Journal articles on the topic 'Respirators (Medical equipment) Design and construction'

Abstract: Medical demands during the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered a grave shortage of medical-grade personal protective equipment (PPE), especially, N95 respirators. N95 respirators are critical for the personal protection of medical providers and others when being exposed to individuals with infections caused by the SARS- CoV-2 coronavirus. To address the shortage of PPE Kit & N95 respirators, innovative methods are needed to decontaminate coronaviruses from N95 respirators & PPE Kit, allowing them to be safely reused by healthcare workers. For this research, we use a commercial ozone disinfecting cabinet to examine the efficacy of ozone-based disinfection of a conservative surrogate virus for SARS-CoV-2/Ultra Violet radiation, Chlorination, washing with soap and heating are some methods of sterilizing. Ultra Violet light is thebest sterilizing and disinfectant agent, used for domestic as well as clinical purpose. Food packets, books, stationery, medical equipment’s, toys, electronic gadgets like mobile phones, laptops, wrist watches, etc. can be sterilized with UV radiation whereasother methods of sterilization cannot be used. UV light does not release any waste andis eco-friendly, if used in a controlled manner. UV radiation is a range of electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelength (high frequency and energy). The wavelength from 100-280 nm known as UV-C isthe best disinfectant used for purifying water, air, sterilizing vegetables and surgical equipment’s. Research has shown that UV-C wavelength can kill harmful fungi, protozoa, bacteria and viruses like SARS- CoV-2 Virus. The article describes the construction of a low-cost UV-C Sterilizer Boxwhere UV radiation is taking place in a closed environment. Safety features are also incorporated to prevent humans from UV light exposure. The germicidal property of ultraviolet-C is well known. This review will cover the most commonly described methods for sterilization of PPE Kit, namely, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. These techniques have been tested previously and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing or inactivating viral and bacterial pathogens, although testing against SARS-CoV-2 specifically has not been done. Moreover, it must be emphasized that proper disposal after a single use is still ideal under normal circumstances. Keywords: UV, UV-C LED, Sterilize, Ultraviolet-C; decontamination; N95 respirator; peracetic acid; SARS-CoV-2, ozone

Here we adapt and evaluate a full-face snorkel mask for use as personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers, who lack appropriate alternatives during the COVID-19 crisis in the spring of 2020. The design (referred to as Pneumask) consists of a custom snorkel-specific adapter that couples the snorkel-port of the mask to a rated filter (either a medical-grade ventilator inline filter or an industrial filter). This design has been tested for the sealing capability of the mask, filter performance, CO2 buildup and clinical usability. These tests found the Pneumask capable of forming a seal that exceeds the standards required for half-face respirators or N95 respirators. Filter testing indicates a range of options with varying performance depending on the quality of filter selected, but with typical filter performance exceeding or comparable to the N95 standard. CO2 buildup was found to be roughly equivalent to levels found in half-face elastomeric respirators in literature. Clinical usability tests indicate sufficient visibility and, while speaking is somewhat muffled, this can be addressed via amplification (Bluetooth voice relay to cell phone speakers through an app) in noisy environments. We present guidance on the assembly, usage (donning and doffing) and decontamination protocols. The benefit of the Pneumask as PPE is that it is reusable for longer periods than typical disposable N95 respirators, as the snorkel mask can withstand rigorous decontamination protocols (that are standard to regular elastomeric respirators). With the dire worldwide shortage of PPE for medical personnel, our conclusions on the performance and efficacy of Pneumask as an N95-alternative technology are cautiously optimistic.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, where the disease might spread in a medical facility setting, the common problems found in every country is the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) for medical personnel – especially the disposable N95 respirators. Thus, a higher amplitude to disinfect and reuse N95 is urgently needed. In this study, we designed an effective and safe disinfection methods through an Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) chamber in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital to control the shortage of PPE by disinfecting and reusing disposable N95 respirators. Purpose: To evaluate the dosage and effectiveness of UV-C radiation for disposable N95 respirators disinfection in our designated UVGI chamber. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to determine the dose and the effectiveness of UV-C radiation in eradicating SARS-CoV 2 on disposable N95 respirators. Results: Using two different distances from the light source, we confirmed the inverse square law of UV-C radiation power. Irradiation for 2 hours with a radiation dose of 1080 mJ/cm2 resulted in undetected SARS-CoV-2 gene based on PCR examination in 10 out of 10 samples. Conclusion: This UVGI chamber is a potential solution for hospitals or medical facilities to overcome the limitations that occurred in the pandemic by disinfecting PPE.

In the literature, several approaches have been proposed to integrate and optimize product supply and construction processes associated with demand management. However, in Industry 4.0, there needs to be more studies related to applying techniques that directly affect the programming and reprogramming process that integrates the industries at the operational level. This document proposes a flow-shop scheduling procedure to address the problem of planning the repair of medical equipment in public hospitals whose main objective is to eliminate downtime and minimize total production time. The research stems from the practical problem of responding to clinical users who make use of critical equipment, such as mechanical respirators, due to COVID-19, and the limited quantity of this equipment, which makes it necessary to have repair planning processes that seek to keep the equipment in operation for the most extended amount of time. The novelty of this study is that it was applied to a critical and real problem in the industry with a high economic and social impact, which has not been explored previously. The results show improvements in the overall planning and execution of electro-medical equipment repair. Several improvements to the applied methods were identified as future work, such as the need to consider work interruptions and psychosocial effects on workers due to the stricter planning of execution times.

Introduction: when designing and constructing medical buildings, it is necessary to meet a large number of mandatory requirements established in the normative documents and by the customers. Medical buildings as social facilities should meet high requirements. By their complexity, they are close to industrial facilities. Therefore, there is a necessity to manage a system of such requirements during their construction. Materials and methods: the definition of requirements is initially given for software development. A requirements management system (RMS) in construction is a part of the project management. It was suggested to use the RMS to improve the organization of medical building construction. Normative documents and the customer’s specification establish the baseline requirements. Results: the article developed organizational and technological models of different life cycle stages of medical buildings. The models show the interaction of the state customer, technical customer, general designer, contractors, and suppliers of medical equipment. The models include business processes related to requirements management during design, construction, and maintenance. This system contains various requirements for the buildings, references to requirements sources, and results of verification and validation of the requirements. Verification should be carried out by a team of experts at the checkout points appointed by the project manager. At each checkout, the experts check the requirements and record the results in a database. The list of requirements that are not observed at the moment of the checkout is reported to the project manager. The paper provides an example of the RMS for nuclear medicine buildings. Conclusions: for buildings of medical organizations provided with complex medical equipment, it is necessary to create an RMS for all stages of the life cycle. The developed system of establishment, verification, and implementation of the requirements can significantly improve the quality of design and construction activities, accelerate the process of commissioning, and provide the safety of the facility. Such a system is developed and used for nuclear medicine buildings. The application of it is possible for other medical centers.

Introduction. When designing buildings and installations, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is spread more and more widely. The adoption of national and international standards and classifications is of great importance for the implementation of information technology. Application of the BIM-technologies for constructing public buildings, in the first turn, medical ones, seems to be very promising. The paper discusses the problems of developing indigenous parametric blocks (families) and preparatory activities in using the BIM-technology. Materials and methods. One of the information technology tasks is to develop equipment specifications and transfer them through the technological chain of the construction facility life cycle. The creation and application of classifiers are necessary to prepare for using the BIM-technologies. Results. A project of an academic health science centre with an extensive equipment range is analysed. The project of a modern medical building contains a description of several hundreds of specific medical equipment types. The specifications should contain information, including denominations and quantities of the equipment units, data on overall dimensions and weights of the units, connection interfaces to the power supply, water supply, water drainage. When creating parametric blocks, the international classifiers Uniclass-2015 and OmniClass are often used. However, they do not cover the necessary equipment range and contradict the domestic practice of purchasing equipment and services for state demand. Conclusions. The cost of preparing for the design process as creating parametric blocks can make a total of tens or hundreds of man-days that should be taken into account when planning design activities. In terms of procurement for state and municipal demand, it is necessary to make design specifications following the available range of medical equipment.

In this paper, based on the characteristics of heterogeneous information integration, a set of complete medical information integration platform network security defense architecture was designed by utilizing network security defense equipment and technologies such as gatekeeper, disk array and hot-standby etc. On the basis of overall design, the construction, deployment and operation of related system were realized. At last, the effectiveness of the network security defense architecture designed and realized in this paper was tested by means of fault injection.

s. In order to explore the building pattern of digital ward for medical affairs and management, the business process and function of digital ward is discussed. The digital ward building pattern combining multi business system, such as clinical treatment and nursing, logistic support like drugs and equipment, quality surveillance, performance checking, cost auditing and office administrating, is constructed. Based on the methodology of process management, the architecture of digital ward is design and implemented, which is focus on electronic medical records, medical quality and management. The construction of digital ward has implemented the overall process intelligent and automatic management of medical and administration business.

The development of urban infrastructure projects like metro rail projects in the major cities in India is one of the challenging tasks due to several site construction and operating constraints. These rapid transit systems (RTS) are conceived to minimise traffic congestion by providing commuters with fast and efficient transportation alternatives. One such project is the Phase-II of the ongoing Bangalore Underground Metrorail Project. The design and construction of the metro rail project require sound engineering judgment and field experience on envisaged strata conditions along the proposed route alignment. The important factors that govern the excavation cycle depend on Rock mass material properties, efficient blast design and construction performance. All these considerations needs to be evaluated for achieving safe, cost-effective excavation design layouts. Proper blast design and safe blasting operations play a key role in achieving good fragmentation, minimising over break and equipment downtime. Site-specific innovative methods on controlled blasting techniques are being experimented with and demonstrated to minimise the ground vibrations. The major challenge lies with the design of efficient and smooth wall blasting techniques to safeguard the old heritage buildings and other subsurface structures and utilities.

Shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) is often projected in response to public health emergencies such as infection outbreaks and pandemics. Respiratory protective devices (RPDs), namely medical face masks and respirators, are considered the last defense for the front-line healthcare workers. Cleaning, decontamination and reuse of the disposable RPDs have been accepted by local health authorities during the pandemic period. To contribute to the mitigation of RPD shortage and ensure the safe adoption of decontamination protocols, this review discusses the regulated testing standards and the most commonly studied decontamination methods in the literature. The reuse of RPDs must fulfill three criteria: remove the microbial thread, maintain original function and structural integrity (including fitting tests) and leave no harmful residuals. Decontamination methods such as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, moist heat and vaporized hydrogen peroxide appeared to be the most promising methods in balancing the above-mentioned criteria. However, the effectiveness of decontamination methods varies depending on the RPDs’ models, materials and design. Therefore, the adoption of protocols needs to be evidence-based with full validation in the local institutes. Additionally, new technology such as antimicrobial treated PPE that can reduce the risks of fomite during donning and doffing process with an extended lifespan should be encouraged. Overall, good training and guidance for appropriate reuse of RPDs are fundamental to ensure their efficiency in protecting front-line healthcare workers.

The ecological development of industrial parks has become a concern in current urban planning. The traditional development model and development ideas of pharmaceutical industrial parks need to be changed urgently, not only to improve their own functions but also to use land more effectively and save resource costs. Aiming at the problems existing in the construction of the park, this paper studies the use of the Internet of Things technology to build a smart park platform to realize the access of intelligent systems and equipment in the park. First of all, starting from the background of the combination of smart parks and the Internet of Things, by analyzing the architecture of the Internet of Things, it studies the requirements for the combination of smart parks and the Internet of Things technology. Second, according to the results of the demand analysis, we conducted a research on the construction plan of the smart park in the Internet of Things era, including the construction of the smart park platform using the Internet of Things technology, the ideas and access methods of the intelligent system access platforms in the smart park, and the research on the construction of the intelligent park platform architecture based on the Internet of Things and decision tree technology. Finally, the specific implementation process of its access to the smart campus platform is studied through simulation tests, and the feasibility of the access method is verified.

At the end of 2019, the first cases of COVID-19 were registered. As the disease spread across continents culminating in a pandemic, countries suffered from a shortage of personal protective equipment. In Brazil, the first case was recorded on February 2020. This study aims to describe the experience of creating an interinstitutional network to meet the pandemic’s demands and the experience of transforming an academic design laboratory into space for the production of personal protective equipment using 3D printing and laser cutting techniques. The actions described in this study, made it possible to meet the high emergency demand for PPE in the city of Rio de Janeiro, as well as the construction of knowledge both within the scope of building networks to solve complex social problems and about the possibilities of production in an academic environment. The work addresses and reflexes this action on society's perception of Design professionals.

Neurotrauma continues to contribute to significant mortality and disability. The need for better protective equipment is apparent. This review focuses on improved helmet design and the necessity for continued research. We start by highlighting current innovations in helmet design for sport and subsequent utilization in the lay community for construction. The current standards by sport and organization are summarized. We then address current standards within the military environment. The pathophysiology is discussed with emphasis on how helmets provide protection. As innovative designs emerge, protection against secondary injury becomes apparent. Much research is needed, but this focused paper is intended to serve as a catalyst for improvement in helmet design and implementation to provide more efficient and reliable neuroprotection across broad arenas.

One of the main features of construction as a branch of material production is a wide range of various types of regulations, technical, process flow and methodology documentation, and governing standards determining the conditions for development of design solutions and the formation of the functional quality of construction products. Regulatory control of practical activities in the field of construction should be considered as a necessary tool and most important means of achieving the planned results, bearing in mind, first of all, the quality of organizational and process solutions, methods of construction operations in the specific conditions of a construction site, methods of ensuring control and supervisory measures in simple and complex construction processes. The structure of city-forming factors had changed noticeably by the middle of the twentieth century: the number of people employed in the service sector, education, and the banking sector had grown. The industrial production and transport structure has changed. Society began to impose increasingly stringent requirements on sanitary standards for the functioning of industries and many of them were forced to close down. Science-intensive industries sprang up in major cities to employ the redundant workers. The share of the economically active population employed in scientific and design centers, and medical and educational institutions increased. Relocation of some enterprises outside the major cities in Europe coincided with the perceived need for their radical technical re-equipment. Our country was at least 50-70 years late with these measures, which caused a general technical lag. Intensive housing construction in large cities of Russia has led to the fact that employees often use public and private transportation to get to work from “dormitory” areas in the direction of the center. As market principles for assessing the effectiveness of enterprises allowed for economic reforms, introduction of cadastral changed the structure of the urban economy.

A breakthrough in peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy occurred in 1977 with the development of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Its simplicity, low cost, and ease with which CAPD could be performed on patients at home contributed to the popularity of this procedure. However, there is a need for continuous improvement in building optimal systems for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This research showed the design and construction of a simplified prototype of low-cost automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) equipment that meets international standards to automatically regulate infusion and fluid drainage in and out of a patient with low margins of error. Experimental tests allowed the adjustment of the RPM values concerning the flow rate provided. In addition, thanks to the pressure sensor, it was possible to observe a fluctuation ranging from 9 to 13 kPa, which is within the permissible average specified in the catalogs of medical instruments and equipment. Furthermore, a turbidity sensor was added to decrease the possibility of presenting peritonitis. The results showed absolute values of flow, angular velocity, and pressure that it could deliver for use in APD therapies. Finally, the construction of the APD equipment is presented generally, showing the electronic and mechanical components that constitute it.

The existence of a traditional fisherman community in Jepara is proven based on the system of equipment or technology of fishing vessels. As part that is familiar with the life of the fishing community, this phenomenon is very interesting as well as important to be studied more deeply in the context of the north coast Javanese sub-culture. Based on that, this study aims to explain: (1) the design of fishing boat construction as a representation of the technology system of traditional fishing communities in Jepara, (2) the ecological aspect of the north coast Javanese sub-culture includes the process of creating traditional fishing boat in Jepara communities, and (3) wisdom potential in traditional ship design as learning resources. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study design. The data is collected through interviews, observations and document reviews, and analyzed by using flow mode. The results of the study will provide an empirical explanation of the construction design and boat creation technology in the ecological perspective of the north coast Javanese sub-culture. Traditional ship design in Jepara is potential as learning resources to create the value of cooperation, openness, communication and religious.

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered one of the deepest economic recessions in human history, largely as a result of the full lockdown strategy adopted by many national governments. This lockdown strategy was primarily motivated by the limited capacities of Intensive Care Units and a lack of medical staff and equipment. In this essay, I argue that the COVID crisis and the widely used lockdown response are socially constructed, which invites a public discourse on how we can design societal solutions that would prevent the need for an indiscriminate lockdown response to a future pandemic or any other similar crisis. One potential solution is further developed in this essay: the design of latent capabilities for responding to any future emergencies. These latent capabilities, embedded in many host organizations, can help in quickly resolve shortages in professional skills and resources, which are likely to occur in any future crisis. Here, the COVID-19 crisis provides a major learning opportunity, to be exploited as soon as possible.

Design and construction of an Android-based automatic weight measurement tool has been carried out. This research was made because of the demands for sophisticated medical support equipment with all the capabilities it has that continues to develop so that effective and efficient medical support equipment can be produced. This tool is designed with the aim of providing information about the measurement data of weight and height to users. Measurement results data will be sent to Android in the form of messages to be stored using the android database system storage.This research method uses qualitative methods, namely: study literature and literature and conduct experiments on the circuit design made, then test the function of the tool with a scale to determine the accuracy of the work of this tool. This tool is made by utilizing the Load Cell sensor as conversion then will sent via GSM SIM 800L, and the data is displayed via the application and SMS on the patient's Android.The test results show that the weight obtained is the result of the load cell sensor measurement. seen the percentage error value for each measurement, which allows the sensor to read errors and possible interference from the compiler program. As long as the% error does not exceed 3%, the module design and build an automatic weight measuring instrument, can be used properly

Acoustical privacy and noise control design and implementation guidance is needed, regarding Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI) criteria for outpatient medical facilty tenant improvements (TI). TI in existing commercial buildings or medical office buildings may not have capital budgets or expected facility/lease life that hospitals enjoy. Full conformance to FGI criteria and guidelines may be limited; by economic feasibility and by constructability. Design professionals can use "good practice" space planning, demising assembly selection, and electronic sound masking to achieve appropriate acoustical privacy within reasonable capital expense budgets. Consider FGI criteria for demising partition, ceiling, door and window selections plus infrastructure equipment and material selections that can provide cost-effective lightweight, common construction standards. The objectives are to protect the privacy of patient information and provide quiet spaces, free of transient disturbance for clear speech communications. Continuous ambient sound increases speech privacy including speech transmitted from enclosed quiet spaces. Criteria for acoustics, speech privacy,continuous noise and masking exists in FGI. Temporal level changes (on/off, transients) and tonality (spectrum smoothness or balance) should be considered in basis-of-design (BoD). This paper will present design guidelines for selecting demising assemblies and supplemental sound masking for outpatient clinical spaces in commercial or medical office buildings.

The current level of development of robotic systems of armaments, military and special equipment is characterized by an accelerated transition to their construction on a modular basis. Due to this relatively small nomenclature of initial blocks-modules of lower levels can provide a large variety of the type of land-mobile robotic complexes of specialized functionality. There is an opportunity to quickly adapt the necessary robotic military equipment to specific combat conditions, which guarantees the reliable performance of the assigned combat missions. It is proposed to equip the transport platforms for robotic systems of armament, military and special technics by electromechanical engines on the basis of autonomous drive modules with driven forced electric motors on the basis of rare-earth neodymium permanent magnets. At the same time, record high performance transshipment capacity is achieved, which dramatically increases the ability to overcome difficult road impediments. The article deals with the design features of modular transport platforms for modern robotized weapons, military and special equipment systems, which are conditioned by the need for reliable delivery of weapons, ammunition, equipment, foodstuffs and medical supplies to the personnel on the line of contact with the enemy in difficult geoclimatic conditions. It is shown that the necessary quality of realization of the assigned of combat tasks is ensured by the application of the installation on the platforms of autonomous electromechanical drives of driving wheels.

Abstract Mother earth provides all the necessary resources for the existence of life. Despite the rich resources of water on our planet, majority of world’s total population experiences water shortage annually. Studies have shown that with the increase of global warming, the average humidity of ambient air is rising annually. Due to the decrease of water table on land, alternative sources of acquiring potable water can be of great utility. Out of the several methods available to tap potable water, this paper aims to achieve an alternate source of receiving fresh water directly from ambient air. This process is completely different from distillation. The ambient air also comprises a majority of Nitrogen, and this N2 is used for the purpose of creating an inert environment in packaging industries and for the purpose of extinguishing fire, a multi-functional equipment has been fabricated in order to extract water, along with pure Nitrogen gas from the residual dry air. A Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system is used to separate the Nitrogen from remaining air molecules based on their relative molecular size. In the current industrial sectors, the valves required to actuate the flow of air in PSA system are controlled by PLC circuits and Cam followers. These electro-mechanical components are overpriced. In this work electronic timers are used to actuate the valve timing, which resulted in economical. The system fabricated is simple in construction and it is easy to replace the Carbon Molecular Sieves (CMS) with Zeolite Molecular Sieves in order to obtain Oxygen gas as the pure product that can be used to help Covid-19 patients using medical grade filters. The system can be scaled up with larger mass of CMS, bigger PSA towers and greater compressor power in order to increase productivity.

Abstract Background One of the main symptoms of severe infection with the new coronavirus‑2 (SARS-CoV-2) is hypoxemic respiratory failure because of viral pneumonia with the need for mechanical ventilation. Prolonged mechanical ventilation may require a tracheostomy, but the increased risk for contamination is a matter of considerable debate. Objective Evaluation of safety and effects of surgical tracheostomy on ventilation parameters and outcome in patients with COVID-19. Study design Retrospective observational study between March 27 and May 18, 2020, in a single-center coronavirus disease-designated ICU at a tertiary care German hospital. Patients Patients with COVID-19 were treated with open surgical tracheostomy due to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Measurements Clinical and ventilation data were obtained from medical records in a retrospective manner. Results A total of 18 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV‑2 infection and surgical tracheostomy were analyzed. The age range was 42–87 years. All patients received open tracheostomy between 2–16 days after admission. Ventilation after tracheostomy was less invasive (reduction in PEAK and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) and lung compliance increased over time after tracheostomy. Also, sedative drugs could be reduced, and patients had a reduced need of norepinephrine to maintain hemodynamic stability. Six of 18 patients died. All surgical staff were equipped with N99-masks and facial shields or with powered air-purifying respirators (PAPR). Conclusion Our data suggest that open surgical tracheostomy can be performed without severe complications in patients with COVID-19. Tracheostomy may reduce invasiveness of mechanical ventilation and the need for sedative drugs and norepinehprine. Recommendations for personal protective equipment (PPE) for surgical staff should be followed when PPE is available to avoid contamination of the personnel.

The successful management of a laboratory animal facility is based on the design and implementation of a management program, which in most cases covers the minimum legislative requirements and goes further, in order to achieve more in the field of animal welfare. A complete management program should consist of the following main points: a) Monitoring of animal housing, the macro- and microenvironment of the animals, b) veterinary medical care, c) monitoring of electromechanical equipment and the overall construction of the animal facility, and designing of emergency and disaster plans, d) monitoring of the overall program by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee responsible to oversee and evaluate the management program of the facility, e) education and training of personnel and f) the implementation of an occupational health and safety program.

Ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings and structures largely depends on a proper understanding of the nature and quantitative description and rationing of loads on building structures, including crane loads. Loads from cranes can be significant; they have a variable dynamic nature and have a significant force on the structure of industrial buildings. These features are to some extent reflected in the sections of design codes of building structures that contain standards for crane load. Most of the parameters of the crane load codes are probabilistic nature and require the use of statistical methods to substantiate them. These methods are constantly changing and evolving together with the regular revision of building design codes. Analysis of the evolution of domestic codes of crane load together with their statistical substantiation is an urgent task, which is the purpose of this article. The beginning of domestic standardization of crane loads was laid in 1930, when the «Uniform codes of construction design» were introduced. They separately normalized vertical, horizontal longitudinal and horizontal transverse crane loads. This division is preserved in all subsequent versions of the load codes from bridge and overhead cranes. Since the late 1930s, leading construction research institutes and universities have conducted research on crane loads, the results of which have been consistently incorporated into design codes. These studies are time consuming and complex, as they are performed in existing production facilities and require the development of specific methods and equipment for measuring loads from operating bridge cranes. For 90 years, load codes have been constantly changing, taking into account the experience of operation and trends in construction science. The 50s of the last century were marked by the transition of structural calculations from the method of allowable stresses to the method of limit states, which led to a radical revision of the codes of crane loads. In the 60's and 80's, statistical studies of crane loads were intensified, the results of which opened up the possibility of reducing overload coefficients and introducing additional combination coefficients for crane loads. There were constant discussions about the assessment and consideration in the codes of horizontal transverse loads - braking and lateral forces from the skew of the moving cranes. This question still remains open for further research. It is also important to clarify the coefficients of load combination from several bridge cranes. With the collapse of the USSR, the new states had the opportunity to move away from the rough Soviet rationing and develop their own, more adequate codes for crane loads. Further development of crane codes in the CIS was realized in the form of national codes of individual states. Ukrainian specialists, in contrast to Russian standards developers, have prepared the State Standards of Ukraine DBN B.1.2: 2006 «Loads and impacts», conceptually different from SNiP in terms of crane loads. The publication of these codes was preceded by the systematization of the results of many years of work in the field of crane loads. Giving an overall assessment of Ukrainian standards of crane loads, it should be emphasized that they are compiled on a modern methodological basis, close to European standards Eurocode, based on representative statistics, more differentiated and have a scientific probabilistic rationale, more deeply developed than in codes of previous years.

Was established that the prototype of anatomical theaters in Russia was the anatomical theater of Leiden University (Holland), built in 1575. This theater is shown in color engraving of Cornelius Woodan, created in 1610. In St. Petersburg, at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, this engraving was received in 1805 as part of the collection of the anatomist V. Kruikshenk, acquired for the academy with the direct assistance of Emperor Alexander I. In Russia, the first anatomical theater appeared only in 1708. It was created at the Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy. Historians connect his appearance with a visit in 1697 by Emperor Peter the I of Leiden University. In St. Petersburg, the history of anatomical theaters dates back to the PetrovskayaKunstkamera, built in 1722. It demonstrated rarities - freaks, and also heard scientific reports. Russian anatomical theaters as an arena for the production of public spectacular autopsy did not receive their development but became an integral part of the anatomy department at higher educational institutions. Such an anatomical training theater was built at the foundation of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy on the right bank of the Neva in a stone two- story building. The first head of the Department of Anatomy and hysiology, P.A. Zagorsky took part in its design and equipment. Zagorsky. There was a table in the center of the amphitheater, the dimensions of which made it possible to demonstrate a whole corpse at a lecture, to conduct physiological experiments. In this amphitheater, lectures were given by Professor P.A. Zagorsky, I.V. Buyalsky, P.A. Naranovich. It lasted until 1871. The creation of a new anatomical theater in Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy is associated with the name of Professor V.L. Gruber, who after N.I. Pirogov headed the Anatomical Institute. In 1857, V.L. Gruber visited 13 anatomical institutes in Germany and in his trip report substantiated the idea of building a new anatomical building - a specialized Anatomical Institute. V.L. Gruber report was approved by the Academy Conference, headed by its head - P.A. Dubovitsky. In 1864, the building was laid, the construction of which was completed only in 1871. The construction was carried out under the guidance of an engineer - captain of the academician of architecture K.Ya. Sokolova. In this three-story building, the current Anatomical building, two classrooms were built in each wing - № 1 and № 2. They look like an amphitheater and are a prototype of the best European anatomical theaters. Currently, overhaul has been carried out in this building; the design of the anatomical theater has been preserved in classrooms 1 and 2. These auditoriums, which are a historical monument of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, are equipped with modern technical training aids. It is in these classrooms that cadets and students of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy are currently starting their journey into medicine.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze a conceptual framework to identify significant benefit and cost attributes of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) system for asset tracking in healthcare facilities. Sources of value function for RFID in healthcare are categorized according to major improvement. Several cost functions are proposed to measure aspects of automated tracking implementation. Design/methodology/approach – The four phases of problem definition, literature identification, assessment and analysis were used to begin the research. A cost–benefit analysis (CBA) was completed to identify the factors within healthcare with major benefits, and finally, a recommended group of items were identified to track with the CBA. Findings – RFID to manage mobile devices increases the utilization rate, decreases annual spending, allows withdrawal of funds for underutilized assets and establishes confidence that equipment is readily available when needed. These benefits provide improved staff productivity, quicker patient turnover, higher quality of care and more cost savings. Real-time location system technologies allow hospitals to be prepared for emergencies requiring the immediate use of medical devices without delay and allow staff to determine the status, condition and location of essential equipment, leading to a decrease in patient wait time. Additional improvements were also found. Originality/value – The transition from pay-for-service to pay-for-performance is taking place in an industry hampered by rising costs and limited available resources. Healthcare expenditures are estimated to grow dramatically, and various factors contribute to rising expenses, including an aging population and increased chronic conditions resulting in higher demand for care, poor quality and operational inefficiencies. Therefore, understanding benefits of new technology use like RFID is critical for improvement and efficiency in healthcare.

The relevance of the development is predetermined by the need to solve the problem of creating conditions for the natural reproduction of commercial stocks and the restoration of populations of passable, semi-passable and aquatic fish in the conditions of river flow regulation carried out by the construction of cascades of waterworks on them. One of the ways to solve this problem on the Lower Don is the creation of near-hydro-node fish-spawning channels that provide conditions for the passage and spawning of anadromous-migrating fish. When designing such structures, specialists feel a lack of information and recommendations on the technical justification of their layout and design solutions. This circumstance predetermined the purpose of the study, which consists in summarizing information and evaluating the layout and design solutions of the Nikolaev, Konstantinovsky, Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky fish-spawning channels (FSCs) and developing proposals for their improvement. The factual basis of the development was made up of the materials of the survey of existing and analysis of projects of fishspawning channels on the Lower Don low-pressure waterworks. Based on the materials of the survey and analysis, the schemes of their layout and design solutions, flow-rate parameters and geometric dimensions were established, the advantages of fish-spawning channels over other types of fish-passing structures were determined. Based on the materials of the survey of existing structures, the disadvantages of their layout and design solutions were found, consisting in the remoteness of the entrances to the channels from the dams, excessive flow rates in their tracts, the absence of recreation areas for fish, the inability to regulate the values of speeds attracting fish with changing water levels in the river, the lack of equipment of the entrance heads, the failure of the technical execution of the channel coating and elements of enhanced roughness. The directions of improving the layout and design solutions of the channels in terms of eliminating their shortcomings in the projects of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky waterworks are determined. The evaluation of design solutions is given and generalizations are made to determine the parameters of channels and their layout and design solutions, which are recommended to be taken into account and used in their design.

The modern development of information technologies significantly affects the formation of demand and causes the appearance of digital products. For any digital product to be successful, a user-centric approach must be taken. User experience research is a key component of this development approach. UX research is the process of finding out how people interpret and use products and services. It is used everywhere from websites to mobile phones, consumer electronics, medical equipment, banking, and more. In UX design, research is a fundamental part of solving relevant problems. Today, when all existing processes are greatly accelerated, users quickly lose loyalty to a product, because they know that there are many other options and do not hesitate to look for them, so a bad user experience with an application, site or product in general can mean the end of the interaction. UX research is very useful for developing a product strategy and algorithmizing solutions that would meet the needs of users. The issues of optimal choice of research methods, both quantitative and qualitative are considered. Both the methods themselves, such as the interview method, focus groups, card sorting, tree testing, preference assessment, eyetracking, proof of concept, A/B testing, and their areas of application are examined. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods, as well as their features, are considered. The method of analyzing hierarchies to calculate criteria such as efficiency, price, time, and sample size was used. Based on the conducted analysis, it was established that the most important criterion when choosing a research method is its effectiveness. Further calculation of the weighted average scores for each decision option allowed to identify the best research methods and provide recommendations for their effective use at different stages of digital product development. Thus, the optimal choice of testing method can significantly improve the quality of the user interface.

HIGHLIGHTS ABSTRACT A significant share of the technology that has emerged over the past several decades produces electromagnetic field (EMFR) radiation. Communications devices, household appliances, industrial equipment, and medical equipment and devices all produce EMFR with a variety of frequencies, strengths, and ranges. Some EMFR, such as Extremely Low Frequency (ELF), Radio Frequency (RF), and Ionizing Range (IR) radiation have been shown to have harmful effects on human health. Depending on the frequency and strength of the radiation, EMFR can have health effects at the cellular level as well as at brain, nervous, and cardiovascular levels. Health authorities have enacted regulations locally and globally to set critical values to limit the adverse effects of EMFR. By introducing a more comprehensive field of EMFR study and practice, architects and designers can design for a safer electromagnetic (EM) indoor environment, and, as building and construction specialists, will be able to monitor and reduce EM radiation. This paper identifies the nature of EMFR in the built environment, the various EMFR sources, and its human health effects. It addresses European and US regulations for EMFR in buildings and provides a preliminary action plan. The challenges of developing measurement protocols for the various EMFR frequency ranges and determining the effects of EMFR on building occupants are discussed. This paper argues that a mature method for measuring EMFR in building environments and linking these measurements to human health impacts will foster occupant health and lead to the adequate development of safeguards for occupants of buildings in future research.

The protection of maternity hospitals and perinatal centers in Russia from fires is a crucial problem associated both with the functions of these institutions and their insufficient funding. The main factors affecting the safety of people in a fire are actions of firefighters and medical staff. The aim of the study is to develop measures aimed to improve the efficiency of fire-fighting units in extinguishing fires in maternity hospitals and perinatal centers using the example of the new building of Irkutsk perinatal center. The methods for predicting the operational situation in a fire and determining the volume of forces and means of firefighting formations were used. Based on the results, a forecast for the development of the most dangerous fire at Irkutsk Perinatal Center was created, and the volumes of technical equipment and the number of fire-fighting staff required to save people, extinguish the fire and protect neighboring premises were determined. The fire extinguishing schemes were developed. Organizational and technical measures aimed to improve the efficiency of evacuation of patients and medical staff were proposed. The need to develop a code of rules meeting the fire safety requirements was emphasized. The code should establish standards for means used for saving people and fire protection systems in the design, construction, overhaul, reconstruction and operation of maternity hospitals and perinatal centers.

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has proposed a significant shift in the way companies approach manufacturing. However, this new paradigm is not without faults. The integration of processes and equipment (‘digitalisation’) can be prohibitively expensive or too technically complex for small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) with limited resources and technical expertise. Another barrier to digitalisation lies in the ambiguity of not knowing what precise practices to adopt to improve productivity. Although these challenges have been identified in the literature, there is still little evidence on how to tackle them. Thus, we explore how design thinking can help overcome these challenges, given that it has been used in many organisations and disciplines to deal with complex and ambiguous problems. We do so by investigating the research question ‘How can designers and design thinking processes assist manufacturing SMEs’ digitalisation?’ We address this research question by presenting a case study of a university–industry collaboration where the authors utilised a design-thinking process to select and implement technologies to capture, process and analyse data for an Australian medical device manufacturer. By reflecting on the case study, we identified the user-centeredness of design thinking as crucial in selecting technologies for implementation that prioritised usability and brought value to all stakeholders. Furthermore, iterative prototyping was critical to scale up the required expertise and deliver a successful sustainable solution without investing vast resources. Our work suggests that designers and design thinking have the potential to help de-risk digitalisation. Finally, we suggest a framework that may assist in guiding other SMEs approaching digitalisation and provide a starting point for further design thinking research in this area.

Hospital buildings usually contain sophisticated facility systems and special medical equipment, strict security requirements, and business systems. Traditional methods such as BIM are becoming less capable of real-time updates of building status and big data volume. By proposing innovations both in technique and management—a “continuous lifecycle integration” method based on the concept of Digital Twin (DT) and “early movement” of the general contractor, this paper reported a successful project case in a large hospital in China. The case realized continuous, scheduled integration of static data and dynamic data of more than 20 management systems from the design, construction, pre-O&M phase up to the O&M phase. Then, a DT software system with real-time visual management and artificial intelligent diagnosis modules was developed and deployed in a newly built DT control center. Managers have the ability to grasp the detailed status of the whole hospital by visual management and receive timely facility diagnosis and operation suggestions that are automatically sent back from the digital building to reality. The case has been steadily running for more than a year in the hospital and achieved desired performance by reducing energy consumption, avoiding facility faults, reducing the number of requested repairs, and enhancing the quality of daily maintenance work.

<p>臺灣為符合國際人權潮流，正式推動身心障礙者權利公約(Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, CRPD)。國際審查委員認為臺灣普遍缺乏無障礙環境，以及缺乏通用設計的法律定義及應用。通用設計所追求的理想在於將適用性極大化至每個人都可以使用同一設施設備，但是無障礙環境係追求每個人都有設施設備可以使用；臺灣要能先普及化無障礙環境，才有基礎實踐通用設計理念。</p> <p>臺灣未來推動高齡友善環境，除了高齡者活動與照顧相關的社區生活設施、照顧機構之外，高齡者就醫、復能的醫療場所也應列為重點場所，且在建構無障礙環境的過程中漸進式同時實踐通用設計理念，將是需要思考的關鍵議題。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>To support the global trend of accentuating human rights protection, Taiwan has officially begun to promote the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). International reviewers conclude that Taiwan lacks accessible environments as well as legal definitions and applications of universal design. Universal design seeks to maximize applicability by creating facilities and equipment usable by everyone. Similarly, accessible environments aim to ensure the access of facilities and equipment to all users. Taiwan must first achieve the prevalence of accessible environments before it can apply the principle of universal design.</p> <p>For its subsequent promotion of age-friendly environments, Taiwan should focus on healthcare venues providing medical treatment and rehabilitation to older adults, in addition to community amenities and care institutions for this age group. A key topic meriting further exploration is the progressive implementation of universal design elements during the construction of barrier-free environments in Taiwan.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

The characteristic features of modern MZRs are that they are divided into cyclic and continuous machines, which depends on their productivity and power of internal combustion engines, and the design of their working equipment affects the process of specific application of MZRs for the construction of appropriate earthworks with different labor intensity. When using MZR, the main question arises about the effectiveness of their functioning from the point of view of knowing the actual state, the amount of fuel consumption required to perform a given volume of work and inefficient fuel losses. The purpose of the article is to determine the real state for known MZR based on the use of reference parameters and to ensure the given state at the design stage of such machines based on the application of system analysis with the establishment of numerical indicators that are characterized by objectivity, ambiguity and accuracy of their determination. The conducted studies are based on the application of system analysis when considering MZR using their reference technical and economic parameters, as a complex system with structural elements functionally interconnected and capable of transmitting hydraulic and mechanical energy. Moreover, MZR is studied as a system that is suitable for converting input power into useful work at the output and, on this basis, is able to determine its internal state due to the overall efficiency and the amount of specific fuel consumption. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the most effective MZR are machines with a continuous working process and they are characterized by high values of the total efficiency of the machine at the level of (8 to 14)%, and gradually the total efficiency decreases to several tenths of a percent for machines of cyclic action. Research has established that in each of the ten MZR groups there is a machine that has the highest total efficiency, and the value of specific fuel consumption per unit of productivity for it is the smallest, and such a machine is classified as exemplary. Other MZR from this group with a low value of total efficiency and higher specific fuel consumption are classified as ordinary cars. According to the conducted studies, it is possible to ensure the selection of the best MZR to create a squad of machines from them, directed to perform a specific volume of work with minimal fuel loss. The internal state of MZR by the value of the total efficiency can be diagnosed at the stage of completion of production, as well as during operation due to the measurement of input and output parameters based on the use of modern means for recording these parameters. Keywords: earthmoving machines, power, fuel, efficiency.

The article discusses the main provisions of regulatory documents on the solution and construction of a rehabilitation wellness center for wheelchair users with limited mobility in the northern coast of Odessa Bay. The paper considers and analyzes one of the possible variants of the seafront arrangement in a small area for the needs of wheelchairs. This project is small, it is executed according to a clear algorithm for exploring the territory. The implementation of such projects allows returning of disabled people on wheelchairs to the full life. An example of the arrangement of such a Center in the specific conditions of berth No. 218 is given. The coastal zone adjacent to the sea has complex geological conditions. Sea, river and lake shores in our country are not sufficiently adapted for the rehabilitation, treatment and rehabilitation of wheelchair users with limited mobility. The article provides an example of adaptation of a small plot of land for a medical and health center for wheelchair users. In 2009, work began with the construction of a treatment and rehabilitation center for people with reduced mobility in wheelchairs on a plot of land №2 8 m wide (along the sea). Retaining walls with supports from the side of the slope and from the side of marine erosion were made at the site. Functional planning organization of master plan of rehabilitation centers for disabled with the land consists of two factor groups: external and internal. To the group of external factors should be considered the elements of master plan of urban structure that surrounds the center and have an influence on organization of internal factors and directly on planning organization of the rehabilitation center. There are such elements as city main road, number of lanes, density of vehicular traffic, number of roads around center of rehabilitation, quality of the environment, accessibility of the barrier-free environment. The project is designed in accordance with geological and natural climatic conditions. The level of groundwater on this coast is analyzed. Technical and economic indicators of existing structures are also analyzed. Project includes a drawing of the plan and longitudinal section. Profile of the site was arranged in 3 levels. At the first level (mark 1.50m), a concrete road with a width of 6.0 m was made, and an administrative structure was also restored. The structure № 2, measuring 8.0x3.0 m, was installed on a metal support frame. To protect against possible deformations of the earth's surface, the hut structure № 2 was attached to the support frame using anchors. The exit from the first level to the second one was provided through a metal ramp with a slope of 1:10 with a special fence, arranged on a concrete staircase. At the second level (mark ± 0.00m) a container measuring 6.0 x 2.5 m was located. It was planned to place there a locker room, a medical center, equipment for first aid and other medical services. On the territory of the second level there was provided a place for cooking, garbage bins, a canopy, a shield with a fireman and special equipment, a dry closet equipped for the disabled, a room for storing equipment, boats, and strollers. A concrete platform was provided with a device for showering, washing feet, pergola with landscaping, shrubs, flowers, trees. The transition to the third level (mark-1.20 m) was provided by a fenced metal ramp with a slope of 1:10. The third level is located on an open area 22 m long, which smoothly directly adjoins the sandy seashore. On the roof of the Center for Rehabilitation of disabled people, it was planned to install a solar battery for energy supply. The article lists the necessary list of essential equipment and applications for the disabled. Under the project, the Disability Rehabilitation and Treatment Center can be autonomous, and its users will be able to use it independently. Unfortunately, the construction of this rehabilitation wellness center has not yet been completed, but is only at the design stage. The project of health-improving and rehabilitation infrastructure is foreseen for low- mobility groups of people, in particular disabled carriages. Solutions for this project are functional, rational, their use is possible on the coast of the sea, lakes, estuaries and rivers. An organized, bar-rier-free environment for disabled on wheelchairs is a requirement of the building codes and standards of Ukraine and Europe. According to the Spatial and Sustainable Development Program of the Territories, this project and the article are relevant to the accessibility departments of different administrative and territorial units of Ukraine.

ABSTRACT Purpose— The purpose of this research is to better understand learning outcomes essential for college students to be effective entry-level healthcare facility managers, establishing a healthcare FM education framework to further open FM academic programs as a sustainable source of new talent for the healthcare FM industry. Design/methodology/approach— A Delphi method was used for this research to draw upon the collective knowledge and experience of 13 experts over three iterative rounds of input. Phone interviews were also employed. Findings— This study shows that gaps exist in student learning outcomes for a comprehensive healthcare FM education; key technical topics specific to the healthcare industry are not being addressed by organizations accrediting construction and facility management academic programs. Many of these student learning outcomes could be readily combined into existing learning outcomes or used to develop a comprehensive healthcare FM education covering accreditation, regulatory and code compliance, infection control, systems in healthcare facilities, healthcare construction project management and methods, and clinical operations and medical equipment. Interestingly, academics in the field of FM generally disagree with industry professionals that these technical topics are important student learning outcomes. Consequently, FM academics prefer to teach students general FM principles with the expectation that specific technical knowledge will be gained in the workplace after graduation from college. Nevertheless, candidates attempting to enter healthcare FM without industry specific knowledge are disadvantaged due to industry perceptions and expectations. University-industry linkage must be improved to successfully attract students into the field of healthcare FM and open colleges and universities as a sustainable recruitment source in helping address FM attrition. Originality/value— This paper is valuable in establishing a healthcare FM education framework to elucidate college student learning outcomes upon graduation for successful employment as an entry-level healthcare facility manager. These student learning outcomes provide a framework for healthcare FM education to be used by industry and academia in preparing future professionals.

Growing environmental concerns, as well as market competitiveness, are inciting manufacturers to optimize the performance of their products throughout their entire lifecycle. To address these objectives, manufacturing, field service engineering and customer support should be aligned and should strive towards the same end-goal. While several studies have revolved around this context, the product-service system (PSS) approach has emerged as a promising way of meeting manufacturer, customer and environmental requirements alike. Nevertheless, most of these studies revolve around the design and development of a PSS, whilst a minimal amount of research has targeted its impact from the supply chain perspective, leaving aside inventory management. Consequently, the following study utilizes functional hierarchy modeling (FHM) and the PSS concept matrix to propose solutions that make it possible to meet customer requirements and improve the environmental performance and associated costs at the same time. An application at a medical equipment manufacturer brings forward the positive effects suggested by the research and reduces the aforementioned gaps. In detail, the results show a smaller variability in the supply of spare parts combined with optimized maintenance planning, which translates into lesser costs to the manufacturer, a prolonged product life cycle and a reduced environmental impact.

This publication aims to define the driving forces for the formation of quality knowledge and their practical role in the business and healthcare system, which is important for each manager in terms of quality development and quality management. Documentary and historical methods have been explored over many scientific publications. Quality concepts have been explored to give an insight into the nature of both types of needs - the manufacturer and the consumer, and how they have been managed over time so they have "altered" the quality of products and services by creating new features. Quality concepts deliver the first and most important factor in shaping quality - the needs of entrepreneurship and consumers. In the business sphere, the factors influencing the quality are manifested through the "Integrated Quality Control System and are: policy, information, design and construction, materials, equipment, labor resources, maintenance. The factors determining the development of the quality of products / services in the economic and medical spheres can be classified into five groups: needs, economic factors, market, achievements of science and technology - new technologies, education - development, level of professional qualities, public relationships, level, person and social environment and governance. They have different influence and strength in each of the two spheres Among the factors for the development of quality there is dependence and mutual influence, arising from the relations in the society, based on the economic relations. Their core is built up by the two types of needs - those of the manufacturer and those of the user. By their very nature, they are antagonistic needs linked to different individual motives, which are the subject of a separate study. Combining and synchronizing individual and public interests is a factor in shaping the welfare state policy.

This study evaluates stakeholders’ perceptions of the actualisation of the formal, non-formal, as well as guidance and counselling curriculum in Uganda’s Seed secondary schools. Using a stratified four-stage cluster design, twelve Seed secondary schools, 630 students from senior three and four, and 93 teachers were randomly selected. Using purposive sampling, eight school administrators, four officials from the Directorate of Education Standards (DES), and 48 parents, were selected. Data collection was through administering interviews with school administrators and DES officials, conducting focus group discussions with teachers and parents, and self-administered questionnaires to students. A document review of institutional files and documents was done. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic coding and major themes emerged from the analysis; quantitative data was analysed using SPSS software. Findings on the actualisation of the formal curriculum show low levels of lesson preparations, teacher punctuality, parents’ monitoring of students learning, formative assessments, full-time teaching, equipped science laboratories, and the presence of computer laboratories, digital resources, and ICT teachers. Concerning the implementation of the non-formal curriculum, findings reveal inadequate time, facilities and equipment for co-curricular activities, several stakeholders managing discipline among students including prefects, disciplinary committees, parents, and the disciplinary committee of the board of governors, and poor medical care for students since the posted nurses abscond from duty. Lastly, concerning the implementation of guidance and counselling curriculum, findings indicate that several mechanisms like guidance and counselling programs, the existence of a career’s master/mistress, class visiting days are missing in most of the schools, and the psychosocial needs of students were not met. It is concluded that, to a large extent, a significant gap exists in the implementation of the official curriculum in seed secondary schools of Uganda. The study recommends the recruitment of more teachers on the government payroll in all seed secondary schools in the country. This will make teachers available at the school for consultation with students at all times. Construction and equipping of both science laboratories and computer laboratories in all seed secondary schools. Regular monitoring and close supervision of seed secondary schools by the relevant organs of the Ministry of Education and Sports should be effectively carried out. There is a need for the construction of staff houses at seed schools to maintain teacher presence for the effective implementation of non-formal curricular activities.

Clinical results from various trials have demonstrated the viability of protons in radiation therapy and radiosurgery. This has motivated a few large medical centers to design and build expensive hospital based proton facilities based proton facilities (current cost estimates for a proton facility is around $100 million). Until this development proton therapy was done using retrofitted equipment originally designed for nuclear experiments. There are presently only three active proton therapy centers in the United States, 22 worldwide. However, more centers are under construction and being proposed in the US and abroad. The important difference between proton and x-ray therapy is in the dose distribution. X-rays deposit most of their dose at shallow depths of a few centimeters with a gradual decay with depth in the patient. Protons deliver most of their dose in the Bragg peak, which can be delivered at most clinically required depths followed by a sharp fall-off. This sharp falloff makes protons sensitive to variations in treatment depths within patients. Treatment planning incorporates all the knowledge of protons into a process, which allows patients to be treated accurately and reliably. This process includes patient immobilization, imaging, targeting, and modeling of planned dose distributions. Although the principles are similar to x-ray therapy some significant differences exist in the planning process, which described in this paper. Target dose conformality has recently taken on much momentum with the advent of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with photon beams. Proton treatments provide a viable alternative to IMRT because they are inherently conformal avoiding normal tissue while irradiating the intended targets. Proton therapy will soon bring conformality to a new high with the development of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Future challenges include keeping the cost down, increasing access to conventional proton therapy as well as the clinical implementation of IMPT. Computing advances are making Monte Carlo techniques more accessible to treatment planning for all modalities including proton therapy. This technique will allow complex delivery configurations to be properly modeled in a clinical setting.

Problem statement. Modern experience in designing rehabilitation facilities is very small and isrepresented mainly by mobile hospitals. The complexity and multivisibility of the considered problem indicates theneed for its further in-depth study. From the given material it is possible to draw a conclusion that architecture today isredirected to fast change of processes of clearing, the technological equipment.Purpose of the article. The article aims to solve the following tasks:− to conduct a retrospective analysis, to determine the temporary stages of formation and development of medicalinstitutions with a rehabilitation function;− to analyze domestic and foreign design experience;− identify factors influencing the formation of institutions with a rehabilitation function;− to conduct a comparative analysis of modern requirements for the design and construction of rehabilitationcenters in Europe, the United States, Russia, Ukraine, Syria.Conclusion. 1. It is established that the prerequisites for the establishment of rehabilitation centers were thefollowing: The number of disabled people is currently increasing among adults in Syria and Ukraine, as well as in mostcountries around the world, which in recent years has been developing dynamically medical systems for the treatmentof disabled people.Український журнал будівництва та архітектури, № 4 (004), 2021, ISSN (Print) 2710-0367, ISSN (Online) 2710-0375 66 2. It is determined that in the foreign approach to the rehabilitation of the disabled, special conditions are createdfor post-clinical treatment in the departments of clinics, hospitals and specialized centers. The study of foreign designexperience revealed the consistent development of the concept of creating a rehabilitation environment. It is determinedthat the block system of layout of buildings of the rehabilitation center prevails in foreign experience. The originalcorridor planning system of buildings of medical institutions, including rehabilitation centers, gave way to a neutraltype of recreational space.3. Modern experience in designing rehabilitation facilities is very limited and is represented mainly by mobilehospitals, after which, if necessary, the patient is transferred or to a military hospital, obsolete for decades of operation,to a general rehabilitation center where patients are treated for injuries.4. The complexity and multidimensionality of the problem indicates the need and feasibility of its further in-depthstudy.5. From the above we can conclude that today's architecture of ZMR is reoriented to the rapid change of processingprocesses and technological equipment. When designing complex hospital care systems, there is a desire to achievetheir maximum efficiency.6. Rehabilitation centers and hospitals are filled with various elements of infrastructure. They becomemultifunctional. Obviously, there is a tendency to turn the strict walls of hospitals into comfortable ones with complexinteriors.7. The planning structure of medical buildings is also changing. The use of corridor planning systems is decliningas they have become less convenient.8. Therefore, in order to implement the rehabilitation center and for its effective functioning in Ukraine, it isnecessary: at the legislative and practical levels to create rehabilitation departments in all hospitals, where highlyspecialized and formed rehabilitation teams will work; to translate the training of rehabilitation specialists into thehealth care system, as is the case, at least in the United States and European countries. In addition, there must befinancial support for the reform from the state.

There have been many attempts to predict new markets, including a new market for internet of things (IoT)-based healthcare and the IoT platform’s ability to offer a variety of applications. It is anticipated that the market for these devices will continue to grow as the healthcare sector undergoes fast expansion. IoT can measure a user’s kinetic data (calorie consumption, distance, number of steps, etc.) using wearable healthcare equipment. Most of the recent top research on IoT-based healthcare wearable devices (IWHDs) has, up to this point, concentrated on potential users. The medical industry and healthcare are being quickly changed by the use and adoption of wearable healthcare devices. This study intended to uncover the mediating impacts of “perceived ease of use”, “perceived usefulness”, and “community immersion” on the interactions between influencing factors (personalization, service convenience, interactivity), and the intention to utilize IHWDs. The moderating role of a consumer’s innovativeness in the influence link between IHWD features on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness was also examined. The study found that personalization has a direct (+) impact on usage intention. Through this, it would be feasible to raise the intention of wearable medical devices being accepted if customized benefits that are thoroughly examined just for individuals are supplied. The association between personalization and continued use intention was shown to be partially mediated by perceived utility and community immersion. Additionally, the association between interactivity and continued use intention, was fully mediated by perceived usefulness and community immersion. By analyzing the elements influencing the usage intention of wearable healthcare devices, this study offers a marketing plan to increase the number of users. The internet of medical things (IoMT) sector has had compound growth of approximately 26% from 2018 to 2021, which is a remarkable accomplishment. The effectiveness of factors affecting IoT usage was examined in this study when applied to the actual IoT industry. First, patients with diabetes who previously had to check their blood sugar levels through a blood test can now check it through lifestyle management and steady glucose monitoring through IoMT glucose monitoring when the convenience and individuality of the service are improved. So far, 10% of all Americans have benefited from this device. Second, as an illustration of interactivity, an IoMT-connected inhaler used to assist asthma sufferers with breathing, notifies the user when the inhaler is left at home and reminds them of appropriate times to use the device. This subsequently resulted in saving 1 life out of every 3 deaths. In addition, the findings of this study may also provide a turning point for the design and development of cutting-edge IoT-based healthcare goods and services.

In the new issue, our scientific journal offers you thirteen scientific articles. As always, we try to offer a wide variety of topics and areas and follow current trends in the history of science and technology. In the article by Olha Chumachenko, оn the basis of a wide base of sources, the article highlights and analyzes the development of research work of aircraft engine companies in Zaporizhzhia during the 1970s. The existence of a single system of functioning of the Zaporizhzhia production association “Motorobudivnyk” (now the Public Joint Stock Company “Motor Sich”) and the Zaporizhzhia Machine-Building Design Bureau “Progress” (now the State Enterprise “Ivchenko – Progress”) has been taken into account. Leonid Griffen and Nadiia Ryzheva present their vision of the essence of technology as a socio-historical phenomenon. The article reveals the authors' vision of the essence of the technology as a sociohistorical phenomenon. It is based on the idea that technology is not only a set of technical devices but a segment of the general system – a society – located between a social medium and its natural surroundings in the form of a peculiar social technosphere, which simultaneously separates and connects them. Definitely the article by Denis Kislov, which examines the period from the end of the XVII century to the beginning of the XIX century, is also of interest, when on the basis of deep philosophical concepts, a new vision of the development of statehood and human values raised. At this time, a certain re-thinking of the management and communication ideas of Antiquity and the Renaissance took place, which outlined the main promising trends in the statehood evolution, which to one degree or another were embodied in practice in the 19th and 20th centuries. A systematic approach and a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of those years’ achievements for the present and the immediate future of the 21st century served as the methodological basis for a comprehensive review of the studies of that period. The article by Serhii Paliienko is devoted to an exploration of archaeological theory issues at the Institute of archaeology AS UkrSSR in the 1960s. This period is one of the worst studied in the history of Soviet archaeology. But it was the time when in the USSR archaeological researches reached the summit, quantitative methods and methods of natural sciences were applied and interest in theoretical issues had grown in archaeology. Now there are a lot of publications dedicated to theoretical discussions between archaeologists from Leningrad but the same researches about Kyiv scholars are still unknown The legacy of St. Luke in medical science, authors from Greece - this study aims to highlight key elements of the life of Valentyn Feliksovych Voino-Yasenetskyi and his scientific contribution to medicine. Among the scientists of European greatness, who at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries showed interest to the folklore of Galicia (Halychyna) and Galician Ukrainians, contributed to their national and cultural revival, one of the leading places is occupied by the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Verkhratskyi. He was both naturalist and philologist, as well as folklorist and ethnographer, organizer of scientific work, publisher and popularizer of Ukrainian literature, translator, publicist and famous public figure. I. H. Verkhratskyi was also an outstanding researcher of plants and animals of Eastern Galicia, a connoisseur of insects, especially butterflies, the author of the first school textbooks on natural science written in Ukrainian. A new emerging field that has seen the application of the drone technology is the healthcare sector. Over the years, the health sector has increasingly relied on the device for timely transportation of essential articles across the globe. Since its introduction in health, scholars have attempted to address the impact of drones on healthcare across Africa and the world at large. Among other things, it has been reported by scholars that the device has the ability to overcome the menace of weather constraints, inadequate personnel and inaccessible roads within the healthcare sector. This notwithstanding, data on drones and drone application in Ghana and her healthcare sector in particular appears to be little within the drone literature. Also, little attempt has been made by scholars to highlight the use of drones in African countries. By using a narrative review approach, the current study attempts to address the gap above. By this approach, a thorough literature search was performed to locate and assess scientific materials involving the application of drones in the military field and in the medical systems of Africans and Ghanaians in particular. The paper by Artemii Bernatskyi and Vladyslav Khaskin is devoted to the analysis of the history of the laser creation as one of the greatest technical inventions of the 20th century. This paper focuses on establishing a relation between the periodization of the stages of creation and implementation of certain types of lasers, with their influence on the invention of certain types of equipment and industrial technologies for processing the materials, the development of certain branches of the economy, and scientific-technological progress as a whole. The paper discusses the stages of: invention of the first laser; creation of the first commercial lasers; development of the first applications of lasers in industrial technologies for processing the materials. Special attention is paid to the “patent wars” that accompanied different stages of the creation of lasers. A comparative analysis of the market development for laser technology from the stage of creation to the present has been carried out. Nineteenth-century world exhibitions were platforms to demonstrate technical and technological changes that witnessed the modernization and industrialization of the world. World exhibitions have contributed to the promotion of new inventions and the popularization of already known, as well as the emergence of art objects of world importance. One of the most important world events at the turn of the century was the 1900 World's Fair in Paris. Thus, the author has tried to analyze the participation of representatives of the sugar industry in the World's Fair in 1900 and to define the role of exhibitions as indicators of economic development, to show the importance and influence of private entrepreneurs, especially from Ukraine, on the sugar industry and international contacts. The article by Viktor Verhunov highlights the life and creative path of the outstanding domestic scientist, theorist, methodologist and practitioner of agricultural engineering K. G. Schindler, associated with the formation of agricultural mechanics in Ukraine. The methodological foundation of the research is the principles of historicism, scientific nature and objectivity in reproducing the phenomena of the past based on the complex use of general scientific, special, interdisciplinary methods. For the first time a number of documents from Russian and Ukrainian archives, which reflect some facts of the professional biography of the scientist, were introduced into scientific circulation. The authors from Kremenchuk National University named after Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi presented a fascinating study of a bayonet fragment with severe damages of metal found in the city Kremenchuk (Ukraine) in one of the canals on the outskirts of the city, near the Dnipro River. Theoretical research to study blade weapons of the World War I period and the typology of the bayonets of that period, which made it possible to put forward an assumption about the possible identification of the object as a modified bayonet to the Mauser rifle has been carried out. Metal science expert examination was based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine the concentration of elements in the sample from the cleaned part of the blade. In the article by Mykola Ruban and Vadym Ponomarenko on the basis of the complex analysis of sources and scientific literature the attempt to investigate historical circumstances of development and construction of shunting electric locomotives at the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant has been made. The next scientific article continues the series of publications devoted to the assessment of activities of the heads of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Empire. In this article, the authors have attempted to systematize and analyze historical data on the activities of Klavdii Semyonovych Nemeshaev as the Minister of Railways of the Russian Empire. The article also assesses the development and construction of railway network in the Russian Empire during Nemeshaev's office, in particular, of the Amur Line and Moscow Encircle Railway, as well as the increase in the capacity of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The article discusses K. S. Nemeshaev's contribution to the development of technology and the introduction of a new type of freight steam locomotive for state-owned railways. We hope that everyone will find interesting useful information in the new issue. And, of course, we welcome your new submissions.

STEAM-based learning is a global issue in early-childhood education practice. STEAM content becomes an integrative thematic approach as the main pillar of learning in kindergarten. This study aims to develop a conceptual and practical approach in the implementation of children's education by applying a modification from STEAM Learning to R-SLAMET. The research used a qualitative case study method with data collection through focus group discussions (FGD), involving early-childhood educator's research participants (n = 35), interviews, observation, document analysis such as videos, photos and portfolios. The study found several ideal categories through the use of narrative data analysis techniques. The findings show that educators gain an understanding of the change in learning orientation from competency indicators to play-based learning. Developing thematic play activities into continuum playing scenarios. STEAM learning content modification (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math) to R-SLAMETS content (Religion, Science, Literacy, Art, Math, Engineering, Technology and Social study) in daily class activity. Children activities with R-SLAMETS content can be developed based on an integrative learning flow that empowers loose part media with local materials learning resources. Keyword: STEAM to R-SLAMETS, Early Childhood Education, Integrative Thematic Learning References Ali, E., Kaitlyn M, C., Hussain, A., & Akhtar, Z. (2018). the Effects of Play-Based Learning on Early Childhood Education and Development. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 7(43), 4682–4685. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2018/1044 Ata Aktürk, A., & Demircan, O. (2017). A Review of Studies on STEM and STEAM Education in Early Childhood. Journal of Kırşehir Education Faculty, 18(2), 757–776. Azizah, W. A., Sarwi, S., & Ellianawati, E. (2020). 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Embedding play-based learning into junior primary (Year 1 and 2) Curriculum in WA. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43(1), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v43n1.7 Kennedy, A., & Barblett, L. (2010). Supporting the Early Years Learning Framework. Research in Practise Series, 17(3), 1–12. Keung, C. P. C., & Cheung, A. C. K. (2019). Towards Holistic Supporting of Play-Based Learning Implementation in Kindergartens: A Mixed Method Study. Early Childhood Education Journal, 47(5), 627–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00956-2 Keung, C. P. C., & Fung, C. K. H. (2020). Exploring kindergarten teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in the development of play-based learning. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(2), 244–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1724656 Krogh, S., & Morehouse, P. (2014). The Early Childhood Curriculum : Inquiry Learning Through Integration. Liao, C. (2016). 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Eni Starts Area 1 Production off Mexico via MODEC FPSO MODEC said first oil has flowed through FPSO MIAMTE MV34 operating in the Offshore Area 1 block in the Bay of Campeche off Mexico. The contractor was appointed by Eni Mexico for the supply, charter, and operation of the FPSO in the Eni-operated Offshore Area 1 block in 2018. The charter contract will run for an initial 15 years, with options for extension every year thereafter up to 5 additional years. Moored in a water depth of approximately 32 m some 10 km off Mexico’s coast, the FPSO is capable of handling 90,000 B/D of oil, 75 MMcf/D of gas, and 120,000 B/D of water injection with a storage capacity of 700,000 bbl of oil. The FPSO boasts a disconnectable tower yoke mooring system, a first-of-its-kind design in the industry. The system was developed to moor the FPSO in shallow water, while also allowing the unit to disconnect its mooring and depart the area to avoid winter storms and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. The mooring system was developed by MODEC subsidiary SOFEC Inc. The mooring jacket was fabricated in Altamira, Mexico. Eni Starts Production from Ndungu EP Development Italy’s Eni has started production from the Ndungu Early Production (EP) development in Block 15/06 of the Angolan deep offshore, via the Ngoma FPSO. With an expected production rate in the range of 20,000 B/D, the project will sustain the plateau of the Ngoma, a 100,000-B/D, zero-discharge, and zero-process-flaring FPSO, upgraded in 2021 to minimize emissions. A further exploration and delineation campaign will be performed in Q2 2022 to assess the full potential of the overall assets of Ndungu. Ndungu EP is the third startup achieved by Eni Angola in Block 15/06 in the past 7 months, after Cuica Early Production and the Cabaca North Development Project. Block 15/06 is operated by Eni Angola with a 36.84% share. Sonangol Pesquisa e Produção (36.84%) and SSI Fifteen Ltd. (26.32%) comprise the rest of the joint venture. Aramco Discovers Natural Gas in Four Regions Saudi Aramco has discovered natural gas fields in four regions of the kingdom, the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) reported, citing Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman. The fields were found in the Empty Quarter desert located in the central area of the kingdom, near its northern border and in the eastern region, he said, according to SPA. Saudi Arabia wants to increase gas production and boost the share of natural gas in its energy mix to meet growing electricity consumption and to make more crude available for export. The minister said an unspecified number of fields were discovered and he mentioned five by name: Shadoon, in the central region; Shehab and Shurfa, in the Empty Quarter in the southeastern region; Umm Khansar, near the northern border with Iraq; and Samna in the eastern region. Two of the gas fields, Samna and Umm Khansar, were said to be “nonconventional” and possibly shale finds. Lukoil Completes Area 4 Deal in Mexico Russian producer Lukoil has completed a deal to become a lead stakeholder in an Area 4 shallow-water asset adjacent to Tabasco and Campeche in Mexico. Under the deal, Lukoil has acquired a 50% stake in the asset from US independent Fieldwood Energy, which filed for US bankruptcy protection in August 2020, for $685 million. The original deal was priced at $435 million; the additional $250 million is related to expenditures Fieldwood incurred since 1 January 2021. Fieldwood committed to invest $477 million to increase oil production from the Ichalkil and Pokoch fields from the current level of 25,000 B/D to a plateau level of 115,000 B/D. Situated in water depths between 35 and 45 m, the fields’ recoverable hydrocarbon reserves amount to 564 million BOE, more than 80% of which is crude oil. Production started in Q4 2021; current average oil production has exceeded 25,000 B/D. The approved work program includes drilling three development wells (two on Ichalkil and one on Pokoch), upgrading three production platforms, and performing seismic reprocessing and petrophysical studies. The remaining 50% stake in Area 4 is held by operator PetroBal, a subsidiary of Mexico’s GrupoBal. Petrobras Sells Polo Norte Capixaba Field Cluster In line with its strategy to concentrate resources on deepwater and ultradeepwater assets, Brazil’s Petrobras has sold 100% of its interest in Norte Capixaba cluster to Seacrest Exploração e Produção de Petróleo Ltda for $544 million, including a $66-million contingent payment. The cluster comprises four producing fields—Cancã, Fazenda Alegre, Fazenda São Rafael, and Fazenda Santa Luzia—and produced 6,470 BOE/D in 2021. The deal also includes the Norte Capixaba Terminal (TNC) and all production facilities. NewMed Targets Morocco Market Entry Israel-based NewMed Energy, formerly Delek Drilling, has identified Morocco as “a country with enormous geological and commercial potential,” in particular the Moroccan coastal areas in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic. The announcement comes a day after the Moroccan Minister of Industry and Trade, Ryad Mezzour, and his Israeli counterpart, Orna Barbivai, signed an MOU aimed at promoting investments and exchanges between the two countries in the digital design, food, automotive, aviation, textile, water technologies and renewable energies, medical equipment, and the pharmaceutical industries. In September 2021, the Israeli oil and gas exploration company obtained from the Moroccan ministry the exploration and study rights of the Dakhla Atlantic Block, which has an area of about 109000 km2. ExxonMobil Sells Nigerian Assets to Seplat ExxonMobil has agreed to sell its shallow-water assets in Nigeria to Seplat Energy for $1.28 billion plus a contingent consideration of $300 million. Seplat said it is acquiring a 40% operating stake in four oil leases to nearly triple its annual net production to 146,000 BOE/D. The deal also includes the Qua Iboe export terminal and a 51% interest in the Bonny River Terminal and natural gas liquids recovery plants at EAP and Oso. It does not include any of ExxonMobil’s deepwater fields in Nigeria. TotalEnergies Discovers Large Oil Field off Namibia TotalEnergies has made a significant discovery of light oil with associated gas on the Venus prospect, located in block 2913B in the Orange Basin, offshore southern Namibia. The Venus 1-X well encountered approximately 84 m of net oil pay in a good-quality Lower Cretaceous reservoir. The find’s potential reserves are estimated at 2 billion bbl of oil. “This discovery offshore Namibia and the very promising initial results prove the potential of this play in the Orange Basin, on which TotalEnergies owns an important position both in Namibia and South Africa,” said Kevin McLachlan, senior vice president exploration at TotalEnergies. “A comprehensive coring and logging program has been completed. This will enable the preparation of appraisal operations designed to assess the commerciality of this discovery.” Block 2913B covers approximately 8215 km2 in deep offshore Namibia. TotalEnergies is the operator with a 40% working interest, alongside QatarEnergy (30%), Impact Oil and Gas (20%), and NAMCOR (10%). CNPC Scoops Ishpingo Drilling Contract The first drilling contract at the Ishpingo oil field near Ecuador’s Yasuni National Park has been awarded to China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC), Energy Minister Juan Carlos Bermeo told Reuters. Following the approval of a new hydrocarbon law and legislation, Ecuador plans to move forward with auctions and competitive processes for securing foreign and domestic capital for oil and gas exploration, production, transportation, and refining projects. The first drilling campaign to start after an environmental license was granted for the sensitive area will involve 40 wells over the next 18 months. It will focus on the field’s allowed zone without touching an area protected by a court ruling that has prevented extending drilling. Ishpingo is the latest part of the ITT-43 oil field in Ecuador’s Amazonia region to start drilling after Tambococha and Tiputini. It is expected to produce heavy oil to be added to the nation’s output of flagship Napo crude, Bermeo said. BP Brings Hershel Expansion Project On Line in US GOM BP has successfully started production from the Herschel Expansion project in the Gulf of Mexico—the first of four major projects scheduled to be delivered globally in 2022. Phase 1 comprises development of a new subsea production system and the first of up to three wells tied to the Na Kika platform in the Mississippi Canyon area. At its peak, this first well is expected to increase platform annual gross production by an estimated 10,600 BOE/D. The BP-operated well was drilled to a depth of approximately 19,000 ft and is located southeast of the Na Kika platform, approximately 140 miles off the coast of New Orleans. The project provides infrastructure for future well tie-in opportunities. BP and Shell each hold a 50% working interest in the development. Petrobras Kicks off Gulf of Mexico Asset Sales Petrobras has begun an asset sale program in the Gulf of Mexico, in line with the company’s strategy of debt reduction and pivot toward Brazilian deepwater production. The package for sale includes the company’s 20% stake in MP Gulf of Mexico (MPGoM) which holds ownership stakes in 15 fields in partnership with Murphy Oil. In addition to partnership-operated fields, MPGoM owns nonoperated interests in Occidental’s Lucius, Kosmos’ Kodiak, Shell’s Habanero, and Chevron’s St. Malo fields. During the first half of 2021, Petrobras’ share of production was 11,300 BOE/D. ExxonMobil Liza Phase 2 Underway off Guyana ExxonMobil started production of Liza Phase 2, Guyana’s second offshore oil development on the Stabroek Block; total production capacity is now more than 340,000 B/D in the 7 years since the country’s first discovery. Production at the Liza Unity FPSO is expected to reach its target of 220,000 bbl of oil later this year. The Stabroek Block’s recoverable resource base is estimated at more than 10 billion BOE. The current resource has the potential to support up to 10 projects. ExxonMobil anticipates that four FPSOs with a capacity of more than 800,000 B/D will be in operation on the block by year-end 2025. Payara, the third project in the block, is expected to produce approximately 220,000 BOPD using the Prosperity FPSO vessel, currently under construction. The field development plan and application for environmental authorization for the Yellowtail project, the fourth project in the block, have been submitted for government and regulatory approvals. The Liza Unity arrived in Guyana in October 2021. It is moored in water depth of about 1650 m and will store around 2 million bbl of crude. ExxonMobil affiliate Esso Exploration and Production Guyana Ltd. is the operator and holds 45% interest. Hess Guyana Exploration Ltd. holds 30% interest and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana Ltd. holds 25%. Dragon Finds Oil in Gulf of Suez UAE’s Dragon Oil has discovered oil in the Gulf of Suez, according to a statement from the Egyptian Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. The field contains potential reserves of around 100 million bbl inside the northeastern region of Ramadan. That estimate makes it one of the largest oil finds in the region over the past 2 decades. Development plans were not reported but reserve numbers could expand, the ministry said. The oil field is the first discovery by Dragon Oil since it acquired 100% of BP’s Gulf of Suez Petroleum assets in 2019. Dragon Oil, wholly owned by Emirates National Oil Co., holds 100% interest in East Zeit Bay off the southern Gulf of Suez region. The 93-km2 block lies in shallow waters of 10 to 40 m.

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown its destructiveness with more than one million confirmed cases and dozens of thousands of death, which is highly contagious and still spreading globally. World-wide studies have been conducted aiming to understand the COVID-19 mechanism, transmission, clinical features, etc. A cross-language terminology of COVID-19 is essential for improving knowledge sharing and scientific discovery dissemination. Methods We developed a bilingual terminology of COVID-19 named COVID Term with mapping Chinese and English terms. The terminology was constructed as follows: (1) Classification schema design; (2) Concept representation model building; (3) Term source selection and term extraction; (4) Hierarchical structure construction; (5) Quality control (6) Web service. We built open access for the terminology, providing search, browse, and download services. Results The proposed COVID Term include 10 categories: disease, anatomic site, clinical manifestation, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, living organism, qualifiers, psychological assistance, medical equipment, instruments and materials, epidemic prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment technique respectively. In total, COVID Terms covered 464 concepts with 724 Chinese terms and 887 English terms. All terms are openly available online (COVID Term URL: http://covidterm.imicams.ac.cn). Conclusions COVID Term is a bilingual terminology focused on COVID-19, the epidemic pneumonia with a high risk of infection around the world. It will provide updated bilingual terms of the disease to help health providers and medical professionals retrieve and exchange information and knowledge in multiple languages. COVID Term was released in machine-readable formats (e.g., XML and JSON), which would contribute to the information retrieval, machine translation and advanced intelligent techniques application.

Abstract Objective: To circumvent the need for rationing personal protective equipment (PPE), we explored whether germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) could be used to inactivate human coronaviruses on PPE, enabling safe reuse. Design: We performed a laboratory study to assess the ability of 2 commercially available portable GUV devices to inactivate 2 common cold coronaviruses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), on the surface of whole N95 respirators and coupons cut from those respirators. We experimentally contaminated N95 respirators with coronavirus cultures and then assessed viral inactivation after GUV exposure by plaque assay, the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: We found that GUV could efficiently inactivate coronaviruses on the surface of N95 masks, with an average reduction in viral titers of 5-log for HCoV-229E, 3-log for HCoV-OC43, and 5-log for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the GUV susceptibility of HCoV-229E was similar on coupons and whole N95 respirators. Conclusions: We demonstrate that diverse human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are susceptible to GUV inactivation, and 2 scalable portable GUV devices were effective in inactivating coronaviruses on N95 respirators. Thus, GUV treatment with commercially scalable devices may be an effective method to decontaminate PPE, allowing their safe reuse.