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1
Guallar-Hoyas, Cristina. "Prospecting for markers of disease in respiratory diseases." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12415.
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Asthma, current detection methods and metabolites proposed as asthma markers are described. The limitation of the disease diagnosis is outlined and metabolomics is introduced as the approach carried out within this research with the potential to measure the group metabolites that characterise the metabolic responses of a biological system to a specific disease. Chemistry underlying breathing, current breath collection and analytical techniques are described as well as detection and data processing technology associated within our research. A work-flow for the collection, analysis and processing of exhaled breath samples in respiratory diseases is described. The non-invasive sampling method allows collection of exhaled breath samples on children and adults without experiencing any discomfort. The analysis of exhaled breath samples using thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry outlines the use of retention index for the alignment of VOCs retention time shifting over time. This methodology enables the creation of a breath matrix for multivariate analysis data processing where each VOC is defined by retention index and most intense fragments of the mass spectrum. This methodology is tested in two cohorts of participants: paediatric asthma and severe asthmatic participants whose breath profiles are compared against healthy controls and within the two asthmatic phenotypes to prospect the markers that differentiate between the different groups. Eight candidate markers are identified to discriminate between asthmatic children and healthy children and seven markers between asthmatics undergoing therapy and healthy controls. The database from severe and paediatric asthma is compared, establishing seven non-age related markers between the two groups. A new interface is developed for the faster analysis of exhaled breath samples using thermal desorption ion mobility mass spectrometry. The interface front end has been modified and optimised to achieve the best sensitivity and resolution of VOCs in exhaled breath. A preliminary study carried out in a small cohort of volunteers shows the feasibility of the technique for the differentiation of asthmatic and healthy adults.
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Dodd, Will. "Pediatric Respiratory Disease." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8938.
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Thomas, Biju. "Ciliated epithelium in respiratory diseases." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9568.
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Background: The ciliated respiratory epithelium that covers the surface of human airway forms an immunologically active natural barrier to invasion and injury by inhaled noxious agents. Ciliary dysfunction and or epithelial damage compromise this innate defence mechanism. Aim: To study the ciliary function and epithelial ultrastructure of adult patients with asthma and paediatric lung transplant recipients. To study the response of bronchial epithelial cells of patients with atopic severe asthma, to allergen and bacteria. Methods: Digital high speed video microscopy was used to study the ciliary function on bronchoscopic bronchial epithelial brushings. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the detailed epithelial ultrastructure. Cytokines and chemokines released by primary bronchial epithelial cells were measured using SECTOR Imager 6000 (MSD, USA). Results: Ciliary dysfunction and ultrastructural abnormalities are closely related to asthma severity. Ciliary dysfunction is a feature of moderate to severe asthma and profound ultrastructural abnormalities are restricted to severe disease. Primary bronchial epithelial cells of patients with atopic severe asthma and healthy controls are capable of releasing chemokines and cytokines in response to Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus allergen 1 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in a dose and time dependent manner. Ciliary dysfunction is a feature of native airway epithelium in paediatric Cystic Fibrosis lung transplant recipients. The allograft epithelium shows profound ultrastructural abnormalities in both Cystic Fibrosis and non-suppurative lung disease lung transplant recipients. Summary: The phenotype of secondary ciliary dyskinesia and the differential cytokine/chemokine response of the epithelium of patients with severe asthma seen in this study extend our current paradigm of severe asthma and present a new therapeutic target. The damaged allograft epithelium seen in paediatric lung transplant recipients may increase risk of microbial colonisation of the allograft airway, which may play a role in the development of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS).
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Messaggi-Sartor, Monique 1984. "Respiratory muscle dysfunction in respiratory and non-respiratory diseases : clinical and therapeutic approaches." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565809.
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Respiratory muscle dysfunction is a clinical condition that may be present in both respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. This impairment of muscle function can have a negative effect on clinical outcomes, contributing to a further worsening of the patient’s clinical condition. This doctoral thesis has been directed by the ‘Rehabilitation Research Group’ (RERG) in collaboration with the Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Group (Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group) of the Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM) in Barcelona. Muscle dysfunction has been a priority area of research in these groups from different perspectives: exercise and muscle training in the RERG, Physiopathology and Molecular Biology in the Lung Cancer and Muscle Research Group. The large number of published studies in journals with high impact factor endorses the quality and leadership of these research groups. Up to then, research on RMT had focused on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but had been scarcely addressed in other conditions. In the last 5 years, the RERG has aimed to study the effects of RMT in other respiratory diseases (bronchiectasis, lung cancer) and in non-respiratory diseases. The study of respiratory muscle dysfunction in stroke patients has made it possible to start an increasing collaboration with neurorehabilitation researchers, in which RMT plays a role in the management of patients with dysphagia.La disfunción muscular respiratoria es una condición clínica que puede estar presente tanto en las enfermedades respiratorias como no respiratorias. Este deterioro de la función muscular puede tener un efecto negativo en los resultados clínicos, lo que contribuye a un mayor empeoramiento de la condición clínica del paciente. Esta tesis doctoral ha sido dirigida por el "Grupo de Investigación en Rehabilitación" (RERG) en colaboración con el Grupo de Investigación de Enfermedades Respiratorias Crónicas y Cáncer de Pulmón (Grupo de Investigación de Cáncer de Pulmón y Músculo) del Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Mèdiques (IMIM) en Barcelona. La disfunción muscular ha sido un área prioritaria de investigación en estos grupos desde diferentes perspectivas: ejercicio y entrenamiento muscular en el RERG, Fisiopatología y Biología Molecular en el Cáncer de Pulmón y el Grupo de Investigación Muscular. El gran número de estudios publicados en revistas con alto factor de impacto refuerza la calidad y liderazgo de estos grupos de investigación. Hasta entonces, la investigación sobre RMT se había centrado en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, pero apenas se había abordado en otras condiciones. En los últimos 5 años, el RERG se ha propuesto estudiar los efectos de la RMT en otras enfermedades respiratorias (bronquiectasias, cáncer de pulmón) y en enfermedades no respiratorias. El estudio de la disfunción de los músculos respiratorios en los pacientes con ictus ha permitido iniciar una creciente colaboración con los investigadores de neurorehabilitación, en los que RMT desempeña un papel en el tratamiento de los pacientes con disfagia.
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Akpavie, Stephen Owarioro. "Globule leucocytes and respiratory diseases in cattle." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254183.
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Zmudka, Jadwiga. "Vascular and respiratory impact in neurodegenerative diseases." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0023/document.
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L'âge, les facteurs de risque vasculaire, l'inactivité physique sont connus comme facteurs de risque des syndromes démentiels.Le sommeil joue un rôle majeur dans la physiologie cérébrale. Le syndrome d'apnée du sommeil (SAS) est une pathologie fréquente chez les sujets âgés, surtout chez ceux souffrant de pathologie démentielle. Les études chez les patients atteints d'hypertension, et/ou de fibrillation atriale montrent une prévalence 2 à 3 fois plus élevée de SAS. Le cerveau et sa vascularisation forment un ensemble avec le coeur et les poumons qui fournissent l'apport en énergie et en oxygène. Une dynamique harmonieuse entre ces trois organes est nécessaire au fonctionnement physiologique du cerveau et un dysfonctionnement de cet ensemble pourrait engendrer une altération cognitive. Ce travail a pour but d'analyser les liens entre l'altération du débit vasculaire de la macro-circulation témoin de l'activité cardiaque, la pulsatilité du liquide céphalospinal reflétant l'hydrodynamique cérébrale, les paramètres respiratoires en lien avec les apnées du sommeil, et le statut cognitif du sujet âgé. En nous basant sur les résultats des bilans clinique, biologique, neuropsychologique, de l'imagerie par résonnance magnétique (morphologie et flux), des holters tensionnel et rythmique dans une population de 95 patients âgés cognitivement altérés, nous avons analysé les relations entre les paramètres concernant le cerveau, le coeur et les poumons. Cette approche révèle une relation entre ces trois systèmes et la cognition. La découverte d'une prévalence de plus de 70% de SAS dans cette population associée à d’autres résultats inattendus devrait faire l'objet de travaux ultérieursAge, vascular disorders, and lack of physical activity are known risk factors for dementia syndromes. Sleep has an important role in cerebral physiology. Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is common in elderly patients, especially in those with dementia. It was reported that the prevalence of SAS is 2 to 3 times higher in patients with arterial hypertension and/or atrial fibrillation. The brain and its vascular system cannot be considered separately from the heart and the lungs, which provide energy and oxygen supply. Cognitive alterations do not reflect the function of the brain only, and balanced dynamics between all these organs is necessary to maintain neurological functions. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to analyze the impact of altered cerebral blood flow in macrocirculation reflecting cardiac activity, pulsatility of the cerebrospinal fluid reflecting cerebral hydrodynamics, and SAS reflecting respiratory function on the cognitive status of elderly patients. Based on a clinical examination, geriatric and neuropsychological assessment, blood tests, structural magnetic resonance imaging, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement, and 24-hour electrocardiogram in the population of 95 elderly patients aged 75 years and older, and suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, we analyzed the correlations between the neurological, cardiac, and respiratory parameters. This approach allowed an identification of associations between the abnormalities in these 3 systems and cognitive function. An unexpected finding, among some other abnormalities, was the prevalence of SAS exceeding 70%, which will be the subject of future research
7
Dezateux, Carol. "Infant respiratory function after bronchiolitis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319187.
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Kwok, Kin-on. "Models of directly transmitted respiratory pathogens in hospitals and households." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687557.
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San, Angelo Donna. "THE EFFECT OF BODY POSITION ON RESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN THE INFANT WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275429.
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Leino, Timo. "Epidemiology of skin and respiratory diseases among hairdressers." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kansa/vk/leino/epidemio.pdf.
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Hägglund, Sara. "Epidemiology, detection and prevention of respiratory virus infections in Swedish cattle : with special reference to bovine respiratory syncytial virus /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005121.pdf.
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Veeranki, Sreenivas P., Shimin Zheng, Yan Cao, and Arsham Alamian. "Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with Respiratory and Atopic Diseases." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/91.
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Background: Vitamin D is known to be associated with inflammatory diseases, but its relationship with allergic diseases is unclear. The study objective is to determine the association of serum vitamin D levels and markers of wheeze, asthma and atopy.
Methods: Data (n = 9,463) on serum vitamin D levels and atopy were obtained from 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum vitamin D level was categorized into four groups: Normal (≥30ng/ml), Insufficient (21-29ng/ml), Deficient (11-20ng/ml) and Severely Deficient (≤10ng/ml). Atopy was defined as at least 1 positive allergen-specific IgE level measured for a panel of 5 common aeroallergens- cat, dog, house dust mite, cock roach and Alternaria species. Doctor-diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the previous 12 months were assessed by means of questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association of serum vitamin D with wheeze, asthma and atopy adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, outdoor physical activity, body mass index and poverty income ratio.
Results: Overall, 15%, 14% and 28% of subjects had wheeze, asthma and atopy, respectively. Approximately 21% had normal serum vitamin D levels, while 35%, 28% and 5% had insufficient, deficient and severely deficient levels. Compared to subjects with normal vitamin D levels, those with insufficient, deficient and severely deficient levels had increased relative odds of wheeze and atopy with highest adjusted estimates in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.31, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.73-3.10 for wheeze; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.17-1.89 for atopy).
Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D levels were found to be associated with wheeze and atopy. Findings contribute to ongoing efforts to understanding the role of vitamin D in atopic diseases.
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Liu, Lip-yau Joseph. "Air pollution as a risk factor for respiratory morbidity in Hong Kong : an epidemiological and economic assessment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20665830.
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Koo, Sergio Don. "Quality of life in children with chronic allergic respiratory disease a population-based child health survey in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42931538.
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O'Brien, John Kieran. "Interactions between bovine leucocytes and respiratory pathogens." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254519.
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Simmons, Joe H. "Rat respiratory virus (RRV) and other novel rodent diseases /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025651.
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Veeranki, Sreenivas P., Yan Cao, and Shimin Zheng. "Twin Faces! Vitamin E and Respiratory and Atopic Diseases." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/50.
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Purpose
To estimate susceptibility to smoking among never-smoking youth globally and identify factors associated with such behavior.
Methods
Cross-sectional data for 168 countries were obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Frequencies and proportions for descriptive statistics, and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for logistic regression models were reported.
Results
Approximately 12.5% of never-smoking youth worldwide were susceptible to smoking worldwide, of which 7.2% were males and 5.3% were females. Compared with youth in the Americas, those in other WHO regions were associated with decreased susceptibility to smoking. Regardless of gender, exposure to parental or peer smoking, secondhand smoke inside or outside home, and tobacco industry promotion was associated with increased smoking susceptibility. In contrast, support for smoke-free policies and school antismoking education was associated with decreased susceptibility to smoking among females. Moreover, exposure to antismoking media messages was associated with increased susceptibility to smoking among never-smoking youth.
Conclusions
Approximately 1 in 8 never-smoking youth worldwide was found to be susceptible to smoking. A comprehensive approach involving parental and peer education, smoke-free policies, ban on tobacco advertising and promotions, and antismoking education in schools should be developed by policy makers and public health professionals to protect never-smoking youth from being susceptible to smoking and transforming into future regular smokers.
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Kharitonov, Sergei Alexandrovich. "Exhaled nitric oxide in airway diseases." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266411.
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Brown, C. W. "Household dust and respiratory allergy : a study of household dust exposure and respiratory allergy in UK households." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843797/.
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This thesis is designed to explore the hypothesis that settled dust in a domestic environment can contain significant levels of allergens and that common cleaning methods employed to remove dust can result in sufficient airborne exposure to potentially trigger an allergic reaction. Qualitative feedback from respondents in studies of furniture dusting habits indicated that household furniture dusting could elicit an allergic response. A consumer questionnaire was fielded to confirm the problem and it's magnitude. This indicated that it affected approximately 20% of allergy sufferers (or approximately 5% of the total UK population). Further work was performed to estimate the level of allergen exposure during dusting. Additional consumer research was fielded to ascertain the surface area being dusted, (approximately 54000cm2 for frequently dusted areas and 10000cm2 for frequently dusted areas). Domestic dusting habits were probed for the relative frequency of dusting method, which split evenly between dry dusting, wet dusting with water and wet dusting with a furniture polish. Surface sampling techniques were adapted to make in-home measurements of the rate of dust settling which was found to be approximately 3.19x10 -7 g.cm-2,day-1. In-home sampling was also undertaken to measure the mean allergen content of surface dust for major allergens, yielding 24667ng.g-1 combined dust mite, 47696ng.g-1 Fel d 1 and approximately 126 8 08ng.g-1 Can f 1. Laboratory-based studies determined the relative amount of dust rendered airborne during dusting of different furniture surface types and comparing different cleaning methods. This was found to be between 2.3- 43.0%. From these experiments, a model "average" home was constructed and used to estimate the exposure towards dust allergens during a typical dusting task. Exposure was estimated to be as much as 16500ng total dust mite, 124000 mug (31000 mU) cat allergen and 275000 ng (IU) dog allergen per dusting method. These results indicated that allergen exposure, under certain circumstances, could exceed the threshold levels that have been proposed for the onset of sensitisation.
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Zhao, Hanjun, and 赵旵军. "A study of antiviral peptides with broad activity against respiratory viruses." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/205838.
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A safe, potent and broad-spectrum antiviral is urgently needed to combat emerging viral respiratory diseases such as avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Previous studies carried out by PhD students in our lab found that mouse β-defenisn 4 (mBD4) shows highly antiviral activity in vitro. However, the recombinant mBD4 (rmBD4) expressed by E.coli is limited to very small scale of production and is very expensive.
Thus, in this study, we firstly screened 16 short peptides derived from mBD4 and other mouse and human β-defensins for identifying their antiviral effects. One short peptide P9 (30 amino acids), derived from mBD4, exhibited potent and broad-spectrum antiviral effects against multiple respiratory viruses, including influenza A viruses H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N7 and H7N9, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)and MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This P9 showed very high selectivity index (970), which was higher than that of the full-length peptide of synthetic mBD4 (smBD4) and rmBD4 in vitro. Secondly, the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of P9 against the infection of H1N1 virus were further detected in animal model. The survival rate of P9-pretreated mice challenged by lethal dose of H1N1 virus was 100%. The therapeutic effects of P9 protecting mice from lethal challenge of H1N1 virus were also statistically significant. The survival rate of mice could reach up to 67% by intranasal inoculation and 56% by intraperitoneal injection, respectively.
To investigate the antiviral mechanism, we firstly elucidated that P9 could inhibit viral infection but not viral replication or release. Secondly, we detected whether P9 inhibited viral infection by binding to the surface of target cells or viral particles. The results showed that P9 only bound to viral particles but not to the cell surface. It was further identified that P9 bound to viral surface glycoprotein HA but not NA. Thirdly, we demonstrated that P9 did not inhibit virus binding to its receptor and block the virus entry into cells by endocytosis. Instead, P9 inhibited the acidification in late endosomes and thusP9 blocked virus-membrane fusion and subsequent viral disassembly and viral RNA release. Finally, we elucidated that the antiviral activity of P9 was attributed to its high binding affinity to viral HA and the abundance of basic amino acids in its composition.
In this study, we have demonstrated that a short peptide P9, which is derived from mBD4, showed potent antiviral activity against multiple respiratory viruses. This peptide can be developed to a new promising prophylactic and therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antiviral activity and low possibility to cause drug resistance. Moreover, this study has also revealed a novel antiviral mechanism for P9 and paved a path for the development of new antiviral agents with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against emerging respiratory viruses, such as avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9, as well as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.published_or_final_version
Microbiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Yip, Ming-shum, and 葉名琛. "Immune responses of human respiratory epithelial cells to respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3955725X.
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Cantero, Recasens Gerard 1984. "Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in the pathophysiology of chronic respiratory diseases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104537.
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Calcium works as a second intracellular messenger in all cell types and its downstream signalling
is a key pathway for many systemic functions. In the lungs, the majority of activating stimuli
trigger intracellular calcium increase, which is indispensable for the normal functioning of the
airways; thus, deregulation of this pathway leads to pathological conditions. This Thesis aims to
understand the relationship of intracellular calcium homeostasis and chronic respiratory
pathologies such as asthma. I have studied three different processes involved in calcium
homeostasis and their role in asthma pathophysiology: 1) I have shown the genetic association of a
defect in calcium entry via TRPV1 with wheezing and cough, which is one feature of asthma
pathophysiology; 2) I have also demonstrated the product of the asthma associated ORMDL3 gene
is a Ca++ homeostasis and UPR modulator; and 3) I have provided a new Ca++ dependent sorting
mechanism for secretory cargoes that bind calcium.El Calci és un segon missatger intracel·lular en tots els tipus cel·lulars i la cascada de senyalització generada pel calci és una via de senyalització cel·lular clau per moltes funcions sistèmiques. En els pulmons, la majoria d’estímuls activadors produeixen un increment del calci intracel·lular, el qual és indispensable pel funcionament correcte de les vies respiratòries; i, per tant, una desregulació d’aquesta via de senyalització porta a diferents situacions patològiques. Aquesta Tesi té com a objectiu entendre la relació entre l’homeòstasi del calci intracel·lular i les malalties respiratòries cròniques, com per exemple, l’asma. Hem estudiat tres processos diferents implicats en l’homeòstasi del calci i el seu rol en la fisiopatologia de l’asma: 1) Hem demostrat que hi ha una associació genètica entre un defecte en l’entrada de calci via TRPV1 i un dels trets característics de l’asma, la tos; 2) també hem trobat que l’ORMDL3, que havia estat associat amb l’asma, és un modulador de l’homeòstasi del calci i de la UPR; i 3) hem aportat un nou mecanisme de classificació en el Golgi depenent de Ca++ per a proteïnes que uneixen calci i que seran secretades.
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Ólafsdóttir, Inga Sif. "Inflammatory Markers, Respiratory Diseases, Lung Function and Associated Gender Differences." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Lungmedicin och allergologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160226.
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Systemic inflammation is associated with impaired lung function. Inflammation is part of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the local and systemic inflammatory pattern differs. The overall aim was to evaluate systemic inflammatory markers in obstructive lung diseases and more specifically: To determine if CRP is related to respiratory symptoms, asthma, atopy and bronchial responsiveness (paper I), in a population sample from three countries (paper I and II); to evaluate if CRP is related to COPD, lung function and rate of lung function decline (paper II); to investigate the association of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 with lung function in a cross-sectional population based study (paper III); and finally, to study possible gender differences in the longitudinal association between CRP and lung function in a prospective population based study (paper IV). In the first study we reported that CRP was related to non-allergic asthma but not allergic asthma, and that CRP was related to respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, nocturnal cough and breathlessness after effort, but not associated with atopy or bronchial responsiveness. In the second study we found that COPD was more common in subjects in the highest CRP quartiles and higher CRP levels were associated with lower FEV1 values in both men and women, but the negative association between CRP and FEV1 was larger in men than women. The FEV1 decline was larger in men with high CRP levels, whereas no such association was found for women. In the third study we reported that lower FEV1 was associated with higher levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and their ratio MMP-9/TIMP-1. After stratification for gender this association was significant in men but not women. In the fourth study we found that CRP levels were associated with change in both FEV1 and FVC in men but not women. This association was found for both baseline CRP and change in CRP, confirming a stronger association between systemic inflammation and lung function decline in men than women. In conclusion, systemic inflammation is associated with non-allergic asthma but not allergic asthma. Our findings of a stronger association between the systemic inflammation and lung function impairment in men, but not women, may indicate a gender difference in the mechanisms of lung function decline.
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Chu, Thi Ha. "Phenotyping of chronic respiratory diseases in the South of Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/288355/4/coverpage.pdf.
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Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) include chronic diseases involving the airways and other structures of the lung. In the current circumstance of Vietnam, people are exposed to numerous risk factors of CRD, such as heavy smoking, high frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic helminthiasis, allergic factors, migration and urbanization (the last associated with traffic-related pollution). The phenotype diagnoses should take into account the risk factors of each individual besides the clinical features, while the differential diagnoses mostly depend on the available techniques in each healthcare center. Our aim was to improve the differential diagnoses of the 3 most frequent CRDs: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and COPD – asthma overlap syndrome (ACOS), in Vietnam. In the first part, we evaluated the prevalence of the allergen sensitization among patients with CRD, in regard to the urban and rural area in the South of Vietnam. House dust mites and cockroach droppings were the most frequent sensitizer. Compared with participants born in the urban setting, those born in the rural environment were less frequently sensitized and this protective effect disappeared in the case of migration from rural to urban areas. In the second part, we evaluated skin prick test as a method to screen dust mite sensitization in CRD in southern Vietnam. The data suggested that, in the present circumstance, skin prick test can be used to screen mite sensitization. In the third part, we evaluated the risk of mite sensitization in the native and migrant population, in regard to several environmental factors. Consistently with the hygiene hypothesis, compared to urban, exposure to high endotoxin concentration in rural was a protective factor against allergic sensitization. We reported for the first time that this effect was reversible among the migrants from rural to urban setting in association with lower endotoxin exposure. In the fourth part, we have defined asthma, COPD and ACOS based on clinical symptoms, cumulative smoking and airway expiratory flow with reversibility, on one side, and the age-related of the different phenotypes, on the other side. We hypothesized that the cumulative exposure to noxious particles should increase the age-related prevalence of COPD, while due to the immunosenescence process, the prevalence of IgE-mediated asthma should decrease with age, and ACOS prevalence being not related to age due to the combined mechanisms. In conclusion, we showed in the South of Vietnam that:1) mites and cockroach allergens were the most frequent sensitizer in chronic respiratory diseases;2) the skin prick test to mite has been validated to screen mite sensitization;3) associated with a reduced level of endotoxin level, migration from rural to the urban setting was a risk factor of mite sensitization in chronic respiratory diseases;4) based on the clinical symptoms, spirometric values, and cumulative smoking, the diagnosis of asthma, COPD and ACOS have been made and their prevalence were 25, 42 and 33%, respectively.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Crockett, Alan J. "The prevalence of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmc943.pdf.
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Summers, Quentin. "Observations on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pulmonary deposition of nedocromil sodium." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316450.
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Ng, Wai Hong. "Studies on the mechanism of adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386671.
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Petersson, Christer. "Preschool children day-care, diseases and drugs : studies of risk factors for respiratory tract infections /." Lund : Dept. of Community Health Sciences, Lund University, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=Vs9sAAAAMAAJ.
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Hansson, Anna. "Cellular responses to respiratory chain dysfunction /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-493-7/.
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Veeranki, Sreenivas P., Yan Cao, Shimin Zheng, Megan Quinn, and Liang Wang. "Two Faces in the Lung! Vitamin E and Respiratory and Atopic Diseases." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/88.
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Bergh, Alison. "The effect of passive thoracic flexion-rotation movement on the total static compliance of the respiratory system and respiratory responses in ventilated patients." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/408.
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Wai, Chi-wan, and 衛至韻. "Development of shell vial culture assay for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses using the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo2) cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193551.
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Background: Respiratory diseases are common worldwide, which are caused by various respiratory viruses. As symptoms caused by these viruses are similar, laboratory diagnosis is essential to distinguish the virus. Conventionally, respiratory viruses are isolated by cell culture with a panel of cell lines. However, handling of several cell lines is labour intensive, and the turnaround time of conventional culture is long. In previous study, the use of human colon adeno-carcinoma (Caco-2) in conventional culture was investigated. The study has proven that Caco-2 is generally susceptible to the eight common respiratory viruses, i.e. Adenovirus, Influenza A and B, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus 1, 2,3 and 4. As turnaround time of conventional culture is long; therefore, in this study, rapid shell vial culture using Caco-2 cells were evaluated. Moreover, the application of Caco-2 shell vial culture on recovering human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was also investigated.
Materials and methods: This study consisted of four stages. First, recovery of viruses by conventional culture and shell vial culture of Caco-2 were compared. Specimens were added to conventional culture and shell vial simultaneously. For conventional culture, formation of CPE was examined daily and IF staining was performed when CPE was indicated; meanwhile, shell vial culture were incubated for seven days and stained with IF to detect infected cells. In stage two, the effect of incubating shell vial culture in rolling drum was investigated. Shell vials inoculated with the same specimen in duplicate were incubated in rolling drum and without rolling drum simultaneously. IF staining was performed in day 2, and results were obtained. For those which are IF negative in day 2, second shell vial was further incubated to seven days before harvest. In the next stage, a large batch of samples was used to evaluate on the use of Caco-2 shell vial culture in day 2 and day 7. Lastly, Caco-2 shell vial and conventional culture and LLC-MK2 conventional culture were tested for isolation of hMPV.
Results: Compared to Caco-2 conventional culture, recovery rate of shell vial culture was elevated slightly. When experimenting on the effect of incubation in rolling drum, results showed that recovery rate was raised in shell vial with rolling drum in day 2, moreover, the percentage of positive cells were increased significantly (p value < 0.05). Furthermore, in the evaluation of Caco-2 shell vial in day 2 and day 7, 75% of samples were isolated in day 2 while 85% were recovered in day 7. Lastly, in the investigation on recovery of hMPV, 53%, 42% and 17% hMPV positive cases were isolated by Caco-2 shell vial, Caco-2 conventional culture and LLC-MK2 conventional culture respectively.
Conclusion: First, although recovery rate by shell vial and conventional culture were similar, turnaround time was reduced from a week to a few days by shell vial culture. Therefore, Caco-2 shell vial culture is a more efficient than Caco-2 conventional culture in isolating respiratory viruses. The study also showed that incubation of shell vial in rolling drum able to increase the number of positive cells. Furthermore, in this study, Caco-2 cells were also shown to be more efficient in isolating hMPV when compare to LLC-MK2 cells.published_or_final_version
Microbiology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Choi, Wai-yee Junet. "Serum neopterin for early assessment of severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Dengue virus infection." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32031579.
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Kwok, Kin-on, and 郭健安. "Models of directly transmitted respiratory pathogens in hospitals and households." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687557.
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Reynolds, Paul N. "The role of tachykinins in airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr464.pdf.
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Lozano, García Manuel. "Multichannel analysis of normal and continuous adventitious respiratory sounds for the assessment of pulmonary function in respiratory diseases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397706.
Full textAbstract:
Respiratory sounds (RS) are produced by turbulent airflows through the airways and are
inhomogeneously transmitted through different media to the chest surface, where they can be recorded
in a non-invasive way. Due to their mechanical nature and airflow dependence, RS are affected by
respiratory diseases that alter the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. Therefore, RS provide
useful clinical information about the respiratory system structure and functioning.
Recent advances in sensors and signal processing techniques have made RS analysis a more objective
and sensitive tool for measuring pulmonary function. However, RS analysis is still rarely used in clinical
practice. Lack of a standard methodology for recording and processing RS has led to several different
approaches to RS analysis, with some methodological issues that could limit the potential of RS analysis
in clinical practice (i.e., measurements with a low number of sensors, no controlled airflows, constant
airflows, or forced expiratory manoeuvres, the lack of a co-analysis of different types of RS, or the use
of inaccurate techniques for processing RS signals).
In this thesis, we propose a novel integrated approach to RS analysis that includes a multichannel
recording of RS using a maximum of five microphones placed over the trachea and the chest surface,
which allows RS to be analysed at the most commonly reported lung regions, without requiring a large
number of sensors. Our approach also includes a progressive respiratory manoeuvres with variable
airflow, which allows RS to be analysed depending on airflow. Dual RS analyses of both normal RS
and continuous adventitious sounds (CAS) are also proposed. Normal RS are analysed through the RS
intensity–airflow curves, whereas CAS are analysed through a customised Hilbert spectrum (HS),
adapted to RS signal characteristics.
The proposed HS represents a step forward in the analysis of CAS. Using HS allows CAS to be fully
characterised with regard to duration, mean frequency, and intensity. Further, the high temporal and
frequency resolutions, and the high concentrations of energy of this improved version of HS, allow CAS
to be more accurately characterised with our HS than by using spectrogram, which has been the most
widely used technique for CAS analysis.
Our approach to RS analysis was put into clinical practice by launching two studies in the Pulmonary
Function Testing Laboratory of the Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital for assessing pulmonary
function in patients with unilateral phrenic paralysis (UPP), and bronchodilator response (BDR) in
patients with asthma. RS and airflow signals were recorded in 10 patients with UPP, 50 patients with
asthma, and 20 healthy participants.
The analysis of RS intensity–airflow curves proved to be a successful method to detect UPP, since we
found significant differences between these curves at the posterior base of the lungs in all patients whereas no differences were found in the healthy participants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first study that uses a quantitative analysis of RS for assessing UPP.
Regarding asthma, we found appreciable changes in the RS intensity–airflow curves and CAS features
after bronchodilation in patients with negative BDR in spirometry. Therefore, we suggest that the
combined analysis of RS intensity–airflow curves and CAS features—including number, duration, mean
frequency, and intensity—seems to be a promising technique for assessing BDR and improving the
stratification of BDR levels, particularly among patients with negative BDR in spirometry.
The novel approach to RS analysis developed in this thesis provides a sensitive tool to obtain objective
and complementary information about pulmonary function in a simple and non-invasive way. Together
with spirometry, this approach to RS analysis could have a direct clinical application for improving the
assessment of pulmonary function in patients with respiratory diseases.Los sonidos respiratorios (SR) se generan con el paso del flujo de aire a través de las vías respiratorias y se transmiten de forma no homogénea hasta la superficie torácica. Dada su naturaleza mecánica, los SR se ven afectados en gran medida por enfermedades que alteran las propiedades mecánicas del sistema respiratorio. Por lo tanto, los SR proporcionan información clínica relevante sobre la estructura y el funcionamiento del sistema respiratorio. La falta de una metodología estándar para el registro y procesado de los SR ha dado lugar a la aparición de diferentes estrategias de análisis de SR con ciertas limitaciones metodológicas que podrían haber restringido el potencial y el uso de esta técnica en la práctica clínica (medidas con pocos sensores, flujos no controlados o constantes y/o maniobras forzadas, análisis no combinado de distintos tipos de SR o uso de técnicas poco precisas para el procesado de los SR). En esta tesis proponemos un método innovador e integrado de análisis de SR que incluye el registro multicanal de SR mediante un máximo de cinco micrófonos colocados sobre la tráquea yla superficie torácica, los cuales permiten analizar los SR en las principales regiones pulmonares sin utilizar un número elevado de sensores . Nuestro método también incluye una maniobra respiratoria progresiva con flujo variable que permite analizar los SR en función del flujo respiratorio. También proponemos el análisis combinado de los SR normales y los sonidos adventicios continuos (SAC), mediante las curvas intensidad-flujo y un espectro de Hilbert (EH) adaptado a las características de los SR, respectivamente. El EH propuesto representa un avance importante en el análisis de los SAC, pues permite su completa caracterización en términos de duración, frecuencia media e intensidad. Además, la alta resolución temporal y frecuencial y la alta concentración de energía de esta versión mejorada del EH permiten caracterizar los SAC de forma más precisa que utilizando el espectrograma, el cual ha sido la técnica más utilizada para el análisis de SAC en estudios previos. Nuestro método de análisis de SR se trasladó a la práctica clínica a través de dos estudios que se iniciaron en el laboratorio de pruebas funcionales del hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, para la evaluación de la función pulmonar en pacientes con parálisis frénica unilateral (PFU) y la respuesta broncodilatadora (RBD) en pacientes con asma. Las señales de SR y flujo respiratorio se registraron en 10 pacientes con PFU, 50 pacientes con asma y 20 controles sanos. El análisis de las curvas intensidad-flujo resultó ser un método apropiado para detectar la PFU , pues encontramos diferencias significativas entre las curvas intensidad-flujo de las bases posteriores de los pulmones en todos los pacientes , mientras que en los controles sanos no encontramos diferencias significativas. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer estudio que utiliza el análisis cuantitativo de los SR para evaluar la PFU. En cuanto al asma, encontramos cambios relevantes en las curvas intensidad-flujo yen las características de los SAC tras la broncodilatación en pacientes con RBD negativa en la espirometría. Por lo tanto, sugerimos que el análisis combinado de las curvas intensidad-flujo y las características de los SAC, incluyendo número, duración, frecuencia media e intensidad, es una técnica prometedora para la evaluación de la RBD y la mejora en la estratificación de los distintos niveles de RBD, especialmente en pacientes con RBD negativa en la espirometría. El método innovador de análisis de SR que se propone en esta tesis proporciona una nueva herramienta con una alta sensibilidad para obtener información objetiva y complementaria sobre la función pulmonar de una forma sencilla y no invasiva. Junto con la espirometría, este método puede tener una aplicación clínica directa en la mejora de la evaluación de la función pulmonar en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias
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Song, Wei Ash, and 宋威. "Demographic determinants of risk perception of newly emerging respiratory infectious diseases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46941617.
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Popeliuk, N. O. "Features of diagnosis and treatment of atypical respiratory diseases in children." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19807.
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Ortner, Margarete. "Morpho-functional markers in X-ray computed tomography for respiratory diseases." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05S007.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail vise à développer un système de diagnostic assisté par ordinateur ciblant les maladies pulmonaires responsables de changements biologiques et morphologiques dans les voies respiratoires. L'intérêt clinique est la compréhension des mécanismes et relations entre la physiologie et le phénotype / génotype du patient. Ce système DAO adopte le concept "image comme marqueur" et explore les données MDCT obtenues en routine clinique. Ainsi, des approches d’investigation basées sur l'image sont abordées pour identifier les marqueurs pathologiques en jeu. L’enjeu majeur est la segmentation volumétrique de la paroi bronchique. La méthode originale développée dans ce travail utilise un modèle de surface active spécifique au patient et évoluant selon une dynamique lagrangienne contrainte par un champ de diffusion. Les autres contributions concernent l’évaluation semi-quantitative de la variation de la forme des bronches et la détection automatique des anomalies. Pour cela, une notion de calibre local a été exploitée. L'épaisseur pariétale ainsi que les simulations d’écoulement quantifient l’effet du remodelage bronchique. Le système est complété par des outils de visualisation intuitive, navigation et interaction. Les solutions développées ont été validées aussi bien sur des données réelles provenant d’études cliniques qui incorporent 150 patients, que sur des données simulées. Ces dernières ont été obtenues en générant des fantômes numériques avec des géométries spécifiques au patient et en simulant l'acquisition TDM. Les résultats montrent une précision de l'ordre de la résolution axiale de l'image et une robustesse vis-à-vis de la variabilité inter-patient et inter-protocoleThe motivation of this work is the development of a computer-aided diagnosis system targeting pulmonary diseases which induce biological and morphological changes to the airway system. The clinical interest lies in understanding the mechanisms and relationships between airway physiology and the clinical phenotype and genotype. Such a CAD system adopts the concept of “Image as Marker” and exploits routinely available MDCT image data. Thus image-based investigation approaches are tackled in order to identify relevant pathological markers. The key issue of our work is the volumetric segmentation of the airway wall. The developed original approach relies on a patient-specific, deformable mesh model evolving according to Lagrangian dynamics, under the constraints of an external diffusion vector field. Other contributions concern semi-quantitative assessment of the airway shape variation and the automatic detection of shape abnormalities exploiting the notion of local maximal airway lumen caliber. The local wall thickness information as well as computational fluid dynamics simulations capture the airway remodeling. Intuitive visualization, navigation and interaction capabilities associated with the extracted quantitative data complete the developed system. All the solutions were quantitatively and qualitatively validated, either on real MDCT images during clinical studies including 150 patients or on simulated data. Latter were achieved by computer phantoms involving patient-specific geometries and CT acquisition simulation. The results reported a precision in the range of the CT image resolution and the robustness towards acquisition and inter-patient variability
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McDougall, Catherine M. "Airway epithelial cell function in childhood wheeze." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25500.
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Hwang, Alexander, Iskandarani Mahmoud MD El, Kurdi Bara MD El, Ibrahim MD Haddad, and Sumbal MD Babar. "Tracheobronchomalacia: An Unreported Pulmonary Complication of Acute Pancreatitis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/10.
Full textAbstract:
Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease with systemic complications, specifically pulmonary complications that are well-documented [1]. Here we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of tracheobronchomalacia as a respiratory complication of AP.
A 54-year-old white male with multiple chronic comorbidities developed necrotizing acute pancreatitis (NAP) following a surgical procedure. Internal Medicine evaluated and managed his NAP according to protocol. Within one week of NAP onset, the patient developed rapid respiratory distress. Chest radiography and ABGs were unable to diagnose ARDS. A CT scan with IV contrast was completed to investigate a pulmonary embolus and found the tracheal diameter variations during inspiration and expiration of the respiratory cycle consistent with tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). The patient’s respiratory status continued to deteriorate requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with weaning trials proving to be futile. The patient eventually developed fungemia and expired after his family opted for palliative extubation.
Airway collapse related to TBM is an under-recognized diagnosis which should be suspected in patients with NAP who develop acute respiratory distress in whom no specific etiology has been determined.
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Edwards, Steven. "Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236104.
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Connolly, Martin J. "The development and use of a dosimeter for the investigation of non-specific bronchial responsiveness." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241368.
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Woodward, Alistair. "Passive smoking and acute respiratory illness in childhood." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw899.pdf.
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Paudyal, Priyamvada. "Respiratory symptoms and lung function in relation to cotton dust and endotoxin exposure in textile workers in Nepal." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166944.
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Background: Cotton workers are highly exposed to organic dust. Inhalation of cotton based particulate has been associated with various respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. This study investigates the respiratory health profile of textile mill workers in Nepal in relation to dust and endotoxin exposure. Methods: This study was conducted in four sectors (garment, carpet, weaving and recycling) of the textile industry in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 938 individuals completed a health questionnaire and performed spirometry. A subset of 384 workers performed cross-shift spirometry. Personal exposure to inhalable dust and airborne endotoxin was measured during a full-shift for a 114 workers. Results: Geometric mean concentrations of personal exposure to cotton dust and endotoxin were 0.81 mg/m3 and 2160 EU/m3 respectively. Overall prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, wheeze, breathlessness and chest tightness were 8.5%, 12.5%, 3.2%, 6.5%and 3.6% respectively. Symptoms were most common among the recyclers and less in the garment sector. Exposure to inhalable dust significantly predicted the symptoms of persistent cough and chest tightness. Significant cross-shift reduction in FEV1, FVC, and FEF25_75 were measured in the textile workers (p<0.001 for all); reductions being greater in the recyclers (-143 ml) and smallest in the garment workers (-38 ml) (p=0.012). Cross-shift reduction in FEV1 was significantly predicated by exposure to inhalable dust. Exposure to endotoxin did not correlate with any of the respiratory symptoms nor to lung function. Conclusion: The measured association between exposure to inhalable dust and reporting of respiratory symptoms and lung function suggests that despite high levels of endotoxin exposures, inhalable dust is the driver for these effects and attention should turn to what might be the toxic component in this dust other than endotoxin.
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Silva, José Pablo. "The pathophysiology of respiratory chain dysfunction /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-234-9/.
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Almond, Elizabeth Jennifer Philippa. "Epstein-Barr virus infection of the lower respiratory tract." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208484.
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Wong, Chun-nin Adam, and 黃春年. "Analyses of influenza viral cytopathic effect in human lower respiratory tract." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290860.
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FlorÃncio, Caroline Mary Gurgel Dias. "Nosocomial infection Childhood:he importance of respiratory viruses as agents of these diseases." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12835.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorNosocomial infections (NI) are a serious public health problem. Knowledge about the etiology of NI is important for the development of control measures, prevention and treatment. Viruses are important etiologic agent of NI has been studied in populations considered at risk as premature, heart disease, lung disease, and immunosuppressed. Respiratory hospital infection (RHI) generate discomfort to patients, postponing medical interventions, postoperative complications, use more drugs and, in some cases, intensive care, may progress to cure or to death. Viruses are responsible for outbreaks of RHI in wards and intensive care units, with the virus as detected respiratory syncytial virus. In our country there are few data on the impact of RHI caused by respiratory viruses in children. Aims of the study were: identify and describe RHI cases in children and submit nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from January to December 2013 to search for molecular diagnosis 13 respiratory viruses [respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza virus -1 ,-2 , -3 and -4 , metapneumovirus and human coronavirus OC43 , NL63 , 229E and HKU - 1]. During the study period, 120 samples were included in the study and 65 % were positive for at least one virus. A total of 114 viruses were detected (33 RSV, 32 adenovirus, 14 Parainfluenza -3, 14 influenza A , 12 Parainfluenza -4 , 5 parainfluenza -1 , 3 metapneumovirus and 1 coronavirus OC43). Co-detections occurred in 26 cases: 16 with two viruses and 10 with three viruses. No clinical differences between positive and negative RHI for viruses investigated were observed. Respiratory virus were detected in four of five deaths (5/120 4.16%) associated RHI. The knowledge about the occurrence of viral RHI in association with the period of viruses circulation in the community, as described in the study, allows to develop specific actions steps to prevent and control hospital outbreaks caused by viruses.
As infecÃÃes relacionadas à assistÃncia à saÃde (IRAS) sÃo um sÃrio problema de saÃde pÃblica. O conhecimento sobre a etiologia das IRAS à importante para o desenvolvimento de medidas de controle, prevenÃÃo e tratamento. A importÃncia dos vÃrus na etiologia das IRAS tem sido estudada em populaÃÃes consideradas de risco, como prematuros, cardiopatas, pneumopatas e imunodeprimidos. As infecÃÃes respiratÃrias hospitalares (IRH) geram aos pacientes desconforto, adiamento de intervenÃÃes mÃdicas, complicaÃÃes pÃs-cirÃrgicas, uso adicional de medicamentos e, em alguns casos, cuidados intensivos, podendo cursar para a cura ou para o Ãbito. Os vÃrus sÃo responsÃveis por surtos de IRH em enfermarias e unidades de terapia intensiva, sendo o vÃrus sincicial respiratÃrio o mais detectado. Em nosso paÃs sÃo escassos os dados sobre o impacto das IRH causadas por vÃrus respiratÃrios em pediatria. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: identificar e descrever os casos de IRH em crianÃas e submeter aspirados de nasofaringe coletados no perÃodo de janeiro a dezembro de 2013 ao diagnÃstico molecular para pesquisa de 13 vÃrus respiratÃrios [vÃrus sincicial respiratÃrio (VSR), adenovÃrus, influenza A e B, parainfluenza 1, 2, 3 e 4, metapneumovÃrus e coronavÃrus humanos OC43, NL63, 229E e HKU-1]. Para tanto, as amostras foram extraÃdas para obtenÃÃo do material genÃtico viral e, posteriormente, para os vÃrus de RNA, parte deste produto foi transformada em DNA complementar e depois a amplificado. Para detecÃÃo do adenovÃrus, foram realizados PCR e Nested PCR. No perÃodo de estudo, 120 amostras foram incluÃdas e 65% delas foram positivas para pelo menos um vÃrus. Um total de 114 vÃrus foram detectados (33 VSR; 32 adenovÃrus; 14 parainfluenza-3; 14 influenza A; 12 parainfluenza-4; 5 parainfluenza-1; 3 metapneumovÃrus e 1 coronavÃrus OC43). Co-detecÃÃes ocorreram em 26 casos: 16 com dois vÃrus e 10 com trÃs vÃrus. NÃo foram observadas diferenÃas clÃnicas entre as IRH positivas e negativas para os vÃrus pesquisados. VÃrus respiratÃrios foram identificados em quatro dos cinco casos de Ãbito (4,16%; 5/120) associados à IRH. O conhecimento sobre a ocorrÃncia da IRH virais em associaÃÃo com o perÃodo de circulaÃÃo dos vÃrus na comunidade, como descrito no estudo, permite desenvolver aÃÃes especÃficas de medidas para prevenir e controlar surtos hospitalares causados pelos vÃrus.
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Faganello, Marcia Maria. "Fatores associados à ocorrência de exacerbação em pacientes com DPOC /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102611.
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Orientador: Irma de GodoyBanca: Hugo Hyung Bok Yoo
Banca: Fabio de Oliveira Pitta
Banca: Maria Christina L. O. Machado
Banca: Alberto Cukier
Resumo: Nos últimos anos, vários estudos avaliaram os marcadores da doença associados à freqüência de exacerbação, hospitalização, readmissão e mortalidade em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Entretanto, estudos que avaliaram os marcadores associados à ocorrência de exacerbação em pacientes ambulatoriais são limitados. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores de predição da ocorrência de exacerbação no período de um ano em 120 pacientes com DPOC atendidos no Ambulatório de Pneumologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Unesp. Os pacientes tiveram o diagnóstico de DPOC confirmado e foram submetidos às seguintes avaliações: espirometria pré e pós-broncodilatador, composição do corpo (antropometria e bioimpedância), qualidade de vida por meio do Saint Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), intensidade da dispnéia por meio da escala modificada Medical Research Council (MMRC) e do índice basal de dispnéia (BDI) e tolerância ao exercício (distância percorrida em 6 minutos DP6). Em seguida foi calculado o índice BODE de acordo com os pontos de corte do volume expiratório no primeiro segundo (VEF1), do índice de massa do corpo, do MMRC e da DP6. Durante o período de acompanhamento de um ano, 60 pacientes (50%) apresentaram pelo menos um episódio de exacerbação da doença e, em conseqüência da agudização, 25 pacientes foram hospitalizados. Comorbidades extra-pulmonares foram causa de hospitalização em oito pacientes e de óbito em cinco pacientes. Na avaliação inicial, os pacientes que exacerbaram tinham maior comprometimento da função pulmonar e da troca gasosa, valores mais elevados do índice BODE e maior proporção de pacientes com DPOC III e IV. Além disso, apresentavam menores valores de DP6, maior sensação de dispnéi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Markers of disease severity have been associated with mortality, occurrence and frequency of hospitalization and readmission due disease exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, information about predictor factors for the occurrence of exacerbation in ambulatory COPD patients is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify predictor factors for the occurrence of exacerbation in 120 patients with COPD followed during one year in the outpatient clinic at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, Paulista State University) School of Medicine at Botucatu, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The patients had the diagnosis of COPD confirmed and underwent to the following evaluations: pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry, body composition (anthropometry and bioimpedance), health-related quality of life (Saint Georges Respiratory Questionnaire -SGRQ), dyspnea scores (Medical Research Council MMRC and basal dispnea index -BDI) and exercise tolerance (6MWD). Bode index was calculated taking in consideration the cutt off points for forced volume in the first second (FEV1), body mass index, MMRC and 6MWD. During the followup period 60 patients (50%) presented at least one exacerbation episode and, as consequence, 25 patients were hospitalized. Eight patients were hospitalized and five died due to non-pulmonary comorbidities. At baseline, patients with exacerbations during the follow-up period presented lower values of airway obstruction indexes and of arterial blood gases and higher values of BODE score and proportion of COPD patients class III and IV. In addition, the values of 6MWD were lower, dyspnea sensation was higher and the health- related quality of life was more deteriorated in these patients. No significative associations were found between gender, corticosteroid use... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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