Journal articles: 'Response shift'

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Tierney, D. Kathryn, Noreen Facione, Geraldine Padilla, and Marylin Dodd. "Response Shift." Cancer Nursing 30, no. 2 (March 2007): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ncc.0000265002.79687.af.

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Owens, Edward H., Helen C. Dubach, and Robert W. Castle. "SHORELINE RESPONSE - A PARADIGM SHIFT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1315.

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ABSTRACT From time to time an event or a series of events can produce a change in strategic thinking or operating practices. One outcome of the Deepwater Horizon response was to learn from the process by which the shoreline response program was developed while the majority of planning and operational effort was directed towards the multi-faceted and intensive on-water program to recover or eliminate oil on the water before it could reach the coastal zone to minimize the impacts of the spill. This emphasis is typical of most marine and coastal spill response operations even though the duration of on-water operations may be a few days or weeks, whereas the onshore phase typically extends over weeks, months, or even years. The chronic nature of the Deepwater Horizon spill resulted in the on-water phase lasting for several months so that resources that typically would have transferred over to shoreline operations within a short time frame (days to a few weeks) remained committed to offshore and nearshore operation well into the summer of 2010. Shoreline cleanup is arguably the most intensely scrutinized and potentially expensive, in terms of time and effort, part of any response. Pre-planning shoreline cleanup in detail can be very challenging. Notwithstanding the types and volumes of oil, primary factors affecting shoreline cleanup strategy include potential oil pathways, shore types, seasonal coastal ecosystem and individual resource sensitivities, stakeholder involvements, and tactical cleanup options and restrictions. Few organizations have dedicated resources for shoreline cleanup: these must be identified and mobilized for a specific scenario (shore type, oil character, volume, etc.). However, a readiness to respond rapidly and expertly to oil on shore is critical as cleanup actions typically are most effective and efficient immediately following deposition, before oil is remobilized, buried or weathers to a state more difficult to clean. These preplanning challenges often mean that crucial details in a shoreline response plan are developed while oil is heading towards or even is onshore. The development of a Shoreline Response Program (SRP) addresses these challenges. The model SRP is a paradigm shift in the sense that it represents a change in some basic assumptions for spill response planning and first-phase response operations related to shorelines.

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Kugelberg, Elisabeth. "Glucocorticoids shift response in macrophages." Nature Reviews Immunology 14, no. 2 (January 24, 2014): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3615.

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McClimans, Leah, Jerome Bickenbach, Marjan Westerman, Licia Carlson, David Wasserman, and Carolyn Schwartz. "Philosophical perspectives on response shift." Quality of Life Research 22, no. 7 (October 28, 2012): 1871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0300-x.

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Hemmings, Susan J., and Kenneth B. Storey. "Alterations in hepatic adrenergic receptor status in Rana sylvatica in response to freezing and thawing: implications to the freeze-induced glycemic response." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 1552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-223.

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In Rana sylvatica, freeze-induced liberation of glucose from hepatic glycogen stores plays a critical role in conferring freeze tolerance. To determine whether an alteration in hepatic adrenergic receptor status, which dictates catecholamine-directed hepatic glycogenolytic responses, is involved in the glycemic response to freezing, hepatic α1 α2, and β2 adrenergic receptors and calcium transport were characterized by radioligand and radioisotopic techniques, respectively, in plasma membranes isolated from the livers of control, −2.5 °C-exposed, and frozen–thawed frogs. The three adrenergic receptors display marked and different patterns of changes in response to freezing, with two distinct receptor shifts clearly evident. In the control state, the β2 adrenergic receptor dominates over the α1 receptor. At 12 h, β2 adrenergic receptor dominance intensifies by a receptor shift involving a decrease in the α1 and α2 adrenergic receptors. Coincident with the initiation of the glycemic response, this early shift may be causally related to it. At 24 h, the α1 adrenergic receptor dominates, achieved by a receptor shift involving a decrease in the β2 adrenergic receptor and an increase in the α1 and α2 adrenergic receptors. This shift may be related to the maintenance of the glycemic response. Receptor shifts are associated with changes in calcium transport, which accentuate them. The thawed state is characterized by recovery of α, but not β2, receptor expression correlatable with, and perhaps allowing, a switch to hepatic glycogenesis. The role of thyroid hormone, whose levels are lower in the frozen state, in inducing receptor shifts is discussed.Key words: hepatic adrenergic receptors, Rana sylvatica, freeze tolerance, glycemic response, thyroid hormones.

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Piwowar, Valentina, and Felicitas Thiel. "Evaluating Response Shift in Training Evaluation." Evaluation Review 38, no. 5 (August 21, 2014): 420–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x14546932.

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Sprangers, Mirjam. "RESPONSE-SHIFT BIAS IN PROGRAM EVALUATION." Impact Assessment 7, no. 2-3 (September 1989): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07349165.1989.9726018.

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Schwartz, Carolyn E., Mirjam A. G. Sprangers, Amy Carey, and George Reed. "Exploring response shift in longitudinal data." Psychology & Health 19, no. 1 (February 2004): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0887044031000118456.

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van Rijn, Theo. "A physiatrist's view of response shift." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62, no. 11 (November 2009): 1191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.01.023.

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Ramsey, Anne M., Adam Stowie, Oscar Castanon-Cervantes, and Alec J. Davidson. "Environmental Circadian Disruption Increases Stroke Severity and Dysregulates Immune Response." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 4 (June 8, 2020): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420929450.

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Understanding the health consequences of chronic disruption of circadian rhythms can contribute to improving prevention strategies for shift workers. Chronic circadian disruption in shift work has been linked to a higher risk of stroke. Dysregulated immune responses are also linked to circadian disruption and may be a factor in stroke outcomes in shift workers. In this study, we test the hypotheses that specific schedules of circadian disruption exacerbate inflammatory responses in the brain, causing an increase in infarct size after experimentally induced ischemic stroke. Mice were exposed to 1 of 5 different lighting schedules followed by a 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion, then reperfusion and 3-day recovery. A history of weekly phase advances resulted in an increased infarct volume versus the control lighting schedule. These effects were shift-direction specific, nonpermanent, and required multiple shifts to occur. In a separate cohort, stereotaxic injections of lipopolysaccharide were given bilaterally after exposure to 1 of 3 different lighting schedules. Ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine expression show dysregulated responses after a history of phase advances. We conclude that chronic circadian disruption leads to worsened stroke outcome in a direction- and schedule-specific manner likely because of priming of the inflammatory response in the brain. These pieces of evidence suggest that the health impacts of shift work may be improved by targeting shift work scheduling, inflammatory mediators, or both.

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Lachmy, Orli, and Tiffany Shaw. "Connecting the Energy and Momentum Flux Response to Climate Change Using the Eliassen–Palm Relation." Journal of Climate 31, no. 18 (September 2018): 7401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0792.1.

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Coupled climate models project that extratropical storm tracks and eddy-driven jets generally shift poleward in response to increased CO2 concentration. Here the connection between the storm-track and jet responses to climate change is examined using the Eliassen–Palm (EP) relation. The EP relation states that the eddy potential energy flux is equal to the eddy momentum flux times the Doppler-shifted phase speed. The EP relation can be used to connect the storm-track and eddy-driven jet responses to climate change assuming 1) the storm-track and eddy potential energy flux responses are consistent and 2) the response of the Doppler-shifted phase speed is negligible. We examine the extent to which the EP relation connects the eddy-driven jet (eddy momentum flux convergence) response to climate change with the storm-track (eddy potential energy flux) response in two idealized aquaplanet model experiments. The two experiments, which differ in their radiation schemes, both show a poleward shift of the storm track in response to climate change. However, the eddy-driven jet shifts poleward using the sophisticated radiation scheme but equatorward using the gray radiation scheme. The EP relation gives a good approximation of the momentum flux response and the eddy-driven jet shift, given the eddy potential energy flux response, because the Doppler-shifted phase speed response is negligible. According to the EP relation, the opposite shift of the eddy-driven jet for the different radiation schemes is associated with dividing the eddy potential energy flux response by the climatological Doppler-shifted phase speed, which is dominated by the zonal-mean zonal wind.

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Sprangers, Mirjam, and Johan Hoogstraten. "Response-Style Effects, Response-Shift Bias and a Bogus-Pipeline." Psychological Reports 61, no. 2 (October 1987): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.2.579.

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The influence of response-style effects on subjects' self-ratings was assessed, utilizing a bogus-pipeline technique. The design was a pretest-posttest design, including retrospective preratings. Subjects were 73 psychology freshmen fulfilling a course requirement. Subjects were led to believe that the veracity of their self-reports could be checked by means of objective measures. The bogus-pipeline induction in the pretesting did lower self-reported preratings and consequently eliminated response-shift bias, defined as a significant mean difference between conventional and retrospective preratings. The results show no contradiction of earlier research. Since a response shift occurred in the experimental nonbogus-pipeline condition, it was concluded that use of a bogus-pipeline technique can improve self-reported pretest scores and subsequently eliminate response-shift-bias effects. Data furthermore show that the retrospective pretest is rather robust for procedural differences.

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Ahmed, Sara, and Nancy Mayo. "Author's response: using structural equation modeling to evaluate response shift." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 60, no. 4 (April 2007): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.003.

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Guilleux, Alice, Myriam Blanchin, Antoine Vanier, Francis Guillemin, Bruno Falissard, Carolyn E. Schwartz, Jean-Benoit Hardouin, and Véronique Sébille. "RespOnse Shift ALgorithm in Item response theory (ROSALI) for response shift detection with missing data in longitudinal patient-reported outcome studies." Quality of Life Research 24, no. 3 (December 5, 2014): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0876-4.

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Barpanda, Pragallva, and Tiffany Shaw. "Using the Moist Static Energy Budget to Understand Storm-Track Shifts across a Range of Time Scales." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 8 (July 21, 2017): 2427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0022.1.

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Abstract Storm tracks shift meridionally in response to forcing across a range of time scales. Here the authors formulate a moist static energy (MSE) framework for storm-track position and use it to understand storm-track shifts in response to seasonal insolation, El Niño minus La Niña conditions, and direct (increased CO2 over land) and indirect (increased sea surface temperature) effects of increased CO2. Two methods (linearized Taylor series and imposed MSE flux divergence) are developed to quantify storm-track shifts and decompose them into contributions from net energy (MSE input to the atmosphere minus atmospheric storage) and MSE flux divergence by the mean meridional circulation and stationary eddies. Net energy is not a dominant contribution across the time scales considered. The stationary eddy contribution dominates the storm-track shift in response to seasonal insolation, El Niño minus La Niña conditions, and CO2 direct effect in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas the mean meridional circulation contribution dominates the shift in response to CO2 indirect effect during northern winter and in the Southern Hemisphere during May and October. Overall, the MSE framework shows the seasonal storm-track shift in the Northern Hemisphere is connected to the stationary eddy MSE flux evolution. Furthermore, the equatorward storm-track shift during northern winter in response to El Niño minus La Niña conditions involves a different regime than the poleward shift in response to increased CO2 even though the tropical upper troposphere warms in both cases.

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Elsley, James K., Benjamin Nagy, Sharon L. Cushing, and Brian D. Corneil. "Widespread Presaccadic Recruitment of Neck Muscles by Stimulation of the Primate Frontal Eye Fields." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 3 (September 2007): 1333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00386.2007.

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We studied the role of the primate frontal eye fields (FEFs) in eye-head gaze shifts by recording EMG activity from multiple dorsal neck muscles after electrical stimulation of a broad distribution of sites throughout FEF. We assess our results in light of four mechanisms forwarded to account for why eye and head movements follow FEF stimulation. Two mechanisms propose that movements are generated indirectly by FEF stimulation in response to either a percept or an eccentric orbital position. Two other mechanisms propose that movements are evoked directly through the issuance of either a gaze command or separate eye and head commands. FEF stimulation evoked short-latency (∼20 ms) neck EMG responses from the vast majority (>95%) of stimulation sites. Evoked responses usually preceded the gaze shift by ∼20 ms, even for small gaze shifts (<10°) not typically associated with head motion. Evoked responses began earlier and attained a larger magnitude when accompanied by larger gaze shifts and took a form consistent with the recruitment of the appropriately directed head movements to accompany the evoked gaze shift. We also observed robust neck EMG even when stimulation failed to evoke a gaze shift and occasionally observed head-only movements when the head was unrestrained. These results resemble neck EMG evoked from the superior colliculus (SC). Neck EMG response latencies approached the minimal conduction time to the motor periphery and hence are not consistent with either of the indirect mechanisms. The widespread nature of the cephalomotor drive from the FEF, the scaling of neck EMG responses with gaze magnitude, and the consistently earlier generation of the EMG versus gaze response are difficult to reconcile with suggestions that separate FEF channels encode eye and head motion independently. The most parsimonious interpretation is that a gaze command issued by the FEF is decomposed into eye and head commands downstream of the SC. The relative timing of the neck EMG and gaze shift responses, and the presence of neck EMG responses on trials without gaze shifts, implies that head premotor elements are not subjected to the same brain stem control mechanisms governing gaze shifts.

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Papa, Frank J. "Response: No 'paradigm shift' needed at COMs." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 93, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 1084B. http://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.1993.93.11.1084b.

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Birkenbach, X. C. "Measuring response-shift bias in social research." South African Journal of Sociology 18, no. 2 (May 1987): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580144.1987.10558349.

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Kidd, Pamela, Mark B. Parshall, Susan Wojcik, and Tim Struttmann. "Assessing Recalibration as a Response-Shift Phenomenon." Nursing Research 53, no. 2 (March 2004): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200403000-00009.

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Koushik, Anita, Lisa Leung, and Kristan J. Aronson. "Shift Work, Chronotype, and Cancer Risk—Response." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 28, no. 8 (July 12, 2019): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0524.

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Mohsenin, Vahid, and Behrouz Jafari. "Fluid Shift in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Response." Chest 141, no. 3 (March 2012): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-3237.

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Wong, R. K., and W. B. Colson. "Frequency response to an electron energy shift." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 358, no. 1-3 (April 1995): ABS26—ABS27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)01308-x.

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Lix, Lisa M., Tolulope T. Sajobi, Richard Sawatzky, Juxin Liu, Nancy E. Mayo, Yuhui Huang, Lesley A. Graff, et al. "Relative importance measures for reprioritization response shift." Quality of Life Research 22, no. 4 (June 15, 2012): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0198-3.

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Pole, Traci, David Marcozzi, and Richard C. Hunt. "Interrupting My Shift: Disaster Preparedness and Response." Annals of Emergency Medicine 63, no. 5 (May 2014): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.08.030.

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Georgeson, A. R., Matthew J. Valente, and Oscar Gonzalez. "Evaluating Response Shift in Statistical Mediation Analysis." Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (April 2021): 251524592110122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25152459211012271.

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Researchers and prevention scientists often develop interventions to target intermediate variables (known as mediators) that are thought to be related to an outcome. When researchers target a mediating construct measured by self-report, the meaning of the self-report measure could change from pretest to posttest for the individuals who received the intervention—which is a phenomenon referred to as response shift. As a result, any observed changes on the mediator measure across groups or across time might reflect a combination of true change on the construct and response shift. Although previous studies have focused on identifying the source and type of response shift in measures after an intervention, there has been limited research on how using sum scores in the presence of response shift affects the estimation of mediated effects via statistical mediation analysis, which is critical for explaining how the intervention worked. In this article, we focus on recalibration response shift, which is a change in internal standards of measurement and affects how respondents interpret the response scale. We provide background on the theory of response shift and the methodology used to detect response shift (i.e., tests of measurement invariance). In addition, we used simulated data sets to provide an illustration of how recalibration in the mediator can bias estimates of the mediated effect and affect Type I error and power.

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Sprangers, Mirjam, and Johan Hoogstraten. "Response-Style Effects, Response-Shift Bias, and a Bogus-Pipeline: A Replication." Psychological Reports 62, no. 1 (February 1988): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.1.11.

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In an earlier study by Sprangers and Hoogstraten, a bogus-pipeline induction did remove response-style effects in the self-reported pretest. Response-shift bias, defined as a significant mean difference between conventional pre- and retrospective preratings, was consequently eliminated. It was concluded that response-style effects in the pretesting are a likely cause of response-shift bias. The present experiment was designed to examine whether these results are stable and generalizable to a different educational training. The present replication made use of the same bogus-pipeline procedure. The experimental training was a First Aid instructional film. Subjects were 53 freshmen in psychology who were fulfilling a course requirement. Contrary to expectation, a bogus-pipeline induction did not lower self-reported preratings. A response-shift did not occur in the bogus-pipeline or in the non-bogus-pipeline conditions. It was concluded that a construct not susceptible to removal of response-style effects is not susceptible to response-shift bias either. Results are consonant with the response-style basis for response-shift bias and show no contradiction of the former study. Data furthermore show that the administration of an objective pretest had no effect on subsequent objective posttreatment scores.

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Wehrens, Sophie M. T., Shelagh M. Hampton, Rebecca E. Finn, and Debra J. Skene. "Effect of total sleep deprivation on postprandial metabolic and insulin responses in shift workers and non-shift workers." Journal of Endocrinology 206, no. 2 (May 17, 2010): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-10-0077.

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Epidemiological studies have shown that shift workers are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease which may, in part, be related to metabolic and hormonal changes. Partial sleep deprivation, a common consequence of rotating shift work, has been shown to affect glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The current study investigated the effects of one night of total sleep deprivation, as a proxy for the first night shift, on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid (triacylglycerols (TAGs) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs)) responses under controlled laboratory conditions in shift workers and non-shift workers. Eleven experienced shift workers (35.7±7.2 years, mean±s.d.) who had worked in shifts for 8.7±5.25 years were matched with 13 non-shift workers who had worked for 32.8±6.4 years. After an adaptation night and a baseline sleep night, volunteers were kept awake for 30.5 h, followed by a nap (4 h) and recovery sleep. Blood samples were taken prior to and after a standard breakfast following baseline sleep, total sleep deprivation and recovery sleep. Basal TAG levels prior to the standard breakfast were significantly lower after sleep deprivation, indicating higher energy expenditure. Basal NEFA levels were significantly lower after recovery sleep. Postprandial insulin and TAG responses were significantly increased, and the NEFA response was decreased after recovery sleep, suggestive of insulin insensitivity. Although there were no overall significant differences between non-shift workers and shift workers, non-shift workers showed significantly higher basal insulin levels, lower basal NEFA levels, and an increased postprandial insulin and a decreased NEFA response after recovery sleep. In future, the reasons for these inter-group differences are to be investigated.

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Suriyampola, Piyumika S., Melissa Lopez, Brontë E. Ellsworth, and Emília P. Martins. "Reversibility of Multimodal Shift: Zebrafish Shift to Olfactory Cues When the Visual Environment Changes." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa036.

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Synopsis Animals can shift their reliance on different sensory modalities in response to environmental conditions, and knowing the degree to which traits are reversible may help us to predict their chances of survival in a changing environment. Here, using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio), we found that 6 weeks in different light environments alone were sufficient to shift whether fish approached visual or chemical cues first, and that a subsequent reversal of lighting conditions also reversed their sensory preferences. In addition, we measured simple behavioral responses to sensory stimuli presented alone, and found that zebrafish housed in dim light for 6 weeks responded weakly to an optomotor assay, but strongly to an olfactory cue, whereas fish experiencing bright light for 6 weeks responded strongly to the visual optomotor stimulus and weakly in an olfactory assay. Visual and olfactory responses were equally reversible, and shifted to the opposite pattern when we reversed lighting conditions for 6 weeks. In contrast, we did not find a change in activity level, suggesting that changes in multiple sensory modalities can buffer animals from changes in more complex forms of behavior. This reversal of sensory response provides insight into how animals may use sensory shifts to keep up with environmental change.

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Verdam, M. G. E., W. van Ballegooijen, C. J. M. Holtmaat, H. Knoop, J. Lancee, F. J. Oort, H. Riper, et al. "Re-evaluating randomized clinical trials of psychological interventions: Impact of response shift on the interpretation of trial results." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): e0252035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252035.

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Background Effectiveness of psychological treatment is often assessed using patient-reported health evaluations. However, comparison of such scores over time can be hampered due to a change in the meaning of self-evaluations, called ‘response shift’. Insight into the occurrence of response shift seems especially relevant in the context of psychological interventions, as they often purposefully intend to change patients’ frames of reference. Aims The overall aim is to gain insight into the general relevance of response shift for psychological health intervention research. Specifically, the aim is to re-analyse data of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of psychological interventions targeting different health aspects, to assess (1) the occurrence of response shift, (2) the impact of response shift on interpretation of treatment effectiveness, and (3) the predictive role of clinical and background variables for detected response shift. Method We re-analysed data from RCTs on guided internet delivered cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) for insomnia in the general population with and without elevated depressive symptoms, an RCT on meaning-centred group psychotherapy targeting personal meaning for cancer survivors, and an RCT on internet-based CBT treatment for persons with diabetes with elevated depressive symptoms. Structural equation modelling was used to test the three objectives. Results We found indications of response shift in the intervention groups of all analysed datasets. However, results were mixed, as response shift was also indicated in some of the control groups, albeit to a lesser extent or in opposite direction. Overall, the detected response shifts only marginally impacted trial results. Relations with selected clinical and background variables helped the interpretation of detected effects and their possible mechanisms. Conclusion This study showed that response shift effects can occur as a result of psychological health interventions. Response shift did not influence the overall interpretation of trial results, but provide insight into differential treatment effectiveness for specific symptoms and/or domains that can be clinically meaningful.

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Grzyb, Kai Robin, and Ronald Hübner. "Response Inhibition Modulates Response Conflict in Task Switching." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 221, no. 1 (January 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000128.

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Although response repetition (RR) effects vary considerably between conditions and studies, little is known about the causes. Recently, RR costs on task-switch trials have been found to be larger for incongruent stimuli that activate both alternative responses than for neutral ones. Here, we investigated if this modulation can be explained by an amplification of response conflict account (ARC). It assumes that a response-shift bias that is responsible for the basic RR costs amplifies the response conflict induced by incongruent stimuli specifically on trials where the response repeats. Consequently, RR costs are increased for incongruent stimuli. Because supporting evidence for this account was restricted to task-shift trials, we tested if the ARC account holds also more generally, that is, on task-repetition trials. To this end, we applied a rather common alternating-runs paradigm and presented neutral and incongruent stimuli. Results show that the congruency effect was larger on RR trials than on RS trials. Because this relation was independent of task transition, it is consistent with the idea that, in order to promote behavioral flexibility in task-switching contexts, a general response-shift bias is induced by inhibiting the previous response.

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Uiska, Erin, David W. Dunham, and Harold H. Harvey. "Cumulative pattern in pH change alters response to food in the crayfish Cambarus bartoni." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-024.

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In the relatively acid-tolerant crayfish Cambarus bartoni, locomotory response to food was tested (as delay in response, or latency) at both a circumneutral and a sublethal acid pH. Crayfish moved through a Y-maze toward a food source. Sequential tests were at pH 7.5, 4.5, and 7.5, and then again at pH 4.5 and 7.5. One group of 21 crayfish experienced a series of smaller pH shifts (7.5 to 6.5 to 5.5 to 4.5 at 5-day intervals), immediately followed by a larger pH shift (7.5 to 4.5). A second group of 20 crayfish experienced the large shift first, and then the series of smaller shifts. Both groups showed gradually decreasing latency through the first cycle, but then a large latency increase with the second shift to pH 4.5 (P < 0.005 and P < 0.03), and subsequent recovery at pH 7.5 by the first group (P < 0.006) but not the second (P < 0.32). This effect would seem to be due to the previous pH shift, which apparently exceeded their tolerance within our 45-day testing period. An initial tendency to approach the food (P < 0.01 and P < 0.12) became food avoidance (P < 0.01) and (or) no preference during either the first or second exposure to acidic pH.

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Shaw, Tiffany A., and Aiko Voigt. "Understanding the Links between Subtropical and Extratropical Circulation Responses to Climate Change Using Aquaplanet Model Simulations." Journal of Climate 29, no. 18 (August 29, 2016): 6637–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0049.1.

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Abstract Previous research has shown that subtropical and extratropical circulations are linked seasonally and in response to climate change. In particular, amplification (weakening) of subtropical stationary eddies is linked to a poleward (equatorward) shift of the extratropical circulation in the Northern Hemisphere. Here the mechanisms linking subtropical and extratropical circulation responses to climate change are examined using prescribed sea surface temperature aquaplanet simulations with a subtropical zonal asymmetry that mimics land–ocean contrasts. A poleward circulation shift occurs in response to uniform global warming even in the presence of subtropical stationary eddies. Subtropical stationary eddies exhibit a weak response to global warming; however, regional warming of temperature (or equivalent potential temperature) over land (ocean) increases (decreases) stationary eddy amplitude and shifts the extratropical circulation poleward (equatorward), consistent with comprehensive models. The stationary eddy response to regional warming is connected to regional moist entropy gradient, energy input to the atmosphere, and gross moist stability changes. Stationary eddy amplitude changes directly affect momentum and moist static energy transport following linear wave and mixing length theories. The transport changes do not follow a fixed-diffusivity framework. Extratropical transient eddy transport changes compensate ~70%–90% of the subtropical stationary eddy transport response. This assumes exact subtropical compensation accounts for a large fraction of the meridional shift of the extratropical circulation in response to regional climate change.

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Williford, Tori, and John H. R. Maunsell. "Effects of Spatial Attention on Contrast Response Functions in Macaque Area V4." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (July 2006): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01207.2005.

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Previous single-unit studies of visual cortex have reported that spatial attention modulates responses to different orientations and directions proportionally, such that it does not change the width of tuning functions for these properties. Other studies have suggested that spatial attention causes a leftward shift in contrast response functions, such that its effects on responses to stimuli of different contrasts are not proportional. We have further explored the effects of attention on stimulus-response functions by measuring the responses of 131 individual V4 neurons in two monkeys while they did a task that controlled their spatial attention. Each neuron was tested with a set of stimuli that spanned complete ranges of orientation and contrast during different states of attention. Consistent with earlier reports, attention scaled responses to preferred and nonpreferred orientations proportionally. However, we did not find compelling evidence that the effects were best described by a leftward shift of the contrast response function. The modulation of neuronal responses by attention was well described by either a leftward shift or proportional scaling of the contrast response function. Consideration of differences in experimental design and analysis that may have contributed to this discrepancy suggests that it was premature to exclude a proportional scaling of responses to different contrasts by attention in favor of a leftward shift of contrast response functions. The current results reopen the possibility that the effects of attention on stimulus-response functions are well described by a single proportional increase in a neuron's response to all stimuli.

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34

Novak, Marilyn, and Stuart I. Offenbach. "Response training in young children’s discrimination shift learning." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 23, no. 1 (January 1985): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03329772.

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Gadgil, Mugdha, Vivek Kapur, and Wei-Shou Hu. "Transcriptional Response of Escherichia coli to Temperature Shift." Biotechnology Progress 21, no. 3 (September 5, 2008): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp049630l.

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36

Silva, Marcos, and Glenn F. Cartwright. "The Canadian Response to the Telecommunications Paradigm Shift." Resource Sharing & Information Networks 9, no. 1 (June 7, 1994): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j121v09n01_08.

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37

Gibbons, F. X. "Social comparison as a mediator of response shift." Social Science & Medicine 48, no. 11 (June 1999): 1517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00046-5.

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B. Wilson, Ira. "Clinical understanding and clinical implications of response shift." Social Science & Medicine 48, no. 11 (June 1999): 1577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00050-7.

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39

Mann, Sandi. "Implications of the response‐shift bias for management." Journal of Management Development 16, no. 5 (July 1997): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621719710174516.

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Mackintosh, Stuart P. M. "Crises and Paradigm Shift: A Response to Critics." Political Quarterly 86, no. 1 (January 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12131.

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Schwartz, Carolyn E. "RESPONSE SHIFT EFFECTS IN A PSYCHOSOCIAL RANDOMIZED TRIAL." Psychosomatic Medicine 60, no. 1 (1998): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199801000-00114.

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Postulart, Debby, and Eddy M. M. Adang. "Response Shift and Adaptation in Chronically III Patients." Medical Decision Making 20, no. 2 (April 2000): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x0002000204.

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Miles, Ian. "〈Shift〉〈control〉 … 〈home〉 ? Response to Robins and Cornford." Futures 22, no. 8 (October 1990): 880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(90)90022-a.

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Mayo, Nancy E., Susan C. Scott, Nandini Dendukuri, Sara Ahmed, and Sharon Wood-Dauphinee. "Identifying response shift statistically at the individual level." Quality of Life Research 17, no. 4 (April 2, 2008): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-008-9329-2.

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Lau, Darren, Calypse Agborsangaya, Fatima Al Sayah, Xiuyun Wu, Arto Ohinmaa, and Jeffrey A. Johnson. "Population-level response shift: novel implications for research." Quality of Life Research 21, no. 9 (November 18, 2011): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-0064-8.

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Fairclough, D. L. "Response shift in the presence of missing data." Quality of Life Research 24, no. 3 (January 28, 2015): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-0920-z.

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Tunc, Ilknur, Haci Osman Guvenc, Hikmet Sezen, Sefik Suzer, Miguel A. Correa-Duarte, and Luis M. Liz-Marzán. "Optical Response of Ag-Au Bimetallic Nanoparticles to Electron Storage in Aqueous Medium." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 3003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.157.

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Composition and structure dependence of the shift in the position of the surface plasmon resonance band upon introduction of NaBH4 to aqueous solutions of gold and silver nanoparticles are presented. Silver and gold nanoalloys in different compositions were prepared by co-reduction of the corresponding salt mixtures using sodium citrate as the reducing agent. After addition of NaBH4 to the resultant nanoalloys, the maximum of their surface plasmon resonance band, ranging between that of pure silver (ca. 400 nm) and of pure gold (ca. 530 nm), is blue-shifted as a result of electron storage on the particles. The extent of this blue shift increases non-linearly with the mole fraction of silver in the nanoparticle, parallel to the trends reported previously for both the frequency and the extinction coefficient of the plasmon band shifts. Gold(core)@silver(shell) nanoparticles were prepared by sequential reduction of gold and silver, where addition of NaBH4 results in relatively large spectral shift in the plasmon resonance band when compared with the nanoalloys having a similar overall composition. The origin of the large plasmon band shift in the core–shell is related with a higher silver surface concentration on these particles. Hence, the chemical nature of the nanoparticle emerges as the dominating factor contributing to the extent of the spectral shift as a result of electron storage in bimetallic systems.

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Winslow, R. L., and M. B. Sachs. "Effect of electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on auditory nerve response to tones in noise." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1002–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.4.1002.

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The discharge rates of single auditory-nerve fibers responding to best-frequency (BF) tones of varying level presented simultaneously with fixed level broadband noise were recorded with and without electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB). In the absence of COCB stimulation, monotonic increases in noise level produce monotonic increases in the low-level noise-driven response rate of auditory nerve fibers. As a result of adaptation, these increases in noise-driven response rate produce monotonic decreases in saturation discharge rate. At high noise levels, these compressive effects may eliminate the differential rate response of auditory nerve fibers to BF tones. COCB stimulation can restore this differential rate response by producing large decreases in noise-driven response rate and large increases in saturation discharge rate. In backgrounds of quiet, COCB stimulation is known to shift the dynamic range of single auditory nerve fiber BF tone responses to higher stimulus levels. In the presence of background noise, COCB stimulation produces upward shift of dynamic range, which decreases with increasing noise level. At high noise levels, COCB-induced decompression of rate-level functions may occur with little or no dynamic range shift. This enables auditory nerve fibers to signal changes in tone level with changes in discharge rate at lower signal-to-noise ratios than would be possible otherwise. Broadband noise also produces upward shift of the dynamic range of single auditory nerve fiber BF tone response. Noise-induced dynamic range shift of BF tone response was measured as a function of noise level with and without COCB stimulation. COCB stimulation elevates the threshold of noise-induced dynamic range shift. This shift is thought to result from two-tone rate suppression. Increases in the threshold of noise-induced shift due to COCB stimulation therefore suggests an interaction between the mechanism of two-tone rate suppression and the mechanism by which COCB stimulation produces dynamic range shift. These interactions were further investigated by recording auditory nerve fiber rate responses to fixed-level BF excitor tones presented simultaneously with fixed-frequency variable level suppressor tones. Rate responses were recorded with and without COCB stimulation. Experimental results were quantified using a phenomenological model of two-tone rate suppression presented by Sachs and Abbas.

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Chow, Edward, Hannah Chiu, Meagan Doyle, George Hruby, Lori Holden, Elizabeth A. Barnes, May Tsao, Gabriella Mallia, Kristin Harris, and Cyril Danjoux. "Patient Expectation of the Partial Response and Response Shift in Pain Score." Supportive Cancer Therapy 4, no. 2 (January 2007): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/sct.2007.n.005.

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Gibbons, Henning, and Jutta Stahl. "Early Activity in the Lateralized Readiness Potential Suggests Prime-Response Retrieval as a Source of Negative Priming." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 3 (January 2008): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.3.164.

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Abstract. Negative priming (NP) refers to increased response time (RT) for a probe target that was a distractor in a preceding prime presentation (distractor-target shift, DT), compared to novel targets. The present study used the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) to investigate, in a four-choice identification task, a novel episodic-retrieval explanation of NP introduced by Rothermund, Wentura, and de Houwer (2005) . This theory proposes that retrieval reactivates the prime response which interferes with selection of the correct probe response, thereby producing NP. 20 participants responded to pairs of red and blue digits, contingent on the identity of the digit presented in the target color. Behavioral NP involved RT increase by 16 ms. With shift trials (different hands used for prime and probe responses), in the DT condition LRP onset was delayed relative to control. By contrast, earlier LRP onset was observed for DT relative to control with no-shift trials (same hand used for prime and probe responses). Behavioral NP effects showed similar magnitude for shift and no-shift trials. Results support the Rothermund et al. (2005) theory of prime-response retrieval.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Response shift'

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