Dissertations / Theses: 'Resource Dependency Theory'

1

Kim, Inho, and n/a. "Press treatment of Korean chaebols 1989-1993." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060810.102157.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyses press treatment of the Korean chaebols from 1989 to 1993. A review of the scholarly literature found that the chaebols were very powerful, but were widely disliked and distrusted by members of the Korean public. As well as controlling many Korean businesses, the chaebols influence the media industries through direct and indirect control. With such influence, and their effort to improve their image after the Seoul Olympics, the researcher expected rather favourable images to be reported in the selected press. A total of seven foreign and domestic newspapers and magazines were selected for the study, which represented various ownership and readership characteristics. Hypotheses were established on the basis of the evidence in Chapters 1 and 2 of the power of the chaebols, and of their recent concern to improve their public images. Quantitative content analysis was then used to investigate significant differences in each selected source in relation to the resource dependencies of the selected newspapers and magazines. Each source was compared and analysed to investigate its distinctiveness and their dependencies due to limited resources. Also, some qualitative content analysis was incorporated to further investigate the ways the Korean chaebols were reported. The research found that rather unfavourable images of the chaebols were often reported in the press, both Korean and overseas. They were favourably described as a contributor in developing in the Korean economy, but were unfavourably described as socially destructive. Our results often contradicted our hypotheses. Also, some significant difference and similarities of reports about chaebols were found especially between the Korean and non-Korean press. The more complex situation revealed by our results was addressed using Turow's(1984) Resource Dependency Theory. Overall, the study supported the more complex picture put forward by the Resource Dependency Theory rather than the somewhat simplistic view that sees ownership as the main influence on media outlets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Keeney, Katherine Preston. "Encouraging the Arts through Higher Education Institutions: Arts Policy Implementation in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48122.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation investigates the role of public higher education institutions in state-level arts policy in the state of Virginia. The strength of public support for the arts historically has been measured by per capita arts spending, as determined by appropriations to state arts agencies. However, this is a very thin measure that misses an increasingly important contributor to the arts policy landscape - higher education institutions. As direct sources of funding for the arts decline, universities increasingly are contributing to the state arts landscape with the construction and operation of performing arts centers. Framed by resource dependency theory and rational choice institutionalism, this research sheds light on the motivations of actors contributing to the arts policy field in a resource-scarce environment. Evidence suggests that public higher education institutions invest in the co-curricular arts to capitalize on and acquire resources, including image and prestige, and to fulfill their public service missions. Although higher education institution performing arts centers are contributing to the state's arts landscape, they are only informally participating in arts policy formulation and implementation. These findings have financial and decision-making implications for arts policymakers, university administrators, and arts agencies as the inclusion of public higher education institutions in the arts policy field affords new opportunities and challenges for the state encouragement of the arts.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Norgren, Hanna, and Emmelie Viklund. "Board of directors in small firms : An exploratory study on small business owners in Västerbotten’sperception of the role of the board, board composition and its impact onfirm performance." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106534.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines small business owners at small firms in Västerbotten’s perception on board composition, board diversity and the role of the board together with its impact on firm performance. We were interested in knowing what kind of characteristics these firms are looking for in their board composition and explore their attitudes towards their choice ofinside or outside directors, and also the impact of homogeneity and heterogeneity in theboard. Further, we wanted to examine the general role of the board in small firms and get insight on whether the small business owners believe this had any impact on firm performance or not. The subject of board of directors can be found within the field of corporate governance, in which it has a central role. Existing literature on the subject left a gap of knowledge on board of directors in small firms, from which the opportunity of research was found. Since a vast amount of firms on the Swedish market are small firms, this subject is of significant meaning for understanding and gaining insight into how small business owners in these firms view the board of directors. To get a deeper view into the subject we explored if any differences were detectable between three different industries, and the selected industries were; IT, transportation and construction. This qualitative study was conducted by using a semi-structured interview technique. The objectives of having a qualitative study was to obtain in-depth understandings and perceptions from the participants in order to answer our research questions; What kind of characteristics are small business owners looking for when selecting new board members, what type of different resources can different types of directors bring, and what impact do small business owners believe this has on firms’ performance? The findings from this study revealed that small business owners at small firms in Västerbotten did not value and use the board in the same extent as larger firms had been found to do in other empirical studies. However, indications were found among our sample that small firms in the IT industry uses their boards in another way than other firms do. Moreover, it was of common occurrence that small firms only have one singe director on their boards both due to that they have a board solely due to legal reasons and also due to that the owners, which is also the directors in these firms, does not want to reduce their level of control over the firm. Overall, the impression from the participants’ perceptions and views were that the board was not used in the way it could be and that for many small firms the costof recruiting more directors is too high.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hoffmann, Scott L. "Application of Resiliency Theory and Adaptive Cycles as a Framework for Evaluating Change in Amenity-Transition Communities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/57.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent decades, many rural, natural resource-dependent communities have experienced ubiquitous and oftentimes substantial economic decline due to downturns in their commodity-oriented industries. In spite of this, communities with access to varying forms of natural capital have experienced an upsurge in activities such as recreation,tourism, second home growth, and retirement in-migration. If managed properly, amenity-oriented development has potential to reverse economic decline by attracting tourists, entrepreneurs, younger and more educated workers, and retirees, and may ultimately generate economic diversification, local growth, and an improved quality of life for residents. While there are literally thousands of potential measures of well-being, this study aimed to identify potential indicators of amenity-transition by examining community social and economic capital. To examine such a complex social and economic transition, these indicators were coupled with indicators from the tourism and amenity-development literature, and linked to concepts from Resiliency Theory from the ecosystem science literature, in a longitudinal study of amenity transition communities in the Pacific Northwest. Results focus on measures of social organization and economic sustainability in three study communities: McCall, ID; Leavenworth, WA; and Prineville, OR. Key informant interviews and historical documents were used to develop adaptive curves for each community, and to help evaluate the concepts and indicator variables that contribute to community resilience and adaptability. Secondary indicator data serve as a quantitative linkage between Social Capital and Resiliency Theories and the adaptive phases communities may experience throughout this transition. The results identify key historical periods for each community as residents adapt to economic and social change. Using key informant interviews coupled with secondary data provided a clearer picture of how each community has transformed and redefined itself throughout transition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Dunert, Sofie, and Patrik Westerling. "Outsourcing and Sustained Competitive Advantage : How do Swedish technical production firms in a competitive environment and high technical uncertainty find the right balance between outsourcing and in-house development that enhances their sustainable competitive advantage when they outsource their Research & Development externally?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5299.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this thesis is to find out when Research and Development (R&D) becomes a suitable attribute for a production company to outsource. In an environment where innovations are following up quickly up and uncertainty about the type of innovation and customer is a fact, external sourcing can bring a competitive advantage. The empirical evidence shows that when R&D is outsourced the total cost does not increase at a due cause of outsourcing in this given study.

Although a lot of theory explains outsourcing as a cost increasing factor, the internal experience and frequent relation between the technical production company Beta and its R&D vendor company Alfa can decrease costs considerably due to lower communication and governance costs. This was not explicitly expressed in related theory and is therefore a contribution to the academia as well as for managers who seek to find an answer to the question of when to outsource and when not to outsource.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Appiah, Kingsley O. "Corporate governance and corporate failure : evidence from listed UK firms." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13576.

Full text

Abstract:

This study is motivated by the numerous reforms to strengthen the efficacy of corporate boards and their oversight committees, in the wake of high profile corporate failures. The empirical question, however, is whether recent proposals would enhance board and their committee effectiveness and in this way, reduce the likelihood of firm`s failure. This study examines whether the composition, structure and functions of corporate boards and their interactions are related to the probability of corporate failure. Prior studies employ agency and resource dependency theories in isolation as theoretical lenses. This study, however, employs these aforementioned theories as theoretical lenses and argues that the board control and resource function affects the relationship between corporate board attributes and corporate failure. This study examines a sample of 358 UK listed firms, consisting of 95 failed firms and 263 non-failed firms during the period 1999-2011. This study also uses a unique hand-collected data set that measures the corporate governance attributes and functions of these 358 firms over a period of five years preceding failure or otherwise, resulting in 1748 firm-years observations. This study reveals that the probability of failure is lower in firms with large board size, former government officials, independent remuneration committee chairman and greater proportion of outside directors as well as effective audit and remuneration committees. This study also finds that the prospect of corporate failure is higher in firms with less than three independent NEDs on both the audit and nomination committees, without audit committee and where audit committee has no one with financial expertise. The results, however, suggest that the possibility of corporate failure is higher in firms whose boards have a female director and where the nomination committee meets often or where its membership is exclusively preserved for independent NEDs. On the interaction effects, the results show that frequency of board meetings as well as its interactions with presence of female directors, audit and remuneration committees effectiveness are positively related to the probability of corporate failure. The results also indicate that a number of interactions between corporate board attributes and functions are unrelated to the likelihood of corporate failure. These include the interactions between board composition measures (i.e. proportion of outside directors, presence of female directors and board size) and the board resource proxy (i.e. former government official). These associations, especially remuneration committee effectiveness, remuneration committee chairman independence, firm size and profitability, are not only statistically and economically significant but also robust to different specifications. Further, the Receiver Operating Curves indicate that the impact of corporate governance measures after controlling for firm size, liquidity, profitability, age, industry effects, and leverage is more profound in two years preceding failure. The implication of this is that corporate governance mechanisms alone are insufficient to rescue the firm on the verge of collapse. The findings are consistent with the idea that failing firms decline in size, managerial performance, corporate board attributes as well as their board`s ability to discharge it`s monitoring and resource roles. This study adds to the debate on the impact of corporate governance on corporate failure by developing, analysing and testing a robust UK corporate failure prediction model which is underpinned by a multi-theoretical framework: agency and resource dependency theories. This study also offers several recommendations for policy makers and firm-level corporate governance strategies in the mix of the numerous corporate governance reforms worldwide, this in particular makes this study unique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Johnsson, Victoria. "Shirts, Skirts and Financial Performance : A study of the business case for gender diversity in Swedish and Danish corporation boards." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-34766.

Full text

Abstract:

Problem: Companies need to maintain a competitive position in the market to financially perform, and in order to do so, the companies need to have a good corporate governance structure. In the latter years, the ethical discussion about gender diversity has gained a lot of attention in society, which influence norms, standards and legislations, and also the business. Today, Swedish and Danish firms are obligated to strive for gender diversity in their corporate boards according to the corporate governance codes in the respective countries. However, the financial aspects should be taken into concern, since a company needs to financially perform to keep its operations. It is not established whether an increased gender diversity is related to financial performance, since studies on the field are contradictive. Due to the different results, it is interesting to see what the relationship looks like in the Nordic countries, especially in Sweden and Denmark where quota-based legislation has not yet been established. This thesis investigates the issue to provide evidence for the companies in similar countries if an increased gender diversity is financially supportable. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the gender diversity in the board of directors and its relationship with the financial performance of a corporation. Further, the study will investigate the financial performance dependency on the gender diversity in the board of directors. Method: A sample of 104 Swedish and Danish companies was chosen as observation objects. To investigate the relationship between the gender diversity and the financial performance, a Pearson correlation analysis was made. To identify the financial performance dependency on the gender diversity regression analyses were performed. Hypotheses that were built on agency theory, resource dependency theory, upper echelons theory and previous research were tested in the statistical analyses. Results: The statistical analyses show that there is no statistically significant relationship between gender diversity and financial performance, neither that the financial performance is dependent on the gender diversity. This evidence implies that increased gender diversity in board rooms should be motivated for other reasons than strictly financial success. Companies should consider these findings in the attaining process of directors and focus on other factors than financial progress in the proceeding involvement of women in the board. Thus, a company cannot increase its financial performance only by attaining more women to the board room.
Problem: För att prestera finansiellt behöver företag bibehålla konkurrenskraft, och för att göra det är företagsledningen viktig. På senare tid, har den etiska diskussionen kring könsdiversitet fått stor uppmärksamhet i samhället, vilket påverkar normer, standarder och lagstiftning. Svenska och danska företag är förpliktigade att sträva efter könsdiversitet enligt den svenska och danska koden för bolagsstyrning, men även de finansiella aspekterna av könsmångfald bör tas i beaktning eftersom ett företag behöver prestera finansiellt för att kunna fortsätta sin verksamhet. Ännu är det inte fastslaget att en ökad könsdiversitet är relaterat till finansiella framsteg, då studier på området säger emot varandra. Därför är det intressant att se hur denna relation ser ut i de nordiska länderna, speciellt i Sverige och Danmark där kvoteringslagar ännu inte har införts. Denna uppsats undersöker frågan för att skapa bevis för företagen i länderna om en ökad könsdiversitet är finansiellt försvarbar. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka könsdiversitet i bolagsstyrelser och relationen till finansiella prestationer av företaget i fråga. Dessutom ämnar studien undersöka de finansiella prestationernas beroendeförhållande till könsdiversiteten i bolagsstyrelserna. Metod: Ett urval av 104 svenska och danska företag valdes som observationsobjekt. För att undersöka relationen mellan könsdiversitet och finansiella prestationer görs en Pearson korrelationsanalys. För att upptäcka om finansiella prestationer är har ett beroendeförhållande till könsdiversiteten i bolagsstyrelserna gjordes regressionsanalyser. Hypoteserna som testades baserades på agentteori, resursberoendeteori, och övernivåteori och tidigare empirisk forskning. Resultat: De statistiska analyserna visar att det inte finns något signifikant samband mellan könsdiversitet och finansiella prestationer, och inte heller att finansiell prestation har ett beroendeförhållande till könsdiversitet i bolagsstyrelsen. Dessa resultat indikerar att en ökad könsdiversitet i styrelserummen bör motiveras av andra faktorer än strikt finansiell framgång. Företag bör ta ställning till resultaten från denna forskning i tillsättandet av styrelseledamöter och inte förvänta sig en förbättrad finansiell ställning enbart genom att tillsätta fler kvinnor till styrelsen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Trevisan, Marcelo. "A ecologia industrial e as teorias de sistemas, institucional e da dependência de recursos a partir dos atores de um parque tecnológico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78035.

Full text

Abstract:

Simultaneamente, eleva-se o interesse pelo desenvolvimento sustentável e os inerentes desafios a ele vinculados. Por outro lado, como uma possibilidade de alcançá-lo entrou em evidência o conceito de Ecologia Industrial (EI). Sua perspectiva fundamental tem a natureza como modelo visando a integração entre os sistemas ecológico e industriais. Caracteriza-se por três escalas de atuação e a Simbiose Industrial (SI) é a mais difundida, envolvendo o intercâmbio de materiais, produtos, água, energia, resíduos, informações, experiências e conhecimentos entre organizações (POSCH, 2010; GIURCO et al., 2011). Entretanto, Deutz (2009) destaca que a EI possui questões emergentes e que necessitam de mais aprofundamentos com as ciências sociais. Em geral, suas pesquisas partem do campo técnico e encontram dificuldades de serem implementadas e aceitas porque não foram confrontadas com os sistemas sociais e de poder que envolvem as organizações. Existindo espaços para estudos que considerem aspectos como cultura, valores, elementos políticos e de poder nas relações interorganizacionais. Dedicando-se uma atenção mínima a esses aspectos reduz-se o potencial contributivo da EI. O desafio é aprofundar, ampliar e integrar as análises em uma concepção sistêmica e transdisciplinar orientada para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Resultados satisfatórios diante dessas imposições abrangem investimentos em P&D, em produtos ecoinovadores e alterações nas práticas de negócios (LOMBARDI; LAYBOURN, 2012). Assim, esta tese objetivou analisar as percepções dos atores de um parque tecnológico diante das interações da Ecologia Industrial com as convergências entre as teorias de Sistemas, Institucional e da Dependência de Recursos. A construção do referencial teórico pautado nas referidas teorias possibilitou estabelecer conexões com a EI e promover a elaboração das categorias de análise que serviram de base para a construção das proposições. A partir da abordagem qualitativa, de uma perspectiva multidisciplinar e do estudo de caso, definiu-se como objeto de estudo a Associação Parque Tecnológico de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Utilizou-se dados primários e secundários compostos por fontes como documentos, acompanhamento de reuniões e observações. Contudo, o principal instrumento de coleta foram entrevistas realizadas com 28 integrantes do parque tecnológico. Para a análise dos dados empregou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que os atores reconhecem a necessidade de ações integradas entre organizações, todavia ainda não consideram que a preservação ambiental seja um valor socialmente aceito e reconhecido com impactos significativos nos resultados empresariais que garantam a sobrevivência da organização. Em geral, as relações não são pautadas por um contexto institucional que incentiva objetivos compartilhados visando suprir recursos críticos. Decisões oriundas do hábito e a ausência de clareza sobre os pressupostos da EI dificultam a sua operacionalização. Embora seja afirmado que exista disposição para abdicar do controle de recursos para obtenção de melhores resultados coletivos, empiricamente a intenção foi pouco observada. Os atores percebem falta de discernimento quanto às responsabilidades das universidades e dos setores público e privado locais no desenvolvimento das interações.
At the same time the interest in sustainable development grows, so does the interest in the challenges it brings. As a possible tool to solve these challenges came the idea of Industrial Ecology (IE), which has as its main perspective nature as a model in the integration of the ecological and industrial systems. It is characterized by scales of action and the most well know of them is Industrial Symbioses (IS), which involves the exchange of materials, products, water, energy, residue, information, experiences and knowledge among organizations (POSCH, 2010; GIURCO et al., 2011). Deutz (2009), however, notes that IE brings about new questions in need of a bigger connection with social sciences. Usually researches start in a more technical field and face difficulties to be implemented and accepted because they weren‟t confronted beforehand with the social and power systems that organizations revolve around. Opening spaces for studies that take into consideration aspects such as culture, values, organizational politics and power structures and pays attention to these details can reduce the impacts of IE. The challenge is to examine carefully, broaden and integrate this analysis in a transdisciplinary and systemic view directed towards sustainable development. Satisfactory results in face of these impositions involve investments in R&D (research and development), in eco-innovative products and changes in business practices. (LOMBARDI; LAYBOURN, 2012). Thus, this thesis aimed to analyze the perception of subjects of a technological park on the interactions of Industrial Ecology with the coming together of the Systems, Institutional and Resource Dependency theories. The theoretical reference based on the aforementioned theories made it possible to establish connections with IE and create the categories of analysis that served as a basis to the prepositions. Based on the qualitative approach, on a multidisciplinary perspective and a case study, the Associação Parque Tecnológico of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil was chosen as study subject. Primary and secondary data from documents, meeting notes and observations were used. However, the main data were interviews of 28 members of the technological park. To analyze the data the method of content analysis was used. The results showed that the subjects recognize the need for integrated actions among organizations, yet do not consider that environmental conservation is a socially accepted and well know concept with high impact on business results that can guarantee a company‟s survival. Generally, relationships are not guided by an institutional context that motivates shared goals aiming to supply critical resources. Decisions made out of habit and in the absence of clarity surrounding the purpose of IE can hinder its performance. Although it is said that there is disposition to abdicate resource control to achieve better and shared results, in practice this was rarely observed. The subjects found that universities and the private and public sector lack insight regarding their responsibilities for developing interactions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Droll, Steven Edward. "Resource Dependency Theory and the Inclusion of Foreign Nationals on the Board of Directors of Publicly Traded Chilean Companies| A Multi-case Study." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561351.

Full text

Abstract:

European and US companies, who desire to expand from a domestic-oriented focus to a more international mind-set, must undergo significant organizational transformation. Whether the transformation results in the company becoming internationally oriented, a complete transnational organization or anywhere in-between, one of the key components in the transformation process is developing a strategy that is outwardly focused from its natural domestic markets. To develop and execute said strategy, the utilization of human capital resources might be required that the company itself may not possess. Literature review has supported the concept that when European or US companies incorporate foreign nationals on the Board of Directors (BOD), the development and execution of international expansion strategies will increase the probability of reaching their respective strategic objectives. However, literature research is silent as to whether the inclusion of foreign nationals on the BOD of South American companies would result in the comparable results as experienced by European and US companies. This research study will begin to explore if a broader set of theoretical concepts could be applied to publicly traded Chilean companies and through future studies to publicly traded South American domiciled companies. Through an engaged scholarship approach, Resource Dependency Theory will be utilized as the lens through which to present the theoretical and practical applications for the BOD of publicly traded Chilean-domiciled companies to consider when developing international expansion strategies outside of Chile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Pearlstein, John Samuel. "POWER AND THE ALLOCATION OF EQUITY AND CONTROL IN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS: A RESOURCE-DEPENDENCY APPROACH TO SIGNALING AND UNDERPRICING." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/18439.

Full text

Abstract:

Business Administration
Ph.D.
The implication that first day returns of initial public offerings are a consequence of the imbalance of power between issuer and underwriter has been suggested more than it has been tested. An important tool in such an analysis has been missing. Using a resource contribution approach to bargaining power, measures of underwriter and issuer power are created. Significant results with both measures show that consistent with theory, underwriter power is positively associated with underpricing, while issuer power's association is negative. The underwriter power measure compares favorably in this study to Carter-Manaster's prestige measure. The theory presented also suggests that issuers and underwriters engage in a short-term cooperative agreement to bring critical resources to issuers to enhance their initial public offering. Contributed resources form the basis for each firms bargaining power which is strongest when setting the initial file price. Results show the importance of resource power on the distribution of proceeds and how power changes during the registration process. Finally this theory expands signaling theory and suggests that issuers under the influence and direction of their underwriter make pre-IPO organizational changes to send signals of quality to preemptively address investor's concerns. These pre-IPO gambits are intended to increase IPO proceeds, but come at a price. Theories of power are used to create a measure of the relative strength of these actors and find that making TMT changes significantly decreases underpricing. Although underwriter power is significantly associated with change, relative power does not reduce the amount of change signaled.
Temple University--Theses

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Olofsson, Ida, and Mikaela Larsson. "Female board members and company performance : Do companies with female directors perform better than companies without females on their boards? Evidence from Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36578.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Females are underrepresented in Swedish boards, and in 2016 females represented 29 % of all board members. Many researchers have studied the relationship between the gender composition of company boards and company performance, but they have not managed to reach consensus in explaining the relationship. Pure shareholder theory suggests that the company philosophy is to focus on profitability and shareholder maximization. If the gender distribution in the board affects the performance of the company, some companies may underperform because of their board composition. If so, this is an issue that should be solved according to the shareholder theory and some adjustments to the composition should be done. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not companies with female directors on their boards perform better than companies without female directors on their boards. The target group of the study is Swedish listed companies with a statutory domicile in Sweden. Method: For conducting this research, data for a period of three years (2013-2015) are collected from a sample of 94 Swedish listed companies. The performance measurements investigated are the ratios; ROE, profit margin, ROCE, EBIT margin and EPS. As for control variables, the board size and company size are used. An independent samples t-test is conducted, as well as a correlation matrix analysis and a regression analysis, to fulfil the purpose of this study. Conclusion: The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between female representation in the boardroom and the ratio EBIT margin. However, the correlation strength is so weak that it is not fair to draw the conclusion that female representation has a positive effect on the financial performance of the companies. Also, the regression analysis shows no relationship between the two variables. However, this study contributes by showing that there is no negative correlation between the presence of females on boards and the financial performance of the companies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Cetin, Nergiz, and Emmeli Boström. "Understanding Corporate Governance in the Financial Sector through Multiple -Theory : - A study of SFSA disciplinary cases towards financial organizations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179521.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: Understand different needs for accountability and governance among financial firms,based on environmental and structural factors. Design/methodology/approach: By using disciplinary reports published by SFSA the interpretation of corporate governance regulation will be studied. Findings: The study identified important corporate governance factors which can be explained and understood by analyzing through the multiple-theory. Complex environmental aspects, such as regulations and multiple stakeholders, demands for extensive internal and external controls. However, the aspect of knowledge does not seem to be fully explained by previous studies. Originality/value: The result could be a contribution to further discussions on how regulations can develop. Moreover, the result can add empirical data to further develop the multiple-theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Droll, Steven E. "Resource Dependency Theory and the Inclusion of Foreign Nationals on the Board of Directors of Publicly Traded Chilean Companies: A Multi-case Study." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/bus_admin_diss/21.

Full text

Abstract:

European and US companies, who desire to expand from a domestic-oriented focus to a more international mind-set, must undergo significant organizational transformation. Whether the transformation results in the company becoming internationally oriented, a complete transnational organization or anywhere in-between, one of the key components in the transformation process is developing a strategy that is outwardly focused from its natural domestic markets. To develop and execute said strategy, the utilization of human capital resources might be required that the company itself may not possess. Literature review has supported the concept that when European or US companies incorporate foreign nationals on the Board of Directors (BOD), the development and execution of international expansion strategies will increase the probability of reaching their respective strategic objectives. However, literature research is silent as to whether the inclusion of foreign nationals on the BOD of South American companies would result in the comparable results as experienced by European and US companies. This research study will begin to explore if a broader set of theoretical concepts could be applied to publicly traded Chilean companies and through future studies to publicly traded South American domiciled companies. Through an engaged scholarship approach, Resource Dependency Theory will be utilized as the lens through which to present the theoretical and practical applications for the BOD of publicly traded Chilean-domiciled companies to consider when developing international expansion strategies outside of Chile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Coy, Helen S. "The Use of Performance Measurement Data in Nonprofit Organizational Sustainability." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5315.

Full text

Abstract:

In the United States, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) face a precarious future because of their heavy reliance on the financial support of government funding, other donor agencies, and philanthropic foundation resources. The purpose of this study is to understand how and to what extent leadership of NPOs can benefit from using funder-required performance data to improve organizational sustainability. Using Pfeffer and Salincik's resource dependency theory to explain organizational sustainability, this qualitative multiple case study of 10 NPOs in a northeastern U.S. state includes 14 interviews with NPO leadership, a document review of NPO 990 tax filings, annual performance reports, and board meeting minutes. All data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings indicated 6 overarching themes associated with NPO sustainability and funder-required performance measures that impact program sustainability but are mainly used for compliance: (a) NPO adoption and use of performance measures; (b) data collection and evaluation for external compliance; (c) information pertaining to financial, operational, and administrative decision making; (d) NPO leadership decisions regarding internal constructs, operations, and management; (e) resource dependency; and (f) sustainability practices. The implications for positive social change include strategies for NPO leaders to use to ensure survival, continuous community impact, and awareness for policymakers regarding legislative and regulatory developments that may inadvertently harm NPOs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Andersson, Magnus. "Får vi lov? : IKEA:s etablering i Karlstad sett ur ett resursberoendeperspektiv." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6088.

Full text

Abstract:

IKEA is probably one of the most well known Swedish companies in the world. During thepast decades millions of people all across the globe have decorated their homes according tothe style of IKEA. But just exactly how big and influential are they? Many, if not to say all,municipalities in Sweden wants IKEA to establish and build their famous stores in one oftheir towns. But at what cost? When deciding on a municipality to establish in, IKEAnormally tends to have an advantage when it comes to controlling the conditions and terms ofthe establishment.To undertake this dissertation I use a theory based upon the inter-organizational theoriescalled resource dependency theory. The theory stresses the importance of controlling andobtaining resources as an organization among other organizations in order to survive. Fromthe theory one can see a pattern that organizations with a lot of resources tend to have biggeradvantage when dealing with other organizations.The question I want to answer was if the municipality of Karlstad has eroded its dominantplane when dealing with strong financial actors like IKEA?This is a case study of IKEA and their establishment in Karlstad. Unfortunately IKEA choosenot to be a part of the thesis due to lack of time. The method used in the dissertation is basedupon interviews with high senior officials that were involved in the establishment in one wayor another. To supplement the interviews a document study was performed.The result of the study is surprising in two ways. First of all the fact that IKEA has been sucha strong actor during the negotiations which gave them nearly whatever they asked for. Thesecond reason is the fact that the municipality has eroded its dominant plane in such anobvious way. If IKEA did want to, they could have built a store where ever they wanted.IKEA is probably one of the most well known Swedish companies in the world. During thepast decades millions of people all across the globe have decorated their homes according tothe style of IKEA. But just exactly how big and influential are they? Many, if not to say all,municipalities in Sweden wants IKEA to establish and build their famous stores in one oftheir towns. But at what cost? When deciding on a municipality to establish in, IKEAnormally tends to have an advantage when it comes to controlling the conditions and terms ofthe establishment.To undertake this dissertation I use a theory based upon the inter-organizational theoriescalled resource dependency theory. The theory stresses the importance of controlling andobtaining resources as an organization among other organizations in order to survive. Fromthe theory one can see a pattern that organizations with a lot of resources tend to have biggeradvantage when dealing with other organizations.The question I want to answer was if the municipality of Karlstad has eroded its dominantplane when dealing with strong financial actors like IKEA?This is a case study of IKEA and their establishment in Karlstad. Unfortunately IKEA choosenot to be a part of the thesis due to lack of time. The method used in the dissertation is basedupon interviews with high senior officials that were involved in the establishment in one wayor another. To supplement the interviews a document study was performed.The result of the study is surprising in two ways. First of all the fact that IKEA has been sucha strong actor during the negotiations which gave them nearly whatever they asked for. Thesecond reason is the fact that the municipality has eroded its dominant plane in such anobvious way. If IKEA did want to, they could have built a store where ever they wanted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Lawson, Albertha H. "A Study of the Relationship Between Revenue Sources and Undergraduate Students' Graduation Rates at Public Research Universities." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1325.

Full text

Abstract:

The public's demand for accountability will have a significant impact on research universities' revenue resources in the future. Driving the demand is a perceived lack of institutional productivity. Undergraduate students' graduation rates represent one product of public research universities. States have already latched onto these rates as a measure of institutional performance; and as a result, states have provided a basis for public research universities to use the relationship between dollars invested in the institution and undergraduate students' graduation rates to respond to accountability issues. Current research provides little insight into this relationship. Research in this study uses concepts from the higher education production function, the resource dependency theory, and the Principal-Agent Model to investigate undergraduate students' four-year and six-year graduation rates as an institutional product. The research provides a greater degree of transparency into the relationship between dollars invested in public research universities and undergraduate students' graduation rates than has previously been shown. As a result of this relationship analysis, the research enables the development of a model for predicting undergraduate student graduation rates relative to dollars invested in the institution from different sources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Wapner, Stephanie. "Organizational Identification and Alumni Giving: The Role of External Student Organizations." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500587887267762.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hosea, Marilyn A. "Worlds Connected and Worlds Apart: Postures and Dependencies Influencing Government-Agency Relations." Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Management / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casedm1568628518748704.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Rosengren, Bouius Rina, and Lindroth Olov Wicklund. "Investeringar för en digital framtid : En kvalitativ fallstudie av företag inom detaljhandelns arbete med investeringar i AI-teknik." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41683.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to in depth examine how two companies in retail business work with investments in AI and similar technology and to investigate what role these investments had for the two companies. Retail plays an important role in the Swedish economy and accounts for one tenth of Sweden's GDP. The industry has undergone extensive digital development in recent years, which has led to companies being forced to make large investments in new technology such as AI in order to maintain their competitiveness. Through a qualitative interview study, two case companies in the retail business that target clothing are studied. The results show that both companies at different levels work with investments in AI technology. They both find great benefits with these investments mainly in the form of increased value for their customers. They also see that these investments are necessary to maintain their competitiveness in the market. The risks that emerge through the survey are mainly based on an integrity perspective when collecting data and the employees' barriers to change.
Syftet med denna undersökning är att på djupet studera hur två företag inom detaljhandeln arbetar med investeringar i AI och liknande teknik samt undersöka vilken roll dessa investeringar haft för de två företagen. Detaljhandeln fyller en viktig funktion inom den svenska ekonomin och står för en tiondel av Sveriges BNP. Branschen har de senaste åren genomgått en omfattande digital utveckling vilket lett till att företag tvingats genomföra stora investeringar i ny teknik som AI för att bibehålla sin konkurrenskraft. Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie studeras två fallföretag inom detaljhandeln som riktar sig mot konfektion. Resultatet visar på att båda fallföretagen på olika nivåer arbetar med investeringar i AI-teknik. De finner båda stora fördelar med dessa investeringar främst i form av ökat värde för sina kunder. De ser även att dessa investeringar är nödvändiga för att bibehålla sin konkurrenskraft på marknaden. De risker som framkommer genom undersökningen grundar sig främst i integritetsperspektiv vid insamling av data samt de anställdas förändringsbarriärer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Luhr, Carl, and Alice Ålund. "The Financial Impact of having Women on the Board : A study on the gender composition of a board and its effect on a company's financial performance." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177479.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the study is to examine if the gender composition of a board has an effect on a company’s financial performance by analyzing their operating margin and return on capital employed (ROCE). The study is based on a quantitative method, studying companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Previous research has not been studying the gender composition of boards of Swedish companies and its effect on the company's financial performance in regard to their operating margin and return on capital employed. Therefore, this study has examined that in order to draw a conclusion regarding its possible effects. The data that is collected will be used as support in the analysis in order to understand how the current composition and effects are connected. This study will contribute with knowledge for companies in Sweden regarding gender composition of boards and the possible effects on their financial performance. But also, as support for the ongoing discussion regarding board composition and the current inequality in gender representation. In conclusion the study shows that return on capital employed and the proportion of women in the board has a positive relationship. Meaning that the bigger proportion of women in a board, the better return on capital employed the company has. However, for operating margin there was not a significant relationship and therefore a conclusion regarding that cannot be made.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Anderson, Carissa M. "Higher Education's Assembly Line: Understanding the Impact of the College Completion Agenda on Rural Community Colleges in Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1541598466088729.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Nyilika, Nonkanyiso Beauty. "Tourism marketing in the Western Cape: optimising inter-organisational collaboration among key regional stakeholders." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1417.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Technology: Public Relations Management in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013
The aim of this study was to explore the benefits and potential of improved inter-organisational collaboration as compared to non-collaboration between the identified stakeholders in this research. This research established the level of current inter-organisational collaboration and satisfaction between the identified Western Cape Province stakeholders and verified whether this collaboration could be seen as contributing to tourism growth in the region. It also determined how improved inter-organisational collaboration and communication can be achieved to ensure tourism marketing effectiveness. In the lead-up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, regional stakeholders formed strategic partnerships to ensure a successful soccer event. The researcher sees such a collaborative approach as limited to major events or projects such as the 2011 bid for the Design Capital 2014. Inter-organisational collaboration is not clearly visible in the destination and tourism marketing of the region and this lack of collaboration has been highlighted. For the purpose of this study, the Resource Dependency Theory of Collaboration was utilised to highlight the inter-dependency between the identified regional stakeholders with vested interest in the Western Cape Province and Cape Town's tourism industry. The researcher conducted qualitative research which is situated in an interpretivist paradigm with its emphasis on experience and interpretation. The qualitative research is seen as being suitable for this research as detailed information has to be sourced through interviews. A qualitative exploratory approach, comprising face-to-face interviews with key informants in the industry was undertaken. The key informants engaged were drawn from a range of organisations engaged or who have a vested interest in the tourism industry which is a key economic driver in the Western Cape Province and Cape Town. The outcome of this study firstly was to establish the current levels of inter-organisational collaboration between the identified stakeholders and how this affects tourism growth. A closer look was taken to look at the current overlapping in the marketing initiatives embarked upon by the destination and tourism marketing organisations in the Western Cape Province, namely Wesgro and Cape Town Tourism and how these can be avoided. Secondly, the study explored how higher inter-organisational collaboration can ensure the achievement of effective tourism marketing of the region. As per the research findings, the researcher compiled recommendations on optimising inter-organisational collaboration among key regional stakeholders. These recommendations should contribute towards streamlining resources and redirecting some of the allocated funds from tourism marketing to other socioeconomic activities that can benefit the citizens of the region, such as developing emerging small to medium tourism enterprises and entrepreneurs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Dalaryd, Magnus, and Daniel Mayer. "A Brazilian - Swedish Relationship : How to Establish a Successful International Joint Venture." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19025.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the nature of globalization, new strategies have been designed to break into new markets. Joint Venture is a common strategy to enter new markets and by using a Joint Venture, companies share risks and establish new contacts with local knowledge. Brazil is a market where foreign investors gain more and more interest. Brazil's economy is growing fast and made well during the global financial crisis. The middle class in Brazil is constantly growing and for the first time, poverty is not a majority in Brazil.In an International Joint Venture (IJV), it is usually a foreign company establishing a partnership with a local company. Often, IJVs fail because companies have problems collaborating, depending on different variables. In this thesis, we chose to analyze the cultural barriers in a Brazilian-Swedish IJV on the Brazilian market. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an understanding and describe cultural barriers in an IJV partnership, and high-light those to increase the chances for successful IJVs between Brazilian and Swedish companies in the future.This thesis is qualitative, with an abductive approach, in order to gain a deeper and better understanding of experienced barriers. We have chosen to see culture from both a national and an organizational perspective as earlier research has showed that national culture affects the organizational culture within an IJV. Using Hofstede's (1991) four dimensions of national culture as a supplement to Wilson’s (2001) four factors influencing the organizational culture, we have conducted four interviews in two Swedish-Brazilian IJV companies located in São Paulo, Brazil. The companies we have chosen to interview have been small or medium-sized manufacturing. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in a comfortable environment for all respondents. In our analysis, we used matrices to make it easier to see what differences and/or similarities there are between the case-companies.Results of this study, demonstrate that the experiences from the two case-studies are well in line with each other. The organizational structure in Brazil has been perceived as more hierarchical than the Swedish vertical and more open structure. This in turn, has strengthened the differences in communication between managers and employees, which been perceived as more top-down in Brazil than in Sweden. Our conclusion is that cultural barriers have been perceived, in the perception of the leaders’ expected behavior, language barriers, differences in planning and management of uncertain situations, Brazil's more family-oriented society and close relationship between private life and work in the Brazilian market.Several of these barriers have been experienced during the early start-up of an IJV, something we believe increases the importance of being well prepared for cultural barriers that may arise. The importance of an agreement upon the structure and policies at the company at an early stage is crucial, to reduce future possible conflicts. Show mutual respect and understanding for one's partners’ culture and experienced cultural barriers, use these to avoid any negative effects, and instead create a positive impact for the IJV.
Minor Field Study

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Atallah, Samer. "Essays on resource-dependent economies: political economy and strategic behavior." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114240.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation designs and analyzes three innovative models dealing with policy formulation in resource-dependent economies. The emphasis is on two environments characterized by conflicting interests. The first environment deals with the political transition to democracy while the second deals with environmental regulation. The first chapter surveys the recent literature on the political economy of the resource curse. One strand of literature suggests that the resource curse is an outcome of a competition between rent seeking activities and productive activities. The second strand suggests that politicians desire to retain power distorts the efficiency of the economic activity leading to the resource curse. The first model explains the lack of democratization in resource exporting countries using a two period resource extraction model. The elite announce, in the first period, their plans for resource extraction and investment in the economy. Citizens, in the second period, decide on conducting a revolution to capture their share of rents from un-extracted resources. The government policies are designed to ensure that the elite remain in power and that citizens do not have the incentive to revolt. These policies subsidize extraction and investment during the first period. The extraction subsidy reduces the benefit of revolution while the investment subsidy increases its cost. On the other hand, policies in the democracy case are not constrained by the revolution threat and represent the median voter preferences. The resource is over extracted in the non-democratic case compared to the democratic case. Also, investment in the non-resource sector is lower. The model suggests that extraction path goes against price signals. Non-Democratic institution is the rational choice of the elite. The third chapter addresses the question of whether a rent extractive tariff has an impact on internal transfer policies and the probability of conflict emergence in resource exporting countries. The model also considers the impact of technological progress in resource importing economies. Conflict arises due to a threat of revolution conducted by citizens against elite. The cost of the revolution and its probability of success depend on the level of income inequality. Alternatively, citizens and elite bargain to determine the optimal transfer from resource rents. Institutional quality is key in determining whether conflict would arise or not. The direct effect of the rent extractive tariff is that it reduces the chances of conflict and increases the chances of a successful bargain between citizens and elite. The increase in the tariff renders the transfers between elite to citizens less costly to elite through two channels. The first channel is by reducing the resource rents directly. Secondly, it reduces the citizens revolution effort and the probability of a successful revolution. The tariff does not necessarily reduce elite welfare. It unambiguously reduces citizens welfare. Technological progress has the opposite effect of the tariff. The last model in chapter four adds to the previous literature on the choice of market instrument to regulate emissions. Static models suggest the superiority of price instruments under a set of strict assumptions. Dynamic models model either the regulator or industry acting strategically. Here, the model assumes that both regulator and industry act together strategically to determine the choice of market instrument. In addition to social welfare, the regulator's payoff function is extended to include political gains from investment in abatement and improvement in the provision of the environmental good. The model suggests that quantity instrument is favorable to both regulator and industry. Also, industry with high cost of abatement has a better incentive to invest in clean technology under a quota system. The regulated quantity is optimal and does not generate welfare losses.
La présente dissertation conçoit trois modèles d'innovation traitant de la formulation de politiques dans les économies dépendantes des ressources et en fait l'analyse. Le premier modèle explique l'absence de démocratisation dans les pays exportateurs de ressources en utilisant un modèle d'extraction des ressources à deux phases. L'élite annonce, au moment de la première phase, ses projets d'extraction des ressources et d'investissement dans l'économie. Les citoyens, dans la deuxième phase, décident de mener une révolte visant à acquérir une part des bénéfices tirés des ressources non extraites. Les politiques du gouvernement sont conçues pour veiller à ce que l'élite demeure au pouvoir et que les citoyens ne soient pas incités à se révolter. Ces politiques subventionnent l'extraction et l'investissement au cours de la première phase. La subvention de l'extraction réduit les avantages de la révolte, alors que la subvention de l'investissement en augmente les coûts. D'autre part, les politiques en situation démocratique ne sont pas limitées par la menace de révolte et représentent les préférences de l'électeur moyen. La ressource subit une exploitation excessive en situation non démocratique comparativement à une situation démocratique. L'investissement, par ailleurs, dans les secteurs autres que ceux des ressources est inférieur. Le troisième chapitre cherche à déterminer si un tarif fondé sur les rentes tirées des ressources naturelles influencerait les politiques de transfert interne et la probabilité de l'émergence d'un conflit dans les pays exportateurs de ressources. Le modèle tient également compte de la conséquence des progrès technologiques dans les économies exportatrices de ressources. Les conflits découlent de la menace d'une révolte menée par les citoyens contre l'élite. Le coût de la révolte et sa probabilité de réussite dépendent du degré d'inégalité des revenus. Autrement, les citoyens et l'élite négocient pour déterminer le transfert optimal des rentes tirées des ressources. La qualité des institutions est un facteur déterminant quant à l'avènement ou non d'un conflit. L'effet direct d'un tarif fondé sur les rentes tirées des ressources naturelles est de réduire les possibilités de conflit et d'augmenter les possibilités d'une négociation réussie entre les citoyens et l'élite. L'augmentation du tarif rend les transferts entre l'élite et les citoyens moins coûteux pour l'élite de deux façons : premièrement, en réduisant directement les rentes tirées des ressources et deuxièmement, en réduisant le désir de révolte chez les citoyens et la probabilité d'une révolte réussie. Le tarif ne réduit pas nécessairement le bien-être de l'élite. Il réduit clairement le bien-être des citoyens. L'effet du progrès technologique est à l'opposé de celui du tarif. Le dernier modèle, présenté au chapitre quatre, étaye la documentation susmentionnée sur le choix de l'instrument du marché pour réglementer les émissions. Les modèles statiques suggèrent la supériorité des instruments axés sur le prix selon un ensemble d'hypothèses strictes. Les modèles dynamiques modélisent l'organisme de réglementation ou l'industrie qui agit de manière stratégique. Dans le présent document, le modèle suppose que l'organisme de réglementation et l'industrie agissent ensemble, de manière stratégique, pour déterminer le choix de l'instrument du marché. En plus du bien-être collectif, la fonction de remboursement de l'organisme de réglementation est élargie pour inclure les retombées politiques provenant des investissements dans la réduction de la pollution et de l'amélioration de la production du bien environnemental. Le modèle suggère qu'un instrument axé sur la quantité sera favorable à l'organisme de réglementation et à l'industrie. De plus, dans le cadre d'un système de quotas, les industries dont le coût de réduction de la pollution est élevé disposent de meilleures mesures d'encouragement à l'investissement dans une technologie propre.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Altowaim, Sultan. "Promoting and financing industrial diversification in resource-dependent developing countries." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/38942/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis studies the promotion and financing of industrial diversification in natural resource-dependent countries. It tries to contribute to the existing literature by addressing three research questions in three main chapters. Chapter 2 attempts to answer the following question: Does financial development induce the diversification and complexity of exports in natural resource-dependent countries? Financial development and deregulation are standard recommendations in order to achieve greater industrial and economic development in these countries. However, using standard panel data econometrics, this chapter shows that financial development has no positive impact on export diversification or complexity. It argues that a general financial development policy recommendation is not expected to be a key for industrial and export diversification in these countries. This result provides an essential motivation for the following chapters. Chapter 3 looks at the financing of industrial diversification in two specific countries, namely Chile and Malaysia, which were both natural resource-dependent, but managed to successfully diversify their respective economies. The two countries have followed different strategies. In Chile, diversification has been towards niche natural resource-based industries, while in Malaysia the strategy has been to defy comparative advantages, resulting in specialization in sophisticated and high value added products. This chapter examines the role of the state and the financial system in financing the industrial diversification. The main finding is that in both countries the state has always played a key role in directing finance to strategic sectors and in contributing to the emergence of new industrial activities. Diversification in Chile and Malaysia has not occurred through free market operations and liberalized financial systems settings. Chapter 4 concentrates on promoting industrial diversification in oil dependent countries using Saudi Arabia as the case study. It starts by reviewing various strategies of economic diversification in the context of resource-dependent countries. In particular, it reviews the literature on resource-based industrialization (e.g. Perez, 2015), the literature on the Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework (i.e. Lin 2011) and the literature on the product space theory (i.e. Hidalgo and Hausmann 2009). This chapter, then, uses these frameworks to suggest possible diversification strategies in Saudi Arabia and to assess the government’s recently promoted diversification plan (Vision 2030). Furthermore, the potential role of the Saudi financial system is fully examined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Patterson, David. "Power, Resources and Environmental Negotiation in Community Sport Organizations." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32769.

Full text

Abstract:

This study sought to examine power, resources and environmental negotiation through an examination of the operations and governance of two Community Sport Organizations (CSOs) located in a mid-sized city in the Midwest region of the United States. This was undertaken by answering three research questions: (1) How does power shape the allocation of resources within CSOs? (2) How do CSOs secure access to resources from their organizational environments? and (3) How do CSOs attempt to manipulate their organizational environment? The dissertation took a case study approach, combining documentary review with in-depth semi-structured interviews to develop a greater understanding of the CSOs under study and of the dynamics of power that animate the organizations’ activities, decisions, and outlook. By using two theories of power, Lukes’ Three Dimensional (3D) approach and Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), the dissertation examined both an institutional and episodic view of power, providing a richer view of power within the organizations under study. In RQ1, the study finds that CSOs are willing to allocate resources to the social construction of their sport; that they are sensitive to threshold effects in resource allocation, meaning they provide resources up to the point that a need is met, and not beyond; and that gender played a role in internal resource allocation. In RQ2, the results indicated that the CSOs under study were able to secure resources from their environments through not valuing their institutional existence, and through working with their multi-level governance structures. RQ3 finds that CSOs used anticipatory compliance with environmental actors and borrowing capacity of means to change their organizational environments. The overall conclusion of the study notes that low organizational capacity in CSOs has considerable benefits to go with the drawbacks previously noted in the CSO and not-for-profit literatures. The study outlines that CSOs are able to use their low capacity status to help ensure their organizational environment remains passive, allowing them to maintain a focus on their members and mission while securing sufficient resources to survive. Further discussion of volunteer leadership being a type of participation in sport and of the challenges of studying CSOs, as well as participant recruitment, are also included.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Gustafson, Agneta. "Normer och praxis : tre ideella föreningar och deras redovisning." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, statistik och informatik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-6112.

Full text

Abstract:

The focus of this study is the accounting of private non-profit organizations. Accounting is understood as a situated practice under specific conditions prevailing in different types of private non-profits. First, a pilot study of the financial reports of 39 Swedish non-profit organizations was undertaken. It identified similarities and differences between their reporting and the norms used in commercial accounting. Three case studies of private non-profits of different kinds and sizes were then undertaken. The purpose was both to describe how non-profits report their activities and their financial position to external interest groups and attempt to explain what lies behind their accounting practices. A combination of an institutional perspective and a resource dependence perspective has been used. The study contributes to our knowledge of practices in non-profit organization accounting and suggests some explanations of their accounting practices. The following research question was explored: When does institutional isoformism and when does resource dependence determine the accounting practices in these private non-profits? The main findings are the following: the purpose of the annual reports of these private non-profits is to show how they have used their resources. Their income statements are more like reports of financial flows. It has been difficult to measure the efficiency of their activities and for that reason they report more about doing the “right” things. A verbal story is needed to give a fair account of their performance. In trying to explain the accounting practices of these organizations four things were highlighted: · They imitated conventional accounting norms when the issues had no direct influence on future resources. · They diverged from conventional accounting norms and showed their distinctive character in that they created ways of presenting information according to what was needed by their interested parties, when the issues could influence future flow of resources. This is true even after the accounting regulations were established in 2001. However, when they were forced to follow conventional accounting norms, coercive isomorphic pressure meant that they had less freedom. · When the organizations used other channels than their annual reports to communicate with their supporters, the accounting practices did not influence future resources. Then they applied conventional accounting norms for business organizations. · When the organizations used their annual reports in planning for future obligations and in internal follow up, the accounting practices were also influenced by internal considerations. As they diverged from commercial accounting their differences form commercial organizations were highlighted and their need to communicate in a somewhat different way was seen. Key words: Private non-profit organizations, accounting, accounting theory, accounting norms, accounting practices, institutional theory, isomorfism, resources, resource dependence theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Jongruck, Patamawadee. "Network governance through resource dependence theory : a case study of illicit drug policy in Thailand." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/network-governance-through-resource-dependence-theory-a-case-study-of-illicit-drug-policy-in-thailand(71316e8a-d823-4c30-a2be-59a686255bcc).html.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the past decade, public policy making and implementation in some European and North American countries have been in the form of networks of public, private and voluntary sector organisations. The changing nature of governance, to governing with and through networks, is known as ‘network governance’ (Rhodes, 1997). Nonetheless, it is ambiguous if network governance is a global phenomenon or merely applicable to the developed world context. Since the evidence of network governance from developing countries is hitherto scarce in the literature, this research, therefore, fills the current knowledge gap by examining network governance in Thailand. The research explores and explains the presence (or absence) of network governance in Thailand through Resource Dependence Theory, using illicit drug policy implementation in Chiang Mai province as a case study. A quantitative survey (N = 217) and a qualitative semi-structured interview (N = 31) were employed to accumulate primary data. The findings reveal that governance in the case under consideration had not shifted towards networks. Although it was found that there is a moderate degree of resource interdependence between state and non-state organisations involved in the policy, it was not sufficient to verify the existence of network governance. This was because power asymmetry existed in the relationship, with the state sector being the power-advantaged one. State agencies avoided collaborating with the non-state sector due to the fear of an expected loss of autonomy, whereas non-state organisations did not perceive resources from the state sector as being of critical importance. Thus, network governance was mainly absent from this case. This research joins broader intellectual debates that network governance is not a global phenomenon but rather a case-specific one, which suggests that public administration scholars should take the distinctiveness of context into account. Moreover, this study contributes to the illicit drug policy making in Thailand by recommending that deregulations of some bureaucratic rules and cross-sector organisational learning are vital to facilitate network governance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Alhinai, Alkhatab. "Economic diversification obstacles in resource-dependent states through the lens of resource curse theory : Oman as a case study." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12446/.

Full text

Abstract:

Rationally, it would be expected that the discovery of substantial and lucrative natural resources would provide a pre-industrial state with the opportunity to achieve industrial take-off. However, resource curse theory has challenged this assumption. Instead, oil-dependent states are not able to diversify their economies away from their reliance on natural resource revenues. The Sultanate of Oman has proved to be no exception. The discovery of oil in Oman in 1962 provided its government with the means to establish a massive socio-economic development programme with the aim to eventually reduce the country’s dependency on oil. Decades later, oil export revenues still represent more than 80% of government revenues. The main objective of this research is to try to understand the root cause of Oman’s inability to create a diversified economy, despite the fact that it was among the first countries in the region to adopt an economic diversification strategy. To explore the main reasons behind the unsuccessful economic diversification attempts in Oman, this study analyses in-depth the four aspects of the ‘resource curse’ identified in the literature: economic factors; human resource development; institutional quality; and political/social factors. The thesis is based on a single case study, that of Oman, using two methods of data collection: semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The participants’ insights are triangulated with official documents and reports from international organisations. The analysis demonstrates that studying each of the four aspects of the resource curse separately does not provide sufficient explanation for the failure of diversification. As a result, this thesis argues that the interaction of these four factors provides a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Furthermore, the analysis highlights that economic factors and human resource development are negatively affected by the institutional quality and the political/social factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Sobragi, Cyro Gudolle. "Adoção de computação em nuvem : estudo de casos múltiplos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49406.

Full text

Abstract:

A computação em nuvem é considerada um paradigma computacional da atualidade. Sua adoção vem crescendo nos últimos anos, contudo ainda é incipiente nas organizações brasileiras. Por ser uma tecnologia inovadora, a computação em nuvem vem recebendo maior atenção da academia nos últimos anos, contudo a abordagem do assunto na literatura de Sistemas de Informação ainda é considerada baixa, apesar de crescente. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar os fatores de adoção da tecnologia, estabelecendo uma relação entre elementos de teorias de base e fatores de adoção. Foram identificados na literatura elementos teóricos e fatores relacionados à computação em nuvem, sendo realizadas associações entre tais fatores e elementos. Os elementos teóricos identificados na revisão da literatura são oriundos da teoria dos custos de transação, teoria da dependência de recursos e teoria de difusão da inovação. A pesquisa realizada é de caráter exploratório, por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos, realizados em três empresas que já adotaram computação em nuvem. O estudo utilizou como fontes de evidências entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e consulta a sites corporativos das organizações pesquisadas. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MAXQDA10. Os resultados do estudo apresentaram como fatores de adoção de computação em nuvem: confiabilidade, escalabilidade, economia, privacidade e segurança. A pesquisa também contribui para o preenchimento da lacuna na literatura de Sistemas de Informação, oferecendo subsídios para estudos quantitativos que confirmem os fatores levantados.
Cloud computing is considered a new computational paradigm for many researchers and practitioners. The adoption of this technology has been arisen in the last few years by the organizations, nevertheless it is still emerging in Brazil. As considered an innovative technology, cloud computing adoption has been gathering more attention in the academy. However, this subject in the Information Systems literature still has little attention, although increasing. This dissertation intends to analyze the adoption factors of cloud computing and establish associations between technology adoption factors and theory elements. Initially were identified in the literature of economic and organizational theories some elements related to the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Dependency Theory. Then, the technology adoption factors were related directly to the cloud computing features. Consequently the theory elements were associated with the technology adoption factors. This research was exploratory, through multiple case studies in three companies that already adopted cloud computing. The data collection was made by interviews and documents analysis. To analyze the seven interviews this research used the content analysis method, using the software MAXQDA10. Thereafter, was conducted an association between the theory elements and the technology adoption factors. As main results, were confirmed as adoption factors in cloud computing: reliability, scalability, security, privacy and economy. This study also contributes for fill in a lack in the literature, as well as offer information for future quantitative researches about the technology adoption factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sessa, Laurence. "L’influence de la distribution du pouvoir et du contrôle sur les choix stratégiques de l’organisation : une analyse comparative au sein de deux organisations patronales françaises." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0345.

Full text

Abstract:

En réponse aux pressions du contexte qui pèsent sur les organisations patronales et se renforcent ces dernières années, celles-ci réagissent en déployant diverses stratégies pour tenter de les maitriser. En effet, de nature politique, législatives ou encore financières, les menaces amènent les organisations patronales à faire des choix stratégiques pour maîtriser leur situation d’interdépendance dans un contexte de changement qui les contraint. Cette thèse aborde l’influence de la distribution et la localisation du pouvoir sur les choix stratégiques de deux organisations patronales françaises confrontées aux mêmes types de menaces. Elle interroge, en particulier et premièrement, l’influence de l’environnement et des changements du contexte sur la distribution du pouvoir et du contrôle. Deuxièmement, l’influence de la distribution du pouvoir et du contrôle sur les choix stratégiques. Troisièmement, l’influence des moyens d’actions et des motivations personnelles des membres et du dirigeant exécutif sur les choix stratégiques. Enfin, elle propose d’analyser la capacité des organisations patronales à maîtriser les contraintes de l’environnement conditionnée par le type de stratégies employée. Pour cela, les méthodes qualitatives ont été privilégiées et aboutissent à la rédaction de deux monographies réalisées à partir d’entretiens semi-dirigés, de séances d’observation et d’une analyse documentaire. Dans un cadre épistémo-méthodologique abductif, les nombreuses itérations entre terrain et théorie permettent d’aboutir à la caractérisation du contexte de changement auquel sont confrontées les organisations patronales, à la compréhension des stratégies particulières à chacun des cas déployés dans une situation de dépendances aux ressources et à la compréhension de l’influence de chacun des acteurs détendant une part du pouvoir au sein de l’organisation. En effet, cette méthodologie permet d’éclairer le fonctionnement des organisations patronales françaises et d’en enjeux. Au travers de la description du contexte au sein duquel elles interagissent, nous mettons en avant les contraintes auxquelles elles sont confrontées. La théorie de la dépendance aux ressources nous permet ainsi de comprendre en quoi leur situation de dépendances aux ressources les conduit à adopter des stratégies particulières. En outre, elle nous permet de comprendre en quoi la distribution du pouvoir et du contrôle au sein de l’organisation influence fortement les choix stratégiques
In response to the contextual pressures on employers' organizations, which have grown stronger in recent years, they respond by deploying various strategies to try to control them. In fact, of a political, legislative or even financial nature, the threats lead the employers' organizations to make strategic choices to control their situation of interdependence in a context of change that constrains them. This thesis addresses the influence of the distribution and location of power on the strategic choices of two French employers' organizations facing the same types of threats. It questions, in particular and first, the influence of the environment and changes of context on the distribution of power and control. Second, the influence of the distribution of power and control over strategic choices. Thirdly, the influence of the means of action and the personal motivations of the members and the executive director on the strategic choices. Finally, it proposes to analyze the capacity of employers' organizations to control the constraints of the environment conditioned by the type of strategies employed.For this, qualitative methods were favored and led to the writing of two monographs based on semi-structured interviews, observation sessions and a literature review. In an abductive epistemo-methodological framework, the many iterations between field and theory make it possible to characterize the context of change faced by employers' organizations, to understand the strategies specific to each of the cases deployed in a situation of dependencies resources and understanding of the influence of each of the actors relaxing some of the power within the organization.Indeed, this methodology makes it possible to enlighten the functioning of the French employers organizations and of stakes. Through the description of the context in which they interact, we highlight the constraints they face. The theory of resource dependence allows us to understand how their dependency on resources leads them to adopt particular strategies. In addition, it allows us to understand how the distribution of power and control within the organization strongly influences strategic choices

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Stokes, Kimberly. "A Closer Look: Uncovering The Reasons Schools And Businesses Partner And How The Partnerships Shape Curriculum And Pedagogy." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228339564.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Gandenberger, Carsten. "Nachhaltiges Ressourcenmanagement : konzeptionelle Weiterentwicklung und Realisierungsansätze in der Bekleidungsbranche /." Münster : Lit-Verl, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3172988&prov=M&dok%5Fvar=1&dok%5Fext=htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Espvall, Henrik, and Victor Östling. "Entrepreneurship In Multinational Subsidiaries : The Effect of Entrepreneurial Competencies on Subsidiary Influence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194428.

Full text

Abstract:

Research suggests that the position of subsidiaries within the multinational corporation (MNC) network has been strengthened over time and as a result, the subsidiary’s ability to exert influence over decisions taken by headquarters and other MNC entities has improved. One of the drivers behind this changed corporate structure is the need of the MNC for innovation, which has lead MNC headquarters to recognize entrepreneurial activities at subsidiary level. In this paper, the connection between subsidiary entrepreneurship and subsidiary influence is examined and it is argued that internal traits held by subsidiaries, which promote entrepreneurial performance, can function as a resource that other entities within the MNC network become dependent upon. From this dependence, influence is received by the subsidiary holding this resource, in accordance to resource dependence theory. Hypotheses are formed and tested using data collected through 60 questionnaires completed by subsidiary managers. The analysis suggests that a quite large portion of the influence subsidiaries obtain can be explained by their internal entrepreneurial capabilities. Recommendations for future research are suggested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Frank, Karen Ann. "Twenty-five Years of Giving: Using a National Data Set to Examine Private Support for Higher Education." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5373.

Full text

Abstract:

Resource dependencies have increased substantially at colleges and universities over the years due to economic declines, recessionary periods, and decreased funding from state allocations. The purpose of this study was to advance an understanding of private support for higher education as a source of supplementary funding. As the environment continues to become more competitive for outside resources, institutions of higher education can benefit from more substantive and objective research on private voluntary support to better meet their growing needs for additional resources. Effective financial management requires a greater understanding of the expected size of financial contributions to assist with strategic planning and managing expenditure demands. This is especially true during periods of broad economic downturn when many institutions' revenue sources simultaneously suffer economic shocks through reduced endowment earnings; reductions in state appropriations; and external pressures by students, parents, and other stakeholders to keep tuition rates low. The same economic pressures that affect institutional revenue sources also affect the receipt of charitable contributions. Thus, the relationship between charitable donations and the economy is central to understanding whether these contributions help to stabilize the volatility of institutional revenues. This study examined private giving data reported to the Council for Aid to Education's annual Voluntary Support of Education survey from 1987 to 2012. Only gifts contributed by alumni, foundations, corporations, other individuals, and parents to public and private baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral institutions were considered. Giving data were adjusted through the Consumer Price Index, standardized by enrollment, and correlated with three economic indicators: Average Duration of Unemployment, Employees on Nonagricultural Payrolls, and the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Price Index. The statistical analysis selected to examine each of the four research questions was multiple linear regression used to discover to what relationships exist between economic indicators and private giving to higher education by institutional type, institutional classification, and giving source. This study revealed that differences in private giving exist when correlated to economic indicators. Based on these results, it appears that charitable funding directed to support higher education institutions are based to some extent on resource providers' ability to expend support at particular times in the economic environment. As observed throughout all four research questions, the Average Duration of Unemployment indicator had a larger impact on charitable giving to higher education than did the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Price Index indicator. The results of the Fisher's r to z transformations indicated that the regression model for alumni giving to public higher education institutions was determined to be the statistically strongest prediction model, followed by the regression model for foundation giving to public institutions. While fundraising continues to be only one source of additional funding, it cannot be ignored that the generosity of private donors since the earliest days of this country has helped to create, support and sustain the vital functions of colleges and universities. While the pursuit of private support may have been left primarily to the private institutions over the years, more recent developments in state and government funding patterns to higher education make the constant search for additional support sources a reality for today's public higher education institutions as well. Academic leadership must be cognizant that fiscal flexibility in times of economic prosperity as well as in times of economic downturns can be supplemented by the philanthropic intent of those interested in not only an institution's presence or prestige but also by its impact on students, families, communities, customers, and the economy. Institutions of higher education and their institutional advancement programs can greatly benefit from research studies that provide additional substantive and objective research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Li, Ting. "Does Chinese outside directors' use of Guanxi affect their independence and fiduciary duties?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-chinese-outside-directors-use-of-guanxi-affect-their-independence-and-fiduciary-duties(e5688f5e-5b51-49e2-b976-e83dc101d920).html.

Full text

Abstract:

As China has become one of the largest economic entities in the world, many studies focus on corporate governance in China. In 2001, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) transplanted the outside director mechanism from the United States and the United Kingdom. CSRC hoped that outside directors could play a control role to monitor the behaviours of controlling shareholders, protecting the interests of minority shareholders. However, since it was established, the Chinese outside director mechanism has played an unsatisfactory control role because they are not truly independent of the controlling shareholders. In contrast, many Chinese outside directors use their Guanxi connections (a particular kind of social connections in China) to play a resource acquisition role very well. Based on the theories of the firm, the resource dependence theory, studies of Guanxi and the path dependence theory, this thesis finds that when Chinese outside directors use their Guanxi connections to play their resource acquisition role, their independence and fiduciary duties required by CSRC is compromised.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Löfgren, Daniel, and Herman Larsen. "IdrottsAB vs ideell förening : En jämförande studie som undersöker organisationsformers resursberoende inom svensk elitfotboll." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41542.

Full text

Abstract:

Genom historien har den svenska idrottsrörelsen kännetecknats som en folkrörelse. På senare tid har fotbollsföreningar i Sverige övergått från att vara en del av den organiserade demokratiska folkrörelsen vars främsta syfte är att främja folkhälsan till att idag bedrivas som företag med syftet att tjäna pengar. För att kunna bedriva elitidrottsverksamhet har organisationerna blivit allt mer professionella och kommersiella i sättet att införskaffa och säkerställa ekonomiska resurser. Den här studien ämnar undersöka om organisationsformen hos svenska fotbollsklubbar ger upphov till olika resursberoenden och hur de säkerställer resurser. Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av resursberoendeteorin för att bland annat fältidentifiera värdefulla resurser och institutionell teori för att skapa en bredare bild för hur det svenska fotbollsfältet utvecklats. Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförd med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att organisationerna liknar varandra både vad gäller resursberoende men även i säkerställande av resurser där legitimitet var av stor betydelse. Studiens slutsats konstaterar att organisationsformerna inte har någon påverkan på vare sig resursberoende eller säkerställande av resurser. Resultatet pekar istället på att det är fältet som påverkar organisationerna.
Throughout history, the Swedish sports movement has been characterized as a popular movement. Recently, Swedish football organizations have transitioned from being part of the organized democratic popular movement whose main purpose is to promote public health to today being run as a company with the aim of making money. In order to operate an elite sport organization, organizations have become increasingly professional and commercial in the way of acquiring and securing financial resources. The theoretical framework for this study consists of Resource Dependence Theory to identify, among other things, valuable resources and Institutional Theory to create a broader picture of how the Swedish football field has developed. The study is a qualitative case study conducted with the help of semi-structured interviews. The result shows that the organizations are similar to each other in terms of resource dependency as well in securing resources where legitimacy was of great importance. The study's conclusion states that the organizational forms have no effect on either resource dependency or the securing of resources. The result, instead, indicates that it is the field that affects the organizations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Algharabali, Barrak Ghanim. "THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENCE AND DEMOCRACY ON THE INCREMENTAL BUDGETING THEORY AND PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM WITHIN A BUDGETARY CONTEXT." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/30.

Full text

Abstract:

I contribute to the literature by providing additional factors that could affect the incremental budgeting theory and punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) within a budgetary context. Because of the fluctuation in the price of natural resources, I argue that dependence on natural resources could lead to less stable budgets than ones not dependent on natural resources. I also argue that democracy is another source that leads to stability in the budget, relative to countries that are not democratic. I theorize that countries with no democracy and heavy dependence on natural resources will have budgets with more volatility than the rest of the countries. Most of the extant literature focuses on countries that are democratic and not dependent on natural resources. My theory expects these to have the most stable budgets. I extend the literature by comparing the Kuwaiti National Budget (dependent on natural resources and not democratic) to the U.S. Federal Budget (democratic and not dependent on natural resources). The results of all tests are consistent with the expectations of the theory that countries with no democracy and heavy dependence on natural resources have less incremental budgets than nations that are democratic and not dependent on natural resources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Greenwood, Cary A. "Killing the Messenger: A Survey of Public Relations Practitioners and Organizational Response to Whistleblowing after Sarbanes-Oxley." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11976.

Full text

Abstract:

xviii, 197 p.
Whistleblowing has been a topic of media interest since the Vietnam War, and it continues to resonate strongly with the public. Several well-publicized whistleblowers have done much more than catch the attention of the world media. They arguably have changed the world. Whistleblowing refers to the reporting of illegal, wasteful, or unethical activities (i.e., wrongdoing) by current and former employees of an organization. Triggered by several highly publicized corporate financial failures, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires publicly traded companies to provide an anonymous channel for employees to report financial wrongdoing and provides protection for those who do. Using resource dependence perspective and relationship management theory, this study uses e-mail to distribute an online survey to top-ranking public relations executives in the Fortune 1000 corporations to identify what role public relations executives have played in developing and publicizing anonymous whistleblowing channels, their knowledge of wrongdoing in their own organizations and elsewhere, their attitudes and actions related to the wrongdoing, the consequences of their actions, and their relationships with their organizations. The study finds that only one-fifth of respondents helped develop the required anonymous communication channel, but two-thirds helped publicize it; almost one-half of respondents are aware of wrongdoing in their corporations or in other organizations, and two-thirds of those report such activities; those who report wrongdoing do so through internal channels within the corporation, with one exception; few who report wrongdoing suffer retaliation; and the vast majority enjoy positive relationships with their organizations. However, a small number of respondents experienced retaliation, and the research points to a broader exploration of this topic among public relations personnel within Fortune 1000 corporations to determine to what extent status, relationships, and benefits such as the "golden handcuffs" influence whistleblowing. Future research on whistleblowing and ethics in public relations is warranted.
Committee in charge: Dr. Patricia A. Curtin, Co-Chairperson; Dr. H. Leslie Steeves, Co-Chairperson; Dr. James K. Van Leuven, Member; Dr. Michael Russo, Member; Dr. Anne Parmigiani, Outside Member

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wasserman, Olle, Hylén Olle Andersson, and Mihret Brdar. "Jämställdhet i bolagsstyrelser : En kvantitativ studie av jämställda bolagsstyrelsers koppling till finansiell prestation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86041.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The debate on gender equality is a topical subject in Sweden as well as the rest of the world. A gender quota law was proposed for Swedish listed companies but was outvoted. Is there a connection between gender equal companies and financial performance? Purpose: The main purpose of this study aims to investigate if companies with gender equal boards financially outperforms companies who does not have a gender equal board. Method: The thesis is based on a quantitative method along with a deductive approach in order to collect secondary data. Multiple regression analysis was performed in order to test the results against Critical Mass Theory, Resource Dependence Theory and previous research findings. Conclusion: The results of the study conclude that there is a significant positive relationship between gender equal boards and a higher market value. Furthermore, our findings show no significant relationship between gender equal boards and profitability.
Bakgrund: Jämställdhetsdebatten är ett aktuellt ämne både i Sverige som i världen. Ett förslag om könskvotering bland bolagsstyrelser på börsen i Sverige lades fram men blev nedröstat. Finns det en koppling mellan jämställda bolagsstyrelser och finansiell prestation? Syfte: Studiens syfte avser att undersöka om företag på Stockholmsbörsen med jämställda bolagsstyrelser har en högre finansiell prestation jämfört med företag som har en icke-jämställd bolagsstyrelse. Metod: Genom ett kvantitativt angreppssätt och deduktiv ansats har studien tagit del av sekundärdata. Studien har använt multipla regressionsanalyser för att testa dess resultat mot Critical Mass Theory, Resource Dependence Theory samt tidigare forskning. Slutsats: Studiens resultat påvisar att det finns ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan jämställda bolagsstyrelser och ett ökat marknadsvärde. Vidare finner studien inget statistiskt signifikant samband mellan jämställda bolagsstyrelser och företags lönsamhet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Wang, Daisy Chen-yu. "MODERATING EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATIONS STRATEGIES: THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN SUPPLY CHAIN RELATIONSHIP AND PERFORMANCE." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/320.

Full text

Abstract:

This is the first research to empirically study the congruity in supply chain operations strategies. The tests show that the congruity in supply chain operations strategies are related to performance and also moderate the association between performance and the types of supply chain relationships. 308 manufacturing firms were studied for empirical tests. Various methods including multiple regressions, cluster analyses, and logistic regressions are applied in this study. Based on the tests, five hypotheses are supported and only one hypothesis is inconclusive. This dissertation contributes in different thresholds. First, by studying operations strategies through a different angle (the supply chain instead of a firm) this study reconciles results in the relationships between performance and operations strategies and between performance and supply chain relationships. Therefore, this study contributes to reconciling two long-term puzzles in both operations strategies and supply chain management literatures. Second, this research draws on three different disciplines, operations strategies, supply chain management and organization theory (resource dependence theory). This interdisciplinary approach provides a broader perspective in operations management research. Third, through this research, guidelines are provided for not only powerful firms but also the weak ones on how to improve their performance through developing different types of supply chain relationships and integrating their operations strategies with their supply chain members.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Douglas, Fernandez Whitney G. "What Does Board Capital Really Bring to the Table? Exploring the Effect of Directors’ Human and Social Capital on Effective Governance During International Expansion." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1561.

Full text

Abstract:

What constitutes effective corporate governance? Which director characteristics render boards effective at positively influencing firm-level performance outcomes? This dissertation examines these questions by taking a multilevel, multidisciplinary approach to corporate governance. I explore the individual-, team-, and firm- level factors that enable directors to serve effectively as strategic resources during international expansion. I argue that directors’ international experience improves their ability to serve as effective strategic consultants and resource providers to firms during the complex internationalization process. However, unlike prior research, which tends to assume that directors with the potential to provide important resources uniformly do so, I acknowledge contextual factors (i.e. board cohesiveness, strategic relevance of directors’ experience) that affect their propensity to actually influence outcomes. I explore these issues in three essays: one review essay and two empirical essays. In the first empirical essay, I integrate resource dependence theory with insights from social-psychological research to explore the influence of board capital on firms’ cross-border M&A performance. Using a sample of cross-border M&As completed by S&P 500 firms from 2004-2009, I find evidence that directors’ depth of international experience is associated with superior pre-deal outcomes. This suggests that boards’ deep, market-specific knowledge is valuable during the target selection phase. I further find that directors’ breadth of international experience is associated with superior post-deal performance, suggesting that these directors’ global mindset helps firms in the post-M&A integration phase. I also find that these relationships are positively moderated by board cohesiveness, measured by boards’ internal social ties. In the second empirical essay, I explore the boundary conditions of international board capital by examining how the characteristics of firms’ internationalization strategy moderate the relationship between board capital and firm performance. Using a panel of 377 S&P 500 firms observed from 2004-2011, I find that boards’ depth of international experience and social capital are more important during early stages of internationalization, when firms tend to lack market knowledge and legitimacy in the host markets. On the other hand, I find that breadth of international experience has a stronger relationship with performance when firms’ have higher scope of internationalization, when information-processing demands are higher.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Mille, Simon. "Deep stochastic sentence generation : resources and strategies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283136.

Full text

Abstract:

The present Ph.D. thesis addresses the problem of deep data-driven Natural Language Generation (NLG), and in particular the role of proper corpus annotation schemata for stochastic sentence realization. The lack of multilevel corpus annotation has prevented so far the development of proper statistical NLG systems starting from abstract structures. We first detail a methodology for annotating corpora at different levels of linguistic abstraction (namely, semantic, deep-syntactic, surface-syntactic, topological, and morphological levels), and report on the actual annotation of such corpora, manually for Spanish and automatically for English. Then, using the resulting annotated data for our experiments, we train and evaluate deep stochastic NLG tools which go beyond the current state of the art, in particular thanks to the absence of rules in non-isomorphic transductions. Finally, we show that such data can also serve well other purposes such as statistical surface and deep dependency parsing.
La presente tesis aborda el problema de la generación de textos partiendo desde estructuras profundas; se examina especialmente el papel de un esquema de anotación apropiado para la generación estadística de oraciones. La falta de anotación en varios niveles ha impedido hasta ahora el desarrollo de sistemas de generación estadística desde estructuras abstractas. En primer lugar, se detalla la metodología para anotar corpus en varios niveles (representaciones semánticas, sintácticas profundas, sintácticas superficiales, topológicas y morfológicas), y se presenta su proceso de anotación, manual para el español, y automático para el inglés. Posteriormente, se usan los datos anotados para entrenar y evaluar varios generadores de textos que van más allá del estado del arte actual, en particular porque no contienen reglas para transducciones no isomórficas. Por último, se muestra que estos datos se pueden utilizar también para otros objetivos tales como el análisis sintáctico estadístico de estructuras superficiales y profundas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Stewart, Lois E. "An Evaluation of Critical Resources in Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5173.

Full text

Abstract:

Advanced practice nurses fill a vital need in the U.S. by increasing access to needed healthcare. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) are one type of advanced practice nurse with a long history of safe and effective peri-anesthetic care. Nurse anesthetists have a rich tradition of providing anesthetic care for rural and underserved communities, and are a primary provider of anesthesia for active and retired military personnel. CRNAs comprise over one-half of the actively practicing U.S. anesthesia workforce currently, and are able to function in any anesthetic care model. Nurse anesthesia educational programs (NAEPs) are the single source for new graduate nurse anesthetists in the U.S. Demographic, geographic and epidemiological factors have combined to produce a predicted increase in the demand for peri-operative anesthesia care among a complex, aging and increasing patient population. The uninterrupted or increased supply of CRNAs to the anesthesia workforce is important. The goal of this study was the production of a comprehensive analysis of potential resource constraints upon the NAEPs in the U.S. This was accomplished through a focused, prospective and correlational research design, grounded conceptually in Resource Dependence Theory. A novel survey tool was developed for the assessment of critical resource constraints, completed by U.S. NAEP administrators and faculty. This research was exploratory in nature and is the basis for continued work in critical resource planning tools for U.S. NAEPs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Koch, Sharron Lee. "Relationship Building and Unethical Behavior in the Hospitality Industry." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2492.

Full text

Abstract:

Relationship building is a fundamental component to develop successful businesses, although corrupt purchasing executives pay bribes in excess of $1.5 trillion dollars annually. The participants for this case study consisted of 10 national sales managers who have successfully implemented strategies to train suppliers in relationship building in a hotel in Greensville, South Carolina. The resource dependence theory grounded the study. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies a hotel owner in Greenville, South Carolina used to train managers on relationship building. Collection of data included 8 semi-structured telephone interviews and 2 video interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, archived data, and field notes. Using a modified van Kaam method and methodological triangulation, 3 prominent themes were identified that included the appropriateness of relationship building activities to collect data critical to negotiations, the need to clarify unclear expectations, and developing an increased awareness of the gray areas for possible boundary violations between the vendor and the customer. The data from the results indicated the need for increased training to reduce the number of instances of unethical behavior perceived in relationship building activities. The implications for positive social change include the potential to increase the awareness of ethical issues in multicultural business settings on the part of national sales managers, which could decrease the rate of unethical behavior in the hospitality industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Chindondondo, Brian. "Revisiting spillovers through the lens of resource dependence theory : the role of access relationships in low income countries rife with institutional voids." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79767.

Full text

Abstract:

Prior research on spillovers is implicitly anchored on the resource-based view theory with its emphasis on learning and the acquisition of capabilities, and the key mechanism for spillovers is argued to be knowledge acquisition. This thesis examines to what extent this is the primary explanation in low income countries. Prior research has shown that the resource-based view theory is especially applicable in stable environments, a boundary condition that is often not met for low income countries. This research adopts the resource dependence theory as a complementary lens to understand spillovers in low income countries which are largely characterised by unstable economic environments. The study hypothesises that subsidiaries achieve superior performance in contexts rife with institutional voids not through the development of their own capabilities, but because of access relationships that allow subsidiaries to draw on the capabilities of the multinational corporation (MNC) parent and sister subsidiaries. The research examined first the subsidiary’s performance versus that of local companies; second the relationship between firm ownership and (a) general foreign sourcing of resources and (b) sourcing from the MNC network; third the relationship between firm ownership and performance; and fourth whether the foreign sourcing of resources i.e. whether general foreign sourcing or sourcing from the MNC network, mediates the relationship between firm ownership and performance. Lastly, the study sought to test whether the superior performance of MNCs ultimately results in spillovers to the economy. Using evidence from the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector, the study found that foreign firms are more likely to outperform local firms and also to source key resources abroad. The study shows that the positive relationship between ownership and performance is mediated by sourcing of resources from the MNC network; and that – under the turbulent economic environment of our context – negative spillovers occur. The study provides a contextual perspective on the impact of company ownership structure on performance and spillovers; and explains the role of the parent and sister companies of MNCs in overcoming the institutional voids faced by their subsidiaries in low income countries, offering guidance to policymakers. Its theoretical contribution is to illuminate the utility of resource dependence theory as a complementary lens in explaining spillovers in contexts where the resource-based view may have more limited applicability.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
DPhil
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Gadd, Sandra, and Therese Gustafsson. "Organizational and Board Characteristics’ Impact on Female Board Representation: Evidence from Swedish Publicly Listed Financial Firms." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43863.

Full text

Abstract:

Background - The underrepresentation of women in corporate boardrooms has been a central corporate governance issue for decades; still, improvement is made at a slow pace and varies by industry sector. On average, the Swedish financial industry displays high levels of female board representation compared to other industry sectors; however, there are large differences between the companies. Therefore, investigating whether certain organizational and/or board characteristics have an impact on female board representation in this industry may provide valuable insights as to whether some factors enhance gender diversity on these boards and, consequently, could serve as tools for further growth of female board representation. Purpose - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the development of female board representation in Swedish publicly listed financial firms and to investigate whether certain organizational and/or board characteristics have an impact on female board representation. As such, the study answers call for research regarding women on boards in the finance industry, while also contributing to the limited amount of research examining whether certain organizational factors may act as predictors of female board representation. Method - The study is of quantitative nature with a deductive approach and longitudinal design. Data is collected from annual reports and corporate governance reports of Swedish public financial firms listed on Nasdaq Stockholm and NGM Equity between 2011 and 2017. The initial sample contains all 60 listed firms, while the final sample consists of 37 firms. The dependent variable is female board representation and the independent variables are firm size, female employment base, board size, outside directors, multiple directorships, older directors, and female chairman. Control variables for market capitalization segments and year-fixed effects are included. Data is analysed using multiple linear regression, which is in line with prior research. Conclusion - The results of the study show that there is a significant negative relationship between female board representation and board size, while there are significant positive relationships between female board representation and the variables outside directors and female employment base. Significant positive relationships are also found between female board representation and effects related to time and market capitalization segment. The results are both in line with and contradictory to prior research, indicating the need for further research to clarify the relationship – if any – between certain factors and female board representation. Moreover, the results provide indications for policymaking, especially concerning the large inequalities found regarding the position as chairman as well as the relationship between the female employment base and female board representation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Hightower, Sonja. "Who Makes the Decision? Managerial Influence on Corporate Boards and Auditor Selection, Change, and Compensation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707251/.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation examines whether managers influence corporate boards of directors in their auditor selection, change, and compensation decisions. This topic is important because it addresses concerns that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) is not effective in eliminating managerial influence over auditor engagement decisions and that it may provide a false sense of security to investors. These concerns are based on the implicit assumption that managers prefer weaker governance oversight and lower audit quality. However, empirical research testing associations between managerial influence and audit-related decisions post-SOX is scarce and generally guided by agency theory. Incorporating agency, stewardship, and resource dependence perspectives, I find that managerial preferences for auditor selection are not aligned. Specifically, CEOs positively influence the selection of higher quality auditors, whereas CFOs have the opposite effect. Further, CEOs who hold powerful roles as chairs of their companies' boards of directors appear to mitigate the negative influence of CFOs and inside directors on audit quality. CEOs serving in dual roles also oppose auditor turnover when lower earnings quality prompt higher demand for audit effort. Finally, my study provides some evidence that management exercises downward pressures on audit fees, suggesting that managers utilize their authority beyond the regulations established by SOX to negotiate auditor compensation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Malmqvist, Johan, and Emma Björkman. "Revision mot Ekobrott : En studie om sambandet mellan revision och den ekonomiska brottsligheten i små svenska aktiebolag." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138817.

Full text

Abstract:

BAKGRUND: Sedan revisionsplikten avskaffades 2010 har inte fastställts hur den ekonomiska brottsligheten påverkats av att små svenska aktiebolag inte längre revideras. Trots att Ekobrottsmyndigheten varnat för att avsaknaden av revisor kan vara en riskfaktor för ökad ekonomisk brottslighet pågår en utredning om att utöka gränsvärdena för revisionsplikten för svenska aktiebolag. SYFTE: Studien syftar till att förklara sambandet mellan revision och förekomsten av ekonomisk brottslighet i små svenska aktiebolag. METOD: Denna kvantitativa studie har ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Utifrån agentteori, resursberoendeteori och beslutsteori har en hypotes formulerats. En tvär-snittsdesign har använts och sekundärdata, främst bestående av räkenskaps-information, har analyserats med Chi2-test och logistisk regression. SLUTSATS: Studiens analys visar på ett svagt negativt samband mellan revisor och ekonomisk brottslighet, vilket innebär att resultatet indikerar att ekonomisk brottslighet är mer förekommande i bolag som väljer bort revisorn. Vidare minskar revisorn risken för att ekonomisk brottslighet förekommer inom små aktiebolag med 10,35 procentenheter.
INTRODUCTION: Since voluntary audit was introduced in 2010, it has not been established how the economic crime in Swedish SMEs has been affected by no longer being revised. Although the Swedish Economic Crime Authority has warned that the absence of an auditor may affect the risk of increased economic crime, a debate about whether to increase the limit of voluntary audit has arisen. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between audit and economic crime in Swedish SMEs. METHOD: This quantitative study is based on a deductive approach. Based on agency theory, resource dependence theory and decision theory a hypothesis has been developed. A cross-sectional design has been used and secondary data, mainly from financial statements, has been analysed using Chi2-test and logistic regression. CONCLUSION: In the analysis, a weak negative correlation between auditor and economic crime is presented. I.e. the results indicate that the risk of economic crime is more prevalent in companies without an auditor. Further, the auditor reduces the risk of economic crime in Swedish SMEs with 10,35 percentage points.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Rohrlack, Kirsten. "Analyse des betrieblichen Verhaltens von Handwerksbetrieben im Hinblick auf demographische Entwicklungen /." München ; Mering : Hampp, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990755754/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Resource Dependency Theory'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles