Journal articles on the topic 'Responsible absorptive capacity'
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1
Scholten, V. E., and P. A. van der Duin. "Responsible innovation among academic spin-offs: how responsible practices help developing absorptive capacity." Journal on Chain and Network Science 15, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.x005.
Abstract:
Responsible innovation (RI) among technology-based start-ups has received little attention, while these firms are known to operate on the edges of what is socially desirable or ethically acceptable. In this paper we develop a conceptual model that captures the RI practices among 61 academic spin-offs and investigate how it affects the capacity of the firm to absorb external knowledge to better the exploitation of the innovation. The findings indicate that potential absorptive capacity is increased by both stakeholder engagement and social responsiveness, while realized absorptive capacity is moderately increased through social responsiveness. Remarkable is the finding that the extent that sustainability practices resonate in the start-ups operations does have a negative effect on the potential absorptive capacity. These results provide insight in the way in which start-ups adopt a RI philosophy to their innovation process and help to better understand how they learn and acquire external knowledge to increase the acceptance of their innovations. The findings provide clear recommendations for entrepreneurs and policymakers in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation.
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Singh, G., K. I. Chaudry, and I. H. Chaudry. "ATP-MgCl2 restores gut absorptive capacity early after trauma-hemorrhagic shock." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): R977—R983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.r977.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether ATP-MgCl2 as an adjunct to resuscitation has any beneficial effect on the depressed gut absorptive capacity (GAC) after hemorrhage and, if so, whether alterations in whole blood viscosity (WBV) are, in part, responsible for those effects. Rats were anesthetized, a laparotomy was performed (i.e., trauma induced), and blood vessels were cannulated. The animals then underwent fixed pressure (40 mmHg) hemorrhage, followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer solution. One group received 50 mumol/kg ATP-MgCl2 and another received saline during resuscitation. At 2 and 4 h after the end of hemorrhage, a 1-h D-xylose absorption test was performed. Viscosity determinations were made at corresponding time points in another set of rats subjected to sham hemorrhage, acute hemodilution, or hemorrhage and resuscitation. Results show that xylose absorption is depressed after hemorrhage and resuscitation and that ATP-MgCl2 restored it to normal. D-Xylose absorption was inhibited by glucose, indicating a facilitated transport process. Furthermore, WBV was reduced by the administration of ATP-MgCl2. Thus ATP-MgCl2 improves GAC early after hemorrhage and resuscitation, possibly by reducing WBV, and may be a useful adjunct to resuscitation, allowing for early enteral nutrition.
3
Dzhengiz, Tulin, and Eva Niesten. "Competences for Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review on the Impact of Absorptive Capacity and Capabilities." Journal of Business Ethics 162, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 881–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04360-z.
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AbstractResponsible management competences are the skills of managers to deal with the triple bottom line, stakeholder value and moral dilemmas. In this paper, we analyse how managers develop responsible management competences and how the competences interact with capabilities at the organisational level. The paper contributes to the responsible management literature by integrating research on absorptive capacity and organisational learning. By creating intersections between these disparate research streams, this study enables a better understanding of the development of responsible management competences. The paper is a systematic literature review on environmental competences, which are a type of responsible management competences referring to the managerial skills aimed at improving environmental sustainability. The findings demonstrate that managers who are able to recognize and acquire external knowledge develop environmental competences, and organisations capable of assimilating, transforming and exploiting knowledge develop environmental capabilities. The paper establishes that a dynamic and recursive relation exists between environmental competences and capabilities. Antecedents and contextual conditions specific to a sustainability context, such as eco-centric values and stakeholder pressures, influence the development of environmental competences. The study shows that environmental competences have a positive direct effect on environmental performance, and an indirect effect as a mediator between environmental capabilities and performance.
4
Moura, Dulcineia Catarina, Maria José Madeira, Filipe A. P. Duarte, João Carvalho, and Orlando Kahilana. "Absorptive capacity and cooperation evidence in innovation from public policies for innovation." International Journal of Innovation Science 11, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-05-2017-0051.
Abstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to better understand whether firm cooperation and absorptive capacity foster success in seeking public financial support for innovation activities and, by doing so, how they contribute to innovation output.Design/methodology/approachThe authors therefore extend the existing literature focusing on the effects of cooperation and absorptive capacity on specific public financial support for innovation activities in Portuguese firms from local or regional government, central administration and the European Union by using available data from the Community Innovation Survey CIS 2010 and the application of logistic regression models. The empirical analysis enabled a better understanding of the positive relationship of the variables that determine the form of public financial support in the integration of incentives within firms to stimulate innovation.FindingsTherefore, as the level of absorptive capacity in Portuguese firms increases, so does the demand for benefits from public financial support to stimulate innovation from the European Union also increases. The same analysis, now considering the determinant cooperation, notes the positive effects of institutional sources of information and cooperation, in the propensity for seeking public financial incentives from the Central Administration and the European Union. As for internal information and cooperation sources, they are positively related to the integration of incentive measures from the local or Regional Administration and Central Administration.Originality/valueThe paper presents results that allow us to propose some suggestions that both the firms and those responsible for the implementation of public policies can undertake to increment innovation performance.
5
KAUNISTO, KARI M., and HANNU J. RAJANIEMI. "Expression and Localization of the Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform NHE3 in the Rat Efferent Ducts." Journal of Andrology 23, no. 2 (March 4, 2002): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02620.x.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT: The efferent ducts reabsorb most of the fluid released with spermatozoa from the testis. This absorptive capacity results in a severalfold increase in sperm concentration in the proximal epididymis and is partly responsible for maintenance of the optimal microenvironment for the sperm maturation. The fluid absorption is coupled to active Na+ transport and is inhibitable by amiloride, both of which suggest a role for a Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE). NHE3 is an apical membrane NHE responsible for sodium absorption in renal proximal tubule and intestinal epithelium. In the present study, we examined the expression of NHE3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in the rat efferent ducts by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting and the localization of NHE3 by indirect immunofluoresce. RT‐PCR indicated the expression of NHE3 mRNA, and Western blotting showed an NHE3 protein in the efferent duct membrane homogenate. By immunofluorescence, NHE3 was localized to the apical membrane of the nonciliated cells in the efferent duct epithelium, which also expressed aquaporin‐1 water channel protein. These results suggest that NHE3 potentially plays an important role in the fluid reabsorption in the efferent ducts.
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Ma, Yuanzhang, Guoyu Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Wei Dai, and Yaning Luan. "Mercury Uptake and Transport by Plants in Aquatic Environments: A Meta-Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 8829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198829.
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The use of phytoremediation technology to remove heavy metal ions from aquatic environments or reduce their toxicity offers the possibility of restoring the ecological environment of polluted water bodies. Based on available literature on heavy metal absorption by aquatic plants, we conducted a meta-analysis to study the absorptive capacities of different plants as well as the factors that influence their Hg-absorption performance. Seventeen plant families, including Araceae, Haloragaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, and Poaceae, have a strong Hg-absorption capacity. The root systems of aquatic plants belonging to these families are primarily responsible for this remediation function, and only a limited proportion of Hg+ that enters a plant via the root system is transferred to other plant organs. Additionally, the diversity of plant life habits (e.g., floating, submerged, and emergent) and the water pH significantly influence the ability of plants to absorb Hg. It is expected that this study will provide a reference for the cultivation of aquatic plants for restoring the ecological environment of Hg-polluted water bodies.
7
Lin, Yu-Hsien, Nisha Kulangara, Krista Foster, and Jennifer Shang. "Improving Green Market Orientation, Green Supply Chain Relationship Quality, and Green Absorptive Capacity to Enhance Green Competitive Advantage in the Green Supply Chain." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187251.
Abstract:
This study examines the influences of market orientation, supply chain relationship quality, and absorptive capacity on competitive advantage in green supply chains. We examine the intensity of these relationships in a green supply chain context. This study aims to figure out the effects of green market orientation (GMO), green supply chain relationship quality (GRQ), and green absorptive capacity (GAC) on green competitive advantage (GCA) in a supply chain. We find a significant positive association between these constructs. It highlights the importance of antecedents such as GMO, GRQ, and GAC on improving GCA. We jointly investigate the effects of GMO, GRQ, and GAC on green supply chain competitive advantage. This study uses Process Macro 2.15 to test the mediation effect between GMO and GCA. The result shows that GRQ and GAC completely mediate the relationship between GMO and GCA and that the effect sizes are 0.11 and 0.20, respectively. This study also reruns the model to clarify whether competing models are better than our model. However, the performance of such a competing model is poor. Finally, we accept our model instead of the competing model. GMO and GRQ among team managers and employees appear to contribute positively to GCA. Although GAC does not directly influence GCA, GMO has a significant total effect on GCA when intervened by GRQ and GAC. The key contribution is that green market orientation, i.e., the employee culture and the emphasis on being environmentally responsible, is a key antecedent to GRQ, GAC, and GCA. Managerial implications of the findings are listed.
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De Marco, Giuseppe, Tiziana Cappello, and Maria Maisano. "Histomorphological Changes in Fish Gut in Response to Prebiotics and Probiotics Treatment to Improve Their Health Status: A Review." Animals 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2023): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182860.
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The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) promotes the digestion and absorption of feeds, in addition to the excretion of waste products of digestion. In fish, the GIT is divided into four regions, the headgut, foregut, midgut, and hindgut, to which glands and lymphoid tissues are associated to release digestive enzymes and molecules involved in the immune response and control of host-pathogens. The GIT is inhabited by different species of resident microorganisms, the microbiota, which have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship and are responsible for metabolic benefits and counteracting pathogen infection. There is a strict connection between a fish’s gut microbiota and its health status. This review focuses on the modulation of fish microbiota by feed additives based on prebiotics and probiotics as a feasible strategy to improve fish health status and gut efficiency, mitigate emerging diseases, and maximize rearing and growth performance. Furthermore, the use of histological assays as a valid tool for fish welfare assessment is also discussed, and insights on nutrient absorptive capacity and responsiveness to pathogens in fish by gut morphological endpoints are provided. Overall, the literature reviewed emphasizes the complex interactions between microorganisms and host fish, shedding light on the beneficial use of prebiotics and probiotics in the aquaculture sector, with the potential to provide directions for future research.
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Saulnier, Dell D., Hom Hean, Dawin Thol, Por Ir, Claudia Hanson, Johan Von Schreeb, and Helle Mölsted Alvesson. "Staying afloat: community perspectives on health system resilience in the management of pregnancy and childbirth care during floods in Cambodia." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 4 (April 2020): e002272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002272.
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IntroductionResilient health systems have the capacity to continue providing health services to meet the community’s diverse health needs following floods. This capacity is related to how the community manages its own health needs and the community and health system’s joined capacities for resilience. Yet little is known about how community participation influences health systems resilience. The purpose of this study was to understand how community management of pregnancy and childbirth care during floods is contributing to the system’s capacity to absorb, adapt or transform as viewed through a framework on health systems resilience.MethodsEight focus group discussions and 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with community members and leaders who experienced pregnancy or childbirth during recent flooding in rural Cambodia. The data were analysed by thematic analysis and discussed in relation to the resilience framework.ResultsThe theme ‘Responsible for the status quo’ reflected the community’s responsibility to find ways to manage pregnancy and childbirth care, when neither the expectations of the health system nor the available benefits changed during floods. The theme was informed by notions on: i) developmental changes, the unpredictable nature of floods and limited support for managing care, ii) how information promoted by the public health system led to a limited decision-making space for pregnancy and childbirth care, iii) a desire for security during floods that outweighed mistrust in the public health system and iv) the limits to the coping strategies that the community prepared in case of flooding.ConclusionsThe community mainly employed absorptive strategies to manage their care during floods, relieving the burden on the health system, yet restricted support and decision-making may risk their capacity. Further involvement in decision-making for care could help improve the health system’s resilience by creating room for the community to adapt and transform when experiencing floods.
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Bert, Vermeire, Viaene Jacques, and Gellynck Xavier. "Effect of uncertainty on farmers decision making: Case of animal manure use." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 5-6 (December 30, 2009): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/5-6/1.
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Due to the high levels of manure application and the poor use efficiency of manure, the European agriculture is held responsible for a considerable negative impact on surface water quality (Langeveld et al., 2007). This problem has emerged particularly in Western-European countries such as the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Denmark, facing a large expansion and intensification process in the livestock production since the 1960s (Van der Straeten et al., 2008). Policy measures related to the application of manure on the land encompass two major measures: emission rights, understood as the amount of nutrients which can be applied on the land, differentiated by crop and the N spreading calendars, whereby the manure can only be applied when the crop needs nutrients. The fundamental aim of this pillar is to maximising application rate while avoiding overfertilisation. Maximizing the application rate is related to the economic sustainability of the agricultural sector, by altering the manure surplus, while avoiding overfertilisation is imperative in enhancing ecological sustainability, by preventing nitrate leaching to surface and soil waters. For nitrate policy to meet its target, the farmers should not exceed their emission rights, however make optimal use of their emission right for manure. Consequently, the successful implementation of sink-related measures will strongly depend of the absorptive capacity of farmers towards new ways of nutrient management in general and of animal manures in particular.
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Edwards, J., H. Huebers, C. Kunzler, and C. Finch. "Iron metabolism in the Belgrade rat." Blood 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.3.623.623.
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Abstract Iron metabolism in the Belgrade rat was examined in the intact animal and in the reticulocyte suspensions. The plasma iron turnover was increased. However, when allowance was made for the effect of the elevated plasma iron concentration, erythroid marrow capacity for iron uptake was at basal levels. Numbers of erythroid cells in marrow and spleen measured by the radioiron dilution technique were increased. Thus iron uptake was not proportionate to the erythroid hyperplasia in the b/b rat, despite a more than adequate plasma iron supply. This relative deficiency in iron uptake was reflected in a severe microcytosis and elevated red cell protoporphyrin. Reticulocyte incubation studies demonstrated an unimpaired uptake of the transferrin- iron-receptor complex but a marked reduction in iron accumulation. The diferric transferrin molecule, when it did give up iron within the cell, released both of its iron atoms so that only apotransferrin was returned to the media. In contrast to the nearly complete release of iron within the normal reticulocyte, the major portion of iron taken up by the Belgrade reticulocyte was returned to the plasma. The release mechanism that can be impaired in iron-deficient reticulocytes by EDTA or cadmium was shown to be affected by lower concentrations of these substances in the Belgrade reticulocyte. It is concluded that the Belgrade rat has an abnormality of iron release within the absorptive vacuole that is responsible for a state of intracellular iron deficiency, involving the erythron and other body tissues.
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Edwards, J., H. Huebers, C. Kunzler, and C. Finch. "Iron metabolism in the Belgrade rat." Blood 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v67.3.623.bloodjournal673623.
Abstract:
Iron metabolism in the Belgrade rat was examined in the intact animal and in the reticulocyte suspensions. The plasma iron turnover was increased. However, when allowance was made for the effect of the elevated plasma iron concentration, erythroid marrow capacity for iron uptake was at basal levels. Numbers of erythroid cells in marrow and spleen measured by the radioiron dilution technique were increased. Thus iron uptake was not proportionate to the erythroid hyperplasia in the b/b rat, despite a more than adequate plasma iron supply. This relative deficiency in iron uptake was reflected in a severe microcytosis and elevated red cell protoporphyrin. Reticulocyte incubation studies demonstrated an unimpaired uptake of the transferrin- iron-receptor complex but a marked reduction in iron accumulation. The diferric transferrin molecule, when it did give up iron within the cell, released both of its iron atoms so that only apotransferrin was returned to the media. In contrast to the nearly complete release of iron within the normal reticulocyte, the major portion of iron taken up by the Belgrade reticulocyte was returned to the plasma. The release mechanism that can be impaired in iron-deficient reticulocytes by EDTA or cadmium was shown to be affected by lower concentrations of these substances in the Belgrade reticulocyte. It is concluded that the Belgrade rat has an abnormality of iron release within the absorptive vacuole that is responsible for a state of intracellular iron deficiency, involving the erythron and other body tissues.
13
Dirir, Sadik Aden. "The interconnection between fiscal policy and foreign direct investment with R&D: Insights from East Asian countries." Upravlenets 14, no. 4 (September 7, 2023): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2023-14-4-2.
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As a technological powerhouse, Asia should not be overlooked. The region has been responsible for 87% of patent filings, 43% of startup investment, 51% of expenditures on research and development, and 52% of the global growth in tech company revenues during the past ten years. Within this framework, the current paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy and FDI on research and development in East Asian countries during the last 20 years. It further analyses the direction and shocks of these impacts. The methodological framework included theories of public policy and R&D management, the concept of absorptive capacity, etc. The database includes fiscal policy, FDI, domestic credit, and R&D data for 2000–2020. As a result, the paper adopted Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Granger causality tests to capture the short-run and long-run dynamic relationship among the variables. Next, we utilized Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) models to capture the cointegration between fiscal policy, FDI, domestic credit, and R&D. In light of this, the research revealed that the region’s fiscal policy and FDI outflows had a negative impact on the spending on R&D. Conversely, the results showed that FDI inflows and domestic loans provided to the private sector had a large favourable influence on research and development. It is also crucial to emphasize that the ARDL model produced results that were equivalent to the FMOLS and DOLS. Lastly, the Granger causality demonstrated a one-way causal relationship between fiscal policy and research and development. The study will help policymakers on how to promote R&D and enhance a country’s competitiveness in the global economy by paying enough attention to their fiscal policy. It will also assist policymakers to develop strategies to attract FDI that can benefit their R&D sector.
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Dobrzykowski, David D., Rudolf Leuschner, Paul C. Hong, and James J. Roh. "Examining Absorptive Capacity in Supply Chains: Linking Responsive Strategy and Firm Performance." Journal of Supply Chain Management 51, no. 4 (October 2015): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12085.
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Ismail, Md Daud, Zurina Samsudin, Mohd Salekhan Othman, and Roshayati binti Abdul Hamid. "Strategic Orientation and Absorptive Capacity: The Mediating Role Of Functional Conflict." South East Asian Journal of Management 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/seam.v17i2.1454.
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"Research Aims: This study investigates the mediating role of functional conflict in explaining the effect of market orientation on the absorptive capacity of small and medium enterprises (SME) exporters in emerging markets. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data were successfully collected from 124 respondents and tested using structural equation modelling via Smart-PLS. Research Findings: The results support the notion that responsive market orientation and proactive market orientation positively influence absorptive capacity. In addition, functional conflicts serve as a quasi-mediator in the relationship between responsive market orientation and absorptive capacity. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The export competitiveness of SMEs is the output of intangible assets of external knowledge. The ability to identify the relevant knowledge, disseminate that knowledge within the organisation and transform it into valuable products or services is pertinent. Nevertheless, firms vary in terms of the ability to develop absorptive capacity. Accordingly, previous research investigates the antecedent of absorptive capacity, but very few have looked at the role of market orientation and the conditions that influence the relationship. Managerial Implications in the South East Asian Context: Interaction with foreign importers affects SME knowledge development. Functional conflict requires open dialogues to develop meaningful outputs; as such, SMEs in South East Asia should aim to build good connections with their overseas importers. Research Limitations & Implications: The limitations of this study include the small sample size, the external condition of Covid-19 that was not included in this study and the cross-sectional approach of data collection which did not capture the dynamic nature of the firm’s capability. Keywords: Absorptive Capacity, Exporter-Importer Relationship, Functional Conflict, Market Orientation, Malaysia, SMEs"
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Modolo, Daniela, Priscila Rezende da Costa, and Leonardo Vils. "Capabilities, market and new product performance in Brazilian technology-based firms." European Business Review 33, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): 818–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-12-2019-0313.
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Purpose It should be highlighted that innovation is related to the absorption of knowledge, dynamicity and market orientation, with these elements seeking to aid efficiency, increasing firms’ competitive advantage. This study aims to gauge the influence of absorptive capacity, dynamic capability and market orientation on new product performance in Brazilian technology-based firms. Design/methodology/approach The study was characterized as quantitative, using primary data from Brazilian technology-based firms, as they are dynamic contexts that stimulate the absorption and exchange of knowledge and other organizational resources. It should be highlighted that this study received funding from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. The research hypotheses were empirically tested, confirming the relationship between dynamic capability and absorptive capacity, market orientation and new product performance. Findings Regarding the empirical contribution of the research results, it could be argued that for the purpose of improving performance in innovation, reflected in new product performance, companies need to develop strategies that correspond to market demand. Furthermore, these empirical findings provide an integrating view of the constructs and identify the importance of companies anticipating and responding to the demands of their customers quickly so that they can enjoy better performance. Therefore, companies need to adjust their processes, resources and capabilities to obtain better results, and for this, the involvement of managers is fundamental because they are the only ones with the clout to stimulate such initiatives. This approach favors recognizing and valuing absorptive capacity and dynamic capabilities and helps to identify new constructs such as responsive and proactive market orientation, which need to be adequately developed by managers to create competitive advantages that stem from better new product performance. Research limitations/implications A limitation of the study is that it does not address a specific analysis of the sector in which the technology-based firms (TBFs) under study operate. No tests were conducted regarding whether it is possible to perceive different structural paths for absorptive capacity, market orientation, dynamic capability and new product performance according to the sector of the TBFs. Practical implications Regarding the empirical contribution of the research results, it could be argued that for the purpose of improving performance in innovation, reflected in new product performance, companies need to develop strategies that correspond to market demand. Furthermore, these empirical findings provide an integrating view of the constructs and identify the importance of companies anticipating and responding to the demands of their customers quickly so that they can enjoy better performance. Therefore, companies need to adjust their processes, resources and capabilities to obtain better results and, for this, the involvement of managers is fundamental because they are the only ones with the clout to stimulate such initiatives. Social implications One of the main contributions of the study is that it provides an empirical demonstration that on its own absorptive capacity cannot boost new product performance. For this purpose, it needs to be combined with dynamic capabilities. Through this proposed model, it was possible to characterize the antecedent relationship of absorptive capacity and illustrate its relationship with dynamic capabilities. Another relevant theoretical contribution is the statistical proof of the positive relationship of both proactive and responsive market orientation with dynamic capability, and that dynamic capability has a positive influence on new product performance, which will generate better financial performance of TBFs. Originality/value As a contribution to the field, it was empirically demonstrated that on its own absorptive capacity cannot improve new product performance. For this to occur, it must be combined with dynamic capabilities. Through the proposed model, it is possible to characterize the antecedent relationship of absorptive capacity and illustrate its relationship with dynamic capability.
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Lichtenthaler, Ulrich. "Determinants of absorptive capacity: the value of technology and market orientation for external knowledge acquisition." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 5 (June 6, 2016): 600–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-04-2015-0076.
Abstract:
Purpose This paper aims to draw on a knowledge-based view to emphasize that internal technological and market knowledge is critical to developing absorptive capacity. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper, which draws on recent transformations of management practices. Thus, the paper builds on prior academic contributions. Findings Firms increasingly establish innovation processes that involve an active acquisition of external technologies, often through alliances and licensing. To explain differences across firms in external knowledge acquisition, marketing and product innovation researchers have recently adopted a process perspective of absorptive capacity, which refers to a firm’s ability to explore, retain and exploit external knowledge. This paper develops a conceptual framework with propositions relating technology orientation, responsive market orientation and proactive market orientation to the three process stages of absorptive capacity under different conditions of environmental dynamism. Originality/value Beyond the relevance of technology and market orientation for fostering internal innovation, this paper points to their importance for successfully acquiring external technological knowledge. In light of increasingly open innovation processes, absorptive capacity is an essential complement to internal innovation in linking technology and market orientation to firm performance.
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Yadav, Neelam, and Raminder Kaur. "Environment friendly qualitatively responsive ethyl cellulose films as smart food packaging." Materials Express 9, no. 7 (October 1, 2019): 792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2019.1559.
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The present study assessed the applicability of pH indicators in the polymeric films that can be used as smart packaging in the food industries. The pH responsive films using Ethyl cellulose (EC) and azo indicators [i.e., Methyl Orange (MO) and Methyl Red (MR)] have been developed, which have shown remarkable sensitivity towards the pH variation. After activation in different pH range, the colour variation was measured for each film with the CIE Lab methodology. A significant L * [the parameter L * represents the lightness of colours from 0 (dark) to 100 (light), in CIELAB units] variation of EC-MO was seen ranging from 59 (at 0% acid) to 32 (at 60% acid) while for EC-MR, the variation in L * parameter was seen ranging from 89 (at 0% acid) to 32 (at 50% acid). These qualitatively responsive films were further tested for their water absorption capacity and mechanical properties. The water absorption capacity of the EC film incorporated with indicators were observed to be low as compared to the EC-standard film. The incorporation of MO resulted in a regular increase in water absorption capacity range from 34.08–47.11 while the MR incorporated films showed an irregular increase from 41.13–42.13, during a 24 hrs interval. The film with MO also showed a good mechanical property when tested by a micro UTM. The peak load was observed at around 2.7 N. Necking was more observant in the EC film incorporated with MO as compared to other samples, thus showing good plasticity.
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Soriano, Gonzalo, Gabriel Fabón, Laura Monforte, Ana Séneca, Lars Söderström, Javier Martínez-Abaigar, and Encarnación Núñez-Olivera. "Ultraviolet absorption capacity of Sphagnum species from Norwegian peatlands." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Briología, no. 40-41(33) (November 15, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.58469/bseb.2013.95.81.001.
Abstract:
The bulk level of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UVAC) has been analyzed in 8 moss species of the genus Sphagnum collected in Norwegian peatlands, differentiating the methanol-soluble (SUVAC) and methanol-insoluble cell wall-bound (WUVAC) fractions. These WUVAC data are the first obtained in Sphagnum. All the species studied showed low values of SUVAC, WUVAC and Total UVAC (the sum of both fractions) per dry mass in comparison with other bryophytes. Thus, Sphagnum is a peculiar genus within bryophytes also regarding UVAC. These low values suggest that photophilous Sphagnum species would be adapted to high UV levels through additional or alternative mechanisms, although it remains to be confirmed if UVAC values are equally low when calculated per unit of chlorophyll. Clear interspecific differences in UVAC values among the 8 studied species were observed, but they were not related to either the genus sections, the relative position of chlorocysts and hyalocysts in the leaves, or the light requirements of the different species as indicated by the Ellenberg values for light (although the most sciophilous species showed lower values of SUVAC, WUVAC and Total UVAC). More studies using a higher number of species from different locations and ecological conditions should be undertaken to understand the genetic and environmental factors responsible for those interspecific differences. Se ha analizado la cantidad global de compuestos absorbentes de radiación ultravioleta (CARUV) en 8 especies de musgos del género Sphagnum recolectadas en turberas de Noruega, diferenciando las fracciones soluble en metanol (CARUV-S) e insoluble (unida a la pared celular, CARUV-I). Esta es la primera vez que se aportan datos de CARUV-I en Sphagnum. Todas las especies estudiadas presentaban contenidos bajos de CARUV-I, CARUV-S y CARUV Totales (la suma de ambos) por masa seca en comparación con otros briófitos, por lo que el género Sphagnum resulta particular dentro de los briófitos también con respecto a los CARUV. Estos contenidos bajos sugieren que los esfagnos fotófilos se adaptarían a niveles altos de radiación UV utilizando mecanismos adicionales o alternativos, aunque queda por confirmar si los contenidos de CARUV son igualmente bajos al calcularlos en relación a la clorofila. Se han encontrado diferencias entre las 8 especies estudiadas, pero dichas diferencias no se han podido relacionar con la sección del género a la que pertenece cada especie, la posición relativa de los clorocistos y los hialocistos, o los requerimientos específicos de luz según los valores indicadores de Ellenberg (aunque las especies más esciófilas mostraban contenidos más bajos de CARUV-I, CARUV-S y CARUV Totales). Se recomienda emprender un estudio más amplio utilizando un mayor número de especies procedentes de diferentes lugares y condiciones ecológicas, para comprender los factores genéticos y ambientales responsables de las mencionadas diferencias interespecíficas.
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Bennbaia, Shada, Elsadig Mahdi, Galal Abdella, and Aamir Dean. "Composite Plastic Hybrid for Automotive Front Bumper Beam." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040162.
Abstract:
The bumper beam is a crucial component of the automobile bumper system, responsible for absorbing impact energy and enhancing the safety of passengers during collisions. This paper presents the design and experimental analysis of a 3D-printed composite–plastic hybrid light structure, designed as a collapsible energy absorber. Exploratory testing was conducted using low-impact tests to investigate the failure mechanism and energy absorption capacity of a spiral structure. The design process involved optimizing the spiral diameter by testing specimens with varying diameters between 0.5 cm and 2.5 cm, while keeping other geometric parameters constant. The study employed three types of 3D composite structures, including printed thermoplastic, printed thermoplastic reinforced with Kevlar fiber composite, and printed thermoplastic filled with foam. The thermoplastic–foam composite with nine spirals (diameter = 0.97 cm) yielded the best results. The new design demonstrated high energy absorption capacity and a controlled and progressive failure mechanism, making it a suitable candidate for energy absorption applications.
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Zhang, Xingtian, Jun Wu, Xiaoxiao Lu, Yefeng Yang, Li Gu, and Xuebo Cao. "Aqueous 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole Solution for Efficient CO2 Separation and Purification." Separations 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10040236.
Abstract:
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is considered as one of the most effective short-term solutions in reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. A key of CCS technology is to seek the absorbent with low cost, fast absorption rate, and high stability. In this study, we show that 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole is particularly suitable for efficient CO2 capture. The aqueous solution of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole displays a maximum CO2 molar absorption capacity of 1.0 mol∙mol−1 and the absorbed CO2 can be completely released through heating the solution at a relatively low temperature (<100 °C). Stability tests show that the aqueous system is quite stable, with less than 10% loss of the molar absorption capacity after eight absorption–desorption cycles. Time-related in-situ attenuated total reflection infrared absorption spectroscopy and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies reveal that the intermediates are HCO3− and H2CO3 in the process of CO2 absorption–desorption. These intermediates are easily decomposed, which are responsible for the low CO2 desorption temperature and high desorption efficiency of the system. Moreover, the aqueous solution of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole is able to separate and purify CO2 from flue gas and even ambient air. Consequently, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole is a promising low-cost CO2 absorbent for industrial implementation.
22
Olowokere, J. A., and C. M. Odineze. "Investigating the Thermal Characteristics and Water Absorption Capacity of Post-consumer Recycled Low Density Polyethylene Hybrid Composite." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 7 (June 29, 2024): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i71210.
Abstract:
The ability of a roofing material to resist heat, fire and moisture due to human and environmental factor is a critical requirement of a roofing tile or sheet. This work is focused on the thermal properties and water absorption capacity of Hybrid polymer composites (HPC). Durable HPCs of varying filler and polymer matrix formulation content were produced from Eucalyptus globulus sawdust ash (EGSA), locust bean pod ash (LBPA) kaolin clay and post-consumer low density polyethylene -LDPE (water sachet). Process-mixture experiment design was used to generate 12 runs for the formulation mix. Recycled LDPE and virgin LDPE matrices were also produced and used as control samples for the analysis. The thermal properties of the HPC samples with the best and optimum tested mechanical property (HPC2 and HPC7) was analyzed to determine the thermal properties which is responsible for their resistive capacity to heat and fire, using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Similarly, the water absorption capacity (WAC) of the HPCs was also determined. Result from the thermal analysis shows that HPC7 recorded the lowest enthalpy (∆H) value of 92.13 J/g. On the other hand, HPC2 recorded the highest melting temperature (Tm) of 138.39 oC, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 63 oC, degree of crystallization (Xc) of 96.28 % and oxidation onset temperature (OOT) of 59.61oC. These recorded values are due to the strong covalent bond, initiated by the crosslinking effect of the double cycle of heat of polymer extrusion, and the reinforcing effects of the fillers. The values are in comparison with the control samples. Furthermore, HPC 4 recorded the lowest water absorption capacity of 0.50% with good dimensional stability. This value is within the acceptable WAC limit, proposed for nonporous roofing tile by ASTM C373 -2018. The crosslinking effect of recycled LDPE matrix is also responsible for this good resistance to moisture. By extension, the WAC value is 20 times lower than the permissible standard value for general purpose roofing tiles. This HPC is recommended to be suitable for roofing purpose.
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Solano-Delgado, Leidy C., César A. Bravo-Sanabria, Carolina Ardila-Suárez, and Gustavo E. Ramírez-Caballero. "Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Polyglycerol Crosslinked with Citric and Fatty Acids." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3267361.
Abstract:
Polyglycerol-based hydrogels from biodegradable raw materials were synthesized by crosslinking reactions of polyglycerol with citric and fatty acids. Three hydrogels were studied varying molar ratios of crosslinking agent. It was found that crosslink amount, type, and size play a crucial role in swelling, thermal, mechanical, and stimuli-responsive properties. The hydrogels absorption capacity changed in response to temperature and pH external stimuli. The hydrogel with the highest swelling capacity absorbed more than 7 times its own weight at room temperature and pH 5. This material increased 14 times its own weight at pH 10. Creep-recovery tests were performed to study the effect of crosslinking agent on mechanical properties. Deformation and percentage of recovery of synthesized hydrogels were obtained. Formation of hydrogels was confirmed using FTIR, and physicochemical properties were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). This paper aims to give a contribution to biobased hydrogel knowledge from chemical, physicochemical, and mechanical point of view.
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Kumar, Mukul, Deepika Kaushik, Jasjit Kaur, Charalampos Proestos, Fatih Oz, Ashwani Kumar, Anjali Anjali, Tahra Elobeid, Murat Emre Terzioğlu, and Jianbo Xiao. "Assessment of Anti-Obesity Potential and Techno-Functional Properties of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bracts." Separations 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9120399.
Abstract:
The present research signifies the anti-obesity potential of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. and its techno-functional properties. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. Studies have reported the various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, etc., in Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., responsible for its biological properties such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antipyretic, and anticarcinogenic. In this article, the techno-functional properties of the plant, such as tapped density, bulk density, Hausner ratio, Carr index, angle of repose, water absorption and solubility index, swelling capacity, foaming capacity, foam stability, and oil absorption capacity were discussed. The plant’s total phenolic and flavonoid content was 2.9 mg GAE/g and 12.3 mg QE/g, respectively. The plant’s antioxidant activity (89.9%) was estimated using the DPPH assay. The components of the plant powder were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Lipase (IC50: 68.21) and amylase inhibition assay (IC50: 60.19) significantly confirmed the anti-obesity potential of the plant. The highest glucose retention time (2.1 mg/dL) was observed at 120 min.
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Suzuki, Shinya, Tsubasa Kato, Hidetoshi Kawabata, and Masaru Miyayama. "Electrode Properties of Todorokite-type Tunnel-structured Manganese Oxide for Calcium Secondary Batteries." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 19, no. 2 (July 2, 2016): 051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v19i2.330.
Abstract:
The electrode properties of todorokite-type tunnel-structured manganese oxides (TodMO) were examined for their potential use as cathode materials in calcium batteries. TodMO with a chemical composition of Mg0.19Na0.07MnO2·0.37H2O was prepared through hydrothermal treatment of layer-structured manganese oxide using magnesium ions as interlayer guest ions. The TodMO exhibited a dis-charge and charge capacity of 100 and 80 mAh g−1, respectively, at a relatively large current density of 100 mA g−1. The reaction mecha-nism was studied in detail using X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. Consequently, it became clear that the newly formed Mn3+-compound converted from TodMO is responsible for the reversible capacity.
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Dai, Pengxiu, Yangou Lv, Yongping Gao, Xiaowen Gong, Yihua Zhang, and Xinke Zhang. "ZafA Gene Is Important for Trichophyton mentagrophytes Growth and Pathogenicity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040848.
Abstract:
Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a common fungal pathogen that causes human and animal dermatophytosis. Previous studies have shown that zinc deficiency inhibits T. mentagrophytes growth, and the ZafA gene of T. mentagrophytes can code the functionally similar zinc finger transcriptional factor that can promote zinc ion absorption; however, the impact of ZafA on virulence and pathogenicity remains undetermined. To assess its gene function, the ZafA mutant, ZafA-hph, and the ZafA complemented strain, ZafA+bar, were constructed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses were used to confirm the disruption. In vitro growth capacity and virulence analyses comparing ZafA-hph with wild-type T. mentagrophytes and ZafA+bar showed that ZafA-hph’s growth performance, reproduction ability, and zinc ion absorption capacity were significantly lower than the wild-type T. mentagrophytes and ZafA+bar. ZafA-hph also showed weak hair biodegradation ability and animal pathogenicity. Thus, the significant decrease in T. mentagrophytes’ growth ability and virulence was due to a lack of the zinc-responsive activity factor rather than the transformation process. This study confirmed that the T. mentagrophytes’ zinc-responsive activity factor plays important roles in the pathogen’s growth, reproduction, zinc ion absorption, and virulence. This factor is important and significant for effectively preventing and controlling T. mentagrophytes infections.
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Xing, N., P. C. Bai, Ying Wu, Z. C. Lu, W. Han, and S. X. Zhou. "Phase Structure and Hydrogen Storage Characterization of the As-Cast Mg-10Ni-2Mm Alloy." Materials Science Forum 650 (May 2010): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.650.150.
Abstract:
The microstructural revolution of non-hydrogenated and hydrogenated Mg-based Mg-10Ni-2Mm alloy was studied. PCT and H-absorption/desorption kinetics were performed to evaluate the hydrogen storage properties. Storage capacities of 4.75, 5.03 and 5.27wt.%H for the alloy were obtained at 300, 325 and 350°C, respectively. The phases in the hydrogenated samples are mainly MgH2 and Mg2NiH4. Two absorption/desorption plateau existed in the PCT curves at each isothermal temperature. The values of ΔH and ΔS of the Mg2NiH4-formation was respectively -61.5 kJ/mol H2 and -118.6 J/mol H2 K which is lower compared with literature values. The kinetics of the H-absorption/desorption reactions for the alloy was improved by increasing the temperature. The alloy at 350°C showed the best kinetics performance of the H-absorption/desorption among the three temperatures. It is suggested that metallic particles and Mm may be mainly responsible for the improvement of the H-absorption/desorption kinetics, and Ni for the enhancement of hydrogen absorption capacity of the alloys.
28
García-Casal, Maria N., José Ramírez, Irene Leets, Ana C. Pereira, and Maria F. Quiroga. "Antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content and iron bioavailability from algae (Ulva sp., Sargassum sp. and Porphyra sp.) in human subjects." British Journal of Nutrition 101, no. 1 (July 18, 2008): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508994757.
Abstract:
Marine algae are easily produced and are good sources of Fe. If this Fe is bioavailable, algae consumption could help to combat Fe deficiency and anaemia worldwide. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Fe bioavailability, polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity from three species of marine algae distributed worldwide. A total of eighty-three subjects received maize- or wheat-based meals containing marine algae (Ulva sp., Sargassum sp. and Porphyra sp.) in different proportions (2·5, 5·0 and 7·5 g) added to the water to prepare the dough. All meals administered contained radioactive Fe. Absorption was evaluated calculating radioactive Fe incorporation in subjects' blood. The three species of marine algae were analysed for polyphenol content and reducing power. Algae significantly increased Fe absorption in maize- or wheat-based meals, especially Sargassum sp., due to its high Fe content. Increases in absorption were dose-dependent and higher in wheat- than in maize-based meals. Total polyphenol content was 10·84, 18·43 and 80·39 gallic acid equivalents/g for Ulva sp., Porphyra sp. and Sargassum sp., respectively. The antioxidant capacity was also significantly higher in Sargassum sp. compared with the other two species analysed. Ulva sp., Sargassum sp. and Porphyra sp. are good sources of bioavailable Fe. Sargassum sp. resulted in the highest Fe intake due to its high Fe content, and a bread containing 7·5 g Sargassum sp. covers daily Fe needs. The high polyphenol content found in Sargassum sp. could be partly responsible for the antioxidant power reported here, and apparently did not affect Fe absorption.
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Serafini, Mauro, and Giuseppa Morabito. "The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000116.
Abstract:
Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.
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Iskandar, M. A., Esam Bashir Yahya, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, A. A. Rahman, and M. A. Ismail. "Recent Progress in Modification Strategies of Nanocellulose-Based Aerogels for Oil Absorption Application." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050849.
Abstract:
Oil spills and oily wastewater have become a major environmental problem in recent years, directly impacting the environment and biodiversity. Several techniques have been developed to solve this problem, including biological degradation, chemicals, controlled burning, physical absorption and membrane separation. Recently, biopolymeric aerogels have been proposed as a green solution for this problem, and they possess superior selective oil absorption capacity compared with other approaches. Several modification strategies have been applied to nanocellulose-based aerogel to enhance its poor hydrophobicity, increase its oil absorption capacity, improve its selectivity of oils and make it a compressible and elastic magnetically responsive aerogel, which will ease its recovery after use. This review presents an introduction to nanocellulose-based aerogel and its fabrication approaches. Different applications of nanocellulose aerogel in environmental, medical and industrial fields are presented. Different strategies for the modification of nanocellulose-based aerogel are critically discussed in this review, presenting the most recent works in terms of enhancing the aerogel performance in oil absorption in addition to the potential of these materials in near future.
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Sundaram, Palaniappan, Nepal, Chaffins, Sundaram, and Arthur. "Mechanism of Dyslipidemia in Obesity—Unique Regulation of Ileal Villus Cell Brush Border Membrane Sodium–Bile Acid Cotransport." Cells 8, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101197.
Abstract:
In obesity, increased absorption of dietary fat contributes to altered lipid homeostasis. In turn, dyslipidemia of obesity leads to many of the complications of obesity. Bile acids are necessary for the absorption of dietary fat. In the mammalian intestine, apical sodium-dependent bile acid cotransporter (ASBT; SLC10A2) is exclusively responsible for the reabsorption of bile acids in the terminal ileum. In rat and mice models of obesity and importantly in obese humans, ASBT was increased in ileal villus cells. The mechanism of stimulation of ASBT was secondary to an increase in ASBT expression in villus cell brush border membrane. The stimulation of ASBT was not secondary to the altered Na-extruding capacity of villus cells during obesity. Further, increased Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression in villus cells during obesity likely mediated the increase in ASBT. Moreover, enhanced FXR expression increased the expression of bile-acid-associated proteins (IBABP and OSTα) that are responsible for handling bile acids absorbed via ASBT in villus cells during obesity. Thus, this study demonstrated that in an epidemic condition, obesity, the dyslipidemia that leads to many of the complications of the condition, may, at least in part, be due to deregulation of intestinal bile acid absorption.
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Małachowski, Jerzy, Marian Klasztorny, Łukasz Mazurkiewicz, Damian Kołodziejczyk, and Tadeusz Niezgoda. "NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SELECTED SUPPORTING ELEMENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY / SZACOWANIE NUMERYCZNE NOŚNOŚCI WYBRANEGO ELEMENTU KONSTRUKCYJNEGO OBIEKTU INFRASTRUKTURY KRYTYCZNEJ." Journal of KONBiN 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0079.
Abstract:
Abstract Issues related to critical infrastructure safety is highly demanding in aspect of newly projected systems. In this paper a problem of modeling and simulation of the supporting structure behavior of critical facility (without or with proposed protective cover) loaded with a shock wave is presented. Authors assume that two different phenomena will be responsible for minimization of shock wave effects: flow around cylindrical panel and energy absorption by panel structure. In this paper research focuses on the description and analysis of the process of explosion near the supporting elements and the blast interaction with the structure.
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Villa, Alvaro Antonio Ochoa, José Carlos Charamba Dutra, Jorge Recarte Henríquez Henríquez, Carlos Antonio Cabral do Santos, and José Ângelo Peixoto da Costa. "Dynamic experimental analysis of a LiBr/H2O single effect absorption chiller with nominal capacity of 35 kW of cooling." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 41, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 35173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v41i1.35173.
Abstract:
This work aims to transient performance of chiller single effect absorption refrigeration using the LiBr/H2O pair with nominal capacity of 35 kW. The goal of this study is to verify the absorption chiller when subjected to thermal loads and it transiently responsive as a function of the temperatures of the chilled, hot and cold water of the system. An experimental methodology was established in a micro-CHP laboratory to simulate the dynamic operating conditions of the system considering the thermal load (chilled water), the activation source (hot water) and the heat dissipation circuit (cold water). The thermal load was simulated from a set of electrical resistors installed in a water heater and the activation of the chiller from recovery gas a microturbine 30 kW and through a compact heat exchanger, where water is heated and stored in a hot buffer tank. The absorption chiller heat dissipation system consists of the pump and cooling tower. The system responded appropriately to the thermal load imposed providing COP values in the transient regime of 0.55 to 0.70 the temperature conditions tested.
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Prior, Ronald L., and Guohua Cao. "Analysis of Botanicals and Dietary Supplements for Antioxidant Capacity: A Review." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.4.950.
Abstract:
Abstract Free radicals and other reactive species are considered to be important causative factors in the development of diseases of aging such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This relationship has led to considerable interest in assessing the antioxidant capacity of foods and botanicals and other nutritional antioxidant supplements. The use of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay as a tool for antioxidant assessment is described and proposed as a method for comparing botanical sources and for standardizing nutritional supplements. The free radical or oxidant source is important and direct comparisons cannot be made between procedures that use different sources. The ORAC procedure uses 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical source, which is relevant to biological systems because the peroxyl radical is the most abundant free radical. Other oxidant sources (hydroxyl radical and Cu++) can also be used to characterize antioxidants in botanicals. Phenolics or polyphenolics are responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity in fruits, vegetables, and most botanical antioxidant supplements. Although little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these components, improvement in the in vivo antioxidant status has been observed in human subjects following consumption of antioxidant botanicals. The ORAC method provides a basis from which to establish appropriate dietary intakes that might impact health outcomes.
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V. Diwe, Ihuoma, Abraham K. Aworinde, Titus O. Ajewole, and Samson O. Adeosun. "Mechanical Competencies and Fluid Absorption Profiles of Electrospun Polylactide Nanocomposite Fibres for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications." Journal of Recent Trends in Mechanics 8, no. 2 (2023): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jortm.2023.v08i02.005.
Abstract:
The mechanical, morphological and fluid permeability tendencies of agro-waste-reinforced Polylactic acid (PLA) composite fibres were explored. Treated and untreated rice husk fillers were composited with PLA pellets in dichloromethane and virgin and rice husk-reinforced composite fibres of PLA were produced through solution electrospinning. The samples were subjected to mechanical, morphological and fluid imbibition tests. The porous beads-in-string structures of reinforced PLA as seen from the morphological analyses were considered responsible for the greater fluid absorption capacity of the composites. The morphology was also found to dictate the mechanical properties of the samples with bead-free virgin PLA fibres showing stronger mechanical tendencies, but low fluid imbibition capacity. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that, unlike the effect of filler structural strength, due to alkali treatment, which statistically affected impact energy (p = 9×10-4) and ductility (p = 2.12×10-4), the effect of filler weight per cent showed no statical significance. Statistically, the fluid imbibition capacity was found to be significantly affected by both the filler structural strength and the filler weight per cent. The competencies displayed by the fibres show that they can find applications in wound dressing and tissue engineering purposes.
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Nagasawa, Yuma, Yoshimi Seida, Takehiko Gotoh, and Eiji Furuya. "Influence of Hydrophobicity of Backbone Polymer in Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel with Immobilized Amine on Cycle Capacity for Absorption and Recovery of CO2." Polymers 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061024.
Abstract:
The chemisorption process with amines is the major separation and recovery method of CO2 because of its high processing capacity and simplicity. However, large energy consumption for the desorption of CO2 is also associated with the process. To develop a separation and recovery process that is capable of desorbing CO2 at low temperatures and with minimal energy consumption, polymer hydrogels with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) polymer network and amine groups immobilized in the polymer network of the hydrogels were exploited. Thermo-responsive amine gels with a series of hydrophobicity of polymer networks were systematically synthesized, and the influence of the hydrophobicity of the gels on the CO2 desorption temperature and cycle capacity (CO2 amount that can be separated and recovered by 1 cycle of temperature swing operation) was investigated using slurries with the series of gels. A significant decrease in the CO2 desorption temperature and increase in the cycle capacity occurred simultaneously by lowering the LCST of the gels via hydrophobisation of the polymer network. Based on an equilibrium adsorption model representing the CO2 separation and a recovery system with the gel slurries, an analysis of the system dynamics was performed in order to understand the recovery mechanism in the process.
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Tshisikhawe, Musundwa Locardia, Mamonokane Olga Diale, Adrian Mark Abrahams, and Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini. "Screening and Production of Industrially Relevant Enzymes by Bacillus paranthracis Strain MHDS3, a Potential Probiotic." Fermentation 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2023): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110938.
Abstract:
The digestive process and intestinal protein absorption are influenced by a variety of factors. Due to their numerous health advantages, including potential favorable effects on protein digestion and absorption, probiotics have gained increased attention in recent years. Probiotics can control the intestinal microflora, which in turn affects the intestinal bacteria responsible for proteolysis. Additionally, certain probiotics can release exoenzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins and others can stimulate the host’s digestive protease and peptidase activity. By boosting transport and enhancing the epithelium’s capacity for absorption, probiotics can also improve the absorption of tiny peptides and amino acids as well as lessen detrimental protein fermentation, which lowers the toxicity of metabolites. The present study explored the production of enzymes by Bacillus paranthracis strain MHDS3, a probiotic candidate isolated from Pellaea calomelanos. Bacillus paranthracis displayed enzyme activities of amylase (31,788.59 IU), cellulase (4487.486 IU), and pectinase (13.98986 IU) through submerged fermentation. The CAZyme analysis of B. paranthracis revealed 16 CAZyme gene clusters associated with cellulose, amylase, and pectinase activity. Thus, B. paranthracis is a promising probiotic strain that can produce enzymes with biotechnological applications.
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Charoenphandhu, Narattaphol, La-iad Nakkrasae, Kamonshanok Kraidith, Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit, Kanogwun Thongchote, Narongrit Thongon, and Nateetip Krishnamra. "Two-step stimulation of intestinal Ca2+ absorption during lactation by long-term prolactin exposure and suckling-induced prolactin surge." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, no. 3 (September 2009): E609—E619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2009.
Abstract:
During pregnancy and lactation, the enhanced intestinal Ca2+ absorption serves to provide Ca2+ for fetal development and lactogenesis; however, the responsible hormone and its mechanisms remain elusive. We elucidated herein that prolactin (PRL) markedly stimulated the transcellular and paracellular Ca2+ transport in the duodenum of pregnant and lactating rats as well as in Caco-2 monolayer in a two-step manner. Specifically, a long-term exposure to PRL in pregnancy and lactation induced an adaptation in duodenal cells at genomic levels by upregulating the expression of genes related to transcellular transport, e.g., TRPV5/6 and calbindin-D9k, and the paracellular transport, e.g., claudin-3, thereby raising Ca2+ absorption rate to a new “baseline” (Step 1). During suckling, PRL surge further increased Ca2+ absorption to a higher level (Step 2) in a nongenomic manner to match Ca2+ loss in milk. PRL-enhanced apical Ca2+ uptake was responsible for the increased transcellular transport, whereas PRL-enhanced paracellular transport required claudin-15, which regulated epithelial cation selectivity and paracellular Ca2+ movement. Such nongenomic PRL actions were mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and RhoA-associated coiled-coil-forming kinase pathways. In conclusion, two-step stimulation of intestinal Ca2+ absorption resulted from long-term PRL exposure, which upregulated Ca2+ transporter genes to elevate the transport baseline, and the suckling-induced transient PRL surge, which further increased Ca2+ transport to the maximal capacity. The present findings also suggested that Ca2+ supplementation at 15–30 min prior to breastfeeding may best benefit the lactating mother, since more Ca2+ could be absorbed as a result of the suckling-induced PRL surge.
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Naranjo-Gómez, Esther J., Miguel A. Puertas-Mejía, Juan C. Mejía-Giraldo, Anggy Z. Amaya-Nieto, and Lucia Atehortúa. "Micropropagation of Baccharis antioquensis (Asteraceae) and photoinduction of polyphenols by UV radiation." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i2.33406.
Abstract:
Polyphenols are a large diversity of chemical types and interactions that can be responsible for a multiplicity of protective functions ranging from toxicity and light/UV shielding to signal transduction. Bacharis antioquensis has been described as a potential source of new photoprotective compounds with antioxidant capacity associated to polyphenols compounds. The aim of the present work was to develop a micropropagation protocol of B. antioquensis and evaluate the production of polyphenols by in vitro plants exposure to UVB radiation. Branches in juvenile stage of B. antioquensis were collected, desinfected and cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented or not with growth regulators (TDZ, BA or GA3) on light/darkness conditions and liquid/solid media. After UV treatments, the absorption coefficient in the UVA-UVB range, the antioxidant capacity and the total phenol content (TPC) from all tissue cultures and the wild tissue were evaluated. Growth regulators, light conditions and type of culture medium (solid or liquid) had a favorable effect on the response of explants. Treatments containing BA + GA3 regulators (2 and 0.5 mg/L respectively) and TDZ (0.5 mg/L) showed positive results in bud growth in liquid medium and darkness. Results showed that UVR exhibited promoting effects on the accumulation of polyphenols, enhancing the absorption coefficient in the UVA-UVB range, the antiradical capacity and the TPC of B. antioquensis in vitro plants. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 754-764. Epub 2018 June 01.
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Prakasam, Geetha Rani. "Does financing universal elementary education reduce interstate disparity?" International Journal of Development Issues 14, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-07-2014-0054.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine resource allocation under the centrally sponsored scheme Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and its impact on development of elementary education in India. First, the author describes the current educational disparity across states in terms of state funding. Second, the author shows that interstate disparities in education resources have more to do with capacity of states to finance elementary education. For this, the author examines funding mechanism under SSA, focusing on principles of adequacy and absorptive rates. Third, the author analyzes the impact of additional funding on the progress of elementary education across states. Fourth, the author demonstrates how funding under SSA reinforces rather than reduces interstate disparity in school funding. Finally, the author concludes with certain policy implications for reforming federal transfers in Right to Education (RTE)-SSA, which can easily be extended to Rashtria Madhya Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) to be more responsive to educational inadequacy, effort and capacity across states. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses box plots for illustrating interstate disparity across various indicators on financing and growth of elementary education. Box plots are good at portraying extreme values and illustrate differences between distributions. Because the thrust of the paper is examining difference in distribution across and within states, box plots appropriately portray the distribution of both. Further, coefficient of variation is estimated in education funding and its impact variables. Findings – Interstate disparity in additional to the funding of SSA through discretionary transfers is examined by looking at two principles of inter-governmental transfers, viz., adequacy and absorptive rates. In a way, it appears that the educationally backward states getting the highest shares and also as per the requirement of the child population, but not necessarily so in terms of their relative proportions of enrolment, schools and teachers. Yet another revelation is that actual absorptive rates are much less than apparent absorptive rates. Unambiguously, additional resources coming from the Center for Development of Education can have a positive influence only after states have achieved a certain threshold level of absorptive capacities. As evidenced, fiscal disability is not compensated by transfers via SSA, as matching shares are uniform across states. Research limitations/implications – One significant limitations of the study is its use of administrative data. Often, administrative data from developing countries especially on social sector like education report inflated figures. The study uses primarily such but published secondary data sources. Practical implications – Finally, the author suggests certain policy implications for reforming federal role in the current RTE-SSA, which can easily be extended to RMSA, a CSS in secondary education, to be more responsive to state effort and capacity. Social implications – Though SSA attempts to address regional imbalance, the accumulated initial advantage of better-off states with uniform norms under SSA funding widens the interstate disparity rather than reduce it. It is, hence, mandated to look at building capacities and enable states for a level-playing field. Originality/value – It adds value to existing studies in two ways: rarely studies examine SSA expenditures and its impact on development and financing of elementary education, and examine a question on horizontal equalization mechanism whether additional allocation under SSA induce or reduce interstate disparity.
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Matsuda, Tomoyuki, and Yutaka Moritomo. "Two-Electron Reaction without Structural Phase Transition in Nanoporous Cathode Material." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/568147.
Abstract:
We investigated the charge/discharge properties, valence states, and structural properties of a nanoporous cathode materialLixMn[Fe(CN)6]0.83·3.5H2O. The film-type electrode ofLixMn[Fe(CN)6]0.83·3.5H2Oexhibited a high charge capacity(=128 mAh g-1)and a good cyclability (87% of the initial value after 100 cycles) and is one of the promising candidates for Li-ion battery cathode. X-ray absorption spectra near the Fe and Mn K-edges revealed that the charge/discharge process is a two-electron reaction; that is,MnII–NC–FeII,MnII–NC–FeIII, andMnIII–NC–FeIII. We further found that the crystal structure remains cubic throughout the charge/discharge process. The lattice constant slightly increased during the[FeII(CN)6]4-/[FeIII(CN)6]3-oxidization reaction while decreased during theMnII/MnIIIoxidization reaction. The two-electron reaction without structural phase transition is responsible for the high charge capacity and the good cyclability.
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Luke, R. G., B. B. Booker, and J. H. Galla. "Effect of potassium depletion on chloride transport in the loop of Henle in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 248, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): F682—F687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.248.5.f682.
Abstract:
Microperfusion of the superficial loop segment (latest proximal to earliest distal tubule) was performed in potassium-depleted and control rats. Potassium depletion was confirmed by analysis of muscle content (control 45 +/- 2, potassium depletion 33.5 +/- 0.9 meq/100 g dry solids). During perfusion at 20 nl/min net chloride absorption was decreased (66 +/- 3 vs. 77 +/- 2%, P less than 0.01) and early distal chloride concentration increased (70 +/- 5 vs. 50 +/- 4 meq/liter, P less than 0.01) in the potassium-depleted rats. In separate paired experiments in potassium-depleted rats, indomethacin infusion increased net chloride absorption (P less than 0.05) and lowered early distal chloride concentration (P less than 0.05) toward, but not to, normal. A similar effect of indomethacin to decrease early distal chloride concentration was seen in rats ingesting a normal diet and in control rats. We conclude that in potassium-depleted rats there is impaired net chloride absorption in the loop segment, most likely in the thick ascending limb, and that this effect is not produced by an altered response to prostaglandins. This defect in chloride transport may be responsible, at least in part, for the impaired concentrating capacity seen in potassium-depleted rats.
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Oladebeye, Abraham Olasupo, Aderonke Adenike Oladebeye, and Jacob Olalekan Arawande. "Physicochemical Properties of Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa) Starch." International Journal of Food Science 2023 (September 29, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8868218.
Abstract:
Native starch extracted from wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) was evaluated for its intrinsic physicochemical properties. From the results, essential metals such as K, Ca, P, and Fe were detected along with some nonessential heavy metals below the WHO permissible limits. Bulk density was 0.13–0.63 g/mL. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and solubility of the starch were pH-responsive. Thermal profiles showed onset temperature, T o (59.21 °C), peak temperature, T p (60.22 °C), endset temperature, T c (63.12 °C), gelatinization enthalpy, Δ H g e l (0.54 J/g), temperature range of gelatinization, R (3.91 °C), and peak height index, PHI (1.87 J/g °C). Exhibiting a crystallite size of 0.03 nm, absorption peaks of 15.3119°, 24.4120°, and 18.4170°, corresponding to interplanar d-spacings of 3.7500 Ǻ, 5.14000 Ǻ, and 4.954610 Ǻ, were obtained. Evidence of C–H at 1338.1 cm-1, C–O at 640.0 cm-1, C–H stretch at 2829.7 cm-1, and a strong and broad O–H group at 3291.2 cm-1 were obtained. The starch granules had low particle sizes, were homogeneous, and were aggregates of irregular shapes. At a lower pH (2-4), the wild yam starch studied could be a potential absorbent material in the production of disposable diapers and female napkins and as biodegradable films due to its high hydrophobicity at a high pH (8-12).
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Varcholová, Dagmara, Katarína Kušnírová, Lenka Oroszová, Jens Möllmer, Marcus Lange, Katarína Gáborová, Branislav Buľko, Peter Demeter, and Karel Saksl. "New-Generation Materials for Hydrogen Storage in Medium-Entropy Alloys." Materials 17, no. 12 (June 13, 2024): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17122897.
Abstract:
This study presents the design, preparation, and characterization of thirty new medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) in three systems: Al-Ti-Nb-Zr, Al-Ti-Nb-V, and Al-Ti-Nb-Hf. The hardness of the alloys ranged from 320 to 800 HV0.3. Among the alloys studied, Al15Ti40Nb30Zr15 exhibited the highest-reversible hydrogen storage capacity (1.03 wt.%), with an H/M value of 0.68, comparable to LaNi5, but with a reduced density (5.11 g·cm−3) and without rare earth elements. This study further reveals a strong correlation between hardness and hydrogen absorption/desorption; higher hardness is responsible for reduced hydrogen uptake. This finding highlights the interplay between a material’s properties and hydrogen storage behavior in MEAs, and has implications for the development of efficient hydrogen storage materials.
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Huybers, Sylvie, Ton H. J. Naber, René J. M. Bindels, and Joost G. J. Hoenderop. "Prednisolone-induced Ca2+ malabsorption is caused by diminished expression of the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV6." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 292, no. 1 (January 2007): G92—G97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00317.2006.
Abstract:
Glucocorticoids, such as prednisolone, are often used in clinic because of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, glucocorticoids reduce bone mineral density (BMD) as a side effect. Malabsorption of Ca2+ in the intestine is supposed to play an important role in the etiology of low BMD. To elucidate the mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced Ca2+ malabsorption, the present study investigated the effect of prednisolone on the expression and activity of proteins responsible for active intestinal Ca2+ absorption including the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV6, calbindin-D9K, and the plasma membrane ATPase PMCA1b. Therefore, C57BL/6 mice received 10 mg/kg body wt prednisolone daily by oral gavage for 7 days and were compared with control mice receiving vehicle only. An in vivo 45Ca2+ absorption assay indicated that intestinal Ca2+ absorption was diminished after prednisolone treatment. We showed decreased duodenal TRPV6 and calbindin-D9K mRNA and protein abundance in prednisolone-treated compared with control mice, whereas PMCA1b mRNA levels were not altered. Importantly, detailed expression studies demonstrated that in mice these Ca2+ transport proteins are predominantly localized in the first 2 cm of the duodenum. Furthermore, serum Ca2+ and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] concentrations remained unchanged by prednisolone treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that prednisolone reduces the intestinal Ca2+ absorption capacity through diminished duodenal expression of the active Ca2+ transporters TRPV6 and calbindin-D9K independent of systemic 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Matthews, James C., Mark J. Beveridge, Marc S. Malandro, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Martha Campbell-Thompson, Jill W. Verlander, Michael S. Kilberg, and Donald A. Novak. "Activity and protein localization of multiple glutamate transporters in gestation day 14 vs. day 20 rat placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 274, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): C603—C614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.3.c603.
Abstract:
Concentrative absorption of glutamate by the developing placenta is critical for proper fetal development. The expression of GLAST1, GLT1, EAAC1, and EAAT4, known to be capable ofd-aspartate-inhibitable and Na+-coupled glutamate transport (system [Formula: see text]), was evaluated in day 14 vs. day 20 rat chorioallantoic placenta. Steady-state mRNA levels were greater at day 20 for all transporters. Immunohistochemistry determined that the expression of GLAST1, GLT1, and EAAC1 was greater throughout the day 20 placenta and was asymmetric with respect to cellular localization. EAAT4 protein was not detected. System[Formula: see text] activity was responsible for most of the Na+-dependent glutamate uptake and was greater in day 20 than in day 14apical and basal membrane subdomains of the labyrinth syncytiotrophoblast. Greater quantities of EAAC1 and GLAST1 protein were identified on day 20, and quantities were greater in basal than in apical membranes. GLT1 expression, unchanged in apical membranes, was decreased in basal membranes. These data correlate transporter mRNA and protein content with transport activity and demonstrate an increasing capacity for glutamate absorption by the developing placenta.
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Darmawati, Adriani, Syaiful Anwar, and Irwan Hermanan. "Kualitas dan Efisiensi Serapan N pada Centrosema pubescens (centro) dan Pueraria phaseoloides (puero) Akibat Pemberian Pupuk Iodine." Jurnal Agripet 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2285.
Abstract:
(The quality and absorption efficiency of N at Centrosema pubescens (centro) and Pueraria phaseoloides (puero) cause add of iodine fertilizer) ABSTRACT. The aimed of the experiment was to know the effect of iodine fertilizer when applied to the soil on the quality and the efficiency of Nitrogen absorption of legume. Centrosema pubescens (Centro) and Pueraria phaseoloides (Puero), soil from Tenbalang, manure, an organic fertilizer ( N,P,K and KI ). H2SO4 solution, aquades, HCL, NaOH, indikator MR+MB, and blanko solution. The experiment also used 24 pot for plantation with 10 kg capacity , analytic balance etc. The experiment used 4 x 2 factorial completely randomized design. The first factor were Centro (Centrosema pubescens)- (L1) and Puero (Pueraria phaseoloides)- (L2) and the level of iodine fertilizer (I0) without iodine, I1 (iodine 5 kg/ha), I2 (iodine 10 kg/ha) and I3 (iodine 15 kg/ha) were the second factor. Application of iodine fertilizer has no significant result, to nitrogen absorption, nitrat reductase activity, crude protein contain, and fibre. In the other hand, the interaction between legume and iodine has significantly result on the efficient and absorption of nitrogen, crude protein. The conclusion showed that puero was more responsive than centro, however centro was more potential in efficiency and absorption of N and crude protein.
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van Olmen, Josefien, Bruno Marchal, Button Ricarte, Wim Van Damme, and Sara Van Belle. "The Need for a Dynamic Approach to Health SystemCentered Innovations Comment on "What Health System Challenges Should Responsible Innovation in Health Address? Insights From an International Scoping Review"." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no. 7 (May 26, 2019): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.25.
Abstract:
Lehoux and colleagues plea for a health systems perspective to evaluate innovations. Since many innovations and their scale-up strategies emerge from processes that are not (centrally) steered, we plea for any assessment with a dynamic, instead of a sequential, approach. We provide further guidance on how to adopt such dynamic approach, in order to better un-derstand and steer innovations for better health systems. A systems-level challenge is constituted by interactions and feedback loops between different actors and components of the health system. It is therefore essential to explore both the entry-point of innovation and the interactions with other components. If innovation is regarded as an injection of resources and opportunities into a health system, this system needs to have the capacity to transform these into desired outputs, the ‘absorption capacity.’ The highly organic diffusion of innovation in complex adapative systems cannot be easily controlled, but the system behaviours can be analysed, with occurance of phenomena such as path dependence, feedback loops, scale-free networks, emergent behaviour and phase transitions. This helps to anticipate unintended consequences, and to engage key actors in ongoing problem-solving and adaptation. By adopting a prospective approach, responsible innovation could set in motion prospective policy evaluations, which on the basis of iterative learning would allow decisionmakers to continuously adapt their policies and programmes. Priority-setting for innovation is an essentially political process that is geared towards consensus-building and grounded in values.
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Coltman, R. R., G. C. Gerloff, and W. H. Gabelman. "Differential Tolerance of Tomato Strains to Maintained and Deficient Levels of Phosphorus." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, no. 2 (March 1985): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.2.140.
Abstract:
Abstract Seven strains of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), with similar growth rates under adequate P availability, differed in dry matter accumulation by up to 73% when grown under P deficiency in a sand-alumina medium. The rate of P uptake per unit of root weight or length was a primary factor in strain capacity to acquire P under low-P stress. Variation in efficiency of internal P use also contributed to differential tolerance to P deficiency. The factors indicated to be responsible for tolerance to P-deficiency stress were present to different degrees in the different strains. Uptake rates per unit root were equally well correlated with total P absorption whether based on root length or root weight, suggesting that it may be most practical to screen for superior uptake capacities on the basis of root weight.
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Ali, Sahriani, Nursiah La Nafie, and Paulina Taba. "BIOSORPTION OF Cu (II) METAL IONS BY DRAGON FRUIT SKIN (Hylocereus polyrhizus)." Jurnal Akta Kimia Indonesia (Indonesia Chimica Acta) 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ica.v11i1.6401.
Abstract:
Biosorption is an effective method for removal of heavy metals from their solutions. Biosorption of Cu (II) by contact time, pH, and concentration has been investigated. Concentration of Cu (II) ion before and after adsorption was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The effect of the pH process was studied at pH of 2-7. The result showed that the optimum time for biosorption of Cu (II) ion by biomass dragon fruit was 10 minutes and pH 4 was the optimum pH of biosorption. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for the adsorption of isotherm. Result showed that biosorption of Cu (II) by dragon fruit peel fit better the Langmuir model than Freundich model with the adsorption capacity (Qo) of 20.401 mg/g biosorbent. The result of FT-IR analysis showed that hydroxyl groups were responsible for the binding of Cu (II) ions.