Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Respiratory Insufficiency In adulthood'
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Borrego, Luís Miguel Nabais. "Crianças com sibilância recorrente: estudo de função respiratória, avaliação imunológica e polimorfismos genéticos." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5149.
Full textSan, Angelo Donna. "THE EFFECT OF BODY POSITION ON RESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN THE INFANT WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275429.
Full textAikio, O. (Outi). "Pulmonary nitric oxide in preterm and term infants with respiratory failure." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268512.
Full textLidegran, Marika. "Advanced radiological imaging in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-933-5/.
Full text[UNESP], Daniela Fernandes Lima. "Fatores de predição de mortalidade em pacientes com insuficiência respiratória crônica em uso de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92162.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Introdução: A fase avançada de pneumopatias, cardiopatias e doenças sistêmicas está associada com o desenvolvimento de insuficiência respiratória crônica (IRespC). O tratamento desta complicação inclui o uso de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada. Na literatura nacional poucos estudos avaliaram a sobrevida em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) ou com IRespC recebendo oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores de predição de mortalidade em pacientes com IRespC tratados com ODP no período de um, dois e três anos. Pacientes e Métodos: Foram avaliados e acompanhados pelo período mínimo de três anos ou até o óbito, 142 pacientes cadastrados no ambulatório de oxigenoterapia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB) até julho de 2005. Na avaliação inicial, foram coletados dados de identificação pessoal, história de tabagismo, o uso de medicação, composição corporal, força de preensão manual, função pulmonar, gases sanguíneos e hemograma. Também foram aplicados a escala de dispnéia de Borg, o índice de dispnéia basal (BDI) e o questionário de qualidade de vida na doença respiratória do Hospital Saint George (SGRQ). Resultados: Durante os três anos de estudo; 83 pacientes (58%) morreram: 37 (26%) durante o primeiro ano de acompanhamento, 23 (16%) no segundo ano e 23 (16%) no período de três anos. O grupo óbito apresentou valores de hematócrito e hemoglobina significativamente menores, maior sensação de dispnéia, avaliada pelo BDI e Borg, e apresentou maior 18 comprometimento do estado de saúde, avaliado pelos domínios, impacto, atividade e total do SGRQ. Os principais preditores de mortalidade, na avaliação que incluía todos os pacientes, no período de três anos foram: gênero masculino (HR=2,67, CI=1,15-6,18, p=0,02), menores valores de hemoglobina...
Introduction: The advanced stage of lung, heart and systemic diseases is associated with the development of chronic respiratory failure (CRF). The treatment of this complication includes the use of long term oxygen therapy (LTOT). In the national literature few studies have assessed the survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or with chronic respiratory failure treated with LTOT. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of mortality in patients with CRF treated with oxygen in the period of one, two and three years. Patients and Methods: One hundred forty two patients were evaluated and followed for the minimum period of three years or until death. The study group consisted of patients with CRF, clinically stable, seen at the Oxygen Therapy Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu School of Medicine Hospital. Information about the demographic characteristics, smoking history, comorbidity conditions and treatment were collected during the first visit; evaluation of body composition, handgrip strength, lung function and blood gases and blood counts were also undertaken at this time. In addition, the dyspnea sensation (basal dyspnea index - BDI - and Borg scale) and health related quality of life (Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire) scores were calculated. Results: During the follow-up, 83 (58%) patients died; 37 (26%) during the first year of follow-up, 23 (16%) in the second year and 23 (16%) considering in three years. The group of death showed significantly lower 20 hematocrit and hemoglobin, increased sensation of breathlessness, measured by BDI and Borg, and showed greater impairment of health status as measured by impact, activity and total score of SGRQ. The main predictors of mortality, after three years of follow-up were male gender (HR=2.67, CI=1.15-6.18, p=0.02), lower values of hemoglobin (HR=0.85, CI=0.74-0.98, p=0.02), and PaCO2... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Hinze, Candace. "The role of malnutrition in prolonged respiratory failure : the effect of accelerated nutritional rehabilitation." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22740.
Full textPugmire, Juliana. "Health Effects of Childhood Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Children followed to Adulthood." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202985.
Full textBoyarskiy, O. O., O. O. Tikhonova, G. O. Solomennyk, and O. I. Mohylenets. "Features of acute respiratory viral infections in patients with congenital syndrome of immune-endocrine failure." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47814.
Full textLima, Daniela Fernandes. "Fatores de predição de mortalidade em pacientes com insuficiência respiratória crônica em uso de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada /." Botucatu, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92162.
Full textBanca: Suzana Erico Tanni
Banca: Maria Christina L. Machao
Resumo: Introdução: A fase avançada de pneumopatias, cardiopatias e doenças sistêmicas está associada com o desenvolvimento de insuficiência respiratória crônica (IRespC). O tratamento desta complicação inclui o uso de oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada. Na literatura nacional poucos estudos avaliaram a sobrevida em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) ou com IRespC recebendo oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores de predição de mortalidade em pacientes com IRespC tratados com ODP no período de um, dois e três anos. Pacientes e Métodos: Foram avaliados e acompanhados pelo período mínimo de três anos ou até o óbito, 142 pacientes cadastrados no ambulatório de oxigenoterapia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (FMB) até julho de 2005. Na avaliação inicial, foram coletados dados de identificação pessoal, história de tabagismo, o uso de medicação, composição corporal, força de preensão manual, função pulmonar, gases sanguíneos e hemograma. Também foram aplicados a escala de dispnéia de Borg, o índice de dispnéia basal (BDI) e o questionário de qualidade de vida na doença respiratória do Hospital Saint George (SGRQ). Resultados: Durante os três anos de estudo; 83 pacientes (58%) morreram: 37 (26%) durante o primeiro ano de acompanhamento, 23 (16%) no segundo ano e 23 (16%) no período de três anos. O grupo óbito apresentou valores de hematócrito e hemoglobina significativamente menores, maior sensação de dispnéia, avaliada pelo BDI e Borg, e apresentou maior 18 comprometimento do estado de saúde, avaliado pelos domínios, impacto, atividade e total do SGRQ. Os principais preditores de mortalidade, na avaliação que incluía todos os pacientes, no período de três anos foram: gênero masculino (HR=2,67, CI=1,15-6,18, p=0,02), menores valores de hemoglobina... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: The advanced stage of lung, heart and systemic diseases is associated with the development of chronic respiratory failure (CRF). The treatment of this complication includes the use of long term oxygen therapy (LTOT). In the national literature few studies have assessed the survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or with chronic respiratory failure treated with LTOT. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of mortality in patients with CRF treated with oxygen in the period of one, two and three years. Patients and Methods: One hundred forty two patients were evaluated and followed for the minimum period of three years or until death. The study group consisted of patients with CRF, clinically stable, seen at the Oxygen Therapy Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu School of Medicine Hospital. Information about the demographic characteristics, smoking history, comorbidity conditions and treatment were collected during the first visit; evaluation of body composition, handgrip strength, lung function and blood gases and blood counts were also undertaken at this time. In addition, the dyspnea sensation (basal dyspnea index - BDI - and Borg scale) and health related quality of life (Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire) scores were calculated. Results: During the follow-up, 83 (58%) patients died; 37 (26%) during the first year of follow-up, 23 (16%) in the second year and 23 (16%) considering in three years. The group of death showed significantly lower 20 hematocrit and hemoglobin, increased sensation of breathlessness, measured by BDI and Borg, and showed greater impairment of health status as measured by impact, activity and total score of SGRQ. The main predictors of mortality, after three years of follow-up were male gender (HR=2.67, CI=1.15-6.18, p=0.02), lower values of hemoglobin (HR=0.85, CI=0.74-0.98, p=0.02), and PaCO2... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Gaspari, Romolo Joseph. "Pathophysiology of Respiratory Failure Following Acute Organophosphate Poisoning : A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/445.
Full textAndrews, Jinsy A., Lisa Meng, Sarah F. Kulke, Stacy A. Rudnicki, Andrew A. Wolff, Michael E. Bozik, Fady I. Malik, and Jeremy M. Shefner. "Association Between Decline in Slow Vital Capacity and Respiratory Insufficiency, Use of Assisted Ventilation, Tracheostomy, or Death in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626557.
Full textGustafson, Torbjörn. "Causes and treatment of chronic respiratory failure : experience of a national register /." Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1473.
Full textLopes, Larissa Barbosa [UNIFESP]. "Estudo de aloanticorpos anti-HLA e anti-neutrófilos em doadoras de sangue." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2008. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9551.
Full textObjetivos: O estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência e a especificidade de anticorpos anti-HLA e a prevalência de anti-neutrófilos em doadoras de sangue brasileiras e avaliar o impacto da exclusão de doadoras multíparas positivas da doação de sangue. Métodos: Foram estudadas amostras de soro de 350 doadoras distribuídas em quatro grupos de acordo com o número de gestações que tiveram (50 nulíparas, 100 com uma gestação, 100 com duas gestações, e 100 multíparas). Para a pesquisa de anticorpos foi utilizada a metodologia do ELISA pelos kits LAT-M e LAT-1240 (One Lambda, Inc, EUA) que detectam e identificam anticorpos anti-HLA, classe I e II, respectivamente. Sessenta e cinco doadoras multíparas, com resultados positivos e negativos no ELISA também foram testadas pela metodologia do LABScreen (One Lambda, Inc, EUA) que fornece a especificidade de anticorpos anti-HLA. Além disso, foi utilizado o teste de Aglutinação de Granulócitos (GAT) e Imunofluorescência de Granulócitos (GIFT) para detectar anticorpos anti-neutrófilos específicos. Resultados: Oitenta doadoras das 350 mulheres estudadas (22,9%) foram positivas para anticorpos anti-HLA, sendo que 37% eram multíparas, 26% mulheres que tiveram duas gestações e 17% que tiveram uma gestação. Todas as amostras de doadoras nulíparas foram negativas para anti-HLA. A diferença de doadoras positivas em cada grupo foi estatisticamente significante na prevalência de anti-HLA entre o grupo de nulíparas e de doadoras que tiveram no mínimo uma gestação (p < 0,001). Os soros de doadoras positivas pelo teste LAT-M foram também testados pelo LAT-1240, e em sete casos os anticorpos não puderam ser identificados. Dezessete doadoras (28,3%), consideradas negativas pelo LAT-M, apresentaram resultados positivos pelo LABScreen. O GAT foi aplicado para investigação do soro de doadoras negativas para anti-HLA, sendo positivo em duas de 264 doadoras (0,8%). Entre as doadoras com GAT positivo uma entre 62 (1,6%) era multípara e uma doadora entre 71 (1,4%) teve duas gestações. O GIFT também foi aplicado para doadoras negativas para anti-HLA e apresentou positividade em quatro mulheres de 264 (1,5%), sendo que duas entre 62 (3,2%) eram multíparas e duas entre 71 (2,8%) tiveram duas gestações. Conclusões: Anticorpos anti-HLA são encontrados freqüentemente em plasma de doadoras de sangue brasileiras (22,9%), e se correlacionam estatisticamente com o maior número de gestações (p < 0,001), aumentando a porcentagem de positividade com o aumento do xvi número de gestações. Apesar de apresentar uma menor freqüência (1,9% do total de doadoras nos testes GAT e GIFT), os anticorpos anti-neutrófilos também são encontrados em doadoras, podendo este valor ser maior uma vez que as doadoras positivas para anti-HLA não foram testadas. O impacto da exclusão de doadoras multíparas da doação de sangue corresponde a 4% do total de doadores. Em conclusão, anticorpos anti-HLA e anti-neutrófilos estão presentes no plasma de doadoras brasileiras e constituem fator de risco para desencadear TRALI em receptores de sangue com antígenos correspondentes.
Purpose: The aim of this study were to determine the prevalence and the specificity of anti-HLA, class I and II, antibodies and the prevalence of anti-neutrophil antibodies in Brazilians female blood donors and to assess the impact of excluding the positive multiparous blood donors from the blood donation. Methods: Serum samples from 350 Brazilians female blood donors, distributed according to the number of previous pregnancy (50 nuliparous, 100 one pregnancy, 100 two pregnancies,100 multiparous), has been examined to detect and to identify anti-HLA, class I and II, antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by LAT-M and LAT-1240 Kits (ONE LAMBDA, INC, EUA). Sixty-five multiparous female blood donors, between positive and negative by LAT-M, were tested by flow cytometry, by LABScreen Kit (ONE LAMBDA, INC, EUA), that provide the specificity of anti-HLA antibodies. Furthermore, the Granulocyte Agglutination (GAT) and Granulocyte Immunofluorescence (GIFT) Test were used to detect specific anti-neutrophil antibodies. Results: Anti-HLA antibodies, class I and/or II, have been found in 80 of 350 female blood donors (22.9%), from whom 37% were multiparous donors, 26% woman with two previous pregnancies, and 17% woman with one previous pregnancy. All the nuliparous blood donors were negative to anti-HLA antibodies. The difference among positive female blood donors in pregnancy groups was significant statistically in prevalence between nuliparous group and woman with at least one previous pregnancy (p < 0.001). The serum of positive female blood donors by LAT-M test were also tested by LAT-1240 Test and in seven women the anti- HLA antibodies can not be identified. Seventeen female blood donors, that were considered negative by LAT-M, were positive for anti-HLA antibodies by LABScreen. The GAT was applied to investigate the serum of negative female blood donors to anti- HLA. Two women of 264 female blood donors (0.8%) were positive to anti-neutrophil, from whom 1.6% were multiparous (one of 62) and 1.4% were women with two previous pregnancies (one of 71). The GIFT was also applied to negative female blood donors to anti-HLA and the women were positive to anti-neutrophil in four of 264 female blood donors (1.5%), from whom two multiparous of 62 (3.2%) and two of 71 (2.8%) women with two previous pregnancy. Conclusion: Anti-HLA antibodies have often been found in plasma of Brazilian female blood donors (22.9%), and are statistically associated with the number of pregnancy (p < 0,001). The percentage of positive women increases with xviii the number of pregnancy. Although the anti-neutrophil antibodies had less prevalence (1.9% of all women tested by GAT and GIFT), they are found in female blood donors. This value can be higher because the positive women to anti-HLA antibodies were not tested. The impact to exclude the positive multiparous blood donors to the blood donate is 4% of all blood donors. In conclusion, anti-HLA and anti-neutrophil antibodies are found in plasma of Brazilian female blood donors and they are considered risk factor to trigger TRALI in blood receptors with cognate antigen.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Wang, David. "Sleep disordered breathing in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002992.
Full textSmith, Johan. "A comparison of synthetic surfactants : evaluation of a novel surfactant (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-phosphatidycholine and trehalose [C12H22O11]) and comparison with other synthetic formulations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52624.
Full textThesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to test a synthetic protein-free surfactant preparation, LPM-l, with the same chemical composition as commercially available Exosurf (Glaxo Wellcome), but containing in addition, a sugar, trehalose (TRE). Towards this end, a study was designed to firstly test the hypothesis that the true difference in acute physiological effects between a mixture of oppe, tyloxapol, hexadecanol and trehalose (LPM-l), and Exosurf, (Oppe, tyloxapol and hexadecanol) is zero, in a surfactantdeficient animal model. A second study addressed the physiological effects of oppe, hexadecanol, tyloxapol and trehalose (LPM-l) compared to treatment with trehalose (TRE) or saline, in order to determine (1) the contribution of TRE to the mixture of oppe, hexadecanol and tyloxapol, and (2) to assess the effect of the LPM-l surfactant replacement on the epithelial lining fluid composition by means of analysing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Thirdly, the effects of TRE and / or calcium were studied on the surface properties of oppe suspensions, by in vitro analysis using the ring detachment method of Du Nouy The in vivo research comprised of two studies, performed in randomised controlled fashion. In the first study, 24 New Zealand White adult rabbits were randomised into 4 groups, while in the second study, 15 animals were randomised into 3 groups. In the first in vivo study, three synthetic surfactants, LPM-l, Exosurf and LPM-2, and a saline group were tested. LPM-l is a new formulation that consists ofa mixture of Df'PC, TRE, hexadecanol and tyloxapol. LPM-2 is a formulation with a composition equivalent to that of commercially available Exosurf, prepared on site. In both studies animals were subjected to repeated lavage with large volumes of warm saline (25 ml/kg) in order to establish surfactant deficiency and acute lung injury. Five minutes after the last lavage, vehicle, i.e. surfactants LPM-l, Exosurf, or LPM-2, or saline, in the first in vivo study, and LPM-l, TRE or saline in the second in vivo study, was instilled, and the course of the animals followed over the next 3 hours. Ventilator settings were standardized before and after lavage. The effects of surfactant treatment on gas exchange (arterial Pa02, oxygenation index (Ol), arterial-alveolar oxygen (a/A) ratio), percentage calculated shunt, and total dynamic respiratory compliance (CRSdyn), and histopathological changes were compared with changes in saline treated controls. Arterial blood gases in 100% oxygen and CRSdynwere measured before and after lavage, at 15 minute intervals for the first 30 min, then at 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after vehicle instillation. Oxygenation improved to a similar extent after LPM-l and Exosurf instillation, surpassing that of LPM-2 or saline. Overall, intratracheal instillation of both Exosurf and LPM-l, rapidly improved the gas exchange and reduced the intrapulmonary shunt, but did not restore the lung to its pre-lavage condition. From the 2nd in vivo study it was evident that trehalose-only, was inefficient as a lung surfactant, failing to improve oxygenation indices or the calculated percentage shunt, or influencing respiratory compliance. The addition of the sugar, trehalose (TRE), to the on-site 'Exosurf mixture (LPM-2) brought the activity of the resultant LPM-l to the same level as that of commercial Exosurf, but failed to raise the activity above that of Exosurf. These physiological improvements were sustained for up to 3 hours. Saline-treated animals had no improvement in gas exchange despite management with variable PIP (to maintain a tidal volume of -1 0 ml / kg) and constant PEEP of 5 cm H20. In-vitro results, obtained by the Ou Nouy tensiometer, showed higher mean ordinate surface tension values for the OPPC-only and DPPC + TRE mixtures, and the slopes of their respective graphs smaller in magnitude than those of the other formulations, suggesting that these formulations had less surface tension-lowering capability than the other surfactants. At 20°C (20 mg / ml DPPC-surfactants) the mean ordinate values of OPPC and OPPC + TRE, 70.13 and 69.47 dyne / cm, respectively, were not significantly different from each other. The mean ordinate values of LPM-l and the formulation containing OPPC + TRE + tyloxapol + CaCh were lower, but similar, as were the values of LPM-2 (on-site Exosurf) and LPM-2 + CaCho Thus, three internally homogeneous subgroups could be identified which differed significantly, namely: DPPC and DPPC + TRE, LPM-2 and LPM-2 + CaCh, and DPPC + TRE + tyloxapol + CaCh and LPM-l. Similar conclusions apply to the ordinate values of the surfactants at 37°C, and to the mean slope values at 20°C, with the exception that the subgroups, LPM-2 and LPM-2 + CaCh, and LPM-l and OPPC + TRE + tyloxapol + CaCh are not so clearly separated. A similar analysis of mean slope values was performed. Here too a significant difference between substances was found, OPPC alone or in combination with TRE, again being significantly different from the other surfactants. The most prominent light microscopy findings of the lungs of animals included general lymphatic dilatation, congestion and lung polymorphonuclear infiltration, with no difference between study groups. Hyaline membranes were present in all surfactant groups, but significantly more so in the saline treated group. In the first in vivo study, the presence of neutrophils in the lung interstitiwn as well as alveoli, was a common finding in all of the study groups towards the end of the study protocol. A significant increase in the BAL-fluid neutrophil count occurred in all animals, concurrent with a significant decrease in the BAL macrophage count. No significant change occurred in the peripheral neutrophil count during the 3-hour study, suggesting recruitment of neutrophils from storage pools. Treatment with synthetic surfactant (LPM -1) did not have a significant effect on modifying the inflammatory response, since there was no significant difference in the BAL-derived cell counts between the LPM-1 and -saline groups. Epithelial damage was a consistent finding in all groups. The damage was more evident by electron microscopy examination and included hydropic changes, most readily observed in the mitochondria. The airspaces of study subjects showed the presence of oedema fluid. This luminal oedema appeared to be more prominent in the control group and LPM-2 (on site 'Exosurf') group. Organellar debris, probably originating from lysis of epithelial cells, was present, despite treatment with synthetic surfactant. The electron microscopical appearance of the epithelial-lined substance ("hyaline membranes") in the present study showed a marked variability within groups as well as within the same case. The majority of cases showed a mix of membrane types with both granular and fibrillar materials present within the same membrane. In some cases there were layering of the membranes into distinct bands. The instillation of LPM-l resulted in the formation of a slightly different type of epithelial lining fluid after lavage, when compared to the prelavage composition. The most pronounced changes occurred within the fatty acids, whilst the phosphatidylcholine values remained unchanged. Palmitic acid concentrations (C16:0) increased significantly, suggesting enrichment of the epithelial lining fluid after instillation of LPM-l. This increase in C16:0 was concurrent with significant decreases in the percentage C16:1, C18:0, and C18:2. In contrast to previous studies, we describe higher levels for phosphatidyldimethylethanolarnine (PEA). An explanation may be that the lipid identified as PEA, was in fact partly phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-a lipid whose accurate identification was precluded for technical reasons. After surfactant instillation, the PC/SM ratio, a reflection of the lecithin / sphingomyelin (LIS), decreased significantly in the TRE-group between the first and final lavage, but remained statistically unchanged in the animals treated with LPM-l or saline. The change in ratio was mainly accounted for by a decrease in BAL-fluid PC content together with a rise in SM content. A poor correlation existed between the BAL-derived PC/SM ratio and indices reflecting oxygenation status (a/A ratio, Ol), as well as the CRSdynat the time of the final lavage. In conclusion, the primary hypothesis was accepted, LPM-l performed similarly to Exosurf in vivo, improving oxygenation, but not CRSdyn.None was clearly superior to the other. Some questions remain. The reason why LPM-l (LPM-2 + TRE) did not behave in a superior manner, in vivo, to Exosurf, is partly unclear. This finding was somewhat surprising since the chemical composition of Exosurf and LPM-2 did not differ, and the addition of TRE to LPM-2 (on-site Exosurf), did improve the in vivo activity of the resultant LPM-l, above that of LPM-2. A possible explanation for observed differences in performance include methodological issues, i.e. the preparation of the on-site formulations, especially that of LPM-2 (on-site Exosurf), may differ from the way in which true commercial Exosurf is prepared.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om 'n sintetiese proteïn vrye surfaktant te ontwikkel en die produk te vergelyk met 'n kunsmatige surfaktant reeds in kliniese gebruik. Die bekende uit die literatuur en die onbekende van die produk wat evalueer sou word, lei op tot die samestelling van die nul hipotese van die PhD naamlik dat geen verskil in longfunksie sou gewys word tussen die toetsproduk en reeds gebruikte kommersiële surfaktant nie. Die hipotese was dat 'n suiker (trehalose), in kombinasie met Dipalmitoiel fosfatidielcholine (DPPC), gaswisseling en longfunksies sal verbeter vir 'n long met 'n lae surfaktant konsentrasie. Vir die studie is jong volwasse wit New Zealand konyne gebruik en is hulle met 'n gestandaardiseerde en menslike manier gebruik in eksperimentele werk. Die diere is onder intraveneuse narkose geplaas en verskillende kardiovaskulêre en pulmonologiese aspekte is gemeet. Die long surfaktant is uitgewas deur middel van fisiologiese soutoplossing wat tot liggaam temperatuur verhit is en daarna is die diere prospektief gerandomiseer tot eksperimentele groepe. Met vooraf bepaalde tydsintervalle is die fisiologiese metings herhaal en was die metings toegespits daarop om longmeganiese funksie en gasoordrag vermoë te evalueer. Lig mikroskopiese en elektron mikroskopiese studies is ook op die longe gedoen en verder is brongoalveolêre vloeistof ook ontleed. Die groepe met ondersoek was: I. oppe, heksadekanol, tyloxapol en trehalose (LPM-I). 2. oppe, heksadekanol, tyloxapol (LPM-2 :. LPM-I sonder trehalose). Hierdie is 'n proteïnvrye surfaktant plaaslik berei ( dieselfde samestelling as Exosurf). 3. Exosurf®. (Kommersiële preperaat reeds in gebruik). Hierdie is 'n proteïnvrye sintetiese surfaktant. 4. Trehalose, 'n non-reduserende disakklaried van glukose. Addisioneel is daar ook in vitro studies gedoen waann die oppervlakte spanmngs aktiwiteite van die verskillende surfaktant oplossings vergelyk is. Die statistiese analise is gedoen in samewerking met Prof. J. Maritz wat 'n unieke metode ontwikkel en gepubliseer het om herhalende veranderlikes op 'n statisties verantwoordbare manier te ontleed. In die eerste van die studies, is LPM-I, Exosurf®, fisiologiese soutoplossing en 'n plaaslik bereide "Exosurf" (LPM-2), met 'n chemiese samestelling identies aan dié van kommersiële Exosurf®, evalueer. In 'n tweede studie is die fisologiese effekte van LPM-I vergelyk met trehalose of fisiologiese soutoplossing om die volgende te ondersoek: 1) Die bydrae van trehalose tot 'n mengsel van oppe, heksadekanol en tyloxapol (LPM-2). 2) Die gevolg van LPM-l surfaktant toediening op die konyn se brongo-alveolêre vloeistof samestelling. 'n Derde, in vitro studie, het die oppervlaktespannings-effekte van trehalose en of kalsiumbyvoegings tot DPPC-oplossings gemeet deur middel van die ring metode van Du Nouy, In die eerste in vivo studie verbeter oksigenasie en persentasie longaftakking tot dieselfde mate na LPM-l en Exosurf® toediening en word die hipotese van die proefskrif bevestig. In die breë gesien, is die tydsprofiele van LPM-l en Exosurf® ten opsigte van oksigenasie en persentasie longaftakking statisties betekenisvol beter en van 'n sneller aard, as die tydsprofiele van dieselfde indekse na die toediening van fisiologiese soutoplossing of LPM-2. Die tydsprofiel van dinamiese longvervormbaarheid, na die toediening van LPM-I of Exosurf®, is dieselfde, maar betekenisvol beter as die vervormbaarheid na toediening van LPM-2 of fisiologiese soutoplossing. Alhoewel die oksigenasie indekse in die geval van LPM-l en Exosurf® betekenisvol verbeter oor die studietydperk, vind volkome herstel tot die basislynwaardes (voor spoeling) nie plaas nie. Bykomend, geen van die surfaktante het na toediening enige noemenswaardige verbetering in longvervormbaarheid tot gevolg gehad nie. Die rede vir die swakker vertoning van LPM-2 en Exosurf is onbekend en sal in opvolg studie ondersoek word. In die tweede in vivo studie is dit duidelik dat trehalose op sy eie, 'n oneffektiewe surfaktant is aangesien die preperaat na toediening geen verbetering teweegbring ten opsigte van oksigenasie indekse, persentasie longaftakking, of long-dinamiese vervormbaarheid nie. Die toevoeging van trehalose tot LPM-2, om LPM-l te lewer, neem wel die aktiwiteit van LPM-l tot dieselfde in vivo vlak as dié van kommersiële Exosurf®, maar slaag nie daarim om 'n hoër fisiologiese in vivo aktiwiteit as dié produk te bereik nie. Die diere wat met fisiologiese soutoplossing behandel is toon geen verbetering in enige fisiologiese parameter nie. Die in vitro resultate wat verkry is deur die Du Nouy tensiometer toon hoër gemiddelde ordinaat oppervlaktespannings waardes vir 'n formule wat slegs uit DPPC bestaan, asook vir 'n mengsel van DPPC + trehalose. Die helling van die grafieke van hierdie oplossings is ook kleiner as die van die ander formulas wat daarop dui dat DPPC op sigself, en DPPC + trehalose, weinig vermoë het om oppervlaktespanning te verminder. Daarteenoor verlaag die volgende oplossings die oppervlaktespanning ten opsigte van gedistilleerde water betekenisvol en wel in In konsentrasie afhanklike manier by beide 21°C en 3rc: LMP-I-, LPM-2-, DPPC + trehalose + tyloxapol + CaCf2-, en LPM-2 + CaCf2. Die prominentste ligmikroskopiese bevindinge van die longe van die diere sluit in: Algemene limfvat dilatasie, stuwing, en long neutrofiel infiltrasie. Betreffende hierdie histologiese bevindinge is daar geen verskille aangetoon tussen die groepe nie. Hialienmembrane was teenwoordig in al die groepe, maar betekenisvol meer in die groep wat fisiologiese soutoplossing ontvang as vervangingsterapie. In die tweede in vivo studie is daar 'n betekenisvolle styging in die neutrofiel- en daling in makrofaagtelling, van die brongoalveolêre vloeistof spoeling in al drie die groep aangetoon. Terselfdertyd vind geen noemenswaardige daling in die perifêre (sistematiese) neutrofieltelling plaas nie. Hierdie bevindinge dui daarop dat die brongoalveolêre selveranderinge toegeskryf kan word aan verwerwing van neutrofiele vanuit 'n longstoringspoel eerder as rekrutering vanuit die sistemiese sirkulatoriese poel. Surfaktant (LPM-l), behandeling het geen betekenisvolle vermindering in long inflammasie teweeggebring nie. Epiteelskade was 'n algemene ligmikroskopiese bevinding in al die groepe. Die samestelling van die brongoalveolêre vloeistof verander na installering van LPM-I. Die prominentste verandering word waargeneem in die vetsuur samestelling terwyl die DPPC waardes onveranderd bly. Die vetsuur, palmitiensuur (palmitic acid), (CI6:0), verhoog betekenisvol na toediening van LPM-l. Daarteenoor verminder die konsentrasie van C16:1, C18:0 en C18:2. In kontras met vorige studies, beskryf die huidige studie hoër konsentrasies van fosfatidieletanolamien, moontlik as gevolg van tegniese verskille in die metingsmetodes. 'n Betekenisvolle verlaging in die fosfatidielcholine:sfingomiëlien (PC/SM) verhouding word waargeneem tussen die eerste en die finale longspoeling van die trehalose-groep, terwyl dit onveranderd bly in die diere wat LPM-1 of fisiologiese soutoplossing ontvang.
Rovira, Canudas Irene. "Óxido nítrico inhalado en el síndrome de distrés respiratorio experimental del adulto." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32199.
Full textIn the present study we examined the effects of inhaling nitric oxide (NO) on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in an ovine model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (AROS), induced by repeated lung lavages. In addition we investigated in this modal the effects of inhibition endogenous NO synthesis by NG-nitro-Larginine metyl ester (L-NAKE) and the combination with inhaled NO. Because NO activates guanylate cyclase, increasing guanosine 3’-5'- cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) we also we measured cGMP plasma levels. In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep inhaling 60 ppm of NO after lung lavage decreased pulmonary artery pressure and resistance without any systemic hemodynamic effects, increased arterial PaO(2) and decreased venous admixture (Q(VA)/Q(I)). A L-NAME infusion produced pulmonary and systemic vasoconstriction without changes on PaO(2) or (Q(VA)/Q(I)) inhaling NO after L-NAME produced the same hemodynamics and gas exchange effects than inhaling NO alone. The effects on inhaled NO were independent of pulmonary blood flow or cardiac output. During NO inhalation plasma cGMP levels were increased significantly. We concluded that in this experimental model of AROS inhaled NO produced selective pulmonary vasodilatation and improved gas exchange by incressing cGMP concentration in ventilated lung regions and these effects were not potentiated with the inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis.
Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa. "Patogênese da síndrome pulmonar hemorrágica na leptospirose humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-25032009-131328/.
Full textLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in humans and is an important public health problem. Caused by bacteria of Leptospira genus, this disease presents diverse clinical manifestations and is especially important in developing countries. Leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome is the major cause of death in patients with the severe form of leptospirosis. The pathogenic mechanisms of this syndrome are unknown. With the purpose of identifying these pathogenic mechanisms, 30 necropsies (pulmonary samples) from patients with leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome and seven controls were evaluated. . To determine whether the immune system is involved, histology and immunohistochemistry (IgM, IgG, IgA, and C3) experiments were performed on lung tissue samples, as well sera measurements of autoantibodies (against the basal membrane and anti-cardiolipin) were performed in leptospirosis patients with and without pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (in paired samples) and in healthy donors from a blood bank. We found that patients with leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome differed from control pulmonary hemorrhage patients in several features: the presence of moderate to high levels of macrophages in the alveolar space (77% versus 29%, respectively; p = 0.02), the presence of the focal hyaline membrane on alveolar surface (100% versus 0%; p < 0.01), extensive necrosis and regeneration of pneumocyte II cells (100% versus 0%; p < 0.01) and the presence of plasma cells in the alveolar septum (77% versus 29%, respectively; p =0.02). No statistically significant differences were observed in the number of others cells in the alveolar septae. Intact leptospires were rarely detected. Leptospiral antigen was not correlated with the intensity of the lesions. None of the patients showed microscopic evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Immunoglobulin deposits were detected on the alveolar surface of 18/30 leptospirosis patients with pulmonary hemorrhage. Three staining patterns were observed for the immunoglobulins and C3 in the lung tissues of leptospirosis patients with pulmonary hemorrhage syndrom: (A) delicate linear staining adjacent to the alveolar surface, like a membrane covering the luminal surface of type I and II pneumocyte cells; (MF) random, multifocal staining along the alveolar septum; and (I) weak, focal intra-alveolar granular staining.. We were not able to show any significant difference in autoantibodies concentration in the different groups. We found significant difference between the titles of anticardiolipin IgM antibodies in the first and second sera sample from leptospirosis patients with and without pulmonary hemorrhage (p<0.01 e p=0.04, respectively). The increased in the titles of anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies, as well IgG/IgM ratio was observed only in patients with pulmonary hemorrhage(p=0.01 and p=0.01). We concluded that the pulmonary involvement on severe human leptospirosis have particular characteristics, which the morphologic aspect differ from the others causes of lung hemorrhage. It was distinguished by linear deposition of immunoglobulin and complement (C3C) on the luminal alveolar surface of pneumocyte I and II cells. This event was associated with pneumocyte I and II cells necrosis, pneumocyte II regeneration and septal and alveolar inflammation
Scotta, Marcelo Comerlato. "Fatores associados à gravidade da infecção por influenza A pandêmico (H1N1) 2009 em pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/67525.
Full textIntroduction: The pandemic caused by Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus peaked between July and August 2009 in southern Brazil with the highest incidence in children and young adults. In the post-pandemic period, there was an increase in the incidence of cases in the winter months in 2011 and 2012 in Brazil, similar to seasonal Influenza virus. Since infections due to pandemic Influenza are still occurring, we aim to investigate risk factors for worse outcome in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed reviewing charts of hospitalized patients younger than 14 years with RT-PCR positive for Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 during the first pandemic wave in six tertiary centers in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We defined need of mechanical ventilation as severity outcome and age, chronic medical conditions, bacterial and viral co-detection, chest radiograph findings and use of Oseltamivir as possible predictors. Results: We included 120 patients. In a multivariable analysis, chronic medical conditions (PR: 2.613, 95% CI: 1.267-5.386) and viral co-detection (PR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.203-4.905) were statistically associated with worse outcome (p<0,05). Conclusions: The presence of chronic medical conditions as predictor reinforces previous evidences. Furthermore, we found viral co-detection as a risk factor. Further studies are necessary to confirm this association.
Barreira, Eliane Roseli. "Utilização da nova definição de Berlim no diagnóstico da síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo em crianças criticamente doentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-13062018-083515/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: In 1994, the American-European Consensus Conference first established the diagnostic criteria to define Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Since then, these criteria have been used to define the syndrome in both adults and children. In 2012, a new definition - the so-called Berlin definition - was proposed to be used in adults, but no references were made regarding its applicability in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, outcomes and risk factors associated with the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in children according to the Berlin definition as compared with the American-European Consensus Conference definition. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter cohort study conducted from March to September 2013 at eight Pediatric Intensive Care Units located at the state of Sao Paulo. All children aged 1 month to 15 years old who met eligibility criteria were evaluated daily for the presence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome according to the American-European Consensus Conference and the Berlin definitions, and related outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 562 patients included, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome developed in 58 (10.3%) and 57 (10%) patients, according to the American-European Consensus Conference and the Berlin definitions, respectively. Among patients diagnosed according to the Berlin definition, 9 (16%) were classified as mild, 21 (37%) moderate, and 27 (47%) severe. Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome had a significantly higher number of comorbidities, higher severity scores at admission, longer hospital length of stay, longer duration of mechanical ventilation and higher mortality (p < 0.05) than patients who did not develop the syndrome. Comparisons across the three severity categories according to the Berlin definition showed significant differences in the number of ventilator-free days (21, 20 and 5 days, p < 0.001) and mortality (0.15% and 41%, p < 0.02) for patients with mild, moderate and severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, respectively. Differences were observed only for patients with severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome compared with the two other severity groups. No differences in Pediatric Intensive Care or hospital length of stay were observed across the three categories. CONCLUSIONS: The Berlin definition can identify a subgroup of patients with distinctly worse outcomes, as shown by the reduced number of ventilator-free days and higher mortality for children with severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Canzian, Mauro. ""Análise qualitativa e semiquantitativa de parâmetros morfológicos em biópsias pulmonares cirúrgicas e autópsias: valor preditivo e impacto no prognóstico de pacientes com infiltrado pulmonar difuso"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-15082005-120445/.
Full textClinical and histological data concerning open lung biopsy from 63 adult patients, with diffuse infiltrates, most of them with respiratory failure, from 1982 to 2003, were analyzed. Severity of each pathological alteration was semiquantitatively rated following an histological score system. "Acute" and "chronic" indices were then established. Statistically significant association occurred between survival and increasing age, diffuse alveolar damage, comorbidity and the "chronic score". Detailed histological analysis of lung specimens was proven to provide more than nosological diagnosis. Greater studies in a randomized and prospective trial could finalize and confirm this conclusion
Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da. "Avaliação da ventilação mecânica utilizada em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e seus fatores de risco: em busca de uma melhor prática ventilatória." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-10032010-102801/.
Full textMechanical ventilation (MV) is a major admission criteria to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Despite of that, there is just a few epidemiologic studies about it in children, and none in Brazil. It´s necessary to describe which ventilatory modes are employed in our daily practice, in order to establish our standard of care. 86 out of 241 patients, admitted to Instituto da Criança PICU from 10/01/2005 to 03/31/2006, were submitted to MV for 24 hours or more. Thirty seven met exclusion criteria. Data from 49 patients were analyzed. Major indication to MV was acute respiratory failure. Pressure ventilatory modes were used. Protective lung ventilation was underused. Analyses of risk factors for mortality and days of MV were also performed.
Pilau, Janaina. ""Fatores de risco para insuficiência respiratória aguda e fatores prognósticos em pacientes queimados internados na UTI"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-03052006-145913/.
Full textBurns are one of the most devastating conditions encountered mediicne. This is a prospective cohort study of adult patient, during 26 months, not consecutive (Dec/01/00 - Dec/31/01 a Jul/01/02 - Jul/31/03), conducted in burn ICU of Hospital das Clínicas of University of Sao Paulo. Were admitted to ICU 106 patients; of those, 83 were included this study. Mean age was 36 and total body surface area burn (%BSA) 38%. Inhalation injury was identified in 51% patients, 58% required mechanical ventilation and ALI/ARDS in 46%. Overall mortality was 40%. Age, total %BSA, female sex and ALI/ARDS was determinant factors of death
Ribeiro, Cristiane Franco. "Prevenção de reintubação de crianças com utilização precoce de ventilação mecânica não invasiva após extubação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152247.
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Objetivos: A eficácia da ventilação não invasiva com pressão positiva na prevenção da reintubação por insuficiência respiratória em crianças permanece incerta. Este estudo foi projetado para avaliar a eficácia da VNI comparada com oxigênio inalatório (cateter nasal ou máscara facial), no que diz respeito à taxa de reintubação em 48 horas em crianças que desenvolveram insuficiência respiratória pós-extubação, tempo de internação em UTIP e hospitalar. Desenho: estudo clínico prospectivo randomizado. Local: Hospital das clínicas de Botucatu – UNESP. Pacientes: crianças com idade entre 28 dias e 3 anos submetidas à ventilação mecânica invasiva por mais de 48 horas com insuficiência respiratória após extubação programada. Intervenções: os pacientes foram avaliados prospectivamente e distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupo de ventilação não invasiva de pressão positiva e grupo de oxigênio inalatório após extubação programada de maio de 2012 a maio de 2013. Medidas: tempo de internação em UTIP e hospitalar; índice de oxigenação; gases sanguíneos, frequência cardíaca e frequência respiratória antes e 1 hora após a extubação traqueal; motivo da falha de extubação traqueal; variáveis de ventilação mecânica antes da extubação traqueal. Resultados: Foram incluídos 108 pacientes (grupo de ventilação de pressão positiva não invasiva, n = 55 e grupo de oxigênio inalado, n = 53), com 66 exclusões. Os grupos não diferiram significativamente em termos de sexo, idade, gravidade da doença, risco pediátrico de mortalidade na admissão, intubação traqueal e indicação de ventilação mecânica. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na taxa de reintubação (grupo de ventilação não invasiva de pressão positiva, 9,1%, grupo de oxigênio inalado, 11,3%; p> 0,05) e duração da permanência (PICU) (grupo não invasivo de ventilação com pressão positiva, 3 [1-16], grupo de oxigênio inalado, 2 [1-25], p> 0,05) ou hospital (grupo de ventilação não invasiva de pressão positiva, 19 [7-141], grupo de oxigênio inalado, 17 [8-80]). Conclusões: o estudo indica que um estudo randomizado maior que compara ventilação não invasiva de pressão positiva e oxigenoterapia padrão em crianças com insuficiência respiratória é viável, fornecendo uma base para uma futura tentativa nesta configuração. Nenhuma diferença foi visto entre os grupos. O número de pacientes excluídos foi alto.
Objectives: The efficacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in preventing reintubation due to respiratory failure in children remains uncertain. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of NIV compared to inhaled oxygen (nasal catheter or face mask), with regard to the reintubation rate in 48 hours in children who developed post-extubation respiratory failure, length of hospital stay in the PICU and hospital. Design: Prospective randomized clinical study. Setting: PICU at a university-affiliated hospital. Patients: Children aged between 28 days and 3 years undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for greater than or equal to 48 hours with respiratory failure after programmed extubation. Interventions: Patients were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned into noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation group and inhaled oxygen group after programmed extubation from May 2012 to May 2013. Measurements: Length of stay in PICU and hospital, oxygenation index, arterial blood gas, and respiratory and heart rates before and 1 hour after tracheal extubation, failure and reason for tracheal extubation, mechanical ventilation variables before tracheal extubation, arterial blood gas, were analyzed. Main Results One hundred eight patients were included (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation group, n = 55 and inhaled oxygen group, n = 53), with 66 exclusions. Groups did not significantly differ for gender, age, disease severity, Pediatric Risk of Mortality at admission, tracheal intubation, and mechanical ventilation indications. There was no statistically significant difference in reintubation rate (noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation group, 9.1%; inhaled oxygen group, 11.3%; p > 0.05) and length of stay (days) in PICU (noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation group, 3 [1–16]; inhaled oxygen group, 2 [1–25]; p > 0.05) or hospital (noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation group, 19 [7–141]; inhaled oxygen group, 17 [8–80]). Conclusions: The study indicates that a larger randomized trial comparing noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and standard oxygen therapy in children with respiratory failure is feasible, providing a basis for a future trial in this setting. No differences were seen between groups. The number of excluded patients was high.
Di, Bartolomeo Lorenzo. "Il ruolo internazionale del fisioterapista nell'utilizzo della niv." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20741/.
Full textLago, Alessandra Fabiane. "Avaliação do consumo de oxigênio e do gasto energético durante o teste de respiração espontânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17152/tde-07062015-155700/.
Full textIntroduction: Weaning from mechanical ventilation is defined as the process of release of ventilatory support and how the evaluation of this phase is conducted in the spontaneous breathing test (SBT). One of the most used modes of SBT is the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)which applies a continuous positive pressure in both inspiration and expiration. However, together with the mechanical ventilation modes it can be used the Automatic Tube Compensation (ATC) which compensates the resistance imposed by the endotracheal tube. Objectives: The main goal of this study was to compare the Oxygen Consumption (VO2) and Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry (IC) during the SBT in CPAP with and without ATC. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized, controlled crossover trial, that enrolled 40 patients, in a 9-bed Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary University Hospital. (Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil). Participants were randomly allocated in Group 1, in which it was started the SBT in CPAP with ATC and later on CPAP without ATC, or in Group 2, which was started the SBT on CPAP without ATC and then CPAP with ATC.Results: Five patients were excluded after randomization for failure of the SBT. The thirty-five remaining patients were most male (51%). The mean age of the sample was 61.4 ± 16.1 years. The difference of VO2 between the SBT with ATC and no ATC obtained a value of -1.6 mL.Kg-1.min-1; p = 0.23 and 95% confidence interval: (-4.36; 1.07). To analyze the difference of REE between the SBT with ATC and no ATC, it was obtained an estimated value of -5.4 kcal/d-1, p = 0.5 and 95% and confidence interval (-21.67; 10.79). Conclusions: There were no differences in the comparison of VO2 and REE during the SBT with and without ATC.
Nakamura, Maria Aparecida Miyuki. "Titulação da PEEP rápida versus lenta guiadas por tomografia de impedância elétrica em pacientes hipoxêmicos no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca: estudo clínico randomizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-02072018-124035/.
Full textOBJECTIVE: to assess the agreement of \"optimum-PEEP\" values selected by two decremental PEEP trials guided by electrical impedance tomography (EIT): a Fast one lasting less than 7 minutes, and a Slow one lasting 40 minutes, and to compare the hemodynamic effects caused by these two trials; as secondary objectives, we aimed at comparing the physiological effects of the optimum-PEEP chosen by EIT (Fast or Slow) with those chosen by ARDSNet PEEP-FiO2 table during the subsequent 4 hours of mechanical ventilation. METHODS: in this single center, randomized controlled trial, hypoxemic patients immediately after cardiac surgery were randomized into three groups: Fast Titration (FAST-EIT), Slow Titration (SLOW-EIT) and Control (ARDSNet PEEP-FiO2 table). After recruiting maneuvers, and starting from a PEEP of 23 cmH2O, the FAST-EIT and SLOW-EIT groups were submitted to decremental PEEP trials, in steps of 2 cmH2O, until reaching 5 cmH2O, with two different durations: 40 seconds (the entire maneuver lasted < 7 minutes) or 4 minutes (entire maneuver lasted 40 minutes). The optimum-PEEP (PEEPTIT) was defined as the lowest PEEP with less than 5% of collapse estimated by EIT. In the control group, PEEP was adjusted according to oxygenation based on ARDSNet protocol. All patients were ventilated for 4 hours with PEEP according to their randomized groups, and all were monitored with EIT during the study. The comparison between Fast and Slow PEEP trials included: recruitable collapse and hyperdistension estimated by EIT, level of optimum PEEP, lowest mean arterial pressure and norepinephrine doses during the trials. The comparison with the control group included: level of PEEP, compliance and driving pressure, collapse (aeration) and hyperdistension estimated with EIT, and oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) during 4 hours of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: There was no difference between recruitable collapse and hyperdistension estimated by EIT between Fast and Slow maneuvers, as well as for the PEEPTIT (13 ± 4 vs 14 ± 4 cmH2O, P=0.13). Mean arterial pressure was higher during the Fast maneuver in comparison to the Slow maneuver (92mmHg [IQ25-75%: 81-111] vs 83mmHg [71-93], P=0.035), without differences in norepinephrine. FAST-EIT and SLOW-EIT groups presented similar changes during the time: after set PEEPTIT there was an immediate and significant improvement in respiratory-system compliance, which remained above baseline condition during the 4 hours of mechanical ventilation (SLOW-EIT: from 0.73 ± 0.2 to 0.89 ± 0.1 mL/cmH2O/Kg of PBW, P < 0.001; FAST-EIT: from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 0.85 ± 0.2 mL/cmH2O/Kg of PBW, P < 0.001); as respiratory compliance improved, driving pressure significantly reduced and remained lower than the baseline condition after 4 hours. In the control group, respiratory compliance did not change between baseline and 4 hours (from 0.63 ± 0.1 to 0.58 ± 0.1 mL/cmH2O/Kg of PBW, P=0.34) but driving pressure significantly increased as PEEP decreased. Oxygenation improved in all groups, but it was higher in the EIT groups. After setting PEEPTIT in both EIT groups (Fast or Slow), there was an increase in aeration in both, nondependent and dependent regions. In contrast, regional compliance increased in the dependent region and didn\'t change in nondependent region, suggesting that the strategy caused long-lasting recruitment of dependent regions and did not produced hyperdistension of non-dependent lung. In the control group, the required PEEP, adjusted by ARDSNet PEEP-FiO2 table, decreased along the time, causing evident collapse in EIT derived signals. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between recruitable collapse and hyperdistension estimated by EIT and PEEPTIT between Fast and Slow maneuvers; Fast PEEP trial guided by EIT could be performed in less than 7 minutes, with less hemodynamic consequences than the traditional Slow maneuver. Individualized PEEP guided by EIT improved respiratory compliance, reduced driving pressure and improved oxygenation without causing hyperdistension - when compared to a PEEP set according the ARDSNet protocol
Silva, Fabia Diniz. "Comparação entre os modos Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist e Ventilação com Pressão de Suporte como ventilação protetora em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-19062017-104922/.
Full textRationale: Protective mechanical ventilation, which consists of the use of tidal volumes equal or less than 6 ml/kg of predicted body weight and plateau pressure below 30 cmH2O, is recommended for patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). But it usually requires controlled ventilation and sedation. Using Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) or Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV), which are partial ventilatory modes, could be an alternative to offer protective ventilation, but in these modes tidal volume (Vt) varies in proportion to patient effort and we don´t know if it is possible to maintain protective ventilation. Objective: To compare Vt, respiratory pattern and patient-ventilator asynchrony in NAVA with PSV in patients with ARDS. Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover clinical trial comparing NAVA and PSV in patients with ARDS admitted to ICUs (NCT01519258). Patients were ventilated with NAVA and PSV for 15 minutes each, in random order. Inspiratory support in NAVA and PSV were titrated prior to randomization to deliver Vt of 4-6mL/Kg, while other respiratory parameters including PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) and FIO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) were kept constant. Flow, Peak airway pressure (Paw) and electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) were captured from the ventilator using Servo Tracker (Maquet, Sweden), and cycles were processed with MatLab (Mathworks, USA), which automatically detected inspiratory efforts and calculated respiratory rate (RR) and Vt. Dectection of asynchrony events was based on analysis of the ventilator curves. We used paired t-test to compare NAVA and PSV, and p values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: 20 patients were included and 14 patients completed the study. Tidal volume was kept within protective levels, 5.8 ± 1.1 in NAVA and 5.6 ± 1.0 in PSV, p = 0.455. There was no difference in the RR (24 ± 7 and 23 ± 7) and EAdi [10.8 (6.3-16.1) and 10.1 (6.7-12.8)] comparing NAVA and PSV, respectively. Paw was higher in NAVA (21 ± 3) than in PSV (19 ± 3), p = 0.001, but remained in protective levels. The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was higher in NAVA [88 (69-96)] than in PSV [80 (66-96)], p = 0.045 and PaO2/FIO2 ratio was higher in NAVA [241 (203 -265)] compared to PSV [236 (144-260)], p = 0.050. Trigger delay was more common in PSV [21% (15-51)] than in NAVA [3% (0.3-14)] (p=0.020). Double triggering was observed more frequently in NAVA than in PSV (p=0.105) and ineffective efforts were uncommon and similar in both modes (p=0.371). The median of the Asynchrony Index was 33% (20-66%) in PSV and 13% (5-27%) in NAVA (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: During protective mechanical ventilation, NAVA and PSV presented similar respiratory pattern, while NAVA improved gas exchange and reduced patient-ventilator asynchrony in relation to PSV. In patients with ARDS with inspiratory efforts, NAVA may be an alternative to provide protective mechanical ventilation
Zwicker, Carmen Vivian Domingues. "Sintomas respiratórios em indivíduos com sinais da Síndrome Velocardiofacial após cirurgia para correção da disfunção velofaríngea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61132/tde-25092012-093022/.
Full textObjectives: To investigate the occurrence of respiratory complaint in individuals with clinical signs of Velocardiofacial Syndrome (VCFS) submitted to surgery for correction of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD), compared to individuals without signs of VCFS, and analyzed if the preoperative respiratory condition interferes with surgical treatment planning for correction of VPD. Material and method: Retrospective and prospective study of 30 individuals of both genders, who were submitted to surgery for correction of VPD (intravelar veloplasty or pharyngeal flap), being 15 with clinical signs of VCFS (study group) and 15 with isolated cleft palate without clinical signs of VCFS, matched for gender and age (control group). A survey of respiratory complaints was performed using three questionnaires, one applied before and after surgery (Caouette-Laberge et al 1992) and two applied only after surgery (Petry et al 2008, Berlin, proposed by Netzer et al 1999). Comparisons were performed by the exact Fisher test, at a significance level of 5%. Results: Symptoms as mouth breathing and snoring were present in pre- and postoperative periods in both groups, without difference between periods concerning the presence of these symptoms, in the two groups. No differences were observed between groups as to the presence of excessive somnolence during the day, snoring, apnea, sleep/fatigue, history of obesity or arterial hypertension and potential risk to OSA. The study group presented similar distribution of intravelar veloplasty and pharyngeal flap, different from the control group that presented predominance of intravelar veloplasty, without relationship between the frequency of respiratory symptons and type of surgery, for both groups. Conclusion: In patients with clinical signs of VCFS, complaints of mouth breathing and snoring are present before and after surgical correction of VPD; there is no difference in the complaints of respiratory symptoms between individuals with clinical signs of VCFS and individuals with isolated cleft palate without signs of VCFS; the respiratory condition before surgery did not interfere with selection of the type of surgical procedure for correction of VPD.
Córdoba, Izquierdo Ana. "Efectos clínicos y aspectos técnicos de la ventilación no invasiva en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283321.
Full textBACKGROUND: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure remains high despite the increasing experience with this technique. Moreover, different ventilators are used to conduct NIV in acute ill patients: conventional intensive care unit (ICU) ventilators, transport ventilators and dedicated NIV ventilators, which could influence patient-ventilator synchronization and sleep quality. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the rate of NIV failure and to identify early predictors of intubation under NIV in patients admitted for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in an experienced unit. 2. To compare patient-ventilator synchrony during NIV between ICU, transport (both with and without the NIV algorithm engaged) and dedicated NIV ventilators. 3. To evaluate the impact of the ventilator type on sleep quality in patients admitted for AHRF. 4. To evaluate sleep during and between NIV ventilation sessions. METHODS: The ability of the ventilators to synchronize with the patient’s respiratory effort was evaluated in a bench study using a lung simulator and a calibrated leak system and in two physiological studies using flow, airway pressure, and respiratory muscles surface electromyogram (in one study) or inductive plethysmography recordings (in the other study). Sleep quality was studied using a polysomnography. RESULTS: The rates of intubation and ICU mortality were respectively 15% and 5%. After adjustment, non-acute on chronic respiratory failure was independently associated with NIV failure, as well as acidosis (pH < 7.30) and severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 < 200 mmHg) after 1 hour of NIV initiation, whereas altered consciousness on admission and ventilatory settings had no influence on outcome. Concerning the comparison between ventilators used for NIV, we found that dedicated NIV ventilators allow better patient-ventilator synchrony than ICU and transport ventilators, even with their NIV algorithm engaged, although there is a wide variation between ventilators; and that the ventilator type has no impact on sleep quality. When comparing sleep quality between NIV sessions and spontaneous breathing time we found that NIV did not prevent patients from sleeping, on the contrary, they seem to aid sleep. CONCLUSIONS: In an experienced unit with a nurse-driven NIV protocol, the NIV failure can be reduced to 15% in patients receiving NIV for AHRF, and NIV of patients with hypercapnic encephalopathy can be successful. Dedicate ventilators have shown a better synchronization with the patient’s respiration without showing differences in sleep quality compared to conventional ICU ventilators. Maintaining NIV treatment during the sleep time does not impede sleep.
Foronda, Flavia Andrea Krepel. "Duração da ventilação mecânica em pediatria: impacto da introdução de avaliações diárias e teste de respiração espontânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-08082013-095322/.
Full textIntroduction: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is common in children with acute respiratory failure and is associated with several complications requiring efforts to shorten its duration. Objectives: To assess whether the combination of daily evaluation and use of a spontaneous breathing test (SBT) could shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation as compared with weaning based on our standard of care. Secondary outcome measures included extubation failure rate and the need for noninvasive ventilation (NIV).Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two pediatric intensive care units at university hospitals in Brazil. Patients: The trial involved children between 28 days and 15 years of age who were receiving MV for at least 24 hours. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to one of two weaning protocols. In the test group, the children underwent a daily evaluation to check readiness for weaning and then submitted to an SBT with 10 cm H2O pressure support and a PEEP of 5 cm H2O for 2 hours. The SBT was repeated the next day for children who failed it. In the control group, weaning was performed according to standard care procedures. Measurements and main results: A total of 294 eligible children were randomized, with 155 to the test group and 139 to the control group. The time to extubation was shorter in the test group, where the median MV duration was 3.5 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 4.0) as compared to 4.7 days (95% CI, 4.1 to 5.3) in the control group (p=0.0127). This significant reduction in the MV duration for the intervention group was not associated with increased rates of extubation failure or NIV. It represents a 30% reduction in the risk of remaining on MV (hazard ratio: 0.70). Conclusions: A daily evaluation to check readiness for weaning combined with a SBT reduced the MV duration for children on MV for more than 24 hours, without increasing the extubation failure rate or the need for NIV
Gonzaga, Carolina Silva. "Ventilação mecânica não-invasiva em crianças com insuficiência respiratória aguda: uma revisão sistemática da literatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-16022009-130828/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: The non invasive ventilation consists of the application of positive pressure in the airway of the patient through masks and interfaces without the use of a traqueal cannula. The presence of the cannula in the trachea and other factors related to the conventional invasive ventilation is responsible for diverse complications. The use of the non invasive ventilation and the development of studies on the subject have increased in the last years, with the objective to prevent and to brighten up the complications of the invasive ventilation. In selected groups of adult patients use of non invasive ventilation provides effective respiratory support while avoiding the need for endotracheal intubation and mortality decrease. OBJECTIVES: 1) Describe the general aspects related to the use of the non invasive ventilation (interfaces, fans, ways, pressures, time of use and cares) in children and adolescents with acute respiratory insufficience. 2) Avaliar the efficacy and the effectiveness of the use of the non invasive ventilation in children and adolescents with acute respiratory insufficience. 3) Describe the complications of the non invasive ventilation in children and adolescents with acute respiratory insufficience. METHODOLOGY: The medology consisted of a systematic review of literature on non invasive ventilation. The research was performed using: Medline, Lilacs, Embase and Cochrane Collaboration in the period of 1966 to the May of 2006, using the following terms: non invasive ventilation, CPAP, BIPAP, acute respiratory failure, hipoxemia and hipercapnia. The outcomes evaluted were: necessity of endotracheal intubation, mortality, effect on the oxygenation and ventilation. RESULTS: Of the 120 publications founded, 11 were to analyse the eficacy of the non invasive ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients. Of the 11 clinical trials, one was systematic review, one was randomized clinical trial and six were case series, involving a total of 145 patients. A decrease in respiratory rate, heart rate and an improvment in oxigenation and ventilation were related in all patients. Only four patients (4/145) died. However, the majority of the studies did not have control group what it disabled an analysis of the causal relation enters the non invasive ventilation in study and the outcomes evaluated. CONCLUSIONS:Because the reduced number of randomizaded clinical trials, the current data suggest that the non invasive ventilation is still an experimental therapy for children with acute respiratory failure
Matos, Gustavo Faissol Janot de. "Efeitos da manobra de recrutamento alveolar nas fases inspiratória e expiratória na tomografia computadorizada de tórax em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda ou síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-02062008-101054/.
Full textThe goal of Maximal Recruitment Strategy (MRS) guided by thoracic CT scan is to minimize alveolar collapse and the mechanisms of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). The objectives of this study were to compare by quantitative analyzes of CT scan image of the lungs obtained during MRS of patients with ARDS, the following parameters: collapse, overdistension, Tidal Recruitment (TR), Tidal Stretch (TS) and the gas distribution throughout the lungs. Methods - Twelve patients were transported to the CT room and sequences of CT scan at expiratory and inspiratory pauses were performed during MRS. MRS consisted of 2 min steps of tidal ventilation with fixed deltaPCV=15 cmH2O and progressive increments in PEEP levels (recruitment 10 - 45 cmH2O) and PEEP titration (25 - 10 cmH2O). RR=10 - 15 bpm, I:E ratio 1:1, and FiO2 1.0. The lungs were divided in 4 regions according to the sternum-vertebral axis (1 anterior and 4 posterior). Results - The mean age of the studied population was 46 ± 20,5 y.o., and 92% of the patients ad primary ARDS. In order to sustain recruitment obtained by MRS, mean PEEP levels of 23,7 ± 2,3 cmH2O were necessary and PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased from 131,6 ± 37,6 to 335,9±58,7 (p<0,01) after MRS and PEEP titration. Global collapse decreased from 54 ± 8% (P10pre) to 4,8 ± 6% (P45) (p<0,01), and was sustained at similar levels at P25post 6,7 ± 6% (p=1,0). Global TR also decreased from P10pre (4 ± 4%) to P45 (1 ± 1%) (p=0,029), and was sustained with the same levels at P25post (p=1,0). Regarding overdistension there was statistically significant increment from P10pre to P45 (p=0,032), although in absolute terms the increment was very low < 5%, and P25pre and P25post were identical (p=1,0). There was no increment of Tidal Hyperinflation from P10pre to P45 (p=0,95). TS also decrease during MRS and was maintained at low levels similar to P45 at titrated PEEP (P25post). At P10pre almost 80% of the air at FRC was located at anterior regions. During MRS the distribution of air was directed towards the posterior regions and at P25post was almost 40% (p<0,01). Discussion - The tomographic analysis revealed that during MRS there was a significantly reduction of pulmonary collapse, Tidal Recruitment and Tidal Stretch, without increasing significantly overdistension. High levels of PEEP were necessary to sustain recruitment obtained during MRS and homogeneous gas distribution throughout the lung parenchyma. When PEEP was increased from P10pre to P20pre there was an increment in TR and TS, without a significantly reduction in absolute mass of collapsed lung, suggesting that it may exacerbate the mechanisms of VILI. MRS does not promote relevant overdistention when balanced by its effects on reduction of the mechanisms of VILI. Conclusions - MRS and PEEP titration guided by CT scan decreased significantly lung collapse, Tidal Recruitment and Tidal Stretch, without increasing significantly overdistension. MRS also promoted a homogeneous gas distribution throughout the lung parenchyma.
Fracini, América Cristina. "Associação entre biomarcadores renais, funcionalidade, endurance e parâmetros nutricionais em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica não dialíticos com e sem intervenção fisioterapêutica em um ambulatório de nefrologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-14092015-092217/.
Full textINTRODUCTION Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer musculoskeletal disorders in the early stages of the disease associated with factors such as change in serum substrates, functional capacity, quality of life and nutritional characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional performance, quality of life, and respiratory parameters in patients with CKD not requiring dialysis according to the stage of kidney disease. METHODS We selected 26 individuals accompanied by the Nephrology Department of the Central Institute of the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, diagnosed with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis, and glomerular filtration rate below 45 mL / min, patients were excluded with rheumatic diseases, respiratory, neurological or who present limitations for the execution of functional tests. The following instruments were applied: Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), was performed the following tests: the Six Minutes Walk test, Sitting and Rising test, and Hand Grip Strength test were also measured the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure and lung volumes through manuvacuometria and routine laboratory tests. RESULTS The results presented by the general group were compared with those found in the literature showing lower functional and respiratory capacity than healthy individuals of the same gender and age. The evaluated individuals were also subdivided into two groups by means of the glomerular filtration rate by the formula CKD-EPI, the first group of glomerular filtration rate lower than 30 ml / min and the second group with higher glomerular filtration rate or equal to 30 ml / min. Significant differences were found regarding: maximal expiratory pressure (P 0.04) where patients with poor kidney function had higher expiratory muscle strength, parathyroid hormone (P = 0.02) and phosphorus (P 0.04). CONCLUSION: We conclude that individuals with chronic kidney disease have differences from respiratory parameters, different blood tests stages of chronic kidney disease before renal replacement therapy
Figueiredo, Flavia Cristina Almeida Leite. "Complicações pulmonares relacionadas ao transplante de medula óssea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-16122008-154325/.
Full textBone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a therapeutic procedure to replace unable marrow for another healthy one. Its used in cancer patients to cure or refresh marrow to keep the cancer treatment. Respiratory failure (RF) after BMT is associated with high mortality specially when mechanical ventilation (MV) is needed, it may be due to treatment-related toxicity, infection, or immunologic insufficiency. Many studies have trying to identify causes, predicting factors and response for the usual treatment, but until now there is no agreement in literature. The aim of this study is to identify which factors evaluated in routine anamnesis and exams pretransplant can affect the prognosis of those patients. We retrospectively collected variables in 161 consecutive cancer patients who had undergone autologous BMT. The variables obtained from the in-hospital period were submitted to univariated and multivariated stepwise logistic regression analyses. Survival analysis also was computed in 100 days follow up. There were highest association for respiratory failure (RF) with death (p<0.001) and we also found a significant association with alcohol abuse (p =0.036) and mucositis (p=0.016), and those variables remained statically significant in multivariated analysis [mucositis (p=0.004) and alcohol abuse (p=0.02)]. According to survival analysis we found significance for the major number of chemotherapy regimens received in the past (p= 0.005), mucositis (p= 0.029), alcohol abuse (p= 0.044) and decreased monoxide carbon diffusion (p=0.048). In our study the mortality rate remains high for those patients who develop RF and need MV. It seems not to have impact what kind of ventilatory support is used (invasive or non-invasive ventilation). Mucositis needs special attention because treating it we can be preventing RF and decrease mortality rates. The effect of alcohol abuse in mortality rate and RF deserve a special attention because its socially accepted and his deleterious action its not explained. The oxidative stress seems to have an important main effect over post-transplant complications and it can be increased by alcohol abuse history. The major number of chemotherapy regimens received in the past increase mortality, it could represent patients who had baseline disease more difficult to treat, more resistant, or patients who were exposed to a cumulative side effect of drugs. Monoxide carbon diffusion is a useful test to identify the risk for death
Marumo, Cristina Keiko. "Efeitos cardiovasculares das manobras de recrutamento alveolar durante lesão pulmonar aguda por ácido clorídrico: estudo experimental em suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-24012008-112723/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Alveolar collapse is a common finding in acute lung injury (ALI), leading to increased shunt and hypoxemia. Current treatment strategies aim to recruit alveoli for gas exchange. Although the alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) has been the subject of much investigation over the last two decades, its use has currently become much more prevalent for treatment of patients with ALI. Elevated lung volumes and increased pleural pressures associated with ARM may undesirably affect pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac performance. However, the benefits of ARM in oxygenation gain, weighed against negative hemodynamic effects, remain uncertain in part due to lack of data on the effects of ARM on cardiovascular function. The primary objective of this study was to verify, in an acute model of lung injury, the effects of one type of recruitment maneuver -sustained inflation- associated with different PEEP levels on cardiac function during a determined period of observation. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. SETTING: Academic research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Thirty-two white landrace pigs.Interventions: Thirty-two anesthetized pigs were ventilated in volume-controlled mode. The animals were randomly allocated into four groups (G1-PEEP, G2-PEEP-ARM, G3-ALI-PEEP, G4-ALI-PEEP-ARM) of eight each. PEEP values were progressively increased and decreased from 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm H2O in all animals and were kept unaltered for 20 minutes at each plateau value. Three sustained recruitment maneuvers of 30 cmH2O with 20 seconds of duration each were apllied at each PEEP level in the G2-PEEP-ARM and G4-PEEP-ALI-ARM groups. To induce an acute injury, mainly in dependent lung regions, hydrochloric acid (0.05N, 4ml/kg ) was instillated juxt carinae by means of a flexible bronchoscope in groups G3-ALI-PEEP and G4-ALI-PEEP-ARM. Transesophageal echocardiography, mixed central venous saturation (SVO2), intermittent and continous cardiac output by thermodilution, systemic and pulmonary pressures, gastric tonometry, oxygen transportation, consumption and metabolic indexes were measured at established points. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sustained alveolar recruitment maneuver did not provoke significant additional cardiovascular negative effects in selected groups during the 3 hours of the protocol. Independently of pulmonary lesion, during progressive PEEP augmentation, it was observed a significative (p<0.001) reduction (11.8 +- 7.4%) in cardiac index during 10 cmH2O of PEEP, (25.5?5.7%) and (36.1 +- 5.1%), during 15 and 20 cmH2O respectively, accompanied by a significant reduction in SVO2 (p<0.001) during 15 and 20 cmH2O of PEEP. At the same time, end diastolic volumes of right and left ventricles were significantly reduced during 10, 15 and 20 cmH2O of PEEP (p<0.001) and 20 cmH2O of PEEP (p<0.001) respectively. Ejection fraction of RV showed significant reduction during 10 cmH2O (p<0.05), 15 and 20 cmH2O (p< 0.001) of PEEP while LV ejection fraction remained unaltered. Oxygen transportation was significantly decreased (p<0.05) during 15 and 20 cmH2O of PEEP, acompanied by a significative oxygen extraction elevation, (p<0.001) without compromise of oxygen consumption, serum lactate, gastric tonometry and delta pCO2. CONCLUSIONS: Lung instillation of hydrochloric acid in two selected groups promoted an acute injury characterized by a drop in PaO2/FIO2 ratio, a decrease in respiratory compliance and pulmonary hypertension. During 3 hours of experimental protocol, ARM did not cause a significative hemodynamic embarrassment independently of presence of LPA. The negative cardiovascular effects during this study were related to a PEEP progression in the airway. No significant difference concerning cardiovascular effects related to PEEP was observed among the four established groups.
Scapini, Kátia Bilhar. "Força muscular respiratória, capacidade funcional, controle autonômico cardiovascular e função endotelial de pacientes com doença renal crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-11052017-141218/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and debilitating condition that presents high mortality due to cardiovascular causes. Patients with CKD have metabolic and muscular changes that are associated with decreased functional capacity and low tolerance to exercise, but little is known about the involvement of the respiratory muscles in these population. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength (RMS) of patients with CKD and to verify the existence of an association of inspiratory muscle strength with cardiovascular risk factors already described in CKD. METHODS: The sample consisted of patients with CKD (stages 3 to 5) (CKD group, n = 30) and healthy individuals (control group, C n = 11). For comparison purposes, patients with CKD were divided into two groups: non-dialytic CKD patients (stages 3 and 4 - CKD-ND group, n = 12) and patients with CKD on hemodialysis (stage 5 - group CKD-D, n = 18). All subjects performed the following procedures: digital manovacuometry to measure maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP); recording of blood pressure (BP) beat-to-beat and electrocardiogram for measurement of hemodynamic variables; register of sympathetic nervous muscle activity (SNMA); assessment of body composition by bioimpedance; assessment of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV); evaluation of endothelial function; ergospirometric test for measurement of cardiorespiratory functional capacity. For the subjects in the CKD-D group the evaluations were always performed on the second interdialytic day of the week. Subsequently, the recorded blood pressure curves were used to measure heart rate (HRV) and BP variability and to determine spontaneous baroreflex. RESULTS: Patients with CKD had a reduction in RMS when compared to the control group (MIP: CKD = 82.51 ± 24.39 vs. C = 115.20 ± 18.71 cmH2O; MEP: CKD = 99.64 ± 19, 86 vs. C = 138.90 ± 27.08 cm H2O). There was no difference in respiratory pressures between the CKD-D and the CKD-ND groups. In addition, patients with CKD had a decrease in HRV [SDNN: CKD = 19.03 (10.95 - 44.28) vs. C = 45.25 (28.45 - 76.86) ms], increased sympatovagal balance (CKD = 3.42 ± 1.99 vs. C = 1.54 ± 1.01), increased systolic BP variance [CKD = 48.60 (13.38 -149.00) vs. C = 29.76 (15.83 - 49.54) mmHg2, impairment of both activation (CKD = 0.40 ± 0.15 vs C = 0.72 ± 0.10) and baroreflex sensitivity (CKD = 7.98 ± 4.37 vs. C = 20.87 ± 10.68 ms/mmHg), as well as increased SNMA (CKD = 20.44 ± 3.88 vs. C = 17.75 ± 1.46 bursts/min). For most HRV scores, the CKD-D group presented greater impairment than the CKD-ND group. However, sympathovagal balance, systolic BP variance, SNMA and baroreflex activation were not different between the CKD-D and CKD-ND groups. In addition, patients with CKD had lower oxygen consumption than healthy subjects (CKD = 29.1 ± 7.76 vs. C = 38.5 ± 7.9 ml/kg/min), reduction of endothelial function (CKD = 4.90 ± 4.62 vs. C = 8.70 ± 2.19 %) and increased PWV (CKD = 8.30 (6.15 - 12.2) vs. C = 6.55 (5, 4 - 7.8) m/s) when compared to control group, and no differences were observed between the CKD-D and CKD-ND groups for these variables. Regarding body composition, individuals with CKD had lower cellular body mass, lower lean mass, higher fat mass, lower intracellular water, and higher percentage of extracellular water when compared to control group. No differences were observed in body composition between the CKD-D and CKD-ND groups. There was a positive association between inspiratory muscle strength and maximum oxygen consumption, as well as between MIP and serum albumin levels in individuals with CKD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CKD, even in the non-dialytic phase, have FMR impairment, mainly MIP, as well as reduction of cardiorespiratory functional capacity, and there is an association between MIP and maximal oxygen consumption in this population. In addition, patients with CKD have impairment of HRV and baroreflex sensitivity, increased sympatovagal balance, SNMA, and vascular alterations, that although they may appear to be more evident in renal dialysis patients, may also be observed in the predialytic phase of DRC
Pons, Òdena Martí. "Análisis de la efectividad de la ventilación no invasiva en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda en el paciente pediátrico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/126115.
Full textObjectives The primary objective of our study was to confirm safety and effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Our secondary objective was identify predictive factors of failure for NIV in children after describing and analyzing separately the characteristics of first-line or initial NIV, rescue and elective post-extubation NIV. Methods Patients and setting A prospective cohort study was carried out from January 2005 to December 2009 in a tertiary hospital PICU admitting patients from birth to 18 years of age. Consecutive sampling was conducted on all admitted patients who presented ARF and received NIV. Exclusion criteria were presence of any contraindications to NIV and NIV used as a palliative measure. Ethics Committee of Hospital Sant Joan de Deu approval was obtained. Data collected The patient’s data and clinical variables of NIV support for each episode were documented; type interface, ventilator and ventilation mode used (CPAP, BLPAP); settings and physiological variables prior to starting NIV, at 2, 8, 12 and 24 hours of NIV treatment; therefore, the SpO2/FiO2 ratio (SF) was also calculated retrospectively using the some intervals; appearance of complications or contraindications; mortality; NIV duration; NIV outcome (success/failure) and PICU and hospital stay. Failure of NIV was defined as the need for intubation. Results Descriptive study During the study period our PICU admitted 2238 patients, needing respiratory support. Out of this group, 491 episodes of NIV were collected. This gives us a study sample of 282 initial NIV episodes, Patients who received NIV after extubation were divided in rescue NIV 75, and elective NIV 134. Effectiveness was 71, 84 and 77% respectively. Effectiveness decreases with age, older 2 years (85%), 6months-2 years (75%), younger than 6 months (65%). Skin sores were the most common complication observed. No mortality was associated to NIV use. Multivariate analysis Independent predictive factors for NIV failure are: receiving CPAP instead of bilevel, showing respiratory failure type II, and having lower SF ratio value, greater Heart rate value and lower decrease of Heart rate at 2 hours. Conclusions Non-invasive ventilation is a safe and effective respiratory support for children with ARF.
Anjos, Carlos Frederico Dantas. "Ventilação mecânica não invasiva com pressão positiva em vias aéreas, em pacientes HIV/AIDS com lesão pulmonar aguda e insuficiência respiratória: estudo de avaliação do melhor valor de PEEP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5167/tde-09112011-134108/.
Full textINTRODUTION: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pandemic, and lung diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and are often associated with respiratory infections, hypoxemia and death. The noninvasive ventilation with positive pressure refers to the provision of mechanical ventilatory assistance without the need for artificial airway invasion, being recognized for improving oxygenation and dyspnea in patients with hipoxemic respiratory failure. Patients with AIDS and hypoxemic respiratory failure often require invasive mechanical ventilation, which is independently associated with mortality. Given the uncertainties about response in oxygenation with PEEP in patients with AIDS with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and using the rational for progressive pressurization of the airway and its potential benefits on blood oxygenation, we made the hypothesis that increased levels of sequential PEEP up to 15 cmH2O may improve blood oxygenation without affecting the comfort and hemodynamics of the patient. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sequences of PEEP levels on gas exchange, the sensation of dyspnea and hemodynamics in patients with AIDS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The secondary objective was to assess the time free of invasive mechanical ventilation in 28 days and hospital mortality within 60 days. METHODS: We studied 30 adults patients with HIV/AIDS and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. All patients received a randomized sequence of noninvasive PEEP (the values used were 5,10 or 15 cmH2O) for twenty minutes. PEEP was delivered via face mask with pressure support (PSV) of 5 cmH2O and FiO2 = 1. A washout period of 20 minutes with spontaneous breathing was allowed between each PEEP trial. Clinical variables and arterial blood gases were recorded after each PEEP step. RESULTS: Analyzing the 30 patients, oxygenation improved linearly with increasing PEEP, however studying the patients randomized according to the initial PEEP, oxygenation was similar regardless of the first randomized PEEP (5,10 or 15 cmH2O), and only the subgroup with initial PEEP = 5 cmH2O further improve the oxygenation when high PEEP were used. The PaCO2 also rose beside the PEEP elevation, especially with a PEEP = 15 cmH2O. The use of PSV = 5 cmH2O was associated with significant and consistent improvement of subjective sensation of dyspnea and respiratory rate with a PEEP from 0 to 15 cmH2O. CONCLUSION: AIDS-patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure improve oxygenation with a progressive sequential elevation of PEEP up to 15 cmH2O, however the elevation of PaCO2 limit the PEEP up to 10 cmH2O. A PSV = 5 cmH2O promotes an improvement of subjective sensation of dyspnea independently from the use of PEEP
Bousso, Albert. ""Avaliação da relação entre espaço morto e volume corrente como índice preditivo de sucesso na retirada da ventilação mecânica de crianças gravemente enfermas"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-08082005-121343/.
Full textThe ideal moment for extubation of critically ill children is still difficult to determine. The dead-space : tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) has been tested as predictor of extubation failure in adults and children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Vd/Vt as a predictor of the success of extubation in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 86 patients were studied during 16 months. The statistical study revealed that the mean Vd/Vt was not able to discriminate between failure and success of extubation in the multivariate analysis. The utility of the Vd/Vt was limited, in terms of sensibility and specificity, using a cutoff of 0,65, but was medially satisfactory in the likelihood ratio. This study suggests that the Vd/Vt can only be considered as complementary to the routine clinical evaluation prior to extubation.
Biljana, Joveš Sević. "Rani prediktori neuspeha neinvazivne mehaničke ventilacije u egzacerbaciji hronične opstruktivne bolesti pluća." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100327&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textIntroduction: Clinical guidelines that have evolved from the results of numerous randomized clinical trials state that the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), in addition to pharmacological therapy, is necessary in all patients wih severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - at the highest level of recommendation. It has been proven that the use of NIV leeds to reduction in mortality, intubation rates, and the length of stay in hospitals. Since ventilatory support in past was only delivered in intensive care units, and bearing in mind that their capacities are limited, there is a question of an adequate setting within a hospital where NIV can be used safely and efficiently, and where potential early signs of failure will be timely recognized and patient intubated, if necessary. Consequently, the studies were performed in order to identify early predictors of NIV outcome – in order to recognize NIV failure and necessity for transition towards invasive ventilation, but also in order to stratify the patients according to the level of risk, which will then dictate the necessary level of care and monitoring. Goals: This research is aimed at identification of parameters that correlate with failure of non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe exacerbation of COPD, in order to create prognostic model of outcome, which will then enable stratification of patients according to the risk of NIV failure. The model is to be used in order to determine adequate level of care and monitoring, that is, a setting within a hospital, for provision of efficent and safe ventilatory support for all patients. Methods: This 39-month prospective observational study was performed at the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica, which included 250 consecutive patients hospitalized due to severe exacerbation of COPD with respiratory acidosis. NIV was applied as pressure support mode of ventilation with the ventilators brand Covidien, type Airox Supportair, with oro-nasal mask. Initial parameters were: expiratory positive airway pressure – EPAPof 5 cm H2O and inspiratory positive airway pressure - IPAP of 12 cm H20, which were further adjusted towards the IPAP of 15-20 cmH2O, or according to the clinical response. The following data were recorded for each patient: sex, age, earlier longterm oxygen therapy, NIV episode during the previous hospitalizations, co-morbidities through Charlson index, time elapsed from admission to NIV initiation, initial blood gas values: pH, bicarbonates, PaCO2 and PaO2, initial SpO2 and PaO2/FiO2, the subsequent changes inthe blood gas values after one hour: pH, PaCO2 and PaO2, initial vital signs - heart rate, respiratory rate, consciousness level by Glasgow coma scale (GCS), body temperature, sistolic blood pressure, urine output, and then modified early warning score - MEWS, presence of consolidation on chest X-ray, tolerance, setting where NIV was applied. Primary outcome was NIV failure defined as endotracheal intubation or death during hospitalization caused by respiratory failure. All variables were first tested with univariate analysis, and those with statistical significance were further subjected to multivariate logistic regression, in order to generate an adequate statistical model. Results: Amongst the total of 250 patients, NIV was successfully applied in 164 patients (65.6 %). There were 139 (59.3%) male patients, and average age was 67. According to the univariate analysis, patients with NIV failure had: higher Charlson index (p=0.002, OR 1.293, 95%CI 1.103-1.516), consolidation in ≥2 quadrants (p=0.000, OR 5.384, 95%CI 2.487-11.655), longer time from admission to NIV initiation (p=0.0034, OR 1.005, 95%CI 1.000-1.009), increased heart rate (p=0.031, OR 2.292, 95%CI 1.080-4.864), GCS ≤11 (p=0.042, OR 1.000, 95%CI 0.165-0.969), higher MEWS score (p=0.000, OR 1.708, 95%CI 1.410-2.068), lower initial pH (p=0.004, OR 0.002, 95%CI 0.000-0.147), poorer tolerance (p=0.000, OR 2.102, 95%CI 0.145-0.339). The setting were NIV was applied influenced the outcome – odds for NIV failure were twice as high for the patients on general wards (p=0.006, OR 2.102, 95%CI 1.236-3.574). After the multivariate logistic regression, the following variables were identified as independent predictors of outcome: Charlson index (p=0.043, OR 1.246, 95%CI 1.007- 1.541), MEWS score (p=0.010, OR 1.394, 95%CI 1.083-1.795), initial pH (p=0.030, OR 0.642, 95%CI 0.430-0.958) and tolerance (p=0.000, OR 0.230, 95%CI 0.141-0.376). Conclusions: Patients with higher Charlson index (> 6 points) and MEWS score (>4 points), lower initial pH (<7.29) and tolerance (<4) are at a higher risk for nonivasive ventilation failure. High-risk patients should be admitted and ventilated at high dependency or intensive care units, while the low-risk patients may receive non-invasive ventilatory support on general wards, with adequate monitoring and under the trained staff supervision.
Costa, Taisa Daiana da. "Sistema para sincronização automática de estimulação elétrica no tratamento de insuficiência respiratória em pessoas com lesão medular." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1271.
Full textA insuficiência respiratória gerada pela lesão medular, em pessoas com tetraplegia e paraplegia torácica alta, tem sido uma das principais causas de morte desses indivíduos. A paralisação, total ou parcial, dos músculos abdominais e do diafragma dificulta a produção de tosse e diminui o volume corrente da ventilação. Este problema pode ser amenizado por meio do tratamento com estimulação elétrica funcional transcutânea (EEFT), na musculatura diafragmática e abdominal, sincronizada com a respiração espontânea. Poucos estudos têm sido direcionados a esta área e foi constatado que é de grande interesse científico que seja desenvolvido um sistema capaz de automaticamente sincronizar a estimulação elétrica com os eventos de inspiração (estimulação diafragmática) e expiração (estimulação abdominal). Por isso, nesta dissertação, desenvolveu-se um sistema de aquisição de sinal respiratório e detecção dos eventos de inspiração e expiração para sincronismo da EEFT durante a respiração tranquila. O sistema emprega uma cinta elástica acoplada a uma célula de carga baseada em strain gauges para a aquisição do sinal respiratório. Um algoritmo, baseado em análise estatística do sinal, foi desenvolvido para a detecção das fases de inspiração e expiração.Testes foram realizados em oito voluntários hígidos. A cinta foi posicionada na região da última costela, e sinais foram adquiridos com o auxílio de um osciloscópio digital. Um fisioterapeuta ajudou na análise dos sinais. Foi realizada a contagem de inspirações e expirações detectadas corretamente. O resultado dos testes alcançou a taxa de 82% de acerto na detecção dos eventos inspiratórios, e 96% para os eventos expiratórios. Os resultados indicam que o sistema desenvolvido é eficiente para a aquisição de sinais respiratórios e o algoritmo criado pode propiciar a sincronização da EEFT, com o paciente tratado em posição quase estática.
The respiratory failure, caused by spinal cord injury in people with high thoracic paraplegia and tetraplegia, has been the major cause of death for those individuals. The total or partial paralysis of the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm hinders the production of cough and decreases tidal volume. This problem can be alleviated by treatment with transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (TFES), on diaphragm and abdominal muscles synchronized with the spontaneous respiration. Few studies have been conducted on this matter, and it was found that is of great scientific interest the development of a system capable of automatically triggering the electrical stimulation with inspiration (diaphragmatic stimulation) and expiration events (abdominal stimulation). Therefore, in this work, a respiratory signal acquisition system was developed for the detection of inspiration and expiration events for triggering the electrical stimulation during quiet breathing. The system employs an elastic belt attached to a load cell based on strain gauges for acquiring the respiratory signal. An algorithm based on signal statistical analysis was developed for the detection of inspiration and expiration events. Tests were carried out in eight healthy volunteers. The belt was positioned at the last rib region, and signals were obtained with the aid of a digital oscilloscope. A physical therapist helped in the analysis of the signals by counting the inspiratory and expiratory events. The results reached the accuracy of 82% in the detection of inspiratory events, and 96% for expiratory events. The results indicate that the developed system is effective for the acquisition of respiratory signals and the created algorithm can provide synchronization of TFES with the patient in quasi-static situation during treatment.
Filipe, Mafalda Dias de Carvalho e. Santos. "Ecografia Pulmonar em Neonatologia: Aplicabilidade Diagnóstica e Funcional." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98437.
Full textAs doenças pulmonares neonatais representam um dilema diagnóstico, tendo em conta a baixa sensibilidade e especificidade dos seus sinais e sintomas clínicos. A radiografia torácica é o exame mais comumente utilizado na abordagem destas patologias, apesar dos inconvenientes que apresenta, nomeadamente ao expor o doente a radiação ionizante. Na população neonatal, especialmente vulnerável a esta exposição repetida, a ecografia pulmonar representa uma excelente alternativa à radiografia torácica. É um exame seguro, não invasivo e pode ser repetido várias vezes, permitindo avaliar a evolução de recém-nascidos com dificuldade respiratória e orientar a sua abordagem. Através do conhecimento dos diversos padrões, a ecografia pulmonar possibilita, com elevado grau de sensibilidade, o diagnóstico diferencial das principais patologias pleuroparenquimatosas pulmonares dos recém-nascidos, nomeadamente a síndrome de dificuldade respiratória tipo 1, taquipneia transitória do recém-nascido, síndrome de aspiração meconial, pneumonia, pneumotórax, entre outras. Para além disso, permite fazer uma avaliação semiquantitativa, através da realização dos Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Scores e, por conseguinte, monitorizar a progressão do impacto destas patologias. O uso sistematizado da ecografia pulmonar, particularmente sob a forma de scores pulmonares, pode ser utilizado para identificar a necessidade de administração de surfactante ou de ventilação mecânica invasiva, em recém-nascidos com síndrome de dificuldade respiratória. Neste artigo de revisão narrativa, são descritos os vários padrões ecográficos que caracterizam as patologias pulmonares neonatais e são sistematizadas as principais aplicações diagnósticas e funcionais da ecografia pulmonar em neonatologia. São, ainda, abordados casos clínicos nos quais a integração da ecografia pulmonar na prática clínica dos pediatras e neonatologistas teve um papel essencial.
Neonatal lung diseases represent a diagnostic dilemma, given the low sensitivity and specificity of their clinical signs and symptoms. Despite its disadvantages, particularly the exposure of patients to ionizing radiation, chest X-ray is the most frequently used exam in the approach of these pathologies. In the neonatal population, especially vulnerable to this repeated exposure, lung ultrasound represents an excellent alternative to chest X-ray. It is a safe, noninvasive exam and it can be repeated several times, allowing to follow-up neonates with respiratory distress and guide their approach. Through the knowledge of the various patterns, lung ultrasound allows, with high sensitivity, the differential diagnosis of the main neonatal respiratory diseases, namely respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, meconial aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, pneumothorax, among others. In addition, it enables to perform a semiquantitative evaluation, through the performance of Neonatal Lung Ultrasound Scores and, therefore, to monitor the progression of the impact of these diseases. The systematized use of lung ultrasound, particularly through pulmonary scores, can be used to identify the need for surfactant administration or invasive mechanical ventilation, in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. In this narrative review, we describe the different lung ultrasound patterns that characterize the various neonatal respiratory diseases and systematize the main diagnostic and functional applications of lung ultrasound in neonatology. Moreover, we present case reports in which the integration of lung ultrasound into the clinical practice of pediatricians and neonatologists played an essential role.
Gomes, Aramid. "A efetividade do oxigénio de alto fluxo na insuficiência respiratória: revisão sistemática." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/76756.
Full textEnquadramento: No âmbito da Unidade Curricular Estágio e Relatório Final ou Dissertação de Natureza Aplicada II, realizou-se um estágio de natureza profissional com relatório final referente às atividades desenvolvidas num Serviço de Medicina Intensiva. Este relatório assenta numa metodologia de análise crítico-reflexiva, iniciando pela sistematização dos saberes e competências, desenvolvidos no estágio, alicerçados a partir do modelo de Patricia Benner e de Urie Bronfenbrenne, centrados nos domínios das competências comuns do enfermeiro especialista e nas competências específicas do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica, na área de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica. Este exercício fez-se a partir dos padrões do conhecimento em enfermagem que conduziram à integração de competências técnicas, científicas, humanas e relacionais, suportadas por uma base ética e deontológica, que promove a prestação de cuidados, formação, gestão e investigação. Ainda no âmbito deste relatório é apresentado um estudo, envolvido por uma componente teórica baseada em evidência recente, resultante de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, cuja análise quantitativa das referências bibliográficas que a compõe, comprova a sua atualidade. Objetivos: Descrever as atividades conducentes à aquisição das competências do enfermeiro especialista na área da pessoa em situação crítica; refletir criticamente sobre as competências específicas do enfermeiro especialista na área da pessoa em situação crítica; apresentar uma revisão sistemática da literatura de efetividade que sintetize a informação pertinente para a criação de um fluxograma que auxilie a equipa de saúde multidisciplinar no processo de tomada de decisão relativamente à intervenção com oxigénio de alto fluxo. Métodos: A metodologia descritiva, analítica e reflexiva, garantiu a concretização dos dois primeiros objetivos. A metodologia da revisão sistemática da literatura de efetividade permitiu a concretização do terceiro objetivo. Utilizou-se a estratégia PICO e as recomendações PRISMA apresentadas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, partindo da questão: Qual a efetividade do oxigénio de alto fluxo no tratamento da insuficiência respiratória nos adultos em unidades de cuidados intensivos? A pesquisa decorreu ao longo do mês de maio de 2021 com recurso às plataformas de acesso: PubMed e EBSCOhost. Resultados: Descreveu-se e refletiu-se criticamente sobre as atividades concretizadas no decorrer do estágio, sobre a proposta de integração do diagnóstico processo familiar comprometido na atividade diagnóstica de enfermagem, sobre a construção de um fluxograma no âmbito do oxigénio de alto fluxo e sobre a participação em congressos científicos. Quanto à revisão sistemática da literatura de efetividade, identificaram-se 583 resultados, sendo analisados seis ensaios clínicos randomizados. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi realizada com recurso à lista de verificação de avaliação crítica do Joanna Briggs Institute. Conclusão: O estágio proporcionou uma prática informada na evidência consentânea com o desenvolvimento das competências de enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica, na área de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica. Do estudo desenvolvido revela-se que o oxigénio de alto fluxo é confortável, tolerável e eficaz no tratamento da insuficiência respiratória aguda hipoxémica e hipercápnica.
Background: Within the scope of the Curricular Unit Internship and Final Report or Dissertation of Applied Nature II, a professional internship was carried out with a final report referring to the activities developed in an Intensive Care Unit. This report is based on a critical-reflective analysis methodology, starting with the systematization of knowledge and skills, developed during the internship, based on the model of Patricia Benner and Urie Bronfenbrenne, centered on the domains of common skills of the specialist nurse and on the specific skills of the nurse specialist in medical-surgical nursing, in the area of nursing of the person in critical condition. This exercise was based on the standards of knowledge in nursing that led to the integration of technical, scientific, human and relational skills, supported by an ethical and deontological basis, which promotes the provision of care, training, management and research. Also within the scope of this report, a study is presented, involving a theoretical component based on recent evidence, resulting from a systematic review, whose quantitative analysis of the bibliographic references that comprise it, proves its relevance. Aims: Describe the activities leading to the acquisition of the skills of the specialist nurse in the area of the person in critical condition; critically reflect on the specific competences of specialist nurses in the area of the person in critical condition; to present a systematic review of effectiveness that synthesizes the information relevant to the creation of a flowchart that helps the multidisciplinary health team in the decision-making process regarding the intervention with high-flow oxygen. Methods: The descriptive, analytical and reflective methodology ensured the achievement of the first two objectives. The methodology of systematic review of effectiveness allowed the achievement of the third objective. The PICO strategy and the PRISMA recommendations presented by the Joanna Briggs Institute were used, starting from the question: How effective is high-flow oxygen in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency in adults in intensive care units? The survey took place throughout the month of may 2021 using access platforms: PubMed and EBSCOhost. Results: It was described and critically reflected on the activities carried out during the internship, on the proposed integration of the diagnosis of impaired family process in the nursing diagnostic activity, on the construction of a flowchart in the context of high-flow oxygen and on participation in scientific congresses. As for the systematic review of effectiveness, 583 results were identified, and six randomized clinical trials were analysed. The assessment of the methodological quality of the studies was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Assessment Checklist. Conclusion: The internship provided an evidence based practice, consistent with the development of the skills of a specialist nurse in medical-surgical nursing, in the area of nursing for the person in critical condition. From the study developed, it is revealed that high-flow oxygen is comfortable, tolerable and efficient in the treatment of hypoxemic and hypercapnic acute respiratory insufficiency.