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Journal articles on the topic 'Resonant cavity antenna'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Lu, Guang, Fabao Yan, Kaiyuan Zhang, Yunpeng Zhao, Lei Zhang, Ziqian Shang, Chao Diao, and Xiachen Zhou. "A Dual-Band High-Gain Subwavelength Cavity Antenna with Artificial Magnetic Conductor Metamaterial Microstructures." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010058.

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This paper presents dual-band high-gain subwavelength cavity antennas with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) metamaterial microstructures. We developed an AMC metamaterial plate that can be equivalent to mu-negative metamaterials (MNMs) at two frequencies using periodic microstructure unit cells. A cavity antenna was constructed using the dual-band AMC metamaterial plate as the covering layer and utilizing a feed patch antenna with slot loading as the radiation source. The antenna was fabricated with a printed circuit board (PCB) process and measured in an anechoic chamber. The |S11| of the antenna was −26.8 dB and −23.2 dB at 3.75 GHz and 5.66 GHz, respectively, and the realized gain was 15.2 dBi and 18.8 dBi at two resonant frequencies. The thickness of the cavity, a sub-wavelength thickness cavity, was 15 mm, less than one fifth of the long resonant wavelength and less than one third of the short resonant wavelength. This new antenna has the advantages of low profile, light weight, dual-frequency capability, high gain, and easy processing.

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2

Bukharin, Viktor, and Nikolay Voytovich. "Selectivity of a resonant cavity antenna." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005033.

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The main selective characteristics of a Resonant Cavity Antenna, which is a radiating element of the antenna array of a glide path station, are presented. The results of rigorous electrodynamic modeling of a resonator antenna and experimental results of studies on antenna samples are presented

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3

Walia, Ritu, and Kamal Nain Chopra. "Technical Analysis and Overview of the Application of Artificial Dielectric Materials in the Form of Photonic Crystal Cavity with Resonance in Dirac Leaky-Wave Antennas." Materials Science Forum 960 (June 2019): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.960.231.

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Application of Artificial Dielectric Materials in the form of Photonic crystal cavity with resonance in Dirac leaky-wave Antennas. The system investigated is a Photonic crystal cavity for the radiation properties of an antenna formed by a combination of a monopole radiation source and a cavity by a dielectric layer-by-layer 3D photonic crystal. The Photonic crystal cavity under study is working at resonance, since a high directivity, and a high power enhancement are obtainable at the resonant frequency of the cavity.In addition, an approach based on (i) Hughen's wavelets and (ii) the components of the incident Intensity after transmission through the system, is suggested for optimizing the performance of the optical antennas. Also, it has been discussed that the Optical antenna fabricated by Dielectric material - Photonic crystal is a better alternative to a conventional focusing lens, in Nanoscopy, in order to concentrate the laser radiation to dimensions smaller than the diffraction limit.

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4

Yang, Yun Xing, Hui Chang Zhao, Si Chen, and Yong Chen. "Design of a Miniaturization Microstrip Antenna and Cavity Model Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.427.

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On the demand of miniaturization of antenna, this paper presents a circular microstrip antenna whose part of its port is sealed. Changing part of its magnetic wall into electric wall, then a decimals mode which exist between andis proposed. Elaborating the theory of reducing the resonant frequency with Bessel functions characteristics and resonance formula of circular microstrip antenna. Using the HFSS for simulation, the resonant frequency of the antenna change from 3.0 GHz to 1.2 GHz. The results prove the reliability of theory analysis. The size could be reduced nearly 60% compared with ordinary antenna. The antenna has a simple structure and can be applied to engineering application.

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5

Bayderkhani, Reza, Keyvan Forooraghi, and Bijan Abbasi-Arand. "Gain-intensified slot antennas backed by SIW cavity using high-order cavity resonance." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 1 (September 9, 2014): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001202.

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In this paper, a gain-increased method of cavity-backed slot antennas based on excitation of high-order substrate-integrated waveguide cavity resonance has been proposed. To this end, the metallic posts are introduced in a main cavity to excite the cavity's TM220 mode. Then the properties of the modified cavity's TM220 mode are used to feed an array of 2 × 2 slot antenna. Moreover, to acquire insight of modified cavity's field distribution, a comprehensive modal study was performed on the modified cavity to fully understand the effects of the dividing walls on the cavity's field distribution. Also, compared with HFSS, the modal solution that is proposed in this paper provide a considerable time and storage saving. To validate the simulated results, two types of the proposed antenna forming two different polarizations (horizontal and vertical) are analyzed, simulated, and fabricated. The proposed antennas exhibit relatively gain of 8.2 dBi at resonant frequency and high front-to-back ratio. In addition, the gain-enhanced method proposed in the present paper can be extended for using even higher-order cavity resonances, such as TM440, TM660 etc., if higher gain is desirable. The proposed antennas are suitable for using in many wireless communication systems and some radar systems.

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6

Fu, Zihao, Tianliang Zhang, You Lan, Tianhai Wu, Wenxing Huang, and Leilei He. "Dual-Frequency Miniaturized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Quarter-Mode Cavity-Backed Antenna Based on Minkowski Fractal Gap with Orthogonal Polarization Radiation Characteristics." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (April 15, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1816763.

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A novel quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide miniaturized cavity-backed antenna loading Minkowski fractal gap is presented in this paper. Firstly, the resonant frequency of the rectangular substrate integrated waveguide resonator is reduced by etching the fractal gap in the resonator to achieve miniaturization. In addition, because of the symmetry of electric field distribution in second and third order resonant modes, the cavity can be segmented into a quarter-mode and the other order resonance modes with asymmetric electric field distribution can be suppressed according to the cavity model theory. Hence, the cavity size is further reduced. The dimension of designed antenna is 0.26λ0×0.26λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength in free space; in this paper, the corresponding wavelength is 3.6 GHz). Moreover, the orthogonal polarization of the proposed antenna in two frequency bands is achieved because the electric field is orthogonal in second and third order resonant modes. This dual-frequency orthogonal polarization characteristic enables antenna to communicate in two working bands and has good channel isolation. The simulated and measured results are consistent. The antenna gain is 4.67dBi and 3.4dBi, respectively, at 3.7GHz and 4.6GHz.

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7

Liu, Yahong, and Xiaopeng Zhao. "High-gain ultrathin resonant cavity antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 9 (June 16, 2011): 1945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26213.

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8

Haralambiev, L. A., and H. D. Hristov. "Radiation Characteristics of 3D Resonant Cavity Antenna with Grid-Oscillator Integrated Inside." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/479189.

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A three-dimensional (3D) rectangular cavity antenna with an aperture size of 80 mm×80 mm and a length of 16 mm, integrated with a four-MESFET transistor grid-oscillator, is designed and studied experimentally. It is found that the use of 3D antenna resonant cavity in case of small or medium gain microwave active cavity antenna leads to effective and stable power combining and radiation. The lack of lateral cavity diffraction and radiation helps in producing a directive gain of about 17 dB and radiation aperture efficiency bigger than 75% at a resonance frequency of 8.62 GHz. Good DC to RF oscillator efficiency of 26%, effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 5.2 W, and SSB spectral power density of −82 dBc/Hz are found from the measured data. The 3D antenna cavity serves also as a strong metal container for the solid-state oscillator circuitry.

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9

Liu, Haixia, Shuo Lei, Xiaowei Shi, and Long Li. "Study of Antenna Superstrates Using Metamaterials for Directivity Enhancement Based on Fabry-Perot Resonant Cavity." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/209741.

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Metamaterial superstrate is a significant method to obtain high directivity of one or a few antennas. In this paper, the characteristics of directivity enhancement using different metamaterial structures as antenna superstrates, such as electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, frequency selective surface (FSS), and left-handed material (LHM), are unifiedly studied by applying the theory of Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonant cavity. Focusing on the analysis of reflection phase and magnitude of superstrates in presently proposed designs, the essential reason for high-directivity antenna with different superstrates can be revealed in terms of the F-P resonant theory. Furthermore, a new design of the optimum reflection coefficient of superstrates for the maximum antenna directivity is proposed and validated. The optimum location of the LHM superstrate which is based on a refractive lens model can be determined by the F-P resonant distance.

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10

Goudarzi, Azita, Mohammad Mahdi Honari, and Rashid Mirzavand. "Resonant Cavity Antennas for 5G Communication Systems: A Review." Electronics 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071080.

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Resonant cavity antennas (RCAs) are suitable candidates to achieve high-directivity with a low-cost and easy fabrication process. The stable functionality of the RCAs over different frequency bands, as well as, their pattern reconfigurability make them an attractive antenna structure for the next generation wireless communication systems, i.e., fifth generation (5G). The variety of designs and analytical techniques regarding the main radiator and partially reflective surface (PRS) configurations allow dramatic progress and advances in the area of RCAs. Adding different functionalities in a single structure by using additional layers is another appealing feature of the RCA structures, which has opened the various fields of studies toward 5G applications. This paper reviews the recent advances on the RCAs along with the analytical methods, and various capabilities that make them suitable to be used in 5G communication systems. To discuss different capabilities of RCA structures, some applicable fields of studies are followed in different sections of this paper. To indicate different techniques in achieving various capabilities, some recent state-of-the-art designs are demonstrated and investigated. Since wideband high-gain antennas with different functionalities are highly required for the next generation of wireless communication, the main focus of this paper is to discuss primarily the antenna gain and bandwidth. Finally, a brief conclusion is drawn to have a quick overview of the content of this paper.

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11

Aqlan, Basem, Mohamed Himdi, Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, and Laurent Le-Coq. "Experimental Realization of Sub-THz Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Metasurface Superstrate at 300 GHz." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174796.

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This communication presents a low-profile fully metallic high gain circularly polarized resonant cavity antenna, with a novel single-layer metasurface as superstrate operating at 300 GHz. The unit cell of the metallic metasurface layer consists of perforated grids of hexagonal and octagonal-shaped radiating apertures. The metasurface superstrate layer acts as a polarization convertor from linear-to-circular, which provides left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation. For simplicity and less design difficulty, a low cost laser cutting brass technology is proposed to design the antenna at sub-terahertz. The proposed circularly polarized resonant cavity antenna prototype has a low-profile planar metallic structure of volume 2.6λ0×2.6λ0×1.24λ0. Experimental results validate the design concept. The antenna yields a measured LHCP gain of 16.2 dBic with a directivity of 16.7 dBic at 302 GHz. This proposed circularly polarized resonant cavity antenna finds potential application in 6G sub-terahertz wireless communications.

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12

Kim, Ki Chai, and Shinobu Tokumaru. "A cutoff cavity antenna with resonant posts." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 72, no. 3 (March 1989): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410720307.

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13

Xue, Songtao, Zhuoran Yi, Liyu Xie, Guochun Wan, and Tao Ding. "A Passive Wireless Crack Sensor Based on Patch Antenna with Overlapping Sub-Patch." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2019): 4327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194327.

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Monolithic patch antennas for deformation measurements are designed to be stressed. To avoid the issues of incomplete strain transfer ratio and insufficient bonding strength of stressed antennas, this paper presents a passive wireless crack sensor based on an unstressed patch antenna. The rectangular radiation patch of the proposed sensor is partially covered by a radiation sub-patch, and the overlapped length between them will induce the resonate frequency shift representing the crack width. First, the cavity model theory is adopted to show how the resonant frequencies of the crack sensor are related to the overlapped length between the patch antenna and the sub-patch. This phenomenon is further verified by numerical simulation using the Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), and results show a sensitivity of 120.24 MHz/mm on average within an effective measuring range of 1.5 mm. One prototype of proposed sensor was fabricated. The experiments validated that the resonant frequency shifts are linearly proportional to the applied crack width, and the resolution is suitable for crack width measuring.

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14

Li, Jianfeng, and Xiaoyan Huang. "Dual Circular Polarization Fabry–Pérot Resonant Antennas Based on Meta-Surface." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010173.

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A dual circular polarization Fabry–Pérot resonant antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip antenna radiator and meta-surface. Meta-surface is applied into the design of a Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonant cavity for generating two circularly polarized (CP) beams. When the meta-surface functions as a partially reflecting surface with a top C-gaps array, dielectric substrate with holes periodically arranged around the atoms and bottom metal plate with strip gaps, the proposed design would split an LP wave from the feed into the left-hand CP and right-hand CP waves by rotating the top C-gaps to form prescribed phase gradients. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed antenna is capable of generating left-hand CP and right-hand CP radiation beams pointing at 18° and −18° at 14.9 GHz with a stable gain of over 22.7 dBic and an aperture efficiency of 25.7%. The proposed technique offers an efficient way to fulfill FP resonant antennas with specific characteristics using meta-surface for more advanced functionalities.

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15

Vaid, Swati, and Ashok Mittal. "A low profile dual band resonant cavity antenna." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 27, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): e21065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.21065.

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16

Rabelo, Nilson R., J. C. da S. Lacava, Alexis F. Tinoco Salazar, P. C. Ribeiro Filho, D. C. Nascimento, Rubén D. León Vásquez, and Sidnei J. S. Sant’Anna. "Analytical Model for Predesigning Probe-Fed Hybrid Microstrip Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1893650.

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Based on the equivalent resonant cavity model, an effective analysis methodology of probe-fed hybrid microstrip antennas is carried out in this paper, resulting in a better understanding of the parameter interrelations affecting their behavior. With that, a new design criterion focused on establishing uniform radiation patterns with balanced 3 dB angles is proposed and implemented. Results obtained with the proposed model closely matched HFSS simulations. Measurements made on a prototype antenna, manufactured with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, also showed excellent agreement, thus validating the use of the cavity model for predesigning hybrid microstrip antennas in a simple, visible, and time- and cost-effective way.

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17

Singh, Anil Kumar, Ravi Kumar Gangwar, and Binod K. Kanaujia. "Wideband and compact slot loaded annular ring microstrip antenna using L-probe proximity-feed for wireless communications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 7 (April 10, 2015): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000446.

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A wideband orthogonally slot cut annular ring microstrip antenna fed by L-shaped probe is investigated using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory approach. Simulation of the proposed antenna is performed using Ansoft HFSS and simulated results are compared with the measured and theoretical results. The impedance bandwidth of about 37.46% is observed at resonant frequency 3.15 GHz. The proposed antenna realizes an improvement in bandwidth of 13.46% and miniaturization in physical dimension about 10% from earlier reported structures. An improvement in bandwidth and miniaturization is due to thick substrate, L-probe feed, and orthogonally loaded slots. The measured results of fabricated antennas are in good agreement with simulated and theoretical results.

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18

Hayat, Touseef, Muhammad U. Afzal, Foez Ahmed, Shiyu Zhang, Karu P. Esselle, and Yiannis Vardaxoglou. "Low-Cost Ultrawideband High-Gain Compact Resonant Cavity Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19, no. 7 (July 2020): 1271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2020.2997966.

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19

Chaturvedi, Divya, Arvind Kumar, and S. Raghavan. "Compact QMSIW-based antenna with different resonant frequencies depending on loading of metalized vias." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000126.

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AbstractIn this work, simple, low profile, compact quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (QMSIW)-based antennas are proposed for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) at 5.2/5.5 GHz and Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) at 5.8 GHz, respectively. By implementing QMSIW technique, the electrical size of the antenna is reduced up to 1/4th of the conventional circular SIW cavities. Thanks to the quarter mode concept, the antenna size is reduced significantly by preserving its dominant mode. The resonant frequency of the dominant mode TM010 is independently tuned at 5.2, 5.5, and 5.8 GHz after loading the QMSIW cavity with metalized via holes, subsequently. The on-body performance of the antenna is verified on pork tissues at 5.8 GHz and it is found to be insensitive with respect to surroundings. The measured gain and simulated efficiency of the proposed antenna at 5.8 GHz in free space are 4.8 dBi and 92%, while in the proximity of pork tissues values are 3.25 dBi and 57%, respectively. Moreover, the measurement results demonstrate a good matching with the simulation results.

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20

El Hajj, Walid, François Gallee, and Christian Person. "Modeling and design of a bi-access tri-band antenna combining different radiating structures based on modal analysis of resonant cavity." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711001024.

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A new design method for multi-access antennas is presented. This method is based on a modal analysis assuming the microstrip antennas as a resonant cavity. Using this cavity approach, the eigenmodes perturbation induced by the cavity deformation (adding slots or short circuits) is studied. As an application, a solution of multi-access antenna with two ports, with operating frequency bands centered approximately on digital cellular system (DCS) and universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS)/Wi-Fi standards is developed. These two ports are isolated using the previous original design method. In addition to the design method, the innovation of the structure resides on its application in terms of flexibility, reconfigurability, and portability for the future development of a unique system that allows cross services where telephony joined multimedia and online services. The design method and the performances are validated through comparisons between simulations and measurements.

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21

Hammas, H. A., M. F. Hasan, and A. S. A. Jalal. "Compact Multiband Microstrip Printed Slot Antenna Design for Wireless Communication Applications." Advanced Electromagnetics 9, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i2.1393.

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In this paper, a compact multiband printed antenna is proposed to cover four resonant bands in the range of 1-6 GHz. The antenna structure is inspired from that of the classical multi-cavity magnetron resonator. The antenna comprises a slot annular ring structure in the ground plane of an Isola FR4 substrate having Ԑr = 3.5 and thickness h=1.5 mm. The outer circle of the annular ring is loaded with radial arranged small circular slots. On the opposite side of the substrate, the antenna is fed with a 50-Ohm microstrip line. To investigate the effect of different antenna elements on the antenna performance, a parametric study is conducted. The antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The simulated 10 dB return loss bandwidths for the four resonant bands are 35% (1.53–2.11GHz), 14% (2.9–3.34GHz), 12% (4.2–4.75GHz), and 9% (4.94–5.39GHz), respectively. Thus, the antenna is a proper candidate for many in use bands of wireless systems (1.65, 3.14, 4.44, 5.24 GHz), including LTE-FDD, GNSS, GSM-450, W-CDMA/HSPA/k, 802.11a, and IEEE 802.11ac WLAN. The results indicate that the designed antenna has quad-band resonant responses with substantial frequency ratios of f4/f3, f3/f2 and f2/f1. Besides, the antenna offers reasonable radiation characteristics with a gain of 2.5, 4.0, 6.2, and 4.2 dBi, throughout the four resonant bands.

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22

Li, Chen, and Hu. "An Optically Transparent Metasurface-Based Resonant Cavity Fed by Patch Antenna for Improved Gain." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233805.

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An optically transparent metasurface (MS) is proposed to design a resonant cavity fed by a patch antenna operating at 5.6 GHz. In the proposed MS, a transparent micro metal mesh conductive (MMMC) film is used as the transparent conducting film (TCF), and it has a high optical transmittance of more than 75% and a low sheet resistance of 0.7 Ω/sq. The MS is composed of a layer of glass substrate and a layer of MMMC film. The unit cell of MS consists of a square patch using MMMC film patterned on a square glass substrate. The transparent MS, patch antenna, ground plane, and air-filled half-wavelength cavity form a resonant cavity antenna, to achieve an improved gain. The MS is designed, optimized and analyzed using the EM simulation software CST. Results show that the MS can improve the simulated boresight gain from 4.7 to 13.2 dBi by 8.5 dB, without affecting the impedance bandwidth (IMBW) much. The losses of MS with different values of sheet resistance are also studied, showing the MS using MMMC with sheet resistance of 0.7 Ω/sq has very small losses.

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23

Choi, Yoon-Seon, Ji-Hun Hong, and Jong-Myung Woo. "Electrically and Frequency-Tunable Printed Inverted-F Antenna with a Perturbed Parasitic Element." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.3.164.

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This study designed an electrically and frequency-tunable printed inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with a perturbed parasitic element between the antenna and the ground plane. The resonant frequency of the proposed antenna can be changed via the short- and open-circuit operation of the parasitic element. This operation is activated using an electrical switch, which in this case is a PIN diode with an inductor and a resistor. The antenna was designed on the basis of the principles of the perturbation method, which enables control over resonant frequencies through modifications to the volume of a metal cavity. Meandered gaps were incorporated into the parasitic element for the independent operation of each PIN diode switch. The size of the PIFA’s radiator is 4.8 × 10 mm<sup>2</sup>, and the tunable resonant frequency at the –10 dB bandwidth is 340 MHz (17.3%).

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24

Zhao, G., Y. C. Jiao, F. Zhang, and X. Yang. "High Gain Circularly Polarized Antenna using Sub-Wavelength Resonant Cavity." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939310790322109.

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25

Meng, Fanji, and Satish K. Sharma. "A Wideband Resonant Cavity Antenna With Compact Partially Reflective Surface." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 68, no. 2 (February 2020): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2938589.

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26

Das, Satyadeep, and Sudhakar Sahu. "High Gain Resonant Cavity Antenna with Meta-material Inspired Superstrate." Procedia Computer Science 49 (2015): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.04.260.

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27

Ge, Yuehe, and Karu P. Esselle. "A resonant cavity antenna based on an optimized thin superstrate." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 12 (December 2008): 3057–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23898.

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28

Zaidi, A., A. Baghdad, A. Ballouk, and A. Badri. "Design and Optimization of a High Gain Multiband Patch Antenna for Millimeter Wave Application." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 2942. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2942-2950.

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<p>This paper presents an enhanced Quadri-band microstrip patch antenna, using defective slots in the ground plane, designed to operate in the millimeter wave band, formulated using cavity model and simulated by an EM-simulator, based on finite element method: HFSSv15 (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The proposed antenna incorporates two symmetric patterns of “U” shaped slots with an “I” shaped slot engraved in the middle of the ground plane. The resulting antenna has four frequency bands; the first resonant frequency is located in the Ka band, at about 27Ghz, the second at nearly 35Ghz, the third at 41Ghz and the last one at 51GHz. Those resonant frequencies could be shifted by tuning the slots dimensions introduced if the ground plane of the proposed antenna .</p><p> </p>

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29

Bedra, S., S. Benkouda, M. Amir, and T. Fortaki. "Resonant Frequency of Tunable Microstrip Ring Antenna Printed on Isotropic or Uniaxially Anisotropic Substrate." Advanced Electromagnetics 2, no. 2 (August 3, 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v2i2.194.

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In this study, the resonant frequency of annular ring microstrip resonator with uniaxial anisotropic substrate and air gap layer is analyzed. The cavity model for simple ring microstrip antenna is extended with some modifications for the tunable geometry taking into account the anisotropy in the layer. The theoretical resonant frequency results are in very good agreement with the experimental results reported elsewhere. The air gap tuning effect on the resonant characteristics is also investigated for fundamental and higher order modes.

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30

Chatterjee, Somnath, Susmita Pal, Apala Bhattacharaya, and Baidynath N. Biswas. "Gunn-mounted active microstrip rectangular patch antenna – revisited." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 5 (August 7, 2013): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000627.

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The microstrip active patch antenna behaves like a resonant circuit/cavity with multiple resonant frequencies; furthermore, depending on the non-linearity of the device, it generates significant amount of second harmonic radiation. The location of the device on the patch that maximizes the fundamental radiated power output is found to be not the position corresponding to the minimum second harmonic content in radiated power. An optimum location of the diode on the patch has been suggested. The paper also discusses the modification of the behavior of the active antenna, which is first an oscillator; and then a radiator, under injection-locked condition. The results are presented with respect to a Gunn-mounted rectangular patch.

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31

Hayat, Touseef, Muhammad U. Afzal, Ali Lalbakhsh, and Karu P. Esselle. "3-D-Printed Phase-Rectifying Transparent Superstrate for Resonant-Cavity Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, no. 7 (July 2019): 1400–1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2917767.

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32

Hashmi, R. M., and K. P. Esselle. "Single‐feed low‐profile resonant cavity antenna covering entire Ku‐band." Electronics Letters 52, no. 9 (April 2016): 683–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2016.0392.

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33

Wang, S., A. P. Feresidis, G. Goussetis, and J. C. Vardaxoglou. "Low-profile resonant cavity antenna with artificial magnetic conductor ground plane." Electronics Letters 40, no. 7 (2004): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040306.

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34

Moghadas, Hamid, Mojgan Daneshmand, and Pedram Mousavi. "A Dual-Band High-Gain Resonant Cavity Antenna With Orthogonal Polarizations." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2011.2173454.

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35

Feng, Pan, Xing Chen, and Kama Huang. "High performance resonant cavity antenna with non-uniform metamaterial inspired superstrate." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 27, no. 7 (April 12, 2017): e21114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.21114.

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36

Sultan, K. S., H. H. Abdullah, and E. A. Abdallah. "Low SAR, Simple Printed Compact Multiband Antenna for Mobile and Wireless Communication Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/946781.

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Simple multiband planar antenna for wireless communication applications is presented. The proposed antenna performs four resonant modes covering multibands of wireless standards, including LTE 700, GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, and LTE 2300/2500. Furthermore, it covers the ISM, WiMAX, and the WLAN bands. The geometry of the proposed antenna consists of a single FR4 substrate where an open cavity fed by a coplanar U-shaped monopole is etched on one side and a short-circuited meander line in the opposite side. The cavity by its nature supports a wide range of higher frequencies, while its boundary that consists of a thin monopole resonates at 900 MHz. The meander line in the opposite side supports the LTE 700 band. The operating bands ranges are (680–748 MHz), (870–960 MHZ), (1.36–1.59 GHz), and (1.71–2.56 GHz). The antenna size is 30 × 18 × 0.8 mm3. The antenna not only has a compact size but also supports a low SAR radiation at all the operating frequencies. The proposed antenna is tested using the four recommended test positions of the CTIA association where the proposed antenna reveals good performance in all test cases in the presence of handset (keypad, battery, speaker camera, RF circuit, and LCD) in talking position, and in standby position.

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37

Elobied, Abubaker Ahmed, Xue-Xia Yang, Ningjie Xie, and Steven Gao. "Dual-Band 2 × 2 MIMO Antenna with Compact Size and High Isolation Based on Half-Mode SIW." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2965767.

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This paper presents a close-spaced dual-band 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW). The dual-band operation of the antenna element is achieved by loading a rectangular patch outside the radiating aperture of an HMSIW cavity. The HMSIW cavity is excited by a coaxial probe, whereas the rectangular patch is energized through proximity coupling by the radiating aperture of HMSIW. The antenna elements can be closely placed using the rotation and orthogonal arrangement for a 2 × 2 array. Small neutralization lines at the center of the MIMO antenna can increase the isolation among its elements by around 10 dB in the lower band and 5 dB in the higher band. A prototype of the MIMO antenna is fabricated and its performance is measured. The measured results show that the resonant frequencies are centered at 4.43 and 5.39 GHz with bandwidths of 110 and 80 MHz and peak gains of 6 and 6.4 dBi, respectively. The minimum isolation in both bands is greater than 35 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient is lower than 0.005 within two operating bands.

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38

Gürel, Çiğdem Seçkin, and Erdem Yazgan. "Modified Cavity Model to Determine Resonant Frequency of Tunable Microstrip Ring Antenna." Electromagnetics 19, no. 5 (September 1999): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726349908908662.

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39

Yu, Yin-Hua, Wen Wu, Zhi-Yuan Zong, and Da-Gang Fang. "A Wire-Metamaterial-Loaded Resonant Cavity Antenna Using 3-D Printing Technology." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, no. 11 (November 2018): 2119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2018.2851204.

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40

Rabbani, M. S., and H. Ghafouri‐Shiraz. "Resonant cavity‐based dielectric lens antenna for 60 GHz‐band wireless applications." Electronics Letters 53, no. 10 (May 2017): 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.0559.

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41

Al-Tarifi, Muhannad A., Dimitris E. Anagnostou, Anthony K. Amert, and Keith W. Whites. "Bandwidth Enhancement of the Resonant Cavity Antenna by Using Two Dielectric Superstrates." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 4 (April 2013): 1898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2231931.

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42

Tu, Xuecou, Chengtao Jiang, Peng Xiao, Lin Kang, Shimin Zhai, Zhou Jiang, Run Feng Su, et al. "Investigation of antenna-coupled Nb5N6 microbolometer THz detector with substrate resonant cavity." Optics Express 26, no. 7 (March 28, 2018): 8990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.008990.

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43

Hung Tran, Huy, and Ikmo Park. "Compact wideband circularly polarised resonant cavity antenna using a single dielectric superstrate." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 10, no. 7 (May 2016): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2015.0490.

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44

Linthorne, N. P., and D. G. Blair. "Superconducting re‐entrant cavity transducer for a resonant bar gravitational radiation antenna." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 9 (September 1992): 4154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143227.

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45

Wasif Niaz, M., S. H. H. Mashhadi, Zhao Zhou, and Yingzeng Yin. "Enhanced bandwidth, low sidelobe resonant cavity antenna using tapered complementary FSS layers." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 34, no. 15 (August 18, 2020): 2051–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2020.1806738.

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46

Vinnakota, Sarath Sankar, Runa Kumari, and Basudev Majumder. "Dual‐polarized high gain resonant cavity antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 29, no. 12 (October 23, 2019): 22003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.22003.

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47

Zhao, Gang, Yong-Chang Jiao, Fan Zhang, and Fu-Shun Zhang. "Design of high-gain low-profile resonant cavity antenna using metamaterial superstrate." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 52, no. 8 (May 18, 2010): 1855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.25336.

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48

Ge, Yuehe, and Karu P. Esselle. "Low-profile resonant cavity antenna based on an in-phase metamaterial surface." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 51, no. 3 (March 2009): 731–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.24134.

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49

Libi Mol, V. A., and C. K. Aanandan. "Radar Cross Section Reduction of Low Profile Fabry-Perot Resonator Antenna Using Checker Board Artificial Magnetic Conductor." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 2 (March 3, 2018): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i2.686.

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This paper presents a novel low profile, high gain Fabry-Perot resonator antenna with reduced radar cross section (RCS). An artificial magnetic conductor which provides zero degree reflection phase at resonant frequency is used as the ground plane of the antenna to obtain the low profile behavior. A checker board structure consisting of two artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces with antiphase reflection property is used as the superstrate to reduce the RCS. The bottom surface of superstrate is perforated to act as partially reflective surface to enhance the directivity of antenna. The antenna has a 3 dB gain bandwidth from 9.32 GHz to 9.77 GHz with a peak gain of 12.95 dBi at 9.6 GHz. The cavity antenna also has reduced reflectivity with a maximum reduction of 14.5 dB at 9.63 GHz.

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50

Li, Yongjiu, Long Li, Xiwang Dai, Cheng Zhu, Feifei Huo, and Gang Dong. "Compact Shorted Stacked-Patch Antenna Integrated with Chip-Package Based on LTCC Technology." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/235847.

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A low profile chip-package stacked-patch antenna is proposed by using low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology. The proposed antenna employs a stacked-patch to achieve two operating frequency bands and enhance the bandwidth. The height of the antenna is decreased to 4.09 mm (aboutλ/25 at 2.45 GHz) due to the shorted pin. The package is mounted on a 44 × 44 mm2ground plane to miniaturize the volume of the system. The design parameters of the antenna and the effect of the antenna on chip-package cavity are carefully analyzed. The designed antenna operates at a center frequency of 2.45 GHz and its impedance bandwidth(S11< -10 dB)is 200 MHz, resulting from two neighboring resonant frequencies at 2.41 and 2.51 GHz, respectively. The average gain across the frequency band is about 5.28 dBi.

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