Journal articles on the topic 'Resonating circuit'
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Robinson, H., H. F. Wu, M. Ames, and P. Schwartz. "Improved circuit design for electrostatic self‐resonating vibroscopes." Review of Scientific Instruments 58, no. 3 (March 1987): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139250.
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Moo, Chin-Sien, Chun-Kai Huang, Kuo-Hsing Lee, and Dai-Jie Huang. "Repeatedly Resonating Ignition Circuit for HID Lamp Electronic Ballasts." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, no. 1 (January 2011): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2044739.
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Stefanovski-Pajovic, Snezana, Milka Potrebic, Dejan Tosic, and Zoran Stamenkovic. "E-plane waveguide bandstop filter with double-sided printed-circuit insert." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 2 (2017): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1702223s.
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In this paper a novel design of an E-plane bandstop waveguide filter with a double-sided printed-circuit insert is presented. Split-ring resonators are used as the resonating elements to obtain the bandstop response. The amplitude response of the waveguide resonator with a single resonating element on the insert is analyzed for various dimensions and positions of the split-ring resonator. The coupling between two resonators on the insert, in terms of their mutual distance, is considered as a next step to the filter design. Various positions of the resonators are considered, including the case with the resonators on the different sides of the insert, which is of interest for the proposed filter design. Finally, a third-order bandstop filter with a double-sided printed-circuit insert, operating in the X-frequency band, is introduced. The filter response is analyzed for various distances between the resonators and for various positions of the resonator printed on the other side of the insert. Proposed filter design is simple, providing for the accurate fabrication, miniaturization and possibility to relatively easy obtain multi-band response, using resonators with different resonant frequencies on the different sides of the insert.
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Kumari, Puja, Pankaj Sarkar, and Rowdra Ghatak. "A Pythagorean tree fractal shape stub-loaded resonator as a UWB bandpass filter with wide stopband." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 13, no. 5 (January 26, 2021): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720001750.
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AbstractA compact ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) is designed by harnessing the efficacy of a Pythagorean tree fractal shape stub-loaded resonator. The design inherently provides the passband transmission poles, which make it convenient to be used in wide passband filtering circuits. The number and the position of the resonating modes can be controlled by increasing the iterations of the Pythagorean tree, as analyzed using odd- and even-mode analysis. Design steps of the BPF are detailed. The designed UWB BPF takes up a small circuit area of (12.13 × 9.59) mm2. The proposed design is fabricated and measured to verify the simulated results. The stopband is extended up to 17.5 GHz with a maximum attenuation of 15 dB.
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Reinert, J., and G. M. J. Parsley. "Controlling the speed of an induction motor by resonating the rotor circuit." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 31, no. 4 (1995): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.395300.
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Obais, Abdulkareem Mokif, and Ali Faeq Ruzij. "Design and implementation of an efficient WPT system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp711-725.
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a technique introduced to transfer power wirelessly. Generally, WPT systems are characterized by low efficiency and low output power. Since WPT process depends mainly on mutual coupling between transmitting and receiving coils in addition to load requirements, it is focused in this work toward enhancing the mutual coupling and conditioning the receiving circuit so as to optimally satisfy the load demand. The mutual coupling between transmitting and receiving nodes is enhanced via inserting three resonating circuits along with energy transmission path and conditioning the receiving circuit such that it accomplishes delivering maximum power to the load node. In this work, an adaptive efficient WPT system is introduced. This system is carried out on PSpice and validated experimentally. Both simulative and experimental WPT systems have accomplished significant enhancement in efficiency. The proposed WPT system has three resonators and three parallel connected identical receiving coils located at 6.61m from the power transmitter. The efficiency enhancement approaches thousands of times the efficiency of a conventional WPT system having similar power transmitter located at the same distance from the receiving circuit, which has a single coil identical to those in the proposed efficient WPT system.
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Mrvic, Marija, Snezana Stefanovski-Pajovic, Milka Potrebic, and Dejan Tosic. "Design of microwave waveguide filters with effects of fabrication imperfections." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 4 (2017): 431–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1704431m.
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This paper presents results of a study on a bandpass and bandstop waveguide filter design using printed-circuit discontinuities, representing resonating elements. These inserts may be implemented using relatively simple types of resonators, and the amplitude response may be controlled by tuning the parameters of the resonators. The proper layout of the resonators on the insert may lead to a single or multiple resonant frequencies, using single resonating insert. The inserts may be placed in the E-plane or the H-plane of the standard rectangular waveguide. Various solutions using quarter-wave resonators and split-ring resonators for bandstop filters, and complementary split-ring resonators for bandpass filters are proposed, including multi-band filters and compact filters. They are designed to operate in the X-frequency band and standard rectangular waveguide (WR-90) is used. Besides three dimensional electromagnetic models and equivalent microwave circuits, experimental results are also provided to verify proposed design. Another aspect of the research represents a study of imperfections demonstrated on a bandpass waveguide filter. Fabrication side effects and implementation imperfections are analyzed in details, providing relevant results regarding the most critical parameters affecting filter performance. The analysis is primarily based on software simulations, to shorten and improve design procedure. However, measurement results represent additional contribution to validate the approach and confirm conclusions regarding crucial phenomena affecting filter response.
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Lamichhane, Hari Prasad. "Technique for Measuring Magnitudes and Phases of Voltage and Current in the Band-Selective Parallel LCR Circuit." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v24i2.27261.
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The current in the parallel LCR (inductor, capacitor and resistor) circuit depends not only on the magnitude of the applied electromotive force (emf) but also on its frequency. The circuit current in the parallel LCR circuit becomes very small in the resonating region, but at the same time, the potential difference across the LC tank becomes very large. These results are justified if there is a large induced current in the LC tank in such a way that the inductive and capacitive branch currents are nearly out of phase so that the vector sum of the currents be minimal. This theory can be verified by inserting a small series resistor in each branch. Finally, calculated magnitudes and phases of the potential differences across the newly connected resistors which are directly related to the magnitudes and phases of corresponding branch currents verify the theory.
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Salman, Maaz, Youna Jang, Jongsik Lim, Dal Ahn, and Sang-Min Han. "Novel Wilkinson Power Divider with an Isolation Resistor on a Defected Ground Structure with Improved Isolation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094148.
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A modified Wilkinson Power Divider is proposed in this paper that utilizes defected ground structure (DGS) in parallel with an isolation resistor. The proposed DGS section is incorporated between the output ports, and the isolation resistor is soldered in parallel with the DGS in the ground plane, instead of on the top plane as in a conventional Wilkinson power divider, to achieve improved or preferable isolation. The proposed design is comprised of two pairs of microstrip transmission lines with equal impedances and varied electrical lengths. The parameters of the main circuit and the DGS section are acquired separately. The parameters of the proposed main circuit are derived by applying conjugate matching theory. Dumbbell-shaped DGS is introduced in the ground plane between the output ports, which acts as a parallel resonator, yielding an attenuation pole at the resonant frequency that contributes to improved isolation. By applying the previous well-known circuit theory, the lumped elements of the equivalent circuit of the DGS were achieved. The physical dimensions of the equivalent circuit for the DGS section were obtained by three-dimensional EM simulation. The measured results show improved isolation, return loss and better bandwidth as compared with other similar works. Furthermore, the proposed circuits designed at resonating frequencies of 3 and 2 GHz presented comparatively good return losses, S11 of about −25.54 and −31.24 dB, respectively, and achieved improved isolations, S32 between the output ports, in an order of about −40.83 and −36.05 dB, respectively, which is rather exceptional and desirable.
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Li, Peng, Jiahao Zhao, Shijie Yu, Liu Guan, and Zheng You. "Resonating Frequency of a SAD Circuit Loop and Inner Microcantilever in a Gas Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 10, no. 2 (February 2010): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2009.2034381.
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Niedermayer, A. O., J. Sell, and B. Jakoby. "Analog compensation of parasitic sensor signals in a subsampling impedance analyzer circuit for resonating sensors." Procedia Engineering 5 (2010): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.047.
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LEE, JOHNNY M. H., STEVE C. L. YUEN, MIMI H. M. LUK, GORDON M. H. CHAN, KING FONG LEI, WEN J. LI, PHILIP H. W. LEONG, and YEUNG YAM. "SELF-POWERED WIRELESS TEMPERATURE SENSING USING MEMS-BASED AA-SIZE ENERGY TRANSDUCER." International Journal of Information Acquisition 01, no. 02 (June 2004): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219878904000203.
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This paper presents the design and experimental results of a Micro Power Generator (MPG) which harvests mechanical energy from its environment and converts this energy into useful electrical power. The energy transduction component is mainly a magnet and a resonating spring made using SU-8 molding and MEMS electroplating technologies. We have shown that when the MPG is packaged into an AA battery size container along with a power-management circuit that consists of rectifiers and a capacitor, it is capable of producing ~1.6 V DC when charged for less than 1 min. Our goal is to realize a MPG to function with low input mechanical frequencies while producing enough power for low-power wireless applications.
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Sayed, Khairy, Farag Abo-Elyousr, Farid N. Abdelbar, and Heba El-zohri. "Development of Series Resonant Inverters for Induction Heating Applications." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.12.975.
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This paper proposes a cost-effective series resonant inverter employed in applications of induction heating. The proposed inverter operates with high-frequency pulse-density modulation strategy for soft-switching. The high-frequency operation (20 kHz – 100 kHz) of this inverter results in a nearly sinusoidal output that is suitable for relatively fixed output applications such as induction heating. The series resonance circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor that are in series with the load. The small size of resonating components is due to the high-frequency switching operation. The practical effectiveness of induction heating power supply is substantially proved by implementing a prototype series resonant inverter. To analyze the performance, comparison between the simulation and experimental results is done by using PSIM program
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Sayed, Khairy, Farag Abo-Elyousr, Farid N. Abdelbar, and Heba El-zohri. "Development of Series Resonant Inverters for Induction Heating Applications." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.12.975.
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This paper proposes a cost-effective series resonant inverter employed in applications of induction heating. The proposed inverter operates with high-frequency pulse-density modulation strategy for soft-switching. The high-frequency operation (20 kHz – 100 kHz) of this inverter results in a nearly sinusoidal output that is suitable for relatively fixed output applications such as induction heating. The series resonance circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor that are in series with the load. The small size of resonating components is due to the high-frequency switching operation. The practical effectiveness of induction heating power supply is substantially proved by implementing a prototype series resonant inverter. To analyze the performance, comparison between the simulation and experimental results is done by using PSIM program
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Zhang, Zhen, Tian Hong Yan, Xue Dong Chen, Bo He, and Xin Sheng Xu. "The Design and Dynamic Analysis of High Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer for Wire Bonding Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.199.
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The ultrasonic transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical vibration, and its vibration characteristics have a great effect on the bonding quality. Bond grid arrays (BGA) application and the ability to decrease the temperature of the wire bonding process urgently demand higher bonding frequencies. The ultrasonic transducer working at 135 KHz has been designed, simulated and tested. Based on electromechanical equivalent circuit theory, the dimensions of the transducer were designed. Through finite element method (FEM), the dynamic characteristics of the transducer were investigated. The 5th order axial mode of the transducer resonating at 133 KHz is the working mode. The undesirable modes near the working mode have a great influence on the quality of bonding and must be considered carefully in system design. At last, the experimental testing was conducted for verifying the design and simulation results of the transducer.
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Ansal, Kalikuzhackal Abbas, and Thangavelu Shanmuganatham. "Asymmetric coplanar inverted L-strip-fed monopole antenna with modified ground for dual band application." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 1 (November 6, 2014): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001330.
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A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna for dual-band application is presented. The single-layer antenna composed of inverted L-shaped exciting strip and an L-shaped lateral ground plane. The antenna resonating at two different frequencies, 2.4 and 5.8 GHz is covering the wireless local area network/radio frequency identification bands. The antenna has an overall dimension of 35 × 5.7 mm2when printed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. The planar design, simple feeding, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into circuit boards. Details of the antenna design, and simulated and experimental results are presented and discussed. The experimental result shows good conformity with simulated results. The simulation tool based on the method of moments (Mentor Graphics IE3D version 15.10) has been used to analyze and optimize the antenna.
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Ansal, Kalikuzhackal Abbas, and Thangavelu Shanmuganantham. "Compact ACS-fed antenna with DGS and DMS for WiMAX/WLAN applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 7 (March 30, 2015): 1095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000537.
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A novel compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed planar antenna with defected ground structure and defected microstrip structure for dual band application is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of defect in both ground plane and radiating strip. The antenna has an overall dimension of 21 × 15.35 × 1.6 mm3when printed on a substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. The antenna resonating at two different frequencies of 3.5 and 5.5 GHz is coveringworldwide interoperability microwave access and wireless local area network bands. The planar design, simple feeding technique, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into the circuit board. Details of the antenna design, simulated, and experimental results are presented and discussed. Simulation tool, based on the method of moments (Mentor Graphics IE3D version 15.10) has been used to analyze and optimize the antenna.
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Tomassoni, Cristiano, Lorenzo Silvestri, Maurizio Bozzi, and Luca Perregrini. "Substrate-integrated waveguide filters based on mushroom-shaped resonators." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 4-5 (April 7, 2016): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000453.
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This paper presents a new class of quasi-elliptic pass-band filters in substrate-integrated waveguide technology, which exhibits compact size and modular geometry. These filters are based on mushroom-shaped metallic resonators, and they can be easily implemented using a standard dual-layer printed circuit board manufacturing process. The presented filters exploit non-resonating modes to obtain coupling between non-adjacent nodes in the case of in-line geometry. The resulting structure is very compact and capable of transmission zeros. In this work, the singlet configuration is preliminarily investigated, and a parametric study is performed. The design of three-pole, four-pole, and higher-order filters is illustrated with examples and thoroughly discussed. A four-pole filter operating at the frequency of 4 GHz has been manufactured and experimentally verified, to validate the proposed technique.
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Kumar, V., and Y. Wu. "Metamaterial Based Circular Disc Patch Antenna Miniaturization." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 5 (December 15, 2018): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i5.841.
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A novel metamaterial structure has been proposed for its operation at 2.4 GHz. A circular disc patch antenna resonating at dual band frequency with 2.4 GHz and 3.36 GHz has been designed using full field solver CST MWS tool and the loading effect of the metamaterial has been shown. The loading of metamaterial shows a radial size reduction of 56.71% in the circular disc patch (dimensional space reduction by 81.26%) while the effect of loading the metamaterial array and loading the metamaterial with defected ground plane show that without reducing the disc patch radius, the patch antenna can resonate at 1.00 and 1.942 GHz respectively, these yield a lower frequency shift of 58.33% and 19.79%. The designed metamaterial consists of two copper conductive concentric circular rings over a polyimide substrate. Various antenna parameters such as S11, VSWR, Bandwidth, Gain, Directivity and Radiation efficiency have been obtained for the circular disc patch antenna, circular disc patch antenna loaded with the metamaterial, circular disc patch antenna loaded with an array of metamaterial and are compared. A spice circuit has been derived for the reflection coefficient of the circular disc patch without loading the metamaterial, circular disc patch loaded with metamaterial using Keysight based ADS tool for its inclusion in a traditional electrical circuit solver tool.
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RajeshKumar, Narayanasamy, Palani Sathya, Sharul Rahim, and Akaa Eteng. "Reduced Cross-Polarization Patch Antenna with Optimized Impedance Matching Using a Complimentary Split Ring Resonator and Slots as Defected Ground Structure." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2021): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360613.
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An innovative method is proposed to improve the cross-polarization performance and impedance matching of a microstrip antenna by integrating a complimentary split ring resonator and slots as a defected ground structure. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) enables the design take into consideration the mutual coupling between the antenna patch and the Defected Ground Structure. The input impedance and surface current density analysis confirms that the integration of a CSRR within a rectangular microstrip patch antenna leads to uniform comparative cross-polarization level below 40 dB in the H-plane, over an angular range of ± 50°. Introducing parallel slots, as well, leads to a reduction of spurious antenna radiation, thereby improving the impedance matching. Measurements conducted on a fabricated prototype are consistent with simulation results. The proposed antenna has a peak gain of 4.16 dB at 2.6 GHz resonating frequency, and hence is good candidate for broadband service applications.
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Iqbal, Amjad, Ahsan Altaf, Mujeeb Abdullah, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Ernesto Limiti, and Sunghwan Kim. "Modified U-Shaped Resonator as Decoupling Structure in MIMO Antenna." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2020): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081321.
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This paper presents an isolation enhancement of two closely packed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system using a modified U-shaped resonator. The modified U-shaped resonator is placed between two closely packed radiating elements resonating at 5.4 GHz with an edge to edge separation distance of 5.82 mm (λ∘/10). Through careful adjustment of parametric modelling, the isolation level of −23 dB among the densely packed elements is achieved. The coupling behaviour of the MIMO elements is analysed by accurately designing the equivalent circuit model in each step. The antenna performance is realized in the presence and absence of decoupling structure, and the results shows negligible effects on the antenna performance apart from mutual coupling. The simple assembly of the proposed modified U-shaped isolating structure makes it useful for several linked applications. The proposed decoupling structure is compact in nature, suppress the undesirable coupling generated by surface wave and nearby fields, and is easy to fabricate.
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Anjali, M., Kumaran Rengaswamy, Abhishek Ukey, Lincy Stephen, C. V. Krishnamurthy, and V. Subramanian. "Flexible metamaterial based microwave absorber with epoxy/graphene nanoplatelets composite as substrate." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 6 (February 14, 2023): 063105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138171.
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Customization of substrates for the design of metamaterial absorbers gives the user a wide choice of parameters like flexibility, thickness, dielectric constant, etc. Polymer composites are attractive in this regard as they provide a variety of options to fabricate substrates with desirable properties depending on the matrix and filler materials. In this work, flexible polymer nanocomposites with different weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) in epoxy were fabricated and the dielectric characterization was performed. The presence of GnP increased the real part of the dielectric constant from 2.5 for 0 wt. % to 14.7 for 9 wt. % of the epoxy-GnP composites measured in X-band frequency. The substrate with 5 wt. % of GnP in epoxy having a relative permittivity of 7.3–j0.25 is chosen to design a metamaterial absorber, and the absorption studies are carried out numerically. The proposed absorber having a thickness of λ/22 is shown to have a maximum absorption of 99.8% at the frequency 9.88 GHz. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model of the absorber is proposed and the analytical values of the circuit elements are determined. The metamaterial prototype is fabricated by coating metallic resonating structures on top of the flexible E-GnP5 substrate of thickness 1.4 mm by thermal evaporation. The performance of the fabricated absorber agrees well with the simulation results. These polymer nanocomposites with good flexibility, thermal stability, and optimum dielectric properties would be the future materials for developing conformal metamaterial absorbers for microwave applications.
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Priya, Shashank, Hyun-Cheol Song, Yuan Zhou, Ronnie Varghese, Anuj Chopra, Sang-Gook Kim, Isaku Kanno, et al. "A Review on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods, and Circuits." Energy Harvesting and Systems 4, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2016-0028.
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Abstract Piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (PiezoMEMS) are attractive for developing next generation self-powered microsystems. PiezoMEMS promises to eliminate the costly assembly for microsensors/microsystems and provide various mechanisms for recharging the batteries, thereby, moving us closer towards batteryless wireless sensors systems and networks. In order to achieve practical implementation of this technology, a fully assembled energy harvester on the order of a quarter size dollar coin (diameter=24.26 mm, thickness=1.75 mm) should be able to generate about 100 μW continuous power from low frequency ambient vibrations (below 100 Hz). This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in microscale piezoelectric energy harvesting, summarizing key metrics such as power density and bandwidth of reported structures at low frequency input. This paper also describes the recent advancements in piezoelectric materials and resonator structures. Epitaxial growth and grain texturing of piezoelectric materials is being developed to achieve much higher energy conversion efficiency. For embedded medical systems, lead-free piezoelectric thin films are being developed and MEMS processes for these new classes of materials are being investigated. Non-linear resonating beams for wide bandwidth resonance are also reviewed as they would enable wide bandwidth and low frequency operation of energy harvesters. Particle/granule spray deposition techniques such as aerosol-deposition (AD) and granule spray in vacuum (GSV) are being matured to realize the meso-scale structures in a rapid manner. Another important element of an energy harvester is a power management circuit, which should maximize the net energy harvested. Towards this objective, it is essential for the power management circuit of a small-scale energy harvester to dissipate minimal power, and thus it requires special circuit design techniques and a simple maximum power point tracking scheme. Overall, the progress made by the research and industrial community has brought the energy harvesting technology closer to the practical applications in near future.
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Elgeziry, Mahmoud, Filippo Costa, and Simone Genovesi. "Design Guidelines for Sensors Based on Spiral Resonators." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22052071.
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Wireless microwave sensors provide a practical alternative where traditional contact-based measurement techniques are not possible to implement or suffer from performance deterioration. Resonating elements are commonly used in these sensors as the sensing concept relies on the resonance properties of the employed structure. This work presents some simple guidelines for designing displacement sensors based on spiral resonator (SR) tags. The working principle of this sensor is based on the variation of the coupling strength between the SR tag and a probing microstrip loop with the distance between them. The performance of the sensor depends on the main design parameters, such as tag dimensions, filling factor, number of turns, and the size of probing loop. The guidelines provided herein can be used for the initial phase of the design process by helping to select a preliminary set of parameters according to the desired application requirements. The provided conclusions are supported using electromagnetic simulations and analytical expressions. Finally, a corrected equivalent circuit model that takes into account the phenomenon of the resonant frequency shift at small distances is provided. The findings are compared against experimental measurements to verify their validity.
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Kulkarni, Jayshri Sharad. "An ultra-thin, dual band, Sub 6 GHz, 5G and WLAN antenna for next generation laptop computers." Circuit World 46, no. 4 (April 18, 2020): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-07-2019-0076.
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Purpose The purpose of this manuscript is to present a novel, compact and ultra-thin “3”-shaped monopole antenna for wireless operations in the laptop computer. The thickness of the antenna is only 0.2 mm and is designed using only a pure copper strip of size 17.5 × 6 mm2. Design/methodology/approach The simple structure of the proposed antenna consists of two monopole radiating strips, namely, AC and CD and an open-ended rectangular tuning stub BE of length 9mm. Findings This structure inspires two resonating modes at 3.45 and 5.5 GHz and achieves the measured impedance band width as 20% (3.21-3.91) GHz in lower band (F_l) and 15% (5.05-5.85) GHz in the upper band (F_u) for voltage standing wave ratio < 2. These two bands cover 5GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) and 3.3-3.6GHz (sub 6GHz) 5G bands. The measured radiation performance including, nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns, a stable gain of around 5 dBi and excellent efficiency around 90% in both operating bands have been achieved. Furthermore, a simplified equivalent circuit model has been derived and its simulation is performed. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement, which demonstrates the applicability of the antenna structure for WiMAX/WLAN operations in the prominent ultra-thin laptop computers. Originality/value The proposed antenna is designed without using any reactive elements, vias or matching circuits for excitation of WLAN and 5G bands in the laptop computers. The design also does not require any additional ground for mounting the antenna. The proposed antenna has a very low profile, is ultra-thin, cost-effective, easy to manufacture and can be easily embedded inside next generation laptop computers.
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Nwajana, Augustine O., Gerald K. Ijemaru, Kenneth L. M. Ang, Jasmine K. P. Seng, and Kenneth S. K. Yeo. "Unbalanced Two-Way Filtering Power Splitter for Wireless Communication Systems." Electronics 10, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050617.
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A compact unbalanced two-way filtering power splitter with an integrated Chebyshev filtering function is presented. The design is purely based on formulations, thereby eliminating the constant need for developing complex optimization algorithms and tuning, to deliver the desired amount of power at each of the two output ports. To achieve miniaturization, a common square open-loop resonator (SOLR) is used to distribute energy between the two integrated channel filters. In addition to distributing energy, the common resonator also contributes one pole to each integrated channel filter, hence, reducing the number of individual resonating elements used in achieving the integrated filtering power splitter (FPS). To demonstrate the proposed design technique, a prototype FPS centered at 2.6 GHz with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 3% is designed and simulated. The circuit model and layout results show good performances of high selectivity, less than 1.7 dB insertion loss, and better than 16 dB in-band return loss. The common microstrip SOLR and the microstrip hair-pin resonators used in implementing the proposed integrated FPS ensures that an overall compact size of 0.34 λg × 0.11 λg was achieved, where λg is the guided-wavelength of the 50 Ω microstrip line at the fundamental resonant frequency of the FPS passband.
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Knapp, Raymond. ""Selbst dann bin ich die Welt": On the Subjective-Musical Basis of Wagner's Gesamtkunstwelt." 19th-Century Music 29, no. 2 (2005): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2005.29.2.142.
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In Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, the title characters conceive their union as a direct linkage between self and world, a linkage that involves a crucial short circuit, bypassing societal conventions and institutions, and echoing the nineteenth-century Germanic disdain for "Civilization" as opposed to "Culture." Facilitating this Wagnerian short circuit is a fluid musical discourse that can seem, alternately and even simultaneously, either to simulate a single consciousness, in which impressions and memory freely commingle, or to provide a deep sense of the world, bypassing surfaces to evoke a kind of world-sublime (or "world-breath," as Isolde would have it). Generally absent from Wagner's music are the correlatives of "Civilization": well-articulated forms and other markers of conventional musical types, which would disrupt the sense of musical flow essential to WagnerÕs "Gesamtkunstwelt."In this article, I trace the roots of Wagner's practice both in German Idealist thought and in Beethoven, especially as received through a totalizing mode of Beethoven reception fostered by Wagner, in which Beethoven's "voice" seems fully coextensive with his music while resonating on a deep level with the Germanic Welt. I then sketch two separately developed modes of post-Wagnerian dramatic music. I first describe how Mahler's novelistic musical discourse sometimes imposes a sense of continuity on the broken surfaces of a world through an overpowering musical "flow," a process that derives from the ways that Leitmotivs emerge from the fluid orchestral fabric of Wagner's music, but reverses the latter's sense of intrinsic embeddedness by beginning with the sounding surface of the experienced world. I then briefly lay out how and why WagnerÕs technique has proven so useful for film music and consider the ways that the overtly Wagnerian scoring of Excalibur (John Boorman, 1981) supports a particularly Wagnerian retelling of the Arthurian legends.
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Stevens, Colin, Robert Dean, and Chris Wilson. "Micromachined Snap-In Resonators." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (January 1, 2012): 001920–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-wp31.
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MEMS resonators have many applications, including micromachined gyroscopes, resonating pressure sensors and RF devices. Typically, MEMS resonators consist of a proof mass and suspension system that allows the proof mass motion in one or two directions. Micromachined actuators provide kinetic energy to the proof mass, usually at its resonant frequency. In the simplest resonators, the actuators are driven with an AC signal at or near the resonant frequency. In more complex resonators, the actuator-proof mass system is placed in an amplifier feedback circuit so that the electromechanical system self-resonates. MEMS parallel plate actuators (PPAs) are simple to realize, yet complex nonlinear variable capacitors. If a DC voltage is applied in attempt to move the proof mass greater than 1/3 of the electrode rest gap distance, the device becomes unstable and the electrodes snap into contact. A current limiting resistor is often placed in series with the PPA to limit short circuit current due to a snap-in event. Consider the effect of placing a large resistor, on the order on 10 meg-Ohms, in series with the PPA. Then apply a DC voltage across the resistor-PPA pair of sufficient voltage to cause snap-in. Once the electrostatic force (ES) exceeds the spring force (SF), the electrodes will accelerate toward each other. The capacitance between the electrodes swells as the separation distance shrinks. Since the large resistor limits the charging rate of the capacitor, the voltage across it drops. Once the SF exceeds the EF, the momentum of the movable electrode brings it into contact with the fixed electrode, discharging the capacitor. The movable electrode then accelerates away from the fixed electrode while the resistor slowly allows recharging. After recharging, the cycle repeats resulting in stable oscillation. This resonator requires only a DC power supply, a resistor and a MEMS PPA.
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Zhang, Zhong Shan, Liang Tang, and Lei Ji. "Q-Factor Improving of Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator for Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.509.
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Film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBARs) with relatively high Q-factor are considered good candidates to be used in the RF module of chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs). In order to simulate and analyze the resonant properties, the Mason equivalent circuit of the FBAR device is introduced, which consists of five parts including top electrode layer, low temperature silicon oxide layer, piezoelectric layer, bottom electrode layer and a composite support structure layer. With the practical processing conditions considered, the piezoelectric layer with a reasonable thickness of 1.30um is selected to achieve a FBAR device with resonant frequency 4.60GHz and Q-factor 278 by the simulation and analysis. In order to further improve the Q-factor, SiO2 thin films with thicknesses from 0.10um to 0.50um placed between the top electrode and piezoelectric layer are introduced. However, as the SiO2 thin film is introduced, the resonant frequency of the FBAR device will drop. In order to keep the resonant frequency fixed to 4.60GHz, the thickness of the piezoelectric layer is adjusted. Finally, the FBAR device resonating at 4.60GHz with Q-factor 627 is achieved, the thicknesses of the SiO2 film and piezoelectric layer of which are 0.20um and 0.69um respectively. The Q-factor of the FBAR device improves about 350, and the FBAR device is expected to be used in CSACs.
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Soni, Umesh Kumar, and Ramesh Kumar Tripathi. "A low-power prototype of contactless field power controlled BLAC and BLDC motors." Wireless Power Transfer 7, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wpt.2020.11.
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AbstractIn this paper, a new design configuration has been proposed in which a prototype of resonant inductive power transfer-based contactless power transfer to wound rotor has been developed which provides field power to brushless alternating current (BLAC) or brushless direct current (BLDC) motors without the use of permanent magnets in the rotor. Further, wound field in the rotor of DC motor can be powered without carbon brushes. The proposed design facilitates motor performance improvement by adding an extra dimension of field flux control, while the armature circuit is conventionally fed from position detection and commutation schemes. It contains a primary multilayer concentrated coil fed with high-frequency resonating AC supply or switched mode supply. A single layer helical secondary coil coaxially fixed on the shaft receives high frequency wireless AC power transmitted from primary coil. Fast rectifier inside the hollow shaft and DC filter provides the transferred DC power to field terminals in the rotor. It has been verified that rotor power can be varied linearly with linear variation in input DC power with the highest efficiency at the resonant frequency. Available power to the rotor remains invariable with rotational speed and angle, which is a necessary requirement for rotor field. DC voltage on the rotor terminals can be effectively controlled during standstill as well as during rotation at any speed.
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Ryu, Yo-Han, and Sung-Soo Kim. "Design and Fabrication of Metamaterial Absorbers Used for RF-ID." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.2.131.
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Radio frequency identification (RF-ID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. In response to the need to suppress the electromagnetic interference between adjacent RF-ID equipment or systems, this study aims to achieve a thin and multi-resonance absorber using metamaterials composed of patterned grids on a grounded dielectric substrate in the frequency region of UHF and microwaves. A computational tool (ANSYS HFSS) was used to model and estimate the reflection coefficient and surface current distribution. The samples used to measure reflection loss were fabricated by the printed circuit board (PCB) method in which a copper film was deposited on both sides of a photosensitized board. The reflection loss was measured using a free space measurement system, composed of a pair of horn antennas and network analyzer. The grid-patterned metamaterial absorbers exhibited dual-band absorption peaks at 0.88 GHz and 2.45 GHz with a small substrate thickness (about 3.7 mm) that can be usefully applied to electromagnetic compatibility in RF-ID system. Magnetic coupling is achieved via antiparallel currents in the grid conductor on the top layer and the ground conductor on the bottom layer. Since the magnetic response is influenced by the dimension of the resonators, it is possible to achieve two resonances by scaling the resonating structures. The metamaterial absorbers also exhibited good oblique incidence performance. A high level of absorption (above 10 dB) was maintained at up to 30 degrees of incidence angle for both TE and TM polarization.
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Deacu, Daniela. "RFID Loop Tags for Merchandise Identification Onboard Ships." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.969.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most actual techniques employed to control the circuit of merchandises, as an alternative to the classical barecode. RFID tags should be cheap and easy to reproduct on a multitude of dielectric supports. There are several types of RFID systems, depending on whether tag and/or reader are active or passive. For cost reasons, merchandise identification should use active reader and passive tag, as the latter might be manufactured on a cheap FR4 support or printed directly on paper, by using a conductive ink. Passive tags can be shaped as straight dipoles, meandered dipoles, or loops. When a small area is required, loops are more appropriated. Codes are made different one from another by using on the same tag antennas with different resonance frequencies. Another advantage of loops is that they can be placed one inside other, so the occupied area is even smaller compared to other multi-resonant tags. Firstly, a single loop is analyzed, in order to model the resonant behaviour, correlated to the loop geometry and size. Open and closed loops are studied; the lowest resonance frequency for a given loop length is achieved for the open loop. In that case, the loop is resonating as a dipole. Next, a tag with three concentric loops is investigated. Separately, a small loop is used on the tag, in order to couple the received power in a resistor. When the tag is close to the reader, the latter is triggered if power is absorbed simultaneously on the three expected frequencies. The proposed tag was simulated and manufactured. Results show a good agreement between measured and simulated data. Finally, a block diagram for the reader was proposed.
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Dionigi, Marco, Guido De Angelis, Antonio Moschitta, Mauro Mongiardo, and Paolo Carbone. "A Simple Ranging System Based on Mutually Coupled Resonating Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 63, no. 5 (May 2014): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2298174.
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M.H, Yogesh Kumar, and Guruswamy K.P. "Performance Comparison of LCL Half bridge and LCL Push Pull Resonant Converter for 5G Communication." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d3443.0411422.
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In recent communication technology DC-DC converters are widely used for different applications. Here two converters LCL half bridge resonant and LCL push pull resonant converters are designed for 5G communication application. In both the converters, the switching devices operates at zero voltage switching (ZVS). The proposed technique eliminates switching loss, reduce stress on switching devices and increase efficiency. Here the capacitor act as resonating component as well as tune filter at load side this will reduce number of components. The proposed circuits are designed at 240V input, 48V output voltage and the circuits are designed and simulated results are verified.
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Kirihara, Soshu, Noritoshi Ohta, Youhei Takinami, and Satoko Tasakai. "Smart Processing of Micro Photonic Crystals for Terahertz Wave Control - Freeform Fabrication by Stereolithographic Technique -." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1925.
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Photonic crystals with periodically arranged structures of ceramics can reflect light or electromagnetic waves through Bragg diffraction and exhibit forbidden gaps in transmission spectra. We have successfully fabricated micro diamond crystals including twined lattices with plane defects to realize wavelength selections in terahertz frequency ranges. Novel smart processing composed of computer aided design, manufacturing and evaluation was established. The terahertz waves are expected to detect micro cracks in material surfaces and structural defects in electric circuits by fine wave interferences, and to analyze cancer cells in human skins and toxic bacteria in natural foods through high frequency excitations. In the fabrication processes using micro patterning stereo-lithography, the photo sensitive resin paste including alumina fine particles were spread on a glass substrate with 10 µm in layer thickness by moving a knife edge, and cross sectional images of ultra violet ray were exposed by using a digital micro mirror device with 2 µm in part accuracy. Through the layer stacking process, micrometer order structures were formed exactly. Dense ceramic components could be obtained through dewaxing and sintering heat treatments. The electromagnetic wave transmission spectra were measured by terahertz wave spectroscopy. The micro diamond lattices could form perfect photonic band gaps opining for all crystal directions. The introduced plane defects realized the wave select resonations. This resonation behavior was visualized and analyzed by finite difference time domain simulations.
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Ripamonti, Giancarlo, Andrea Abba, and Angelo Geraci. "High frequency, high time resolution time-to-digital converter employing passive resonating circuits." Review of Scientific Instruments 81, no. 5 (May 2010): 054705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3432002.
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Ishida, Hiroki, and Hiroto Furukawa. "Wireless Power Transmission Through Concrete Using Circuits Resonating at Utility Frequency of 60 Hz." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 30, no. 3 (March 2015): 1220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2014.2322876.
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Kumar, Ashwini, and Amar Pharwaha. "CPW-Fed Wide Band Micro-machined Fractal Antenna with Band-notched Function." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 8 (October 7, 2020): 929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350812.
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In this paper, a straightforward yet effective design methodology to design wideband antenna with band notched characteristics has been proposed. Sierpinski carpet fractal geometry has been used to realize the antenna structure. Co-planar waveguide feed is used with a novel structure to achieve larger impedance bandwidth and band notching characteristics. Proposed antenna is designed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) on a low cost FR4 substrate (ɛr=4.4) which resonates at three frequencies 1.51 GHz (1.19-2.06GHz), 6.53 GHz and 8.99 GHz (4.44-9.54 GHz) while a band is notched at 10.46 GHz (9.32-11.92 GHz). The proposed antenna has an electrical dimension of 0.36 λm× 0.24 λm, here λm is the wavelength with respect to lowest resonating frequency of the antenna. The resonating and radiation characteristics of the antenna are verified experimentally. Further, investigations are made to achieve easy integration of the antenna to the monolithic microwave integrated circuits. For that the antenna has been designed on micro-machined high index Silicon substrate which improve matching and gain of the antenna. The results of the micro-machined Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna are highly convincing over the conventional FR4 based antenna.
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Stefanovski, Snežana, Milka Potrebić, Dejan Tošić, and Zoran Stamenković. "Compact Dual-Band Bandpass Waveguide Filter with H-Plane Inserts." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 03 (December 28, 2015): 1640015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616400156.
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A novel compact dual-band bandpass waveguide filter is presented in this paper. H-plane metal inserts with complementary split-ring resonators are implemented as resonating elements in the standard (WR-90) rectangular waveguide. Design starts from the models of the waveguide resonators with two resonant frequencies (9[Formula: see text]GHz and 11[Formula: see text]GHz) using a single flat or folded metal insert. Further, folded inserts are used for the second-order dual-band filter design. The equivalent circuits are proposed for the considered waveguide resonators and filter. A good agreement of the amplitude responses obtained for three-dimensional electromagnetic models and microwave circuits is achieved. Finally, compact dual-band bandpass waveguide filter is proposed as a novel solution using miniaturized inverters for both central frequencies. Compact filter model is further modified in order to obtain solution customized for easier fabrication. For the compact filter model, amplitude response is experimentally verified. The required filter response is preserved, as verified by a good agreement of the results obtained for the original dual-band filter and for the compact filter solutions.
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Dwivedi, Ankur, Arnab Banerjee, Sondipon Adhikari, and Bishakh Bhattacharya. "Optimal electromechanical bandgaps in piezo-embedded mechanical metamaterials." International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design 17, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 419–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10999-021-09534-0.
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AbstractElastic mechanical metamaterials are the exemplar of periodic structures. These are artificially designed structures having idiosyncratic physical properties like negative mass and negative Young’s modulus in specific frequency ranges. These extreme physical properties are due to the spatial periodicity of mechanical unit cells, which exhibit local resonance. That is why scientists are researching the dynamics of these structures for decades. This unusual dynamic behavior is frequency contingent, which modulates wave propagation through these structures. Locally resonant units in the designed metamaterial facilitate bandgap formation virtually at any frequency for wavelengths much higher than the lattice length of a unit. Here, we analyze the band structure of piezo-embedded negative mass metamaterial using the generalized Bloch theorem. For a finite number of the metamaterial units coupled equation of motion of the system is deduced, considering purely resistive and shunted inductor energy harvesting circuits. Successively, the voltage and power produced by piezoelectric material along with transmissibility of the system are computed using the backward substitution method. The addition of the piezoelectric material at the resonating unit increases the complexity of the solution. The results elucidate, the insertion of the piezoelectric material in the resonating unit provides better tunability in the band structure for simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration attenuation. Non-dimensional analysis of the system gives physical parameters that govern the formation of mechanical and electromechanical bandgaps. Optimized numerical values of these system parameters are also found for maximum first attenuation bandwidth. Thus, broader bandgap generation enhances vibration attenuation, and energy harvesting can be simultaneously available, making these structures multifunctional. This exploration can be considered as a step towards the active elastic mechanical metamaterials design.
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Chen, Zhaoliang, Wen Geyi, Ming Zhang, and Jun Wang. "A Study of Antenna System for High Order MIMO Device." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1936797.
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Three types of compact MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antenna systems with four and six elements for mobile handsets are studied in this paper. The MIMO antenna system is built on a FR4 substrate of the dimensions 136 mm × 68.8 mm × 1 mm. The antenna element is a folded planar inverted-F antenna with added resonating branches wound on a small dielectric cube of the dimensions 10 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm, which is the smallest volume so far reported covering the frequency bands 1880 MHz–1920 MHz and 2300 MHz–2620 MHz for GSM1900, LTE2300, 2.4-GHz WLAN, and LTE2500. The effects of element numbers and configurations on the system performance are investigated. More than 10 dB isolations have been achieved by properly designing the antenna elements through the use of the pattern diversity without using decoupling circuits. The envelope correlation coefficients among the elements, the mean effective gains, the efficiencies, and the multiplexing efficiencies of the elements are also discussed.
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Cardarilli, Gian Carlo, Gaurav Mani Khanal, Luca Di Nunzio, Marco Re, Rocco Fazzolari, and Raj Kumar. "Memristive and Memory Impedance Behavior in a Photo-Annealed ZnO–rGO Thin-Film Device." Electronics 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020287.
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An oxygen-rich ZnO-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film was synthesized using a photo-annealing technique from zinc precursor (ZnO)–graphene oxide (GO) sol–gel solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show a clear characteristic peak corresponding to rGO. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the prepared thin film shows an evenly distributed wrinkled surface structure. Transition Metal Oxide (TMO)-based memristive devices are nominees for beyond CMOS Non-Volatile Memory (NVRAM) devices. The two-terminal Metal–TMO (Insulator)–Metal (MIM) memristive device is fabricated using a synthesized ZnO–rGO as an active layer on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate. Aluminum (Al) is deposited as a top metal contact on the ZnO–rGO active layer to complete the device. Photo annealing was used to reduce the GO to rGO to make the proposed method suitable for fabricating ZnO–rGO thin-film devices on flexible substrates. The electrical characterization of the Al–ZnO–rGO–FTO device confirms the coexistence of memristive and memimpedance characteristics. The coexistence of memory resistance and memory impedance in the same device could be valuable for developing novel programmable analog filters and self-resonating circuits and systems.
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Gueddida, Abdellatif, Bahram Djafari Rouhani, Yan Pennec, Andrea Di Donato, Luca Pierantoni, Alexander Korovin, and Davide Mencarelli. "Coupling of Integrated Waveguide and Optomechanic Cavity for Microwave Phonon Excitation in Si Nanobeams." Photonics 7, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030067.
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The availability of high quality manufacturing for optical micro/nano patterned cavities paves the way to the development of scalable circuits and devices based on optomechanical (OM) interaction of sound and light in extremely small volumes. In this contribution, we propose a new study on OM cavities that can lead to precise control of their coupling with closely integrated waveguides, a necessary condition to enhance mode excitation and wave energy trapping, opening the possibility for many potential applications in wave guiding, filtering, confinement, and sensing. Moreover, in this way the need for bulky experimental setups and/or optical fiber coupling/excitation is avoided. At the same time, quality factors of mechanical and optical modes resonating in the cavity are optimized, together with their OM coupling coefficients: high confinement of both excitations is a prerequisite to enable their acousto-optic (AO) interaction. To this aim, the transversal size of the cavity has been parabolically tapered, with the additional benefit of separating the cavity and the integrated waveguide far from the coupling region. The finite-element method has been used to perform full-wave analysis, and an accurate discussion about the simulation setup needed to properly describe optical scattering and radiation has been provided.
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Ammar, Kholoud, Amr Hussein, and Mahmoud Attia. "High space efficiency compact chipless RFID tag with equidistance resonances." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (April 23, 2018): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.9254.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology provides non line-of-sight communication between the reader and the tag. This technology is widely used for various applications such as item tracking, security, access control, health care, short and long-range applications. RFID can be used as low cost data identification technology using radio waves between the RFID transmitter and the RFID receiver. Many attempts are introduced to implement the chipless RFID tags but they suffer from non-equal spacing between resonances which makes it difficult to make the decision. In this paper, compact low cost spectral signature based chipless 8-bits RFID tag is introduced. Multi dual-band resonating circuits with different resonances are used. The operation bandwidth is limited by the second resonance of the resonator. To avoid the presence of harmonics in the operating frequency range, multiple resonators with different shapes are introduced. The proposed tag instead of encoding only one data bit it encodes two data bits providing higher bits/resonator. The proposed tag provides equidistance between resonance frequencies. The tag is implemented on FR4 substrate of dielectric constant =4.4, thickness h=1.6mm and loss tangent δ=0.0018. The scattering parameters of the fabricated tags are measured using the vector network analyzer (ROHDE&SCHWARZ ZVB 20). The designs of the tags are made using the software package CST MICROWAVE STUDIO.
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Liu, Kai, YongTaek Lee, HyunTai Kim, Gwang Kim, Guruprasad Badakere, Yaojian Lin, and Billy Ahn. "Passive Device Integration from Silicon Technology." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 001967–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp36.
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Passive components are indispensible parts used in electronics circuits for various functions, such decoupling, biasing, resonating, filtering, matching, transforming, etc. These passive components can be made on chips, or in PCBs, or in SMDs. SOC (system-on-chip) solutions where all passives are implemented may be long-term goals, but suffer high cost and long development cycle times at the time being. Making passive components embedded inside laminate substrates is limited on passive density. SMD solutions are by far the most popular approaches in the industry, and may still be dominant for some times. Passive components consume 70%–80% area of an electric package in a SiP solution, and therefore it is a great deal to reduce the area of passive components, in order to reduce the size of entire package. We have developed an IPD (integrated passive device) process from silicon technology to make these passive components of high-Q performance, preferably to be used in RF packages. Low-loss substrate material is used in this process, and thick Cu layer is used for high-Q inductors. From this process, we can make capacitors in 330pF/mm sq density, and the Q-factor is around 30–35 peak for a 3nH–5 nH inductor. Most importantly, the thin-film IPD process has better tolerance control than other commonly available ones, such as PCB and LTCC technologies, which may results in very repeatable electrical performance, and provides packages in high integration. For a passive function block, using BPF (band-pass-filter) as an example, an IPD filter is typically two times smaller in X-Y size and half thinner in Z-height. This makes such IPD very suitable to be integrated in a SiP package. Using some case studies (individual IPD and chip-scale-module-package), we will present how high integration can be achieved, and where are the right spots to use IPD approaches other than SAW, or SMD, or LTCC solutions for RF SiP applications.
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Liu, Xiaowei, Dongliang Chen, and Keguan Song. "A low-noise readout interface for silicon MEMS vibratory gyroscope." Modern Physics Letters B, October 17, 2020, 2150069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798492150069x.
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This paper proposes a novel readout interface for a high-precision silicon MEMS vibratory gyroscope. The readout interface contains a closed-loop self-resonating driving circuit and a low-noise open-loop capacitance sensing circuit. In order to achieve an overall optimization in noise performance, the noise in driving loop of the interface is analyzed in detail. After the noise optimization, the driving frequency stability achieves 0.93 ppm, the front-end capacitance resolution achieves 0.002 [Formula: see text]. The total zero bias instability achieves [Formula: see text]/h, and angle random walk (ARW) achieves 0.014[Formula: see text]/s/[Formula: see text].
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Mishra, Brijesh, Ramesh Kumar Verma, N. Yashwanth, and Rakesh Kumar Singh. "A review on microstrip patch antenna parameters of different geometry and bandwidth enhancement techniques." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, August 3, 2021, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078721001148.
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Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive review of symmetrically shaped antennas in terms of antenna size, dielectric materials, resonating band, peak gain, radiation pattern, simulating tools, and their applications. In this article, flower shape, leaf shape, tree shape, fan shape, Pi shape, butterfly shape, bat shape, wearable, multiband, monopole, and fractal antennas are discussed. Further, a survey of previously reported bandwidth enhancement techniques of microstrip patch antenna like introduction of thick and lower permittivity substrate, multilayer substrate, parasitic elements, slots and notches, shorting wall, shorting pin, defected ground structure, metamaterial-based split ring resonator structure, fractal geometry, and composite right-hand/left-handed transmission line approach is presented. The physics of these techniques has been discussed in detail which is supported by circuit theory model approach.
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Pasharavesh, Abdolreza, and M. T. Ahmadian. "Toward Wideband Piezoelectric Harvesters Through Self-Powered Transitions to High-Energy Response." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 142, no. 1 (December 9, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4045379.
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Abstract Convergence to low-energy responses arising from coexistence of multiple stable nodes is the main drawback of a nonlinear energy harvester preventing it from efficient wideband operation. A switching circuit with a boost-like topology has been proposed in this paper to overcome this substantial challenge. The circuit uses the energy harvested by the device to trigger it to jump from the low- to high-energy response. The performance of the proposed harvesting system when subjected to single harmonic excitations covering a wide range of frequencies is verified through both analytical and numerical investigations. Results indicate that by proper selection of timing parameters of the circuit including ON-time period of the switches together with the phase differences between the switching signals and the mechanical excitation, the applied electrical perturbation will be able to trigger the nonlinear resonating beam to jump from a low-energy response to the basin of attraction of the high-energy one within the whole frequency band in which a multivalued solution exists. Also, a probabilistic study is performed on a system with random phases of switching signals which shows that a successful switching from low- to high-energy response is achievable with a probability more than 80% by just controlling the ON-time period of the switch within the proper ranges with respect to the excitation frequency.
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Coomar, Srimita, Santanu Mondal, and Rajarshi Sanyal. "Compact, flexible and highly selective wideband complementary FSS with high angular stability." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, December 27, 2021, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078721001707.
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Abstract This article presents a novel miniaturized (0.105λ0 × 0.105λ0) flexible complementary frequency selective surfaces (CFSS) structure with sharp band edge selectivity and very high angular stability. To explore two diverse applications as a passband and stopband filter, a novel complementary convoluted square loop (CCSL) type structure has been designed and investigated on ultrathin dielectric material of thickness 0.0023λ0. The second-order wide controllable passband with fractional bandwidth of 19.23% (−3 dB) and remarkably wide stopband of 64.7% (−10 dB) and 54.8% (−20 dB) respectively have been achieved by using a cascaded resonating structure which is composed of asymmetrical meandered CCSL array, arranged on two ultrathin dielectric layers with air foam separation. This particular format would lead to sharp band edge selectivity with steep roll-off (72.43 dB/GHz) and an excellent passband selectivity factor (0.731). An equivalent lumped LC circuit in conjunction with the transmission line model has also been adopted to comprehend the physical mechanism of the proposed single layer and double layer structures. Further, better passband and stopband angular stability at an oblique incident angle of 45° and the bending characteristics have also been investigated thoroughly for the proposed flexible CFSS to check their employability in different conformal structures with WiMAX passband and WLAN stopband application.
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Koszewnik, A. "The influence of a slider gap in the beam–slider structure with an MFC element on energy harvesting from the system: experimental case." Acta Mechanica, December 23, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-020-02869-3.
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AbstractA passively self-tuning resonator configuration is presented in this study. Under certain operating conditions, a self-resonating system has the capability to passively adjust dynamical characteristics until the whole system becomes resonant. A clamped–clamped beam with an attached mass sliding along the beam and a slight gap that, under a harmonic input excitation and well-defined operating regime, can lead to the increase in voltage amplitude generated by the piezo-harvester attached to this structure may be an example of such a system. Taking into account such behavior of the system, the paper is focused on determining the distributed-parameters of the electromechanical system versus a different slider position on the beam in modal coordinates. The obtained simulation results, considering the homogenous model of an MFC element for the desired slider locations, showed how the width of the gap between the slider and the beam additionally influences the voltage generated by the piezo-harvester. Experimental tests carried out on the real stand with an EHE301 module and the designed SSHI interface circuit allowed to verify the numerical results and also showed the influence on the resistive load connected to the system for an improvement of the considered energy harvesting system parameters.