Academic literature on the topic 'Resource Dependency Theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Resource Dependency Theory"
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KLEIN, LEANDER LUIZ, and BRENO AUGUSTO DINIZ PEREIRA. "THE SURVIVAL OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS: A PROPOSAL BASED ON RESOURCE DEPENDENCE THEORY." RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie 17, no. 4 (August 2016): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712016/administracao.v17n4p153-175.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to depict a theoretical proposal for analyzing the influence of three facets of an organization's dependence on the survival of interorganizational networks: on the environment, on the other members and on the network. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This paper assists business leaders in showing the dependence tensions of enterprises on the market and networks. The understanding of relational changes and benefits provided by the network during its evolution also has an impact on enterprises' dependency. This paper is therefore original as it makes the contribution essential to a nascent stream of research. Key methodological aspects: The conceptualization of this study is based on the Resource Dependence Theory to direct network survival. The methodology of the paper is based on a theoretical essay for the formation of an analytical background of the subject. It presents an insight in a manner that sheds light on the subject and sets the stage for future research. Summary of key results: Does not apply. In this article, we did not make an empirical investigation. Key considerations/conclusions: The conceptualization of this study has been based solely on the Resource Dependency Theory to direct network survival. Furthermore, additional research is needed to empirically validate the framework.
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Lim, Tai Wei. "Multilateralism and Dependency Theory." African and Asian Studies 13, no. 1-2 (May 9, 2014): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341286.
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Abstract This paper situates center-periphery issues at two levels. At the broadest level (world system), it looks at the spectrum of selected dependency theories and the position of George Klay Kieh Jr’s ideas in this spectrum. In this discussion, I will pay especial attention to small states, powers and economies and explain the justifications in the section below. At the intermediate level (compradorial category) of the world system, I examined some area-specific writings on this subject, in particular those related to Asia and Africa but also classical studies of compradorial economies in South America. In reviewing these theories, I identified three major issues for study. First, are dependency theories and the idea of an intermediate compradorial economy in the world system still relevant or important to the study of developing economies? Second, are regional economic bodies in the intermediate space of the world system challenging the dichotomous binary of only center and periphery? Third, if resource supply and primary processing are the comparative advantages of smaller or peripheral states, can regional cooperation help to upgrade the value-added-ness of their economic activities?
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Grosvold, Johanne, Kathleen Rehbein, and Paul Baker. "Predicting Board Decisions: Are Agency Theory and Resource Dependency Theory Still Relevant?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 12155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.12155abstract.
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Breton, Gaétan, and Saidatou Dicko. "Directors’ networks and access to collective resources." Society and Business Review 10, no. 3 (October 12, 2015): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-06-2015-0020.
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Purpose – This paper aims to illustrate the resource dependency theory by making ties between the different resources needed by a firm and the members of the board through their allegiances to different organizations. Many researchers have explained the formation of the board through a controlling function. Alternative explanation is proposed by the resource dependency theory. Design/methodology/approach – To investigate the case of the largest company in Canada, the authors took their data in the Boardex database. Then drawing an affiliation matrix, they used the Pajek software to analyze these connections. They obtained a non-directional social network prone to illustrate the resource dependency theory. Findings – The authors found different categories of resources being placed at firm’s disposal: political, social and economic, under different forms. Because a case study approach was used, the findings will be used to complete the theory rather than confirm or contradict it. The case firm is well-connected at every level, although having a quite conservative board: only one woman, no representative of the social or environmental worlds. Through a program for designing networks, the authors show that board member’s networks are encompassing a spectrum of resources. Comparing with a previous study, it was found that the proportions of these resources remain the same in 2013 than in 2007. Research limitations/implications – This case is a very large group. Therefore, it can be expected that it will need every kind of resources. It might be interesting to replicate the study on smaller firms. The results imply that boards may not be the best structure to control the firm’s inside activities. Originality/value – Although many theoretical papers exist on this question, the board is mainly studied through the insiders/outsiders dichotomy, but there are few practical studies taking the resource dependency theory perspective.
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Casciaro, Tiziana, and Mikolaj Jan Piskorski. "Power Imbalance, Mutual Dependence, and Constraint Absorption: A Closer Look at Resource Dependence Theory." Administrative Science Quarterly 50, no. 2 (June 2005): 167–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.2.167.
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Despite ubiquitous references to Pfeffer and Salancik's classic volume, The External Control of Organizations, resource dependence theory is more of an appealing metaphor than a foundation for testable empirical research. We argue that several ambiguities in the resource dependence model account in part for this and propose a reformulation of resource dependence theory that addresses these ambiguities, yields novel predictions and findings, and reconciles them with seemingly contradictory empirical evidence from past studies. We identify two distinct theoretical dimensions of resource dependence, power imbalance and mutual dependence, which in the original theory were combined in the construct of interdependence and yet have opposite effects on an organization's ability to reduce dependencies by absorbing sources of external constraint. Results from a study of interindustry mergers and acquisitions among U.S. public companies in the period 1985–2000 indicate that, while mutual dependence is a key driver of mergers and acquisitions, power imbalance acts as an obstacle to their formation. We conclude that our reformulation of the resource dependence model contributes to realizing the potential of resource dependency as a powerful explanation of interorganizational action.
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Jones, Gareth J., Katie Misener, Per G. Svensson, Elizabeth Taylor, and Moonsup Hyun. "Analyzing Collaborations Involving Nonprofit Youth Sport Organizations: A Resource-Dependency Perspective." Journal of Sport Management 34, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0054.
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Interorganizational relationships are a well-established practice among nonprofit youth sport organizations seeking to acquire key resources and improve service efficiencies. However, less is known about how broader trends in the nonprofit sector influence their utilization. Guided by Austin’s collaborative continuum and resource dependency theory, this study analyzed how interorganizational relationships are utilized by different nonprofit youth sport organizations in one American context. The results indicate that high-resource organizations primarily utilize philanthropic and transactional forms of collaboration, whereas integrative collaboration is more likely among low-resource organizations. The discussion draws on resource dependency theory to provide theoretical insight into this association, as well as the implications for collaborative value generated through interorganizational relationships.
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Radhakrishnan, Abirami, Dessa J. David, Sri V. Sridharan, and John Stephen Davis. "Re-examining supply chain integration: a resource dependency theory perspective." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 30, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2018.091444.
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Radhakrishnan, Abirami, John Stephen Davis, Dessa J. David, and Sri V. Sridharan. "Re-examining supply chain integration: a resource dependency theory perspective." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 30, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2018.10012465.
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Htay, Sheila. "Transaction Cost Theory, Political Theory and Resource Dependency Theory in The Light of Unconventional Aspect." IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 12, no. 5 (2013): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1258996.
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Zambrano Márquez, Diego Miguel. "Decentering International Relations: The Continued Wisdom of Latin American Dependency." International Studies Perspectives 21, no. 4 (July 16, 2020): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekaa007.
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Abstract Although many international relations (IR) theory and international political economy textbooks consistently reference dependency theory, it is commonly considered a passé, outdated, or defunct theoretical approach. This paper challenges conventional wisdom, stressing the continued relevance of dependency as an analytical approach. Overall, it argues that Dependency theory represents a successful effort at decentering IR. To do so, it first discusses decentering as an effort to challenge and engage core concepts in IR to transform the “universal” understandings of global politics. In this sense, Dependency theory decentered IR by introducing an understanding of the world in which Western and non-Western spaces are mutually constitutive, highlighting the role of non-core contexts in creating and maintaining the status quo of the universal. Second, the paper analyzes the influence of Dependency theory in modern discourses of political economy like the resource curse, globalization, Post-Colonialism, and Post-Developmentalism. These parallelisms show Dependency's effectiveness at decentering IR and transforming the way the discipline studies non-core spaces.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Resource Dependency Theory"
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Kim, Inho, and n/a. "Press treatment of Korean chaebols 1989-1993." University of Canberra. Communication, Media & Tourism, 1995. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060810.102157.
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This study analyses press treatment of the Korean chaebols from
1989 to 1993. A review of the scholarly literature found that the
chaebols were very powerful, but were widely disliked and distrusted by
members of the Korean public. As well as controlling many Korean
businesses, the chaebols influence the media industries through direct
and indirect control. With such influence, and their effort to improve
their image after the Seoul Olympics, the researcher expected rather
favourable images to be reported in the selected press. A total of seven
foreign and domestic newspapers and magazines were selected for the
study, which represented various ownership and readership
characteristics. Hypotheses were established on the basis of the evidence
in Chapters 1 and 2 of the power of the chaebols, and of their recent
concern to improve their public images. Quantitative content analysis
was then used to investigate significant differences in each selected
source in relation to the resource dependencies of the selected
newspapers and magazines. Each source was compared and analysed to
investigate its distinctiveness and their dependencies due to limited
resources. Also, some qualitative content analysis was incorporated to
further investigate the ways the Korean chaebols were reported.
The research found that rather unfavourable images of the
chaebols were often reported in the press, both Korean and overseas.
They were favourably described as a contributor in developing in the
Korean economy, but were unfavourably described as socially
destructive. Our results often contradicted our hypotheses. Also, some
significant difference and similarities of reports about chaebols were
found especially between the Korean and non-Korean press. The more
complex situation revealed by our results was addressed using
Turow's(1984) Resource Dependency Theory. Overall, the study
supported the more complex picture put forward by the Resource Dependency Theory rather than the somewhat simplistic view that sees
ownership as the main influence on media outlets.
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Keeney, Katherine Preston. "Encouraging the Arts through Higher Education Institutions: Arts Policy Implementation in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48122.
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This dissertation investigates the role of public higher education institutions in state-level arts policy in the state of Virginia. The strength of public support for the arts historically has been measured by per capita arts spending, as determined by appropriations to state arts agencies. However, this is a very thin measure that misses an increasingly important contributor to the arts policy landscape - higher education institutions. As direct sources of funding for the arts decline, universities increasingly are contributing to the state arts landscape with the construction and operation of performing arts centers. Framed by resource dependency theory and rational choice institutionalism, this research sheds light on the motivations of actors contributing to the arts policy field in a resource-scarce environment. Evidence suggests that public higher education institutions invest in the co-curricular arts to capitalize on and acquire resources, including image and prestige, and to fulfill their public service missions. Although higher education institution performing arts centers are contributing to the state's arts landscape, they are only informally participating in arts policy formulation and implementation. These findings have financial and decision-making implications for arts policymakers, university administrators, and arts agencies as the inclusion of public higher education institutions in the arts policy field affords new opportunities and challenges for the state encouragement of the arts.Ph. D.
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Norgren, Hanna, and Emmelie Viklund. "Board of directors in small firms : An exploratory study on small business owners in Västerbotten’sperception of the role of the board, board composition and its impact onfirm performance." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106534.
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This study examines small business owners at small firms in Västerbotten’s perception on board composition, board diversity and the role of the board together with its impact on firm performance. We were interested in knowing what kind of characteristics these firms are looking for in their board composition and explore their attitudes towards their choice ofinside or outside directors, and also the impact of homogeneity and heterogeneity in theboard. Further, we wanted to examine the general role of the board in small firms and get insight on whether the small business owners believe this had any impact on firm performance or not. The subject of board of directors can be found within the field of corporate governance, in which it has a central role. Existing literature on the subject left a gap of knowledge on board of directors in small firms, from which the opportunity of research was found. Since a vast amount of firms on the Swedish market are small firms, this subject is of significant meaning for understanding and gaining insight into how small business owners in these firms view the board of directors. To get a deeper view into the subject we explored if any differences were detectable between three different industries, and the selected industries were; IT, transportation and construction. This qualitative study was conducted by using a semi-structured interview technique. The objectives of having a qualitative study was to obtain in-depth understandings and perceptions from the participants in order to answer our research questions; What kind of characteristics are small business owners looking for when selecting new board members, what type of different resources can different types of directors bring, and what impact do small business owners believe this has on firms’ performance? The findings from this study revealed that small business owners at small firms in Västerbotten did not value and use the board in the same extent as larger firms had been found to do in other empirical studies. However, indications were found among our sample that small firms in the IT industry uses their boards in another way than other firms do. Moreover, it was of common occurrence that small firms only have one singe director on their boards both due to that they have a board solely due to legal reasons and also due to that the owners, which is also the directors in these firms, does not want to reduce their level of control over the firm. Overall, the impression from the participants’ perceptions and views were that the board was not used in the way it could be and that for many small firms the costof recruiting more directors is too high.
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Hoffmann, Scott L. "Application of Resiliency Theory and Adaptive Cycles as a Framework for Evaluating Change in Amenity-Transition Communities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/57.
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In recent decades, many rural, natural resource-dependent communities have experienced ubiquitous and oftentimes substantial economic decline due to downturns in their commodity-oriented industries. In spite of this, communities with access to varying forms of natural capital have experienced an upsurge in activities such as recreation,tourism, second home growth, and retirement in-migration. If managed properly, amenity-oriented development has potential to reverse economic decline by attracting tourists, entrepreneurs, younger and more educated workers, and retirees, and may ultimately generate economic diversification, local growth, and an improved quality of life for residents. While there are literally thousands of potential measures of well-being, this study aimed to identify potential indicators of amenity-transition by examining community social and economic capital. To examine such a complex social and economic transition, these indicators were coupled with indicators from the tourism and amenity-development literature, and linked to concepts from Resiliency Theory from the ecosystem science literature, in a longitudinal study of amenity transition communities in the Pacific Northwest. Results focus on measures of social organization and economic sustainability in three study communities: McCall, ID; Leavenworth, WA; and Prineville, OR. Key informant interviews and historical documents were used to develop adaptive curves for each community, and to help evaluate the concepts and indicator variables that contribute to community resilience and adaptability. Secondary indicator data serve as a quantitative linkage between Social Capital and Resiliency Theories and the adaptive phases communities may experience throughout this transition. The results identify key historical periods for each community as residents adapt to economic and social change. Using key informant interviews coupled with secondary data provided a clearer picture of how each community has transformed and redefined itself throughout transition.
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Dunert, Sofie, and Patrik Westerling. "Outsourcing and Sustained Competitive Advantage : How do Swedish technical production firms in a competitive environment and high technical uncertainty find the right balance between outsourcing and in-house development that enhances their sustainable competitive advantage when they outsource their Research & Development externally?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5299.
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The purpose of this thesis is to find out when Research and Development (R&D) becomes a suitable attribute for a production company to outsource. In an environment where innovations are following up quickly up and uncertainty about the type of innovation and customer is a fact, external sourcing can bring a competitive advantage. The empirical evidence shows that when R&D is outsourced the total cost does not increase at a due cause of outsourcing in this given study.
Although a lot of theory explains outsourcing as a cost increasing factor, the internal experience and frequent relation between the technical production company Beta and its R&D vendor company Alfa can decrease costs considerably due to lower communication and governance costs. This was not explicitly expressed in related theory and is therefore a contribution to the academia as well as for managers who seek to find an answer to the question of when to outsource and when not to outsource.
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Appiah, Kingsley O. "Corporate governance and corporate failure : evidence from listed UK firms." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13576.
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This study is motivated by the numerous reforms to strengthen the efficacy of corporate boards and their oversight committees, in the wake of high profile corporate failures. The empirical question, however, is whether recent proposals would enhance board and their committee effectiveness and in this way, reduce the likelihood of firm`s failure. This study examines whether the composition, structure and functions of corporate boards and their interactions are related to the probability of corporate failure. Prior studies employ agency and resource dependency theories in isolation as theoretical lenses. This study, however, employs these aforementioned theories as theoretical lenses and argues that the board control and resource function affects the relationship between corporate board attributes and corporate failure. This study examines a sample of 358 UK listed firms, consisting of 95 failed firms and 263 non-failed firms during the period 1999-2011. This study also uses a unique hand-collected data set that measures the corporate governance attributes and functions of these 358 firms over a period of five years preceding failure or otherwise, resulting in 1748 firm-years observations. This study reveals that the probability of failure is lower in firms with large board size, former government officials, independent remuneration committee chairman and greater proportion of outside directors as well as effective audit and remuneration committees. This study also finds that the prospect of corporate failure is higher in firms with less than three independent NEDs on both the audit and nomination committees, without audit committee and where audit committee has no one with financial expertise. The results, however, suggest that the possibility of corporate failure is higher in firms whose boards have a female director and where the nomination committee meets often or where its membership is exclusively preserved for independent NEDs. On the interaction effects, the results show that frequency of board meetings as well as its interactions with presence of female directors, audit and remuneration committees effectiveness are positively related to the probability of corporate failure. The results also indicate that a number of interactions between corporate board attributes and functions are unrelated to the likelihood of corporate failure. These include the interactions between board composition measures (i.e. proportion of outside directors, presence of female directors and board size) and the board resource proxy (i.e. former government official). These associations, especially remuneration committee effectiveness, remuneration committee chairman independence, firm size and profitability, are not only statistically and economically significant but also robust to different specifications. Further, the Receiver Operating Curves indicate that the impact of corporate governance measures after controlling for firm size, liquidity, profitability, age, industry effects, and leverage is more profound in two years preceding failure. The implication of this is that corporate governance mechanisms alone are insufficient to rescue the firm on the verge of collapse. The findings are consistent with the idea that failing firms decline in size, managerial performance, corporate board attributes as well as their board`s ability to discharge it`s monitoring and resource roles. This study adds to the debate on the impact of corporate governance on corporate failure by developing, analysing and testing a robust UK corporate failure prediction model which is underpinned by a multi-theoretical framework: agency and resource dependency theories. This study also offers several recommendations for policy makers and firm-level corporate governance strategies in the mix of the numerous corporate governance reforms worldwide, this in particular makes this study unique.
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Johnsson, Victoria. "Shirts, Skirts and Financial Performance : A study of the business case for gender diversity in Swedish and Danish corporation boards." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-34766.
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Problem: Companies need to maintain a competitive position in the market to financially perform, and in order to do so, the companies need to have a good corporate governance structure. In the latter years, the ethical discussion about gender diversity has gained a lot of attention in society, which influence norms, standards and legislations, and also the business. Today, Swedish and Danish firms are obligated to strive for gender diversity in their corporate boards according to the corporate governance codes in the respective countries. However, the financial aspects should be taken into concern, since a company needs to financially perform to keep its operations. It is not established whether an increased gender diversity is related to financial performance, since studies on the field are contradictive. Due to the different results, it is interesting to see what the relationship looks like in the Nordic countries, especially in Sweden and Denmark where quota-based legislation has not yet been established. This thesis investigates the issue to provide evidence for the companies in similar countries if an increased gender diversity is financially supportable. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the gender diversity in the board of directors and its relationship with the financial performance of a corporation. Further, the study will investigate the financial performance dependency on the gender diversity in the board of directors. Method: A sample of 104 Swedish and Danish companies was chosen as observation objects. To investigate the relationship between the gender diversity and the financial performance, a Pearson correlation analysis was made. To identify the financial performance dependency on the gender diversity regression analyses were performed. Hypotheses that were built on agency theory, resource dependency theory, upper echelons theory and previous research were tested in the statistical analyses. Results: The statistical analyses show that there is no statistically significant relationship between gender diversity and financial performance, neither that the financial performance is dependent on the gender diversity. This evidence implies that increased gender diversity in board rooms should be motivated for other reasons than strictly financial success. Companies should consider these findings in the attaining process of directors and focus on other factors than financial progress in the proceeding involvement of women in the board. Thus, a company cannot increase its financial performance only by attaining more women to the board room.Problem: För att prestera finansiellt behöver företag bibehålla konkurrenskraft, och för att göra det är företagsledningen viktig. På senare tid, har den etiska diskussionen kring könsdiversitet fått stor uppmärksamhet i samhället, vilket påverkar normer, standarder och lagstiftning. Svenska och danska företag är förpliktigade att sträva efter könsdiversitet enligt den svenska och danska koden för bolagsstyrning, men även de finansiella aspekterna av könsmångfald bör tas i beaktning eftersom ett företag behöver prestera finansiellt för att kunna fortsätta sin verksamhet. Ännu är det inte fastslaget att en ökad könsdiversitet är relaterat till finansiella framsteg, då studier på området säger emot varandra. Därför är det intressant att se hur denna relation ser ut i de nordiska länderna, speciellt i Sverige och Danmark där kvoteringslagar ännu inte har införts. Denna uppsats undersöker frågan för att skapa bevis för företagen i länderna om en ökad könsdiversitet är finansiellt försvarbar. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka könsdiversitet i bolagsstyrelser och relationen till finansiella prestationer av företaget i fråga. Dessutom ämnar studien undersöka de finansiella prestationernas beroendeförhållande till könsdiversiteten i bolagsstyrelserna. Metod: Ett urval av 104 svenska och danska företag valdes som observationsobjekt. För att undersöka relationen mellan könsdiversitet och finansiella prestationer görs en Pearson korrelationsanalys. För att upptäcka om finansiella prestationer är har ett beroendeförhållande till könsdiversiteten i bolagsstyrelserna gjordes regressionsanalyser. Hypoteserna som testades baserades på agentteori, resursberoendeteori, och övernivåteori och tidigare empirisk forskning. Resultat: De statistiska analyserna visar att det inte finns något signifikant samband mellan könsdiversitet och finansiella prestationer, och inte heller att finansiell prestation har ett beroendeförhållande till könsdiversitet i bolagsstyrelsen. Dessa resultat indikerar att en ökad könsdiversitet i styrelserummen bör motiveras av andra faktorer än strikt finansiell framgång. Företag bör ta ställning till resultaten från denna forskning i tillsättandet av styrelseledamöter och inte förvänta sig en förbättrad finansiell ställning enbart genom att tillsätta fler kvinnor till styrelsen.
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Trevisan, Marcelo. "A ecologia industrial e as teorias de sistemas, institucional e da dependência de recursos a partir dos atores de um parque tecnológico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78035.
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Simultaneamente, eleva-se o interesse pelo desenvolvimento sustentável e os inerentes desafios a ele vinculados. Por outro lado, como uma possibilidade de alcançá-lo entrou em evidência o conceito de Ecologia Industrial (EI). Sua perspectiva fundamental tem a natureza como modelo visando a integração entre os sistemas ecológico e industriais. Caracteriza-se por três escalas de atuação e a Simbiose Industrial (SI) é a mais difundida, envolvendo o intercâmbio de materiais, produtos, água, energia, resíduos, informações, experiências e conhecimentos entre organizações (POSCH, 2010; GIURCO et al., 2011). Entretanto, Deutz (2009) destaca que a EI possui questões emergentes e que necessitam de mais aprofundamentos com as ciências sociais. Em geral, suas pesquisas partem do campo técnico e encontram dificuldades de serem implementadas e aceitas porque não foram confrontadas com os sistemas sociais e de poder que envolvem as organizações. Existindo espaços para estudos que considerem aspectos como cultura, valores, elementos políticos e de poder nas relações interorganizacionais. Dedicando-se uma atenção mínima a esses aspectos reduz-se o potencial contributivo da EI. O desafio é aprofundar, ampliar e integrar as análises em uma concepção sistêmica e transdisciplinar orientada para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Resultados satisfatórios diante dessas imposições abrangem investimentos em P&D, em produtos ecoinovadores e alterações nas práticas de negócios (LOMBARDI; LAYBOURN, 2012). Assim, esta tese objetivou analisar as percepções dos atores de um parque tecnológico diante das interações da Ecologia Industrial com as convergências entre as teorias de Sistemas, Institucional e da Dependência de Recursos. A construção do referencial teórico pautado nas referidas teorias possibilitou estabelecer conexões com a EI e promover a elaboração das categorias de análise que serviram de base para a construção das proposições. A partir da abordagem qualitativa, de uma perspectiva multidisciplinar e do estudo de caso, definiu-se como objeto de estudo a Associação Parque Tecnológico de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Utilizou-se dados primários e secundários compostos por fontes como documentos, acompanhamento de reuniões e observações. Contudo, o principal instrumento de coleta foram entrevistas realizadas com 28 integrantes do parque tecnológico. Para a análise dos dados empregou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que os atores reconhecem a necessidade de ações integradas entre organizações, todavia ainda não consideram que a preservação ambiental seja um valor socialmente aceito e reconhecido com impactos significativos nos resultados empresariais que garantam a sobrevivência da organização. Em geral, as relações não são pautadas por um contexto institucional que incentiva objetivos compartilhados visando suprir recursos críticos. Decisões oriundas do hábito e a ausência de clareza sobre os pressupostos da EI dificultam a sua operacionalização. Embora seja afirmado que exista disposição para abdicar do controle de recursos para obtenção de melhores resultados coletivos, empiricamente a intenção foi pouco observada. Os atores percebem falta de discernimento quanto às responsabilidades das universidades e dos setores público e privado locais no desenvolvimento das interações.At the same time the interest in sustainable development grows, so does the interest in the challenges it brings. As a possible tool to solve these challenges came the idea of Industrial Ecology (IE), which has as its main perspective nature as a model in the integration of the ecological and industrial systems. It is characterized by scales of action and the most well know of them is Industrial Symbioses (IS), which involves the exchange of materials, products, water, energy, residue, information, experiences and knowledge among organizations (POSCH, 2010; GIURCO et al., 2011). Deutz (2009), however, notes that IE brings about new questions in need of a bigger connection with social sciences. Usually researches start in a more technical field and face difficulties to be implemented and accepted because they weren‟t confronted beforehand with the social and power systems that organizations revolve around. Opening spaces for studies that take into consideration aspects such as culture, values, organizational politics and power structures and pays attention to these details can reduce the impacts of IE. The challenge is to examine carefully, broaden and integrate this analysis in a transdisciplinary and systemic view directed towards sustainable development. Satisfactory results in face of these impositions involve investments in R&D (research and development), in eco-innovative products and changes in business practices. (LOMBARDI; LAYBOURN, 2012). Thus, this thesis aimed to analyze the perception of subjects of a technological park on the interactions of Industrial Ecology with the coming together of the Systems, Institutional and Resource Dependency theories. The theoretical reference based on the aforementioned theories made it possible to establish connections with IE and create the categories of analysis that served as a basis to the prepositions. Based on the qualitative approach, on a multidisciplinary perspective and a case study, the Associação Parque Tecnológico of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil was chosen as study subject. Primary and secondary data from documents, meeting notes and observations were used. However, the main data were interviews of 28 members of the technological park. To analyze the data the method of content analysis was used. The results showed that the subjects recognize the need for integrated actions among organizations, yet do not consider that environmental conservation is a socially accepted and well know concept with high impact on business results that can guarantee a company‟s survival. Generally, relationships are not guided by an institutional context that motivates shared goals aiming to supply critical resources. Decisions made out of habit and in the absence of clarity surrounding the purpose of IE can hinder its performance. Although it is said that there is disposition to abdicate resource control to achieve better and shared results, in practice this was rarely observed. The subjects found that universities and the private and public sector lack insight regarding their responsibilities for developing interactions.
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Droll, Steven Edward. "Resource Dependency Theory and the Inclusion of Foreign Nationals on the Board of Directors of Publicly Traded Chilean Companies| A Multi-case Study." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561351.
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European and US companies, who desire to expand from a domestic-oriented focus to a more international mind-set, must undergo significant organizational transformation. Whether the transformation results in the company becoming internationally oriented, a complete transnational organization or anywhere in-between, one of the key components in the transformation process is developing a strategy that is outwardly focused from its natural domestic markets. To develop and execute said strategy, the utilization of human capital resources might be required that the company itself may not possess. Literature review has supported the concept that when European or US companies incorporate foreign nationals on the Board of Directors (BOD), the development and execution of international expansion strategies will increase the probability of reaching their respective strategic objectives. However, literature research is silent as to whether the inclusion of foreign nationals on the BOD of South American companies would result in the comparable results as experienced by European and US companies. This research study will begin to explore if a broader set of theoretical concepts could be applied to publicly traded Chilean companies and through future studies to publicly traded South American domiciled companies. Through an engaged scholarship approach, Resource Dependency Theory will be utilized as the lens through which to present the theoretical and practical applications for the BOD of publicly traded Chilean-domiciled companies to consider when developing international expansion strategies outside of Chile.
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Pearlstein, John Samuel. "POWER AND THE ALLOCATION OF EQUITY AND CONTROL IN INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS: A RESOURCE-DEPENDENCY APPROACH TO SIGNALING AND UNDERPRICING." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/18439.
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Business AdministrationPh.D.
The implication that first day returns of initial public offerings are a consequence of the imbalance of power between issuer and underwriter has been suggested more than it has been tested. An important tool in such an analysis has been missing. Using a resource contribution approach to bargaining power, measures of underwriter and issuer power are created. Significant results with both measures show that consistent with theory, underwriter power is positively associated with underpricing, while issuer power's association is negative. The underwriter power measure compares favorably in this study to Carter-Manaster's prestige measure. The theory presented also suggests that issuers and underwriters engage in a short-term cooperative agreement to bring critical resources to issuers to enhance their initial public offering. Contributed resources form the basis for each firms bargaining power which is strongest when setting the initial file price. Results show the importance of resource power on the distribution of proceeds and how power changes during the registration process. Finally this theory expands signaling theory and suggests that issuers under the influence and direction of their underwriter make pre-IPO organizational changes to send signals of quality to preemptively address investor's concerns. These pre-IPO gambits are intended to increase IPO proceeds, but come at a price. Theories of power are used to create a measure of the relative strength of these actors and find that making TMT changes significantly decreases underpricing. Although underwriter power is significantly associated with change, relative power does not reduce the amount of change signaled.
Temple University--Theses
Books on the topic "Resource Dependency Theory"
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Martin, Will. Outgrowing resource dependence: Theory and some recent developments. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.
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Cavaciocchi, Simonetta, ed. Le interazioni fra economia e ambiente biologico nell'Europa preindustriale secc. XIII-XVIII. Economic and biological interactions in pre-industrial Europe from the 13th to the 18th centuries. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-596-2.
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Pests, parasites and pathogenic agents have exerted a notable influence on the process of economic development of pre-industrial Europe, in view of their influence on the health, longevity and reproduction of human beings, plants and animals. On each occasion man has reacted to biological uncertainty with responses that were public or private, formal or informal and differed in both efficacy and cost. Success has always been partial, and dependent on experience, knowledge and the investment of economic resources. These reciprocal influences have never been allocated an appropriate or convincing place in the institutional model or those of Smith, Malthus, Ricardo or Marx, typically exploited to describe and explain the flux and reflux of the economic development of pre-industrial Europe. In these proceedings of Study Week promoted by the Fondazione Datini, the leading experts in the sector have undertaken to analyse, exemplify and discuss the precise nature of the complex interactions between economic and biological processes and agents. Adopying a stimulating, innovative and interdisciplinary approach, they appraise the degree to which such processes acted in reciprocal independence, whether there was a significant co-evolution and what prospects there are for developing explanatory models that better grasp the essentially bilateral nature of such interactions.
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Martin, Will. Outgrowing Resource Dependence: Theory and Some Recent Developments. The World Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3482.
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The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (Stanford Business Classics). Stanford Business Books, 2003.
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Markowitz, Jonathan N. Perils of Plenty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078249.001.0001.
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Why do some states project military force to seek control of resources, while others do not? Conventional wisdom asserts that resource-scarce states have the strongest interest in securing control over resources. Counterintuitively, this book finds that, under certain conditions, the opposite is true. Perils of Plenty argues that what states make influences what they want to take. Specifically, the more economically dependent states are on extracting income from resource rents, the stronger their preferences to secure control over resources will be. This theory is tested with a set of case studies analyzing states’ reactions to the 2007 exogenous climate shock that exposed energy resources in the Arctic. This book finds that some states, such as Russia and Norway, responded to the shock by dramatically increasing their Arctic military presence, while others, such as the United States, Canada, and Denmark, did not. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, countries with plentiful natural resources, such as Norway and Russia, were more—not less—willing to back their claims by projecting military force. This book finds that plenty can actually lead to peril when states with plentiful resources become economically dependent on those resources and thus have stronger incentives to secure their control. These findings have implications for understanding both the political effects of climate change in the Arctic and the prospects for resource competition in other regions, such as the Middle East and the South China Sea
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Billon, Philippe Le. The Geography of Resource Wars. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.331.
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“Resource wars” refer to the linkages between armed conflict and access to natural resources.Geographically, these wars are frequently represented through world maps of “strategic resources,” combining the physical scarcity and non-substitutability of resources with their uneven spatial distribution and relative geopolitical location to pinpoint “hot-spots.” Yet perspectives on the links between war and resources are much broader than the continuation of resource policies through the use of military force. Similarly, the geographical dimensions of, and geographical perspectives on, these links are more diverse than maps of “strategic” materials. Classical geopolitical perspectives have most frequently linked the concept of resource war to interstate conflicts over the supply of strategic resources, giving way to a narrow and militaristic notion of “resource security.” To explain potential relations between resources and wars, political economy perspectives have articulated three main arguments about resources: an institutional weakening effect increasing vulnerability to conflict, a motivational effect increasing the risk of armed conflict, and an opportunity effect associated with resources financing belligerents. The other set of perspectives originates from political science and development economics studies, and is based on the assumption that the significance of resources in wars is largely rooted in questions of resource scarcity, abundance, or dependence.
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Barclay, Philip, and Helen Scholefield. High dependency and intensive care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0030.
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The development of maternal critical care is essential in reducing morbidity and mortality due to a substandard level of care. The level of critical care should depend upon the patient’s severity of illness, not their physical location. Escalation to level 3 (intensive) care is uncommon in pregnancy, with a median admission rate of 2.7 per 1000 births, mainly due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and haemorrhage. Maternal ‘near misses’ occur more frequently, with 6.5 per 1000 births meeting Mantel’s criteria, of which 85% is due to major obstetric haemorrhage. The admission rate to maternal high dependency units (level 2 care) varies from 1% to 5%. Acute physiological scoring systems have been found to be reliable when applied to parturients receiving level 3 care but overestimate mortality. Maternal early warning scores have been derived from simplified versions of these systems, with allowance made for physiological changes seen in pregnancy. There are many different maternity scoring systems in use throughout England and Wales. All share the same principle that parameters should be recorded regularly during the hospital stay, with deviations from normal quantified, recorded, and acted upon. A chain of response is then required to ensure that suitably qualified staff, possessing appropriate critical care competencies, attend in a timely fashion. Appropriate resources must be available with equipment readily to hand and suitably trained staff so that invasive monitoring can be used. Clear admission criteria are required for level 2 care within the delivery suite and escalation to level 3, with suitable arrangements for transfer.
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Roe, Alan, and Samantha Dodd. Dependence on Extractive Industries in Lower-income Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0002.
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This chapter synthesizes statistical information evidencing the proposition that extractive industries are of great significance in many low- and middle-income developing economies, and so to their development prospects. It examines the scale of the current dependence of low- and middle-income economies on both types of extractive resources: metals, and oil and gas. The chapter also assesses how country levels of dependence have changed in the past twenty years, showing that there has been a clear upward trend based on exports. The chapter outlines how the upward trend has continued in many countries despite the recent commodity price collapse, and assesses some of the consequences of that collapse.
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Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. Budgetary Authority and Coalition Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.003.0008.
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This chapter considers how presidents use their budget powers and the allocation of targeted discretionary spending to manage their coalitions. It considers the costs of budget tool deployment (in terms of time, controversy, and economic resources), and the factors that affect these costs: system-level factors (government transparency, federalism, personal-vote elections), coalition-level factors (coalition size, fragmentation, and heterogeneity), and conjunctural factors (economic crises and energy prices). It explores these factors with cases of budget tool deployment in Ukraine, Ecuador, and Russia. The Ecuadorean and Russian cases illustrate the divergent effects of resource dependence on the cost of budget tool dependence. Finally, it uses data from MP surveys to show the high value that legislators attribute to budget tools, and to illustrate how the composition of coalitions affects the costs that presidents are likely to face.
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Chlipala, Adam. Certified Programming with Dependent Types: A Pragmatic Introduction to the Coq Proof Assistant. MIT Press, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Resource Dependency Theory"
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Biermann, Rafael, and Michael Harsch. "Resource Dependence Theory." In Palgrave Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations in World Politics, 135–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-36039-7_6.
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Celtekligil, Kudret. "Resource Dependence Theory." In Contributions to Management Science, 131–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50131-0_7.
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Georgoulaki, Eirini, Kostas Kollias, and Tami Tamir. "Equilibrium Inefficiency in Resource Buying Games with Load-Dependent Costs." In Algorithmic Game Theory, 83–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57980-7_6.
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Brosig, Malte. "Regime Complexity and Resource Dependence Theory in International Peacekeeping." In Palgrave Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations in World Politics, 447–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-36039-7_21.
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Seth, Tapan, and Attila Yaprak. "Outward Foreign Direct Investment by Chinese Firms: Institutional Theory and Resource Dependence Perspectives." In Impacts of Emerging Economies and Firms on International Business, 32–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137032546_3.
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Bruss, F. Thomas. "The Theorem of Envelopment and Directives of Control in Resource Dependent Branching Processes." In Branching Processes and Their Applications, 119–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31641-3_7.
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Hayter, Roger, and Alex Clapp. "The Remapping of Forest Governance: From Shareholder to Stakeholder." In Knowledge for Governance, 375–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47150-7_16.
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AbstractResource conflicts are widespread features of contemporary globalization. In forestry-related resource peripheries, such as British Columbia (BC), various societal stakeholders are demanding a reform of resource uses away from industrial priorities towards more ecological and cultural ones. Forest conflicts represent institutional clashes that lead to new forms of governance based on new inventories, resource maps, science, and zoning. The authors of this paper analyze the remapping of forest resources in BC as part of broader paradigmatic transformations of society and economy from shareholder to stakeholder models of resource governance, i.e. as a shift in policy-making from hierarchical control by governments and markets to more diffuse, democratic forms of governance. This process is accompanied by institutional innovation and thickening that still need to be assessed for their effectiveness. Whether stakeholder remapping can be certified as good governance remains a context-dependent empirical question.
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Jdanov, Dmitri A., Vladimir M. Shkolnikov, and Sigrid Gellers-Barkmann. "The International Database on Longevity: Data Resource Profile." In Demographic Research Monographs, 13–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_2.
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AbstractEven in countries with very good statistical systems, routine population statistics that cover individuals of very high ages are often problematic, as the proportion of erroneous cases increases sharply with age. The desire to measure human mortality at extreme ages was the main motivation for the establishment of the International Database on Longevity (IDL). The IDL is a uniquely valuable source of information on extreme human longevity. It provides high-quality age-validated individual-level data on the ages of semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians. Moreover, the IDL is the only database that provides such data without age-ascertainment bias. It obtains its candidates from records of government agencies to ensure that there is no dependency between the probability of being included and age. Candidates who meet strict criteria for the validity of their age (date of their birth) are then included in the IDL. Nevertheless, the IDL does not include exhaustive sets of validated supercentenarians and semi-supercentenarians for any country, because it is nearly impossible to find documents that would allow for the validation of the ages of all of the individuals on the list. As of August 2017, the IDL has records on 1,304 validated supercentenarians and 18,590 semi-supercentenarians from 15 countries. The first person in the IDL collection who attained age 110 was born in 1852 and died in 1962 in Quebec, while the last person was born in 1906 and attained age 110 in 2016. This chapter introduces the database and explains its purpose and principles. We also describe the data structure and provide an overview of the information available.
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Swart, J. A. A. "Comment: Sharing Our World with Wild Animals." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 483–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_26.
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AbstractWild animals are falling increasingly under threat as their habitats are being disrupted by human activities and global warming. At the same time, we see wild animals such as wolves actually settling in human landscapes. This forces us to rethink how we can live together with other living beings, with whom we share one earth. The contributions in this book section can be seen as attempts to do just that. However, these developments also challenge the traditional ethical approach towards wild animals, concisely worded as “Let them be”. That falls short in the current era, in which semi-wild, contact zone, and liminal animals are recognized. Animals, whether living in natural or human landscapes, all make opportunistic use of all sorts of resources – including human ones. If circumstances change, either due to natural or human-made causes, they will enter into new interactions with their environment to survive. They are nodes in a dynamic, heterogeneous network of dependency relationships that increasingly includes humans. In this chapter a framework is proposed to indicate the presence of wild animals in the human landscape based on the species’ adaptability and their degree of dependence on humans. The framework shows that species strongly differ in their vulnerability and that a diversity of measures is required in a world in which human and animal domains increasingly merge. Recognizing that we do not have exclusive rights to the earth implies an impersonal care perspective for wild animals as fellow-earthlings. It requires the reconsideration of our ethics, philosophies, culture and politics.
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Mwasha, Saumu Ibrahim, and Zoe Robinson. "Building Livelihoods Resilience in the Face of Climate Change: Case Study of Small-Holder Farmers in Tanzania." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 829–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_49.
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AbstractThe impacts of climate change are already being felt on human and environmental systems, with the brunt of the impacts being felt by communities in the Global South, particularly small-holder farmers due to their poverty levels and greater direct dependency on natural resources for their livelihoods. Hence, there is a need to understand how to build small-holder farmers’ resilience to climate change. Climate change adaptation strategies need to build livelihood resilience in the face of climate change as well as address the factors that contribute to farmers’ vulnerability. This chapter draws from a mixed-method study conducted in three villages each in a different agro-ecological zone in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania, to explore how to build farmers’ livelihood resilience through addressing factors that increase livelihood vulnerability to climate change. These farmers’ livelihoods are vulnerable because of both the impacts of climate variability on the farmers’ livelihood assets and certain social and environmental structures and characteristics. Building small-holder farmers’ livelihood resilience that can ensure the desired levels of livelihood outcomes in the face of climate variability and change, requires integration of strategies across household resource management as well as farm-based livelihood assets, and a holistic rather than piecemeal approach to small-holder farmers’ livelihoods.
Conference papers on the topic "Resource Dependency Theory"
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Anil Keskin, Duygu, Ibrahim Anil, and Cem Canel. "A Study on the Entry Strategies Related with Risk Management of Turkish Companies to the Emerging Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00186.
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There is a wide literature about companies’ entry-modes (acquisition and greenfield) and ownership preferences (JV and WOS) that they use while investing abroad. In terms of these entry- modes, the explanation capacity of Institutional Theory, Transaction Cost Theory and Resource Dependency Theory have been measured by several studies. However, when these strategies are evaluated separately their explanation capacity decreases. Therefore, new approaches are used. One of these new approaches by Dunning states that the explanation capacity of these theories would be enhanced by integrating them. Dunning argues that these theories would be integrated by accepting that ownership advantages would be assessed as resource dependency theory, location advantages would be assessed as institutional theory and internalization advantages would be assessed as transaction cost theory. This Eclectic approach is used in this study in terms of the interactions of three different approaches.
Entry modes with multiple theories would be more effective than a single theory in order to explain the entry modes of these companies. In this study, entry strategies of Turkish companies to the Russia Federation, Balkan Countries and Central Asia are explained, compared and discussed in terms of these theories. The aim of this study is to contribute to the relevant literature by understanding which entry strategy would explain the behavior of Turkish companies while investing in other developing countries.
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Findikli, Mine Afacan. "Resource Dependence Theory, Firm Performance And Producers-Suppliers Relationships." In Joint Conference ISMC 2018-ICLTIBM 2018 - 14th International Strategic Management Conference & 8th International Conference on Leadership, Technology, Innovation and Business Management. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.01.02.14.
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Nişancı, Murat, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, Aslı Cansın Doker, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "The Relationships among Oil Prices, Export, Employment and Economic Growth in Transition Economies with Being High Dependency on Oil Revenue." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01639.
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The argument of natural resources’ curse explains that natural resource wealth of the country, leading to a kind of inertia in the economy causes “spendthrift” position. Accordingly, in the first place, the discovery of natural resources and its price rise have positive repercussions on country’s income and welfare. In the long run, obtained this easy enrichment may well lead to remain barren of other sectors and also affect negatively on diversification of national income and export in natural resource-rich countries. In this study, along with the collapse of the former eastern bloc, the functioning of the argument of natural resources’ curse in the natural resources-rich four transition economies, as the subject of descriptive study was conducted. In the literature of natural resources’ curse, with creating crowding-out effect, natural resources income might well brake to the development of other sectors. In addition, this situation is defined such that with increasing weight of defense industry among other sectors in aggregate income and employment, also not transferred to the social and physical infrastructure investment, particularly in education. In this study, it is examined whether there is oil prices sensitivity on the export, employment, public expenditure and national income in natural resource-rich transition economies. From the analysis results, it can be said that there is significant movements between oil prices and chosen variables and considering those findings, strong/powerful of natural resources’ curse is on process for chosen transition economies.
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Khazova, S. A., and N. S. Shipova. "Emotional intelligence as a resource for codependent women." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.965.977.
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The relevance of the study of personal resources is related to the importance of knowledge about the factors that determine a person’s mental health despite living conditions. The research aim was to study the emotional intelligence as a coping resource of codependent women. Sample: 19 women aged 32 to 47 years who are in a close relationship with a chemically dependent person. All women are clients of groups that help relatives of dependent people in Kostroma. Methods: The Mayer — Salovey — Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 1998 (MSCEIT v. 2.0), adaptation in Russian (Sergienko & Vetrova, 2010); Co-Dependency Assessment Inventory (Weinhold & Weinhold, 2008); Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Folkman & Lazarus, 1988, adaptation in Russian (Kryukova, 2010); Projective technique «Man in the rain» by E. V. Romanova, T. I. Sytko (1992). The results indicate a lower development of emotional intelligence, the ability to understand emotions and consciously manage them, and features of the emotional sphere were found: feelings of insecurity, emotional coldness, impulsiveness and infantile. 47 % of women cope with the situation of dependence of a loved one unconstructively and are prone to excessive self-control, search for social support, and strive to solve the problem in any way. This does not allow you to cope with the dependence of a loved one and with your own codependent state. Regression analysis shows a fairly positive impact on coping behavior of the ability to understand and analyze emotions, use them in solving problems, consciously manage them, and predict their emotional States in the future. On the one hand, distance from the situation is reduced, on the other hand, emotional intelligence creates conditions for confrontation with the dependent behavior of a loved one and for a positive reevaluation of the situation in the context of strengthening one’s own personality. These results allow us to speak about the resource role of emotional intelligence in the situation of codependent relationships.
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Zhuang, Miao, and Ali A. Yassine. "Task Scheduling of Parallel Development Projects Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57159.
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Resources for development projects are often scarce in the real world. Generally, many projects are to be completed that rely on a common pool of resources. Besides resource constraints, there exists data dependency among tasks within each project. A genetic algorithm approach with one-point uniform crossover and a refresh operator is proposed to minimize the overall duration or makespan of multiple projects in a resource constrained multi project scheduling problem (RCMPSP) without violating inter-project resource constraints or intra-project precedence constraints. The proposed GA incorporates stochastic feedback or rework of tasks. It has the capability of capturing the local optimum for each generation and therefore ensuring a global best solution. The proposed Genetic Algorithm, with several variants of GA parameters is tested on sample scheduling problems with and without stochastic feedback. This algorithm demonstrates to provide a quick convergence to a global optimal solution and detect the most likely makespan range for parallel projects of tasks with stochastic feedback.
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Makaryanawati, Sriyani Mentari, Fatmawati Zahroh, and Ria Zulkha Ermayda. "Effectiveness of the Board of Commissioners Role: Review of Resources Dependence Theory." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Accounting, Management and Economics 2018 (ICAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icame-18.2019.31.
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Gori, Fabio. "Preliminary Results for Forecasting the Oil Price Evolution With Negative Inflation Rate." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86729.
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Mass conservation equation is employed to study the time evolution of the mass of oil remaining in a reservoir, according to the mass flow rate of extraction, and to define the critical mass flow rate of extraction, which is the value exhausting the reservoir in an infinite time. The price evolution with time of the resource sold to the market is investigated in case of no-accumulation and no-depletion of the resources; i.e. when the resources are extracted and sold to the market at the same mass flow rate. The energy conservation equation is transformed into an energy-capital conservation equation, which allows to study the oil price evolution with time, dependent on the following parameters. The parameter PIFE, “Price Increase Factor of Extracted resource”, is the difference between the basic interest rate of the capital, e.g. inflation rate, and the mass flow rate of extraction. The parameter PIFS, “Price Increase Factor of Sold resource”, is the difference between the interest rate of the capital, e.g. prime rate, and the mass flow rate of extraction. The parameter CIPS, “Critical Initial Price of Sold resource”, depends on the initial price of the extracted resource, the interest rate of non-extracted resource, and the difference between PIFS and PIFE. The parameter CIPES, “Critical Initial Price Extreme of Sold resource”, depends on the initial price of the extracted resource, the interest rate of non-extracted resource, and PIFS. The present theory is applied to the time evolution of the oil price during the years following the economic crisis of 2008, introducing the new category of cases with a negative inflation rate, that was registered during 2009. The present theory can be applied also to the months with negative inflation rate with a reasonable fair agreement.
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Squartini, Stefano, Danilo Fuselli, Matteo Boaro, Francesco De Angelis, and Francesco Piazza. "Home energy resource scheduling algorithms and their dependency on the battery model." In 2013 IEEE Computational Intelligence Applications in Smart Grid (CIASG). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciasg.2013.6611508.
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Madhu T. Rao. "Formal and Informal IS Control Mechanisms in Multinational Corporations: A Test of Resource Dependence Theory." In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2006.186.
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Bulut, Cihan, Fakhri Hasanov, and Elchin Suleymanov. "The Impact of the Oil Revenues on the Standard of Living in Oil-Exporting Countries of the Former Soviet Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00852.
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The aim of our study is to examine the impact of the oil revenues on the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union and to make policy suggestions based on the obtained findings. It has been explain that resource dependency adjust the structure of these countries' economies, which leads to income inequality compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. Characteristic of resource- rich of post-Soviet oil exporters countries - Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that dependency on resources modifies the structure of these countries’ economies, which leads to income inequality based on employment via a mechanism of labor compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. We are going to employ co-integration and error correction methods in our empirical analysis. Is there a long-run relationship between the oil revenues and the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union; What is the role of dynamics of the oil revenues in the standard of living in the short run; What is the magnitude of speed of adjustment from the short-run fluctuation towards long-run equilibrium of the system; What is the direction of long- and short-run causality in the oil revenues - standard of living relationship.
Reports on the topic "Resource Dependency Theory"
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Meneses, Juan Francisco, and José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
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Havrlant, David, and Abdulelah Darandary. Economic Diversification under Saudi Vision 2030. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp06.
Full textAbstract:
The last decade has brought a row of substantial changes that have profound implications for the traditional hydrocarbon resource-rich economies. Economic conditions may change radically either throughout a decade or within months. The question is whether there is no other option for a hydrocarbon resource-rich economy than to be held hostage to the fluctuations in global oil prices. The general answer to a changing environment is: Adapt! From the macroeconomic perspective, this means diversifying the economy to broaden the income base and significantly reduce the dependence on oil revenues. The Saudi Vision 2030 represents a complex plan for substantial socioeconomic adjustments that are about to move the economy toward a more diversified and sustainable one. This discussion paper examines the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy in more detail, with a focus on the foreseen adjustments in the sectoral composition of the economy along with broader macroeconomic shifts. The evaluation of the foreseen diversification impacts is based on the updated Vision 2030 Input-Output Table that maps the changing structure of the Saudi economy over the coming decade. We discuss the assumed expansion of the diversification frontrunners, their changing contribution to the overall economic activity and identify the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy. The advances in economic diversification are measured by applying the Shannon-Weaver index to sectoral GDP and household income. The expected sectoral changes are wide-reaching, so the basic macroeconomic relations are also subject to adjustments. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of the foreseen diversification on the resilience of the Saudi economy to external shocks.
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Lyzanchuk, Vasyl. COMMUNICATIVE SYNERGY OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN HYBRID WAR. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11077.
Full textAbstract:
The author characterized the Ukrainian national values, national interests and national goals. It is emphasized that national values are conceptual, ideological bases, consolidating factors, important life guidelines on the way to effective protection of Ukraine from Russian aggression and building a democratic, united Ukrainian state. Author analyzes the functioning of the mass media in the context of educational propaganda of individual, social and state values, the dominant core of which are patriotism, human rights and freedoms, social justice, material and spiritual wealth of Ukrainians, natural resources, morality, peace, religiosity, benevolence, national security, constitutional order. These key national values are a strong moral and civic core, a life-giving element, a self-affirming synergy, which on the basis of homogeneity binds the current Ukrainian society with the ancestors and their centuries-old material and spiritual heritage. Attention is focused on the fact that the current problem of building the Ukrainian state and protecting it from the brutal Moscow invaders is directly dependent on the awareness of all citizens of the essence of national values, national interests, national goals and filling them with the meaning of life, charitable socio-political life. It is emphasized that the missionary vocation of journalists to orient readers and listeners to the meaningful choice of basic national values, on the basis of which Ukrainian citizens, regardless of nationality together they will overcome the external Moscow and internal aggression of the pro-Russian fifth column, achieve peace, return the Ukrainian territories seized by the Kremlin imperialists and, in agreement will build Ukrainian Ukraine.
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Full textAbstract:
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
Full textAbstract:
Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.