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1
Ouyang, Min. "Resource reallocation, productivity dynamics, and business cycles." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2717.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Захарова, Ірина Вікторівна, Ирина Викторовна Захарова, and Iryna Viktorivna Zakharova. "Innovation performance for environmental and resource productivity estimating." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8496.
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Mahmood, Hafiz Zahid. "Resource distribution and productivity analysis within Pakistan's agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16002.
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Land ist eine entscheidende Ressource in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion, aber seine ungleiche Verteilung verzögert das Wohlergehen der Entwicklungsländer. Diese Studie wurde hauptsächlich entwickelt, um die Verteilung von land und die damit verbundenen Problemen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktivität in den zugehörigen Ländern zu erforschen. Darüber hinaus wurde die unterschiedliche Ebene der Verteilung von land auf die Beziehungen zu anderen betriebs und sozio-ökonomischen Indikatoren analysiert. Ebenso wurde die vollständige oder teilweise Faktor-produktivität, Bruttoergebnisse, Ernteintensität, Ernte-Vielfalt, die Unterschiede der Einkommensverteilung und die institutionelle Kredit Verfügbarkeit untersucht. Alle der genannten Indikatoren wurden für kleine, mittlere und große Kategorien der Betriebsgrößen bewertet. Drei verschiedene Standorte wurden differenziert nach ihrem zugang zu bewässerung aus gesucht z.B. ständig bewässerte. Flächen m0it ganzjährigen Dauerkulturen, nicht dauerhaft bewässerten Flächen mit sechsmonatiger Bewässerbarkeit durch die öffentliche Infrastruktur und Flächen mit dene bewässerungs-infrastrukture (vor allem durch Brunnen bewässert). Verschiedene statistische (zB. Gini-Koeffizient, Lorenz-Kurve, Herfindahl-Index etc.) und ökonometrische Maßnahmen (log-log-Funktion) wurden zu messung verschiedener Indikatoren zur Erreichung der Ziele der Studie verwendet. Der Ergebnisse belegen eine gleichmäßige Landverteilung in nicht dauerhaft bewässerten Gebieten, während die Landverteilung in regenbewässerten Gebieten zersplittert ist. Die Leistung der meisten der Indikatoren, d.h. die Rendite, Bruttoergebnisse, die landwirtschaftlichen Einkommen, Arbeitsproduktivität, Einkommensverteilung, Anbauintensität und Anbaudiversität war im Vergleich zu anderen Gebieten höher. Während die Faktorproduktivität, Bewässerungsproduktivität und die institutionelle Kreditverfügbarkeit in dauerhaft bewässerten Gebieten höher war. Allerdings wiesen regenbewässerung-gebiete immer die geringste Effizienz in Bezug auf alle der genannten Indikatoren auf. Die genannten Indikatoren waren bei kleinen Betrieben stärker ausgeprägt als bei größeren betrieben. Darüber hinaus bestätigten regressive Ergebnisse der Studie die Existenz der inversen Beziehung zwischen Betriebsgröße und Produktivität an allen Standorten der Studie. Daher wird der Schluss gezogen, dass eine bessere Verteilung von Land und kleine Betriebsstrukturen der Landwirtschaft dazu beitragen können, mehr zu produzieren. Es wird dringend empfohlen, dass die Umverteilungen der Land reformen notwendig sind, in Entwicklungs ländern mit Landknappheit und reichlichen Arbeitskräften wie Pakistan. Es kann auch zur Linderung von Armut beitragen und als Hilfe zür Ernährungssicherung in den benachteiligten Regionen dienen.Land is a pivotal resource in agriculture production but its uneven distribution retards the welfare of developing nations. This study was, mainly, devised to address land distribution problems and consequent farm productivity in the study area. Furthermore, level of land distribution disparities was focused on to observe its relationship with different on-farm and socio-economic indicators including total and partial factor productivities, gross margins, cropping intensity, crop diversity, income distribution disparities and institutional credit availability etc. All of the aforesaid indicators were also assessed for small, medium and large farm size categories. Three distinct locations were chosen on the basis of varying irrigation endowments i.e. irrigated perennial area with year round, irrigated non-perennial area with six months irrigation availability through public infrastructure and rainfed area was mainly tubewell irrigated (without public irrigation infrastructure). Various statistical (i.e. Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, Herfindahl Index etc) and econometric measures (i.e. log-log function) were employed to quantify different indicators to achieve objectives of the study. Land was observed evenly distributed in irrigated non-perennial area as compared to other areas while land distribution was found most skewed in rainfed area. The performance of most of the indicators i.e. yield, gross margins, farm income, labour productivity, income distribution, cropping intensity and crop diversity was found better as compared to other areas. While total factor productivity, irrigation productivity and rate of institutional credit availability was higher in irrigated perennial area. However, rainfed area was always least efficient with respect to all of the quantified indicators. The aforesaid indicators were observed better at small farms than larger ones. Moreover, regression results of the study also confirmed the existence of inverse relationship between farm size and productivity in all of the study locations. Therefore, it is concluded that better land distribution and small farms agriculture can help to produce more. So, it is strongly suggested that redistributive land reforms are necessary in land scarce and labour abundant developing countries like Pakistan. It can also alleviate poverty and help to bring food security in the deprived regions.
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Howard, Stephen B. "Resource capture and productivity of agroforestry systems in Kenya." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28417/.
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Resource capture and utilisation were studied in two agroforestry systems at the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) Research Station at Machakos, Kenya. The agroforestry systems examined contained two contrasting tree species, leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit) and grevillea (Grevillea robusta), and the C3 and C4 crops, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays, Katumani composite). The leucaena-based trial was established in November 1989 and the trees were grown with ten maize crop rows on either side of a pruned hedgerow (HM) or unpruned tree row (LM). A sole maize control (SM) was also grown. Paired sets of treatments were irrigated to eliminate below-ground competition for water (HMI, LMI and SMI respectively). Interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by leucaena and maize was measured on a row-wise basis in all treatments at 7-10 day intervals using a sunfleck ceptometer. Sap flux was measured for the maize and both pruned and unpruned leucaena using heat balance gauges. Results are presented for the 1992 April-July rainy season. Total PAR interception was 30 % greater in LM and LMI than in the SM and SMI sole maize treatments. However, little more than 30 % of the light intercepted by the LM and LMI systems was captured by the crop component, and competition for light alone reduced maize yields by over 30 %. Total water uptake by the LM leucaena and maize comprised 60 % of the seasonal rainfall (237 mm) as compared to 30 % for sole maize. However, as for light interception, only 30 % of the water transpired in LM was used by the intercropped maize, and competition from the trees for soil water reduced maize yields at distances of over 6 m from the leucaena. The leucaena was more effective at resource capture, yet less efficient in resource utilisation since it exhibited a lower dry matter:radiation quotient and a lower transpired water:dry matter ratio than maize. Thus the leucaena in the agroforestry systems captured more of the resources that could have been used more effectively by the maize, causing the performance of the mixture to be sub-optimal; these results suggest that the two components would be best grown separately. Intensive monitoring of resource capture and use by trees and crops was subsequently transferred to the Complementarity In Resource Use on Sloping land trial (CIRUS). Although it had been intended to study both trials during the long rains of 1993, the leucaena trees were almost completely defoliated by psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana) infestation shortly before the onset of the rains: in subsequent seasons, CIRUS was studied in preference to the leucaena trial as the trees had only partially recovered. CIRUS was designed to investigate the effects of competition and the extent of complementarity between grevillea and associated crops using the following treatments; sole crops (Cg) of cowpea during the short rains and maize during the long rains, dispersed-planted trees with (CTd) and without crops (Td), and across (CTa) or on-contour-planted (CTc) tree rows with crops. Light interception and water use were monitored using a similar measurement regime to that employed in the leucaena trial. Results are presented for the 199213 and 1993/4 short rainy seasons; the failure of the 1993 long rains forced the abandonment of experimental measurements during this season. Light interception by the Td and CTd grevillea increased greatly between the two short rainy seasons. Thus, total seasonal interception of PAR was three times greater in sole cowpea than in sole grevillea during the 1992/3 short rains, but by the following short rainy season was over 50 % greater in the grevillea than in the cowpea. Cumulative interception of PAR by the CTd grevillea and cowpea combined was more than twice that of the sole cowpea and over 40 % greater than that for sole grevillea during the 1993/4 short rains. Experiments involving artificially imposed shade showed that there was no reduction in total above-ground dry matter production in cowpea until 75 % shading was imposed. To quantify the degree of below-ground complementarity in water use between grevillea and cowpea, sap flux was measured using heat balance gauges attached to the stems of young grevillea (10-18 months old), both before and after excavating the crop rooting zone (upper 60 cm of soil) around the stem base. The crop rooting zone was removed to establish the capability of the grevillea to extract water from deeper horizons. After excavation, the trees maintained sap fluxes of up to 85 % of the unexcavated values. During both short rains, soil evaporation was by far the largest component of the water balance in all treatments. However, continued extraction of water by the trees during the dry season greatly increased resource capture~ thus total water uptake was three times greater for the sole trees than for the sole crop when dry season water use was included. During the 1993/4 short rains, water use was greatest in the CTd treatment, in which 25 % of the total seasonal rainfall was transpired by the trees and crops. Although transpiration by the CTd trees exceeded interception losses, the latter may have had a greater effect on crop growth by reducing the total quantity of water available within the system. The existence of below-ground complementarity and the shade tolerance of the cowpea suggest that deep-rooted tree species and certain C3 crops may be combined successfully in the semi-arid tropics, but the sensitivity of crop yield to any reduction in water availability within the system demonstrates the need for caution when implementing such systems. The results obtained are discussed in relation to previous research on intercropping and agroforestry and their implications for the successful adoption of agroforestry systems in the semi-arid tropics.
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Tate, Terry Geonnie. "U.S. Corporate Energy Productivity, Greenhouse Gas Productivity, and Return on Equity." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5662.
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Corporate leaders are expected to engage in corporate social responsibility by some stakeholders, but there is no consistent evidence that corporate social performance relates to financial performance. Grounded in instrumental stakeholder theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship among energy productivity, greenhouse gas productivity, and return on equity. The 2016 Newsweek Green Ranking U.S. 500 was the population for this study, which consisted of the largest companies in the United States with the highest corporate social performance scores. The secondary data were collected from Newsweek.com and Morningstar.com for this study. The multiple linear regression was used in the data analysis for the study. This study's model was F(2,104) = 1.028, p = .361, Adjusted R2 = .001 and represented that there was not a statistically significant relationship among energy productivity, greenhouse gas productivity, and return on equity. The implications for positive social change include the potential to provide corporate leaders with additional evidence to inform fact-based decisions related to the strategic allocation of resources to manage corporate energy productivity and greenhouse productivity. Effectively managing energy productivity and greenhouse gas productivity could contribute to reducing global warming, which would improve the quality of lives of U.S residents.
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Thomas, Raquel Simone. "Productivity and resource availability in lowland tropical rainforest in Guyana." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404769.
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Toth, David M. "Improving the productivity of volunteer computing." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2008. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-031508-210647/.
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Bein, Alexander. "Consumer-resource coupling stabilizes and enhances productivity in a fluctuating environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110682.
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Sustaining a high biomass of consumers and high primary productivity in a fluctuating and infertile environment has been suggested to be driven by consumers. The Lake Tanganyika inshore ecosystem provides a model system to understand how consumers can maintain primary productivity in an environment that has pulses of the limiting nutrient. Models of nutrient-limited food chains for the dominant herbivorous fish that graze on productive benthic algae were built and analyzed with parameters estimated from field data. The effects of pulse regimes, grazing, recycling, and losses on average productivity and its coefficient of variation (a measure of instability) were evaluated in terms of phosphorus, the limiting nutrient.We found that the range of possible consumer loss parameters was much lower than the critical value for the grazers to enhance productivity. If, as hypothesized, primary productivity is donor controlled in the littoral ecosystems of Lake Tanganyika, then grazers are expected to enhance primary productivity. However environmental loss rates could vary by more than two orders of magnitude. If primary productivity is recipient controlled, then the loss rates can exceed the critical value. This could occur when fish biomass was reduced by as little as 10%. Therefore removal or loss of consumer biomass could destabilize the littoral zones when primary productivity is under recipient control.Consumers that enhance primary production also decrease its instability. This effect is large as it reduces variations of primary production by an order of magnitude compared to when consumers are absent. In donor-controlled and Lotka-Volterra models, fluctuation of nutrient input had no effect on mean productivity (compared to constant conditions), regardless of the presence of consumers. However, primary productivity is different on average compared to a constant environment when consumption by either autotrophs or herbivores saturates at high resource abundance. In this case, average primary production is reduced by environmental fluctuations in the absence of consumers because of saturation of uptake by the autotrophs. In the presence of grazers with saturating consumption, fluctuations can either have a positive or negative impact on primary production. In any case, consumers still enhance productivity in a fluctuating environment under the same conditions that they do in a stable environment.Long-lived consumers with a high degree of recycling minimize the adverse effects on primary productivity from a fluctuating environment. Excessive, long-term, storage of nutrients by consumers, however, can sometimes lead to decreases in productivity and more sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. On the other extreme, short-lived organisms that recycle less can have a strongly negative effect on stability and average productivity. The consumers of Lake Tanganyika appear to occupy a range of intermediate turnover rates, and their estimated rates of recycling should lead to enhanced and stable levels of productivity. Thus the Lake Tanganyika littoral ecosystem provides a compelling case that, as long as consumers adequately recycle and store a limiting nutrient, consumers sustain ecosystem functioning in the face of environmental variability.Il a été proposé que les consommateurs puissent favoriser le maintien d'une biomasse de consommateurs et d'une productivité primaire élevées dans un environnement fluctuant et infertile. L'écosystème côtier du lac Tanganyika fournit un modèle pour comprendre comment les consommateurs peuvent maintenir la productivité primaire dans un tel environnement. Des modèles de chaînes alimentaires limitées par les nutriments ont été élaborés et analysés afin de clarifier le rôle des consommateurs dans l'amélioration de la productivité primaire quand les entrées des éléments nutritifs fluctuent. Les effets des régimes de fluctuations, de l'herbivorie, du recyclage et des pertes de nutriments sur la production primaire et sa variabilité ont été évalués lorsque le phosphore est l'élément limitant.La gamme possible des paramètres de perte des consommateurs s'est avérée beaucoup plus faible que la valeur seuil sous laquelle les herbivores augmentent la productivité. Si, comme cela semble vraisemblable, la productivité primaire est contrôlée par les autotrophes dans les écosystèmes littoraux du lac Tanganyika, on s'attend à ce que les herbivores augmentent la productivité primaire. Cependant, les taux de pertes environnementales peuvent varier de plus de deux ordres de grandeur et si la productivité primaire est contrôlée par les herbivores, les pertes pourraient dépasser la valeur seuil. Cela pourrait se produire lorsque la biomasse des poissons est réduite de 10% à peine. Le retrait ou la perte de biomasse des consommateurs pourrait dès lors déstabiliser les zones littorales lorsque la productivité primaire est contrôlée par les herbivores.Les consommateurs qui augmentent la production primaire en diminuent également l'instabilité. Cet effet est important car il réduit les variations de production primaire d'un ordre de grandeur par rapport à la situation où les consommateurs sont absents. La productivité primaire moyenne ne diffère par rapport à un environnement constant que lorsque la consommation des autotrophes ou des herbivores sature à haute abondance de ressources. Dans ce cas, la production primaire moyenne est réduite par les fluctuations de l'environnement en l'absence des consommateurs à cause d'une saturation de la consommation des autotrophes. En présence d'herbivores et avec saturation de leur consommation, les fluctuations peuvent avoir un impact soit positif ou négatif sur la production primaire. Dans les modèles contrôlés par le donneur ou de type Lotka-Volterra, les fluctuations des entrées de nutriments n'ont pas d'effet sur la productivité moyenne, que les consommateurs soient présents ou non. Les consommateurs à longue durée de vie et un degré élevé de recyclage minimisent les effets néfastes d'un environnement fluctuant sur la productivité primaire. Mais le stockage excessif et pour une longue période de nutriments par les consommateurs peut parfois conduire à une diminution de la productivité et une plus grande sensibilité de celle-ci aux fluctuations environnementales. À l'autre extrême, des organismes de courte longévité et qui recyclent moins peuvent avoir un effet fortement négatif sur la stabilité et la productivité moyenne. Les consommateurs du lac Tanganyika semblent occuper une gamme de longévités intermédiaires, et leurs taux de recyclage estimés devraient conduire à des niveaux de productivité accrus et stables. Ainsi, les écosystèmes littoraux du lac Tanganyika offrent une bonne illustration du fait que, tant que les consommateurs recyclent et stockent un élément nutritif limitant adéquatement, ces consommateurs maintiennent le fonctionnement des écosystèmes face à des variations de l'environnement.
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Thomas, Raquel Simone. "Forest productivity and resource availability in lowland tropical forests in Guyana." Thesis, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325358.
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Chinchilla, Soto Isabel. "Linkages between leaf traits and productivity in two resource-limited ecosystems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8933.
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Leaf traits have long been used to classify and characterise species in natural ecosystems. In addition, leaf traits provide important information about plants’ strategies for the use of resources and can be used to improve our understanding of ecosystem level processes such as nutrient cycling and carbon allocation. To explore the linkages between leaf traits and productivity, we worked in two resource-limited ecosystems (a grassland and a forest), and used leaf traits to understand how species respond to changes in available resources and their relationship to ecosystem processes. We worked in a species rich limestone-grassland located in central England, which has been subjected to long-term climatic manipulation (winter warming, summer drought and extra summer rainfall). We characterised species composition in terms of their identity, abundance and leaf structural properties (nitrogen content and leaf mass per area (LMA)) in the main treatments and the control. We found that change in species abundance was the most important factor to understand the differences in productivity (above ground biomass and total foliar nitrogen). We then measured CO2 exchange at ecosystem level, using a chamber technique, and assessed the treatments’ effect on the gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco). GPP and Reco were controlled by soil moisture and above ground biomass but also influenced by the conditions experienced during the growing season prior to the measuring period. Our second location was a post-disturbance chronosequence in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Costa Rica and we used leaf level gas exchange measurements to explore the role of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the temporal-spatial variation of photosynthesis of dominant species. We found that photosynthetic efficiency was strongly linked to leaf N and P content, but that there was an important seasonal pattern on this relationship likely associated to P remobilization. Additionally we found seasonal changes in resources (water, nutrients) had a larger impact on the photosynthetic parameters than changes along the chronosequence. The two ecosystems studied for this thesis are contrasting in their physiognomy, species composition and climate, but are also characterised by species whose structural traits (high LMA and high C:N ratio) are likely to have a significant impact on the nutrient cycling processes. We learned that leaf traits provide important information about species strategies and their usage of resources and they can also aid to address questions at ecosystem level in time and space, either through simple aggregation or as emergent properties. Additionally, the traits explored are important input information to up-scale processes from leaf to the ecosystem level, a step needed to address the effect changes in resources will have on the seasonally dry tropical forest and grasslands, which represent a significant fraction of the total global carbon storage.
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Rahiman, Muhammad Ali. "An exploration of the relationship between maintenance performance and resource productivity." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57500.
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As a consequence of their relative magnitude with respect to overall
organisational expenditure, potential sources for significant cost savings
involve maintenance costs, raw material costs and energy consumption.
Previously conducted but inconclusive research indicates that there may
be a relationship between maintenance activities and resource
productivity. If this is the case, knowledge of such a relationship may
unveil opportunities for direct productivity enhancement. Moreover, it
may also serve as an aid in making improved measurements of the true
value of the maintenance function. This in turn may enable practitioners
to recognize when resource reallocation may be required to achieve
greater levels of productivity.
The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between
maintenance activities and resource productivity. It aims in part to
assess if opportunities for productivity enhancement exist as a result of
such a relationship. It also aims to establish if resource productivity can
serve as a representative measure of maintenance performance. This
study is based on rigorously proven theoretical propositions which are
tested empirically on data procured from a metallurgical plant in South
Africa.
The conclusion of this study is that the maintenance function enables
equipment to process resources productively. Resource productivity may
thus have the propensity to serve as an encompassing and cost effective
measure of maintenance performance. In terms of its potential in this
regard, decreases in resource productivity may offer valuable signals
which indicate that corrective action is warranted.
In terms of productivity enhancement, this study elucidates the fact that
machinery should always be kept in the best operating condition
possible. When machinery malfunctions are discovered, it should be
repaired in a timely manner to prevent unnecessary wastage from
occurring.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
tm2016
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
MSc
Unrestricted
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Libert, Thibault. "Three Essays on Bank Credit and Resource Allocation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0184.
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De manière générale, cette thèse vise à évaluer dans quelle mesure l'hétérogénéité microéconomique influence les tendances et fluctuations des agrégats macroéconomiques, en particulier le crédit bancaire, la productivité et l'interaction entre ces deux variables.La première partie de la thèse est motivée par la faiblesse de la croissance de la productivité globale des facteurs observée post crise dans la plupart des pays développés. Cette partie étudie l'évolution et les caractéristiques de l'allocation des ressources dans le secteur manufacturier français avant, pendant et après la Grande Récession. L'inefficacité de l'allocation des facteurs a freiné la croissance de la productivité au cours de la décennie qui a précédé la crise. Elle explique également une part significative des fluctuations observées pendant la Grande Récession, l'interaction entre les inefficiences de l'allocation du facteur capital et du facteur travail jouant un rôle majeur. Par ailleurs, le ralentissement post crise semble être principalement dû à l'atonie de la croissance de la productivité individuelle des firmes, plutôt qu'à une détérioration de l'efficacité de l'allocation des ressources.La deuxième partie de la thèse étudie comment la structure granulaire de la distribution des prêts aux entreprises en France façonne le caractère cyclique du crédit bancaire agrégé. Les chocs de crédit microéconomiques affectant les plus gros emprunteurs sont pour une large part à l'origine de cette corrélation, alors que les chocs individuels spécifiques aux banques n'y contribuent pas de manière significative. Cela suggère qu'au niveau macroéconomique les mécanismes propres aux emprunteurs granulaires dominent l'effet des frictions financières qui pourraient contraindre les entreprises plus petites, ainsi que le canal du bilan des banques. La forte concentration observée dans la distribution des emprunteurs affecte également les flux de liquidité des banques: elle restreint la diversification et conduit à une synchronisation accrue des lignes de crédit.La troisième partie de la thèse relie la répartition des facteurs à l'allocation du crédit. Cette partie suggère que la propension des banques à prêter à des entreprises saines a été significativement réduite tant pendant la crise de 2007-2009 que pendant la crise de la zone Euro. Les chocs bancaires impactent l'activité réelle des entreprises; cette réduction a ainsi contribué à diminuer l'écart d'investissement entre les entreprises de bonne qualité et celles de qualité inférieure, ce qui a eu tendance à orienter le facteur capital vers des firmes qui étaient plus risquées et moins productives. L'augmentation soudaine des inefficiences liées à une mauvaise allocation du capital observée en temps de crise peut donc refléter des perturbations affectant l'allocation du créditFrom a broad perspective, this thesis aims at exploring the extent to which microeconomic heterogeneity shapes the trends and fluctuations of aggregate outcomes, by focusing on bank credit, productivity, and the interaction between these two variables.The first part of the thesis is motivated by the weakness of the total factor productivity (TFP) growth observed post-crisis in most developed countries. It examines the evolution and characteristics of resource misallocation in the French manufacturing sector before, during, and after the Great Recession. The inefficiency of the input allocation dampened productivity growth in the lead-up to the crisis. It also accounts for a sizeable part of the disruptions observed during the Great Recession, with the interplay between labor and capital misallocation playing a major role. On the other hand, the post crisis slowdown appears to be mostly driven by the sluggishness of the firm-level TFP growth, rather than by a worsening of resource misallocation.The second part of the thesis examines how the granular structure of the loan distribution in France shapes the cyclicality of aggregate bank credit lent to non-financial corporations. Microeconomic credit shocks affecting the largest borrowers largely drive this comovement, while bank individual shocks do not contribute significantly. It suggests that at the macro level mechanisms specific to the granular borrowers dominate both the effect of the financial frictions constraining smaller firms and the bank lending channel. The high level of concentration on the borrower side also affects bank liquidity flows: it leads credit line takedowns to be less diversifiable and more synchronized.The third part of the thesis relates input allocation to credit allocation. It suggests that the propensity of banks to lend to healthy firms was significantly reduced during both the 2007-2009 crisis and the Eurozone crisis. As bank lending shocks affect firm-level real outcomes, this reduction contributed to decrease the investment gap between high-quality and low-quality firms, thereby directing capital input towards companies that were more risky and less productive. The surge in capital misallocation observed in time of crisis may therefore reflect disruptions affecting credit allocation
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Smiley, Gary LeRoy. "Biophysical resource use and productivity in cocoa-gliricidia agroforests of Central Sulawesi /." Weikersheim : Margraf, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015452091&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Marshall, Fiona M. "Resource partitioning and productivity of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12206/.
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The productivity of two spatial arrangements of a perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry system was examined in relation to the capture and use of light and water and alterations in microclimatic conditions. Line planted (5.4 m alleys) and dispersed arrangements (1.8 x 1.2 m spacing) of pigeonpea were compared, using populations of 0.5 plants m2 for pigeonpea and 33 plants m2 (0.3 x 0.1 m spacing) for groundnut in both treatments. Sole pigeonpea and groundnut treatments were included for comparison. The experiment was conducted between July 1989 and March 1991 on a 0.6 ha plot of Alfisol at ICRISAT Center, Andhra Pradesh, India, using a randomised block design with four replications. The first groundnut harvest took place in October 1989, while pigeonpea was harvested for grain and fodder in January 1990, and was cut to a height of 0.5 m during the 1990 dry season and again in August 1990 after a second groundnut crop was sown. The second groundnut harvest took place in November 1990 and the final pigeonpea grain harvest was in January 1991. Light interception, soil and leaf temperatures and saturation deficit were continuously monitored in all treatments and at various distances from the pigeonpea in the line and dispersed treatments, whilst windspeed was monitored at a single location in each treatment. Regular destructive samples of groundnut were used to establish effects on growth and development and the results were considered in relation to the concurrent physical measurements to determine the environmental factors influencing productivity. In order to establish a water balance, rainfall records were maintained, runoff plots were installed and soil moisture content was measured regularly throughout the drying cycle. Transpiration by pigeonpea was monitored using a heat balance technique, while transpiration by groundnut and soil surface evaporation were estimated from micrometeorological data. As pigeonpea is initially slow growing, there was little reduction in groundnut yield in either the line or dispersed treatments in 1989 and there was a slight intercrop advantage in overall biomass production when expressed in the terms of the land equivalent ratios. In 1990, groundnut pod yield was reduced by 20 and 44 % in the line and dispersed treatments relative to the sole crop, despite substantial increases in the light conversion coefficient for the shaded groundnut. The lower pod yield resulted from the delayed onset of pod initiation and a slower rate of development, and was mainly due the effects of shading by the pigeonpea canopy, although mild water stress may have been a minor contributory factor. The small reductions in saturation deficit and soil and leaf temperatures experienced by the shaded groundnut had a negligible effect on growth and development. There was a considerable increase in overall biomass production in the line and dispersed treatments as compared with 1989 due to rapid pigeonpea growth, which reflected an increase in overall resource use rather than in the light conversion coefficient or water use ratios of the systems. The influence of spatial arrangement on the growth and productivity of pigeonpea became apparent after the 1990 dry season. Biomass production by pigeonpea in the dispersed treatment was approximately double that of the line planting between August 1990 and January 1991. This was entirely due to increased transpiration by the dispersed pigeonpea as a result of greater utilisation of stored soil moisture and reduced losses by surface evaporation and deep drainage. There was no difference in the water use ratio. To examine further the mechanisms responsible for the differences in productivity and water use by the line and dispersed pigeonpea, trench profile methodology was used to examine the root systems in December 1990. The root system of the dispersed pigeonpea was distributed over the entire 2.0 m depth x 2.7 m width exposed soil profile, whilst that of the line arrangement occupied no more than 50 % of the same area. The results of this work are discussed in relation to previous studies of resource use and productivity in intercropping and agroforestry systems, and possible applications and future developments are considered. Finally, the major physical and socioeconomic factors determining the potential of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems for adoption by farmers in semi-arid India are discussed.
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Fieldsend, Andrew F. "Productivity, canopy development and resource use in evening primrose (Oenothera spp.) crops." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324218.
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Hellekant, Nils. "Adaptive Evolution of Resource Use, Phenotypic Diversity, and Productivity of Phytoplankton Communities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161240.
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There is growing concern that the worldwide loss in biodiversity will harm the stability of the ecosystems, and thereby, the carrying capacity and critical ecosystem services the biosphere provides. Phytoplankton (microalgae) in lakes and oceans are arguably the most important primary producers. They are responsible for approximately half of the earth's primary production. However, there is little research into what influences the biodiversity of phytoplankton communities and of those studies the mechanisms for coexistence of phytoplankton have so far almost exclusively been studied on ecological time scales. We, therefore, explored how biodiversity and biomass (a proxy to primary production) of phytoplankton communities respond to co-varied environmental drivers over evolutionary time scales. We model adaptive evolution of phytoplankton' resource use, with a non-dimensionalized model of negatively buoyant phytoplankton inhabiting a partially mixed one-dimensional water column using reaction-advection-diffusion equations. We show that a number of environmental drivers have novel effects on biodiversity and biomass on evolutionary timescales. In contrast with previous non-evolutionary work, we found that decreasing light attenuation or increasing resource use efficiency can result in decreased biomass of plankton communities and nutrient-poor environments. One novel driver of species diversity was the combination of low rates of diffusion with relatively intermediate rates of sinking promote species diversity. Furthermore, we show that the phytoplankton turnover rate affects environmental heterogeneity and is, therefore, a contributing driver to species diversity.The evolution of half saturation constants can produce a variety of biodiversity-ecosystem function patterns as two positive, one unimodal, and one negative association were found when comparing biodiversity-ecosystem function. Collectively, our analyses suggest that environmental drivers can have substantially different effects over evolutionary timescales than those effects ecological modeling has previously shown.
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Chiawah, Tambei. "Relationship Between Enterprise Resource Planning System and Organizational Productivity in Local Government." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6409.
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Organizations experience challenges despite efforts to increase productivity through implementing large-scale enterprise systems. Leaders of local government institutions do not understand how to achieve expected and desired benefits from the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Lack of alignment between social and technical elements in ERP implementation depresses organizational productivity. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine whether social and technical elements increase use and productivity in ERP implementation. The research questions addressed the relationship between ERP and organizational efficiency, cross-functional communication, information sharing, ease of ERP use, and ERP usefulness. Sociotechnical systems theory provided the theoretical basis for the study. Data were collected from online surveys completed by 61 ERP users and analyzed using Wilcoxon matched pairs statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Findings indicated a positive significant relationship between ERP and information sharing, a positive significant relationship between ERP system quality and ease of ERP use, and a positive significant relationship between ERP system quality and organizational productivity. Findings may be used by local government leaders, technology managers, and chief information officers to ensure ERP sustainability and increase productivity.
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Dheera-Aumpon, Siwapong. "Essays on Connected Lending, Misallocation, and Aggregate Productivity." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337349572.
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Gilgen, Anna Katarina. "Drought in Swiss grasslands at different altitudes : effects on productivity and resource use /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18299.
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He, Liping. "China's industrial performance (1980-1992) : the interaction between resource mobilisation and productivity change." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29699/.
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Since 1978, China has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Notable features of its economic performance have been its industrial growth and the expansion of its manufactured exports. The focus of this research is China's industrial performance during the years 1980 and 1992. Its principal objective is to analyze Industrial growth from the twin perspectives of resource mobilisation and productivity change. It is argued that these two aspects, both of which reflect the impact of Dengist reforms, are interrelated.;Our analysis of resource mobilisation suggests that a number of factors have contributed to China's rapid industrial growth. Two of these have been of particular importance. First, increased emphasis on the role of the market, in terms of facilitating more rapid growth of household demand and strengthening intersectoral linkages, enabled the Industrial sector to improve its access to widening domestic and foreign markets. Second, the transformation of funding arrangements for industry had two beneficial results: it permitted non-state agents to play a greater role in financing industrial expansion; and it enabled the traditional state funding system to enhance its role as a means of improving intersectoral balance.;The analysis of productivity change in post-reform industry is deliberately set in the context of the changes in market structures which have faced China's industrial enterprises. Our findings indicate that enterprise reforms and structural adjustments have been a source of improvement in levels of industrial productivity in China. But they also suggest that such improvements have been neither consistent, nor balanced over time and between different branches of Industry.;In an attempt to identify the forces which have given rise to the distinctive patterns of resource mobilisation and productivity change in China's industrial sector under the Impact of reform, we have deliberately focused on the interactions between government, enterprises and the market. It is noteworthy that the increased role played by regional and local governments has facilitated the more intensive use of local productive resources. But it is also clear that the same factor has been the source of regional market fragmentation. Both of these elements have impacted on China's industrial performance since the early 1980s.
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David, Jose Hernan. "Identifying the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES)." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1162.
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The Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES) is a human resource intervention that provides feedback to members of an organizational unit via a measurement system constructed by the unit personnel. The unit constructs the system by defining their objectives, identifying productivity indicators for each objective, and developing utility curves or contingencies for each indicator, specifying the overall and relative value to the organization of different performance levels on each indicator. Over the years, it has produced very positive results upon implementation. However, there has been great variability in the effectiveness of ProMES. This study attempted to identify the factors that contributed to this variability. Three major factors were proposed to influence the success of the intervention: feedback quality, the degree to which units prioritized their actions on the feedback, and the organizational social context. Additionally, the individual effects of the components of the organizational social context factor were analyzed; these components included the degree of employee participation in the intervention, unit attitudes towards productivity improvement, organizational support for the intervention, and organizational stability. Three productivity indices were used as dependent variables: the unit d-score (the difference between feedback productivity and baseline productivity divided by the pooled standard deviation), the rate of productivity change over the first third of the feedback stage, and the degree to which units were able to sustain prior productivity improvements over the last two thirds of the feedback stage. The degree of match with the original ProMES methodology was proposed as a moderator in the relationship between the three major factors and the criteria, and the degree of feedback interpretation training given to the unit was proposed as a moderator between the units? action on feedback and the criteria. Drawing on a database of 74 units from different industries and countries, scales were constructed to operationalize the factors. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that favorable attitudes towards productivity improvement were associated with faster productivity improvements. Additionally, feedback quality and the action taken on feedback significantly predicted greater and faster productivity improvements. The implications for human resource professionals and researchers in industrial/organizational psychology are discussed.
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Dickson, M. Nyariki. "Resource availability and productivity, farmer efficiency and household food security in semi-arid Kenya." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363696.
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Al, Matrafi Mohammad T. "Efficiency and resource-based productivity of Islamic and conventional banks in the GCC states." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/efficiency-and-resourcebased-productivity-of-islamic-and-conventional-banks-in-the-gcc-states(c739a65d-21e5-43c4-8f02-21bcd412fbf3).html.
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This research has made an attempt to measure the efficiency and productivity scores of a large number of banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council region, over the period 1998-2014. In the main the study attempts to find out if there had been significant differences in efficiency and productivity of the banking sector in the GCC before and after the financial crisis of 2007/8. Furthermore, it has aimed to find answer to the teasing question of whether the conventional banks in the region have performed better than the Islamic banks over the entire period of the study. This study offers a novel and comprehensive approach in measuring efficiency and productivity by incorporating the so-called the resource-based view (RBV) into the main body of literature. In doing so, a number of qualitative variables has been identified to represent the intangibles for those non-substitutable, rare capabilities resources which help produce sustainable competitive edge for a firm in a given industry. Using the relevant data for a large sample of banks in the GCC, the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has produced a number of interesting findings. At country level, Bahraini and Kuwaiti banks have turned out to be more consistently efficient over time than the banks in the other four states. Furthermore, the examination of the performance of the newly established banks has shown that they have managed to perform better than the old established ones particularly since the financial recession of 2007/8. More specifically, when Islamic and conventional banks were compared, the estimated results showed that there had been no significant differences in efficiency and productivity between the two groups of banks. Nevertheless, the Islamic banks have demonstrated to have performed better since 2007/8. On the whole, it was demonstrated that as most banks exhibited severe decline in their performance immediately after the 2007/8 recession, the majority of such banks have now managed to return to pre-2007 era and a few have even shown much greater performance since 2010/11. Finally, the study concludes that in all cases the findings have suggested that the inclusion of RBV variables has enhanced and improved the relative efficiency scores for all, and that some banks have been able to maintain consistently higher efficiency primarily due to their competitive edge and capabilities.
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Kahn, Sinval Benjamin. "Managing the South African National Defence Force towards productivity : a human resource management perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50392.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The end of apartheid, April 1994 brought the dawn of a new era and the integration of the seven armed forces into the South Afiican National Defence Force. For the first time in the history of South Afiica, former enemies are not only colleagues, but work together to guard the sovereignty of the state and defend the country against foreign invasion. The eradication of discriminatory policies and practices established an environment conducive to the implementation of affirmative action and equal employment opportunities. It also instituted special training and development programmes to accommodate historically disadvantaged employees. The effectiveness of these programmes will determine the extent to which disadvantaged employees will contribute to increased productivity and the effectiveness of the South Afiican National Defence Force. Organisational transformation needs to be externally and internally visible. On 27 April 1994, the South Afiican National Defence Force started a process of change and some of the changes soon affected were m: • language policy, including the use of English as the official medium of communication; • appointing a Secretary of Defence as the accounting officer; • organisational culture, structure and design; and • uniform and rank insignia. This research (1994 to 2001), however, found that the South Afiican National Defence Force is still grappling with the challenge of being productive amist the impediments created by the integration of seven former enemy forces. In addition, the former South Afiican Defence Force entered into the amalgamation as two groups, one with a long history of military experience, the other allowed into the former force much later, still subject to various discriminatory constraints. The dissertation focuses on human resource variables to find solutions. Productivity is defined as the input of resources (material, capital, technological and human) and the output of greater qualitative and quantitative consumable goods and services. It improves the factors of production and benefits all stakeholders (government, entrepreneurs, management and employees). Increased productivity is achieved by a motivated workforce, whose competencies, abilities, skills and advanced technology are used to increase performance. However also, management needs to capitalise on employees' competencies, skills and abilities to optimally utilise them and appoint the most competent employees to the most appropriate positions. Management also needs to accept responsibility for achieving increased productivity and reaching organisational goals and objectives since they manage, command and control organisational resources. The South African National Defence Force can achieve increased productivity by the optimal utilisation of its resources. It now has sophisticated armament, equipment and technology. The South African National Defence Force however also needs competent and professional employees to maximise the use of existing armament, equipment and technology. The diverse workforce should be trained, developed, motivated and optimally utilised to increase their performance and enhance productivity. Professional leaders and managers are needed to manage the resources of the South African National Defence Force during the transformation period and the twenty-first century. Effective leadership results in effective human resource management, which is needed to manage, motivate, train and develop the diverse workforce to be effective, creative and productive, and to achieve increased performance and productivity. This will enable the South African National Defence Force to accomplish increased productivity and to exceed the military professionalism of the former South African Defence Force.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die einde van apartheid, April 1994 was die begin van 'n nuwe era en die integrasie van die sewe magte het gelei tot die totstandkoming van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag. Vir die eerste keer in die Suid-Afiikaanse geskiedenis is die voormalige vyande nie net kollegas nie, maar mede-beskermers van die soewereiniteit van die staat, en hulle beskerm die Republiek van Suid-Afrika teen enige vreemde inval of bedreiging teen die land. Die afskaffing van diskrimenerende beleid en gebruike het 'n omgewing geskep vir die implementering van regstellende aksie en gelyke werksgeleenthede. Dit het ook spesiale opleiding en ontwikkelingsprogramme ingestel om die histories benadeelde werkers te akkommodeer. Die effektiwiteit van hierdie programme sal bepaal tot watter mate die benadeelde werkers sal bydra tot verhoogde produktiwiteit en effektiwiteit van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag. Die bewyse van organisatoriese transformasie moet ekstern en intern sigbaar wees. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag het reeds begin met die proses van verandering op 27 April 1994, en die veranderinge wat gou aangebring is, was in: • kommunikasietaal en die aanvaarding van Engels as voertaal; • die aanstel van 'n Sekretaris van Verdediging as rekenpligtige beampte; • organisatoriese kultuur en strukture; en • uniform en ranginsignia. Hierdie navorsing (1994 tot 2001) het egter gevind dat die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag steeds worstel met die uitdaging van produktiwiteit te midde van die hindernisse wat uit die integrasie van sewe voormalige vyandelike magte onstaan het. Daarbenewens het die voormalige Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag die samesmelting ingegaan as twee groepe, een met 'n lang geskiedenis van militere ondervinding, die ander veel later toegelaat tot die voormalige mag en steeds onderwerp aan verskeie diskriminerende beperkinge. Die proefskrif fokus op menslike hulpbron veranderlikes om oplossings te kry. Produktiwiteit word gedefinieer as die inset van hulpbronne (materiaal, kapitaal, tegnologie en menslik) en die uitset van beter kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe produkte en dienste. Produktiwiteit verbeter die faktore van produksie en bevoordeel alle rolspelers (die staat, bestuurders and werkers). Verhoogde produktiwiteit kan slegs verkry word deur 'n gemotiveerde werksmag, wat hul vaardighede en gevorderde tegnologie gebruik om uitset te verhoog. Om verhoogde produktiwiteit te bereik moet bestuurders kapitaliseer op werkers se vaardighede en hulle optimaal benut. As gevolg van die feit dat leiers en bestuurders organisatoriese bronne bestuur, beheer en kontroleer, aanvaar hulle ook verantwoordelikheid vir die behaling van verhoogde produktiwiteit en organisatoriese doelwitte. Die Suid-Afikaanse Nasionale Weermag kan verhoogde produktiwiteit bereik deur die optimale benutting van hulpbronne. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag beskik oor nuwe wapentuig, toerusting en tegnologie. Die Suid-Afikaanse Nasionale Weermag benodig egter ook professionele werkers om die huidige wapentuig en tegnologie ten volle te benut. Daarom moet die veelsydige werksmag opgelei, ontwikkel, gemotiveer en optimaal benut word sodat hulle produktiwiteit kan verhoog. Professionele leiers en bestuurders word daadwerklik benodig om die hulpbronne van die Suid-Afikaanse Nasionale Weermag gedurende die transformasieproses en die een-en-twintigste eeu te bestuur. Effektiewe leierskap het effektiewe menlike hulpbronstuur tot gevolg wat benodig word om 'n veelsydige werksmag te bestuur, motiveer en ontwikkel, sodat hulle effektief, kreaktief en produktief kan wees. Die veelsydige werksmag kan bydra tot verhoogde produktiwiteit en kan die militere professionalisme van die vorige Suid- Afiikaanse Weermag oortref.
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Castonguay, Stéphane. "Managing scientific change in agricultural policies : soil productivity, resource conservation and the legitimation of agrobiology /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040708/.
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Castonguay, Stephane. "Managing scientific change in agricultural policies: soil productivity, resource conservation and the legitimation of agrobiology." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44591.
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Gunchinsuren, Enkhtuvshin. "Essays on Factor Returns, Resource Allocation and Economic Development." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429569565.
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Ylitervo, Päivi. "Concepts for improving ethanol productivity from lignocellulosic materials : encapsulated yeast and membrane bioreactors." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3692.
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Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential feedstock for production of sugars, which can be fermented into ethanol. The work presented in this thesis proposes some solutions to overcome problems with suboptimal process performance due to elevated cultivation temperatures and inhibitors present during ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. In particular, continuous processes operated at high dilution rates with high sugar utilisation are attractive for ethanol fermentation, as this can result in higher ethanol productivity. Both encapsulation and membrane bioreactors were studied and developed to achieve rapid fermentation at high yeast cell density. My studies showed that encapsulated yeast is more thermotolerant than suspended yeast. The encapsulated yeast could successfully ferment all glucose during five consecutive batches, 12 h each at 42 °C. In contrast, freely suspended yeast was inactivated already in the second or third batch. One problem with encapsulation is, however, the mechanical robustness of the capsule membrane. If the capsules are exposed to e.g. high shear forces, the capsule membrane may break. Therefore, a method was developed to produce more robust capsules by treating alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) capsules with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to get polysiloxane-ACA capsules. Of the ACA-capsules treated with 1.5% APTES, only 0–2% of the capsules broke, while 25% of the untreated capsules ruptured within 6 h in a shear test. In this thesis membrane bioreactors (MBR), using either a cross-flow or a submerged membrane, could successfully be applied to retain the yeast inside the reactor. The cross-flow membrane was operated at a dilution rate of 0.5 h-1 whereas the submerged membrane was tested at several dilution rates, from 0.2 up to 0.8 h-1. Cultivations at high cell densities demonstrated an efficient in situ detoxification of very high furfural levels of up to 17 g L-1 in the feed medium when using a MBR. The maximum yeast density achieved in the MBR was more than 200 g L-1. Additionally, ethanol fermentation of nondetoxified spruce hydrolysate was possible at a high feeding rate of 0.8 h-1 by applying a submerged membrane bioreactor, resulting in ethanol productivities of up to 8 g L-1 h-1. In conclusion, this study suggests methods for rapid continuous ethanol production even at stressful elevated cultivation temperatures or inhibitory conditions by using encapsulation or membrane bioreactors and high cell density cultivations.Akademisk avhandling som för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen vid Chalmers tekniska högskola försvaras vid offentlig disputation den 4 april 2014, klockan 9:30 i KE-salen, Kemigården 4, Göteborg.
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Alia, Didier Y. "AGRICULTURAL INPUT INTENSIFICATION, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF AFRICAN AGRICULTURE." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/59.
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This dissertation studies agricultural input intensification, defined as the increased use of modern inputs such as hybrid seeds, mineral fertilizer, herbicide, and pesticide in African agriculture. It also analyses the potential of this intensification to accelerate productivity growth and tests the effectiveness of two policies, input subsidies and land reforms, in promoting it and consequently in increasing crop yield. In the first essay, we argue that to create the conditions for the emergence of a green revolution in Africa, modern agricultural technologies have to be adopted as a package, not in a piecemeal fashion. This argument is consistent with a conceptual framework that we develop to illustrate the importance of harnessing strategic complementarities among agricultural technologies by adopting them simultaneously rather than sequentially. Based on this framework, we propose a methodology to estimate an index to measure agricultural input intensification in its many dimensions. The index provides a simple and intuitive measure to quantify joint adoption of several inputs and compare it across plots, crops, farmers, and regions. Applying this methodology to maize producers in Burkina Faso and Tanzania, we show that our estimated index is a valid measure of joint input adoption and effectively captures the relative importance of each input as well as the number of different inputs adopted. Using the estimated index, we find that simultaneous adoption of modern inputs in Burkina Faso and Tanzania is limited but not rare. Most importantly, we find that the impact of the adoption of individual modern input on yield is increasing with the level of intensification for others.
In the subsequent two essays, we assess the effectiveness of government’s direct intervention through input subsidies and indirect intervention through land reforms in promoting agricultural input intensification and increasing productivity. Our empirical analyses focus on Burkina Faso, a country that has recently implemented a fertilizer subsidy program and is undertaking profound land reforms to improve land tenure security and land transferability among households. The second essay tests the hypothesis that subsidizing only one input might promote or discourage the use of other inputs. We find that fertilizer subsidy for maize farmers in Burkina Faso crowds in the use of hybrid seeds and crop protection chemicals, but discourages the use of manure. The last essay assesses whether the development of rural land rental markets can facilitate land transferability among farmers and increase input intensification and productivity. The findings suggest that land rental transfers land from less talented or committed farmers to the more able but have minimal impact on input intensification. However, our results show that land renters are more productive and better farm managers. These results suggest that the short-term gains from policies that foster the development of land rental markets in Burkina Faso, and more generally Africa, will likely be in term of efficiency rather than widespread adoption of modern agricultural technologies.
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Lopez, Alfredo Benito. "Livestock Production Costs of Small Ranches on the Central Altiplano." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5387.
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One of the more important economic activities in the Altiplano region is raising livestock, the exploitation of cattle, sheep, and llamas which are raised and adapted to the conditions surrounding this activity. Livestock production plays a fundamental role in the economy of farming families by providing them products such as meat, milk, cheese, fiber, skins, and other products that each translate into monetary revenues. The present study was carried out in the community of "Chama 6 de julio," Ingavi Province, Department of La Paz, about 83 km. (51.6 miles) outside of La Paz at an elevation of 3,792 m. (12,440 ft.) above sea level. The annual precipitation is 370 mm. (14.6 inches) and average annual temperature is 12° C (53.6° F). The set objectives of this investigative work were: To evaluate the economic behavior of the livestock production (cattle, sheep, and llamas) at the small ranchers 14 level. To quantify in monetary units the structure of costs and revenues of livestock activity. To carry out a socio-economic analysis of the activity. The statistic parameters used were: measures of means, deviations, and percentages. Techniques used for gathering information include the following: semi-structured interviews, dynamic polls, dialogues, conversations, key informants, and direct observation. In studying the costs and revenues of livestock activity the conventional model of fixed and variable costs was used. The method utilized to evaluate the activity is an adaptation of the economic evaluation expressed by the indicating gauges Cost-Benefit Relationship (RBC) and Annual Investment Profitability (RI). 42 families dedicated to agricultural and livestock activity were involved in the study. They were functionally classified according to the number of cattle that they have on their land, a classification that resulted in four groups. The first group contained families possessing from 4 to 6 cattle; the second, from 7 to 9; the third, from 10 to 12; and the fourth, the families with 13 to 15 cattle. Also, the number of samples for each class was calculated to be 5 families. As livestock activity is the most important for families in this community, these families have most of their money invested in their herds, investments ranging from 73% to 86% of all their active livestock investments. The other 14% to 27% of their investment is in the livestock infrastructure, tools, materials, and equipment. The amount of land possessed by families in this community ranges from 8 to 40 hectacres (19.8 to 98.8 acres). The meat (cattle, sheep, and llama) is the most important product for commercial purposes. Accordingly, families from class IV achieved the highest production with 812 kg. (180.7 lbs) per year, followed by classes III and II. The lowest annual amount came from families grouped into class I with only 235 kg. (518 lbs). Another product of utmost importance after meat is cheese for which the families of class IV were those that had the highest annual production with 476 units, with an average weight of 0.6 kg (1.3 lbs). They were followed by families in classes III and I. Finally, the families in class II achieved the smallest output with 337 units. 69% to 79% of the total production of meat and cheese is destined for market. The families consume only 10% to 31% of what is produced. Variable costs represent 87.25% of the total expenses. On the other hand, fixed costs amount to only 12.73% of the total. Labor represents the greatest expense, reaching an average of 71.17% of the total expense. Relative to gross annual revenue, families in class IV reached the highest average numbers with 7,996.00 Bs. (Bolivianos). The lowest gross annual revenues correspond to those in class I with only 3,124.00 Bs. Classes III and II occupy intermediate positions between both former classes. Comparing the sources of gross annual revenue, cattle meat occupies the greatest portion with 40.81%. This is followed by cheese production, lamb, and llama meat with 30.84%, 23.30%, and 2.17% respectively. At the same time, cattle meat and cheese provide these farming families with 71.65% of their total gross annual revenue. The net annual revenues are positive only for families in classes IV and III with numbers at 312.00 and 156.00 Bs. On the other hand, classes II and I have negative net revenues at -3,039.00 and -2,455.00 Bs. The indicative Cost-Benefit Relationship (RBC) shows viability of the activity for families from classes IV and III with figures of 1.04 and 1.02. It is not as viable for families in classes II and I with numbers at 0.62 and 0.50. Estimates provided by the annual investment profitability (RI) are only satisfactory for those in classes IV and III with percentages of 4.6% and 2.13%. Unsatisfactory percentages result for classes II and I with -35.45% and -49.31%. According to the results obtained for the four classes, livestock activity carried out by farming families does not provide an acceptable profitability, even for families that have greater numbers of livestock (more than 12 cattle). It would be much less profitable for the families that have smaller herds of livestock.
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Maluleke, Hanyeleni Mary. "Biological productivity, soil resource use and stalk borer infestation in maize lablab planting date and density intercropping systems." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2030.
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Zikhali, Precious. "Land reform, trust and natural resource management in Africa /." Göteborg : [Department of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law] : University of Gothenburg, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/18382.
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Ghasemi, Sima. "An Analysis of the Effects of Exchange Fluctuations on Employment, Output and Productivity in Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23643.
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Since the adoption of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Canadian dollar has come to be regarded as a petro-currency. Consequently, rising prices of oil and gas (as well as other natural resources) would increase capital inflows that would lead to a higher exchange rate and contribute to the decimation of the export-oriented Canadian manufacturing sector by making Canadian products less competitive internationally. Some have argued that the Canadian economy has started to show symptoms related to the Dutch Disease. One important symptom is the slow rate of productivity growth, which consequently leads to the theory that Canada’s productivity performance depends significantly on the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency. This dissertation attempts to address these issues and seeks to solve the question of whether the Canadian economy is suffering from the Dutch Disease, as well as whether or not movements of the Canadian dollar are responsible for the low Canadian productivity growth since the 1990s.
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Li, Wei. "The effect of resource availability on community dynamics and properties in experimental microcosms." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218118890.
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Miller, Sharron. "Exploring Incivility Toward Employee Absenteeism, Productivity, and Effective Communication: Veterans Health Administration." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1704.
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Uncivil behavior in the workplace can cause absenteeism or low job performance among employees, yet little academic literature addresses this relationship, particularly in the public sector. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to use the transactional analysis of communication (TAC) model to explore the ramifications of incivility in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The central research questions focused on employee perceptions of incivility and effective communication within the VHA. Twelve VHA employees were recruited for participation through a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants along with some VHA archived video training. Data were inductively coded and analyzed for emergent themes. Key findings revealed that VHA lacked effective communication, and malingering occurred due to workplace incivility. It was concluded that TAC curtailed misunderstandings of social dysfunctions in communicating. Another theme that emerged is that although workplace relationships were highly esteemed by employees, they believed that communication issues hindered those professional relationships and suggested training could be a valuable tool to improve workplace communication and reduce incivility. It was recommended that similar studies of this phenomenon be conducted for greater understanding and knowledge to the discipline. TAC served to effect positive social change by educating VHA leadership and their employees on how to thwart incivility in the workplace.
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Zheng, Weiquan. "Understanding Australia’s industry-level productivity dynamics: from measurement to econometric estimation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1688.
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This thesis investigates a range of issues related to the industry-level productivity growth in Australia. It approaches the issues from three different, but related angles. First, it derives the estimates of the industry-level multifactor productivity (MFP) index for the 12 market-sector industries in Australia using the non-parametric, growth accounting approach. It then seeks to explain the industry-level productivity changes by estimating the relationship between R&D and MFP growth for several one-digit level industries in Australia. The third major part of the thesis attempts to provide some systematic explanations for the poor productivity performance that has been reflected in measured MFP for the mining industry during the recent mining boom in Australia.While there have been numerous studies on industry-level productivity dynamics in Australia, the work for this thesis is unique in two respects. First, it takes measurement issues seriously. The emphasis of the study is placed on the understanding of the conceptual basis and statistical limitations of the industry-level MFP measures by exploring the links between production economics and economic measurement. Second, the study decomposes the measured MFP growth into the effects of the ‘true’ MFP growth, returns to scale, capacity utilisation and natural resource inputs, and then empirically estimates these components for Australia’s mining industry. This contributes to the analysis and debate on mining productivity in Australia, which so far seems to have attracted limited attention.The estimation of the MFP index and the proposed solutions to several econometric specification issues presented in the study are consistent with Australia’s System of National Accounts, an economic measurement framework used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Based on the econometric results, the study finds some evidence of a positive relationship between the industry’s own R&D capital stock and its productivity growth in several industries in Australia. However, doubts remain about precision and reliability of the estimated returns to industry R&D. Based on the components in the MFP decomposition estimated from a variable cost function of the translog form, the study concludes that the so-called mining ivproductivity paradox observed recently in Australia is in fact created by the measurement issues, particularly by the omission of the natural resource inputs, that have caused various biases in measured MFP, while the ‘true’ productivity growth in Australian mining has remained positive and stable over the sample period.
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Björklund, Johanna. "Emergy analysis to assess ecological sustainability : strengths and weaknesses /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5794-7.pdf.
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Abdulameer, Hasanain, and Kristian Chamoun. "BIM i små och medelstora anläggningsföretag." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28339.
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Purpose: The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to improve the usage of BIM in facility projects. Method: The methods used for this bachelor thesis are qualitative interviews and literature studies. Findings: Free programs will be available for usage where models can be opened, viewed, examined and studied. The small and medium-sized facility companies will not be forced to use resources to cope with the requirements of Trafikverket. Implications: Consequences are that the small and medium-sized civil engineering companies understand and follow the requirements. • Using more 3D models to gain more experience and skills in the subject. • Attend the Trafikverkets industry days when opportunities arise, the authors believe that it was very instructive. • Engage in more BIM projects. • Older projects where the drawings are in 2D is converted into 3D. Limitations: How BIM is used during the management process will not be covered. Keywords: Productivity, resource, competence, experience, BIM.Syfte: Syftet med arbetet är studera de små och medelstora anläggningsföretagens möjlighet att klara av Trafikverkets BIM-krav. Metod: Metoden utgörs av kvalitativa intervjuer och litteraturstudier. Resultat: Det kommer att finnas tillgångar till gratisprogram där modeller kan öppnas, undersökas och studeras. De små och medelstora anläggningsföretagen behöver inte lägga ut en massa resurser för att klara av Trafikverkets krav. Konsekvenser: Konsekvenser är att de små och medelstora anläggningsföretagen förstår och följer kraven. Använda fler 3D-modeller för att få mer erfarenhet och kompetens inom ämnet. Närvara på Trafikverkets branschdagar när tillfällen ges, författarna anser att det var väldigt lärorikt. Delta i fler BIM-projekt. Äldre projekt där ritningarna är i 2D görs om till 3D. Begränsningar: Hur BIM används under förvaltningsskedet behandlas inte. Nyckelord: Produktivitet, resurs, kompetens, erfarenhet, TRVK, BIM.
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Tang, Derek, Danielle Colayco, James Piercy, Vaishali Patel, Denise Globe, and Michael Chancellor. "Impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life, daily activities, and healthcare resource utilization in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity." BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610068.
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BACKGROUND:Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) leads to impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), productivity, and greater healthcare resource burden. The humanistic and economic burden may be more apparent in NDO patients with urinary incontinence (UI). The objective of this study was to compare the HRQoL, productivity, and health resource use (HRU) between continent and incontinent NDO patients.METHODS:A retrospective database analysis was conducted using the Adelphi Overactive Bladder (OAB)/UI Disease Specific Programme, a multi-national, cross-sectional survey reported from both patients' and physicians' perspectives. The population for this analysis included NDO patients with or without UI. General and disease-specific HRQoL were assessed using the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire (I-QOL), and the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q). Productivity and daily activity impairment were measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. HRU indicators included OAB-related surgery, OAB-related hospitalizations, incontinence pad usage, switching anticholinergics used for OAB due to inadequate response or adverse effects, and OAB-related physician visits. Bivariate analyses, multivariate ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses and published minimal clinically important differences (MCID) were used to assess relationships between incontinent status and the aforementioned outcome measures.RESULTS:A total of 324 NDO patients with or without urinary incontinence were included, averaging 54years of age (SD 16), of whom 43.8 percent were male. Bivariate analyses detected no significant relationship between incontinent status and HRU variables. Regression analyses revealed that incontinent patients had clinically and statistically lower disease-specific HRQoL and greater impairment in daily activities as compared to continent patients. On average, incontinent patients scored 10 points lower on the I-QOL total score, 9 points lower on the OAB-q HRQoL score, 15 points higher on OAB-q symptom severity, and experienced 8.2 percent higher activity impairment due to their bladder condition (all p <0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Incontinent NDO patients experience significantly lower HRQoL and activity impairment as compared to continent NDO patients.
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Fazekas, Hannah M. "River biofilm structure and function in a resource landscape modified by agriculture: implications for primary consumers." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1535118088003803.
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Klinka, Karel, and Christine Chourmouzis. "The mountain hemlock zone of British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/761.
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This pamphlet provides a summary of a fuller report also issued under the title: The mountain hemlock zone of British Columbia. It describes both forested and non-forested ecosystems of the Mountain Hemlock (MH) zone of British Columbia (also referred to as the subalpine MH zone, coastal subalpine forest, or coastal mountain hemlock forest). It covers classification, reviews of vegetation regions and environmental relationships, as well as silvicultural and resource management implications.
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Tsai, Kathleen. "The Impact of Urinary Incontinence Severity on Direct Healthcare Utilization, Work Productivity, and Clinical Events among Individuals with Overactive Bladder." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/306998.
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Introduction: The purpose of this research was to assess the relationship between the degree of incontinence severity and treatment seeking behavior, healthcare utilization, and work productivity; and to compare overactive bladder (OAB) related disease burden from a global perspective. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered to eligible participants with idiopathic OAB residing in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and the United States. Participants were categorized into subgroups with dry, mild (1 leak/per day), moderate (2 leaks/day), and severe (3 leaks/day) urinary incontinence (UI) severity groups. Results: A total of 1,334 participants completed the survey. Persons with more severe urinary incontinence symptoms related to OAB consumed more healthcare resources, had a higher occurrence of OAB related clinical consequences, and higher work productivity loss compared to individuals with less severe symptoms. Even though OAB is associated with significant disease burden, many patients do not seek treatment.
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Schwantes, Ana Paula. "Agricultural resource efficiency and reduction of impacts under land-use and climate change scenarios in Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-02102017-094321/.
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Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome and originally corresponded to 24% of the national territory, and since the 1970´s has been under agriculture and cattle activities. Soybean and maize are two of the most important grain-crops found in this region, with an estimated production of approximately 223 millions of tons in the Brazilian 2016/17 harvest. Changes in soil physical properties due to soil management affect productivity. Possible changes in climatic variables may also affect agricultural productivity, either per unit area (land productivity) or per unit of water volume (water productivity). One option for studying the relation between land and water productivity and how they are affected by soil hydraulic properties and climatic factors is by using an agro-hydrological model. In this study, the aim was to quantify aspects of the soil water balance and to make estimates of land and water productivity for soybean in a clay soil and maize in a medium texture in the Cerrado region using SWAP simulations for different irrigation strategies. Effects on agricultural productivity of a climatic prevision with increasing the air temperature and rainfall reduction for the years 2016-2040 were also simulated. Results show that an increase of soil porosity, resulting from a conservation tillage management, leads to a higher infiltration capacity and is shown to increase land and water productivity, when associated to irrigation scenarios. Higher water productivities were observed with only supplementary irrigation. Predicted climate changes will lead to a decrease of approximately 20% by the end of the years 2016-2040 in land productivity, under rainfed conditions.O Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro que originalmente, correspondia a 24% do território nacional, e desde os anos 1970 tem sido utilizado para atividades ligadas à agricultura e pecuária. Soja e milho são duas das mais importantes culturas graníferas encontradas nesta região, com uma estimativa de produtividade de aproximadamente 223 milhoes de toneladas na safra brasileira de 2016/17. Mudanças nas propriedades físicas do solo devido ao manejo do solo afetam a produtividade agrícola. Possíveis mudanças de variáveis climáticas também poderão afetar a produtividade agrícola, tanto por unidade de área (produtividade de terra) ou por unidade de volume de água (produtividade de água). Uma opção para estudar as relações entre a produtividade de água e de terra e como elas são afetadas pelas propriedades hidraulicas do solo e pelos fatores climáticos é pela utilização de um modelo agro-hidrológico. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi quantificar os aspectos do balanço hídrico do solo e realizar estimativas da produtividade de água e de terra para soja em um solo argiloso e para milho em um solo de textura média, na região do Cerrado, utilizando simulações com o modelo SWAP para diferentes manejos de irrigação. Os efeitos na produtividade agrícola de uma previsão climática com aumento da temperatura do ar e redução da precipitação para os anos 2016-2040 foram também simulados. Os resultados mostram que um aumento na porosidade do solo, resultante de um manejo conservacionista do solo, leva a uma maior infiltração e resulta num aumento na produtividade da terra e da água, quando associado a cenários de irrigação. As maiores produtividades da água foram observadas com irrigação suplementar. As mudanças climáticas previstas levarão a uma diminuição de aproximadamente 20% na produtividade da terra ao final dos anos 2016-2040, em áreas não irrigadas.
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NUNES, ILIENE R. "A avaliacao do ciclo de vida como ferramenta para a educacao ambiental: O uso da reducao do desperdicio e do aumento da produtividade como indicadores." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9472.
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Hazem, Sofiane. "Productivité du travail et capital humain dans un pays riche en ressources naturelles. Le cas de l'Algérie 1984-2015." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2066.
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Les questions relatives à la croissance économique et à ses déterminants demeurent une préoccupation centrale de toutes les économies, notamment celles riches en ressources naturelles. C’est dans ce cadre que nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse au modèle de croissance de l’Algérie, pays dont l’économie est largement dépendante des hydrocarbures qui constituent plus de 95 % de ces exportations et plus de la moitié de ces ressources budgétaires. L’embellie financière que l’Algérie a connue durant les quinze premières années de ce millénaire lui a permis de lancer trois grands programmes d'investissements publics à savoir : le Programme de Soutien à la Relance Economique, le Programme Complémentaire de Soutien à la Croissance et le Programme de Consolidation de Croissance Economique. Ces trois programmes réunis ont totalisé une enveloppe financière de près de 348 milliards de dollars, engendrant ainsi une forte demande publique susceptible d'encourager le secteur productif national à développer ses investissements, sa compétitivité vis-à-vis des produits importés et ses capacités de production. Or, nous montrons que ces efforts en matière d’investissement ont eu un effet limité sur la croissance économique et sur la création d'emplois. De ce fait, nous nous intéressons à l’étude de l’efficacité des facteurs de production, et plus précisément à la productivité du travail et sa contribution dans la productivité Globale des Facteurs. Nous montrons ainsi que les performances de l’économie algérienne sont plus le résultat de l’augmentation de la quantité de travail plutôt que de la croissance de la productivité. Ce résultat est plus marqué dans le secteur des hydrocarbures surtout depuis le début des années 2000. La faiblesse de la productivité du travail est imputable, d’abord, à la faible qualité du capital humain, ensuite, aux facteurs inhérents au syndrome hollandais, et enfin, aux difficultés liées à la pratique des affaires qui représentent également un sérieux frein à l’entreprenariat, mais aussi à l’attractivité des capitaux étrangers. Fort de ce constat, des pistes de réformes ont été explorées aussi bien au niveau de la qualité du capital humain qu’à celui des régimes institutionnels et économiques favorables à l’environnement des affairesIssues relating to economic growth and its determinants remain a central concern of all economies, including those with a wealth of natural resources. It is in this context that we are interested in this thesis to the growth model of Algeria, countries whose economies are heavily dependent on hydrocarbons, which account for more than 95% of these exports and more than half of these budgetary resources. The financial upswing that Algeria experienced during the first fifteen years of this millennium has enabled it to launch three major public investment programs, namely: the Economic Recovery Support Programme, the Complementary Growth Support Program and the Economic Growth Consolidation Program. Together, these three programmes have totalled almost 348 billion dollars, generating a strong public demand that could encourage the national productive sector to develop its investments, its competitiveness vis-à-vis imported products and its production capacity. We show that these investment efforts have had a limited impact on economic growth and job creation. We are therefore interested in the study of the efficiency of factors of production, and more specifically in labour productivity and its contribution to overall factor productivity. We thus show that the performance of the Algerian economy is no longer the result of the increase in the quantity of labor rather than the growth of productivity. This result has been more marked in the hydrocarbon sector, especially since the early 2000s. The weakness of labour productivity is due, first, to the low quality of human capital, and second, to the factors inherent in Dutch disease, and finally, the difficulties associated with the practice of business, which also represent a serious obstacle to entrepreneurship, but also to the attractiveness of foreign capital. With this in mind, avenues for reform have been explored both in terms of the quality of human capital and in terms of institutional and economic regimes that are favourable to the business environment
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Smith, Mark Bowler. "UK competitiveness, sustainable development and corporate taxation : using the corporation tax to promote increased resource productivity in line with the law and policy of the European Union." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610274.
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Oldacre, Rohan. "Empirical Examination of User Acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2039.
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are complex software packages that support an integrated real-time setting among the various business functions in an entire organization. ERP systems improve productivity, but only to the extent that employees accept and use the systems extensively to perform their duties. The leaders of many organizations have not been able to realize the expected benefits because of a lack of user acceptance. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional survey study was to examine the factors that influence user acceptance of ERP systems in the United States. Davis's technology acceptance model was the theoretical foundation used to relate the independent variables (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) to the dependent variable (user acceptance of ERP systems). The focus of the research questions was on the strength of the relationships between each of the independent variables and user acceptance of ERP systems in the United States. Data were from 97 purposively selected ERP system end users in the United States using the survey instrument based on the technology acceptance model. Regression and correlation analyses revealed a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and user acceptance, but no relationship was found between perceived ease of use and user acceptance. The findings indicated difficulties in using ERP systems for end users in the United States, which stakeholders could rectify to improve productivity in organizations. Positive social change implications include improving the standard of living, increasing the literacy rate, and reducing negative externalities to improve human and social conditions in society.
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Lawson, Albertha H. "A Study of the Relationship Between Revenue Sources and Undergraduate Students' Graduation Rates at Public Research Universities." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1325.
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The public's demand for accountability will have a significant impact on research universities' revenue resources in the future. Driving the demand is a perceived lack of institutional productivity. Undergraduate students' graduation rates represent one product of public research universities. States have already latched onto these rates as a measure of institutional performance; and as a result, states have provided a basis for public research universities to use the relationship between dollars invested in the institution and undergraduate students' graduation rates to respond to accountability issues. Current research provides little insight into this relationship. Research in this study uses concepts from the higher education production function, the resource dependency theory, and the Principal-Agent Model to investigate undergraduate students' four-year and six-year graduation rates as an institutional product. The research provides a greater degree of transparency into the relationship between dollars invested in public research universities and undergraduate students' graduation rates than has previously been shown. As a result of this relationship analysis, the research enables the development of a model for predicting undergraduate student graduation rates relative to dollars invested in the institution from different sources.
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Gebremariam, Belaynesh Teklay. "An integrated analysis of the relationship between productivity, quality, customer satisfaction, and financial performance in the US airline industry : the application of the resource based view and stakeholder theory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37278/.
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The relationship between nonfinancial and financial performance measures has been extensively investigated (Banker and Mashruwala, 2007; Banker et al., 2000; Ittner and Larcker, 1998a; Sun and Kim, 2013). However, prior studies have tended to focus their investigation on the relationship between one nonfinancial measure in isolation with another financial measure (Bryant et al., 2004). While these studies provide valuable insights into the contemporaneous and temporal relationship between nonfinancial and financial performance, they are criticized for failing to capture the “trade-off” between various performance measures, which may in turn lead to unreasonable conclusions (Bryant et al., 2004; Ittner and Larcker, 2001). This research, therefore, attempts to address this limitation by conducting a simultaneous investigation of the links between productivity, service quality, customer satisfaction, and financial performance in the US Airline industry. Drawing on the Resource Based View and Stakeholder Theory, an integrative framework is developed to investigate the linkages between airline productivity, service quality, customer satisfaction, and financial performance. This theoretical framework is tested using a longitudinal panel data set drawn from seven major US Airlines over 15 years (1995-2009). Using the partial least square approach to structural equation modelling, findings of this research suggest that improvements in airline productivity can lead to enhancement of service quality as reflected in reductions in flight delays, mishandled baggage, and customer complaints. Airline productivity is also positively linked to current and future periods of financial performance. Further, the results uncovered in this research also suggest that service quality problems, such as flight delays and mishandled baggage, have strong negative effects on current and future customer satisfaction. The results also show that changes in service quality are not reflected concurrently in financial performance. Such changes in service quality are found to have significant impact on future financial performance. However, the link between customer satisfaction and current and future financial performance is not significant. This research contributes to literature by (1) developing an integrative framework drawing on the Resource Based View and The Stakeholder Theory, and (2) identifying the lag length required for the changes on exogenous variables to be reflected on the endogenous variables. Empirically, this research contributes by applying the PLS-SEM that enables simultaneous investigation of multiple variables. It also contributes to practice by providing useful insights for managers for strategy formulation and evaluation.
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Vasconcelos, Filipe da Silva. "Escolha de campeões e produtividade: triunfo de curto prazo, misallocation no longo prazo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-04012018-171101/.
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Este trabalho apresenta um modelo com firmas heterogêneas e aprendizagem. As predições desse modelo mostram que, sob certas condições, as políticas de desenvolvimento podem gerar aumento de produtividade no curto prazo, masmisallocation e perda de produtividade agregada no longo prazo. Isso ocorre caso um componente de produtividade de longo prazo seja imperfeitamente observável no curto prazo devido a choques temporários, e o capital seja especifico e irreversível em alguns setores. Os resultados mostram que o ideal seria aprender sobre componentes de longo prazo da produtividade antes de investir. No entanto, acelerar investimentos nos setores de maior produtividade gera ganhos de produtividade no curto prazo, uma vez que maior produtividade no curto prazo está correlacionada com maior produtividade no longo prazo. Como será discutido, este fato poderia motivar governos à incentivar setores de alta produtividade observada, ainda que estes incentivos fossem socialmente subótimos.This project aims to present a model that shows that, in a single economic environment, government stimulus to sectors, which features high productivity, can generate short-term productivity gains aggregates, but misallocation and long-term aggregate productivity loss. This may occur if a long-term productivity component is imperfectly observable in the short term due to temporary shocks, and capital is specific and irreversible in some sectors. The ideal be learn about long-term components of the productivity before investing. However accelerate investments in the sectors of higher productivity generates productivity gains in the short term, since higher productivity in the short term this correlated with higher productivity in the long run. As discussed, this fact would motivate governments to encourage high productivity observed sectors, although these incentives were socially suboptimal.