Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ressources énergétiques – Environnement'
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Levarlet, François. "Les modèles éco-énergétiques à l'interface économie-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010060.
Full textOur thesis deals with ecological-economic modeling. It develops a typology in this field of research and suggets two classes of environmental-economic interface : "weak interface" and "strong interface". With this categories we are able to analyse two kinds of eco-energetic models : ecco model and odum's models. Our work takes specially care with odum's approach. We build an account model for the french case and insert our work in sustainable development field
Dessus, Benjamin. "Systèmes énergétiques pour un développement durable." Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21007.
Full textThe work is an attempt to answer the following question : is it possible to design a world energy system able to fulfill the needs of a developed humanity of 11 billion inhabitants in 2100, without taking the risk to destroy our planet or to place our reliance on science or technology ruptures that we are unable to predict? this question can be split in three questions : are they technical possibilities and sufficient energy resources? if the techical feasability is demonstrated what about the economic aspect? if the technical and economic credibility are demonstrated, what are the barriers to the implementation of strategies and how to overpassthem? the technical feasability is demonstrated through the description of the scenario noe (new options for energy) which shows that it is possible to satisfy the energy needs of 11 billion people in 2100 without big global environment problems. This scenario relies on energy efficiency and diversification ef energy resources. The economical credibility is deminstrated through the analysis of comaprative expenses of this scenario and of one of the scenarios of the world energy council. This calulation shows that the noe scenario is less expensive for discount rates up to ten per cent. The noe scenario appears indeed as a win-win scenario. Social and policy barriers are analysed and some policy proposal are made to overpass the barriers
Bonis, Anne. "L'implantation des installations énergétiques à l'épreuve du droit : l'exemple des énergies marines renouvelables en mer." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS003S.
Full textThe first renewable marine energy projects were first presented during the so called Eole program in 1996, and then during a call for bids on offshore wind-power in 2004. Despite these initiatives and a second call for bids in 2011, only a few prototypes are being tested at the beginning of 2013. This study aims to determine if the French legislation is adapted to this emerging new activity of renewable marine energy installation implementation. The results of three-year research show that several advances have contributed to defining a legal framework favorable to the implementation of renewable marine energy production installation; yet, their legal regime has not been finalized. Nevertheless, a comparison with maritime and coastal legislations reveals solutions are worth considering and possible. As a result, an intervention from legislative or parliamentary authorities seems necessary to simplify the implementation of projects and to limit the risks of legal disputes
Grammatico-Vidal, Laetitia. "Les moyens juridiques du développement énergétique dans le respect de l'environnement en droit français : recherches sur le droit du développement durable." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10031.
Full textGlogic, Edis. "Vers des matériaux énergétiques durables : élargissement de l'analyse du cycle de vie pour le développement de technologies émergentes et des choix économes en ressources." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02869841.
Full textEnergy materials are particularly important from a sustainability perspective for advancing renewable energy systems, including energy production and storage. Their appropriate use and development require quantitative assessment methods. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method to support sustainable development that can be used to identify environmental hotspots and compare different technologies. The purpose of this research is to support development of several energy materials and make LCA a more relevant tool for sustainability assessment by extending its use in two emerging directions: assessment of technologies at the early stage of development, and by supporting more resource-effective choices for a circular economy.The research objectives focus on informing the development of technologies and identifying methodological challenges and opportunities by applying LCA to three energy-technology case studies, each at a different technological maturity level. In the first case study, alkaline batteries, currently at a high maturity level (incumbent products), are evaluated using LCA in combination with a circular economy indicator, the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI). The aim was to investigate opportunities to combine the two methods, while considering trade-offs between indicators for different strategies for battery design and management. In the second case study, nickel-cobalt hydroxide charge storage electrodes, currently at a low maturity level (laboratory-scale), are evaluated to investigate environmental hotspots and preferred synthesis route. In the third case study, organic photovoltaic portable chargers for small electronics, currently at a medium maturity level (pilot-scale), are evaluated for replacing conventional electricity grid for charging a mobile phone
Dupré, la Tour Marie-Alix. "Towards a Decarbonized Energy System in Europe in 2050 : Impact of Vector Coupling and Renewable Deployment Limits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0014.
Full textTo address climate change, Europe is committed to a decarbonized energy system by 2050.The power system has a large potential for decarbonization. It can thus contribute to the decarbonization of other vectors (hydrogen for example), which will therefore tend to become more electrified. Therefore, this thesis has focused on the decarbonization of the power system on the one hand, and the interaction between the various energy vectors on the other.The decarbonization of the power vector will involve the use of renewable energies. However, the studies that evaluate their potential obtain very different values. In the first chapter, which consisted of a systematic literature review of wind and photovoltaic studies of potential in Europe, the variability of these values was examined. The areal limits of the potentials are not restrictive, and the variability of the values is due to the addition of socio-political criteria to the calculations of potential. Ultimately, the limit to the development of renewables will not be technical feasibility but political and societal will and limits of the industrial sector, including the availability of the necessary natural resources (metals, etc.).In a second chapter, the operation and prices of this coupled system with fixed capacities were studied. The influence of the couplings on the prices of the energy vectors was underlined. In particular, the flexibility of the demand for synthesis gas (via electrolysis) could set the electricity prices on a majority of the time steps of the year. The importance of seasonal stock management in the formation of gas prices, and therefore electricity prices, was highlighted. To operate optimally, such a system requires a high level of coordination between vectors. Variants that degrade coordination show a significant increase in the operating costs of the energy system.Finally, a third chapter addressed the consequences of energy couplings on the system flexibility requirements. Variants on each vector were analyzed through the evaluation of the flexibility needs based on indicators on several time scales. In particular, the interest of coordination between vectors was confirmed: it also avoids massive investments
Poline, Marie. "Contribution aux méthodes de conception et de gestion des systèmes énergétiques multi-sources par optimisation systémique : application aux trains hybrides électrique autonomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT099.
Full textIn France, there are two traction modes for railway: the diesel and electric traction. Each mode has its own issues. For diesel, the increasing control of the greenhouse gas emissions imposes to evolve this type of train to a less polluting solution. For electric traction, the energy consumption creates a voltage drop which can cause a traffic slowdown, which will limit the traffic development. The studied solution by SNCF is the hybridization of the train (adding storage system).Thus, these works have the objective to build a method to do the pre-sizing of storage systems embedded in trains. Moreover, to take into account the mutual influence of the sizing and the energy management, this last one is included in the sizing model. An optimization algorithm solves the global model.The method has been developed for the two traction modes (diesel and electric) and the optimization has been made with SQP algorithm (Sequential Quadratic Programming)
Adès, Julie. "L'impact du cadre réglementaire fédéral de réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 2007 sur les choix des sources d'énergie de l'industrie québécoise des pâtes et papiers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26836/26836.pdf.
Full textHuitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Full textFerrari, Sylvie. "Étude économique des ressources énergétiques dans le cadre d'une approche globale intégrant l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10024.
Full textThe energetic system deeply disturbs biosphere equilibriums. Drawing a lesson from thermodynamic and ecological principles, the energetic system appears as an open system. It draws organized resources -of low entropy- from the environment and releases wastes -disorganized elements of high entropy. Consequently, it implies an irreversible increase of natural environment entropy. However, the control of the entropic evolution is possible if it gives up the evolution path on which it stands, and to be on its way towards a real coevolution and a flexible evolution path ensuring the perenniality of energetic patrimony for the future generations
Bui, Xuan-Hoi. "Dynamique des prix et des marchés internationaux des énergies fossiles : de l'enjeu actuel à la prise en compte des contraintes d'émission de long terme." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21009.
Full textPech, Sophath. "Les aspects énergétiques de l'économie du Cambodge : bilan et perspectives : Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences économiques." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0031.
Full textSymonides, Michał. "L'Arctique comme enjeu de coopération internationale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH023/document.
Full textThe interest in the Arctic has grown through the environmental issues and climate change that deeply altered the region, especially with the impact of the global warming. These changes bring many threats but also important opportunities, and require a deeper cooperation to respond to them. The protection of the environment, the management of Arctic resources (natural, fishery, etc.), the use of sea routes, the delimitation of maritime boundaries, the respect of human rights and of indigenous peoples rights, the strategic and military aspects are all examples of the issues that coexist in the Arctic. They highlight the challenges that the cooperation in the Arctic is facing. None of these issues could solely be managed by the cooperation between the Arctic States, as their consequences and the interests at stake are global. In addition to the multitude of areas of cooperation, there is a congruence of actors: Arctic and extra-Arctic ones such as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, but also regions, inter-parliamentary organizations, indigenous peoples or scientific associations. The complexity of the situation is perceptible in the way the Arctic cooperation is established. Tensions exist both among the Arctic actors and between Arctic and extra-Arctic actors. Two contradictory processes seem to structure the cooperation with the regionalization on the one hand, and the internationalization on the other hand. Thus, cooperation between Arctic stakeholders is built around many international institutions, which structures and roles will certainly evolve. The central structure of the Arctic cooperation is the Arctic Council – a regional institution. At the same time, the cooperation in the Arctic region is based on global international cooperations, with essential instruments as the Convention on the law of the sea of 1982. Arctic cooperation seems to be an interesting model based on flexibility that should enable adaptation, which is especially important in a region so deeply exposed to fast changes. It is based on a unique structure emphasizing multi-level and multi-stakeholder actions, keeping a balance between hard and soft law. If the Arctic cooperation builds a real Arctic region with a growing importance in the international arena, the ties between the world and the region remains uncertain. The inclusion of extra-Arctic actors is necessary but it is facing resistance from a part of the Arctic actors. Arctic arises as a new object of international relations and may even become a new actor, but it must respond to the dangers that may exist for cooperation in this region, dangers that seem to come especially from exogenous causes. Therefore, Arctic cooperation requires a thorough analysis of the issues it is faced with as well as its contradictions and paradoxes. This thesis aims to study the Arctic cooperation highlighting its mechanisms and particularities as well as to analyze relationships that it can develop with extra-Arctic actors and how it incorporates into international relations
Faucheux, Sylvie. "L'articulation des évaluations monétaire et energétique en économie." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010025.
Full textA differentiation between the "economically real" and the "non-economically real" allows to explain some questions about economy in connection with natural environment and strictly economic problems. Energy valuation is close to the way of expressing the real, to the means of measuring the contribution of market and non-market natural flows to production. The adequate tool for doing this isn't energy calculation, that concerns only market energy but eco-energetic analysis, in which the whole energy-supporting agents and the other economic and non-economic goods are expressed. Energy is finally considered as a common substance for these goods and energy valuation a common measure. Energy and money valuations are complementary and neither can be reduced to the dimensions of the other; thus we are able to draw a number of lessons from their linkage. Eco-energetics offers new foundations and an operative tool to the concept of sustainable development, which takes place at the junction of the "economically real" and "non-economically real"
Al, Kabbani Fahad. "Consommation d'énergie dans le secteur résidentiel et la politique énergétique en Arabie saoudite : le cas de la ville de Riyad." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040057.
Full textNowadays, it is essential to take into account the impacts of the environment, both in terms of energy use and the protection of populations. We need to enforce new practices in favor of a sustainable approach to land-use planning. On the other hand, these are spaces conducive to the experimentation of new urban forms in the fields of housing, transport, agricultural land. On the long term, the development to be adopted depends on the current development since it depends on the long-term availability of reliable and non-polluting sources of energy. Saudi Arabia faces several challenges: economic, linked to the export of hydrocarbons which are exhaustible resources and whose prices are unstable; energy, since Saudi Arabia needs to diversify its economy; residential sector, as there is an increase in demography and hence housing needs, industrial production, and freight transport. The housing environment, as it is reflects a big part of consumption of the energy in the Kingdom. So, it is needed to operate new methods for better ways of consuming the energy in buildings to reduce the quantity of lost energy
Fléty, Yann. "Vers une mise en observation des systèmes énergétiques territoriaux : une approche géographique pour territorialiser l'énergie." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1001/document.
Full textHaving an effect on a system calls for a thorough knowledge of it. The main goal of this research is toprovide a general framework for the interpretation of geographic information, as well as a methodologicalframework to understand the interrelations between territory and energy in the context of a territorialobservatory. A literature review of energy planning on the one hand and spatial planning on the other revealssimilar developments in the two fields, in particular in terms of decentralisation and environmental concerns.The change of geographical scale chosen for the analysis brings new possibilities for public intervention. Inthis context, therefore, local authorities have a key role to play in implementing energy policy goals in theirplanning practices. They need analysis and prospective studies, as well as basic knowledge to carry outterritorial energy planning. Indeed, the socio-spatial functions (living, travelling, working, etc.) arethemselves at the root of spatial layout, urban forms and settlement structures. Those functions cannot bedisassociated from questions of land use and energy. So, to understand energy which is vital, ubiquitous, andresponsible for the organisation of territory, a systemic approach is proposed: the Territorial Energy System.It illustrates the importance of the interactions between a territory and its energy system, and more precisely,the interdependence between energy processes and territorial ones. We propose a design approach in thecontext of an observatory, and more precisely conceptual models, to analyse the territory-energyinterrelations, especially with a focus on semantic dimensions. This approach combines three elements: ameta-model, a light and pre-consensus domain ontology, and individual conceptual data models for eachindicator. An original indicator is then used for a first ontology population: the territorial energy label.Characterising the interrelations between territory and energy is non-trivial, dealing with the variety ofprocesses, scales or data constraints and the numerous meanings of those two concepts. The maincontributions of this research is firstly to demonstrate the relevance of a territorial perspective on energy, aswell as presenting a geographical design approach to conceptualising the observation of territorial energysystems in a territorial observatory
Poline, Marie. "Contribution aux méthodes de conception et de gestion des systèmes énergétiques multi-sources par optimisation systémique : application aux trains hybrides électrique autonomes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT099/document.
Full textIn France, there are two traction modes for railway: the diesel and electric traction. Each mode has its own issues. For diesel, the increasing control of the greenhouse gas emissions imposes to evolve this type of train to a less polluting solution. For electric traction, the energy consumption creates a voltage drop which can cause a traffic slowdown, which will limit the traffic development. The studied solution by SNCF is the hybridization of the train (adding storage system).Thus, these works have the objective to build a method to do the pre-sizing of storage systems embedded in trains. Moreover, to take into account the mutual influence of the sizing and the energy management, this last one is included in the sizing model. An optimization algorithm solves the global model.The method has been developed for the two traction modes (diesel and electric) and the optimization has been made with SQP algorithm (Sequential Quadratic Programming)
Le, Minh Thong. "Le rôle des gaz conventionnels et non-conventionnels dans la transition énergétique en Asie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE007/document.
Full textEnergy and environmental issues are one of the main challenges for humanity in the 21st century. Global growth in energy demand links to environmental concerns including pollution, global warming and reduction of CO2 emissions. In particular, it is an urgent request in rapidly growing developing regions such as Asian countries. Using cleaner energy sources, renewable energy instead of traditional energy sources like coal and oil is an inevitable option in the future. In the current context, natural gas is seen as a clean energy source which plays a major role in the energy transition process towards a low-carbon economy. The consequences for natural gas markets are significant and the condition of this change is an abundant supply of natural gas. The development of unconventional gas, particularly shale gas, provides an opportunity to expand the global gas supply. This is illustrated by the “shale gas revolution” in US which has profoundly changed the regional gas markets. However, this "revolution" is hardly reproducible in other regions of the world. This thesis demonstrates particularly that apart from geological, institutional conditions (taxation, property rights), economic (prices, technologies) and organizational (free markets) are necessary for a large scale development of unconventional resources. This research also shows that most of these conditions are not met in Europe or Asia (especially in China). Therefore, an energy transition by natural gas to meet climate challenges in Asia will be solved through imports, rather than through regional production. From three scenarios of the POLES model based on assumptions about climate policy, shale gas development and rapid increase of demand for gas in the energy mix (particularly in Asia), two main conclusions emerge. The developments of shale gas with low cost in the USA make the global gas supply abundant and more competitive than other energies, particularly coal. Therefore, even without climate policy, the conditions are ripe for the increaseof natural gas proportion in the energy mix. Secondly, a strong climate policy has contradictory effects on the relative share of natural gas in the Asian energy mix. On the one hand, it allows natural gas larger penetration into the energy mix of Asia. But at the same time, with limitation of energy demand, requested natural gas volumes are only slightly higher than in scenarios without climate policy