Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Respiratory Sciences'
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1
Behrakis, Panagiotis K. "Respiratory mechanics during anesthesia in humans." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70216.
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This thesis provides the first systematic measurements of respiratory mechanics in humans anesthetized with halothane. Measurements were made both in anesthetized and anesthetized-paralyzed states. Both active and passive elastance and flow resistance values of the total respiratory system are presented. Next, the passive mechanics data are partitioned into lung and chest wall components. As this partitioning is based on measurements of esophageal pressure, a simple method for validating the esophageal balloon-catheter technique for indirect measurement of pleural surface pressure has also been developed, and applied to anesthetized subjects. In addition, lung mechanics has been studied in awake normal subjects in different body postures (sitting, supine, right and left lateral decubitus). The present approach can be readily extended to investigate the effects of other anesthetics and drugs used in conjunction with anesthesia on respiratory mechanics.
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Nikoletou, Dimitra. "Respiratory muscle endurance, fatigue and training in COPD." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20196/.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "Respiratory Compromise in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2539.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "New Faculty Mentoring in Respiratory Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5444.
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Graham, David Andrew. "Improved serological diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266707.
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Wrightson, John M. "Pathogen identification in lower respiratory tract infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30c757ec-99b7-492e-a12e-ff996581863a.
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Treatment of lower respiratory tract infection (pneumonia and pleural infection) relies on the use of empirical broad spectrum antibiotics, primarily because reliable pathogen identification occurs infrequently. Another consequence of poor rates of pathogen identification is that our understanding of the microbiology of these infections is incomplete. This thesis addresses some of these issues by combining the acquisition of high quality lower respiratory tract samples, free from nasooropharyngeal contamination, with novel molecular microbiological techniques in an attempt to increase rates of pathogen identification. Four main areas are examined: (i) The role of so-called ‘atypical pneumonia’ bacteria in causing pleural infection. These pathogens have been previously identified in the pleural space infrequently and routine culture usually fails to isolate such bacteria. High sensitivity nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a culture-independent technique which is used to undertake a systematic evaluation for these pathogens in pleural infection samples. (ii) The role of Pneumocystis jirovecii in pleural infection, either as a co-infecting pathogen or in monomicrobial infection. This fungus causes severe pneumonia, particularly in the immunosuppressed, but is increasingly recognised as a co-pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia, and is frequently isolated in the upper and lower respiratory tract in health. A high sensitivity real-time PCR assay is used to examine for this fungus. (iii) Ultra-deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is used to perform a comprehensive microbial survey in samples taken from the multi-centre MIST2 study of pleural infection. The techniques employed allow analysis of polymicrobial samples and give very high taxonomic resolution, whilst incorporating methods to control for potential contamination. Further, these techniques provide confirmation of the results from the ‘atypical’ bacteria nested PCR study. (iv) Bedside ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration (TNA) of consolidated lung is undertaken in patients with pneumonia, as part of the PIPAP study. An evaluation is undertaken of the efficacy and acceptability of TNA. Aspirate samples acquired are also processed using ultra-deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Other samples obtained as part of the PIPAP study, such as ‘control’ lung aspirates and ‘control’ pleural fluid samples, are similarly processed to enable calculation of sensitivity and specificity of the sequencing methodology.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "Respiratory Compromise in the ALS Patient." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2536.
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Young, Simon Spencer. "Measurement of respiratory mechanical impedance in the horse." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276214.
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Woods, Clare A. "Respiratory carbon loss in plant tissues under environmental stress." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:829338ba-7c5a-41b8-9cdd-ead4646e161e.
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Crop productivity is a balance between carbon gain by photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 and the release of fixed carbon as CO2 via respiration. Respiration is the process by which carbohydrates are oxidised to produce ATP to fuel biochemical reactions, whilst simultaneously releasing CO2 as a by-product; therefore, increased demand for ATP or decreased efficiency of ATP production by uncoupling of the mitochondrial electron transport chain results in greater CO2 production. ATP produced by respiration is either used to support processes involved in growth or to power cell maintenance processes, such as macromolecule turnover or maintenance of membrane ion gradients. Respiration increases when plants are exposed to high temperatures; a factor that will become increasingly important as we try to maximise food production as the global climate changes. However, it is unknown if increased respiration at high temperature is necessary to provide energy to support growth, is a consequence of increased ATP consumption for maintenance processes or is due to increased mitochondrial uncoupling at high temperature. Flux measurements showed that CO2 production by excised Arabidopsis thaliana roots increases with temperature up to 37°C. Although growth also increased up to 37°C resulting in increased respiration associated with growth processes, the majority of overall CO2 production at high temperatures could be accounted for by non-growth respiration. An analysis of ATP-consuming processes demonstrated that protein turnover and maintenance of ion gradients collectively account for the majority of maintenance respiration, but that ATP consumption for the maintenance of ion gradients is quantitatively more important than protein turnover at high temperature. Furthermore, a decrease in in vivo P/O ratio at high temperature was demonstrated; the results presented suggest that this is most likely due to increased basal proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It can be concluded that increased CO2 production at high temperature results from a combination of increased ATP consumption for the maintenance of ion gradients and a decrease in coupling of the mitochondrial electron transport chain through a common mechanism of increased membrane fluidity and ion leak.
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Wodicka, George R. "Acoustic transmission in the respiratory system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29200.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University--Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1989.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-163).
by George Robert Wodicka.
Ph.D.
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Roby, Amanda L. "Disruptive Behavior in the Respiratory Workplace." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1310659749.
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Raza, Ali. "The development and construction of a fibre optic respiratory plethysmograph." Thesis, Kingston University, 1998. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20622/.
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Phillips, Wiktor Samuel. "Studies of Respiratory Rhythm Generation Maintained in Organotypic Slice Cultures." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1499449864.
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Breathing is an important rhythmic motor behavior whose underlying neural mechanisms can be studied in vitro. The study of breathing rhythms in vitro has depended upon reduced preparations of the brainstem that both retain respiratory-active neuronal populations and spontaneously generate respiratory-related motor output from cranial and spinal motor nerves. Brainstem-spinal cord en bloc preparations and transverse medullary slices of the brainstem have greatly improved the ability of researchers to experimentally access and thus characterize interneurons important in respiratory rhythmogenesis. These existing in vitro preparations are, however, not without their limitations. For example, the window of time within which experiments may be conducted is limited to several hours. Moreover, these preparations are poorly suited for studying subcellular ion channel distributions and synaptic integration in dendrites of rhythmically active respiratory interneurons because of tortuous tissue properties in slices and en bloc, which limits imaging approaches. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative experimental approach. Acute transverse slices of the medulla containing the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) have been exploited for the last 25 years as a model to study the neural basis of inspiratory rhythm generation. Here we transduce such preparations into a novel organotypic slice culture that retains bilaterally synchronized rhythmic activity for up to four weeks in vitro. Properties of this culture model of inspiratory rhythm are compared to analogous acute slice preparations and the rhythm is confirmed to be generated by neurons with similar electrophysiological and pharmacological properties. The improved optical environment of the cultured brain tissue permits detailed quantitative calcium imaging experiments, which are subsequently used to examine the subcellular distribution of a transient potassium current, IA, in rhythmically active preBötC interneurons. IA is found on the dendrites of these rhythmically active neurons, where it influences the electrotonic properties of dendrites and has the ability to counteract depolarizing inputs, such as post-synaptic excitatory potentials, that are temporally sparse in their occurrence (i.e., do not summate). These results suggest that excitatory input can be transiently inhibited by IA prior to its steady-state inactivation, which would occur as temporally and spatially summating synaptic inputs cause persistent depolarization. Thus, rhythmically active interneurons are equipped to appropriately integrate the activity state of the inspiratory network, inhibiting spurious inputs and yet yielding to synaptic inputs that summate, which thus coordinates the orderly recruitment of network constituents for rhythmic inspiratory bursts. In sum, the work presented here demonstrates the viability and potential usefulness of a new experimental model of respiratory rhythm generation, and further leverages its advantages to answer questions about dendritic synaptic integration that could not previously be addressed in the acute slice models of respiration. We argue that this new organotypic slice culture will have widespread applicability in studies of respiratory rhythm generation.
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Al, Bakri Wisam Saad Hasan. "Characterization of atrazine transport across nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosae." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4559.
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The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly used pesticides in United States. Atrazine was banned in the European Union in 2005 because of its ubiquity in drinking water; however, in The United States more than 75 million pounds of atrazine are used annually, especially in the Midwest. Atrazine has many adverse health effects including enhancing developmental, immunologic endocrine alterations. Studies have reported that exposure to atrazine causes dopaminergic toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction; these cellular changes have been linked to an increase in the incidence of Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study is to characterize atrazine effect on the respiratory and olfactory mucosae with specific attention to the potential for atrazine transfer to the brain via the olfactory system. Uptake of atrazine was investigated across excised nasal mucosal tissues equilibrated in Krebs's buffer (KRB) or in a co-solvent system containing propylene glycol (PG), similar to the commercial herbicide product. Active uptake pathways were probed using 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) as a metabolic inhibitor. Brightfield microscopy was used to assess the effects of ATZ exposure on the tissues. ATZ was found to be transported across the nasal tissues in a manner consistent with passive diffusion, and 2,4-DNP did not reduce the overall uptake of ATZ. Microscopy results showed erosion of the epithelial surface following exposure to ATZ-PG-KRB when compared to control and ATZ -KRB. These results suggest a negative effect of the ATZ co-solvent formulations on nasal tissues with the potential for increased systemic and CNS exposure.
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Slifka, Janet Louise Khoenle 1964. "Respiratory constraints on speech production at prosodic boundaries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9027.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard--Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-137).
This research characterizes the respiratory system dynamics at the initiation and termination of utterances and determines correlations of physiological measures with acoustic cues for these prosodic boundaries. The analysis includes boundaries within a breath as well as boundaries that are aligned with the initiation and termination of exhalation. Simultaneous recordings of the acoustic signal, airflow, esophageal pressure and lung volume were collected during read isolated utterances and short paragraphs. These measures were used to derive estimates of recoil forces of the chest wall, net muscular forces, and the area of the airway constriction. Data are presented from four subjects (two men, two women), all native speakers of American English. Perceptual ratings for initial and final prominent syllables and the locations of pauses within the utterance were also collected. For speech boundaries th.i.t are aligned with breath boundaries, utterance initiation occurs during a rapid transition in muscular effort. Sound begins as soon as conditions permit and these conditions consistently occur during net inspiratory muscular force. Alveolar pressure reaches an initial peak (PpI) that is, in most cases, correlated to the relaxation characteristic of the chest wall. The timing of Pp1 generally coincides with a prominent syllable if that syllable is the first or second syllable in the utterance and precedes later prominences. Pressure at phonation onset is, on average, near 0.3PpI for utterances initiated with a voiced sonorant and is near 0. 8Pp1 for utterances initiated with a voiceless fricative. Phonation termination results from an approximately 3-fold increase in glottal area and a J-3 cm H20 fall in pressure. Irregular fundamental frequency (FO) at the end of voicing, in many cases, does not fit the classical definition of glottalization. Instead, voicing terminates with increasing glottal area, and FO becomes irregular during the increase. In some cases, regular FO resumes as glottal area continues to increase. Distinct respiratory gestures are made at pauses within a breath. The pressure is reduced by 2-3 cm H20, on average, during a period of relatively little volume change. The findings in this research show that the role of the respiratory system in speech production goes beyond a more traditional view of this role as one of simply providing a relatively constant driving pressure during speech.
by Janet Slifka.
Ph.D.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "Professional and Ethical Standards in Respiratory Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2538.
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Goetz, Paul W. "Worry, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, and Health Behaviors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308552215.
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Elhadad, Anwar. "Utilizing Machine Learning For Respiratory Rate Detection Via Radar Sensor." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1178.
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In this research, we investigate a data processing method to capture the respiratory rate of a person by utilizing a doppler radar to monitor their body movement during respiration. We utilize a machine learning algorithm with a radar sensor to capture the chest movement of a person while breathing and determine the respiratory rate according to that movement. We are using a Random Forest classifier to distinguish between different classes of pulses. After that, the algorithm constructs a sinusoidal signal representing the breathing rate of the sample. By applying this technique, we can detect the breathing rate accurately for different subjects by analyzing the evolution of the reflected pulse while breathing. Furthermore, we can detect the change in pulse width ratio between the pulses of the classes across multiple breaths
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Vedam, Subrahmanya. "Management of Respiratory Motion in Radiation Oncology." VCU Scholars Compass, 2002. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/162.
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Respiratory motion poses significant problems in the radiotherapy of tumors located at sites (lung, liver, pancreas, breast) that are affected by such motion. Effects of respiratory motion on the different stages of the radiotherapy process (imaging, treatment planning and treatment delivery), has formed the focus of significant research over the last decade. Results from such research have revealed that respiratory motion affects the instantaneous position of almost all structures in the thorax and abdomen to different degrees based on their corresponding anatomic location and muscular attachments. As an example, diaphragm motion was found to be of the order of 1.5 cm, predominantly in the superior-inferior (SI) direction during normal breathing. This indicates a similar magnitude of motion for tumors located in the lower lobes of the lung and in the abdomen.The conventional method of accounting for such motion is to add a margin (based on an estimate of the expected range of organ motion) around the clinical target volume (CTV) that is delineated from the image data. This margin also includes errors due beam-bony anatomy alignment during radiation delivery and errors in patient position between simulation and subsequent treatment delivery sessions. Such a margin estimate may or may not encompass the "current" extent of motion exhibited by the tumor, resulting in either a higher dose to the surrounding normal tissue or a potential cold spot in the tumor volume. Several clinical studies have reported the existence of a direct relationship between the reduction in mean dose to the lung and the incidence of radiation induced pneumonitis. Therefore, subjecting additional normal lung tissue to high dose radiation by adding large margins based on organ motion estimates may result in an increased risk of radiation induced lung injury.Monitoring and accounting for respiratory motion can however potentate a reduction in the amount of normal tissue that receives high dose radiation, thereby decreasing the probability of normal tissue complication and also increasing the possibility for dose escalation to the actual tumor volume. The management (monitoring and accounting) of respiratory motion during radiation oncology forms the primary theme of this dissertation.Specific aims of this thesis dissertation include (a) identifying the deleterious effects of respiratory motion on conventional radiation therapy techniques (b) examining the different solutions that have been proposed to counter the deleterious effects of respiratory motion during radiotherapy (c) summarizing the relevant work conducted at our institution as part of this thesis in addressing the issue of respiratory motion and (d) visualizing the future direction of research in the management of respiratory motion in radiation oncology.Among the various techniques available to manage respiratory motion in radiation oncology such as respiratory gated and breath hold based radiotherapy, our research initially focused on respiratory gated radiotherapy, employing a commercially available external marker based real time position monitoring system. Multiple session recordings of simultaneous diaphragm motion and external marker motion revealed a consistent linear relationship between the two signals indicating that the external marker motion (along the anterior-posterior (AP) direction) could be used as a "surrogate" for motion of internal anatomy (along the SI direction). The predictability of diaphragm motion based on such external marker motion both within and between treatment sessions was also determined to be of the order of 0.1 cm.Analysis of the parameters that affected the accuracy and efficacy of respiratory gated radiotherapy revealed a direct relationship between the amount of residual motion and the width of the "gate" window. It also followed therefore that a trade-off existed between the width of the "gate" and the accuracy of gated treatments and also the overall "Beam ON" time. Further, gating during exhale was found to be more reproducible than gating during inhale. Although, it was evident that a reduction in the width of the "gate" implied a reduction in the margins added around the clinical target volume (CTV), such a reduction was limited by setup error.A study of the potential gains that could be derived from respiratory gating (based on motion phantom experimental set up) indicated a potential CTV-PTV margin reduction of 0.2-1.1 cm while employing gating alone in combination with an electronic portal imaging device, thus decreasing the amount of healthy tissue receiving radiation. In addition, gating also improved the quality of images obtained during simulation by reducing the amount of motion artifacts that are typically seen during conventional spiral CT imaging.Imparting some form of training was hypothesized to better enable patients to breathe in a reproducible fashion, which was further thought to increase the accuracy and efficacy of gated radiotherapy, especially when the "gate" was set close to the inhale portion of the breathing cycle. An analysis of breathing patterns recorded from five patients over several sessions under conditions of normal quiet breathing, breathing with audio instructions and breathing with visual feedback indicated that training improved the reproducibility of amplitude or frequency of patient breathing cycles.An initial exploration into respiration synchronized radiotherapy was thought to facilitate realization of reduced margins without having to hold the radiation beam delivery during a breathing cycle (as is the case with gating). A feasibility study based on superimposition of respiratory motion of a tumor (simulated by a sinusoidal motion oscillator) onto the initial beam aperture as formed by the multileaf collimator (MLC) revealed that tumor dose measurements obtained with such a set up were equivalent to those delivered to a static tumor by a static beam.Finally, a feasibility study for a method to acquire respiration synchronized images of a motion phantom and a patient (in order to perform respiration synchronized treatment planning and delivery) yielded success in the form of a 4D CT data set with reduced motion artifacts.In summary, respiratory gated radiotherapy and respiration synchronized are both viable approaches to account for respiratory motion during radiotherapy. While respiratory gated radiotherapy has been successfully implemented in some centers, several technical advances are required to enable similar success in the implementation of respiration synchronized radiotherapy. However, the potential clinical gains that can be obtained from either of the above approaches and their relative contributions to margin reduction will determine their future applicability as routine treatment procedures.
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McHenry, Kristen L., Jim Lampley, Randy L. Byington, Donald W. Good, and Stephanie R. Tweed. "New Faculty Mentoring in Respiratory Care Programs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3169.
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify mentoring practices of new faculty members in Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC) accredited respiratory care programs in the U.S. and to identify the perceptions of program directors regarding the observed impact of program mentoring practices. Methods: The method for the study was quantitative non-experimental survey research. The survey instrument was an electronic questionnaire titled Respiratory Care Faculty (RCF) Mentoring Survey. The 25-item survey was divided into three dimensions: mentoring practices, mentor/mentee relationship, and perceptions of the impact of new faculty mentoring. Of the 410 possible program director participants, 126 (30%) responded to the survey. Data from the survey were used to analyze three primary research questions on four independent variables (12 total research questions). Results: Testing of the null hypotheses associated with the 12 research questions resulted in three significant findings and 9 findings that were not significant. Significant findings included female program directors reported greater opportunities for mentoring within their programs and greater levels of expectation concerning mentoring as compared to male program directors. Program directors from associate degree programs also reported a higher level of expectation concerning mentoring than program directors in bachelor’s degree programs. There was overwhelming agreement regarding the potential impact and benefit of mentoring new faculty to improve job performance, reduce turnover, improve job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Conclusion: The results of this study may benefit administrators and educators in respiratory care in efforts to support new faculty who possibly feel underprepared or overwhelmed in the new role. Because other allied health fields of study are similar in nature to respiratory care, the findings of the study could have potential implications across a range of health-related professions.
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El-Zein, Mariam. "Respiratory and systemic health of apprentice-welders : a prospective study." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82866.
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This dissertation is a result of an epidemiological prospective cohort study carried out among apprentice welders at four vocational teaching institutions in welding profession in the Montreal region, for the purpose of: (1) assessing the respiratory health of students, before starting welding, such as respiratory symptoms suggestive of asthma, lung function and bronchial responsiveness as well as immunological sensitization to common allergens and to metals; (2) providing a reassessment of the respiratory health of these same students as well as an assessment of the incidence of systemic symptoms suggestive of metal fume fever (MFF) after being exposed to welding fumes; (3) estimating the association between MFF and the incidence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and/or the presence of welding-related respiratory symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma (OA); (4) determining whether atopy, immunological sensitization to metals encountered in the welding environment, smoking and a personal history of asthma, are associated with an increased level of BHR or welding-related respiratory symptoms suggestive of OA; and (5) determining the relationship between exposure to metal oxide fumes and the outcome variables, i.e., MFF, immunological sensitization to metals, welding-related respiratory symptoms suggestive of OA and BHR.The undertaken study consisted of an initial pre-exposure assessment survey and two follow-up reassessment surveys that took place between September 1998 and June 2001. During these surveys a series of tests were carried out. These included a respiratory symptom questionnaire as well as a systemic symptom questionnaire, skin prick tests, spirometry and methacholine challenge tests. Industrial hygiene sampling for welding fumes in the breathing zone of these students was also performed. The overall results of the epidemiological study are presented in three interrelated manuscripts.
The first manuscript describes in detail the underlying methodology. In addition, it provides incidence figures, which are lacking in the reviewed literature, for the outcomes of interest described afterwards. The second manuscript determined the incidence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and the increase in airway obstruction from baseline values. The third manuscript confirmed our earlier findings (1) of a strong association between welding-related MFF and welding-related respiratory symptoms suggestive of OA. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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SÌarmaÌ„, RaviÌ„ndra. "Immuno-pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in lambs." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316908.
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Hajipouran, Benam Kambez. "Characterisation of expression and function of respiratory epithelial CD1d." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd445491-a391-448b-b860-e385b2acd715.
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In this thesis, I examined the expression of CD1d on respiratory epithelial cells (REC) in human and explored its potential role in mucosal immunity in the lungs. Hitherto, there have been no published reports of CD1d expression on REC though it has been observed on other epithelial surface (notably intestinal epithelial cells). This observation, and work in my supervisor’s laboratory demonstrating CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells (iNKT) cells as early players in the lungs of influenza A virus (IAV)–infected mice prompted my interest in this area. I hypothesized that CD1d is expressed on REC and that it contributes to activation of iNKT cells in the lungs via presentation of endogenous or pathogenic glycolipids. I asked following questions – i) is CD1d expressed on REC ii) can this expression be regulated and iii) does CD1d expression on REC have a function. This thesis provides the first evidence for CD1d expression on human RECs (in cell lines and primary RECs) and also presence of alternatively spliced variants. CD1d expression was inducible by viral-associated signals in vitro and despite being non-professional antigen presenting cells, RECs can present glycolipid (α–GC) to, and activate iNKT cells in a CD1d-dependent process resulting in production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Using whole genome expression profiling, I then showed that iNKT cells expressed a distinct profile of genes while in direct contact with α–GC-bound CD1d on RECs compared to cells separated by transwell membrane. Here early biological pathways were dominated by cytokine and chemokine related genes (JAK-STAT signaling pathways, cytokine-responsive elements and cytokine/chemokine genes) and apoptosis-related genes. This suggested that glycolipid-bound CD1d on REC was capable of inducing a programme of immune activation in iNKT cells. I concluded my work by examining if CD1d expression on RECs influenced its active role in immunity. Using wild type and CD1d-deficient transgenic mice challenged with IAV, I showed that CD1d expression is induced on REC in vivo after viral challenge, and in the absence of CD1d, mice showed worse outcome. RECs isolated from CD1d-deficient mice had a much stronger gene expression profile for pro-inflammatory genes. This suggested that CD1d expression on REC could have a bi-directional effect – on the RECs that expressed CD1d (preventing excessive immune-related genes activation) and on the iNKT cells that it engaged (activation, with pro-immunity effects). The thesis concludes with discussion of the potential implications of these findings and future work to examine hypotheses generated from this work.
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Hipp, Jenny Christine. "EXAMINATION OF SPEECH AND RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS DURING MODERATE AND HIGH INTENSITY WORK." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1133397318.
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Vaghefi, Negin Gitiban. "The role of innate immunity in protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1138388518.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "Safe Practice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2535.
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Corns, Robert Allan. "An implementation of the ICRP66 respiratory tract model in internal dosimetry." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23993.
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This treatise examines the ICRP's new respiratory tract model and its implementation into G scENMOD, a program that facilitates internal dosimetric calculation for the body. The inclusion of the ICRP66 model into G scENMOD improves the radiation dose estimates to the respiratory tract. The accuracy of this implementation was confirmed by validating G scENMOD's output against results published in ICRP66.
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Oppermann, Rebecca. "Improving Critical Thinking Skills of Undergraduate Respiratory Therapy Students Through the Use of a Student-Developed, Online, Respiratory Disease Management Database." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468942315.
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Biagini, Jocelyn M. "Passive Smoking, Mold Exposure and the Upper Respiratory Health of Infants." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100812854.
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McHenry, Kristen L. "Respiratory Therapists as Physician Extenders: Perceptions of Practitioners and Educators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2542.
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Rankin, Robert. "The cell mediated immune response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287425.
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Patel, Hiren Mahendra. "The biochemical and molecular characterisation of 'Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae' strains from sheep with respiratory disease." Thesis, Kingston University, 2008. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20423/.
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'Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae' is one of the most common species of mycoplasma to be isolated from ovine species presenting with respiratory disease globally and is associated with atypical pneumonia in both sheep and goats. Despite this, little is known in regards to its growth requirements, biochemical characteristics, pathogenicity, survival and molecular variability. The ability of different 'M. ovipneumoniae' strains to grow in various media adaptations, where PPLO broth had been replaced by a vegetable protein source was investigated. It was found that growth yields in TSB-1 medium were comparable to or higher than those seen in Eaton's medium, with yields reaching 10[sup]8 -10[sup]9 cfu ml[sup]-1 within 24hrs, with some strains. The ability of strains to utilise different sugars, alcohols and organic acids was also determined. All strains were classified by their ability to utilise the various different substrates tested at different concentrations. The patterns and kinetics of utilisation were highly variable amongst the strains. The production of H[sub]2O[sub]2 by 30 strains of ‘M. ovipneumoniae’ during the oxidation of NADH and/or [alpha]-GP was investigated. All strains showed NADH oxidation, whilst only 2 strains showed oxidation of both NADH and [alpha]-GP. The rates of NADH and/or [alpha]-GP varied amongst the strains as did the subsequent amount of H[sub]2O[sub]2 produced. This molecular epidemiology of the isolates was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results showed a large degree of genetic heterogeneity both within and between flocks but there was no apparent correlation between method, geographical origin and/or time of isolation. The persistence of ‘M. ovipneumoniae’ field strains was also assessed. The strains survived for longer in broth, regardless of temperature, but were dependent on medium constituents, surviving well in the presence of mucin.
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Delfino, Ralph J. (Ralph John). "The relationship of urgent hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses to air pollution levels in Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41570.
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The relationship between the number of daily hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses and ambient air pollution in Montreal, Canada, was investigated for cold and warm periods between 1983 and 1988. The comprehensive hospital discharge database of the Quebec Ministry of Health and Social Services was used to derive daily counts of hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses, and for certain non-respiratory illnesses not expected to be related to air pollution levels. The reliability of this database was assessed by reviewing 1,270 hospital discharges.Routinely monitored independent variables, derived from various government databases, included temperature, relative humidity, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, coefficient of haze, and measures of particulate pollution, several of which were recorded only every sixth day. To permit a daily time series analysis, levels for the missing 5 days were modelled using meteorologic and other pollutant variables.
To control for confounding by season, the dependent and independent time series were detrended using a weighted 19-day moving average linear filter. To control for confounding by day-of-week cycles, the dependent series were pre-filtered with day-of-week indicator variables.
For the July to August periods, statistically significant relationships were shown for all respiratory admissions to 8-hour maximal average ozone levels 4 days prior to the admission day, relationships which were however confounded by temperature of the same lag day. After controlling for temperature, admissions for asthma, and for respiratory illnesses other than asthma, were significantly associated with particulate levels 2 to 4 days prior to the admission day for the warm but not the cold periods. Stronger associations were found using a filter which did not remove month-to-month temporal trends. A significant correlation of non respiratory admissions to particulate levels on the day of admission was confounded by temperature and relative humidity.
These results suggest that particulate air pollution, possibly acidic, during photochemically active periods is related to respiratory morbidity in Montreal. The effects shown, at levels mostly below current ambient air quality standards in North America, are relevant to public health, since hospital admissions are likely to reflect more frequent episodes of less serious illness.
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Coleman, Colleen. "The Association Between Lead Exposure and Respiratory Health in Children." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2001.
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Purpose: The substantial impact of indoor air quality and environmental hazards in the home on one’s health has long been recognized in the field of public health. This cross-sectional study investigates the risk between home based hazards, specifically lead, and respiratory health in children. The objective of this study is to examine the extent to which children testing positive for blood lead exposure are at an increased risk for having poor respiratory health. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 977 children ages 1- 6 years was obtained from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Information from the demographic, blood lead level, and respiratory health questionnaire databases were combined to assess the impact of lead exposure on respiratory health. Blood lead exposure (BLL) was assessed at the following cut-off values: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10ug/dL. Respiratory health status was dichotomized as good and poor respiratory health based on the study participant’s answers to the questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between blood lead levels and respiratory health status while controlling for the following potential confounders: race, age, sex, and annual family income. Results: This study was unable to establish a relationship between lead exposure and poor respiratory health in children ages 1-6 years, and the lack of relationship held for increasing levels of lead exposure. However, this study did reveal the significant impact of low level lead exposure in children with approximately 77% exposed at BLL ≥ 1ug/dL and 39% at BLL ≥ 2ug/dL. It is important to note that this is only a snapshot of the amount of lead exposure within this population; it is very likely that the levels fluctuate. Conclusion: While the percentage of study population decreases as the lead exposure increases, it is still alarming at the number of children exposed to low levels of lead. A large and growing body of literature documents the adverse health effects associated with low levels of lead exposure in children. This finding further supports the need for continuing research in examining the true impact of low level lead exposure and in determining a threshold dose level. In addition, a stronger study with a larger sample size and a more clearly defined respiratory health variable would allow for the relationship to be more closely examined before a definitive “no association” result can be made.
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Sharma, Alok Kumar. "Studies on the cellular immune responses of lambs to bovine respiratory syncytial virus." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240872.
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Divangahi, Maziar. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection and respiratory muscle weakness : role of cytokines in diaphragm muscle dysfunction." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85903.
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The primary muscle of respiration is the diaphragm. Diaphragm muscle dysfunction and ventilatory pump failure are well documented phenomena in animal models of sepsis. However, the primary cellular mechanisms underlying respiratory muscle dysfunction in sepsis are poorly understood. In addition, most investigations of respiratory muscle dysfunction in sepsis have been performed in models involving high doses of bacterial endotoxin and these investigations have been criticized on the basis of questionable relevance to human sepsis. Therefore, the objective in the first study of this thesis was to study respiratory muscle dysfunction in a more clinically relevant animal model, namely, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection model. Remote inflammatory processes in different diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, sepsis, and cystic fibrosis are known to contribute to muscle wasting and weakness through more widespread systemic effects. In keeping with the above notion, we hypothesized that sustained P. aeruginosa lung infection would cause diaphragmatic and limb muscle weakness. In this thesis, we demonstrate for the first time that persistent pulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa induces significant dose- and time-dependent contractile dysfunction of the diaphragm. By comparison, prototypical slow- and fast-twitch hindlimb muscles were not influenced by pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection.Because skeletal muscles can express a variety of immune modulating molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and major histocompatibility molecules, the objective of the second study in this thesis was to study the possible role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in diaphragm muscle dysfunction in our animal model. Our results indicate for the first time that intra-diaphragmatic pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression (TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-18) is highly up-regulated in infected animals and the magnitude of such upregulation is dependent upon the dose of P. aeruginosa lung infection. Parallel to the absence of muscle contractile dysfunction in hindlimb muscle under the same conditions, P. aeruginosa infection did not alter the levels of pro-inflammatory gene expression within the hindlimb muscle. To further address the involvement of muscle-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines in diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction, we have employed recombinant adenovirus (Ad) as a vehicle for systemic delivery of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, in order to shift the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines within the diaphragm toward a more anti-inflammatory profile. We report here that systemic delivery of Ad-IL-10 suppresses pro-inflammatory gene expression and improves force generating capacity of the diaphragm in P. aeruginosa infected animals. This finding emphasizes the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines as beneficial immune modulators in respiratory muscle failure caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
P. aeruginosa lung infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and many patients with CF have weak peripheral and respiratory muscles. Although the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been extensively studied within the lungs of CF patients, the involvement of these cytokines in skeletal muscle dysfunction in animal models of CF or in human CF patients has not been studied. Therefore, in the third study of this thesis we have used mice sharing the same genetic defect as CF patients (Cftr knockout mice), in combination with our model of P. aeruginosa lung infection, to address several fundamental questions related to muscle function in CF. Our first objective in this portion of the thesis was to determine if diaphragmatic skeletal muscle cells express the CFTR mRNA. Our second objective was to ascertain whether intrinsic differences between CF and wild-type muscle cells could be detected in vitro, which might differentially affect the regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators in the setting of infection/inflammation. Our third objective was to evaluate possible differences in the ability of respiratory muscles to generate force prior to and after P. aeruginosa lung infection in Cftr knockout mice, as compared to their wild-type littermates. Finally, we aimed to determine if the absence of CFTR expression would predispose to muscle dysfunction triggered by up-regulation of intra-diaphragmatic pro-inflammatory gene expression. Our major results indicate that: First, in vitro stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IFN-gamma) and LPS (extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa) triggered increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-2 and KC) in both Cftr -/- and wild-type diaphragmatic myotubes, but the magnitude of cytokine/chemokine upregulation was significantly greater in CF than in wild-type diaphragm muscle cells. Sec
In the final study of this thesis, we sought to test the hypothesis that increased diaphragm muscle activation would lead to increased production of intra-diaphragmatic cytokine expression, since this could possibly explain the greater susceptibility of the diaphragm to express pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection as compared with the hindlimb muscle. To test this hypothesis, we subjected rats to inspiratory resistive loading (IRL), corresponding to 45-50% of the maximum inspiratory pressure, and described that mRNA levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and to a lesser extent, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were all significantly increased in a time-dependent fashion in the diaphragm but not hindlimb muscle (gastrocnemius) of loaded animals. In addition, elevated protein levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 in response to loading were confirmed with immunoblotting and immunostaining. We also detected significant IL-6 protein to be localized inside diaphragmatic muscle fibers of loaded animals. We conclude that increased diaphragm muscle activity during resistive loading induces upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the diaphragm, which could also provide an explanation for the greater cytokine expression observed in the diaphragms of animals with P. aeruginosa lung infection.
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Sasarman, Florin. "Adult mitochrondrial myopathy associated with generalized respiratory chain deficiency : molecular mechanism and genetic basis." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84321.
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Cellular ATP is synthesized by the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, composed of five enzyme complexes (Complexes I--V), which consist collectively of over 80 subunits. The majority of these subunits are encoded by nuclear genes, and 13 of them, by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). OXPHOS deficiencies resulting in mitochondrial disorders can be caused by either nuclear or mitochondrial mutations; however, most pathogenic mutations reported in adults occur in mtDNA. Such mutations often impair mitochondrial translation and are associated with a characteristic muscle pathology consisting of a mosaic pattern of normal fibers interspersed with fibers displaying mitochondrial proliferation and decreased OXPHOS activity. In this thesis, the molecular basis for a severe mitochondrial myopathy in two adult patients was investigated. All patient muscle fibers showed mitochondrial proliferation and barely detectable Complex IV activity (a measure of OXPHOS activity), a pattern never before reported. Biochemical studies demonstrated decreased activities of Complexes I and IV (5% of control) and Complex II+III (41% of control) in patient muscle. Immunoblot analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial subunits of Complexes 1, III and IV showed a greater than 90% decrease in the steady-state level of these subunits in mature muscle, but no change in nuclear-encoded subunits of Complexes II and V. A generalized mitochondrial translation defect was identified by pulse-label experiments in myotubes, but not in myoblasts cultured from both patients. This defect moved with the nucleus in patient cybrid cells. Myoblasts from one patient transplanted into the muscle bed of SCID mice differentiated into mature muscle fibers that displayed a defect similar to that seen in the patient muscle. Mapping of the defective gene in this patient was attempted using a functional complementation approach. Microcell-mediated transfer of mouse chromosomes in patient
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Micallef, Christianne. "Developing a model system for 'Staphylococcus aureus' respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis patients." Thesis, Kingston University, 2008. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20405/.
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For the first time, an in vitro cystic fibrosis (CF) artificial sputum model (ASM) was found to support the growth and survival of a clinical epidemic strain of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSAl6-252). Specific components, which included mucin. DNA and others, were removed from ASM and the physiological impact of this was fully explored using viable counts and light microscopy. As CF patients are known to develop cystic fibrosis-related diabetes or CFRD, glucose was added to ASM (GASM), to explore the physiological impact of glucose on the growth and survival MRSA252. Total RNA was extracted from the corresponding log phases of MRSA252 grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) as a laboratory control, as well as ASM and GASM. RNA was extracted in order to conduct microarray analysis. MRSA252 DNA was used as a control. RNA (from the samples) was labelled with Cy5 and control DNA was labelled with Cy3. Once labelled and amplified, the Cy5/Cy3 mixture was then purified and hybridised onto an array containing seven sequenced S. aureus : genomes (N315, Mu50, MW2, MRSA252, MSSA476, COL and NCTC8325).
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Ryan, Patrick H. "Land-Use Regression Modeling of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Allergic and Respiratory Disease in Children." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1182437289.
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Keene, Shane, Kristen L. McHenry, Randy L. Byington, and Mark Washam. "Respiratory Therapists as Physician Extenders: Perceptions of Practitioners and Educators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2548.
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of practicing respiratory therapists (RT) and respiratory care educators regarding the role of RTs serving as physician extenders. Methods: The survey instrument was an electronic questionnaire that consisted of 17 questions. Participation was voluntary and participants were selected through random and convenience sampling techniques. Results: Of 506 respondents, 234 were respiratory care educators. Overwhelmingly, the respondents held the Registered Respiratory Therapist credential (92.7%). Respondents were about equally split among three education levels: 31.7% associate degree, 31.7% bachelor’s degree, and 27.3% master’s degree. Of the respondents 62.45% had considered pursing a degree in physician assistant (PA). Respondents expressed a preference for an Advanced Practice Respiratory Therapy (APRT) program (77.9%) rather than a PA program. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents reported they felt that a master’s degree should be the minimum level of education for an APRT. Conclusions: This study suggests that practitioners and educators alike are strongly supportive of advanced practice in the profession of respiratory therapy.
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Roberts, Colin Adrian. "Aspects of respiratory function during exercise in the thoroughbred horse in health and disease." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57448/.
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The horse's enormous respiratory reserve enables it to increase the respiratory load on the lungs many fold during exercise, hence low-grade respiratory disease is difficult to detect at rest, although of vital importance during heavy exercise. Diagnostic exercise testing is, therefore, of great interest and this thesis describes its application to the investigation of respiratory disease in the Thoroughbred horse. Horses were exercised on a treadmill whilst respiratory flow rates were recorded using ultrasound flow transducers, respired gas concentrations measured by mass spectrometry and blood gas analysis performed. The exercise test involved a warm up followed by two minute canters/gallops at increasing workloads separated by ten minute walks. Validation studies confirmed the suitability of the methods for these studies. A steady state for respiratory variables was reached by ninety seconds of canter/gallop. The effects of training on exercising respiratory function were investigated by exercise testing horses following a sedentary period and after a fifteen week training programme. State of training did not complicate clinical interpretation of some variables, e.g tidal volume, respiratory frequency and minute ventilation, whilst peak flow rates were stable at the highest workloads. Arterial oxygen tension and blood pH during exercise were affected by training but other blood gas variables and end-tidal gas tensions were not. The effect of influenza on respiratory function was studied by challenging partially immune horses with H3N8 influenza, inducing infection similar to that seen in vaccinated racehorses. Twenty one days after infection most horses showed no changes in respiratory function but 2/9 horses altered breathing strategy during canter and another showed altered acid-base and blood lactate responses. Horses with low-grade respiratory disorders showed differences in respiratory function to the experimental animals but the wide normal range of pulmonary function tests limited their one-off diagnostic value. Serial testing may prove to be a more sensitive method.
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Hurst, Brett L. "Development of Mouse Models for Respiratory and Neurological Disease Caused by Enterovirus D68 and Evaluation of Antiviral Therapies." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7421.
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Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a virus that normally causes disease in children. While this virus typically causes a respiratory infection, in 2014, a large outbreak of the virus was associated with patients that had paralysis of the arms or legs. Even though the virus was discovered in 1962, little was known about the life cycle of the virus or its ability to cause disease. An animal model of disease was needed to understand how the virus causes disease and to develop antiviral compounds to target the virus life cycle.
We adapted the virus by serial-passage in lung tissues from mice deficient in interferon receptors. Using the adapted virus, we established a model of respiratory disease where the virus was able to replicate and cause moderate damage to the lung tissue. We created a separate model of disease where the virus caused paralysis and mortality in infected mice, similar to symptoms seen in infected children. Lastly, we evaluated several antiviral compounds to determine if they were able to protect the mice from virus replication and mortality. Guanidine was able to reduce the amount of virus in each tissue as well as protect mice from paralysis and mortality. In addition, human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG), a mixture of pooled antibodies from human donors, did not reduce the amount of virus in the lungs, but did protect mice from paralysis and mortality.
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Carley, David William. "The stability of respiratory control in man : mathematical and experimental analyses." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17192.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--M.I.T., Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIECNE.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
by David William Carley.
Ph.D.
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Sidani, Souraya 1960. "Effects of sedative music on the respiratory status of clients with chronic obstructive airways diseases." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277959.
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A quasi-experimental, pre-test post-test study was conducted to examine the effects of sedative music on the perception of dyspnea intensity, respiratory rate, pulse rate and oxyhemoglobin saturation level of clients with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD). Data was collected on a convenience sample of 10 subjects who acted as their own control. After a six minutes walk, each subject was randomly exposed to a treatment (listening to music for 20 minutes) and to a control (resting for 20 minutes) situation. A series of paired t-tests was performed to analyze the data. Results indicated that the mean pulse rate and mean respiratory rate were significantly lower after listening to music than after resting only. Correlational analysis indicated that the perceived intensity of dyspnea is positively correlated with pulse and respiratory rates, and negatively correlated with oxygen saturation level. Encouraging clients with COAD to listen to music is a supplemental nursing intervention aiming at reducing dyspnea perception, pulse and respiratory rates.
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Chu, Thi Ha. "Phenotyping of chronic respiratory diseases in the South of Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/288355/4/coverpage.pdf.
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Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) include chronic diseases involving the airways and other structures of the lung. In the current circumstance of Vietnam, people are exposed to numerous risk factors of CRD, such as heavy smoking, high frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic helminthiasis, allergic factors, migration and urbanization (the last associated with traffic-related pollution). The phenotype diagnoses should take into account the risk factors of each individual besides the clinical features, while the differential diagnoses mostly depend on the available techniques in each healthcare center. Our aim was to improve the differential diagnoses of the 3 most frequent CRDs: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and COPD – asthma overlap syndrome (ACOS), in Vietnam. In the first part, we evaluated the prevalence of the allergen sensitization among patients with CRD, in regard to the urban and rural area in the South of Vietnam. House dust mites and cockroach droppings were the most frequent sensitizer. Compared with participants born in the urban setting, those born in the rural environment were less frequently sensitized and this protective effect disappeared in the case of migration from rural to urban areas. In the second part, we evaluated skin prick test as a method to screen dust mite sensitization in CRD in southern Vietnam. The data suggested that, in the present circumstance, skin prick test can be used to screen mite sensitization. In the third part, we evaluated the risk of mite sensitization in the native and migrant population, in regard to several environmental factors. Consistently with the hygiene hypothesis, compared to urban, exposure to high endotoxin concentration in rural was a protective factor against allergic sensitization. We reported for the first time that this effect was reversible among the migrants from rural to urban setting in association with lower endotoxin exposure. In the fourth part, we have defined asthma, COPD and ACOS based on clinical symptoms, cumulative smoking and airway expiratory flow with reversibility, on one side, and the age-related of the different phenotypes, on the other side. We hypothesized that the cumulative exposure to noxious particles should increase the age-related prevalence of COPD, while due to the immunosenescence process, the prevalence of IgE-mediated asthma should decrease with age, and ACOS prevalence being not related to age due to the combined mechanisms. In conclusion, we showed in the South of Vietnam that:1) mites and cockroach allergens were the most frequent sensitizer in chronic respiratory diseases;2) the skin prick test to mite has been validated to screen mite sensitization;3) associated with a reduced level of endotoxin level, migration from rural to the urban setting was a risk factor of mite sensitization in chronic respiratory diseases;4) based on the clinical symptoms, spirometric values, and cumulative smoking, the diagnosis of asthma, COPD and ACOS have been made and their prevalence were 25, 42 and 33%, respectively.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Kuznetsov, Nikita A. "Modulation and Coordination of Respiratory Rhythm with Discrete Finger Movements in Manual Precision Aiming." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291407910.
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Jones, Myra Susan. "Predicting the Use of Personal Respiratory Protection Among Workers in Swine Confinement Buildings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085508230.
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Mayerhofer, Raphaela. "Daratumumab treatment increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infections in multiple myeloma : A systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41517.
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Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the risk of upper respiratory tract infection in multiple myeloma patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy with the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody Daratumumab. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched for publications describing rate of upper respiratory tract infections in multiple myeloma patients treated with Daratumumab. Covidence.org was used as a framework to conduct the evidence synthesis, the statistical calculations were performed in RStudio. Results Patients receiving Daratumumab to treat multiple myeloma are 1.63 times more likely to suffer from upper respiratory tract infections. Conclusion Daratumumab significantly increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infections in multiple myeloma patients. Healthcare providers should be aware of this risk and take appropriate measures to protect and educate multiple myeloma patients undergoing Daratumumab treatment.
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Roof, Clinton. "Qualification and quantification of bacterial pathogen load in acute bovine respiratory disease cases." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11988.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Clinical Sciences
Michael D. Apley
One hundred ninety four steers, bulls, and heifers weighing 182-318 kg were purchased at an Arkansas sale barn and shipped 12 hours to a northern Kansas feedlot. There was no previous history of treatment and the cattle had been delivered to the sale barn within the 24 hour period prior to the sale. The objectives of the study were to evaluate (1) bacterial pathogen isolates in different locations in the respiratory tract, (2) pathogen load in clinically ill and clinically normal calves, and (3) compare histological damage that may be a result of clinical disease. Fifteen calves were identified with signs of acute bovine respiratory disease (BRD) based on clinical score and a minimum rectal temperature of 40° C. An additional 5 calves with no clinical signs and rectal temperatures < 40° C were selected as controls. Cattle were humanely euthanized following recording of antemortem clinical observations. At postmortem, samples for microbiologic and histologic (hematoxylin and eosin stain) analysis were collected from grossly normal and/or consolidated tissue in each lung lobe. Samples were also collected from the tonsils and trachea. Quantification of the BRD pathogens per gram were determined for each positive site and then converted to total counts for each animal. Total colony forming units (CFU) of pathogens in the entire lung for cattle with identified pathogens ranged from 2x10[superscript]7 – 2x10[superscript]8 CFU for Pasturella multocida and 9x10[superscript]6 – 9x10[superscript]8 CFU for Mannheimmia haemolytica. Total visual estimated percent consolidation ranged from 0.0% to 45.0% of the total lung. Isolated pathogens from the upper and lower respiratory tract were compared and showed to have no significant agreement. Histology scores of 0-4 were assigned to the tissue samples and compared to the quantified BRD pathogens to test a possible association between the pathologic process and the total agents in that tissue sample. A significant difference in bacterial counts between histology scores of zero or 1 and a histology score of 4 was observed.
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Selent, Mark. "Acoustic and Respiratory Measures as a Function of Age in the Male Voice." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1401368326.
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