Journal articles: 'Resource Concessions'

1

Bell, Linda A. "Union Wage Concessions in the 1980s: The Importance of Firm-Specific Factors." ILR Review 48, no. 2 (January 1995): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399504800204.

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This paper evaluates the effects of firm performance and firm characteristics on concession outcomes over the years 1980–87. Across similar firms, the author finds, concessions were inversely related to stock price and employment growth. Concessions were also most likely in small firms, in firms paying high wages, and in firms with relatively low union coverage. The effect of firm performance and firm characteristics on the likelihood of concessions was uniform across concessions of differing severity and was stable in magnitude over the eight-year period.

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2

Strand, Jon. "Lending terms, debt concessions, and developing countries' resource extraction." Resource and Energy Economics 17, no. 2 (August 1995): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-7655(94)00024-e.

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3

Kaufman, Bruce E., and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez. "Voting for Wage Concessions: The Case of the 1982 GM-UAW Negotiations." ILR Review 41, no. 2 (January 1988): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398804100201.

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The authors of this paper use the median voter model to predict the patterns of rank-and-file voting on wage concessions in a multiplant setting, then test those predictions using data from the 1982 GM-UAW negotiations. The model predicts that workers in plants with large layoffs will vote in favor of a wage concession only if they believe that a concession will save their jobs. Surprisingly, workers in plants with growing or stable employment are also actually more likely to vote Yes. A third prediction is that the Yes vote will be smallest in plants with the most adversarial labor relations. The empirical analysis supports all three predictions.

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4

Becker, Brian E. "Concession Bargaining: The Impact on Shareholders' Equity." ILR Review 40, no. 2 (January 1987): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398704000208.

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This analysis of bargaining settlements in 1982–83 shows that, on average, shareholders in those firms that negotiated concessionary settlements enjoyed an 8 to 10 percent increase in the value of their holdings. The author interprets this result to mean not that the value of the firm increased, but rather that concessions enlarged the shareholders' portion of the firm's value at the expense of the workers' portion. On the other hand, concession bargaining does not seem to have reallocated business risk between shareholders and labor. Finally, the evidence suggests that firm-specific sources of risk can explain, in part, not only the magnitude of the concession effects but also the probability that concession bargaining will occur.

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Weladji, Robert B., Stein R. Moe, and Pål Vedeld. "Stakeholder attitudes towards wildlife policy and the Bénoué Wildlife Conservation Area, North Cameroon." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 4 (December 2003): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000353.

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In recent years, wildlife policies that consider the participation of stakeholders have been promoted. An understanding of the stakeholders' attitudes towards conservation and existing policies are critical in designing new policies or sustainable conservation strategies. This paper examines stakeholders' (local people, park staff and professional hunter guides) attitudes, towards the Bénoué Wildlife Conservation Area (BWCA) and towards Cameroonian wildlife policy. The BWCA encompasses the Bénoué National Park and its surrounding hunting concessions that also include some villages. Both the Park and the hunting concessions are two categories of protected areas. Data were collected using informal interviews and questionnaires administered to 114 households from three communities, 17 park staff and seven professional hunter guides. Local people's attitudes towards protected areas depended on the management category of the particular protected area. Local people were positive towards the existence of the Park, but negative towards the system of hunting concession areas. There was local variation between communities concerning these attitudes. Local people were generally positive to maintaining the present Park area, but preferred a reduction in the size of the hunting concessions. Both Park staff and professional hunter guides expressed concern about present management strategies and the extent of illegal resource exploitation. Despite having poor knowledge of the current Cameroonian wildlife policy, most of the local households expressed support for it, but called for increased local involvement in management, off-take and the harvesting of benefits from both Park and hunting concession activities. The Park staff were sceptical about local participation in this context and saw such endeavours as a threat to a sound biodiversity management scheme. The findings indicate the need to strengthen current wildlife policy, promote the involvement of local people and empower the Park staff, both in terms of resources and in terms of skills in interacting with local people. The revised policy should be designed so as to vary according to the category of protected area and allow site-specific adaptations. Local people must experience reduced incurred costs and increased incomes from the Park. An environmental education programme is recommended to extensively disseminate the policy to user groups in the area.

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Bearce, David H., and Jennifer A. Laks Hutnick. "Toward an Alternative Explanation for the Resource Curse: Natural Resources, Immigration, and Democratization." Comparative Political Studies 44, no. 6 (March 21, 2011): 689–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414011401211.

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Why do many resource-rich countries maintain autocratic political regimes? The authors’ proposed answer focuses on the causal effect of labor imports, or immigration. Using the logic offered by Acemoglu and Robinson’s democratization model, the authors posit that immigration makes democratization less likely because it facilitates redistributive concessions to appease the population within an autocratic regime. This immigration argument applies directly to the political resource curse since many resource-rich countries tend to also be labor scarce, leading them to import foreign laborers. Consistent with this understanding, the authors find a statistically significant negative relationship between net immigration per capita and democratization in future periods. Their results also show that when controlling for this immigration effect, the standard resource curse variables lose significance in a democratization model. This latter result suggests that much of the so-called resource curse stems not from resource endowments per se but rather from the labor imports related to resource production.

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Tey, Kian Siong, Michael Schaerer, Nikhil Madan, and Roderick I. Swaab. "The Impact of Concession Patterns on Negotiations: When and Why Decreasing Concessions Lead to a Distributive Disadvantage." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 165 (July 2021): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.05.003.

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8

Gibb, Kenneth, and Lesley Baddon. "Tax Concessions and Financial Participation." Economic and Industrial Democracy 11, no. 3 (August 1990): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x90113004.

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9

Donn, Clifford B. "Concession Bargaining in the Ocean-Going Maritime Industry." ILR Review 42, no. 2 (January 1989): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904200202.

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The U.S.-flag maritime fleet has been in gradual decline throughout the postwar period, but that decline accelerated in the 1980s, with employment levels being particularly hard-hit. As a result, maritime collective bargaining entered a concessionary phase, with widespread concessions in staffing, work rules, and wages and benefits. The author finds that these recent concessions have come both in standard multi-employer agreements and in departures from those agreements on an employer-by-employer and vessel-by-vessel basis. He argues that these concessions, despite their extensiveness, will not be sufficient to halt the industry's decline in the absence of changes in public policy toward the maritime industry.

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10

Abboushi, Suhail. "Union leaders’ willingness to negotiate concessions." Journal of Labor Research 8, no. 1 (March 1987): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02685143.

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11

Weiss, Jessica Chen. "Authoritarian Signaling, Mass Audiences, and Nationalist Protest in China." International Organization 67, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818312000380.

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AbstractHow can authoritarian states credibly signal their intentions in international crises? Nationalist, antiforeign protests are one mechanism by which authoritarian leaders can visibly demonstrate their domestic vulnerability. Because protests in authoritarian states are risky and costly to repress, the decision to allow or stifle popular mobilization is informative. The threat of instability demonstrates resolve, and the cost of concession increases the credibility of a tough stance. The danger of instability and escalation increases foreign incentives to make concessions and preserve the status quo. This logic helps explain the pattern of authoritarian tolerance and repression toward nationalist protest. A case study of two U.S.-China crises shows how China's management of anti-American protests affected U.S. beliefs about Chinese resolve.

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Knoepfel, Peter, and Stéphane Nahrath. "Le gibier, la forêt et les chasseurs à la lumière des régimes institutionnels (essai)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 168, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2017.0176.

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Game, hunters and the forest seen in the perspective of the institutional framework (essay) Game and the forest are both natural resources. They interact through ecosystem services rendered by the forest (service supplier) to wildlife (service beneficiary). This service to the game resource influences other, more direct, forest services (e.g. wood, recreation, non-wood products),which benefit from the regulation of the game by the hunter. The action of hunting, in its turn, hinders the supply of other wildlife linked services, notably economic and symbolic (hunters), scientific (zoologists), artistic (painters) etc. cultural, even linked to identity (nature lovers, members of religious groups). This leads to rivalries between the two resources and to the putting in place of institutional frameworks to solve this conflict. This is the approach we use to discuss the three hunting regimes in place in Switzerland (concessions, licences, prohibition).

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13

Woods, Kevin. "Ceasefire capitalism: military–private partnerships, resource concessions and military–state building in the Burma–China borderlands." Journal of Peasant Studies 38, no. 4 (October 2011): 747–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2011.607699.

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14

Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Joel, Patrick McHugh, and Donald Power. "Collective Bargaining in Small Firms: Preliminary Evidence of Fundamental Change." ILR Review 49, no. 2 (January 1996): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900201.

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This analysis of 481 negotiations in Michigan over the period 1987–91 suggests that fundamental changes may have occurred recently in collective bargaining in small firms. Only 33% of the negotiations conformed to the traditional model of arm's-length collective bargaining; the balance involved either highly contentious or highly cooperative relations. Further, in only one-sixth (17%) of the cases was the contract settled within one week before or after the contract expiration. Delays were more common and longer in negotiations in which settlements were implemented unilaterally by management over labor's objections than in cases involving strikes. Concessions figured prominently in the majority of the negotiations in the sample, with a shift from wage to benefit concessions occurring during the period examined.

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15

Collins, Randall. "What Does Conflict Theory Predict about America's Future?: 1993 Presidential Address." Sociological Perspectives 36, no. 4 (December 1993): 289–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389390.

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Main points of conflict theory are summarized. Multiple dimensions of social resources each generate potential conflicts between haves and have-nots. Potential interests become effective to the degree that they are mobilized, relative to the mobilization of opposing interests; such mobilization depends upon both (1) conditions of ritual solidarity within a conflict group and (2) material resources for organizing. Each round of overt conflict sets the stage for the next round, both materially and by swaying the balance of perceived responsibility for past atrocities. Any particular conflict eventually deescalates, either because material resources for mobilization are used up or by the ritual disassembling of conflict groups. Mild conflicts continue longer than intense conflicts. Deescalation of mild conflicts typically occurs through bureaucratic institutionalization of concessions to interest groups; bureaucratic niches in turn become resource bases for future conflicts. These principles are applied to analyze the patterns of conflict in the United States in the late twentieth century and to predict future patterns of conflict.

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HAGGERTY, MARK E., and DUANE E. LEIGH. "The Impact of Union Wage Concessions on Union Premiums." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 32, no. 1 (January 1993): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1993.tb01021.x.

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17

Wei, Jiegen, and Haoran He. "Incentive contract or tenure reform? Understanding the transition of forest resources management in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-09-2014-0085.

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Purpose – China’s government has been facing a trade-off in choosing between tenure reform and forest concessions to manage forest resources. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the government’s policy choices can be affected by environmental benefits and the economic value of forests. Design/methodology/approach – We build a simple theoretical model and employ province-level data. Findings – The results show that the government will allocate less forestland to local people if environmental concerns are more important and privatize less forest if the economic benefits from forest are higher. Social implications – Therefore, the transformation of forest management policies reflects not only the government’s own preferences but also its gradual adjustment to the changing market and institutional environment. Originality/value – The present paper provides a regulation approach that complements the growing literature on forest resource management.

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18

Encarnation, Dennis J., and Mark Mason. "Neither MITI nor America: the political economy of capital liberalization in Japan." International Organization 44, no. 1 (1990): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830000463x.

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Compared with Japan, no other industrialized country has so adamantly denied foreign investors direct access to its domestic markets. Japan continued to deny such market access until domestic constituencies finally championed foreign demands and successfully pressured a reluctant state for concessions. The initiative for these concessions came neither from Japan's principal government negotiators in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) nor from public policymakers in America. Rather, it came from American and other multinational corporations (MNCs) seeking to exploit imperfect markets for the technology and related assets which they alone controlled and which a few Japanese oligopolists demanded. These local oligopolists served as manipulative intermediaries between MNCs and the nationstate and in that position determined both the timing and the substance of their country's long march toward capital liberalization. Between the legislation of capital controls in 1950 and the de jure elimination of those controls in 1980, what began as an extension of limited concessions to individual MNCs, eventually aided by small regulatory loopholes, gradually encompassed all foreigners supplying broad product groups. During the intervening thirty years, the MNCs examined in this article— including Coca-Cola, IBM, Texas Instruments, and the “big three” U.S. automakers —finally gained limited access to the Japanese market. For them, the formal liberalizations of the late 1960s and early 1970s proved significant, but not always decisive, as Japanese oligopolists moved both to replace public regulations with private restrictions and to mesh their ongoing political influence domestically with their emerging economic power internationally. Thus, de facto liberalization proceeded slowly and unevenly, at least through 1980, and foreign direct investment in Japan continued to languish. What capital liberalization did occur had little to do with the pressures exerted on MITI and the Japanese state by the U.S. government and the international organizations that America then controlled. Rather, American diplomacy proved successful in forcing concessions from Japan only when it was backed up both by the economic power of American MNCs and by the active support of Japanese business.

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Northcraft, Gregory B., Susan E. Brodt, and Margaret A. Neale. "Negotiating with Nonlinear Subjective Utilities: Why Some Concessions Are More Equal Than Others." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 63, no. 3 (September 1995): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1995.1081.

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20

Knutsen, Carl Henrik, and Magnus Bergli Rasmussen. "Majoritarian systems, rural groups, and (arrested) welfare state development." International Political Science Review 41, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512118809106.

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While some scholars suggest that rural groups contribute to welfare state expansion, we highlight their incentives to restrain it. The ability of rural groups to achieve this preference hinges on their power resources, but also on the electoral system. We propose that in majoritarian systems, rural groups can often veto welfare legislation. In proportional systems this is less feasible, even for resource-rich groups. Instead, agrarian groups sometimes accept welfare legislation in return for other policy-concessions in post-electoral bargaining. We illustrate the argument with British and Norwegian historical experiences, and test the implications using panel data from 96 democracies. We find evidence that resourceful agrarian groups effectively arrest welfare state development in majoritarian systems, but not in proportional systems. As expected, the electoral system matters less for welfare state expansion when agrarian groups are weak. The results are robust to using alternative estimators, measures, samples and model specifications.

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FREEMAN, RICHARD B. "In Search of Union Wage Concessions in Standard Data Sets." Industrial Relations 25, no. 2 (March 1986): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232x.1986.tb00676.x.

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22

SAPARI, IMAN, DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH, and SRI SUCI UTAMI ATMOKO. "The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) density in a logging concession of Hulu Belantikan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 3 (March 3, 2019): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200336.

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Abstract. Sapari I, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Utami Atmoko SS. 2019. The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) density in a logging concession of Hulu Belantikan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 878-883. The Bornean orangutan is currently categorized as a critically endangered species. It is found in natural forests in Borneo, where about 78% of the total population is found outside protected areas, of which 29% is in logging concessions. This study aimed to analyze the density of the orangutan population and the abundance of fruiting plants in a logging concession and Protection Forest (Hutan Lindung) in the Hulu Belantikan forests in Lamandau District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Research and data collection was conducted between December 2013 to October 2014. Orangutan population density was calculated using line transect methodology based on nest counts. Abundance of fruit plants was calculated using the fruit trail method. The highest orangutan density, 4.8 individuals/km2, was found in Protection Forest; and the lowest density, 0.4 individuals/km2, was in [Sopanan] the 2013 logging block. Observations in the logging area indicated that selective logging could alter the structure and gap of the canopy and reduce the proportion of large trees. Changes in forest structure resulted in negative effects on the density of the orangutan population. The remaining degraded forests can still be a valuable resource for the orangutan. As long as the disturbance is not intensive, orangutans will retain access to the less disturbed forest nearby and to forests that are still connected to primary forests. The existence of Protection Forest and old logged-over forests around logging blocks are very important for conservation, providing refugia for orangutans and other species when logging occurs.

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Draper, Alan, Julius Getman, Tom Juravich, Kate Bronfenbrenner, Timothy J. Minchin, and Jonathon D. Rosenblum. "No Retreat, No Surrender: Concessions, Resistance, and the End of the Postwar Settlement." Labour / Le Travail 51 (2003): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25149340.

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Sallaz, Jeffrey J. "Manufacturing concessions: attritionary outsourcing at General Motor’s Lordstown, USA assembly plant." Work, Employment and Society 18, no. 4 (December 2004): 687–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017004047961.

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Sharku, Afrim, Marianna Posfai, Valon Gërmizaj, and Fatbardh Sallaku. "HE AGRICULTURAL LAND SUITABILITY AND AGROECOLOGICAL ZONING AS THE MAIN FACTORS FOR RURAL SPATIAL PLANNING IN KOSOVO." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 21, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2016.v21.i1.296.

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UDK 631.164(497.115) The soil is an important non-renewable resource that is vital to human life. It supports terrestrial ecosystems such as biodiversity, fresh air and water, food security, cultural heritage and the built environment, representing a natural and an economical asset of a country. Appropriate scientific information is crucial for sustainable soil management by local, national and regional governing institutions. Productive land is a critical resource for food and biomass production. In a broader sense land resources, management is the implementation of land use planning, as agreed between and with the direct participation of stakeholders. It is achieved through political decisions; legal, administrative and institutional execution; demarcation on the ground; inspection and control of adherence to the decisions; solving of land tenure issues; settling of water rights; issuing of concessions for plant and animal extraction (timber, fuel wood, charcoal and peat, non-wood products, hunting); promotion of the role of women and other disadvantaged groups in agriculture and rural development in the area, and the safeguarding of traditional rights of early indigenous peoples. Land suitability categorization and the agro-ecological zoning are of essential importance for the decision making for justified developments in many policy areas including agriculture and spatial planning.

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Otto, Kathleen, Anja Hoffmann-Biencourt, and Gisela Mohr. "Is there a buffering effect of flexibility for job attitudes and work-related strain under conditions of high job insecurity and regional unemployment rate?" Economic and Industrial Democracy 32, no. 4 (January 27, 2011): 609–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x10388531.

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This article explores the relationships of job insecurity and regional unemployment rate with job attitudes and work-related strain. The authors considered the personality attribute flexibility as a potential moderator. Their results revealed job insecurity to be negatively associated with job involvement and career satisfaction and positively with readiness to make concessions and strain. Moreover, with an increasing level of subjective (qualitative) job insecurity, individuals low in flexibility reported lower career satisfaction. In contrast, where objective job insecurity (unemployment rate) was high, these low flexibility participants showed higher career satisfaction. They were also more ready to make concessions and more involved with their job than those high in flexibility. Finally, the study found the proposed buffering effect, as those high in flexibility experienced less health impairment when perceived (quantitative) job insecurity and regional unemployment rate were high. Strategies of coping with uncertainty as well as options regarding strengthening flexibility are discussed.

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Makino, Keiko, and Kazuhisa Takemura. "Cognitive Structure of Japanese Concessional Behaviors." Psychological Reports 74, no. 3 (June 1994): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.3.771.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the cognitive structure of Japanese concessional behaviors. Subjects were 142 adults living in Japan. We derived 22 categories from 381 episodes of concessional behaviors from responses to open-ended questions. All categories were paired and 204 subjects were asked to judge the similarity of the members. Similarity judgments were analyzed using a multidimensional scaling technique and a cluster analysis. The former technique showed the cognitive structure of Japanese concessional behaviors could be explained by three dimensions of motivation, form of interaction, and resource of the concession. The cluster analysis indicated that Japanese concessional behaviors could be accounted for by seven clusters which concerned the resources.

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Perreault, Thomas. "State Restructuring and the Scale Politics of Rural Water Governance in Bolivia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 2 (February 2005): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36188.

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Recent attempts to grant private concessions to water in Bolivia raise questions regarding the effects of the state's neoliberal restructuring on environmental governance. Like other Latin American states, Bolivia has enacted sweeping neoliberal reforms during the past two decades, including privatization of public sector industries, reduction of state services, and administrative decentralization. These reforms have been accompanied by constitutional reforms that recognized certain resource and political rights on the part of Bolivia's indigenous and campesino peoples. This paper examines the reregulation and rescaling of rural water management in Bolivia, and associated processes of mobilization on the part of peasant irrigators aimed at countering state reforms. Although traditional resource rights of peasant irrigators are strengthened by cultural aspects of constitutional reforms, rural livelihoods are undermined by economic liberalization. The paper examines the implications and contradictions of neoliberal reforms for rural water management in highland Bolivia. These processes are illustrated through a brief analysis of current organizational efforts on the part of peasant irrigators.

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Khan, Ahmad. "Reform Issues in Tax Policy and Tax Administration for Self-reliant Development." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (December 1, 1998): 1105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.1105-1122.

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Similar to most countries, objectives of the taxation system in Pakistan are not well-defined. The stated objectives include resource generation, promoting arealsectorspecific economic activities, discouraging undesired imports/production, and encouraging savings and investment. These objectives have been met through a variety of tax concessions and exemptions, rebates and credits, and differentiated tax rates and tariffs. The revenue short falls/leakages resulting from preferential tax treatment of the desired activities were offset through appropriate changes in various fiscal instruments, e.g. high tax rates and tariffs, regulatory duties, extended withholding and presumptive taxes, excise duties on services, and many more. These measures, in turn, have complicated the taxation system and adversely affected the equity, neutrality and progressivity thereof.

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Kaufman, Bruce E., and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez. "Voting for Wage Concessions: The Case of the 1982 GM-UAW Negotiations." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 41, no. 2 (January 1988): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2523629.

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31

Bell, Linda A. "Union Wage Concessions in the 1980s: The Importance of Firm-Specific Factors." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48, no. 2 (January 1995): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2524486.

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Kaufman, Bruce E., and Jorge Martinez-Vazquez. "The Ross-Dunlop debate and union wage concessions: A median voter analysis." Journal of Labor Research 8, no. 3 (September 1987): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02685324.

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Farkas, Andrea, Nastia Degiuli, and Ivana Martić. "Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Potential in the Croatian Part of the Adriatic Sea and Comparison with Wind Energy Potential." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122357.

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The European Union is a leading patron for the introduction of renewable energy, having set a target that renewable sources will represent at least 27% of total energy consumption by the year 2030. Presently, the most significant Croatian renewable resource is hydropower, which is presently at its peak and will not develop further because of limited hydro resources. Therefore, the share of electricity generation from onshore wind farms in Croatia during in recent years has grown significantly. However, as the Croatian government has already made most of the concessions for possible locations of wind farms, the aim of the present study is to evaluate a different renewable energy resource, wave energy. An assessment of the offshore wave energy potential in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea is performed using data taken from WorldWaves atlas (WWA). WWA is based on satellite measurements, validated against buoy measurements and reanalysed by numerical wave modelling. This assessment was done for seven locations, and mean yearly energy is calculated for two offshore wave energy converters. Capacity factors were calculated for annual as well as for seasonal levels, and it was concluded that the bulk of the energy would be generated in autumn and winter. The most probable extreme significant wave height was determined at the investigated locations as well. Furthermore, the offshore wind energy potential was evaluated and compared to the wave energy potential.

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Evans, Rhonda, and Tamara Kay. "How Environmentalists “Greened” Trade Policy: Strategic Action and the Architecture of Field Overlap." American Sociological Review 73, no. 6 (December 2008): 970–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300605.

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This article examines why and how environmental activists, despite considerable political weakness and disproportionally few resources, won substantive negotiating concessions that far outstripped labor achievements during NAFTA's negotiation. Despite a trade policy arena hostile to their demands, environmentalists gained official recognition for the legitimacy of their claims, obtained a seat at the negotiating table, turned a previously technocratic concern into a highly visible populist issue, and won an environmental side agreement stronger than its labor counterpart. We argue that this unexpected outcome is best explained by environmentalists' strategic use of mechanisms available at the intersection of multiple fields. While field theory mainly focuses on interactions within a particular field, we suggest that the structure of overlap between fields—the architecture of field overlap—creates unique points of leverage that render particular targets more vulnerable and certain strategies more effective for activists. We outline the mechanisms associated with the structure of field overlap—alliance brokerage, rulemaking, resource brokerage, and frame adaptation-that enable activists to strategically leverage advantages across fields to transform the political landscape.

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Franchina, Carlo, Rod Henderson, and Praneel Nand. "Getting the message across—taxation contribution of the petroleum industry in Australia." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14067.

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With the global move towards tax transparency reporting measures, resource companies face challenges in ensuring that reporting captures the full extent of revenues contributed by resource companies and also correctly reports the project and profitability life cycles of resource companies. This extended abstract focuses on the global tax transparency debate and highlights the challenges for large Australian and global oil and gas businesses in demonstrating their payment of their fair share of tax and contributing to the communities in which they operate. Issues to be covered include: A summary of the revenue contribution of oil and gas companies in Australia through the layers of taxation, such as state royalties, the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and corporate income taxes. Highlighting the types and rates of taxes paid by Australian oil and gas companies compared to other selected countries. A comparison of the concessions granted to Australian oil and gas companies to other countries. A historical summary of taxes paid by Australian oil and gas companies. A summary of existing and developing transparency reporting, such as the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) reporting of taxpayers with revenues more than A$100 million, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, Dodd Frank rules, OECD country-by-country reporting, and BEPS developments. Recommendations to get the message across; that is, what should be the common ground on reporting the actual overall global tax liability including income tax, resource taxes, employment taxes and indirect taxes.

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Levin, M., and I. Sheveleva. "Foreign concessions in the Soviet Union of the 1920s: "Why split up"?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-1-138-158.

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Foreign concessions in the USSR existed for a very short period of 8-9 years. The paper considers some causes behind the closure of the concession companies that happened despite the assurances of the Soviet authorities allegedly desiring to attract foreign investment and technology. One of these causes - conflicts between the concessions’ administrations and trade unions in the enterprises; the other refers to the intentionally limited access to financial resources.

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Nazarova, Z. M., and Y. A. Leonidova. "USE OF THE CONCESSION MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFICULT FOR ACCESS DEPOSITS OF MINERAL RESOURCES." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2017-2-82-87.

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The problems of the concession development are considered, which is one of the forms of public-private partnership during developing difficult for access mineral deposits. Data on the historical experience of this form of management in the world and in Russia, including in mineral resources use, are given. The specifics of the implementation of the concession mechanism in the mineral resources use in Russia are reflected, as well as the factors that impede the development of the concession mechanism in modern conditions in the mining sectors of the Russian Federation. The necessity of using concessions for the creation of industrial infrastructure, which is necessary for the development of difficult for access mineral deposits is substantiated.

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Khan, Ahmad. "Note: Analysis of Key Determinants of Tax Policy and Administration." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1999.v4.i1.a8.

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Introduction Similar to most countries, the objectives of the taxation system in Pakistan are not well-defined. Historically, the primary objective has been resource generation for the government. The taxation system has simultaneously addressed the secondary objectives of promoting area/sectorspecific economic activities, discouraging undesired imports/production, encouraging savings and investment. These objectives were met through a variety of tax concessions and exemptions, rebates and credits, differentiated tax rates and tariffs. The revenue shortfalls/leakages resulting from preferential tax treatment of the desired activities were offset through appropriate changes in various fiscal instruments, e.g. high tax rates and tariffs, regulatory duties, extended withholding and presumptive taxes, excise duties on services, and many more. These measures, in turn, complicated the taxation system and adversely affected the equity, neutrality and progressivity thereof.

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Luks, Timo. "Building the ‘House of Industry’: Factory Citizenship and Gendered Spaces at Cadbury’s and Rowntree’s1." Labour History Review: Volume 85, Issue 3 85, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2020.10.

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This article examines the case studies of Cadbury’s and Rowntree’s to show how two particular factories have been transformed into what could be called middle-range experimental spaces. It demonstrates how one particular setting of industrial ‘governmentality’ was established, based on cooperation, ‘mutual understanding’, and ‘empowerment’ in order to overcome confrontational approaches in personnel management as well as outdated modes of ‘benevolent paternalism’. Cadbury- and Rowntree-style social engineering, the article argues, redefined its task to create what one could call ‘factory citizenship’. Within this context, it was the metaphor of building a house that made it possible to foster workers’ ‘responsibility’ without making too many concessions to a more radical version of industrial democracy. Since these concepts had a strong gender bias, the article interprets this particular kind of social engineering as an effort to turn factories into ‘gendered spaces’.

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Gómez-Tagle, Alberto F., Alberto Gómez-Tagle, Diana J. Fuerte-Velázquez, Alma G. Barajas-Alcalá, Fernando Quiroz-Rivera, Pablo E. Alarcón-Chaires, and Hilda Guerrero-García-Rojas. "Blue and Green Water Footprint of Agro-Industrial Avocado Production in Central Mexico." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 9664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159664.

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Mexico is the world-leading avocado producer. The municipality of Uruapan in the Avocado Belt region in Central Mexico produces 153,000 tons a year, nearly 6.4% of Mexico’s total volume. We performed a green and blue water footprint (WF) analysis between 2012 to 2017 in this municipality, and compared the estimated WF volumes with water concessions for agriculture. Mean annual rainfall was 1757.0 mm in the study period, mean effective rainfall 877.2 mm, mean crop evapotranspiration 933.1 mm, and 312.5 mm of mean irrigation requirement. The mean WFtotal was 744.3 m3 ton−1, below the global mean WF for this crop (1086 m3 ton−1). WFtotal was 2.5 times higher in irrigated plantations (1071.4 m3 ton⁻1) than in rainfed plantations (417.1 m3 ton−1). The crop yield was slightly higher (3.8%) under irrigated (10.26 ton ha−1 year−1) than in rainfed plantations (9.88 ton ha−1 year−1). WF and its components varied between years. The lowest WFblue was in 2015 when atypical spring rainfall increased available water during the dry season. The irrigation of avocado plantations doubles water use with a slight yield increase in relation to rainfed plantations. Regarding WF volumes and water concessions, we found that agroindustrial avocado production consumes up to 120% of the surface and groundwater volumes granted to agriculture use in years with dry conditions. The results indicate that other water users are depleted of this resource, creating water stress and scarcity, and leading to water rights conflicts and social discomfort.

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Guidolin, Massimo, and Eliana La Ferrara. "Diamonds Are Forever, Wars Are Not: Is Conflict Bad for Private Firms?" American Economic Review 97, no. 5 (November 1, 2007): 1978–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.5.1978.

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This paper studies the relationship between civil war and the value of firms in a poor, resource-abundant country using microeconomic data for Angola. We focus on diamond mining firms and conduct an event study on the sudden end of the conflict, marked by the death of the rebel movement leader in 2002. We find that the stock market perceived this event as “bad news” rather than “good news” for companies holding concessions in Angola, as their abnormal returns declined by 4 percentage points. The event had no effect on a control portfolio of otherwise similar diamond mining companies. This finding is corroborated by other events and by the adoption of alternative methodologies. We interpret our findings in light of conflict-generated entry barriers, government bargaining power, and transparency in the licensing process. (JEL D74, G32, O13, O17, Q34)

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Doellgast, Virginia, and Peter Berg. "Negotiating Flexibility: External Contracting and Working Time Control in German and Danish Telecommunications Firms." ILR Review 71, no. 1 (April 5, 2017): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917703659.

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This study examines how different participation rights and structures affect employee control over working time. The analysis is based on a comparison of matched call center and technician workplaces in two major telecommunications firms in Germany and Denmark. It draws on data from semi-structured interviews with managers, supervisors, and employee representatives between 2010 and 2016. Unions and works councils in both firms agreed to a series of concessions on working time policies in the early 2010s in exchange for agreements to halt or reverse outsourcing. The authors use Lukes’ concepts of decision-making and agenda-setting power to explain these common trends, as well as later divergence in outcomes. Germany’s stronger formal co-determination rights over working time proved a critical power resource for employee representatives as they sought to re-establish employee control in new, more flexible working time models.

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Min, Thu Yein, Michael Tyagunov, and He Haiyang. "Selection of optimal places for constructions of renewable energy stations in Myanmar using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method." E3S Web of Conferences 270 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127001022.

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The article discusses the formulation of the problem of choosing the optimal places for building renewable energy stations in Myanmar using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method. Today Myanmar is a developing country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar possesses a variety of energy resources, including renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Humans have especially used, and are now using, fossil fuels. After 2010, Myanmar began to focus heavily on renewable energy sources (RES). The Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) is the responsible ministry for the energy sector in Myanmar. MOEE is also responsible for the production, production and transportation of oil and gas. Myanmar has long been isolated from international markets, and funding sources have historically limited development and therefore pressure on its environment. Many of its resources remain relatively intact despite the lack of effective environmental regulations. However, as the country integrates into the world economy and its economic development are accelerating, resource degradation is growing rapidly. Deforestation of closed forests in recent years has been the fastest growing among large Southeast Asian countries, most of which are driven by plantation concessions and other large-scale projects. In order to reduce the use of fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable energy sources in Myanmar, it is necessary to investigate where and which RES are optimal depending on all situations.

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Erne, Roland, and Markus Blaser. "Direct democracy and trade union action." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 24, no. 2 (April 8, 2018): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258918764079.

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Until recently, the political influence of trade unions primarily relied on ties to labour-friendly political parties. Since the 1990s, however, party-union relations have deteriorated, forcing unions to consider complementary political strategies. This article reviews different direct democratic instruments at local, national and EU levels. We distinguish popular consultations initiated by government from above from citizens’ initiatives initiated from below and discuss corresponding trade union experiences in Germany, Italy, Ireland, Slovenia and Switzerland. We also analyse the successful right2water European Citizens Initiative (ECI) of the European Federation of Public Service Unions and the failed fair transport ECI of the European Transport Workers’ Federation at EU level. Whereas unions have successfully used direct democratic instruments to (i) defend social achievements or (ii) as a lever to extract policy concessions, direct democracy is also challenging. Successful direct democratic campaigns require unions that are able to mobilise their own rank-and-file and to inspire larger sections of society.

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Guard, Julie. "A Mighty Power against the Cost of Living: Canadian Housewives Organize in the 1930s." International Labor and Working-Class History 77, no. 1 (2010): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547909990238.

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AbstractConsumer activists organizing in the 1930s against rising milk prices demonstrated the power of a strong grassroots movement to enlarge prevailing understandings of the political and to wring responses from an unwilling state. Their maternalism, combined with milk's emotional, social, and political meanings, attracted broad popular support and deflected criticism from the dairy industry, hostile public officials, and anticommunists. Their campaign for affordable milk became a synecdoche for broader demands that the state restrain business in the interests of consumers and protect ordinary people from the harsh injustices of the Depression. After winning immediate concessions, the Toronto Housewives Association failed to achieve their long-term goals, but their impact was nonetheless significant. Their campaign fueled and informed public debates about the political economy of food and government's responsibilities to protect citizens, pushing socialist policies onto the political agenda under the cover of maternalism. Participation in Housewives' campaigns transformed powerless victims into effective political actors. Housewife-activists challenged prevailing notions of normative feminine behavior, creating social space for ordinary women acting within their domestic roles to engage in direct political action.

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Lebedev, Yuriy Vladimirovitch, Valery Pavlovitch Anufriev, and Vladimir Vladimirovitch Belov. "Multi-Criteria Optimization in Forest Exploitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.549.

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In the article the multi-criteria approach at optimization of environmental management is considered as a part of the scientific basis of sustainable development of territories. The results of research of theory and practice of forest exploitation optimization in the Central Ural are presented. The basic principles of purpose formulation, of general analysis, of justification of optimization criteria and selection of methods of solving the tasks of environmental management (forest exploitation) optimization are revealed. On the basis of these scientific researches the principles of disclosure of uncertainty of optimum decisions in one-criteria tasks of forest exploitation are formulated; the mechanism of optimization by criterion of minimax risk that allows avoiding big losses of the environmental potential of forests is shown. The principles of definition of an optimum variant of forest exploitation according to reasonable concessions to extreme values of criteria of using the resource potential, preservation of environmental functions and a social role of forests are revealed.

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Spillane, John P., and Lukumon O. Oyedele. "Effective material logistics in urban construction sites: a structural equation model." Construction Innovation 17, no. 4 (October 20, 2017): 406–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-11-2015-0063.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify best practice relating to the effective management of materials in an urban, confined construction site, using structural equation modelling. Design/methodology/approach A literature review, case study analysis and questionnaire survey are used, with the results scrutinised using confirmatory factor analysis in the form of structural equation modelling. Findings The following are the leading strategies in the management of materials in a confined urban site environment: consult and review the project programme, effective communication and delivery, implement site safety management plans and proactive spatial monitoring and control. Research limitations/implication With the relentless expansion of urban centres and the increasing high cost of materials, any potential savings made on-site would translate into significant monetary concessions on completion of a project. Originality/value As on-site project management professionals successfully identify and implement the various strategies in the management of plant and materials on a confined urban site, successful resource management in this restrictive environment is attainable.

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Chhabria, Sheetal. "The Aboriginal Alibi: Governing Dispossession in Colonial Bombay." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 4 (October 2018): 1096–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000397.

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AbstractThis article analyzes representations of the Koli as aboriginal in colonial Bombay, and explores the ends to which various actors have narrated Koli aboriginality. It examines the relationship between the historical deployment of the concept of aboriginality and its mediating role in the power of capital and state-making practices in one colonial urban context. The article shows how the Koli, as Bombay's “aboriginals,” gained concessions that served as an alibi for the market-based dispossession of the remainder of the city's population, and also as a pretext for claim-making by peoples with competing collective identities who used the tale of Koli identity and history as a narrative resource to argue for their own nativity. The Koli case helps us understand the co-emergence of the powers of caste and capital in Bombay, and compels us to revisit important, broader questions about relationships between aboriginal or indigenous peoples, capitalism, colonialism, liberalism, and governance.

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Bespalova, L. N. "GERMAN POLITICAL PARTIES AS A RESOURCE FOR SOCIAL REFORM IN GERMANY IN THE 70S OF THE XIX CENTURY." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/19-3/04.

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The paper analyzes the role of political parties and other political resources in the context of social reform in the German Empire in the 1870s. Not only political parties and movements, but also professional associations, entrepreneurial groups that demonstrate a certain degree of social responsibility are referred to political resources. The indicated period in Reich Chancellor O. Bismarck’s domestic policy was marked by an active search for like-minded people represented by representatives of various political parties, economists, and large industrialists for social reforms development and implementation. It is proved that in search of the all-German social support, O. Bismarck demonstrated the ability to maneuver between political parties and groups, business and other social strata. The study focuses on Reich Chancellor’s strategy was aimed at reducing the severity of political and social problems and creating a social balance between different social strata. The author emphasizes that the head of the German government not only sought to isolate the working class out of the social democracy through social concessions, but also to maintain peace and harmony in new industrial society, open the way to its consolidation, which was supposed to come to stability through social reforms. The author pays particular attention to the structure, organization and influence of the political parties. The study provides the statistical data on the share of voters who voted for the parties and the number of deputy mandates received from the results of general elections, as well as describes various political programs.

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Wever, Kirsten R. "Toward a Structural Account of Union Participation in Management: The Case of Western Airlines." ILR Review 42, no. 4 (July 1989): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904200409.

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In 1983 and 1984 four unions at Western Airlines agreed to wage cuts, work rule changes, two-tier wage plans, and other concessions in return for seats on the board of directors, a Health Services Program, financial information sharing, and an Employee Involvement program. The author uses data from interviews conducted with all parties between 1983 and 1987 to argue that meaningful and lasting employee participation occurred only when the union had enough power to induce management to forgo some of its traditional prerogatives (a structural factor); the union and management shared a vision of how participation could serve both parties interests (a cognitive factor); and the union had substantial institutional security (a second structural factor).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Resource Concessions'

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