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SUNDARARAJAN, V., T. KORMAN, C. MACISAAC, J. J. PRESNEILL, J. F. CADE, and K. VISVANATHAN. "The microbiology and outcome of sepsis in Victoria, Australia." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 2 (August 19, 2005): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805004796.
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We analysed data from 33741 patients with ICD-10-AM-defined sepsis from an Australian hospital morbidity dataset to investigate the relationships between specific types of organisms, potential risk factors for infection, organ dysfunction, ICU utilization and hospital mortality. A total of 24% of patients received some of their care in an intensive care unit, and the overall hospital mortality rate was 18%. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 27% of cases and Gram-negative bacteria in 20%. Sepsis due to Staphylococcus aureus was associated with vascular and joint devices whereas Pseudomonasaeruginosa and Gram-negative rods were more common with genitourinary devices and lymphoproliferative disease. Sepsis-associated organ dysfunction most commonly involved the respiratory system, followed by the renal and circulatory systems. These patterns may provide useful clues to the pathogenesis and therapy of this often fatal syndrome which is a major ongoing problem for hospitalized patients.
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Starevskaya, S. V., M. M. Goloborodko, O. V. Berleva, S. V. Barashkova, I. Yu Melnikova, V. Yu Detkov, and V. P. Molodtsova. "CONDITION OF RESPIRATORY MUCOSA AT CHILDREN WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov20157188-92.
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42 children with the diseases of respiratory organs complicated by respiratory failure have been examined to determine the nature of inflammatory changes of a tracheobronchial tree and a condition of mucoсiliary system . At children with acute diseases of respiratory organs the neutrophillic inflammation of tracheobronchial tree mucous has been revealed more often, at children with chronic diseases of lungs has been more often noted lymphocytic eosinophilic an inflammation of tracheobronchial tree mucous , obvious thaumatropy and dystrophy of ciliate epithelium. At 10% of children primary motor disturbance of the mucoсiliary system (total immobility of cilia) has been revealed.
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.Aleshkin, A. V., and M. V. Zeigarnik. "Phagotherapy of suppurative-inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs." Infekcionnye bolezni 13, no. 3 (2015): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2015-3-46-53.
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Kamaev, I. A., V. M. Levanov, E. A. Perevezentsev, and O. V. Undalova. "Morbidity of Nizhny Novgorod Region population with respiratory organs diseases." Medical almanac, no. 2 (2017): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2017-2-18-21.
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Filimonov, S. N., N. I. Panev, O. Yu Korotenko, N. A. Evseeva, I. P. Danilov, and O. V. Zatsepina. "Prevalence of somatic pathology in coal mine workers with occupational respiratory diseases." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 6 (July 5, 2019): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-6-381-384.
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Introduction. Th e high level of professional and production-related pathology among workers of the coal industry, as well as the frequent development of their combined pathology with an unfavorable prognosis determine the relevance of studying the prevalence of somatic pathology in miners with occupational diseases of the respiratory system.The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of internal organs pathology in coal industry workers with occupational lung diseases (anthracosilicosis, chronic dust bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).Materials and methods. 788 store miners and shaft sinkers with previously diagnosed occupational respiratory diseases (anthracosilicosis, chronic dust bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and 161 miners, working for a long time in harmful labour conditions and having no occupational pathology (the control group) were examined.Results. It was revealed that the workers of the coal industry with occupational diseases of the respiratory system pathology of internal organs occurs more often than the workers of the control group, including: diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, angina pectoris I and II functional classes), diseases of the digestive system (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (chronic pyelonephritis), as well as a combination of several somatic diseases.Conclusions. In miners with occupational diseases of the respiratory system more oft en than in the control group, there is a pathology of the internal organs: diseases of the cardiovascular system, digestive organs, kidneys, as well as a combination of several somatic diseases. Th e data obtained should be considered during periodic medical examinations and medical examinations for the development of timely therapeutic and preventive and rehabilitation measures.
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Koldibekova, Yu V., Marina A. Zemlyanova, A. M. Ignatova, I. V. Tikhonova, N. I. Markovich, K. V. Chetverkina, and V. M. Ukhabov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK FOR HEALTH DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WHO LIVE IN A TERRITORY OF THE ZONE OF EXPOSURE TO PRODUCTION OF METALLURGICAL ALUMINUM." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-2-135-141.
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Introduction. The atmospheric air is known to be the most contaminated on territories where industries are highly developed; non-ferrous metallurgy is one of them that make the greatest contribution into atmospheric air contamination. Data and methods. Our research objects were air samples taken on territories where there was located an enterprise producing metallurgic aluminum and our reference samples were taken on a territory where there was no such production; we also examined databases containing data on morbidity of children population, non-carcinogenic risk assessment, number of exposed population, and the results of epidemiologic examination. Results. Quality of the atmospheric air was unsatisfactory as there were concentrations of suspended substances, PM10 solid particles, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, as well as persistence occurrence of manganese, nickel, and copper compounds resulted from activities of enterprises that produced metallurgic aluminum. All the above-mentioned admixtures cause an unacceptable risk of non-carcinogenic effects emerging in the respiratory organs. A significant contribution into hazard index is made by suspended substances, PM10 and PM2.5 particles. Fine-dispersed fraction having a complicated chemical structure (ferric oxides; aluminum, silicon, nickel, chromium, titanium, and manganese oxides), can aggravate negative impacts on the respiratory organs, exerted by the identified risk factors. The prevalence of respiratory organs diseases among children population living on an exposed territory confirms environmental risks to make increased levels of the overall and primary morbidity rate. We proved a probability of respiratory organs diseases to be depended on concentrations of the examined substances in the atmosphere, including suspended substances and fine-dispersed fractions of PM10 and PM2.5, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, compounds of nickel, manganese, and copper. Discussion. The detected cause-and-effect relations between a risk of increased morbidity with respiratory organs diseases in children and exposure to chemical risk factors, primarily suspended particles, PM10 and PM2.5, are also confirmed by results obtained in a number of research that concentrates on peculiarities of effects produced by the examined chemical factors on respiratory organs diseases in children. Conclusions. Children living on a territory exposed to the exposure exerted by an enterprise that produces metallurgic aluminum have a chronic aerogenic risk for respiratory organs diseases; this risk becomes apparent due to the elevated morbidity rate of respiratory organs diseases. This risk is proved to be related to impacts exerted by suspended substances and fine-dispersed fractions of PM10 and PM2.5, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, manganese, nickel, and copper.
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Lazic, Sava, Tamas Petrovic, Ivan Pusic, and Maja Velhner. "Most frequent calf diseases in industrial breeding." Veterinarski glasnik 58, no. 1-2 (2004): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0402067l.
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It is possible to conduct an analysis of the incidence of viral diseases in calves if these diseases are divided into two basic groups. One group comprises diseases of respiratory organs which are manifested by symptoms of a respiratory syndrome, and the second group comprises diseases of digestive tract organs in the form of a gastrointestinal syndrome. It is considered that viruses have the dominant role in the complex etiology of the respiratory syndrome, primarily the IBR virus or the Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BHV-1), followed by the parainfluenza 3 virus (RSV), the Bovine Viral Diahrrea Virus (BVDV), the bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), but also other viruses, such as adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, can also influence the appearance of the respiratory syndrome. The respiratory syndrome is rarely caused by a single viral agent, but most frequently by mixed viruses, but also by bacterial infections. Mixed viral infections often have a lethal outcome. Investigations of the etiology of the gastrointestinal syndrome so far indicate that, in addition to bacteria, viruses can also be a significant etiological factor. Rotaviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses parvoviruses, herpesviruses (the IBR virus), pestiviruses (BVDV), can be the causes of a gastrointestinal syndrome. It is believed that viruses can be the cause in about 10% cases in the ethiopathogenesis of this syndrome. The paper describes the etiopathogenesis of calf diseases of viral etiology which are most often found in the local conditions of industrial breeding of calves.
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Koteneva, S. V., A. V. Nefedchenko, T. I. Glotova, and A. G. Glotov. "Role of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in etiology of respiratory diseases on milk farms." Veterinary Science Today 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2021-1-36-38-43.
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Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the etiological agents of respiratory diseases. The agent spreads widely in all the countries with intensive livestock farming and can cause pathologic changes in respiratory system either alone or in combination with other viruses and bacteria. It is a matter of crucial importance to study spread of the agent on large milk farms, to detect it in the internal organs of infected animals, and to quantify virus accumulation in them. The purpose of the research was to study peculiarities of RS infection spread, frequency of the virus detection in biomaterial samples (both alone and in associations with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease viruses (BVDV) and with Pasteurellaceae bacteria) on large milk farms affected by respiratory animal diseases; and to determine virus concentration in the respiratory organs. BRSV alone was reported in 9.2% of the tested biomaterial samples, as associated with IBR and BVDV it was reported in 1.4% and 5.2% of samples, correspondingly. The number of samples containing simultaneously BRSV and Pasteurellaceae bacteria was 10.8%. The virus was reported in a maximum of 26.6% of the tested samples. With the help of real-time PCR the virus genome was detected in lungs (13.1%), in exudate from trachea, bronchi and nasal sinuses (6.0%), in nasal discharge (4.0%) and in bronchi (1.7%). The virus was seldom detected in trachea and bronchial mucosa (1.1%) and in pulmonary lymph nodes (0.8%). Quantification of BRSV RNA demonstrated that maximum virus accumulation was observed in lungs and nasal charges and it confirms data on its tropism to pulmonary interstitium.
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Gordeeva, M. V., M. N. Lyapin, and T. A. Kostyukova. "Means of Respiratory Organs Protection for Work with Agents of Infectious Diseases." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 4 (January 19, 2020): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2019-4-6-16.
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Campbell, Angela P., Constance Ogokeh, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Julie A. Boom, Janet A. Englund, John V. Williams, Natasha B. Halasa, et al. "Effect of Vaccination on Preventing Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children During a Severe Season Associated With B/Victoria Viruses, 2019–2020." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): e947-e954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab060.
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Abstract Background The 2019–2020 influenza season was characterized by early onset with B/Victoria followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Emergence of new B/Victoria viruses raised concerns about possible vaccine mismatch. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits among children in the United States. Methods We assessed VE among children aged 6 months–17 years with acute respiratory illness and ≤10 days of symptoms enrolled at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Combined midturbinate/throat swabs were tested for influenza virus using molecular assays. Vaccination history was collected from parental report, state immunization information systems, and/or provider records. We estimated VE from a test-negative design using logistic regression to compare odds of vaccination among children testing positive vs negative for influenza. Results Among 2029 inpatients, 335 (17%) were influenza positive: 37% with influenza B/Victoria alone and 44% with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 alone. VE was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52%–71%) for influenza-related hospitalizations, 54% (95% CI, 33%–69%) for B/Victoria viruses, and 64% (95% CI, 49%–75%) for A(H1N1)pdm09. Among 2102 ED patients, 671 (32%) were influenza positive: 47% with influenza B/Victoria alone and 42% with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 alone. VE was 56% (95% CI, 46%–65%) for an influenza-related ED visit, 55% (95% CI, 40%–66%) for B/Victoria viruses, and 53% (95% CI, 37%–65%) for A(H1N1)pdm09. Conclusions Influenza vaccination provided significant protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations and ED visits associated with the 2 predominantly circulating influenza viruses among children, including against the emerging B/Victoria virus subclade.
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Samorodov, N. A., E. G. Sokolovich, Zh Kh Sabanchieva, and A. L. Deshev. "The Prevalence of Congenital Malformations and Anomalies of the Chest Organs and Systems among Adult Population of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 100, no. 8 (September 10, 2022): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2022-100-8-37-42.
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The objective: to assess the prevalence and structure of congenital malformations and anomalies of the chest organs and systems among adult population of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.Subjects. 1,729 patients with suspected respiratory tuberculosis examined from 2016 to 2021 inclusive in Differential Diagnostic Department of TB Dispensary by the Ministry of Health of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.Results. In 89 (5.1%) patients, congenital anomalies and malformations of the chest organs and systems were detected, 42/89 (47.2%) had one more concurrent respiratory pathology; oncological diseases (42.9%) and respiratory tuberculosis (23.8%) prevailed. In patients with malformations of the musculoskeletal system of the chest organs, tuberculosis was more often detected, oncological diseases were equally frequent in patients with malformations of the musculoskeletal system and mediastinum.
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Garipova, R. V., and Z. M. Berkheeva. "Occupational pathology of respiratory organs in health care workers: issues of timely diagnosis." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-2-89-92.
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Introduction. In the structure of occupational diseases of medical workers, respiratory pathology occupies a leading place, accounting for 60% in the Republic of Tatarstan. The most common are diseases from exposure to infectious agents in the form of various forms of respiratory tuberculosis. Most often, an infiltrative form is diagnosed, accompanied in 48.6% of cases by bacilli discharge.The aim of the study is to explore the structure of occupational respiratory diseases in workers of the healthcare industry of the Republic of Tatarstan, to identify factors that affect their early diagnosis during medical examinations.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of cases of occupational respiratory diseases in health care workers according to the office of Rospotrebnadzor of the Republic of Tatarstan and the register of patients of the Republican Center of Occupational Pathology.Results. In the structure of occupational diseases of the respiratory system, the leading place is occupied by pulmonary tuberculosis, amounting to 86%, followed by bronchial asthma–8%, chronic toxic bronchitis–4% and subatrophic rhinopharyngolaryngitis–2%. Analysis of cases of occupational respiratory pathology showed that only tuberculosis was detected during periodic medical examinations. Other respiratory diseases were diagnosed by applying for medical care, when there was a pronounced negative trend and when the disease was initially associated with the profession, we had to talk about sending it to the Bureau of medical and social expertise.Conclusions. Early diagnosis of occupational respiratory diseases of allergic etiology and toxic respiratory lesions in medical workers at periodic medical examinations can be achieved by the quality of a special assessment of working conditions due to the mandatory assessment of the chemical factor-contact with allergens, antitumor drugs, hormones, enzymes of microbial origin, narcotic analgesics, regardless of the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area. It is also necessary to take into account the presence of substances with an acute irritant effect.
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Chunxi, Li, Liu Haiyue, Lin Yanxia, Pan Jianbing, and Su Jin. "The Gut Microbiota and Respiratory Diseases: New Evidence." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (July 31, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2340670.
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Human body surfaces, such as the skin, intestines, and respiratory and urogenital tracts, are colonized by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with the gut being the most densely and extensively colonized organ. The microbiome plays an essential role in immune system development and tissue homeostasis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis not only modulates the immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but also impacts the immunity of distal organs, such as the lung, further affecting lung health and respiratory diseases. Here, we review the recent evidence of the correlations and underlying mechanisms of the relationship between the gut microbiota and common respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), lung cancer, and respiratory infection, and probiotic development as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
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Druce, Julian, Thomas Tran, Heath Kelly, Matthew Kaye, Doris Chibo, Renata Kostecki, Abdul Amiri, Mike Catton, and Chris Birch. "Laboratory diagnosis and surveillance of human respiratory viruses by PCR in Victoria, Australia, 2002-2003." Journal of Medical Virology 75, no. 1 (2004): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.20246.
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Sorkina, N. S., L. P. Kuzmina, L. V. Artemova, and L. M. Bezrukavnikova. "Issues of the effects of lead on circulatory and respiratory diseases." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 12 (December 25, 2019): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-12-983-988.
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Introduction. At the present economic stage of development of the industry there is a technological modernization of productions, decrease in operating concentrations of chemical substances in this connection reduction of frequency of occurrence of classical forms of intoxications is observed. Th is applies to the lead, occupying the leading position among industrial and environmental contaminants, which has one of the highest indexes of technological social and environmental significance.The aim of the study was to assess the impact of metal (lead) as a trigger of various nosological forms of diseases of the circulatory and respiratory organs.Materials and methods. Clinical and functional, laboratory examinations of 130 persons were carried out: among them 90 employees of the plant for the processing of lead batteries and cables. Th e comparison group included workers who had no contact with lead (40 people), comparable in age and experience.Results. Analysis of the structure of non-professional diseases of internal organs showed that the leading place is occupied by diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract (58% and 26%), circulatory organs (40%).Conclusions. Th e results of the clinical and laboratory examination of workers of the lead batt ery recycling plant indicate the importance of combined exposure to lead as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, pathology of the upper and lower respiratory tract.
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Wu, Jin-nan, Jian-rong Chen, and Jin-liang Chen. "Role of Farnesoid X Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Diseases." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9137251.
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Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid receptor encoded by the Nr1h4 gene. FXR plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the internal environment and the integrity of many organs, including the liver and intestines. The expression of FXR in nondigestible tissues other than in the liver and small intestine is known as the expression of “nonclassical” bile acid target organs, such as blood vessels and lungs. In recent years, several studies have shown that FXR is widely involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, a number of works have confirmed that FXR can regulate the bile acid metabolism in the body and exert its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in the airways and lungs. In addition, FXR may be used as a potential therapeutic target for some respiratory diseases. For example, FXR can regulate the tumor microenvironment by regulating the balance of inflammatory and immune responses in the body to promote the occurrence and development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), thereby being considered a potential target for immunotherapy of NSCLC. In this article, we provide an overview of the internal relationship between FXR and respiratory diseases to track the progress that has been achieved thus far in this direction and suggest potential therapeutic prospects of FXR in respiratory diseases.
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Radtsig, Ye Yu, N. V. Yermilova, L. V. Malygina, О. V. Bugaichuk, and Ye P. Sel’kova. "Causal Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases of ENT organs — Complications of Acute Respiratory Infection." Current Pediatrics 13, no. 6 (December 20, 2014): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v13i6.1210.
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Mazitova, N. N., N. K. Amirov, and Z. M. Berkheeva. "Professional diseases of respiratory organs as a result of influence of industrial aerosols." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 1 (January 15, 1999): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj65081.
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The peculiarities of the course of professional diseases of respiratory organs depending on a living place of workers after stopping contact with dust are analyzed. Persons subjected to the action of industrial aerosols and living in the provinces fall ill with pneumoconioses earlier than persons living in the capital of the Republic. The following course of pneumoconioses is also less favourable because of early addition of complications: chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis. The recommendation of the life observation of the state and health of workers having contact with highly fibrogenous dust is justified.
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Bazarova, E. L., N. A. Roslaya, and I. S. Osherov. "Prevalence of diseases caused by oils depending on exposure and age." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-554-555.
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The prevalence of respiratory, digestive, skin, endocrine system diseases, increased body weight and blood pressure, blood changes was found to be higher in oil workers under harmful working conditions than in acceptable ones. In 18-25 years the prevalence of diseases of respiratory organs, skin, musculoskeletal system, neoplasms, increased body weight and blood pressure was found to be higher than in the control.
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Makovetskaya, G. A., V. V. Zhestkova, and T. L. Kuznetsova. "Efficiency of the irs-19 aerosol vaccine in children with relapsing diseases of upper respiratory tract." Kazan medical journal 82, no. 1 (August 13, 2021): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70881.
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The use of the IRS-19 aerosol vaccine results in decreasing of the rate of the infectious diseases of otorhinolaryngologic organs in children suffering from adenoids, sinusitis, complications of acute respiratory diseases.
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Amirov, N. B., N. V. Pigalova, A. P. Pigalov, T. M. Muravyeva, A. K. Mazitova, T. N. Tokareva, Z. R. Nasybullina, N. P. Minabutdinova, and Е. I. Nikonova. "Dynamics of the incidence of internal organ diseases in adult population in kazan." Kazan medical journal 80, no. 6 (November 15, 1999): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70598.
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The dynamics of the disease incidence indices in adult population for 1992 to 1997 is analyzed. The growth of the incidence of internal organs diseases and the tendency to increasing the rate of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diseases of stomach and respiratory organs are noted, the demand for specialized services, diagnostic and medical provision increases. The necessity to form complex medicosocial and economic measures directed to decreasing negative tendencies in health of the population in Kazan is noted.
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Voronina, T. A. "Antioxidants/antihypoxants: the missing puzzle piece in effective pathogenetic therapy for COVID-19." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 2 (2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-2-97-102.
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This review focuses on the specific characteristics of COVID-19 disease, which leads not only to respiratory impairments (bronchoalveolar epithelium does not retain oxygen, etc.), but also decreases the level of hemoglobin and its ability to transfer oxygen to the organs and tissues and increases the level of heme, resulting in anoxemia, hypoxia in all organs and tissues, and oxidative stress. Mexidol, a drug developed in Russia, is widely used in clinical practice, including the treatment of diseases accompanied by ischemia and hypoxia. Mexidol has antihypoxic and antioxidant effects, can treat mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, thereby affecting the key processes in different cells of organs and tissues that develop due to hypoxia. Mexidol can be useful in the comprehensive therapy of patients with COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19, antioxidant, antihypoxant, hemoglobin, hypoxia, Mexidol, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress
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Trukhan, D. I. "New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and respiratory diseases / pathological conditions." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council 16, no. 18 (October 15, 2022): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-18-154-161.
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The respiratory system is the main target of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID19) spread by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The interim guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation “Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)” (14th version of December 27, 2021) discuss pneumonia in COVID-19 in detail. The issues of the course of other respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, bronchial asthma) are considered in them very briefly. Other diseases and pathological conditions of the respiratory organs are ignored. The federal clinical guidelines Bronchial Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults published in 2021 do not discuss the course of these diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A search was made for literature on the association of major diseases and pathological conditions of the respiratory organs with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the electronic search engines PubMed and Scopus. The literature sources found indicate that the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 certainly has a specific, often negative, effect on the respiratory system as a whole, and in particular, on certain respiratory diseases and pathological conditions. However, this influence is sometimes ambiguous. Thus, patients with COPD, along with patients with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, belong to a vulnerable group of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there was a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations of COPD during the pandemic, especially hospitalizations. due to severe exacerbations. A number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews have shown that the risk of contracting COVID-19 in people with asthma is lower than in people without asthma. There is no association between asthma and a more severe course and worse prognosis of COVID-19. The relationship of diseases/pathological conditions of the respiratory system and COVID-19, therefore, requires further study and clarification.
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Kovaleva, Alina S., Igor V. Bukhtiyarov, Natalya S. Serova, and Tatyana B. Burmistrova. "Computed tomography in diagnosis of silicosis." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 12 (February 15, 2019): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-12-39-41.
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Respiratory system diseases are one of the main problems in contemporary occupational medicine and exceed one fifth of all occupational diseases. Objective of the review was search and analysis of literature on diagnosis of silicosis as an important occupational disease of respiratory organs, by computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography, from evidence-based medicine viewpoint.
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Bobyleva, E. S., A. Yu Gorbunov, O. I. Starodubtsevа, and Ya M. Vakhrushev. "THE MEDIC-STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTIC INCIDENCE OF PNEUMONIA IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 8, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-67042018-8-6-438-443.
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The Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an urgent problem of modern medicine owing to its high prevalence, gravity of a current, the increasing resistance of a microflora to antibacterial therapy, a large number of complications and a high lethality. Udmurt republic is one of leaders among the regions of Russian Federation on morbidity by diseases of the respiratory system, include CAP. It is therefore necessary to take analysis and prognosis incidence for the future improving quality administer. Research objective. The analysis of incidence and mortality from diseases of respiratory organs in the Udmurt Republic for 2009-2016. Materials and methods. The retrospective and prospection clinical-epidemiological research of prevalence and primary incidence of diseases of respiratory organs among the adult population of the Udmurt Republic living in 4 cities is conducted (Izhevsk, Sarapul, Glazov, Votkinsk) and 25 rural areas for the 8-summer period (2009-2016). The analysis is carried out on the basis of data of the state statistical registration and reporting documentation of Budgetary institution of health care of the Udmurt Republic «Republican medical information and analysis center of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic». Results of a research. The prevalence of diseases of respiratory organs in the Udmurt Republic was 49871,39±1,33 on 100 thousand population. The average growth rate was 2,3%, and the average rate o f a gain was — 0,25%. In comparison with data for the same period to the Russian Federation, average growth rate the average rate of a gain — 5,48% was 1,7%, and that demonstrates some decrease in incidence. In the analysis of structure of incidence of diseases of respiratory organs of the population of the Udmurt Republic it is established that she throughout the entire period of observation significantly hasn’t changed. At the same time annually, leading places are taken by pneumonia and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Estimating the level of primary incidence of diseases of respiratory organs, it is noted that on UR the average growth rate is 105,42%, the average rate of a gain of 5,42%, in comparison across the Russian Federation average growth rate of 87,07%, and the average rate of a gain — 12,93%. Conclusion. Thus, to UR, as well as in general across the Russian Federation steadily high incidence of pneumonia is noted. At the same time the tendency to increase in incidence and this pathology mortality is noted. This circumstance demands further studying of a problem of pneumonia, including improvement of methods of medical correction.
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Sukhova, Anna V., E. A. Preobrazhenskaya, A. V. Il’Nitskaya, and V. A. Kir’Yakov. "THE HEALTH OF WORKERS OF CONCENTRATING MILLS BY MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS AND PREVENTION MEASURES." Health Care of the Russian Federation 61, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2017-61-4-196-201.
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The article presents the results of study of factors of occupational risk for health of workers of ore-dressing factories. At ore-dressing factories, despite of implementing new technological processes and modern equipment, leading role of noise factor and pollution of air of working zone with aerosols predominantly of fibrogenic effect is preserved. for workers of ore-dressing factories a high degree of industrial conditioning of diseases of blood circulation organs, respiratory organs, bone muscular system, INT organs is specific. The structure of occupational diseases is formed by dust diseases of lungs and occupational pathology of organ of hearing. The complex of preventive measures is developed and ways of their implementation are proposed targeted to supporting health of workers opf ore-dressing factories and preventing development of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases.
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Kaptsov, V. A., and A. V. Chirkin. "ABOUT EFFICIENCY OF INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS AS PROPHYLACTICS OF DISEASES (REVIEW)." Toxicological Review, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2018-2-2-6.
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The review of publications evaluating the effectiveness of personal respiratory protection (RPE) as means of reducing morbidity (occupational and morbidity with temporary loss of ability to work) and indicators of the degree of purification of the inhaled air is presented. It is revealed that with a high degree of probability, systematic studies in this field were not carried out and that in some cases the effectiveness was overestimated by incorrect justification.
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MIZUTA, K., T. ITAGAKI, C. ABIKO, T. MURATA, T. TAKAHASHI, and S. MURAYAMA. "Epidemics of two Victoria and Yamagata influenza B lineages in Yamagata, Japan." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 4 (July 9, 2004): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002237.
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We attempted to predict epidemics of influenza B, focusing on B/Victoria/2/87-like (V) and B/Yamagata/16/88-like (Y) lineages, in Yamagata, Japan. We collected 9624 nasopharyngeal swabs for virus isolation from patients with respiratory infections between 1996 and 2003 and 237 sera for seroepidemiological analysis by haemagglutination–inhibition test in 2001. We isolated 424 V-lineage and 246 Y-lineage viruses during the study period. Three herald viruses in the 2000–2001 season enabled us to predict a V-lineage epidemic in the following season. However, another V-lineage epidemic occurred in the 2002–2003 season, although we caught four herald Y-lineage viruses, whose antigenic drift was suggested by seroepidemiological study, at the end of the previous season. Since the epidemiology of the two influenza B lineages remains unclear, a careful watch should be kept on these lineages in order to provide effective public-health strategies against future epidemics.
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Prudnikov, V. S., S. P. German, E. I. Bolshakova, and M. V. Al Tall. "PATHOMORPHOLOGY, DIAGNOSTICS AND SPECIFIC PREVENTION OF VIRAL RESPIRATORY AND ABOMASOENTERITIC INFECTIONS IN CALVES." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 57, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2021-57-1-50-53.
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Viral diseases in calves are common and often occur in associations. Pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues at viral infections allow making a preliminary nosological diagnosis and develop therapeutic and preventive measures to eliminate diseases. A single immunization of cows with a live-virus vaccine by the “carpet method” prevents the infection of calves in utero, and increases the safety rate of newborn calves.
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Rahman, Muhammad Anas Wildanu, Chairul Anwar Nidom, and Setya Budhi. "An Exploratory Study in the indonesian Archipelago: Are There Influenza B Virus (B-Victoria Sub-Type) in the Bat's Respiratory Organs?" Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 9 (2019): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02672.x.
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Ластовецкий, A. Lastovetskiy, Андреева, Yu Andreeva, Хромушин, Viktor Khromushin, Хадарцев, and Aleksandr Khadartsev. "Mortality asessment in the Tula region." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5611.
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The article analyzes 183924 case of death of the population in the Tula region from the mortality register from 2007 to 2013. Quantitative assessment of mortality as a percentage of the total number of cases for blocks of three-digit rubric of ICD-X shows that coronary heart disease is 31,507%, cerebrovascular disease – 22,710%, malignant neoplasms of digestive organs – 5,336%, other heart disease – 3,686, liver disease – 2,848%, diabetes – 2,658%, malignant neoplasms, respiratory organs and thorax cells – 2,607%, toxic substances, mainly non-medical purposes (including alcohol) – 2,252%, other and unspecified effects of external causes – 2,069%, chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract – 1,870%.It is shown that ischemic heart disease was increased until 2010 and thereafter began to decline, reaching approximately the initial level. It is noted that cerebrovascular diseases decrease every year, and malignant neoplasms of digestive organs increase. Coronary
heart disease for men is different from women significantly fewer and increased mortality in the age groups 45- 54, 55-64 and 65-74.
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Zaidov, E. Ya. "The Prevalence and Structure of ENT Diseases in Children." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.01.197.
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The purpose of the study was to analyze information on the structure and prevalence of ENT diseases in children. Materials and methods. For the analysis of morbidity, the structure of diseases, long-term morbidity, its trends and periodicity were assessed. The intensity and dynamics of the epidemic process of diseases of the upper respiratory tract were studied. According to the developed questionnaire, an anamnesis was collected, the conditions and place of residence, the frequency of visits to medical institutions, the level of medical care provided, the presence of diseases of the ENT organs and other organs and systems of the body were clarified. A detailed statistical analysis of the structure and prevalence of diseases of the ENT organs was carried out according to the extract from the case histories of patients in the ENT departments of the clinical hospital during 2015-2019. The bulk of the examined children were aged 4-7 years (40.0%) and 8-14 years (60.0%). Results and discussion. Angina and chronic tonsillitis can be a common reason for the high incidence of various forms of infectious heart disease and cardiomyopathies. The transnasal route of penetration provides the damaging effect of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the ENT organs. In the study of the structure of the incidence of ENT organs for the period from 2015 to 2019 on the basis of specialized medical institutions and ENT departments, we found that the largest nosological group is diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, an average of 55.7%, which corresponds to the data of international literary sources. In second place in terms of frequency of occurrence is ear pathology – an average of 37.5%. Diseases of the pharynx and larynx are in third place in terms of general ENT morbidity, on average 6.9%. In the structure of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, on average for 5 years, purulent diseases of the paranasal sinuses prevail: acute sinusitis 20.7% and chronic sinusitis 7.8%. Conclusion. When studying the incidence of the upper respiratory tract and ear according to statistical data, reflecting the main indicators of the health of the child population of the country aged 4 to 14 years, it was found that diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses have the largest share in the structure of the incidence of children. The share of chronic ear diseases in the structure of the total morbidity is 37.5±1.2%, while there is a tendency to increase in prevalence in the first four years
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Tikhonova, I. V., M. A. Zemlyanova, Yu V. Kol'dibekova, E. V. Peskova, and A. M. Ignatova. "Hygienic assessment of aerogenic exposure to particulate matter and its impacts on morbidity with respiratory diseases among children living in a zone influenced by emissions from metallurgic production." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.07.
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At present an outstanding task is to concentrate on chemical and fractional structure when examining and assessing influence exerted by particulate matter on morbidity among children. The main goal of any such research is to prevent negative effects produced on the respiratory organs. Our research objects were ambient air in residential areas contaminated with particulate matter that were components in emissions from non-ferrous metallurgic enterprises (the test territory) and ambient air in residential areas free of such contamination; morbidity among children was also given our attention. Our assessment of ambient air quality as per РМ10 and РМ2.5 contents revealed they exceeded the standards recommended by the WHO and were by 1.4 times higher than recommended MPCa.d. Respirable fraction of particulate matter tends to have complicated chemical structure and contains metals that are specific for emissions from metallurgic enterprises such as nickel, copper, iron, aluminum, titanium, gallium, and neodymium. The latter can enhance negative effects produced by particulate matter on the respiratory organs. Epidemiologic assessment in a contaminated zone (the test territory) allowed establishing 1.8 times higher general and primary morbidity as per respiratory organs diseases than on the reference territory; it was even up to 14.8 times higher as per specific nosologies such as chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids, asthma, and status asthmaticus. We also established authentic dependence between probability of respiratory diseases and elevated concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air. Results of the proven dependence allow predicting up to 500/1000 additional respiratory diseases cases per year on the test territory; all these additional morbidity cases among children are associated with aerogenic exposure to particulate matter.
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Tikhonova, I. V., M. A. Zemlyanova, Yu V. Kol'dibekova, E. V. Peskova, and A. M. Ignatova. "Hygienic assessment of aerogenic exposure to particulate matter and its impacts on morbidity with respiratory diseases among children living in a zone influenced by emissions from metallurgic production." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.07.eng.
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At present an outstanding task is to concentrate on chemical and fractional structure when examining and assessing influence exerted by particulate matter on morbidity among children. The main goal of any such research is to prevent negative effects produced on the respiratory organs. Our research objects were ambient air in residential areas contaminated with particulate matter that were components in emissions from non-ferrous metallurgic enterprises (the test territory) and ambient air in residential areas free of such contamination; morbidity among children was also given our attention. Our assessment of ambient air quality as per РМ10 and РМ2.5 contents revealed they exceeded the standards recommended by the WHO and were by 1.4 times higher than recommended MPCa.d. Respirable fraction of particulate matter tends to have complicated chemical structure and contains metals that are specific for emissions from metallurgic enterprises such as nickel, copper, iron, aluminum, titanium, gallium, and neodymium. The latter can enhance negative effects produced by particulate matter on the respiratory organs. Epidemiologic assessment in a contaminated zone (the test territory) allowed establishing 1.8 times higher general and primary morbidity as per respiratory organs diseases than on the reference territory; it was even up to 14.8 times higher as per specific nosologies such as chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids, asthma, and status asthmaticus. We also established authentic dependence between probability of respiratory diseases and elevated concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air. Results of the proven dependence allow predicting up to 500/1000 additional respiratory diseases cases per year on the test territory; all these additional morbidity cases among children are associated with aerogenic exposure to particulate matter.
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Карrаnоv, S. V., and I. V. Koktyshev. "THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION OF DISEASES OТ THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS." Medical Herald of the South of Russia 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2017-8-3-38-45.
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Gurov, A. V., and M. A. Yushkina. "Adequate mucociliary clearance as a factor in the prevention and control of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 6 (May 12, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-6-29-34.
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Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs are an urgent problem of modern clinical medicine. The high prevalence of this pathology is due to the active effect of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the increasing role of opportunistic and atypical microorganisms in the genesis of infection of the upper respiratory tract, as well as disorders in the mucociliary clearance. Limitations in the mobility of cilia of ciliated cells, as well as their partial or complete absence, a change in the composition of mucous secretions and a slowdown in the speed of mucus movement are the mechanisms that determine the possibility of an acute inflammation focus on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and also increase the risk of developing chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. The accumulated data on the peculiarities of the existence of microbial biocenoses in the human body, as well as the steady widespread growth of the problem of antibiotic resistance, dictate the need to search for new solutions in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs. A well-established principle of therapy for such conditions is the topical use of combined drugs that combine mucolytic and antibacterial components that actively affect the main links in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. These tasks are most effectively solved by the drug, which contains the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, which potentiates the effect of another component – the antibiotic thiamphenicol. An important aspect in favor of choosing this drug as a monotherapy or combination therapy for purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is a convenient form of release for aerosol administration.
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Svistushkin, V. M., G. N. Nikiforova, D. M. Pshonkina, and O. Yu Karpovа. "The relevance of the application mukoactive preparations in patients with inflammatory pathology of ent organs." Medical Council, no. 20 (November 14, 2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-20-65-69.
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The mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is the first line of protection of the human body from various damaging agents. This function is provided by mucociliary clearance and its component by mucociliary transport. Optimum work of ciliated epithelium is possible only with normal rheology of mucous secretion - viscosity, elasticity, adhesiveness. The development of mucociliary dysfunction is the main pathogenetic mechanism of almost all inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract and middle ear. The main areas of treatment for patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract and ear are evacuation of the pathological secretion, restoration of the synthesis of physiological mucus and a positive effect on the restructuring of the respiratory epithelium. The effectiveness of a mucoactive drug is determined by its ability to directly affect several components of mucociliary clearance - regulation of viscosity and secretion composition, its formation processes and evacuation rate. These characteristics correspond to carbocysteine.
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Abd Al-Hussan, Ghofran Filiah, Wafaa Hadi AL-Hashemi, Waleed Jaleel abed AL-Kelaby, and Mohummed E. Mansur. "Morphological and histological study of respiratory system of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Bionatura 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.6.
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The rabbits are considered small mammals that had, in comparison to big animals, they have a high metabolic rate and oxygen requirement. Because the larynx is located at a high angle to the oropharynx, it may immediately access the nasopharynx of rabbits categorized as nose breathers. The lungs were symmetrical in size, with the right lung being more prominent than the left and situated at the trachea's bottom. The trachea is located between the left and right bronchus. Twenty rabbits were transported to the laboratory, and by the appropriate laboratory, the instrument opened the thoracic cavity, and also the organs were filmed while the respiratory organs were removed. Due to the heart interposition and its left deviation, the left lung in rabbits is smaller than the right lung, which has just three lobes. The lungs also lack septa. The trachea is separated into two bronchi, the last of which is branched into tiny bronchioles. Achieve a histological and morphological description of rabbits' respiratory tract because the rabbits are valuable models in respiratory research due to their respiratory hyperresponsiveness, which resembles asthma in humans. The larynx is located lower than the oropharynx, where it may directly access the nasopharynx, and the rabbits are nasal breathers. The primary respiratory organs of rabbits are the left and right lung, trachea and bronchi, as in humans and rats. Still, it is supported by double cartilage in the conducting portion of the respiratory system. Keywords. Respiratory system, Oryctolagus cuniculus.
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ZENG, X. J., Y. LIN, Y. B. ZHAO, C. P. LU, and Y. J. LIU. "Experimental infection of dogs with H3N2 canine influenza virus from China." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 12 (March 19, 2013): 2595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000472.
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SUMMARYCanine influenza virus (CIV) is an emerging pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of A/canine/Jiangsu/06/2010 (H3N2) virus isolated in China. Nine dogs were inoculated intranasally with 107·95 of 50% egg infectious dose (EID50) of the virus. The onset of clinical signs and virus shedding was observed on day 1 post-infection (p.i.). The peak clinical score occurred between days 4 and 6 p.i. The experimentally infected dogs were found to shed virus not only via the respiratory tract but also via the digestive tract. Viral RNA could be detected in multiple organs including the trachea, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain and duodenum. All the sampled organs from infected dogs showed significant lesions and viral antigen staining. The results differed from those reporting using previous CIV strains; the Chinese isolate could induce extrapulmonary infection and cause extensive lesions in dogs.
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Cartner, Samuel C., J. Russell Lindsey, Julie Gibbs-Erwin, Gail H. Cassell, and Jerry W. Simecka. "Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Respiratory Mycoplasmosis." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 3485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.8.3485-3491.1998.
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ABSTRACT Current evidence suggests that host defense in respiratory mycoplasmosis is dependent on both innate and humoral immunity. To further delineate the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in antimycoplasmal defenses, we intranasally infected C3H/HeSnJ-scid/scid (C3H-SCID), C3H/HeSnJ (C3H), C57BL/6J-scid/scid (C57-SCID), and C57BL/6N (C57BL) mice with Mycoplasma pulmonis and at 14 and 21 days postinfection performed quantitative cultures of lungs and spleens, quantification of lung lesions, and histopathologic assessments of all other major organs. We found that numbers of mycoplasmas in lungs were associated with genetic background (C3H susceptible, C57BL resistant) rather than functional state of adaptive immunity, indicating that innate immunity is the main contributor to antimycoplasmal defense of the lungs. Extrapulmonary dissemination of mycoplasmas with colonization of spleens and histologic lesions in multiple organs was a common occurrence in all mice. The absence of adaptive immune responses in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice resulted in increased mycoplasmal colonization of spleens and lesions in extrapulmonary sites, particularly spleens, hearts, and joints, and also reduced lung lesion severity. The transfer of anti-M. pulmonis serum to infected C3H-SCID mice prevented extrapulmonary infection and disease, while the severity of lung lesions was restored by transfer of naive spleen cells to infected C3H-SCID mice. Collectively, our results strongly support the conclusions that innate immunity provides antimycoplasmal defense of the lungs and humoral immunity has the major role in defense against systemic dissemination of mycoplasmal infection, but cellular immune responses may be important in exacerbation of mycoplasmal lung disease.
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Chernykh, I. A., E. V. Lind, and E. A. Udaltsov. "Reducing worker exposure to dust in surface coal mining." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3 (May 18, 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-3-42-48.
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Due to the technological features of open-cast mining of coal deposits, the prevention of occupational diseases of miners is relevant. Dust factor remains the leading among the unfavorable harmful and hazardous factors of the working environment in open coal mining. Regular exposure of the human body to dust leads to the development of dust pathology of the respiratory organs. Widespread diseases among quarry workers are different types of pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis. All technological operations in the coal mine are accompanied by formation of dust, but the priority area sources of emissions of polluting solids are quarry roads. As a result of the complex analysis the method of dust suppression at the considered site of open-cast mining works for reduction of risks of development of a professional dust pathology of respiratory organs of workers is offered.
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Ibrayeva, L. K., D. Kh Rybalkina, O. A. Evmenova, F. M. Turdaly, and Zh T. Ibragim. "D-hypovitaminosis in working age patients with diseases of the respiratory organs: the risks and prevention." PULMONOLOGIYA 32, no. 6 (December 11, 2022): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-6-891-898.
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D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population is quite common in industrialized countries, especially when it comes to patients with chronic diseases, including respiratory ones. The role of vitamin D in calcium and bone homeostasis is well known. In recent years, vitamin D has been recognized to modulate many processes and regulatory systems involved in the immune response and reparative processes, in addition to the classic function of this vitamin. Aim. A review of the prevalence of D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population with respiratory diseases was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov databases for 2014 - 2019. Results. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that low serum vitamin D is associated with impaired lung function, an increase in the incidence of inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic diseases, which include asthma, COPD, and cancer. Conclusion. Knowledge of direct pathogenetic relationships between vitamin D levels and lung diseases is currently limited, although there is a number of studies that highlight the relevance of this relationship. A number of studies are contradictory in their results, which requires further study of the role of vitamin D levels in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and the need for its inclusion in the essential therapy to improve the effectiveness of treatment and accuracy of the prognosis. However, large-scale screening studies of vitamin D level for the purpose of its correction are costly, even with a single measurement.
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Dale, K., E. Tay, J. M. Trauer, P. Trevan, and J. Denholm. "Gender differences in tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment and outcomes in Victoria, Australia, 2002–2015." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 1264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0338.
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BACKGROUND: Gender has a significant impact on tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and outcomes in many settings worldwide. We explored gender differences in Victoria, Australia, a low-incidence setting.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study: 2002–2015. Gender was included as an independent variable in multivariate statistical analyses assessing TB management.RESULTS: There were 2655 (54.5%) males and 2212 (45.5%) females notified (male:female ratio = 1.2:1). Among cases with pulmonary involvement, males underwent a chest X-ray or CT scan (CXR) sooner (hazard ratio [HR] 1.2, 95%CI 1.04–1.31, P = 0.010), began treatment sooner after presentation (HR 1.2, 95%CI 1.08–1.34, P = 0.001) and were more likely to have a sputum smear sample performed (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.01–1.55, P = 0.037). Male cases with extra-pulmonary TB sought health care sooner after symptom onset (HR 1.3, 95%CI 1.03–1.58, P = 0.024) and were more likely to have an abnormal CXR (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.54–2.32, P < 0.001). Males were more likely to die before or during treatment (OR 1.5, 95%CI 1.06–2.11, P = 0.024).CONCLUSIONS: Women experienced small delays in management compared with men, with no obvious detriment to assessment results or treatment outcomes. Differences were consistent with the hypothesis that males manifest more severe disease at presentation, which could be related to a range of biological and social factors.
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Cherkashina, Tatyana, and Alexey Samokhin. "EFFICIENCY OF OUTDOOR PHYSICAL TRAINING IN WINTER." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 5 (2019): 270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-5-270-273.
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The value of outdoor activities in winter is shown. Using a cyclical winter sport, the active work of the respiratory and circulatory organs, the most important role of hardening in preventing diseases and increasing psychological stability was proven.
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Gurev, A. V., A. R. Tukov, and A. S. Kretov. "Health of workers with occupational diseases who contacted with chemical harmful production factors." Toxicological Review, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-2-41-45.
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For persons with occupational diseases who worked at enterprises and organizations served by medical institutions of the FMBA of the Russian Federation, it is relevant to assess their health, taking into account the impact of harmful chemical production factors that have become the causes of their occupational diseases. About 2/3 of cases of occupational diseases caused by chemical hazards are organophosphorus compounds (pesticides), beryllium and its compounds. Of the diseases of non-professional genesis, this group of persons has the highest prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, digestive and respiratory organs. Of the diseases of the circulatory system, the most commonly diagnosed diseases are those characterized by high blood pressure and coronary heart disease. The structure of diseases of the digestive system is dominated by diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, diseases of the gall bladder, biliary tract and pancreas. Dorsopathies are the most common within the musculoskeletal disorders; chronic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract – within the respiratory diseases.
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Huang, Stephen S. H., David Banner, Stephane G. Paquette, Alberto J. Leon, Alyson A. Kelvin, and David J. Kelvin. "Pathogenic influenza B virus in the ferret model establishes lower respiratory tract infection." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 2127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.064352-0.
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Influenza B viruses have become increasingly more prominent during influenza seasons. Influenza B infection is typically considered a mild disease and receives less attention than influenza A, but has been causing 20 to 50 % of the total influenza incidence in several regions around the world. Although there is increasing evidence of mid to lower respiratory tract diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia in influenza B patients, little is known about the pathogenesis of recent influenza B viruses. Here we investigated the clinical and pathological profiles of infection with strains representing the two current co-circulating B lineages (B/Yamagata and B/Victoria) in the ferret model. Specifically, we studied two B/Victoria (B/Brisbane/60/2008 and B/Bolivia/1526/2010) and two B/Yamagata (B/Florida/04/2006 and B/Wisconsin/01/2010) strain infections in ferrets and observed strain-specific but not lineage-specific pathogenicity. We found B/Brisbane/60/2008 caused the most severe clinical illness and B/Brisbane/60/2008 and the B/Yamagata strains instigated pathology in the middle to lower respiratory tract. Importantly, B/Brisbane/60/2008 established efficient lower respiratory tract infection with high viral burden. Our phylogenetic analyses demonstrate profound reassortment among recent influenza B viruses, which indicates the genetic make-up of B/Brisbane/60/2008 differs from the other strains. This may explain the pathogenicity difference post-infection in ferrets.
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Mortaz, Esmaeil, Ian M. Adcock, Gert Folkerts, Peter J. Barnes, Arjan Paul Vos, and Johan Garssen. "Probiotics in the Management of Lung Diseases." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/751068.
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The physiology and pathology of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are closely related. This similarity between the two organs may underlie why dysfunction in one organ may induce illness in the other. For example, smoking is a major risk factor for COPD and IBD and increases the risk of developing Crohn’s disease. Probiotics have been defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host.” In model systems probiotics regulate innate and inflammatory immune responses. Commonly used probiotics include lactic acid bacteria, particularlyLactobacillus,Bifidobacterium, andSaccharomyces, and these are often used as dietary supplements to provide a health benefit in gastrointestinal diseases including infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. In this respect, probiotics probably act as immunomodulatory agents and activators of host defence pathways which suggest that they could influence disease severity and incidence at sites distal to the gut. There is increasing evidence that orally delivered probiotics are able to regulate immune responses in the respiratory system. This review provides an overview of the possible role of probiotics and their mechanisms of action in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases.
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de Berrazueta Fernández, José Ramón. "Diseases produce by coronavirus." ANALES RANM 137, no. 137(02) (September 30, 2020): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2020.137.02.rev08.
Full textAbstract:
We are living and suffering a unique medical experience right now. A small virus, of no more than 100 nanometers, from the coronavirus family, known as SARS-COV 2 or COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease, 2019) began its expansion around the world, starting from the city of Wuham in China in the last months of 2019. In December of that year it was already recognized by the WHO authorities as a possible serious disease. Its extension has been gradual, but explosive, by more than 200 countries on all continents. Most of the infected (up to 80%) will pass their process asymptomatic. But the sick who develop the disease will do so to varying degrees. 40% mildly, paucisymptomatic, while the other 60% will present respiratory symptoms that in 15% will be severe and in 5% will place the patient in a critical situation. The most common clinical presentation is in the form of progressive bilateral bronchopneumonia, with hypoxemia and severe acute respiratory distress, which compromises the patient’s life. These are patients who will need hospital admission for treatment with respiratory assistance, and in critical situations, admission to intensive care units, to connect to assisted breathing, and if it is complicated by cardiac pathology, which can accompany a significant percentage of these severe patients, for circulatory support. These are the patients that reach a high mortality. The virus has a characteristic structure in which the single-stranded chain of RNA is enveloped by a series of proteins, among which the surface spicules that give it the characteristic shape, or S proteins, stand out. They serve as binding to specific receptors cells of the Angiotensin 2 Converting Enzyme, ECA2, with which it interacts. Through them it is introduced into the respiratory epithelial cells or the cardiovascular system and other organs. It uses the genetic structure of invaded cells to replicate and spread throughout the affected organ and throughout the body. The immune response system, both humoral and cellular, tries to stop the replicative stimulus of the virus. The resistance of the virus to limit its replication causes the uncontrolled response of anti-inflammatory mediators to continue, which is summarized in what is called a cytokine storm. This is the most important damage mechanism produced by the body’s response. Homeostatic balances are decompensated, both in maintaining blood pressure with critical hypotension and shock situations, and in the balance of pro and anticoagulant systems, with a general production of thrombi that produces the most serious complications, as well as the destruction of own anti-infective barriers. Pulmonary pathology progresses progressively from pneumonia to fibrosis, complicating many of the critically ill patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Myocardial damage occurs in the circulatory system, with criteria for thrombosis and inflammation in the form of ischemic damage and different forms of cardiomyopathy. One of the most unique occurs specifically in the young population, in the form of a multisystemic hyperinflammatory response. But they can also damage the liver, kidney, central nervous system and other non-vital organs and systems.
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Ilyina, N. A., S. B. Russkikh, S. V. Starevskaya, and E. V. Plotnikova. "Involvement of the respiratory organs in Crohn’s disease. A clinical case." Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy 12, no. 4 (January 20, 2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2021-12-4-99-104.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Crohn’s disease is a recurrent inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract with transmural manifestations. Extraintestinal manifestations occur in 21–47% of all cases. Radiology techniques play a significant role in diagnosis, assessment and observation by means of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.Materials and methods. Clinical data, laboratory and instrumental studies, surgical procedures done in the children’s hospital were collected and analyzed during the study.Results. A 4-year-old girl was urgently presented to the hospital with non-productive cough and tachypnea that had lasted for two days. Inhalation therapy with Berodual® and Pulmicort® was initiated with a minor effect. Chest multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) showed signs of larynx edema, regular bilateral infiltrates with a volume decrease of the lung on the right side, left-sided tension pneumothorax. It was known that Crohn’s disease had been diagnosed in 7 months. The condition of the child was assessed as a serious case of Crohn’s disease. The condition of patient became stable after 7 days of treatment. The child has been observed by a gastroenterologist and a pulmonologist later.Conclusion. It is highly recommended to take into account the possibility of respiratory system involvement in patients with diagnosed inflammatory bowel diseases. A thorough anamnestic data research and multidisciplinary approach while evaluating the results of the chest MDCT would help clinicians to optimize clinical management at the early stage of the disease and prevent the development of possible complications.
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Ahmadi, Khadijeh, Zahra Gharibi, Parivash Davoodian, Hamed Gouklani, Mehdi Hassaniazad, and Nahid Ahmadi. "The Effect of Smoking on the Increase of Infectious Diseases." Tobacco and Health 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/thj.2022.15.
Full textAbstract:
Smoking is a well-known major risk factor for respiratory tract and other systemic infections. The World Health Organization estimates that between 2000 and 2025, about 9% of deaths will be caused by tobacco use, and more than half of all smokers die from smoking-related diseases. Smoking can damage almost all organs of the human body and is a major risk factor for respiratory infections and other infectious diseases. Smoking can increase the risk of respiratory infections through various mechanisms, which include changes in the structural, functional, and immune defenses of the host. Smoking is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. Promoting smoking cessation is the most practical and economical preventive measure to reduce the severity of tobacco-related infections. In this study, we investigated the role of smoking in increasing the risk of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections. We also evaluated various mechanisms by which smoking increases the risk of tobacco-related infections.