Academic literature on the topic 'Responsible absorptive capacity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Responsible absorptive capacity":
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Scholten, V. E., and P. A. van der Duin. "Responsible innovation among academic spin-offs: how responsible practices help developing absorptive capacity." Journal on Chain and Network Science 15, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.x005.
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Responsible innovation (RI) among technology-based start-ups has received little attention, while these firms are known to operate on the edges of what is socially desirable or ethically acceptable. In this paper we develop a conceptual model that captures the RI practices among 61 academic spin-offs and investigate how it affects the capacity of the firm to absorb external knowledge to better the exploitation of the innovation. The findings indicate that potential absorptive capacity is increased by both stakeholder engagement and social responsiveness, while realized absorptive capacity is moderately increased through social responsiveness. Remarkable is the finding that the extent that sustainability practices resonate in the start-ups operations does have a negative effect on the potential absorptive capacity. These results provide insight in the way in which start-ups adopt a RI philosophy to their innovation process and help to better understand how they learn and acquire external knowledge to increase the acceptance of their innovations. The findings provide clear recommendations for entrepreneurs and policymakers in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation.
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Singh, G., K. I. Chaudry, and I. H. Chaudry. "ATP-MgCl2 restores gut absorptive capacity early after trauma-hemorrhagic shock." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): R977—R983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.r977.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether ATP-MgCl2 as an adjunct to resuscitation has any beneficial effect on the depressed gut absorptive capacity (GAC) after hemorrhage and, if so, whether alterations in whole blood viscosity (WBV) are, in part, responsible for those effects. Rats were anesthetized, a laparotomy was performed (i.e., trauma induced), and blood vessels were cannulated. The animals then underwent fixed pressure (40 mmHg) hemorrhage, followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer solution. One group received 50 mumol/kg ATP-MgCl2 and another received saline during resuscitation. At 2 and 4 h after the end of hemorrhage, a 1-h D-xylose absorption test was performed. Viscosity determinations were made at corresponding time points in another set of rats subjected to sham hemorrhage, acute hemodilution, or hemorrhage and resuscitation. Results show that xylose absorption is depressed after hemorrhage and resuscitation and that ATP-MgCl2 restored it to normal. D-Xylose absorption was inhibited by glucose, indicating a facilitated transport process. Furthermore, WBV was reduced by the administration of ATP-MgCl2. Thus ATP-MgCl2 improves GAC early after hemorrhage and resuscitation, possibly by reducing WBV, and may be a useful adjunct to resuscitation, allowing for early enteral nutrition.
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Dzhengiz, Tulin, and Eva Niesten. "Competences for Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review on the Impact of Absorptive Capacity and Capabilities." Journal of Business Ethics 162, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 881–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04360-z.
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AbstractResponsible management competences are the skills of managers to deal with the triple bottom line, stakeholder value and moral dilemmas. In this paper, we analyse how managers develop responsible management competences and how the competences interact with capabilities at the organisational level. The paper contributes to the responsible management literature by integrating research on absorptive capacity and organisational learning. By creating intersections between these disparate research streams, this study enables a better understanding of the development of responsible management competences. The paper is a systematic literature review on environmental competences, which are a type of responsible management competences referring to the managerial skills aimed at improving environmental sustainability. The findings demonstrate that managers who are able to recognize and acquire external knowledge develop environmental competences, and organisations capable of assimilating, transforming and exploiting knowledge develop environmental capabilities. The paper establishes that a dynamic and recursive relation exists between environmental competences and capabilities. Antecedents and contextual conditions specific to a sustainability context, such as eco-centric values and stakeholder pressures, influence the development of environmental competences. The study shows that environmental competences have a positive direct effect on environmental performance, and an indirect effect as a mediator between environmental capabilities and performance.
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Moura, Dulcineia Catarina, Maria José Madeira, Filipe A. P. Duarte, João Carvalho, and Orlando Kahilana. "Absorptive capacity and cooperation evidence in innovation from public policies for innovation." International Journal of Innovation Science 11, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-05-2017-0051.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to better understand whether firm cooperation and absorptive capacity foster success in seeking public financial support for innovation activities and, by doing so, how they contribute to innovation output.Design/methodology/approachThe authors therefore extend the existing literature focusing on the effects of cooperation and absorptive capacity on specific public financial support for innovation activities in Portuguese firms from local or regional government, central administration and the European Union by using available data from the Community Innovation Survey CIS 2010 and the application of logistic regression models. The empirical analysis enabled a better understanding of the positive relationship of the variables that determine the form of public financial support in the integration of incentives within firms to stimulate innovation.FindingsTherefore, as the level of absorptive capacity in Portuguese firms increases, so does the demand for benefits from public financial support to stimulate innovation from the European Union also increases. The same analysis, now considering the determinant cooperation, notes the positive effects of institutional sources of information and cooperation, in the propensity for seeking public financial incentives from the Central Administration and the European Union. As for internal information and cooperation sources, they are positively related to the integration of incentive measures from the local or Regional Administration and Central Administration.Originality/valueThe paper presents results that allow us to propose some suggestions that both the firms and those responsible for the implementation of public policies can undertake to increment innovation performance.
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KAUNISTO, KARI M., and HANNU J. RAJANIEMI. "Expression and Localization of the Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform NHE3 in the Rat Efferent Ducts." Journal of Andrology 23, no. 2 (March 4, 2002): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02620.x.
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ABSTRACT: The efferent ducts reabsorb most of the fluid released with spermatozoa from the testis. This absorptive capacity results in a severalfold increase in sperm concentration in the proximal epididymis and is partly responsible for maintenance of the optimal microenvironment for the sperm maturation. The fluid absorption is coupled to active Na+ transport and is inhibitable by amiloride, both of which suggest a role for a Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE). NHE3 is an apical membrane NHE responsible for sodium absorption in renal proximal tubule and intestinal epithelium. In the present study, we examined the expression of NHE3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in the rat efferent ducts by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting and the localization of NHE3 by indirect immunofluoresce. RT‐PCR indicated the expression of NHE3 mRNA, and Western blotting showed an NHE3 protein in the efferent duct membrane homogenate. By immunofluorescence, NHE3 was localized to the apical membrane of the nonciliated cells in the efferent duct epithelium, which also expressed aquaporin‐1 water channel protein. These results suggest that NHE3 potentially plays an important role in the fluid reabsorption in the efferent ducts.
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Ma, Yuanzhang, Guoyu Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Wei Dai, and Yaning Luan. "Mercury Uptake and Transport by Plants in Aquatic Environments: A Meta-Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 8829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198829.
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The use of phytoremediation technology to remove heavy metal ions from aquatic environments or reduce their toxicity offers the possibility of restoring the ecological environment of polluted water bodies. Based on available literature on heavy metal absorption by aquatic plants, we conducted a meta-analysis to study the absorptive capacities of different plants as well as the factors that influence their Hg-absorption performance. Seventeen plant families, including Araceae, Haloragaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, and Poaceae, have a strong Hg-absorption capacity. The root systems of aquatic plants belonging to these families are primarily responsible for this remediation function, and only a limited proportion of Hg+ that enters a plant via the root system is transferred to other plant organs. Additionally, the diversity of plant life habits (e.g., floating, submerged, and emergent) and the water pH significantly influence the ability of plants to absorb Hg. It is expected that this study will provide a reference for the cultivation of aquatic plants for restoring the ecological environment of Hg-polluted water bodies.
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Lin, Yu-Hsien, Nisha Kulangara, Krista Foster, and Jennifer Shang. "Improving Green Market Orientation, Green Supply Chain Relationship Quality, and Green Absorptive Capacity to Enhance Green Competitive Advantage in the Green Supply Chain." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187251.
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This study examines the influences of market orientation, supply chain relationship quality, and absorptive capacity on competitive advantage in green supply chains. We examine the intensity of these relationships in a green supply chain context. This study aims to figure out the effects of green market orientation (GMO), green supply chain relationship quality (GRQ), and green absorptive capacity (GAC) on green competitive advantage (GCA) in a supply chain. We find a significant positive association between these constructs. It highlights the importance of antecedents such as GMO, GRQ, and GAC on improving GCA. We jointly investigate the effects of GMO, GRQ, and GAC on green supply chain competitive advantage. This study uses Process Macro 2.15 to test the mediation effect between GMO and GCA. The result shows that GRQ and GAC completely mediate the relationship between GMO and GCA and that the effect sizes are 0.11 and 0.20, respectively. This study also reruns the model to clarify whether competing models are better than our model. However, the performance of such a competing model is poor. Finally, we accept our model instead of the competing model. GMO and GRQ among team managers and employees appear to contribute positively to GCA. Although GAC does not directly influence GCA, GMO has a significant total effect on GCA when intervened by GRQ and GAC. The key contribution is that green market orientation, i.e., the employee culture and the emphasis on being environmentally responsible, is a key antecedent to GRQ, GAC, and GCA. Managerial implications of the findings are listed.
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De Marco, Giuseppe, Tiziana Cappello, and Maria Maisano. "Histomorphological Changes in Fish Gut in Response to Prebiotics and Probiotics Treatment to Improve Their Health Status: A Review." Animals 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2023): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13182860.
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The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) promotes the digestion and absorption of feeds, in addition to the excretion of waste products of digestion. In fish, the GIT is divided into four regions, the headgut, foregut, midgut, and hindgut, to which glands and lymphoid tissues are associated to release digestive enzymes and molecules involved in the immune response and control of host-pathogens. The GIT is inhabited by different species of resident microorganisms, the microbiota, which have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship and are responsible for metabolic benefits and counteracting pathogen infection. There is a strict connection between a fish’s gut microbiota and its health status. This review focuses on the modulation of fish microbiota by feed additives based on prebiotics and probiotics as a feasible strategy to improve fish health status and gut efficiency, mitigate emerging diseases, and maximize rearing and growth performance. Furthermore, the use of histological assays as a valid tool for fish welfare assessment is also discussed, and insights on nutrient absorptive capacity and responsiveness to pathogens in fish by gut morphological endpoints are provided. Overall, the literature reviewed emphasizes the complex interactions between microorganisms and host fish, shedding light on the beneficial use of prebiotics and probiotics in the aquaculture sector, with the potential to provide directions for future research.
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Saulnier, Dell D., Hom Hean, Dawin Thol, Por Ir, Claudia Hanson, Johan Von Schreeb, and Helle Mölsted Alvesson. "Staying afloat: community perspectives on health system resilience in the management of pregnancy and childbirth care during floods in Cambodia." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 4 (April 2020): e002272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002272.
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IntroductionResilient health systems have the capacity to continue providing health services to meet the community’s diverse health needs following floods. This capacity is related to how the community manages its own health needs and the community and health system’s joined capacities for resilience. Yet little is known about how community participation influences health systems resilience. The purpose of this study was to understand how community management of pregnancy and childbirth care during floods is contributing to the system’s capacity to absorb, adapt or transform as viewed through a framework on health systems resilience.MethodsEight focus group discussions and 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with community members and leaders who experienced pregnancy or childbirth during recent flooding in rural Cambodia. The data were analysed by thematic analysis and discussed in relation to the resilience framework.ResultsThe theme ‘Responsible for the status quo’ reflected the community’s responsibility to find ways to manage pregnancy and childbirth care, when neither the expectations of the health system nor the available benefits changed during floods. The theme was informed by notions on: i) developmental changes, the unpredictable nature of floods and limited support for managing care, ii) how information promoted by the public health system led to a limited decision-making space for pregnancy and childbirth care, iii) a desire for security during floods that outweighed mistrust in the public health system and iv) the limits to the coping strategies that the community prepared in case of flooding.ConclusionsThe community mainly employed absorptive strategies to manage their care during floods, relieving the burden on the health system, yet restricted support and decision-making may risk their capacity. Further involvement in decision-making for care could help improve the health system’s resilience by creating room for the community to adapt and transform when experiencing floods.
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Bert, Vermeire, Viaene Jacques, and Gellynck Xavier. "Effect of uncertainty on farmers decision making: Case of animal manure use." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 5-6 (December 30, 2009): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/5-6/1.
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Due to the high levels of manure application and the poor use efficiency of manure, the European agriculture is held responsible for a considerable negative impact on surface water quality (Langeveld et al., 2007). This problem has emerged particularly in Western-European countries such as the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Denmark, facing a large expansion and intensification process in the livestock production since the 1960s (Van der Straeten et al., 2008). Policy measures related to the application of manure on the land encompass two major measures: emission rights, understood as the amount of nutrients which can be applied on the land, differentiated by crop and the N spreading calendars, whereby the manure can only be applied when the crop needs nutrients. The fundamental aim of this pillar is to maximising application rate while avoiding overfertilisation. Maximizing the application rate is related to the economic sustainability of the agricultural sector, by altering the manure surplus, while avoiding overfertilisation is imperative in enhancing ecological sustainability, by preventing nitrate leaching to surface and soil waters. For nitrate policy to meet its target, the farmers should not exceed their emission rights, however make optimal use of their emission right for manure. Consequently, the successful implementation of sink-related measures will strongly depend of the absorptive capacity of farmers towards new ways of nutrient management in general and of animal manures in particular.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Responsible absorptive capacity":
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Eteokleous, Pantelitsa. "Absorptive capacity, advantage creation and performance outcomes : implications for a socially responsible supply chain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.699232.
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Although Corporate Social Responsibility has been one of the most important concepts to emerge within the managerial enquiry, only recently has it gained ground within the supply chain management field. Despite notable contributions from the current literature, there is lack of understanding of how an advantageous position and beneficial outcomes from socially responsible initiatives are accrued to the supply chain and the firm. To address this gap, an integrative conceptual model is built and tested in this study, focusing on a SC competence, that of Socially Responsible Supply Chain (SRSC)- based absorptive capacity, driving SRSC-based advantage and consequently, firm performance growth. The conceptual model is grounded on the Resource-Based View and its derivations, the Natural Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Perspective, complemented by contingency theory. A cross-sectional survey design was employed and primary data were collected from 209 manufacturing companies in the US. The sample was selected from a list of managers, members of the Institute for Supply Management. The unit of analysis is the SC (i.e., supplier-manufacturer-distributor). Following measure validation procedures using confirmatory factor analysis and assessment of common method bias, the direct and moderating effects specified in the research hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Findings confmn that SRSC- based absorptive capacity leads to the creation of a SRSC-based advantage, positively moderated by competitive intensity and social public concern, and negatively moderated by regulatory forces. SRSC-based advantage as the mediating variable, leads to firm performance growth, a relationship negatively moderated by the manufacturer's socially responsible sourcing strategy, in contrast to the initial hypothesis. Results indicate a significant effect of supply chain scope and years of implementing SRSC practices (control variables), on SRSC-based advantage and firm performance growth, respectively. The study findings have important implications for theory development, management practice, academic scholarship and public-policy.
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Mobhe, Bokoko Dave. "L'Université Responsable : fondements et mise en œuvre par l'approche du changement organisationnel responsable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024DUNK0678.
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Cette thèse a pour objet d'éclairer la compréhension relative à l'université responsable. La responsabilité est un principe incontournable pour faire face à l'urgence climatique qui ne cesse de dépasser les estimations les plus pessimistes concernant les conséquences sur l'homme. Toutefois, alors que l'application de ce principe demande à tous les acteurs de la société de contribuer au développement durable, il manque encore des travaux académiques décrivant comment la responsabilité s'inscrit dans le fonctionnement et les résultats des universités. Le corpus disponible s'appuie principalement sur des discours normatifs, mettant en exergue des considérations éthiques sans pour autant discuter des enjeux organisationnels et managériaux qui en découlent. Pour apporter une compréhension complète de l'université responsable, nous proposons de définir les fondements de l'université responsable, afin de décrire comment s'opère le changement organisationnel qui place la responsabilité au coeur de son fonctionnement. Pour cela, nous construisons un modèle d'analyse permettant de saisir le processus et les résultats par lesquels on observe le développement de l'université responsable. Nous faisons de la capacité d'absorption responsable le processus par lequel une université intègre les préoccupations sociales et environnementales au coeur de son fonctionnement, et ce, afin de contribuer davantage au développement durable. Ce processus peut se renforcer avec la mise en place d'instruments d'engagement institutionnel tels que les chartes et les labels RSU. Les résultats de ce processus de transformation s'observent par le développement des formes d'innovations à caractère responsable, permettant ainsi à l'université de répondre plus efficacement aux enjeux du développement durable. Notre analyse est appliquée au cas des membres de l'AUF, un réseau international d'EESR francophones et engagés pour le développement durable. Nous cherchons à comprendre les fondements de l'université responsable à travers les pratiques de ce réseau. Cela nous permet par la suite de vérifier l'utilité de notre modèle d'analyse de l'université responsable à travers les cas d'universités labellisées "Innovation responsable" par l'AUF. Sur le plan théorique, la thèse contribue donc à donner une définition plus complète de l'université responsable, tout en prenant en compte son histoire ainsi que les particularités de ses missions. Elle permet de relier la littérature sur la responsabilité sociale de l'université selon l'approche du changement organisationnel responsable, en discutant du processus et des résultats des transformations profondes qui s'opèrent. Sur le plan empirique, elle livre une grille d'évaluation des projets d'innovation responsable à l'intention de chercheurs et des structures d'accompagnement à la RSU. Cela permet de constituer une boîte à outils à la fois conceptuelle et pratique qui servira tant dans les analyses académiques théoriques et empiriques que comme guide d'action pour les acteurs institutionnels qui voudront s'en servirThis thesis aims to shed light on the understanding of the responsible university. Responsability is an inescapable principle for dealing with the climate emergency, which is constantly outstripping the most pessimistic estimates of the consequences for mankind. However, while the application of this principle requires all actors in society to contribute to sustainable development, there is still a lack of academic work describing how responsability is embedded in the way universities operate and perform. The corpus available is mainly based on normative discourse, highlighting ethical considerations without discussing the organizational and managerial issues involved. To provide a complete understanding of the responsible university, we propose to define the foundations of the responsible university, to describe how the organizational change that places responsability at the heart of its operation takes place. To this end, we are building an analytical model to capture the process and results by which we observe the development of the responsible university. We define responsible absorption capacity as the process by which a university integrates social and environmental concerns at the heart of its operations, to further contribute to sustainable development. This process can be reinforced by the implementation of institutional commitment instruments such as RSU charters and labels. The results of this transformation process are observed in the development of responsible innovation, enabling the university to respond more effectively to the sustainable development issues. Our analysis is applied to members of the AUF, an international network of French-speaking universities committed to sustainable development. We seek to understand the foundations of the responsible university through the practices of this network. This will enable us to verify the usefulness of our model for analyzing the responsible university through the case studied of universities awarded the "Responsible Innovation" label by the AUF. On a theoretical level, the thesis contribute to a more complete definition of the responsible unversity, considering its history and the particularities of its missions. It links the literature on university social responsability with the responsible organizational change approach, discussing the process and results of the profound transformations taking place. Empirically, it provides an evaluation grid for responsible innovation projects for researchers and RSU support structures. The result is a conceptual and practical toolbox that can be used both for theoretical and empirical academic analysis, and as an action guide for institutional players whishing to make use of it
Book chapters on the topic "Responsible absorptive capacity":
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Chen, Sheng-Yi, and Gow-Chin Yen. "Digestive Health and Gastrointestinal Protection." In Dietary Supplements with Antioxidant Activity, 329–47. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839166112-00329.
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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is responsible for multiple functions, including digestion and absorption of food which directly affect systemic health through reactive oxygen species scavenging, immune function modulation, and gut microbiota communication. Now, approximately 40.3% of individuals suffer from GI disorders globally which causes a huge burden on individuals, families, and the society. Fortunately, substantial evidence has shown that polyphenol-rich diets and cooking oils play a crucial role in the prevention of GI disorders, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Camellia oil (Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia brevistyla) is a great cooking oil with nearly 90% unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and polyphenols. The GI protection capacity of camellia oil is well documented in Asia. Besides, several polyphenols are naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, which have abundant antioxidants for GI protection through gut microbiota modulation. The emerging evidence unmasks the contribution of GI protection through various signalling transduction, antioxidative, and gut microbiota modulation abilities. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of GI protection by polyphenol and camellia oil treatment are not integrated. In this chapter, the underlying mechanisms for GI protective effects by camellia oil and other phytochemicals through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, mucosal healing, and gut microbiota modulation are summarized.
Conference papers on the topic "Responsible absorptive capacity":
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Hossain, Mohammad K., Md Mahmudur R. Chowdhury, Kazi A. Imran, Mahmud B. Salam, Mahesh Hosur, and Shaik Jeelani. "Durability Study of Low Velocity Impact Responses of Conventional and Nanophased CFRP Composites Exposed to Seawater." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65671.
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The effect of nanoclay on the degradation of low velocity impact responses of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites manufactured by the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process is experimentally investigated with and without exposure to seawater for marine applications. Nanoclay was dispersed into the matrix by using magnetic stirring. Samples (100 mm by 100 mm) exposed to seawater for 0, 6, and 12 months in laboratory conditions were impacted at 20, 30, and 40 J energy levels using a Dynatup8210. The damage sustained by the samples was evaluated by a thermographic imaging technique. Comparisons between conventional and nanophased CFRP composites both in conditioned and unconditioned cases were made in terms of peak force, absorbed energy, deflection, delamination area, and specific delamination energy. Water absorption was observed to be reduced due to nanoclay infusion. After 12 months of exposure to seawater 2% nanophased samples absorbed 0.39% moisture whereas control samples absorbed 0.67% moisture. Impact strength, toughness, and energy absorption decreased with increasing conditioning time by weakening the bond between the fiber and matrix and softening the matrix materials. However, reduction in properties is significantly extenuated by the incorporation of nanoclay in the matrix. Specific delamination energy (SDE) is observed to be higher in the nanophased CFRP compared to that of the conventional one at different aging periods indicating an enhanced toughness in the nanophased composites. The larger and stronger interfacial area produced by the nanoclay inclusion has been found to facilitate more energy absorption in the nanophased sample compared to the conventional one. Furthermore, nanoclay reduced the development of delamination by arresting the crack propagation path or by toughening the matrix. It is concluded that the excellent barrier capacity, higher surface area, and high aspect ratio of nanoclay are responsible for the superior performance of CFRP composites, which in turn, enhances the durability of composites.
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Fyffe, John R., Stuart M. Cohen, Michael E. Webber, and Gary T. Rochelle. "Analysis of Flexible CO2 Capture Over an Investment Life Using a Dynamic Electric Grid Model." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90156.
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Global focus on greenhouse gas emissions has led the United State’s legislature to discuss various strategies to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. With coal-fired plants responsible for roughly half of United States (U.S.) electricity generation and approximately 30% of the nation’s CO2 emissions, coal-fired plants will be largely affected by any future CO2 emission regulations. However, coal-based generation could continue to meet our electricity demands while complying with future CO2 emissions restrictions with the addition of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) technology. Most studies of CCS systems have demonstrated a permanent energy requirement of 11–40% of a plant’s output when operating continuously at a 90% CO2 removal rate. This study, however, used a dynamic model of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) electric grid to consider post-combustion CO2 capture systems that can operate flexibly. Post-combustion CO2 capture systems using chemical absorption and stripping are particularly suited for retrofitting existing plants and operating in a flexible manner. Flexible carbon capture allows plant operators to vary the energy used for CO2 capture and compression in order to regain this generation capacity when desirable. Thus, flexibility can be used to choose the CO2 capture rate that allows the most economical combination of operating costs, electricity price, and output levels. Furthermore, operating at lower CO2 capture energy requirement levels and increasing output capacity during peak demand periods could dramatically reduce the amount of replacement capacity needed to replace potential output lost when CO2 capture systems are in operation. This research uses an existing modeling framework of a dynamic hourly dispatch system to study the economic, environmental, and performance implications of flexible CO2 capture over an investment lifetime. The effects of CO2 prices, natural gas fuel prices, and replacement capacity costs were analyzed along with various operating strategies. The fuel mixture behavior and emissions effects are presented, showing that large emissions reductions can be achieved using the current ERCOT plant fleet with the addition of flexible CO2 capture. An annual system-level cash-flow analysis is used to determine a net present value (NPV) for a group of CO2 capture plants under a range of possible replacement capacity costs. If replacement capacity costs are accounted for, flexibility can improve the NPV of a CO2 capture investment by substantially lowering the associated capital costs to replace output lost to CO2 capture energy requirements.
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Suman, Saurabh, and Yogendra Singh Kushwah. "Comparative Study of Effect of Different Refrigerants (R134a, R1234yf & R407C) on Evaporator Performance." In SAENIS TTTMS Thermal Management Systems Conference-2023. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0014.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Air-conditioning and Refrigeration systems are widely used in many industries for cooling and preservation, and the evaporator is a crucial component responsible for heat absorption. The choice of refrigerant has a significant impact on the evaporator's performance, affecting the overall efficiency of the system.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper investigates the effect of three common refrigerants, R134a, R407c, and R1234yf, on evaporator performance. A comparative analysis was performed using the conventional air-conditioning system consisting of a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The evaporator performance was evaluated based on the cooling capacity, Refrigerant Side Pressure Drop (RSPD) and Superheat (SH). The results show that evaporator has highest cooling capacity with R134a, followed by R407C and R1234yf. In comparison to R134a, R1234yf had the lowest refrigerating effect followed by R407C. However, R1234yf has the lowest Global Warming Potential (GWP) value out of all the three refrigerants.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">These results suggest that depending on the thermal conditions of the AC system, evaporator performance varies accordingly. However, R1234yf is more expensive and has a slightly lower cooling capacity than R407c & R134a at low evaporation temperatures, which should be considered before selecting a refrigerant for a specific application. In conclusion, the choice of refrigerant has a significant impact on the evaporator's performance in refrigeration systems. The findings of this study provide insight into the performance of three commonly used refrigerants and suggest that depending on the requirements and standard guidelines either of the three refrigerants i.e. R134a, R407C and R1234yf with higher thermal performance at a specified condition can be used. However, other factors such as cost and application requirements should also be considered when selecting a refrigerant.</div></div>
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Ali, Muhammad, Khairul Alam, and Eboreime Ohioma. "Energy Absorption of Axial Members With the Inclusion of Functionally Graded Cellular Structure." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51892.
Abstract:
Axial members are commonly used in automotive structures and are responsible for absorbing significant portion of impact energy in the event of an accident. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of functionally graded cellular structures in thin walled members under compressive axial loading. A compact functionally graded cellular structure was introduced inside a 352 mm long square tube with side length and wall thickness of 74 mm and 3.048 mm, respectively. The tube wall material was aluminum. The cellular structure’s geometry was observed in the cross-section of a banana peel that has a specific graded cellular packing in a confined space. This packing enables the peel to protect the internal soft core from external impacts. The same cellular pattern was used to construct the structure in present study. The study was conducted using non-linear finite element analysis in ABAQUS. The hybrid structure (tube and graded cellular structure) was fixed on one side and on the other (free end) side, was struck by a rigid mass of 300 Kg travelling at a velocity of 35 mph (15.64 m/s) along the axis of the square tube and perpendicular to the in-plane direction of the graded cellular structure. The tube and cell walls were discretized using reduced integration, hourglass control, 4 nodes, and hexahedral shell elements. The impact plate was modeled with 4 node rigid shell elements. General contact conditions were applied to define surface interaction among graded structure, square tube, and rigid plate. The parameters governing the energy absorbing characteristics such as deformation or collapsing modes, crushing/ reactive force, and energy curves, were evaluated. The results showed that the inclusion of graded cellular structure increased the energy absorption capacity of the square tube by 41.06%. The graded structure underwent progressive stepwise, layer by layer, crushing mode and provided lateral stability to the square tube thus delaying local tube wall collapse and promoting outward convex localized folds on the tube’s periphery as compared to highly localized and compact deformation modes that are typically observed in an empty square tube under axial compressive loading. The variation in deformation mode, large contact areas, presence of graded cellular structure resulted in enhanced stiffness of the hybrid structure, and therefore, high energy absorption by the structure. The results of this preliminary study show a potential of functionally graded cellular materials to significantly improve the energy absorbing capacities of thin walled members under axial loading by altering member’s crushing deformation modes.
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Marcus, A. J., L. B. Safier, H. L. Ullman, N. Islam, M. J. Broekman, and C. V. Schacky. "NEW EICOSANOIDS FORMED DURING PLATELET-NEUTROPHIL INTERACTIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644626.
Abstract:
In physiologic and pathologic processes such as hemostasis, thrombosis and inflammation, multiple cell types are brought into close proximity - thereby increasing the possibility of metabolic interactions in the microenvironment. Activated platelets synthesize12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in the presence or absence of aspirin. During a cell-cell interaction, platelet 12-HETE is metabolized by a cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in unstimulated neutrophils to 12.20-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12,20-DiHETE). Recently, we observed time-dependent formation of a new eicosanoid following exposure of neutrophils to 12-HETE. This compound is more polar than the parent eicosanoid 12,20-DiHETE (reversed-phase HPLC). Incubation of purified 12,20-DiHETE with neutrophils resulted in a progressive decrease in the 12,20-DiHETE with increasing formation of the polar metabolite. In the absence of neutrophils, 12.20-DiHETE was quantitatively unchanged. The new metabolite of 12.20-DiHETE has been tentatively identified as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraen-l,20-dioic acid. The UV absorption maximum of the new compound is 237 nm which is identical to that of 12-HETE and 12,20-DiHETE. 20-hydroxy-LTB4 is the omega-hydroxylated derivative of the pro-inflammatory eicosanoid LTB4. When added to neutrophils 15 sec prior to 12,20-DiHETE, equimolar concentrations of 20-hydroxy-LTB4 (2.8uM) inhibited formation of the new metabolite by 28%. A concentration of 8uM 20-hydroxy-LTB4 inhibited the reaction by 49%. These results indicate that the neutrophil enzyme system responsible for conversion of 20-hydroxy-LTB4 to 20-carboxy-LTB4 may also be involved in further metabolism of-12,20-DiHETE. Neutrophil homogenization resulted in loss of the capacity to transform 12.20-DiHETE to the new metabolite despite pretreatment with DFP and addition of NADPH. Our data provide further evidence for the occurrence of transcellular metabolic events during thrombosis and the inflammatory response.
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Zhong, Hanyi, Xin Gao, Zhengsong Qiu, Weian Huang, Wenlei Liu, Jiaxin Ma, and Shusen Li. "Minimization of Ultra-High Temperature Filtration Loss for Water-Based Drilling Fluid with ß-Cyclodextrin Polymer Microspheres." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204763-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Due to the rapid degradation of conventional biopolymer or synthetic polymeric additives at high temperature (HT) or ultra-high temperatures (ultra-HT), effective control of water-based drilling fluid filtration in HT or Ultra-HT environment is still a great challenge in drilling operation. β-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres (β-CPMs), generally using for drug release and waste water treatment, are evaluated as environmentally friendly ultra-HT filtration reducer. The impact of the microspheres on water-based drilling fluids’ properties including rheology and filtration prior to and after hot rolling at different temperatures ranging from 120 to 240°C was investigated. The high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) filtration properties of the microspheres compared to several commercial high temperature filtration reducers were conducted according to the API recommended procedures. The filtration controlling mechanism was analyzed from zeta potential measurement, particle size distribution measurement, and scanning electron microscope observation of filter cake. The results indicated that the β-CPMs exhibited peculiar filtration behavior differently from conventional additives. When the hot rolling temperature was below 160℃, β-CPMs performed a 30% filtration reduction at 1 w/v% content in comparison with control sample. Once the hot rolling temperature was above 160℃, the capacity of filtration control was further improved with increasing temperatures. This is contrast with conventional filtration reducers that the filtration control capacity deteriorate with increasing temperatures. The microspheres still exhibited superior filtration control after exposure to 240℃. Furthermore, β-CPMs showed little effect on the drilling fluid's rheology. When the temperature was below 160℃, the filtration reduction was obtained by water absorption and swelling of β-CPMs. When the temperature was above 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurred for β-CPMs. Numerous micro- and nano-sized carbon spheres formed, which bridge across micro and nanopores within filter cake and reduce the filter cake permeability effectively. When the temperature was higher than 160℃, hydrothermal reaction occurs. Carbon spheres generated by the hydrothermal degradation of the β-CPMs, which are responsible for the effective filtration control. The hydrothermal reaction changes the adverse effect of high temperature into favorable improvement of filtration control, which provides a novel avenue for HT and ultra-HT filtration control. The β-CPMs show potential application in deep well drilling as environmental friendly and high temperature filtration reducers.
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Martin, Amélie Cécile, François Lacouture, Philip Llewellyn, and Laurent Mariac. "A Fair Comparison Between Five Co2 Capture Technologies." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208138-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract To curtail the global warming increase to less than 2°C by 2050, the IPCC highlights Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) as a vital approach. TotalEnergies, following its ambition to become a responsible energy major, invests 10% of its R&D budget in CCUS to reduce the global process cost and help decarbonize our activities. TotalEnergies is both working to decarbonize its own assets and developing a transport and storage infrastructure in Europe, with notably Northern Lights an example of note. It is equally of interest how this transport/storage infrastructure can be of use for other sectors and as such how various full CCUS chains may emerge. This explains the interest to develop techno-economic tools to evaluate CO2 capture processes applied to a wide range of industries. CO2 that is an integral part of the manufacturing process, is particularly difficult to abate in any future scenario, and one particular industry, which is facing such a challenge is the cement sector. CCUS has been identified as a potential solution to help with this issue. The present paper outlines the outcomes of a techno-economic study evaluating CO2 capture technologies based on cement factory retrofitting. A literature review aimed at identifying the main characteristics of a typical European cement plant (capacity, process mode, pollutant composition in the flue gas…) was carried out. In this paper, a base case scenario of 90% absorption-based CO2 capture with monoethanolamine (MEA) is compared with four alternative CO2 capture approaches: –An absorption technology based on non-amine solvent.–An adsorption technology based on a Concentration Swing Adsorption process.–An oxyfuel technology derived from the R&D works performed during the CEMCAP project (European CO2 capture project).–A Calcium Looping technology with tail-end process configuration. For each of these approaches, the whole carbon capture chain has been considered: this includes flue gas pretreatment, CO2 conditioning (including compression), steam generation, and utilities. Using process simulations, engineering studies have been carried out and have provided Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as Capital Costs, Operation Costs and Global Warming Potential (primary energy consumption per ton of CO2 avoided). It enabled mapping the technologies with regards to the cost and volume of CO2 avoided, as well as providing for each of the technologies the break-even point for an eventual CO2 tax. Based on these KPIs, several facts have been highlighted: –The need to consider the whole process (including utilities, compression…) and not only the capture unit.–The development of new materials for adsorption and contactor design is already driving down costs.–The availability of waste heat can be a game-changer to implement a CO2 capture technology.–Technology comparisons are location and site-specific and cannot be taken as a basis for concept selection. TotalEnergies approach to CCUS is collaborative. With these full-scale techno-economical assessments, generated via quotations from industrial equipment providers and using Engineering, Procurement and Construction standards, this not only gives a basis for comparison, but also assists our discussions with partners to identify key technological development pathways.
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Pokhitonov, Yury, Vasiliy Babain, Vladislav Kamachev, and Dennis Kelley. "Russia: Results and Prospects of Liquid Solidification Experiments at ROSATOM Sites." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59112.
Abstract:
Ongoing experimental work has been underway at selected nuclear sites in the Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation (ROSATOM) during the past two years to determine the effectiveness, reliability, application and acceptability of high technology polymers for liquid radioactive waste solidification. The long term project is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (IPP) program. IPP was established in 1994 as a non-proliferation program of DOE / National Nuclear Security Administration and receives its funding each year through Congressional appropriation. The objectives of IPP are: • To engage former Soviet nuclear weapons scientists, engineers and technicians, currently or formerly involved with weapons of mass destruction, in peaceful and sustainable commercial activities. • To identify non-military, commercial applications for former Soviet institute technologies through cooperative projects among former Soviet weapons scientists, U.S. national laboratories and U.S. industry. • To create new technology sources and to provide business opportunities for U.S. companies, while offering commercial opportunities and meaningful employment for former weapons scientists. Argonne National Laboratory provides management oversight for this project. More than 60 former weapons scientists are engaged in this project. With the project moving toward its conclusion in 2012, the emphasis is now on expanding the experimental work to include the sub-sites of Seversk (SCC), Zheleznogorsk (MCC) located in Siberia and Gatchyna (KRI) and applying the polymer technology to actual problematic waste streams as well as to evaluate the prospects for new applications, beyond their current use in the nuclear waste treatment field. Work to date includes over the solidification of over 80 waste streams for the purpose of evaluating all aspects of the polymer’s effectiveness with LLW and ILW complex waste. Waste stream compositions include oil, aqueous, acidic and basic solutions with heavy metals, oil sludge, spent extractants, decontamination solutions, salt sludge, TBP and other complex waste streams. Extensive irradiation evaluation (up to 270 million rad), stability and leach studies, evaporation and absorption capacity tests and gas generation experimentation on tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) waste have been examined. The extensive evaluation of the polymer technology by the lead group, V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute, has resulted in significant discussion about its possible use within the ROSATOM network. At present the focus of work is with its application to legacy LLW and ILW waste streams that exist in a variety of sectors that include power plants, research institutes, weapons sites, submarine decommissioning and many others. As is the case in most countries, new waste treatment technologies first must be verified by the waste generator, and secondly, approved for use by the government regulators responsible for final storage. The polymer technology is the first foreign sorbent product to enter Russia for radioactive waste treatment so it must receive ROSATOM certification by undergoing irradiation, fire / safety and health / safety testing. Experimental work to date has validated the effectiveness of the polymer technology and today the project team is evaluating criteria for final acceptance of the waste form by ROSATOM. The paper will illustrate results of the various experiments that include irradiation of actual solidified samples, gas generation of irradiated samples, chemical stability (cesium leach rate) and thermal stability, oil and aqueous waste stream solidification examples, and volume reduction test data that will determine cost benefits to the waste generator. Throughout the course of this work, it is apparent that the polymer technology is selective in nature; however, it can have broad applicability to problematic waste streams. One such application is the separation and selective recovery of trans-plutonium elements and rare earth elements from standard solutions. Another application is the use of polymers at sites where radioactive liquids are accidently emitted from operations, thus causing the risk of environmental contamination.