ocean conditions have led to the decline of many Coquille River fish stocks. Habitat changes since European settlement began in the mid- 1800s include logging and log transport, road building, draining and diking for agriculture, and urbanization, which have all contributed to the decline of fish stocks and water quality within the watershed. The recognition of habitat problems as a key limiting factor for fish production and water quality led to the formation of the Coquille Watershed Association (CWA) in early 1994. The formation of the CWA was another step in a 20-year local effort to address habitat problems through restoration of natural processes. The CWA is organized as a nonprofit corporation and is governed by a 26-member executive council representing landowners and stakeholders within the watershed. The goals of the CWA, which arrives at decisions through consensus, include creating water quality conditions that will meet Clean Water Act standards and enhancing native fish survival and production through public and private partnerships. To reach those goals, the CWA has organized a technical advisory group and developed an Action Plan that address limiting factors and sets priorities for identifying, prioritizing, coordinating, accomplishing, and monitoring restoration projects and educational efforts. To date the CWA has generated over US$2.5 million in public and private funding to implement projects including riparian restoration through fencing and planting, wetland development, the addition of large-channel wood and rock, off-channel livestock watering, and over 40 educational tours.
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"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing." In Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, edited by Guy R. Cochrane, John L. Butler, and Gary E. Davis. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch14.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Acoustic backscatter data provides exceptional detail of rocky seafloor habitat on the continental shelf north of Anacapa Island off Southern California. In the depth range of 25–65 m, there are approximately 60 ha of rocky bottom which may be suitable for abalone <em>Haliotis </em>spp. The distribution of rocky bottom is divided into two separate areas on the northeastern and northwestern sides of the island, which are separated by a central area of predominantly sandy bottom. The northeastern area has a far greater area of rocky bottom. When habitat estimation is restricted to the perimeter of rocky areas, the difference in habitat area between the east and west lessens. The northeastern area may be more attractive for seeding of white abalone <em>Haliotis sorenseni </em>because it has more rocky bottom and recently has been designated as a marine reserve with no fishing, whereas the northwestern area is now a marine conservation area with limited fishing. This methodology will help locate sites for planting of captive-bred white abalone as part of the white abalone restoration project if numerous other requirements for the abalone, such as food sources, are mapped also.
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Ehrenfeld, David. "A Walk in the Woods." In Swimming Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148527.003.0036.
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The forest was small by American standards, perhaps fifty or sixty acres, but in the rolling Devon countryside with its parceled fields and narrow, hedge-enclosed lanes, it felt appropriately spacious. I was enjoying the guided tour in one of my favorite parts of the world. The light rain and chilly July breezes felt right; the English ivy carpeting the ground seemed right; the leafy hardwoods looked right (although I didn’t know the species and could easily have been fooled); and the probably medieval bank and ditch running through the woods at right angles to the path gave everything an impressive air of authenticity. The path turned. As we rounded the corner, I saw ahead the darker shade of conifers. Soon we were in the midst of a grove of youthful but already towering California-coast redwoods. A deep silence hung like a benediction over the dark wood, but it was quickly shattered. “I’d give anything to be allowed to cut them down,” said our guide, Stephan, in an angry voice. This incident passed out of my thoughts until weeks later back in New Jersey, when I was reading the chapter on conservation in Oliver Rack-ham’s The History of the Countryside, an account of the origins of Britain’s landscapes, flora, and fauna. The British landscape of the late twentieth century, Rack-ham wrote, is suffering from an acute loss of meaning—the unique messages once conveyed by many historic woodlands, witness to millennia of slow and painstaking change, have been garbled beyond recognition in five or six decades of modern planting, “restoration,” development, and agriculture. The more I read in this remarkable book, surely one of the most profound and eloquent descriptions of people and nature ever written, the more I understood Stephan’s feeling that his Devon woodland had been desecrated by the planting of those redwoods. I also began to understand how little I knew about the long discourse between people and trees in Britain, where the history of the relationship is probably as well documented as in any place on earth.
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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment." In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, edited by Bror Jonsson and Nina Jonsson. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch32.
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<em>Abstract</em>.-Populations of Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>can be restored and enhanced through planting of green or eyed eggs (embryos) in rivers and by releasing fry, parr, smolts, or postsmolts. The success of the releases varies with time and site of release, broodstock origin, size and age of the fish, and rearing and release techniques applied. However, egg, fry or parr releases cannot be used for augmenting populations above the carrying capacity of the water course. To surpass the carrying capacity, the fish should be released as smolts or postsmolts. Smolts released in rivers during spring migrate to sea for feeding but return to the river of release for spawning. Atlantic salmon released at the postsmolt stage may return to the release site when adult, but thereafter, they may stray to any of a number of rivers for spawning. As a result of ecological interactions, released juvenile hatchery fish may partly displace, increase the mortality, and decrease the growth rate, adult size, reproductive output, biomass, and production of wild conspecifics through density-dependent mechanisms working in freshwater. Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon are usually competitively inferior to wild conspecifics both during feeding and spawning in rivers, due to environmental impacts and genetic changes that occur during the juvenile rearing. Habitat restoration is preferred when restoring endangered, threatened, or weak populations. Degraded spawning habitats can be reconstructed, and poor freshwater quality can be mitigated. In regulated rivers, rapid fluctuations in water level should be avoided, and the migratory activity of the fish can be stimulated by increased water flow. Populations can also be enhanced by expanding the accessible nursery habitat by use of artificial fishways through human induced or natural migration hindrances. Adaptive management practice is useful when restoring and rehabilitating populations and habitats. More knowledge is needed about environmental and genetic influences on the phenotype of hatchery fish and how habitats constrain salmon production in rivers.
Conference papers on the topic "Restoration planting"
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Rosanna S. Brown. "Planting Plans for Stream Restoration." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13757.
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Drake, Lon, and Rick Langel. "Deep-Planting Willow Cuttings via Water Jetting." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 1998. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40382(1998)171.
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Goldsmith, Wendi, and Robbin B. Sotir. "Native vs Exotic: Natural Colonization vs Planting." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 1998. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40382(1998)192.
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Tongnunui, Prasert, Prasert Tongnunui, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Parichat Hukiew, Parichat Hukiew, Patcharee Kaeoprakan, et al. "SEAGRASS RESTORATION: AN UPDATE FROM TRANG PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN THAILAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9447ad58f1.23030316.
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Natural disasters may adversely affect coastal resources potentially leading to coastal habitat restorations that incorporate stakeholders and the general public. Appropriate methodologies for habitat restoration are developed to ensure the outcomes of this project. Currently, seagrass bed restoration by means of asexual and sexual propagation techniques have been used worldwide. However, the experience of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) habitat restoration in Trang Province noted that to accomplish this project’s strategies involved the application of restoration techniques along with public and stakeholder participation. The application of asexual propagation, specifically the collection of single shoots from donor seagrasses and subsequent transplantation, is a convenient tool. However, from this project results, this process still has conceptual problems as from the large numbers of single shoots collected from donor seagrasses, the survival rate was relatively low. Furthermore, this process was complicated by conflicting interests between local communities near to the donor site and the project’s organizers. In order to reduce said conflicts, other techniques to balance stakeholder interests were instigated by this project, namely the development of both asexual and sexual propagation techniques. This project initiated a sexual propagation technique by the collection of wild seeds of Enhalus acoroides that were subsequently grown in the laboratory before natural habitat transplantation. This project results showed that seeds can be grown rapidly and can be cultured in large numbers. However, this development technique has a limit on rearing time because seedlings were found to be in decline after the third month of the experiment. These problems were compounded by a limiting factor that pushed the project’s organizers to decide to transplant seagrasses from the laboratory to the wild whether a time was seasonally suitable or unsuitable, the planting activity still done forward. This matter may have enhanced the low survival rate situation after seagrass transplantation to the wild. If there is a need to recover a seagrass bed, the above culture and transplantation methodologies should be used in conjunction with repeated periodic plantings until natural ecological function has been restored. In conclusion, further research should be instigated to improve the cultivation method for producing ready to plant seedlings and to improve methods of project operation.
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Tongnunui, Prasert, Prasert Tongnunui, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Woraporn Tarangkoon, Parichat Hukiew, Parichat Hukiew, Patcharee Kaeoprakan, et al. "SEAGRASS RESTORATION: AN UPDATE FROM TRANG PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN THAILAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431687e149.
Full textAbstract:
Natural disasters may adversely affect coastal resources potentially leading to coastal habitat restorations that incorporate stakeholders and the general public. Appropriate methodologies for habitat restoration are developed to ensure the outcomes of this project. Currently, seagrass bed restoration by means of asexual and sexual propagation techniques have been used worldwide. However, the experience of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) habitat restoration in Trang Province noted that to accomplish this project’s strategies involved the application of restoration techniques along with public and stakeholder participation. The application of asexual propagation, specifically the collection of single shoots from donor seagrasses and subsequent transplantation, is a convenient tool. However, from this project results, this process still has conceptual problems as from the large numbers of single shoots collected from donor seagrasses, the survival rate was relatively low. Furthermore, this process was complicated by conflicting interests between local communities near to the donor site and the project’s organizers. In order to reduce said conflicts, other techniques to balance stakeholder interests were instigated by this project, namely the development of both asexual and sexual propagation techniques. This project initiated a sexual propagation technique by the collection of wild seeds of Enhalus acoroides that were subsequently grown in the laboratory before natural habitat transplantation. This project results showed that seeds can be grown rapidly and can be cultured in large numbers. However, this development technique has a limit on rearing time because seedlings were found to be in decline after the third month of the experiment. These problems were compounded by a limiting factor that pushed the project’s organizers to decide to transplant seagrasses from the laboratory to the wild whether a time was seasonally suitable or unsuitable, the planting activity still done forward. This matter may have enhanced the low survival rate situation after seagrass transplantation to the wild. If there is a need to recover a seagrass bed, the above culture and transplantation methodologies should be used in conjunction with repeated periodic plantings until natural ecological function has been restored. In conclusion, further research should be instigated to improve the cultivation method for producing ready to plant seedlings and to improve methods of project operation.
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Sun, Tiejun, Juying Wu, Wei Hu, Haiming Kan, and Zhuo Pang. "Effect of planting grasses on vegetation restoration on the bare land." In 2016 International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesd-16.2016.164.
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Fahima, Jenat. "EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION RESTORATION PLANTING REQUIREMENTS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320192.
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Gasymova, G. A., and T. I. Udovichenko. "Restoration and prevention of ecological imbalances technogenically polluted areas by planting woody plants." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-10-2018-171.
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Nosenzo, Antonio, Fabio Meloni, Massimiliano Ferrarato, Paola Ferrazzi, Michele Freppaz, Michele Lonati, Sara Martelletti, Andrea Paone, Flavia Cucerzan, and Renzo Motta. "Effectiveness of tree planting for ecological restoration along a high-speed railway track." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-an-eff.
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Šneler, Filip, Gordana Brcković, and Trina Mjeda. "Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas." In 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.299.
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Forests and forestry are the ecological and economic infrastructure of every state. The EU strategy for the forest-based sector is particularly related to rural development, since, in such areas, forests are mostly spread, thus representing an opportunity for more balanced development, or in other words - survival of rural areas. Croatia is no exemption. The goal of forest management in the Republic of Croatia is the sustainable and harmonious use of all forest functions and the permanent improvement of their condition, by promoting environmentally sustainable production practices in such a way that the local or rural environment has financial benefits. Looking at forests as perfect factories, ranging from the production of wood pulp as raw materials, oxygen and food, water purifiers, carbon tanks and all the way to the intangible and generally useful functions of forests, it is necessary to observe their all-encompassing importance. We are facing global climate change, which significantly influences the restoration and erection of new forest stands, that is one of the most important procedures for sustainable forest management in Croatia. Current techniques and knowledge that are being applied contribute to discouraging results, therefore it is crucial to introduce and promote new environmentally friendly practices, aiming to increase the productive function of forest land and forest as an ecosystem. In accordance with the sustainable development of forest land, research was conducted in the lowland part of Sisak-Moslavina County in Croatia. The aim of the research is to study the cost-effectiveness and compare the adaptation of new methods and practices of reforestation, with the end result of the forested area as a production unit, and that was conducted working on two land sections. On the surface of the first section, which was previously chemically prepared, a classic renovation was performed by sowing acorns employing a spreader. The acorn was collected by the local population. Processing of the second section included planting seedlings, while the section was previously mechanically prepared by grinding biomass and an integral method of soil preparation in rows with a spacing of 3 m. The internal planting distance between the plants was 0.80 - 1.0 m, and work was carried out with the help of external contractors, the local population. The use of new environmentally sustainable technologies has resulted in 29% higher financial costs of forestation. However, using new practices compared to the classical ones, the financial viability in terms of economic profit of the rural area was determined. The application of new silvicultural practices is initially more expensive, but results in a shorter period of time to achieve targeted results, while the increase in costs refers to the involvement of the local community that participated in the works.
Reports on the topic "Restoration planting"
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Duguma, Lalisa, Peter Minang, Ermias Aynekulu, Sammy Carsan, Judith Nzyoka, Alagie Bah, and Ramni Jamnadass. From Tree Planting to Tree Growing: Rethinking Ecosystem Restoration Through Trees. World Agroforestry Centre, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20001.pdf.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.
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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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A Guide to Planting Native Trees for Forest Restoration. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2022.report.43722.
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