Academic literature on the topic 'Resource durability'
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Journal articles on the topic "Resource durability"
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Котляревский and Vladimir Kotlyarevskiy. "Assessment of Durability Resource of Bent Underground Main Pipelines." Safety in Technosphere 1, no. 6 (December 25, 2012): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/155.
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Cherepanov, Anatoliy. "THE EFFECT OF FRICTION PAIR WEAR ON THE LIFE OF THE MACHINE." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2022, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2022-1-71-72.
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The influence of the degree of wear of the friction pair on the durability and resource of mechanisms and machines is considered. The passage of liquid or gas, a decrease in the discharge pressure in the cylinders, runout and dynamic loads on components and parts increase with the wear of friction pairs, which as a result leads to a decrease in the durability and resource of machines
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Naik, Viren, Georges Savoldelli, Deven Chandra, and Hwan Joo. "Durability of Non-Technical Skills Following Crisis Resource Management Training." Simulation In Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare 2, no. 1 (2007): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01266021-200700210-00036.
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Zhou, Bo, Wen Liang Liu, and Xu Hui Liu. "DOI of Local Information Service Database Based on CALIS-Standard." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 3130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.3130.
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The unstable linking of network and difficult finding on internet make information resources lacking of durability so the sharing of digital information resource and the location management has become the key research of the serving of information resources. The paper puts forward CALIS-DOI model fitting the requirements of local information service database construction by analyzing application situation of DOI in building local information resources services and fully considering the functions of CALIS in building of local information resources service. The model will be put into the local information resource serving systems and serve for digital location and information transmit.
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Voronov, A. N., and M. N. Kostomakhin. "Assessment of the durability of self-propelled agricultural machines." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2109-07.
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Material according to reliability of agricultural machinery and its main indicators which are characterized by measurement of resource parameters of technical condition of details and interfaces is presented in article. The possibility of an assessment of a resource of car/system or the unit is considered, at technical service of cars by means of the generalized coefficient characterizing their current technical condition
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Savadogo, Nafissatou, Adamah Messan, Kinda Hannawi, William Prince Agbodjan, and François Tsobnang. "Durability of Mortar Containing Coal Bottom Ash as a Partial Cementitious Resource." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 8089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198089.
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This research work focuses on the study of the durability of composite cements based on coal bottom ash powder produced by SONICHAR in Niger. After a physicochemical and environmental characterization of the coal bottom ash powder, mortar test specimens were made. In these specimens, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement were replaced by identical mass percentages of coal bottom ash powder. Durability studies focused on the determination of the chloride ions apparent diffusion coefficient, the measurement of the depth of carbonation and the accelerated ammonium nitrate leaching. The influence of carbonation and leaching were examined using the following parameters: pore distribution, gas permeability, porosity accessible to water, capillary absorption and electrical resistivity. The results show that the incorporation of coal bottom ash powder into CEM I leads to an increase in the depth of carbonation. This increase is more significant when the substitution rate exceeds 10%. In the leaching test, the partial substitution of coal bottom ash powder in CEM I up to 20% does not significantly affect the durability parameters of the composites compared to the control mortar. Diffusion test shows that for mortars containing less than 15% substitution, there is no significant influence on the chloride diffusion coefficient. A slight decrease is observed for mortar containing 20% substitution.
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Chunchu, Bala Rama Krishna, and Jagadeesh Putta. "Effect of Recycled Plastic Granules as a Partial Substitute for Natural Resource Sand on the Durability of SCC." Resources 8, no. 3 (July 27, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030133.
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This investigation is focused on durability studies of binary blended self-compacting concrete (SCC) with the replacement effect of electronic plastic waste, namely high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) granules as partial sand. In the current investigation, for all the SCC mixes, cement is replaced with pozzolanic material fly ash in the binder content of 497 kg/m3 and an adopted water-to-binder ratio of 0.36. Durability properties such as porosity, water absorption, and sorptivity are assessed for the curing periods of 28 and 90 days on SCC specimens produced with HIPS (0%–40% replacement by volume of sand). Both surface and internal water absorption rates were found to be minimal for SCC with HIPS. Replacement of HIPS up to 30% in SCC exhibited improved trends for all tests results. Reported durability parameter values were within permissible limits and revealed the excellent performance of HIPS in SCC. The optimum durability values can be attributed to the dense microstructure of SCC obtained with the combined effect of HIPS and fly ash. The continuous gradation of aggregates in the matrix reduced porosity due to the spherical shape of HIPS; additionally, the hydrophobicity of HIPS inhibits moisture migration in SCC. The additional benefits of fly ash, such as pozzolanic action and the filler effect at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) are also major contributions to the long-term performance of durability. Electronic plastic waste replacement for fine aggregates in concrete compensates for the disposal problem and conserves natural sand.
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Lobanov, L. M. "On the implementation of the target program of scientific research of the NAS of Ukraine Reliability and durability of materials, structures, equipment and constructions (transcript of report at the meeting of the Presidium of the NAS of Ukraine, December 9, 2020)." Visnik Nacional'noi' academii' nauk Ukrai'ni, no. 01 (January 25, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/visn2021.01.028.
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The report presents the most important results of the target research program of the NAS of Ukraine “Reliability and durability of materials, structures, equipment and constructions” (“Resource-2”) in 2016-2020, aimed at solving a set of problems, development and implementation of measures and tools to ensure the reliability, durability and safe operation of responsible long-term facilities related to the basic needs of the country. It is proposed to launch a new targeted research program of the NAS of Ukraine “Scientific and technical problems of monitoring, evaluation and extension of life of structures, equipment and constructions of long-term operation” for 2021-2025 (“Resource-3”).
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Rutkevych, Volodymyr. "EXPERIMENTAL RESOURCE STAND RESEARCH OF THE GOLDEN DIVISION DISTRIBUTOR." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 3(106) (November 29, 2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-3-10.
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The article discusses and analyzes the operating conditions of a modern hydraulic drive. Despite the difficult operating conditions of modern agricultural machinery (difficult working conditions, frequent changes in the technological load on the working bodies, low quality of the working fluid, increased dust content and temperature fluctuations), the hydraulic drive is its main reliable element. The basis of hydraulic drives is hydraulic spool type devices, they remain the main components of a modern hydraulic drive, are able to increase energy, dynamic, cost characteristics and increase the reliability and durability of this drive. The advantages, disadvantages and directions of improvement of this drive are noted. The modern directions of development of the hydraulic drive aimed at increasing the reliability, durability and adaptability to changing the technological load on the working bodies are considered. A booth design is proposed that allows to investigate a resource study of the developed spool splitter of a forage stem feeder. As a result of the research at the initial stage, some shortcomings in the structural implementation of the developed spool of the flow divider at the time up to 2·104 cycles were revealed. After analyzing the operating conditions and making changes to the design of the stem feeder spacer spacer and retesting, the spacer spacer showed stable operation, with more than 6.6·105 load cycles.
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Lei, Jun Qing. "Research on Durability of Coastal Concrete Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 2167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.2167.
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The work presented in this paper focuses on durability of concrete bridges, which is worldwide concerned nowadays because concrete bridges will deteriorate and damage under the natural environment and the long-term usage. The shortage in bridges durability performance will result in severe environment problems; energy sources matters and economic issues. Quickly developed coastal cities and transportion, due to large-scale expansion of themselves and exploitation of ocean resource, have to face rigorous marine climate. Hence, the studies the authors have performed showed that as a civil engineer it is important to learn the research and countermeasure actuality on durability of coastal concrete bridges. According to current research, the existing problems as well as objectives for further studies are also indicated .
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Resource durability"
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Al-Ayish, Nadia. "Environmental Impact of Concrete Structures - with Focus on Durability and Resource Efficiency." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215037.
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Concrete is essential for the construction industry with characteristic properties that make it irreplaceable in some aspects. However, due to the large volumes consumed and the energy intense cement clinker production it also has a notable climate impact. In order to reach the international and national sustainability goals it is therefore important to reduce the climate impact of concrete structures. There are many ways to influence the environmental impact of concrete and a detailed analysis is one of the actions that could push the industry and the society towards a sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the environmental impact of concrete structures and the built environment and to highlight the possibilities to reduce that impact with choice of concrete mix and innovative design solutions. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out to analyze the environmental impact of two thin façade solutions with innovative materials and to evaluate influences of different greenhouse gas reducing measures on concrete bridges. The influence of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in terms of climate impact and durability was also analyzed. The results indicate that SCMs have a twofold effect on the climate impact of reinforced concrete structures. Not only do they reduce the greenhouse gases through cement clinker replacement but also by an improvement of durability regarding chloride ingress. Currently, this is not considered in the regulations, which makes it difficult to foresee in LCA at early design stages. The results also show great possibilities to reduce the climate impact through different measures and design alternatives and the need for further development of products and solutions.QC 20171002
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Мордвінцева, Ірина Олександрівна. "Моделювання в САПР нестаціонарних термічних навантажень та ресурсної міцності поршнів швидкохідних дизелів." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40132.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук зі спеціальності 05.05.03 – двигуни та енергетичні установки. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". –Харків, 2018.
Дисертація присвячена моделюванню в САПР нестаціонарних термічних навантажень та ресурсної міцності поршнів швидкохідних дизелів. З'ясовано, що для моделювання температурного стану поршня в перехідних процесах дизеля необхідно застосування нестаціонарних моделей експлуатації. При цьому, при завданні граничних умов необхідно мати дані щодо функцій керування, які враховують час перехідного процесу. Визначено допустимі спрощення завдання ГУ в характерних зонах поршня при розрахунках температурного та термонапруженого стану поршня на стаціонарних та в перехідних процесах дизеля. Їх використання дозволяє скоротити час проектування без порушення концепції гарантованого забезпечення ресурсу кромки КЗ на початкових етапах застосування САПР. Проведено експериментальне дослідження з визначення температурного стану поршня для дизеля 4ЧН12/14 в перехідних процесах дизеля. За даними дослідження визначені функції керування для кожного перехідного процесу. Запропоновано комплекс математичних моделей для визначення температурного та термонапруженого стану поршня в перехідних процесах дизеля. Для цього визначені рівняння функцій керування ГУ для ділянок першого та другого ПК. При спрощені ГУ достовірність результатів запропоновано встановлювати за показником відносного розрахункового збільшення ресурсу. За результатами досліджень встановлено вплив запізнення в часі ступінчастої зміни ГУ 3-го роду поршня в перехідному процесі дизеля на ресурсну міцність кромки КЗ. Означений захід дає змогу підвищити ефективність САПР на стаціонарних та нестаціонарних навантаженнях та при виконанні оцінки ресурсної міцності поршнів. Запропоновані нові конструкції поршнів з порожнинами масляного охолодження.Thesis for the science degree of the Candidate of technical sciences by specialіty 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. – National Technical University "Kharkov polytechnic institute", Kharkov, 2018. The thesis is devoted to modeling in CAD of non-stationary thermal stresses and resource durability of pistons of high-speed diesel engines. The dissertation is devoted to the modeling of non-stationary thermal loads and resource strength of high-speed diesels in CAD. It has been found that for modeling the thermal state of the piston in the transient processes diesel, it is necessary to use non-stationary models of operation. In this case, when the boundary conditions are imposed, it is necessary to have data on control functions that including the time of the transition process. The allowable simplifications of the border conditions problem in the characteristic zones of the piston in the calculations of the thermal and thermo-stressed state of the piston on the stationary and in the transient processes of the diesel load are determined. Their use allows to shorten the design time without violating the concept of guaranteed maintenance of the resource of the edge of the combustion chamber in the initial stages of CAD application. An experimental study was conducted to determine the thermal of a piston for a 4CHN12/14 diesel engine in transient diesel processes. According to the study, control functions are defined for each transient process. A complex of mathematical models for the determination of the thermal and thermo-stressed state of the piston in the transient processes of the diesel is proposed. With simplified border conditions, the reliability of the results proposed to set the indicator of the relative estimated increase in the resource. According to the results of the research, the effect of the shift in time of the step change of the BC of the 3rd kind of a piston in the transient process of the diesel engine on the resource strength of the edge of the combustion chamber is established. This measure allows to increase the efficiency of CAD on stationary and non-stationary loads and when performing the evaluation of the resource strength of the pistons. New designs of pistons with oil-cooling cavities are proposed.
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Мордвінцева, Ірина Олександрівна. "Моделювання в САПР нестаціонарних термічних навантажень та ресурсної міцності поршнів швидкохідних дизелів." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/40129.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук зі спеціальності 05.05.03 – двигуни та енергетичні установки. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". –Харків, 2018.
Дисертація присвячена моделюванню в САПР нестаціонарних термічних навантажень та ресурсної міцності поршнів швидкохідних дизелів. З'ясовано, що для моделювання температурного стану поршня в перехідних процесах дизеля необхідно застосування нестаціонарних моделей експлуатації. При цьому, при завданні граничних умов необхідно мати дані щодо функцій керування, які враховують час перехідного процесу. Визначено допустимі спрощення завдання ГУ в характерних зонах поршня при розрахунках температурного та термонапруженого стану поршня на стаціонарних та в перехідних процесах дизеля. Їх використання дозволяє скоротити час проектування без порушення концепції гарантованого забезпечення ресурсу кромки КЗ на початкових етапах застосування САПР. Проведено експериментальне дослідження з визначення температурного стану поршня для дизеля 4ЧН12/14 в перехідних процесах дизеля. За даними дослідження визначені функції керування для кожного перехідного процесу. Запропоновано комплекс математичних моделей для визначення температурного та термонапруженого стану поршня в перехідних процесах дизеля. Для цього визначені рівняння функцій керування ГУ для ділянок першого та другого ПК. При спрощені ГУ достовірність результатів запропоновано встановлювати за показником відносного розрахункового збільшення ресурсу. За результатами досліджень встановлено вплив запізнення в часі ступінчастої зміни ГУ 3-го роду поршня в перехідному процесі дизеля на ресурсну міцність кромки КЗ. Означений захід дає змогу підвищити ефективність САПР на стаціонарних та нестаціонарних навантаженнях та при виконанні оцінки ресурсної міцності поршнів. Запропоновані нові конструкції поршнів з порожнинами масляного охолодження.Thesis for the science degree of the Candidate of technical sciences by specialіty 05.05.03 – engines and power plants. – National Technical University "Kharkov polytechnic institute", Kharkov, 2018. The thesis is devoted to modeling in CAD of non-stationary thermal stresses and resource durability of pistons of high-speed diesel engines. The dissertation is devoted to the modeling of non-stationary thermal loads and resource strength of high-speed diesels in CAD. It has been found that for modeling the thermal state of the piston in the transient processes diesel, it is necessary to use non-stationary models of operation. In this case, when the boundary conditions are imposed, it is necessary to have data on control functions that including the time of the transition process. The allowable simplifications of the border conditions problem in the characteristic zones of the piston in the calculations of the thermal and thermo-stressed state of the piston on the stationary and in the transient processes of the diesel load are determined. Their use allows to shorten the design time without violating the concept of guaranteed maintenance of the resource of the edge of the combustion chamber in the initial stages of CAD application. An experimental study was conducted to determine the thermal of a piston for a 4CHN12/14 diesel engine in transient diesel processes. According to the study, control functions are defined for each transient process. A complex of mathematical models for the determination of the thermal and thermo-stressed state of the piston in the transient processes of the diesel is proposed. With simplified border conditions, the reliability of the results proposed to set the indicator of the relative estimated increase in the resource. According to the results of the research, the effect of the shift in time of the step change of the BC of the 3rd kind of a piston in the transient process of the diesel engine on the resource strength of the edge of the combustion chamber is established. This measure allows to increase the efficiency of CAD on stationary and non-stationary loads and when performing the evaluation of the resource strength of the pistons. New designs of pistons with oil-cooling cavities are proposed.
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Grosse, Charlotte. "Development of innovative bio-based treatments for wood modification with bio-polyesters." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0213.
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La modification thermo-chimique est un procédé qui consiste à modifier la matière à cœur, avec pour objectif d’améliorer les propriétés du bois, en particulier la résistance fongique. Pour ce faire, conférer au bois un équilibre hygroscopique inférieur à la limite basse de développement des champignons est une approche qui permet en sus de limiter les variations dimensionnelles dues à l’humidité de l’air. Limiter les variations dimensionnelles augmente logiquement la durabilité des assemblages et des revêtements de surface, ce qui améliore encore les performances du matériau. Les constituants du bois possèdent des groupements hydroxyles qui rendent le matériau hydrophile. Les modifications thermochimiques envisagées dans ces travaux de recherche consistent principalement à limiter l’accès à ces groupements et/ou à réduire leur nombre, par imprégnation de monomères/oligomères bio-sourcés (oligomères d’acide lactique (OLA) ou de poly(butylène succinate) (OBS)) suivie de leur polymérisation in situ par traitement thermique. Le comportement hygroscopique du matériau, la persistance des oligomères dans le bois et la résistance biologique du bois traité sont les critères de sélection des traitements. Les traitements retenus conduisent à des matériaux ayant une meilleure stabilité dimensionnelle et une meilleure résistance biologique. Les potentielles applications de ces matériaux ont été évaluées après caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques, de l’adhésion des revêtements de surface et de la capacité de collage du bois traitéWood thermo-chemical modification process consists of permanent enhancement of wood properties in the core of the material. By decreasing wood equilibrium moisture content below the limit of fungi development, one could in addition reduce the dimensional variations due to humidity. A better dimensional stability of wood would be beneficial to durability of assemblies and surface coatings, further improving the performance of the material. Hydroxyl groups from wood polymers are responsible for the material hydrophilicity. The thermochemical modifications considered in this work mainly consist in limiting the access to these groups and / or reducing their number, by impregnation of bio-based monomers / oligomers (oligomers of lactic acid (OLA) or oligomers of butylene succinate (OBS)) followed by their in situ polymerisation by heat treatment. The hygroscopic behaviour of the material, the persistence of oligomers in the wood and the biological resistance of the treated wood are the criteria for the selection of treatments. The selected treatments lead to materials with enhanced dimensional stability and biological resistance. The potential applications of these materials have been evaluated after characterisation of mechanical properties, adhesion of the surface coatings and bonding capacity of the treated wood
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Williamson, Gregory Scott. "Investigation of Testing Methods to Determine Long-Term Durability of Wisconsin Aggregate Resources Including Natural Materials, Industrial By-Products, and Recycled/Reclaimed Materials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31822.
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The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) uses approximately 11,000,000 tons of aggregate per year for transportation projects. Being able to select durable aggregates for use in transportation projects is of considerable importance, if the aggregate deteriorates then the constructed facility requires premature repair, rehabilitation or replacement. Realizing the importance and also that deficiencies in the current WisDOT testing protocol may exist, it has been concluded that the durability-testing program for Wisconsin aggregates needs to be updated. For example, WisDOT is currently using the Sodium Sulfate Soundness Test (ASTM C 88) to measure durability, a test that was put in place in 1960. The ability of this test to predict durability performance and simulate field conditions is questionable and it has also been criticized for its lack of precision.
It should also be noted that the use of recycled and reclaimed aggregates has increased in recent years and not all typical durability tests can be used for testing these aggregates. The Sulfate Test in particular cannot be used for testing Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) because the chemical reaction produces erroneous and misleading results.
This project has identified recent advances in the understanding and testing of aggregate durability. An in depth literature review has been conducted and from the compiled information a laboratory testing program was developed. Selection of the tests was based upon the tests' precision, efficiency, and predictive capabilities. In the laboratory-testing phase of this project the proposed durability tests along with current WisDOT durability tests were used to evaluate the full range of Wisconsin aggregates.
From the test results it was found that the WisDOT aggregate testing protocol could be reduced substantially by eliminating many of the testing requirements for aggregates that have a vacuum saturated absorption of less than 2%. Also, the addition of several tests was ruled out due to their lack of correlation with field performance records. The Micro-Deval abrasion test is recommended for inclusion in WisDOT testing protocol as a test to measure the abrasion resistance of aggregate while the L.A. Abrasion test is better suited as a measure of aggregate strength. Additional conclusions were made based on the durability testing conducted and an overall testing protocol has been developed and is recommended for implementation by WisDOT.Master of Science
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Ramos, Manuel. "Bilevel optimization of Eco-Industrial parks for the design of sustainable resource networks." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18520/1/Ramos_Manuel.pdf.
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This work presents a bilevel programming framework for the design of sustainable resource networks in eco-industrial parks (EIP). First, multiobjective optimization methods are explored in order to manage the multi-criteria nature of EIP network design problems. Then, different case studies are modeled in order to minimize and maintain in equilibrium participating plants operating costs while minimizing resource consumption. Thus, the structure of the model is constituted by a bilevel programming framework where the enterprises’ plants play a Nash game between them while being in a Stackelberg game structure with the authority. This structure defines a model which, in order to be solved, has to be transformed into a MOPEC (Multiple Optimization Problems with Equilibrium Constraints) structure. Regarding the case studies, monocontaminant water networks in EIP are studied first, where the influence of plants operating parameters are studied in order to determine the most important ones to favor the symbiosis between plants. The water network is composed of a fixed number of process and water regeneration units where the maximal inlet and outlet contaminant concentrations are defined a priori. The aim is to determine which processes are interconnected and the water regeneration allocation. Obtained results highlight the benefits of the proposed model structure in comparison with traditional multiobjective approaches, by obtaining equilibrate different plants operating costs (i.e. gains between 12-25%) while maintaining an overall low resource consumption. Then, other case studies are approached by using the bilevel structure to include simultaneously energy networks in a multi-leader-multi-follower formulation where both environmental authorities are assumed to play a noncooperative Nash game. In the first case study, economic gain is proven to be more significant by including energy networks in the EIP structure. The second industrial case study explores a supply-demand utility network model where the environmental authority aims to minimize the total equivalent CO2 emissions in the EIP. In all cases, the enterprises’ plants are encouraged to participate in the EIP by the extremely favorable obtained results.
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Leal, Romain. "Instruments juridiques et gestion territoriale de l'eau : contribution à l'étude d'un modèle national d'administration des ressources aquatiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR119.
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Territoire uni par la diversité des ressources aquatiques la caractérisant, la traversant et l’enserrant, la France peut s’enorgueillir de bénéficier d’une Eau dont la disponibilité quantitative ne peut être contestée. D’un point de vue qualitatif, la multitude croissante des intérêts les enviant a été générée par un nombre certain d’utilités – individuelles et collectives – ayant nécessité que soit forgé un Modèle d’administration pour les encadrer tous. Dans le but d’appréhender avec le plus d’efficacité les dimensions sociales et économiques de l’Eau et des Milieux aquatiques, ce Modèle a internalisé non seulement le caractère durable de leur gestion mais également celui lié à l’équilibre. En recherchant l’articulation entre ces utilités et ces intérêts, ainsi que, par extension, celle des acteurs les portant, notre Modèle éprouvera sa résilience à l’aune de multiples chocs endogènes et exogènes. Profondément saisi par le marqueur territorial central et local, ce Modèle n’en a pas moins épousé la logiquejuridique tant dans son optique de prescription que de prestation. Lié, intimement, à ces différents axes matériels et immatériels, il s’est progressivement constitué tel un instrument de structuration des liens unissant les hommes, les territoires et les ressources aquatiques. Achoppé et érodé par les coups de boutoir successifs des nombreuses cristallisations de l’Utilitarisme, notre Modèle est en passe de réaffirmer la dimension holiste de l’Intérêt général lui ayant insufflé la vie afin d’armer ce régime juridique des ressources aquatiques face aux conflits internes et externes de l’Eau provenant du Passé, s’ancrant dans le Présent et se diversifiant dans le FuturTerritory united by the diversity of the aquatic resources characterizing it, crossing it and enclosing it, France can be proud to benefit from a Water whose quantitative availability cannot be disputed. From a qualitative point of view, the increasing interests for these environmental resources have been created by some utilities – individual and collective – that required the forging of a model of Administration in order to frame them all. In order to understand more effectively the social and the economic dimensions of Water and aquatic resources, this Model has internalized the sustainability of their management but, also the importance of their balance. By seeking the articulation between utilities and these interests, as well as, by extension, the actors carrying them, we focus our mind on the evolution of our Model when some of its basements are jeopardized. Deeply grasped by the central and the local territorial marker, this Model has been unified with a legal logic, both in terms of prescription andbenefit. Intimately connected to these several material and immaterial axis, our Model has progressively been constituted as a tool for structuring the bonds uniting people, territories and aquatic resources. Criticized and weathered by the successive crystallizations of Utilitarianism, our Model is about to reinforce the holistic dimension of the General Interest that has breathed life into it, in order to arm legal framework of aquatic resources against internal and external conflicts from the Past, the Present and the Future
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Trinh, Bich-Thuy. "Diversification des ressources du réseau d’eau non potable parisien : contribution à une gestion durable des ressources en eau." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1219/document.
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A l’échelle d’une agglomération, réfléchir à une gestion durable de l’eau amène à s’interroger sur les liens entre les usages et les ressources : quelle qualité de l’eau est nécessaire pour quels usages ? Le contexte parisien est un terrain propice pour mener ce type de réflexion, grâce à l’existence d’un RENP, datant de la fin du XIXe siècle. Alimenté par les eaux sommairement traitées de la Seine (20%) et du canal de l’Ourcq (80%), ce réseau sert principalement aux usages municipaux : nettoyage des trottoirs, curage des égouts, arrosage des espaces verts et alimentation des lacs artificiels. Un modèle alternatif de gestion de l’eau à l’échelle parisienne devient aujourd’hui possible grâce à la décision de la Ville de Paris en mars 2012 de maintenir et de réhabiliter son RENP. Cette décision a été confirmée par l’approbation par le Conseil de Paris en septembre 2015 du schéma directeur des usages et du réseau d’eau non potable de Paris, pour la période 2015-2020. L’entreprise publique Eau de Paris, responsable du service de l’eau à Paris, a pour mission de mettre en œuvre les décisions et les orientations de ce schéma directeur. Dans une logique de moindre pression sur la ressource naturelle, une évolution possible de la gestion du RENP est la diversification de ses ressources. Les ressources potentielles considérées sont les eaux d’exhaure, les eaux usées traitées, les eaux de pluie et les eaux de piscine. La recherche vise à étudier la question suivante : Comment et à quelle conditions l’alimentation du RENP peut être gérée de manière durable sur le territoire parisien ? Pour ce faire, on réalise d’abord un état des lieux de la situation actuelle, puis on identifie les ressources potentielles et les enjeux associés. Puis deux approches sont menées. La première approche consiste à définir plusieurs choix de répartition des ressources du RENP, appelés scenarii. Les scénarii sont évalués et comparés grâce à la construction d’indicateurs de performance. La deuxième approche consiste à caractériser les positions des acteurs par rapport à la diversification des ressources du RENP. La caractérisation des positions est réalisée grâce à la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs. Les résultats des deux approches sont enfin discutés. Les résultats de la recherche permettront de reposer la question du lien entre usages et qualité des eaux requise. Elle permettra de mettre en lumière les freins et les leviers pour la valorisation des ressources alternatives à l’eau potable. Enfin, elle alimentera les réflexions sur le statut même de l’eau potable dans un contexte de gestion durable de la ressourceAt the scale of a city, a sustainable water management raises questions about the links between uses and resources: what water quality is needed for what purpose? The Parisian context is a favourable ground for conducting such type of reflection thanks to the existence of a non-potable water network (RENP) dating from the late nineteenth century. The network is currently supplied by summarily filtrated water from the Seine river (20%) and the canal de l’Ourcql (80%). It is mainly used for municipal purposes: Parisian streets and sewers cleaning, water supply of artificial lakes and green areas watering. An alternative model of water management at Parisian scale is today possible thanks to the decision of the City of Paris in March 2012 to maintain and rehabilitate its RENP. This decision has been confirmed by the approval by the Council of Paris in September 2015 of the master plan of the RENP and its uses (“Schéma directeur des usages et du réseau d’eau non potable de Paris”) for the period of 2015-2020. The public company Eau de Paris, responsible for the water service in Paris, is mandated to implement the decisions and orientations of the master plan. In the context of pressure reduction on natural resources, one potential evolution of the RENP management is its resources diversification. The considered potential resources are mine water, treated wastewater, rain water and swimming pool water. The research raises the following question: How and under what conditions can the RENP supply be sustainably managed on the Parisian territory? In order to answer this question, one first carries out a description of the current situation, then one identifies the potential resources and the associated risen questions. Two approaches are proposed afterwards. The first approach involves the definition of several choices of RENP resource repartition, called scenarii. These scenarii are assessed and compared through performance indicators. The second approach consists of the characterization of the actors’ positions regarding the RENP resource diversification. The characterization of the positions is achieved through conducting semi-structured interviews. Results of both approaches are finally discussed.The results of the research will enable to re-examine the question of the relationship between the water uses and the required water quality. It will highlight the brakes and levers for the valorization of alternative resources to drinking water. It will enrich the reflections on the status of drinking water in the context of sustainable water management
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Pham, Duy Khanh. "Vers des modèles durables de transformation des systèmes d’élevage en Asie du Sud-Est : Application au cas du secteur laitier au Vietnam." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IAVF0015/document.
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Les exploitations laitières familiales sont confrontées à de nombreux défis pour durer, notamment dans le contexte d’un pays en transition comme le Vietnam, où les changements sont rapides. Afin de contribuer à la réflexion sur les modèles de fermes laitières à promouvoir (exploitations familiales ou grandes fermes), cette thèse a associé une analyse synchronique sur la diversité et la durabilité d’un large échantillon d’exploitations laitières et une analyse diachronique sur les trajectoires. 160 exploitations laitières ont été sélectionnées dans le District de Ba Vi situé en bordure de Hanoi, pour représenter la diversité des fermes présentes dans la zone. Des informations ont été recueillies lors d’entretiens directifs avec les éleveurs sur les divers types de capitaux disponibles sur l’exploitation, les pratiques d’élevage et de commercialisation du lait, et des indicateurs permettant d’évaluer les trois piliers de la durabilité. Une typologie des exploitations a été réalisée grâce à une Analyse Factorielle Multiple, basée sur la dotation en capitaux et sur les pratiques, suivie d’une classification ascendante hiérarchique. Dans une deuxième étape, une analyse des trajectoires de 25exploitations laitières, choisies à partir de l’échantillon large, et des facteurs internes et externes impactant ces évolutions, a été réalisée. En plus d’une ferme industrielle présente sur le district, 5 types d’exploitations laitières familiales ont été identifiées, qui se différencient surtout par le nombre d’activités agricoles et non agricoles pratiquées sur l’exploitation, la main-d’œuvre travaillant sur l’atelier laitier, et les équipements. Les indicateurs de performances des exploitations les plus intensives (spécialisées ou associant les cultures et l’élevage), révèlent une durabilité économique et sociale plus élevée que celle des exploitations de plus petites tailles et moins intensives. Cependant, les exploitations peu intensives ont également des atouts sur les plans économique (souplesse d’adaptation) et environnemental (autonomie fourragère), et elles présentent donc un intérêt pour le développement de la production laitière nationale. Quatre types de trajectoires des exploitations ont été identifiées, caractérisés par l’évolution du système d’activités agricoles au cours du temps, l’évolution de la taille de la production laitière, le niveau d’investissement dans le lait, l’évolution de la terre agricole et de la main-d’œuvre, les emprunts. Le maintien d’une diversité de modèles (méga fermes privées, fermes familiales spécialisées et de polyculture-élevage) semble à promouvoir, et la recherche de voies d’amélioration de leur durabilité doit être adaptée à chaque type. Des mesures politiques spécifiques pourraient être mises en place pour maintenir un tissu d’exploitations laitières diversesIn Vietnam, dairy farms are faced with numerous challenges in terms ofsustainability in a context of a rapid transition of the economy and ecosystems. The mainquestion is whether future models for dairy production should be based on family farming orlarge-scale production. As a contribution to the discussions, this thesis has combined asynchronic analysis on the diversity and sustainability of a large sample of dairy farms and adiachronic analysis of farm trajectories. One hundred and sixty dairy farms were selected inthe peri-urban district of Ba Vi, in Hanoi, to represent the diversity of farms in the area.Information was collected during structured interviews with dairy farmers with regard to thediverse types of capital available on the farm, husbandry practices, milk marketing and theindicators to assess the three pillars of sustainability. A farm typology was conducted using amultiple factor analysis, based on capital endowment and practices, followed by an ascendinghierarchical classification. In the second stage, a trajectory analysis was carried out on 25dairy farms, chosen from a broad sample, and on the internal and external factors thatinfluence change. In the district, one industrial farm, in addition to five types of family dairyfarms were identified. The difference between farms was primarily linked to the number offarming and non-farming activities on-farm, the labour involved in dairy processing and theequipment. The performance indicators for the most intensive farms (specialized or withmixed crop and livestock production), suggest that they are more economically and sociallyviable than smaller less intensive farms. However, less intensive farms also have economicand environmental advantages (ease of adaptation and self-sufficiency in fodder,respectively). Therefore, they have potential in terms of the development of national dairyproduction. We identified four types of trajectory, characterized by the evolution in thefarming system over time, the changes in the scale of dairy production, the level of investmentin milk, the evolution in farmland and labour, and loans. It is important to maintain diversemodels (private mega farms, specialized family farms and mixed crop and livestock).Research on how to improve sustainability should be adapted to each farm type. Selectedpolicies measures could be implemented to maintain a diverse fabric of dairy farms
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Muralidhara, Anitha. "Physico-chemical safety issues pertaining to biosourced furanics valorization with a focus on humins as biomass resource." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2508.
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Le travail de recherche présenté dans ce manuscrit fait partie intégrante d’un projet de recherche collaborative financé par l’Union-Européenne (Il s’agit d’un projet H2020 de type « Marie-Curie Action »), dénommé HUGS (pour « HUmins as Green and Sustainable precursors for eco-friendly building-blocks and materials »). Ce projet de recherche implique 5 partenaires (INERIS/UTC, France, Avantium, Pays-Bas, Université de Sophia Antipolis/CNRS, France, l’université de Cordoue, Espagne et le LIKAT de l’université de Rostock en Allemagne). La recherche menée dans ce projet est essentiellement structurée via la mise en place de 5 programmes sous-jacents de doctorat (intitulé « Doctorat industriel européen » dans l’appel d’offre H2020 (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015) auquel a répondu le consortium de recherche), mis en place lors du lancement du projet « HUGS » en 2016. L’objectif premier du projet HUGS concerne l’étude de divers chemins de valorisation à haute valeur ajoutée des humines. Ces résidus de biomasse, à l’instar des lignines se présentent comme des sources de carbone renouvelable à faible coût, en émergence dans nombre de bioraffineries modernes. Les humines sont des résidus complexes résultant du procédé de déshydratation par catalyse acide des polysaccharides (sucres en C5 et C6) contenus dans la biomasse lignocellulosique, ayant des cycles furaniques dans sa structure polymère. Le travail présenté ici est centré essentiellement sur les questionnements de sécurité soulevés par la phase de développement du projet. De manière plus ciblée, des actions prioritaires ont été définies, à savoir l’obtention d’un premier profilage des risques à caractère physicochimique des humines, ainsi qu’une première évaluation des risques des composés furaniques, lesquels constituent une famille de composés potentiellement très grande et représentent une voie encourageante vers le développement de nouveaux synthons au service d’une économie biosourcée. Les humines étant des résidus fatals, leur réutilisation sure et durable constitue aussi une étape stratégique dans le contexte de l’économie circulaire. De manière opérationnelle, le travail a compris les principaux axes de recherche suivants : • Revue bibliographique continue tout au long du travail de thèse concernant les humines, les composés furaniques et les matériaux associés (polymères) en termes de données relatives à la sécurité et ayant conduit aux principales informations suivantes: o Rareté /absence d’études sur les dangers physiques des humines et nombres de composés furaniques, car ces produits sont souvent au premier stade de leur développement o Malgré une la disponibilité très limitée de données pertinentes sur la sécurité, le constat est fait que les aspects de toxicité (par ingestion) sont le plus souvent le point focal des études, au détriment de l’examen des dangers physiques.o Seuls quelques composés furaniques (ethers, esters) ont spécifiquement fait l’objet de l’étude de certaines caractérisations en lien avec la sécurité (par exemple en termes de stabilité thermique), dans le cas d’application comme composants biosourcés de carburants innovants o De nombreuses variables influent sur les caractéristiques des humines et notamment leur méthode de production : ce qui signifie que les résultats obtenus sur les humines dans le cadre de ce projet (une seule source d’approvisionnement) mériteraient des travaux de consolidation dans le futur • Développements analytiques intégrant un premier examen de la distribution des points d’éclair en fonction des chaleurs de combustion des composés furaniques et une analyse des chaleurs de combustion de ces mêmes composés furaniquesThe present research work was integrated as part of the EU-funded project named HUGS (HUmins as Green and Sustainable precursors for eco-friendly building blocks and materials), involving 5 main partners (Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques - France, Avantium - the Netherlands, Institut de Chimie de Nice - France, Universidad De Cordoba- Spain and Leibniz - Institut Fur Katalyse Ev An Der Universitat Rostock- Germany). The project is essentially supported through five European Industrial Doctorate fellowships put in place when the HUGS-MSCA-ITN-2015 program was launched in 2016. The primary objective of the HUGS project was to explore several valorization pathways of so-called “humins” in order to add value and create better business cases. Humins (and similarly lignins) are the side products that may become low-cost feedstock resulting from a number of future biorefineries and sugar conversion processes. Humins are complex residues resulting from the Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration and condensation of sugars, having furan-rings in their polymeric structures. The work presented in this specific part of the HUGS project is essentially focusing on safety-related topics of all components and subsequent applications related to sugar dehydration technology. Priority actions were devoted to a first insight on the characterization of physicochemical safety profiles of the side-product humins and main (parent) furanic products. Some members of this large family of compounds (e.g. RMF and FDCA) have high volume potential which results in opening new doors towards the development of furanbased building blocks and a bio-based economy. Humins are residues or side products which can be burnt for energy. However, its safe and sustainable use in high-value applications could also become a key milestone in the so-called circular economy. In practice, the work has been developed in two main locations: primarily at the INERIS lab, located in Verneuil-en-Halatte and at Avantium, located in Amsterdam. Nearly all experimental research after the production of the components at Avantium was performed at INERIS. This involved the evaluation of physicochemical hazards of both humins (crude industrial humins and humin foams obtained by thermal curing) and a series of furanic compounds. Avantium is involved in the commercialization of humins, furanics and furanic polymers/materials as novel chemicals and materials. The work has encompassed: An extensive bibliographical review of humins, furanics, and their related products (polymers, composites) resulted in the following main conclusions o A lack of physicochemical safety-oriented studies for many furanic compounds and for humins was observed as these products are still in the early stage of development and only a few may be commercialized in the next 5 years.o Despite the limited availability of safety-related data, more studies on toxicity aspects have been conducted for a selected number of furanics than physicochemical safety-related aspects. o A few furanic family members that have been evaluated as biofuel components were found to have given better emphasis on addressing some physicochemical safety attributes. o Every modification of the process for acid-catalyzed sugar dehydration (such as solvent, temperature, residence time and sugar concentration) will result in different humins, which would certainly demand further characterization and safety profiling of the resulting humins. • Analytical development integrating the first examination of flash point distribution versus the Net Heating Values, and analysis of total heats of combustion of furanic compounds. • Design and development of experimental plan addressing the safety-related key parameters such as thermal stability, self-heating risks, fire-risk-assessment and flammability limits depending on the need for specific tests and availability of the test samples
Books on the topic "Resource durability"
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Weyers, Richard E. Testing methods to determine long term durability of Wisconsin aggregate resources. Madison, WI]: Wisconsin Highway Research Program, 2005.
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Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way. Durable Authoritarianism. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.12.
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Recent studies of authoritarian durability highlight the role of institutions, particularly ruling parties. Yet party-based regimes vary markedly in their durability. Efforts to explain this variation have led scholars to examine the historical roots of strong authoritarian institutions. Drawing on recent historical institutionalist research, this chapter argues that robust authoritarian institutions frequently emerge out of periods of violent conflict. The chapter identifies two paths to durable authoritarianism: (1) arevolutionarypath, in which disciplined liberation parties build (and penetrate) their own coercive apparatus and destroy the social and institutional bases for future opposition; and (2) acounter-revolutionarypath, in which elites threatened by radical insurgencies agree to “protection pacts” that endow emerging autocrats with the authority and resources to build powerful party and coercive structures. The chapter also examines mechanisms of authoritarian reproduction, arguing that a challenge for historical institutionalism lies in identifying the conditions under which founding legacies end.
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Minow, Martha. Saving the News. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948412.001.0001.
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This book argues that US democracy presumes a news industry but that industry currently is failing. It focuses on the contributions of digital platforms and legal rules to the current situation and on the government's responsibilities for alleviating the problem. As the book shows, the First Amendment of the US Constitution assumes the existence and durability of a private industry. Despite some concerns that government action now is not permitted, nothing in the Constitution forecloses government action to regulate concentrated economic power, to require disclosure of who is financing communications, or to support news initiatives where there are market failures. Moreover, the federal government always been involved in shaping the media environment; it has contributed financial resources, laws, and regulations to develop and shape media in the United States. The government has subsidized development of the internet and crafted legal immunities for digital platforms; the government has crafted the direction and contours of America's media ecosystem. The shift of people’s attention to media platforms that borrow news stories without paying for them and spread misinformation jeopardizes journalism, reliable news sources, and the very respect for truth-telling. To maintain government accountability and inform a public as required in a democracy, The book outlines an array of reforms, including a new fairness doctrine, regulating digital platforms as public utilities, using antitrust authority to regulate the media, policing fraud, and more robust funding of public media. As the text stresses, such reforms are not merely plausible ideas; they are the kinds of initiatives needed if the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of the press continues to hold meaning in the twenty-first century.
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Environment Health And Sustainable Development. Hogrefe Pub., 2010.
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Verhoef, Peter N. W., and Alexander R. G. van de Wall. "Application of petrography in durability assessment of rock construction materials." In Aggregate Resources, 307–30. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077954-20.
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Iojă, Cristian, Mihai Răzvan Niţă, and Ileana Georgeta Stupariu. "Resource Conservation." In E-Innovation for Sustainable Development of Rural Resources During Global Economic Crisis, 80–97. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4550-9.ch008.
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Rural areas represent key spaces at European level from the perspective of the society’s sustainability. They represent spaces for the re-equilibration of strongly human modified societies and need to be prioritised by future political programs. Rural areas have an essential role in maintaining the integrity of natural and semi-natural ecosystems, in the preservation of key natural resources, the conservation of genetic resources, supplying a reserve of healthy areas, maintaining traditions and habits, assuring the demographical equilibrium or the alimentary security of Europe. The detailed knowledge of the processes and phenomenon specific to rural areas represent a priority of European and national sustainable development strategies. For this purpose, databases such as Corine Land Cover, EUNIS, EEA, IRENA, Eurostat, and IUCN become essential tools for the spatial implementation of this concept. They present an important background for the numerous instruments of sustaining the durability of European rural environments, such as the Natura 2000 network, Landscape European Convention, Common Agricultural Policy, different financing instruments (Interreg, Leader, Life Nature), and the green economy concept.
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Frank, Lars, and Rasmus Ulslev Pedersen. "Architecture for Integration and Migration of Information Systems by Using SOA Services across Heterogeneous System Boundaries." In Enterprise Resource Planning, 314–28. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4153-2.ch019.
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The objective of this chapter is to describe how it is possible to integrate and/or migrate information system where local heterogeneous databases are involved. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems are very complex standardized information systems, and they are often vital for the companies that use them. Therefore, the authors use integration and migration of ERP systems as an example. Normally, ERP systems are migrated/converted overnight as it normally is not possible to integrate different ERP modules from different ERP suppliers. This is very risky as many types of industries cannot function without a running ERP system. The main focus of this chapter is to illustrate how it is possible to migrate/convert an ERP system module by module and thus minimizing the risk of staying without a functioning ERP system. In central databases, the consistency of data is normally implemented by using the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability) properties of a DBMS (Data Base Management System). This is not possible if heterogeneous databases are involved and the availability of data also has to be optimized. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors use so called relaxed ACID properties across different database systems or ERP modules. The objective of designing relaxed ACID properties across different database systems is that the users can trust the data they use even if the involved database temporarily are inconsistent.
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Layne, Christopher M., and Stevan Hobfoll. "Understanding Post-Traumatic Adjustment Trajectories in School-Age Youth." In Supporting and Educating Traumatized Students, edited by Eric Rossen, 75–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190052737.003.0005.
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Children and adolescents experience a wide range of reactions to trauma and loss, which can change over time and across development. Accurately recognizing and describing how youth are responding to life adversities is a key step in creating a trauma-informed school. Drawing on various theories, the authors propose 10 trajectories of post-traumatic adjustment. These consist of four trajectories of positive adjustment (stress resistance, resilient recovery, delayed recovery, and growth) and six trajectories of generally maladaptive adjustment (decline, delayed decline [sleeper effects], distress tolerance, phasic adjustment, severe decline, and chronic maladaptive functioning). The authors then describe key propositions of conservation of resource theory and propose how different resource qualities (e.g., potency, durability, accessibility) can contribute to different adjustment trajectories. They then consider how to use these resource qualities as a problem-solving tool for intervention planning and, more broadly, to help create school environments that steer children and adolescents towards positive post-traumatic adjustment trajectories, including stress resistance, resilient recovery, and growth.
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Emre Ilgın, Hüseyin, Markku Karjalainen, Olli-Paavo Koponen, and Anu Soikkeli. "A Study on Contractors’ Perception of Using Wood for Construction." In Engineered Wood Products for Construction [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103168.
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Construction work is very resource-intensive, and construction projects contain many parameters, in which the choice of building material is one of the critical decisions with numerous criteria, e.g., cost, durability, and environmental impact. Moreover, this complex process includes different parties such as contractors, architects, engineers, where contractors are the most influential decision-makers in material selection. Increasing the use of renewable materials such as wood, which is a technically, economically, and environmentally viable alternative in buildings, can make construction more sustainable. The perceptions of the contractors influence what they propose and therefore the increase in wood construction. With the increasing resource efficiency and the need to adapt to climate change in the construction industry, there is need for contractors to implement sustainable practices. In this chapter, contractors’ perceptions of the use of wood in buildings were examined. The results are expected to contribute to environmental remediation by developing strategies to counter perceived barriers and providing insight into new solutions to a conservative space and expanding the use of wood to achieve a more sustainable construction industry. In addition, recommendations for future research, e.g., adhesive- and metal-fastener-free dovetail wood board elements as sustainable material alternatives were presented.
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Forestal, Jennifer. "Sustaining Democracy." In Designing for Democracy, 65–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568750.003.0003.
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Democratic spaces must also be durable. Durable spaces facilitate our attachments to our communities and to other members; they help us sustain communities. Chapter 3 draws from Alexis de Tocqueville’s writing on democracy to explain how the durability of the built environment can be a powerful resource for generating the attachments that sustain democratic communities by (1) continually reminding citizens of their social obligations and (2) facilitating repeated interactions between citizens. The chapter then turns to the example of Twitter—particularly the mechanism of hashtags—to explore these dynamics in a digital environment. Hashtags provide temporary boundaries that are useful for mobilizing, but not sustaining, communities of interest; as a result, Twitter is not a platform well suited for cultivating the attachments required for longer-term cooperative activity. The chapter concludes with suggestions as to how we might design more durable spaces—and sustainable communities—in digital environments.
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van der Klink, Marcel, Kathleen Schlusmans, and Jo Boon. "Designing and Implementing Views on Competencies." In Competencies in Organizational E-Learning, 221–33. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-343-2.ch010.
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In education as well as in Human Resource Management the concept of competency is becoming more and more important. However competency is a fuzzy concept that lacks coherent terminology and is used in many different meanings. In the first part of this chapter competency is defined as a multi-dimensional construct with five dimensions: specificity, coherency, durability, activity and trainability. Then two approaches are presented to establish the competencies organisations or educational institutes should address :the function-based approach which focuses requirements for good performance in a specific function and the employee based approach which focuses on individual competencies for excellent performers. Finally it is argued that a competency based curriculum should move towards self-directed competency-based learning (SDCBL), using personal learning plans and adopting the flexible learning opportunities of e-learning. However SDCBL can only be successful when learners can be taught to be responsible managers and owners of their own learning process.
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Hass, Jeffrey K. "Durability of Class." In Wartime Suffering and Survival, 180–222. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514276.003.0006.
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Class figured prominently in the Blockade, as unequal distribution of resources, and as differing perceptions and practices. Intelligentsia, a professional culture-producing class (artists, writers, professors), saw themselves as gatekeepers of ethics and culture. They used networks to plead for meager extra food, but they were loath to admit doing so. In contrast, intelligenty criticized the rynok in moral terms and tried to avoid using it. Blue-collar workers grounded status and identity in physical labor, socialism, and pragmatism. They chafed at superiors’ privileges, which reinforced class identity. In contrast, they were less reluctant to use the rynok pragmatically (although they could be critical). Managers were instrumentally rational. They enjoyed privileges and were almost silent about using networks for food. They used managerial paternalism to ground authority, including shadow practices to help employees survive. Managers sometimes used the rynok for gain. In sum, class mattered as habits and differential relations to food.
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Tacoma, Laurens E. "Draining Resources." In Roman Political Culture, 195–228. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850809.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses the sixth characteristic of Roman political culture: ambiguity in the agency of benefactions. It is analysed on the basis of a small dossier concerning a drainage project carried out in the reign of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic. Members of the elite were supposed to engage voluntarily in benefactions that were directed at the wider community. In reality social expectations were very strong. The Roman period of single rule altered the dynamic of the benefactions. Although they remained an integral part of the internal competition within the elite, in larger projects the ruler became a primary point of reference. Given the tension between voluntary and forced behaviour, the ruler’s role was ambiguous: was he the actual initiator of benefactions that were in reality state ventures, or merely offering approbation to private initiative? The agency in benefactions had never been completely clear, but benefactions could now be used by both ruler and elite to construe a relation between the two parties. The drainage project discussed in this chapter occurred under Ostrogothic rule. It not only shows the durability of Roman modes of behaviour, but precisely because engaging in benefactions offered a type of discourse that had proven to be successful over several centuries, it lent itself to adaptation to changing situations. The language of benefaction offered common ground to ruler and senate, and at the same time allowed both parties to position themselves as the embodiment of Roman values in a radically changed society.
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Guzmán, Alberto Marcelo, Noemí Graciela Maldonado, and Graciela Affranchino. "Comprehensive Evaluation for Mortars and Concretes Incorporating Wastes." In Reusable and Sustainable Building Materials in Modern Architecture, 108–36. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6995-4.ch006.
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Sustainability is concerned with the most efficient use of resources where the residues play an essential role. Trends in concrete technology include natural or artificial additions and additives in order to reduce the consumption of cement. The characterization of the wastes is of great importance with respect to the amount that must be incorporated into the matrices of construction materials both for its economic and engineering impacts (strength and durability). The authors study the impact in strength, durability, and sustainability of the use of finely ground waste of ferroalloys in concrete. The behavior of durability of sustainable concrete also is evaluated. The proportioning between traditional materials and these additions involves preliminary tests on pastes and mortars. Also, they study the impact of the use of different plastic wastes (polyethylene) in different percentages. They evaluated consistency, compressive strength, suction capability, and leaching.
Conference papers on the topic "Resource durability"
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Volkov, S. S., and V. V. Struzhanov. "Fatigue durability under random cyclic loading." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2017): Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5017410.
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Mironov, V. I., D. A. Ogorelkov, and V. V. Yakovlev. "Influence of structural damping on the durability of a crane metal construction." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084498.
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Mironov, V. I., O. A. Lukashuk, and D. A. Ogorelkov. "Estimation of metallic structure durability for a known law of stress variation." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2017): Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5017387.
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Emelyanov, I. G., V. I. Mironov, and A. V. Kuznetsov. "Durability of a locomotive cab at a railway crossing calculated with the estimation of the obstacle parameters." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084456.
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Lieboldt, Matthias, Wiebke Seifert, and Matthias Tietze. "Resource consumption in construction as a global challenge." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0992.
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<p>The construction industry plays a central role in the design of our environment. Global population growth is associated with an increase in material resource consumption and CO2 emissions. Sustainable ideas and developments to reduce the need for resources and CO2 emissions as well as to increase the service life of buildings are becoming more important. Carbon Concrete Composite – C³ is made of a high-tensile reinforcement with carbon fibers and concrete is particularly convincing due to its high durability and long service life. In practice, its suitability has already been proven in numerous projects, so that carbon reinforced concrete is an integral part of research and application. The selected example illustrates the potential of carbon concrete construction. For this purpose, a material-related and systemic comparison of steel and carbon reinforced concrete is carried out using the example of a carbon reinforced concrete bridge.</p>
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Buryakova, A., Tamara Storodubtseva, and Anna Korotkaya. "RESEARCH OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS OF WOOD WASTE BASING ON DIFFERENT MODIFIERS." In Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_32-36.
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Wood has always been one of the most important building materials for humanity. People built their homes, created tools using wood species, and considered it to be a unique a material, that can be used in different spheres of their life. But wood has it drawbacks, such as flammability, water permeability and also law solidity (if we are studying deciduous species). At the beginning of XXI century, human began to think about improving wood, because it is one of building materials, that is renewable. In such way it began to appear newest ways to improve wood, and created material, that had unique properties, such as high density, fire-, water- and chemical resistance, and also durability.
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Yakovleva, S. P., P. P. Sharin, and M. P. Akimova. "Design of a multilevel structure of diamond-matrix interface boundaries and its role in increasing the durability of diamond/hard-alloy composites." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5084541.
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Dementyev, V. B., and A. D. Zasypkin. "On the influence of the hardened layer of the inner surface and its roughness on the durability of hollow shafts and axles from hot-rolled tube shells." In MECHANICS, RESOURCE AND DIAGNOSTICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (MRDMS-2019): Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mechanics, Resource and Diagnostics of Materials and Structures. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135128.
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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, and Atul Dhar. "Experimental Investigations of Engine Durability and Lubricating Oil Properties of Jatropha Oil Blends Fuelled DI Diesel Engine." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2009-14116.
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Current demand of transport fuel requires exploring every possible plant resource of engine fuel which can deliver satisfactory performance, emission, combustion and engine durability. Blending smaller quantity of Jatropha oil with mineral diesel is one of the simplest alternatives which can be put into application from technical and availability perspective. High viscosity of Jatropha oil (vegetable oil) comes into acceptable range upon blending with mineral diesel upto 20% (v/v). After ensuring satisfactory performance, emission and combustion characteristics, engines were subjected to long-term endurance test of 512 hour for comparing long-term performance of J5 and J10 blends vis-a`-vis mineral diesel, in the present experimental investigation. In the long-term endurance test, the effect of use of Jatropha oil blends on wear of various engine parts and lubricating vis-a`-vis mineral diesel were evaluated. The deposits on the vital engine parts were found to be slightly higher on J10 fuelled engine while it was comparable to mineral diesel for J5 fuelled engine. The piston rating carried out on the pistons of the three engines reflected that the J5 fuelled engines demonstrated reasonable long-term performance in comparison to mineral diesel fuelled engine while performance of J10 fuelled engine was slightly inferior. J5 and J10 fuelled engine’s lubricating oil shows higher reduction in lubricating oil viscosity and flash point compared to mineral diesel, thus indicating possibly higher fuel dilution. Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn wear metal debris in the lubricating oil are lower for J5 and J10 compared to mineral diesel engine’s lubricating oil however Al content in the lubricating oil is slightly higher for J5 and J10 compared to mineral diesel engine’s lubricating oil. Physical wear measurement of vital engine parts indicate relatively higher wear of liner bore, piston rings and big end bearing for J5 and J10 fuelled engine while wear of valve mounting, piston, gudgeon pin, crank pin was found to be relatively lower than mineral diesel fuelled engine. It was found that the wear of J5 engine liners is higher compared to mineral diesel fuelled engine. However wear of J10 fuelled engine liner is found to be relatively lower compared to mineral diesel fuelled engine.
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Rafique, Muhammad M., Graham Nathan, and Woei Saw. "Uncertainty in Predicting the Start-Up Time and Losses for a High Temperature Particle Receiver due to Solar Resource Variability." In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1649.
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Abstract In this paper, the effect of solar resource variability has been assessed on the start-up time and different heat transfer phenomena associated with a high temperature particle receiver. The receiver analyzed in this study has a cylindrical cavity made of three different layers in order to have good absorption, higher durability and lower thermal heat losses. A detailed transient mathematical model is developed, considering the input solar energy to the receiver aperture and all heat losses from the receiver cavity. The developed transient model is employed to study the time required to achieve a receiver start-up temperature from room temperature to 1000°C, under steady-state and transient operation, for the climatic conditions of Pinjarra, Australia. Furthermore, the total energy gain by the receiver and associated heat losses including re-radiation, convection, and conduction have been accounted for, with and without considering the solar resource variability. The results revealed that an uncertainty of about 40% exists in the prediction of the receiver start-up time and associated heat losses during the start-up period under steady state operation, with a constant input heat flux. This uncertainty in the prediction of the receiver start-up time and losses will directly affect the overall performance and design of the receiver, which will result in unscheduled disruption of the industrial process. This indicates a need to analyse the performance of high temperature particle receivers under transient conditions, considering the solar resource variability for practical implementation of this technology to different processes. This will help to investigate better control strategies for the inflow of particles, based on the real-time climatic conditions, to achieve better thermal performance.