Journal articles on the topic 'Resource extractive economy'
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Kochergin, Dmitry G., and Evgeny E. Zhernov. "The Role of Knowledge Economy in Regional Economic Diversification in Russia." World of Economics and Management 19, no. 4 (2019): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2019-19-4-52-65.
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The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need and the possibility of diversification of the Russian regional economic system, including resources-extractive regions, in the form of a gradual transformational transition to the knowledge economy. The research is conducted on the basis of systematic approach. The work resulted in the selection of a new transformation model of the regional economic system, i.e. diversification based on the development of the knowledge economy, with the diversification index for this model being proposed. Besides, the positive impact of the level of development of the knowledge economy in the region on the diversification of its economic structure was proved and the increase in the level of diversification of the economy of the resource-extractive region with the development of the knowledge economy infrastructure was confirmed. The scope of practical application of the results is the development of regional socio-economic policy on the basis of the proposed approach to the diversification of the regional economic system in the process of its long-term transformation towards the establishment of the knowledge economy.
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Veltmeyer, Henry. "The political economy of natural resource extraction: a new model or extractive imperialism?" Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 34, no. 1 (March 2013): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2013.764850.
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Marston, Andrea, and Tom Perreault. "Consent, coercion and cooperativismo: Mining cooperatives and resource regimes in Bolivia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16674008.
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This paper examines ways in which regional political, economic, and cultural hegemonies maintain “resource regimes” by exploring the emergence of mining cooperatives as central actors in Bolivia’s extractive economy. Like much of Latin America, Bolivia is experiencing a boom in resource extraction. Unlike other Latin American countries, in which the surge in mining activity is driven almost entirely by private, mostly transnational capital, relatively small-scale mining cooperatives play a major role in Bolivia’s mining economy. We draw on the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and the integral state to explore the historical and contemporary relationship between mining cooperatives and unfolding patterns of mineral, water, and territorial governance, particularly in Oruro and Potosí departments. We argue that the regional hegemony of the mining economy has been constructed and maintained by the close historical relationship between mining cooperatives and the Bolivian state. Since the 1930s, the state has supported the formation of mining cooperatives as a means of bolstering the mining economy and stemming political unrest; in recent decades, however, cooperatives have become more actively involved in the maintenance of mining’s regional hegemony.
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OSIPOVA, M. Yu, and E. V. KOZHEMYAKINA. "RESOURCE DEPENDENCE AS A KEY DETERRENT TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 12 (2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.02.016.
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The paper examines the dependence of the regions of the Russian Federation on the extractive industry. A methodological toolkit is proposed, namely, an econometric model, which made it possible to identify the dominant industry in the regional economy, to form clusters by highlighting the dominant industries. Regression models of each cluster were built to determine the influence of the prevailing industry on the main socio-economic indicators.
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Mueller, J. Tom. "The Dual Dependency of Natural-Resource-Rich Labor Markets in Contemporary Society." Sociological Theory 39, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07352751211001920.
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This article presents an integrative theoretical framework of subnational natural resource dependence. I argue that rural natural resource dependence represents a special case of the core-periphery relationship, where rural, resource-rich labor markets form a dual dependency on both the global capitalist economy and the local natural environment. This occurs because the contradiction between spatially fixed natural resources and the mobility of capital prompts both external interests and local power elites to use their power to pressure rural labor markets in directions outside their best interest and to exploit rural labor. I argue that both extractive (e.g., mining, timber, agriculture) and nonextractive (e.g., tourism, real estate) forms of natural resource development share this contradiction. Although pushing different uses of the resource base, extractive and nonextractive development do not fundamentally vary in their exploitative relationship with rural labor markets.
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Cotula, Lorenzo. "(Dis)integration in Global Resource Governance: Extractivism, Human Rights, and Investment Treaties." Journal of International Economic Law 23, no. 2 (June 2020): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgaa003.
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Abstract As global material consumption rests on the large-scale production of commodities for food, energy, and raw materials, the governance of natural resources—from national legislation to international trade, investment, and human rights law—has long provided policy arenas for deepening economic integration. Concerns about ‘resource nationalism’ and critiques of investor–state dispute settlement have raised questions as to whether the world might be entering a phase of economic dis-integration. To problematize linear accounts of (dis)integration, this article explores the legal arrangements that integrate resource-dependent countries into the global economy. It argues that natural resource extraction is facilitated by a legal regime that sustains dis-integration patterns in global resource governance—including relations between state-based and traditional governance systems; between extractive enclaves and national territories; and between different spheres of international regulation. Some of the recent contestation, then, reflects efforts to (re)integrate dis-integrated legal and social realities, by more fully recognizing local systems of practice and belief and more effectively considering human rights in investment processes.
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НИКИФОРОВА, В. В. "Economic aspects of subsurface use in northern regions of resource type." Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Series "Economics. Sociology. Culturology", no. 3(23) (December 9, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2021.23.3.011.
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В настоящее время в экономическом развитии не только отдельных регионов, но и всей страны особую роль играет состояние добывающей промышленности, в основном топливно-энергетических ресурсов и цветных металлов. В Российской Федерации доходы, получаемые за счет добычи и экспорта минерального сырья, в стоимостном выражении составляют около 80% российского экспорта. В статье рассматриваются экономические аспекты недропользования в северных регионах ресурсного типа, специализирующихся на добыче высоколиквидных минеральных ресурсов: нефти, газа, угля, алмазов и золота с целью выявления сильных и слабых сторон. Анализируются минерально-сырьевой и производственный потенциалы добывающей промышленности регионов. Методом математической статистики оценивается уровень зависимости социального развития регионов от добывающей промышленности по шкале Чеддока. На основе факторного анализа и оценки экономических составляющих недропользования и региональной статистики за 2010-2020 гг. выявлены высокий уровень ресурсной ориентированности экономики, капиталоемкости и фондоемкости добывающей промышленности и моноспециализация экономики во всех северных регионах ресурсного типа, высокий уровень зависимости социального развития от добывающей промышленности в Республике Саха (Якутия), Ханты-Мансийском – Югра и Ямало-Ненецком автономном округах. Выделены негативные и позитивные факторы устойчивого развития добывающей промышленности, также определены ключевые моменты перспективного развития экономики северных регионов ресурсного типа. At present, the state of the mining industry, mainly fuel and energy resources and non-ferrous metals, plays a special role in the economic development of not only individual regions, but also the whole country. In the Russian Federation, revenues derived from the extraction and export of mineral raw materials in value terms account for about 80% of Russian exports. The article discusses the economic aspects of subsurface use in the northern resource-type regions specializing in the extraction of highly liquid mineral resources: oil, gas, coal, diamonds and gold in order to identify strengths and weaknesses. The mineral raw materials and production potentials of the mining industry of the regions are analyzed. The method of mathematical statistics evaluates the level of dependence of the social development of regions on the extractive industry on the Cheddock scale. Based on a factor analysis and assessment of the economic components of subsurface use and regional statistics for 2010-2020, there was revealed a high level of resource orientation of the economy; capital intensity of the mining industry and monospecialization of the economy in all northern resource-type regions; a high level of dependence of social development on the extractive industry in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Khanty-Mansiysk-Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The negative and positive factors of the sustainable development of the mining industry are highlighted, and the key points of the prospective development of the economy of the northern regions of the resource type are also identified.
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Knysh, Valentin, and Tatiana Ponomarenko. "The institutional environment of extractive industries as a driver of sustainable development in resource-driven economies." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606010.
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Many resource-driven economies (RDE) of low- and middle-income countries are in captivity of the “resource curse”, which is usually associated with the presence in the country of natural reserves of metals, minerals, oil, gas. For several decades, macroeconomic and institutional theories have differently explained why resource dependence in most countries leads to weak economic growth and poverty. Numerous hypotheses and econometric studies expand knowledge about the phenomenon of the resource curse, but the problem for many countries with RDE remains unresolved. In the last 7-8 years prevails the opinion that mining can help countries with RDE to enter the trajectory of sustainable growth. But for this it is necessary to improve the quality of national institutions. It remains unclear how to stimulate a positive transformation of the institutional environment of a resource-dependent economy. The idea of the work is to focus on changing the institutional environment of the extractive industries, and not on the country’s economy as a whole. This approach has been little studied, but its application in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, 2015-2030) can help increase the contribution of the extractives sector to the sustainable development of a country with RDE and low or middle income. Institutionalization of international sectoral initiatives, introduction of international standards and best practices into the institutional environment of the national extractives sector will have a stimulating effect. For responsible investors, the environmental dimension of sustainability is becoming increasingly important.
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Efimova, Elena, and Daria Gritsenko. "The role of extractive industries in developing peripheral Arctic regions of Russia and Canada." St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies 37, no. 2 (2021): 241–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2021.203.
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Russian Federation and Canada are the largest arctic powers that have similar features in evolving their Arctic zones. In the mid-1920s both countries formalized their rights to the northern territories. Russian and Canadian arctic regions are located in harsh climatic zones,geographically distant from national political and business centers, poorly populated, and rich in natural resources. At the same time, there are obvious differences in political institutions,“core-periphery” relationships, business organization, and social activities of aboriginal people and newcomers. The purpose of this study is a comparative evaluation how the rich resource base and industrial production impact on the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of Russia and Canada. To reach the goal authors use the official statistical sources of the Russian Federation and Canada. Case study method, comparative analysis, and econometric calculations are applied. As a result similar and distinctive features of the industrial development of the Arctic regions of these countries were identified. It can be explained, first of all, by the institutional characteristics of Russia and Canada. Comparing an evidence of the leading extractive companies completed the empirical analysis. Authors concluded that the regions under consideration are characterized by a high or medium share of the extractive industry in the regional economy. Specialization in natural resources extraction and primary processing does not have a negative impact on the economic development of the territories. However, outer companies are engaged in this business that increases the dependence of the regional economy on the conjuncture of world markets. The article investigates in empirical studying common features of the extractive industry in the peripheral Russian and Canadian Arctic territories and its impact on the socio-economic development of these regions.
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Zhironkin, Sergey, and Dawid Szurgacz. "Mining Technologies Innovative Development: Economic and Sustainable Outlook." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 8590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248590.
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Kohl, Benjamin, and Linda Farthing. "Material constraints to popular imaginaries: The extractive economy and resource nationalism in Bolivia." Political Geography 31, no. 4 (May 2012): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2012.03.002.
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Skryl, Tatiana, Evgeniya Shavina, and Elena Dotsenko. "New Industrial Conditions of Sustainable Development of Mineral Resource Dependent Russian Economy in High Volatility Conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 04049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910504049.
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The conditions for the transition to sustainable development and new industrial transformation for resource-dependent countries are closely linked. With the increasing volatility of the world market of raw materials and finance, the innovative modernization of the extractive industries, as the basis of the new industrialization of the economy, is experiencing significant difficulties. The article analyzes the problems of transition of the resource-dependent Russian economy to sustainable development, associated with the slowdown of the process of new industrialization in the context of the world market volatility. The authors assessed the new industrialization of the Russian economy following the 5-year period of sanctions imposed by Western countries. The article provides a theoretical review of the concept of the influence of sanctions on transition to sustainable development. The authors concluded that the mineral resources export-oriented strategy of the Russian economy still gives positive results, although the internal structure of the Russian economy has not changed significantly.
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Politkovskaya, Irina, Daniil Khvichiya, and Larisa Artamonova. "Economic Institutions of the Converged Technological Platform for Sustainable Development." E3S Web of Conferences 278 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127803004.
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The study of the economic institutions of the diffusion of convergent technologies in the modern economy has a direct connection with sustainable development. The expansion of ultra-modern industries in the course of the "tertialization" of the economy (the growth of the sector of high-tech material and non-material production) makes it possible to significantly reduce resource consumption and the burden on the environment, while maintaining and increasing traditional economic values (income, well-being, employment, quality of life). The expansion of convergent technologies in technologically advanced countries is taking place in parallel with the formation of a "green" economy, which forms an independent technological platform for sustainable development, and may become the main one in the coming decades. The innovative upgrade of the extractive industries up to the Industry 4.0 level, based on this platform, requires special support from the state, primarily in the extractive countries. A special role in this process is assigned to the institutional support for the diffusion of convergent technologies, which is especially in demand in the Russian economy.
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Preston, Judith. "If mining conflicts suppress the right of public participation, then can mining be sustainable?" International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (September 8, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2014.3849.
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Mining of natural resources has surpassed agriculture as the basis for Australia’s economy; but at what cost? It is essential to Australia’s economic health to have access to a continuing income stream from a number of sources including minerals. However, there is a presumption – in both the political and resources sectors – that mining interests should trump all other interests, including social and environmental ones. A number of recent conflicts involving major mining projects in Australia and overseas have highlighted the fallacy of the claimed economic and social benefits, as well as the dangers to the community, the legal profession and the judiciary of suppressing public participation in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process.Any actions by the executive to exclude public participation in reviewing documentation related to resource management and extractive developments by legislative or policy changes such as the proposed new planning legislation in NSW and the new mining State Environmental Planning Policy (Mining Petroleum, Production and Extractive Industries) Amendment (Resource Significance) 2013 (Amended Mining SEPP), are retrogressive steps. The argument in this paper is that, due to the often negative and large-scale impacts that mineral extraction developments may have on the community and the environment, mineral extraction developments should be subject to a rigorous EIA processes which incorporate effective and inclusive rights of public participation, especially in relation to major projects. Such rights should be enshrined in environmental legislation in the objects clause, standing for merit and judicial review provisions, and there should be a duty for the decision-makers to properly consider public submissions. Such provisions may lead to revision of the development or its outright rejection. Furthermore, innovative policies, programmes and legislative reform should be drafted to protect public participation and the right to oppose inappropriate developments.
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Frolova, Elena A., and Irina V. Sharf. "Trends in Social Sustainable Development Indicators for Russian Oil-and-Gas Regions." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 53 (2021): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/53/14.
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The article presents an assessment of social sustainable development indicators for Russian oil-and-gas regions. Natural energy resources are one of the most important factors in ensuring the competitiveness of regional economy. However, the resource sector development leads to a subnational resource dependence and to a decline in the quality of life indicators. Natural resources could be a motor of economic development. For this purpose, local authorities should enhance the social and market infrastructure, innovation and investment activity, create institutions that support diversification and prevent the overindulgence of resource companies. The natural resources’ impact on the quality of life for Tomsk Oblast, the Komi Republic, the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Tatarstan, and Samara Oblast was assessed. These regions have small energy resource (oil and gas) reserves, but mining creates 15 to 30% of the regional product. Extractive industries employ 2% of the workforce. World economy trends in 2008-2018 had a significant negative impact on the mining sector of these regions. Dependence on oil prices has led to a reduction in subnational budget revenues, the Gross Regional Product growth rate has declined, the poverty rate has increased, and the quality of life indicators have decreased. Demographic indicators (fertility and mortality rates) have also worsened. The social and economic development indicators in most of the considered oil-and-gas regions became worse than the same indicators in Russia. This fact indicates a high level of resource dependence of subnational economies (resource curse). Only in the Republic of Tatarstan the resource sector became the motor of the regional economic performance, despite the decline in oil prices. As a result, Tatarstan occupies a leading position in the rating of the quality of life indicators. The level of poverty in Tatarstan is lower than in other resource regions and in Russia. Tatarstan also has a high level of population growth, low unemployment, and higher rates of economic growth than Russia. The worst situation is in Tomsk Oblast and in the Komi Republic, in which the share of the extractive sector in the Gross Regional Product is 30%; therefore, the indicators of the socioeconomic development are highly dependent on the oil-and-gas companies’ performance. Low diversification, transport accessibility limitations, poor natural and climatic conditions, as well as a decrease in the income of oil-and-gas companies due to the fall in oil prices leads to an increase in poverty rates in these regions, increases the out-region migration of the working-age population, which reduces regional competitiveness. Thus, the economies of most of the considered oil-and-gas regions cannot be considered sustainable.
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Carver, Rosanna. "Resource sovereignty and accumulation in the blue economy: the case of seabed mining in Namibia." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23025.
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<p>Following its global emergence, the blue economy agenda is now touted as a mechanism through which the Republic of Namibia can achieve long-term sustainable and equitable growth. In (re)defining the ocean, seabed mining has been central to these discussions. Drawing on fieldwork and semi-structured interviews undertaken with key actors in Namibia and South Africa, between 2016 and 2017, as well as recent policy debates and discourse surrounding the potential extraction of marine phosphate in Namibia this article critically examines the framing of the marine environment as an extractive space. The blue economy presents opportunities for new forms of capitalist accumulation and this has resulted in struggles over who can accumulate in the marine sphere. This article therefore analyses the emerging and competing claims to sovereignty over this "new" resource frontier, including by state and non-state actors, and identifies which actors have been included or excluded from the blue economy agenda. In discussing sovereignty over this frontier and resources therein, it undertakes a rigorous analysis of the complications created by the ocean as a three-dimensional, voluminous, "borderless" space.</p><p><strong>Key Words: </strong>Namibia, seabed mining, sovereignty, frontier, blue economy, EEZ</p>
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Takach, Geo. "Selling Nature In a Resource-based Economy: Romantic/Extractive Gazes and Alberta's Bituminous Sands." Environmental Communication 7, no. 2 (May 16, 2013): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2013.778208.
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Van Alstine, James. "Transparency in Resource Governance: The Pitfalls and Potential of “New Oil” in Sub-Saharan Africa." Global Environmental Politics 14, no. 1 (February 2014): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00213.
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An international agenda has evolved over the past decade to establish hard and soft rules to govern the impacts of the extractive industries. The international community and some resource-rich states have increasingly embraced norms such as transparency in resource governance. This paper explores how multi-stakeholder initiatives such as the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) and the Publish What You Pay (PWYP) campaign have sought to institutionalize transparency in resource governance. By exploring how, why, and to what effect transparency in resource governance has taken hold in a new petro-economy such as Ghana, I highlight two key findings: the interaction between voluntary and mandatory governance mechanisms and rescaling of authority, and the multi-scalar dimensions of resource governance and subsequent lack of focus on sub-national issues. In concluding, I question the transformative potential of transparency in resource governance, which has significant global implications as the demand for energy and non-energy minerals continues to rise.
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Franco, Isabel B., and Titi Kunkel. "Extractives and Sustainable Community Development: A Comparative Study of Women’s Livelihood Assets in the Americas." International Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 11 (October 23, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i11.2724.
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The world has experienced a rapid growth in the mining industry due to increased demand for minerals. However, this situation has given rise to complexities in resource regions, compromising how women sustain their livelihoods. With increasing deregulation and globalization of the world economy, the livelihoods of women in resource-rich regions deserve special attention. Women in communities adjacent to extractive operations commonly experience a loss of livelihood options. Using case studies, this paper compares the livelihoods of women in two resource regions, Risaralda in Colombia and an Indigenous community in Nemiah Valley of British Columbia in Canada. This paper argues that the extractive industry should engage with women to enhance their assets and help them forge more sustainable livelihood options. The paper also makes recommendations to stakeholders on how livelihood assets can be enhanced to benefit women in resource development regions.
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Gombodorj, Ganchimeg, and Károly Pető. "IMPACT OF THE MINING AND AGRICULTURE SECTOR ON THE MONGOLIAN ECONOMY." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 7, no. 1 (March 2022): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe139.
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Increasing the use of natural resources can improve the country’s wealth, but it has adverse effects caused by improper usage, and it is non-renewable. The depletion of natural resources is a global environmental issue that threatens the livelihoods of billions of people. Moreover, not all resource-rich countries are highly developed. Mongolia is one of the natural resources-rich countries in the world. The agricultural sector is Mongolia’s traditional economic sector, and it still plays an essential role in the country’s economy. This paper investigated the interrelation between the agriculture and the mining sectors and their impact on Mongolia’s economic growth. A multiple-stage regression model was used to analyse the selected variables’ time series data over 20 years of Mongolia. In addition to the model’s sectoral data per capita wealth, other control variables are added to explain economic convergences, human capital impact, and government size. Result proves that the mining sector has a substantial impact on the economic growth of Mongolia. However, agricultural sector growth does not depend on the mining sector. The high dependency from one sector, particularly the extractive sector, warns against the sustainable development of the country’s economy. Therefore, it is essential to support agriculture and other secondary sectors based on renewable natural resources and agriculture.
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Riofrancos, Thea N. "Scaling Democracy: Participation and Resource Extraction in Latin America." Perspectives on Politics 15, no. 3 (August 18, 2017): 678–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592717000901.
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In an extractive economy with territorially uneven costs and benefits, who should decide the fate of oil and mining projects: directly affected minorities or national citizenries? I reframe this question empirically: How are the collective identities and interests attached to various scales of democracy politically constructed in the increasingly frequent conflicts over resource extraction in Latin America, and what can we learn from these conflicts about broader dynamics of democratic contestation? To answer this question, I propose the concept of scaling democracy: the agonistic processes by which the scales of democratic decision-making and the democratic people are contested, established, and transformed. The concept of scaling democracy draws our attention to the ways in which the collective identities and interests attached to the various scales of democracy are constructed. These interest-articulations and collective identities are shaped by available institutional norms, organizational infrastructures, and social meanings. I draw on data from participant observation of a community mining consultation in Ecuador, and show that participatory institutions in the arena of resource extraction have fueled a contentious process of scaling democracy, with broader implications for the study of participatory democracy and scholarship on the relationship between resource-dependency and democracy.
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Sablin, Kirill, Elena Kagan, and Ekaterina Chernova. "Clustering of the Russian coal mining regions: Investment and innovation activity." Journal of New Economy 21, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-1-5.
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On a global scale, Russia’s competitive advantages remain linked with extractive and low value-added industries despite numerous attempts of the government to make the national economy more innovative. The paper focuses on the problem of the Russian economy’s transi tion to innovative development and overcoming its resource dependency. Methodologically, the paper relies on the concepts of an enclave dual economy and fragmented (dual) innovation sys tems. The object of the study is coal mining regions, which are clustered based on the analysis of investment and innovation activity. Statistical methods of data analysis (calculation of descrip tive statistics) as well as cluster analysis methods (hierarchical method and k-means method) are used for processing the initial information. The researchers form the indicators characteris ing investment and innovative activity in the selected regions. Investment indicators include the ones reflecting the total share of investment in fixed capital by economic activities related to extractive and manufacturing industries. To assess innovation activity the authors calculated the total share of expenses of the organisations of extractive and manufacturing industries on technological innovations. The results of hierarchical analysis in a group of investment activity indicators allow identifying four clusters of regions. Based on the innovation activity indica tors, regions form three clusters. The research findings demonstrate that most of coal mining regions feature low or medium level of investment activity in the extractive and manufacturing industries; medium level of innovation activity in extractive industries and medium or low level of innovation activity in manufacturing industries. The results of the study can be one of the foundations for the regional policy targeting the transition to innovation economy.
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Andreeva, Elena N. "THE ARCTIC — NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A TEST ON MATURITY." Russian Economic Journal, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 50–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2022-1-50-77.
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The article examines the present-day situation in management of the most important field for the country — natural resource and mineral management — which has undergone significant changes in the post-Soviet period. The reforms have touched both the federal authorities responsible for the development of plans for analyzing future industrial demands on domestic and international markets and their supply with mineral resources, and the state-run organizations responsible for replenishing and maintaining the country’s raw materials database. The main focus of this article is on the lack of extraction on the RF territory of the kinds of minerals which have been at the epicenter of the international market due to the appearance of new industrial and technological innovations and breakthroughs, which have lately become the determining factor of the level of economic development of a country. In Russia, these minerals are completely ignored even though the Northern, Arctic and Far-Eastern regions feature a nearly inexhaustible supply of these raw materials. Remaining in the shadow of great success in extracting hydrocarbons and of their demand on the Western and Asian markets, not only do the problems with managing the use of polymetals and rare earth metals in Russia not receive proper attention, but this management can fall under the sole purview of foreign companies altogether. The article analyzes the extremely unsatisfactory performance of federal authorities responsible for the planning of future use of natural resources and minerals as they do not maintain a close relationship with and do not follow the recommendations of the leading geological institutes of the country. These authorities are moving further and further away from providing the national economy with strategic raw materials, fail to effectively manage federal financial resources allocated for the replenishment of the national natural resource inventory, shifting the responsibility onto large private extractive companies whose primary concern has always been to fulfill their own commercial needs first. The article especially focuses on the Arctic zone of the RF, the least explored and the richest area in terms of natural resources, which can, if properly managed, make Russian economy self-sufficient, despite the growing sanctions against it, while supplying the international market with the most valuable resources. The current natural resource and mineral management, run by unprofessional staff at the most senior levels, completely contradicts the ideology of a sustainable development of the Russian society, the ideology which alone can bring the country to a new, progressive level. This article shows the acute need for an increased federal involvement in managing strategic types of mineral resources and the need to keep them from becoming foreign company assets.
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Ruheni, George Gatere, and Lydiah N. Wambugu. "Resource Utilization Planning and Resilience in Food Security Projects in Kenya." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.706.
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Vision 2030 is Kenya's economic blueprint whose focus is to guide the country in the transformational agenda of achieving a newly industrialized, middle-income country; a country where citizens enjoy high quality life in a clean and secure environment by the year 2030. Appreciating that agriculture is the backbone of the Kenya’s economy, it is critical to inject efficiency in food security projects to guarantee sustainable food security. However, the current food production system is not keen on maintaining value of resources, hence, catalysing soil degradation, deforestation, water depletion, and Green House Gas emissions. Consequently, climate change, food insecurity, slowed economy, unemployment, and poverty. The resultant effect is poor human health, inability to cope with shocks, inequalities, and lack of social services. Nonetheless, factual based policies supporting science, technology, and innovation for efficient and effective resource utilization in food security projects will promote the country’s capacity in achieving resilience in food security. This paper will highlight the concept of resource utilization planning to enhance, resources predictability and value maintenance. The study will employ desk review of relevant documents on: resource utilization and food security and nutrition. The findings are expected to provide policy makers with insight on the policies that are required as a fundamental catalyst, in designing and creating an enabling environment for robust food security projects. In return, the food security projects are bound to minimize on extractive activities, Green House Gas emissions, deforestation, soil degradation and water depletion.
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Marfo, Emmanuel Opoku, Kwame Oduro Amoako, Henry Asanti Antwi, Benjamin Ghansah, and Gausu Mohammed Baba. "Corporate Social Responsibility: Institutional Behavior Differences in Extractive Industry." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 33 (November 2017): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.33.194.
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The developed countries’ institutional research undertaken on corporate social responsibilities (CSR) have shown a positive relationship between accessibility of financial related assets and CSR. Contentions that we classified as the Institutional Difference Hypothesis (IDH) drawn from the institutional writing, on the other hand, propose that institutional contrasts amid of developing and the developed economies are prone to result in diverse CSR propositions. Incorporating the rationale of IDH with understanding of knowledge from slack resource theory, we contend that there exists a negative relationship between fiscal resources accessibility and CSR investments for mining companies in Ghana, a sub-Saharan African developing economy. We utilize a well-protected data from the Ghana Investment Promotion Center (GIPC), Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) and Ghana Chamber of mines (GCM) and find that Return on Ordinary Share, Return on Sales, and Net Profit were reliably connected with lower CSR disbursements. We highlight the ramifications of our discoveries for academics’ examination and corporate practitioners.
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Work, Courtney. "“There Was So Much”." Journal of Religion and Violence 6, no. 1 (2018): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jrv201851451.
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Anthropologists debate the usefulness of an “Ontological Turn” in theory and practice as a way to confront the social and ecological disjuncture at the heart of the Anthropocene. Is it possible, scholars wonder, to validate rather than rationalize the idea that mountains, rivers, and trees are social interlocutors as well as arbiters of justice, resource access, and societal well-being? In a twist of monumental irony, previously market-independent Cambodians are facing, in an odious confluence of fear, need, and desire, an ontological turn toward the rationalized notion that trees, mountains, rivers and all their inhabitants are important primarily as commodities that can be converted to money. This paper explores part of that nexus of fear, need, and desire through accounts of social relationships with the “owner of the water and the land,” whose permission is sought for territorial access and resource use. Successful navigation of relationships with the original owner of the territory require respect, solidarity, conservation, and offerings of gratitude. In return people enjoy resource abundance, ritual/technical knowledge, and good health. Improper comportment results in illness, loss of access to forest and water resources, and knowledge loss. In yet another ironic twist, the Development State (defined within) promises poverty alleviation, education, and health care for all those who master the extractive market economy. The paper explores how different ontologies give rise to particular social, political, and economic possibilities, and demonstrates that the punishments of the Original owner of the water and the land are visited upon those who either will not or cannot successfully navigate the extractive market system.
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Bahers, Jean-Baptiste, Paula Higuera, Anne Ventura, and Nicolas Antheaume. "The “Metal-Energy-Construction Mineral” Nexus in the Island Metabolism: The Case of the Extractive Economy of New Caledonia." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062191.
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The concept of island metabolism strives to implement the principles of social ecology at the island scale. It is, therefore, a question of analyzing the flows of materials and energy passing through these territories, as well as the resource base needed to sustain their activities. We propose to develop a nexus approach to the New Caledonian island metabolism to understand the interactions between biophysical structures and societal, as well as economic, activities. Metals, construction minerals, and energy are good symbols of economies based on the extraction of non-renewable resources. This is why, in this article, we sought to investigate how the “metal-energy-construction mineral” nexus can affect the resilience and metabolic sustainability of the extractive island of New Caledonia. We carried out the Material and Energy Flow Analysis (MEFA) of each nexus subsystem for 2016 and of the nodes of interdependence. We also interrogated the role of importing countries because the island’s metabolism is dominated by the nickel extraction industry. Indeed, the metabolic profile of this island corresponds to the one of a supply territory for other consumption territories. The latter outsource the impacts of their own consumption to New Caledonia. Finally, based on interviews with economic stakeholders, we studied the potential building blocks for the emergence of an industrial symbiosis in the nexus.
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Eddassi, Hassane. "Fiscal Regime and Tax Policy in Resource-Rich Countries In The Process Of Globalization: Literature Review." SocioEconomic Challenges 4, no. 2 (2020): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.4(2).67-77.2020.
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The sudden collapse of oil prices combined with the COVID 19 pandemic is considered to be the worst economic crisis in the history of Resource-Rich Countries. These two events put immense pressure on the economic performance of these countries even with the huge reserves and volume of exports they enjoyed during the past. This raises the question of what are the particularities of these countries that made them very vulnerable to such shocks. This paper is a gathering of multiple studies and reports dealing with the specific topic of Resource-Rich Countries. More precisely, I try to analyze, based on a literature review, the nature of the Fiscal Regime applied in these nations and what makes it different than other countries. In addition, I investigate the Tax Regime applied in Resource-Rich Countries, with an emphasis on observed strengths or weaknesses. I conclude that the Fiscal Regime in Resource-Rich Countries is generally different in many aspects: these countries are subject to severe price volatility, shocks easily affect the economy, and the nature of the Extractive Industry (EI) is very different and needs adequate policy. I also highlight that the Tax System in Resource-Rich Countries is different as well: low investment in human resources and IT and low reliance on tax revenues. This study provides many recommendations to policymakers and authorities in Resource-Rich Countries. The most important is the necessity to implement a Counter-Cyclical Fiscal Policy. Such a measure can enhance savings during periods of high prices while allowing the government to spend more during periods of crisis. In addition, the paper recommends investing more in the tax administration and enhancing the volume of tax revenues as this can allow more diversification. Many other recommendations are presented to help absorb the shocks caused by a severe drop in commodity prices. This paper is a good reference for experts or researchers in the fields of Fiscal Regimes, Tax Policy, and Resource Riche Countries. It is also useful for any research in the domain of the Extractive Industries as it analyzes many of the aspects related to that industry. Keywords: resource-rich countries, fiscal policy, tax policy, countercyclical fiscal policy, mining.
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Godlewska, Anne M. C., Laura M. Schaefli, Melissa Forcione, Christopher Lamb, Elizabeth Nelson, and Breah Talan. "Canadian colonialism, ignorance and education. A study of graduating students at Queen’s University." Journal of Pedagogy 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jped-2020-0008.
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AbstractCanada has long been a colonial country and an extractive economy. In the 20th century, with the adoption of multiculturalism and a global peace keeping mission, the country seemed to embrace a new ethos. However, Canada remains deeply colonial and, in spite of a judiciary that since the repatriation of the Constitution in 1982, increasingly recognizes Indigenous land, resource and identity rights, its economy continues to be extractive, with abiding impacts on the Indigenous peoples of Turtle Island (North America). Our study of the knowledge, ignorance and social attitudes of exiting undergraduate students at Queen’s University suggests that students in this part of Canada (Ontario) are educated to misunderstand the fundamental geographies of Indigenous peoples, their land, and their identity. But the contradiction between image and reality is beginning to attract the students’ attention and disrupt their sense of being part of a just society.
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Rakhmeeva, Irina, and Ivan Antipin. "Strategizing sustainable development: the case of the Ural industrial regions." E3S Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125005004.
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The remit of the article is regional development strategizing. Regional development strategy as part of regional regulatory environment could ensure the task of sustainable development due to determining priorities for resource conservation, development of a “green” economy, and restoration of natural resources. This is especially important for the extractive economies of the Russian regions. On the contrary, the research revealed the preservation of extractive policies in most of the Ural regions. The manuscript contains the description of the ecological and economic position of the regions of the Ural macroregion, that have a high anthropogenic impact on the environment because of their nature of economy. We analysed the content of the development strategies of the regions of the Ural macroregion and the issues of sustainable development. The Chelyabinsk region and the Republic of Bashkortostan didn’t include sustainable development in the top priorities. It leads them to stick their place in the tail of the National Environmental Rating of Russian Regions. Orenburg region’s strategy conclude the most quality mechanisms for ensuring environmental safety in regional strategic documents. The author highlighted the comprehension of the deep interrelationships of ecological well-being with all spheres of human life in the development strategy of the Sverdlovsk region. The regional development strategy is an important mechanism for ensuring a balance between industrial growth and environmental conservation. Therefore, the authority of traditional industrial regions of the Urals should strengthen the component of sustainable development in their strategies.
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Kingsbury, Benedict. "Infrastructure and InfraReg: on rousing the international law ‘Wizards of Is’." Cambridge International Law Journal 8, no. 2 (December 2019): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/cilj.2019.02.01.
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Physical, informational and now digital infrastructure features throughout Nation-State consolidation and imperial extension, in war preparedness and war logistics, in resource extraction and energy capture and transit, in each quantum step in economic globalisation, in mass migrations and religious missions, in the global scaling of finance and financialisation, in the global digital economy, in artificial intelligence (AI) and robots, in economic development strategies and in China's vast Belt and Road Initiative. International law has largely aligned with these enterprises, but has seemed not effectively to address massive anthropocenic degradation, AI, new biotech, and the human and planetary consequences of extractive capitalism. Science and technology studies, and work extending from Bruno Latour and Susan Leigh Star to governance-by-prototype and ‘new materialism’, have generated rich insights about infrastructure. These are being extended to ‘infrastructure as regulation’ (the infra-reg project). This paper explores implications for reinvigorating deliberative forward-planning international law projects to address technologically driven transformation, which follow from ‘thinking infrastructurally’.
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Eufemia, Luca, Izabela Schlindwein, Michelle Bonatti, Sabeth Tara Bayer, and Stefan Sieber. "Community-Based Governance and Sustainability in the Paraguayan Pantanal." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 5158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195158.
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The megadiverse biome of the Paraguayan Pantanal is in danger due to the expansion of cattle ranching and agricultural frontiers that threaten not only the fragile equilibrium of natural resources, but also that of local governance and cultural identities. As a consequence, weak governance stresses the relations between natural resource-dependent communities, generating socio-environmental conflicts. This perception study seeks to find community-based governance models for sustainability in the context of Paraguayan wetlands. According to the organizational principles of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), we applied qualitative approaches with the use of the Governance Analytical Framework (GAF) to identify problems and social norms. Our findings suggest that the Yshiro indigenous self-organized group (Unión de las Comunidades Indígenas de la Nación Yshiro (UCINY)) can be considered as a model for community-based governance. Besides, we discovered that this specific governance model is highly threatened by the impact of the national neo-extractive economy.
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Antonenko, Igor, and Tatiana Sidorovich. "Transformational Factors of the Development and Implementation of the Innovation Capacity of Regional Economy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 2 (September 2020): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2020.2.8.
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The author focuses on the analysis of the conditions necessary for the development of innovation capacity of economy and distinguishes two groups of factors – transformational factors (presented by the human factor – A, technological factor – T, natural factor – Rn) and transactional factors (presented by the institutional factor – Ins, organizational factor – O, informational factor – Inf) – contributing to the development of innovation capacity. Human capital is the historical form of the human factor with intellectual capital as its integral component in the form of resources of intellectual activity which enhances the intellectual capacity and innovation capacity of the region. The technical factor which contributes to the development of the innovation capacity of economy implements the resource element of innovation capacity and results in knowledge-intensive industries where technological changes are defined by the sectoral and technological specialization and differ by their degree of knowledge intensity. The nature factor plays an important role in the development of the innovation capacity of economy, defines its technological base and has an impact on the scale of innovation activity. Natural recourses influence innovation capacity by means of the components of natural environment which are used as means of production or commodities. The role of the nature-resource factor in the structure of innovation capacity and innovation system increases with the abundance of extractive industries and decreases with the processing of raw materials. The human factor is considered to be the major one for the development of innovation capacity, it integrates the functions of technological, organizational and nature factors and contributes to the implementation of the innovation capacity of economy.
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Zamaraev, B. A., and T. N. Marshova. "The effectiveness of the investment process of reproduction." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-5-45-68.
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The article analyzes the effectiveness of the investment process in Russian economy, which is assessed using indicators of specific capital investments for introduction of production capacities. The dynamics and characteristics of changes in specific capital investments for various types of economic activity of Russian industry are analyzed. The main groups of factors that determine the change in specific capital investments are identified. It is concluded that, in the medium term, the state of the economy with a significant share of extractive industries will continue to have a decisive influence on the dynamics of specific capital investments, and objective processes of depletion of the mineral resource base and worsening production conditions will increase specific capital investments. The continuation of the noted trends will determine the requirements for the volume and structure of investments to ensure the reproduction of the industrial potential and increase its technical and technological level.
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Geldenhuys, Andries Francois, Oluseye Samuel Ajuwon, and Michael Graham. "RESOURCE CURSE AND EITI MEMBERSHIP EFFECT ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CORRUPTION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: PART II - AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 5, Special (June 2020): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe095.
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This study is the second and concluding part of the study that feature in volume 5(1) of this journal. It examines the impact of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) membership on Economic Growth and corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A pooled cross-sectional panel study on 46 countries in SSA from 1996 to 2016 was employed. The results show that EITI membership and its statistical interaction with resource dependence have a moderately positive effect on reducing the resource curse on implementing countries by increasing GDP per capita. However, the results do not indicate any significant reduction in the level of corruption associated with governance in the region through EITI membership. The research concludes that the EITI has potential value and should continue to be used as a mechanism to increase transparency in the resource-curse economy. The implementation period for most member countries is, however, still in its infancy and it will be possible to assess the more success of the EITI membership with the passage of time.
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Bruisch, Katja. "Nature Mistaken: Resource-Making, Emotions and the Transformation of Peatlands in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union." Environment and History 26, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734018x15254461646567.
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This article examines the commodification and cultural perception of nature in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union through the case of peatland transformation. Drawing upon scientific texts, expert literature and policy documents, I analyse how since the late eighteenth century peatlands were turned into natural resources and how emotions played a crucial role in this process. The discourse about and the actual treatment of these landscapes mirrored changing notions of private property in the Russian Empire and the gradual rise of the state as a key actor in the management of natural wealth. At the same time, the Russian debate followed that in western and northern Europe, where the use of wetlands for peat extraction and their conversion into farmland reflected hopes to boost the national economy and visions of internal colonisation. While important parallels existed with other countries in relation to the cultural perceptions and economic appropriation of wetlands, the Russian / Soviet case exhibited some distinct features as well. Even though the Soviet Union supported international wetland conservation efforts, the state kept promoting extractive and expansive land use practices, while negative attitudes towards peatlands remained influential. Paradoxically, the Russian case both confirms and challenges the argument about the 'fall and rise' of wetlands that has been made in relation to other parts of the world.
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Korolev, M. K., and I. V. Totok. "Intellectual and natural resources: new opportunities for development." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (May 18, 2022): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-2-4-171-177.
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The article analyzes the role of intellectual resources in the development of extractive industries through research on promising technological solutions for the main stages of technological processes. The relevance of the study lies in the possibility and necessity of using patent analytics as a tool for forming growth points for high-tech sectors of the economy in resource-type regions. The authors suggest that the oriented adaptation of patent analytics tools will solve a large-scale scientific problem - to identify patterns and dependencies of changes in the mining and geological conditions of subsoil use and, accordingly, the main parameters of mining machines, over time and develop a methodology for predicting and justifying the promising parameters of various mining machines as one functional purpose, and multifunctional, ensuring their efficient operation for a given period of time.
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Izmailova, Mariya Olegovna. "Mineral extraction tax: place and role in the Tax System of the Russian Federation." Налоги и налогообложение, no. 3 (March 2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-065x.2022.3.33881.
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Currently, the problems of taxation of mineral extraction in the Russian Federation are very relevant, which is due not only to the formation of the monetary fund of the state, designed to finance the solution of various national tasks, but also to the rational use of natural resources. The mineral extraction tax (MET) is systemically important from the standpoint of the formation of tax revenues of the budget system of the Russian Federation. The industry specifics of the Russian economy, the predominance of extractive industries in GDP, and ensuring the profitability of the activities of extractive companies determine the significant attention of the state, business, and science to the issues of collection, administration, distribution, and reform of the mineral extraction tax. The subject of the study is the MET in the tax system of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research consists of analysis, synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the particular, logical and historical methods, as well as other general scientific methods. The place and role of the MET in the tax system of the Russian Federation are considered, the place of this tax in the system of payments for the use of natural resources levied on the territory of our country is determined. Based on the statistical reports of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, it has been established that the receipts of mineral extraction tax are steadily increasing from year to year. This trend is due to an increase in the production of such types of hydrocarbon raw materials as oil, natural gas and gas condensate. It is determined that the contribution of the subjects of the Russian Federation to the formation of the monetary fund of the country is unequal, due to the difference in the mineral resource base in the regions. It is shown that in the coming decades Russia has a powerful potential to increase the tax revenues of the budget system through taxation of hydrocarbon production. The problems of taxation of mineral extraction in Russia are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that the budget system of the Russian Federation has a significant tax potential in the field of taxation of natural resources extraction, provided that favorable conditions for doing business are created.
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Bastida, María, Alberto Vaquero García, and Miguel Á. Vázquez Taín. "A New Life for Forest Resources: The Commons as a Driver for Economic Sustainable Development—A Case Study from Galicia." Land 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020099.
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Communal forests are a unique land tenure system and comprise a singular legal category in Galicia. Their persistence over time demonstrates that this community-owned resource has overcome the “tragedy of the commons”, showing their capability to successfully develop self-governing institutions. However, communal forests have rarely been studied through the lens of economics. This minimizes the opportunity to explore to what extent communities of communal forests might be a driving force of general well-being, citizen empowerment, equity, employment, and local development. In this paper, we focus on this gap and address the opportunities. We detail this special ownership structure that allows residents of rural areas to exploit the forest as if they were a single owner. Moreover, we highlight the potential of communal forests to exploit local resources far beyond extractive processes, enabling the generation of greater added value to the economy while favoring a responsible treatment of resources. This enables productive activity integrated with the rest of the primary sector, while allowing for the maintenance of the population and supporting the local economy. Our results reveal a set of inefficiencies that can jeopardize common forest opportunities to become a sustainable economic activity, such as underqualified management, a low level of interest and commitment among community members, and excessive focus on logging. Thus, we propose several actions to improve collective engagement and active membership to better manage Galicia’s forests.
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Khalimova, Sophia, and Anastasiya Ivanova. "Labor Productivity of Economic Sectors in the Regions: The Role of Information and Communication Technologies." Spatial Economics 17, no. 4 (2021): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2021.4.069-096.
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The attention of this article is focused on the impact that expanding of the usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) has on the economic development of Russian regions. As shown by various authors, the use of ICT ultimately leads to an increase in the factor productivity. Here, we assess to what extent the use of ICT contributes to the growth of economic development efficiency at the regional level, which is interpreted here as labor productivity in certain economic sectors, and measured as output per worker. Panel data analysis for Russian regions covers 2015–2018. The analysis shows that the spread of ICT has a positive effect on labor productivity in both mining and manufacturing, with dividing regions into two groups – ‘resource’ and ‘non-resource’ depending on role of the extractive industry in regional economy – when considering labor productivity in mining. It was found that there is a relationship between ICT development indicators and labor productivity, with significant factors being industry and regionally specific. The widespread adoption of ICT has a positive effect on the economic development effectiveness, with a stronger link in the manufacturing, while for the mining the discovered relation was not so clear. Among the factors affecting labor productivity in the mining in ‘resource’ regions are access to the Internet, the use of ‘cloud’ services, as well as involvement in research and development; for ‘non-resource’ regions significant factors are the use of local computer networks, regional ICT subsidies, and the purchase of computing equipment. For the manufacturing, the key factors are access to the Internet, the share of high-tech businesses in the regional economy, the purchase of computing equipment, and the use of the services of third-party organizations and ICT specialists
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Andronova, Inna V., Lubinda Haabazoka, and Aaron Mwewa Kasonde. "The government policy of Zambia on attracting foreign direct investment and its effectiveness." RUDN Journal of Economics 30, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-1-33-44.
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Investment policy has always played one of the most important roles in the development of the national economy. Foreign direct investment is interconnected with the activities of multinational companies and the opportunities that can be obtained by the host country. The article reveals the investment policy of Zambia and the role played by the public sector in it. The identified competitive advantages prove that Zambia has significant investment potential even though the country does not have direct access to the sea. Significant reserves of mineral raw materials confirm the energy and resource security of the economy, which is the area for investment by both national and foreign companies. The authors pay attention to several important problems of socio-economic significance, which complicate the effective and full functioning of the economy. The authors found that there are not enough studies in the domestic and foreign literature on the investment potential of Zambia. The study of inward investment activity showed that free economic zones are the most effective tool for attracting FDI, while the extractive sector remains the most attractive in this area. A comparative analysis of the disadvantages and advantages of the Zambian economy, conducted by the authors, proves that the state has the necessary elements of investment attractiveness. However, it was noted that the arrival of investments in the country should also meet the socio-economic interests of the state.
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Andronova, Inna V., Lubinda Haabazoka, and Aaron Mwewa Kasonde. "The government policy of Zambia on attracting foreign direct investment and its effectiveness." RUDN Journal of Economics 30, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-1-33-44.
Full textAbstract:
Investment policy has always played one of the most important roles in the development of the national economy. Foreign direct investment is interconnected with the activities of multinational companies and the opportunities that can be obtained by the host country. The article reveals the investment policy of Zambia and the role played by the public sector in it. The identified competitive advantages prove that Zambia has significant investment potential even though the country does not have direct access to the sea. Significant reserves of mineral raw materials confirm the energy and resource security of the economy, which is the area for investment by both national and foreign companies. The authors pay attention to several important problems of socio-economic significance, which complicate the effective and full functioning of the economy. The authors found that there are not enough studies in the domestic and foreign literature on the investment potential of Zambia. The study of inward investment activity showed that free economic zones are the most effective tool for attracting FDI, while the extractive sector remains the most attractive in this area. A comparative analysis of the disadvantages and advantages of the Zambian economy, conducted by the authors, proves that the state has the necessary elements of investment attractiveness. However, it was noted that the arrival of investments in the country should also meet the socio-economic interests of the state.
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Lutz, John. "Losing Steam: The Boiler and Engine Industry as an Index of British Columbia’s Deindustrialization, 1880‑1915." Historical Papers 23, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 168–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030986ar.
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Abstract This paper examines the process whereby the resource industries on the British Columbia frontier were disconnected from the local secondary manufacturing industries and coupled to the growing manufacturing economies of southern Ontario, the United States, and Great Britain between 1860 and 1915. The resource extractive industries were closely linked, in British Columbia, to the boiler and engine-making industry and prior to 1900 both sectors grew apace. After 1900 the growing demand for boilers and engines was met by producers in Ontario, the United States, and Britain while the British Columbia industry went into decline. An examination of both the costs of production and the social determinants of those costs reveals that the main causes of this displacement were the linking of the high-wage British Columbia economy to the lower wage east by the Canadian Pacific Railway; the railway's discriminatory rate structure; and a shift towards nonlocal ownership of the main components in the economy which was accompanied by new purchasing patterns that favoured nonlocal secondary manufacturers.
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Kharlamov, A. V., and G. V. Avaliani. "INVESTMENTS AND OVERCOMING THE INSTABILITY OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-3-113-119.
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The instability of the national economy is one of the topical problems studied by modern science, especially important in view of the current state of the Russian economy. The purpose of this study is to justify the possibility of using investment as the most important factor to minimize the consequences of instability in the economy. To achieve this goal, the article identifies the key areas of investment. There are the real sector of the national economy, transport infrastructure and human capital. The substantiation of these directions is correlated with the prospects of deepening the specialization of Russia as a resource-exporting state. At the same time, the task is to modernize domestic production by increasing the efficiency in the extractive industries, while expanding the range of consumers of their products and reducing the environmental burden. It will help to reduce the level of economic instability, and in the future - to go to sustainable economic growth in the interests of all economic entities. The study uses some theoretical and empirical methods, in particular, logical and system analysis, comparison, method of collecting empirical data, study and generalization, description and processing of research results. As a result of the study, it was found that today it is necessary to change the macroeconomic policy on the basis of the significance of investment and innovative projects. The solution of this problem will improve the productivity, as the most important indicator of the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of globalization. The article concludes that investments should be considered as an effective tool for weakening the economic instability and as an essential condition for meeting the growing economic interests of economic entities.
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Bovensiepen, Judith. "On the banality of wilful blindness: Ignorance and affect in extractive encounters." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20959426.
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Research on strategic ignorance tends to focus on the deliberate manufacture of non-knowledge as a tool of governance. In contrast, this article highlights the ‘banal’ workings of wilful blindness, how it can become a normalised part of corporate routine. It examines the diverse dynamics of wilful blindness that became visible in the planning and implementation of a mega oil development project in Timor-Leste, including spatial distancing, denial of moral implications, and the production of effervescent moments of collective solidarity. It concludes that affective states are key in the normalisation of wilful blindness, which operates at the unstable boundary between intention and affect. An emphasis on wilful blindness helps us to bridge the gap between political economy approaches that emphasise the disruptive impact of resource abundance, on the one hand, and anthropological approaches that highlight the social logics and ethical evaluations of main actors involved, on the other.
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Zhironkin, Sergey, Olga Zhironkina, Andrey Voloshin, Julia Suslova, and Roman Shorokhov. "Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of the Structural Convergence of the Economy in the Transition to Sustainable Development." E3S Web of Conferences 315 (2021): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131504020.
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At the present stage of the transition to sustainable development, when the share of a green economy in technologically advanced countries reaches one third of GDP, overcoming the structural crisis of the Russia is inseparable from reducing the technological gap and structural imbalances in the economy. These imbalances alienate Russia from ecologically and technologically advanced countries. Therefore, it is highly relevant to develop a methodology for assessing the structural convergence of the economy in the context of the transition to sustainable development, accompanied in developed countries by a new type of structural shift caused by the expansion of convergent technologies, the emergence of new principles of sectoral genesis and the formation of a green economy. The deepening of the divergent nature of Russian economy development was the result of a series of negative structural shifts that consolidated the dominance of extractive and resource-intensive industries, which threaten the final loss of technological identity, consolidation of the recessive trend and a lag in the transition to sustainable development. Therefore, today it is extremely important to formulate a methodology for assessing the structural convergence of Russian economy with technological and ecologically advanced countries, taking into account both quantitative and qualitative aspects.
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Rosales, Antulio. "Pursuing foreign investment for nationalist goals: Venezuela's hybrid resource nationalism." Business and Politics 20, no. 3 (May 2, 2018): 438–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2018.6.
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AbstractScholarship in international political economy (IPE) has noted the rise of resource nationalism in since the early 2000s. Despite the increased presence of state regulation in the resource sector, resource nationalism has not been incompatible with foreign investment. This article contributes to better understand resource nationalist policies that emerged in recent years and offers new theoretical insights to explain state-IOC relations by integrating obsolescing bargaining theories and constructivist approaches. Drawing on the case of Venezuela, this article explains how the Chávez regime pursued a hybrid model of control and welcoming of investments in the oil sector. The article argues that both bargaining insights and ideational considerations are important in explaining this model. In the context of high oil prices and sunk investments, it is unsurprising that a leftist government would seek to renegotiate contracts to seek better deals from extractive companies. Yet, focusing exclusively on those incentives misses important ideational drivers for the government to keep investors in the country. For Chávez's government, effecting changes in the oil policy was possible after waging an intense battle with its NOC, PDVSA, over control. Association with foreign investment became crucial to build its socialist model and to control its own company.
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Onuoha, Godwin. "A ‘rising Africa’ in a resource-rich context: Change, continuity and implications for development." Current Sociology 64, no. 2 (December 4, 2015): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392115614789.
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As Africa witnesses a shift from Afro-pessimism to Afro-euphoria, contemporary discourses on the continent have been hinged on the notion of a ‘Rising Africa’. This article explores the often-ignored structural defects upon which the notion is hinged, particularly in resource-rich contexts. The analysis is based on a critique of current narratives of a rising Africa as being far too simplistic and subjective to serve as an enduring basis for capturing the dialectics of change in a resurgent continent. It does this by engaging a multi-level analysis that draws upon the political economy of oil, growing inequalities in resource-rich states, strategic and energy security calculations of global actors, and the complex web of global forces that define the parameters and limits of development on the continent. Given the marginal position of the continent in the global extractive regime, this article posits that a lot will depend on understanding the implications, risks and opportunities embedded in Africa’s current resource boom, with a view to charting a viable and sustainable path in its unpredictable search for development.
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Shavina, Evgeniya. "Formation of Technological Platforms in Mining Regions as a Tool for the Implementation of the National Technology Initiative (on the Example of the Kemerovo Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Tatarstan)." E3S Web of Conferences 278 (2021): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127803022.
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At present, it is important for national economies to adapt to the emerging conditions of volatility. One of the main trends in the modern world is the transition to a new technological order. Therefore, it is important to build the economic system of any state on the basis of current trends. Taking into account the potential of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation as a whole, and of its individual regions in particular, it is advisable to renew such sub-industries as the extractive industry. Modernization based on the use of new technologies in such a large sector of the economy has significant prospects in the context of the implementation of the National Technology Initiative. One of the tools contributing to innovative development is the formation of technology platforms. Regions can show different rates of involvement in the process of technological renewal due to the different level of the formed scientific and technical base and resource potential. Nevertheless, the centralized concentration of innovations, scientific resources and modern infrastructure are designed to have a positive impact on the subjects, regardless of the degree of influence of internal factors.
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Alklychev, A. M. "Price policy of the State in conditions of financial instability." Finance and Credit 26, no. 8 (August 28, 2020): 1688–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.8.1688.
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Subject. I consider the price policy of the State in conditions of domination of extractive industries, natural monopolies, and financial uncertainty in the economy. Objectives. The purpose is to provide a modern concept of price as a market instrument, where prices act as objects of management, financial and economic regulators, and tools to manage the economy. Methods. I employ methods of economic analysis and synthesis, comparison, scientific abstraction, and other methods of scientific knowledge. Results. The paper critically examines the State policy in the field of pricing, and determines the specifics of price regulation for natural monopolies’ products, for the purpose of effective functioning of competitive markets, decline in prices, and influence of ruble exchange rate dynamics on wages, pensions, benefits and payments, as well as on relationships between domestic and world prices under financial uncertainty of commodity markets. Conclusions. The main goal of the State pricing policy should be the development of an economic mechanism for its implementation as a means of direct increase in the Russian economy efficiency, rather than a focus on domestic resource-based industries as drivers of its development. Government regulation and financial impact on prices, as well as other forms of interference with market pricing, should encourage and expand healthy competition in the form of subsidies and subventions to new, but yet weak producers in the monopolized sector; subsidize substitutes for products manufactured by monopolists; subsidize the costs of import-substituting and export-oriented enterprises, etc.