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Journal articles on the topic 'Resolution of infection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Hopkins, Walter J., Annette Gendron-Fitzpatrick, Edward Balish, and David T. Uehling. "Time Course and Host Responses to Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection in Genetically Distinct Mouse Strains." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2798-2802.1998.

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ABSTRACT Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant clinical problem for many women; however, host susceptibility factors have not been completely defined. The mouse model of induced UTI provides an experimental environment in which to identify specific host characteristics that are important in initial bacterial colonization of the urinary tract and in resolution of an infection. This study examined initial susceptibility, bacterial clearance, and host defense mechanisms during induction and resolution of Escherichia coli UTIs in genetically distinct strains of mice. Of the ten inbred strains tested, six (BALB/c, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, DBA.1, DBA.2, and AKR) showed progressive resolution of bladder infections over a 14-day period. A constant, low-level bladder infection was observed in SWR and SJL mice. High bladder infection levels persisted over the 14-day study period in C3H/HeJ and C3H/OuJ mice. Kidney infection levels generally correlated with bladder infection levels, especially in C3H/HeJ and C3H/OuJ mice, the two most susceptible strains, in which infections became more severe with time after challenge. The degree of inflammation in bladder and kidneys, as well as antibody-forming cell responses, positively correlated with infection intensity in all strains except C3H/HeJ, which had minimal inflammation despite high infection levels. These results demonstrate two important aspects of host defense against UTI. First, the innate immune response to an infection in the bladder or kidneys consists primarily of local inflammation, which is followed by an adaptive response characterized in part by an antibody response to the infecting bacteria. Second, a UTI will be spontaneously resolved in most cases; however, in mice with specific genetic backgrounds, a UTI can persist for an extended length of time. The latter result strongly suggests that the presence or absence of specific host genes will determine how effectively an E. coli UTI will be resolved.

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2

Tadros, Susan, Sameer Bahal, and Vasantha Nagendran. "Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection." F1000Research 7 (November 2, 2018): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16836.1.

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Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections. Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.

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Tadros, Susan, Sameer Bahal, and Vasantha Nagendran. "Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection." F1000Research 7 (May 14, 2019): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16836.2.

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Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections. Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.

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4

Tadros, Susan, Sameer Bahal, and Vasantha Nagendran. "Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection." F1000Research 7 (June 6, 2019): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16836.3.

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Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections. Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.

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5

Kennedy, Adam D., and Frank R. DeLeo. "Neutrophil apoptosis and the resolution of infection." Immunologic Research 43, no. 1-3 (December 9, 2008): 25–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-008-8049-6.

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6

Garcia-Roig, Michael L., and Andrew J. Kirsch. "Urinary tract infection in the setting of vesicoureteral reflux." F1000Research 5 (June 30, 2016): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8390.1.

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Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common underlying etiology responsible for febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) or pyelonephritis in children. Along with the morbidity of pyelonephritis, long-term sequelae of recurrent renal infections include renal scarring, proteinuria, and hypertension. Treatment is directed toward the prevention of recurrent infection through use of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis during a period of observation for spontaneous resolution or by surgical correction. In children, bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD) plays a significant role in the occurrence of UTI and the rate of VUR resolution. Effective treatment of BBD leads to higher rates of spontaneous resolution and decreased risk of UTI.

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7

Wimmer, Matthias D., Gunnar T. R. Hischebeth, Thomas M. Randau, Martin Gathen, Frank A. Schildberg, Frank S. Fröschen, Hendrik Kohlhof, and Sascha Gravius. "Difficult-to-treat pathogens significantly reduce infection resolution in periprosthetic joint infections." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 98, no. 2 (October 2020): 115114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115114.

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8

Brady, Rebecca A., Graeme A. O'May, Jeff G. Leid, Megan L. Prior, J. William Costerton, and Mark E. Shirtliff. "Resolution ofStaphylococcus aureusBiofilm Infection Using Vaccination and Antibiotic Treatment." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 4 (January 10, 2011): 1797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00451-10.

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ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusinfections, particularly those from methicillin-resistant strains (i.e., MRSA), are reaching epidemic proportions, with no effective vaccine available. The vast number and transient expression of virulence factors in the infectious course of this pathogen have made the discovery of protective antigens particularly difficult. In addition, the divergent planktonic and biofilm modes of growth with their accompanying proteomic changes also demonstrate significant hindrances to vaccine development. In this study, a multicomponent vaccine was evaluated for its ability to clear a staphylococcal biofilm infection. Antigens (glucosaminidase, an ABC transporter lipoprotein, a conserved hypothetical protein, and a conserved lipoprotein) were chosen since they were found in previous studies to have upregulated and sustained expression in a biofilm, bothin vitroandin vivo. Antibodies against these antigens were first used in microscopy studies to localize their expression inin vitrobiofilms. Each of the four antigens showed heterogeneous production in various locations within the complex biofilm community in the biofilm. Based upon these studies, the four antigens were delivered simultaneously as a quadrivalent vaccine in order to compensate for this varied production. In addition, antibiotic treatment was also administered to clear the remaining nonattached planktonic cells since the vaccine antigens may have been biofilm specific. The results demonstrated that when vaccination was coupled with vancomycin treatment in a biofilm model of chronic osteomyelitis in rabbits, clinical and radiographic signs of infection significantly reduced by 67 and 82%, respectively, compared to infected animals that were either treated with vancomycin or left untreated. In contrast, vaccination alone resulted in a modest, and nonsignificant, decrease in clinical (34% reduction) and radiographic signs (9% reduction) of infection, compared to nonvaccinated animal groups untreated or treated with vancomycin. Lastly, MRSA biofilm infections were significantly cleared in 87.5% of vaccinated and antibiotic-treated animals, while antibiotics or vaccine alone could not significantly clear infection compared to controls (55.6, 22.2, and 33.3% clearance rates, respectively). This approach to vaccine development may lead to the generation of vaccines against other pathogenic biofilm bacteria.

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9

Ejrnaes, Mette, Christophe M. Filippi, Marianne M. Martinic, Eleanor M. Ling, Lisa M. Togher, Shane Crotty, and Matthias G. von Herrath. "Resolution of a chronic viral infection after interleukin-10 receptor blockade." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 11 (October 9, 2006): 2461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20061462.

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A defining characteristic of persistent viral infections is the loss and functional inactivation of antiviral effector T cells, which prevents viral clearance. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses cellular immune responses by modulating the function of T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In this paper, we report that IL-10 production is drastically increased in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. In vivo blockade of the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) with a neutralizing antibody resulted in rapid resolution of the persistent infection. IL-10 secretion was diminished and interferon γ production by antiviral CD8+ T cells was enhanced. In persistently infected mice, CD8α+ dendritic cell (DC) numbers declined early after infection, whereas CD8α− DC numbers were not affected. CD8α− DCs supported IL-10 production and subsequent dampening of antiviral T cell responses. Therapeutic IL-10R blockade broke the cycle of IL-10–mediated immune suppression, preventing IL-10 priming by CD8α− DCs and enhancing antiviral responses and thereby resolving infection without causing immunopathology.

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10

Kazmi, H. R., F. D. Raffone, A. S. Kliger, and F. O. Finkelstein. "Pseudomonas exit site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 10 (April 1992): 1498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v2101498.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the natural history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exit site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients treated with oral ciprofloxacin and local exit site care. A retrospective view was undertaken of 18 episodes of P. aeruginosa exit site infections developing in 17 patients maintained on CAPD during 1989 and 1990. Standardized therapy for the exit site infection consisted of oral ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily) and local exit site care with antiseptic agents. Fifteen (83%) of 18 of the pseudomonas exit site infections resolved with therapy. Three episodes (17%) required catheter removal to successfully eradicate the infection. Four of the 15 patients whose exit site infections resolved developed P. aeruginosa peritonitis 2 to 9 months after the clinical resolution of the exit site infection. The majority of pseudomonas exit site infections in CAPD patients can be successfully treated with oral ciprofloxacin and local care. Approximately 17% of the patients in this study required catheter removal to successfully eradicate the infection and an additional 22% of the patients developed pseudomonas peritonitis several months after the resolution of the exit site infection.

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11

Balugo-López, V., E. Hernández García de la Barrera, and J. Sastre. "Resolution of Common Variable Immunodeficiency After HIV Infection." Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology 26, no. 5 (October 19, 2016): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/jiaci.0090.

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12

Ferreira, F. B. A., A. L. Ferreira, B. P. F. A. Gomes, and F. J. Souza-Filho. "Resolution of persistent periapical infection by endodontic surgery." International Endodontic Journal 37, no. 1 (January 2004): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00753.x.

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13

Vilson, Fernandino L., Steven Y. Lin, and Bogdana Schmidt. "Resolution of bilateral testicular masses after viral infection." Urology Case Reports 33 (November 2020): 101388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101388.

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14

Pia, Luisanna. "Spatial resolution of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection." Nature Reviews Immunology 20, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00432-8.

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15

Ersoz, Galip, Zeki Karasu, Rukiye Vardar, Ulus Salih Akarca, and Yucel Batur. "Resolution of chronic hepatitis-C following tuberculous infection." American Journal of Gastroenterology 95, no. 12 (December 2000): 3680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03420.x.

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16

Blanchard, Thomas G., John G. Nedrud, and Steven J. Czinn. "Local and Systemic Antibody Responses in Humans withHelicobacter pyloriInfection." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no. 7 (1999): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/142457.

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Immunization can prevent or cure an otherwise chronic helicobacter infection in several animal models despite the chronic nature of natural helicobacter infections. Differences in the antigenic specificity of the antibodies may contribute to the protection observed in these experimental animals. The goal of the present study was to compare the local and systemic antibody responses of humans with chronicHelicobacter pyloriinfection with those of an individual with spontaneous resolution of infection to find an immunological correlate of protection. Spontaneous resolution of infection was accompanied by a change in immunoblot profiles. Whereas a broad range ofH pyloriantigens was recognized in chronically infected patients (including the patient who ultimately cleared the infection spontaneously), resolution of infection in the absence of therapeutic agents resulted in the recognition of only several immunodominant antigens. The most dominant antigen was approximately 66 kDa in molecular mass. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that these antibodies were specific for the structural subunits of the urease enzyme. These studies suggest that the success of antihelicobacter immunization may be due to the ability of vaccination to induce an immune response against antigens that are normally not immunodominant during the course of infection.

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17

Valente Aguiar, Pedro, Bruno Carvalho, Pedro Monteiro, Paulo Linhares, Óscar Camacho, and Rui Vaz. "Hyperbaric oxygen treatment: Results in seven patients with severe bacterial postoperative central nervous system infections and refractory mucormycosis." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm51.1.86-93.

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Introduction: Resistant bacterial infections following brain and spine surgery and spontaneous mucormycosis with central nervous system (CNS) involvement represent a serious treatment challenge and more efficient therapeutic approaches ought to be considered. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has shown promise as a complementary therapy. This case series evaluated whether HBOT contributed to infection resolution in seven patients with refractory CNS infectious conditions. Methods: Clinical results for seven patients referred for HBOT between 2010 to 2018 to treat refractory postoperative brain and spine infections or spontaneously developing mucormycosis were retrospectively analysed. The patients’ clinical files and follow-up consultations were reviewed to assess evolution and outcome. Results: Seven patients were referred with a median age of 56 years. The median follow-up was 20 months. Four patients had postoperative infections and three had rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). HBOT was used as an adjunctive treatment to antimicrobial therapy in all patients. Prior to HBOT, all patients had undergone an average of four operations due to infection refractoriness and had completed an average of five months of antimicrobial therapy. After HBOT, infection resolution was obtained in six patients without additional operations, while one patient with ROCM stopped HBOT after the third session due to intolerance. Three patients stopped antimicrobial therapy while four were maintained on prophylactic treatment. Conclusions: Infection resolution was reached in the six patients that completed HBOT as prescribed. HBOT may serve as an effective complementary treatment in CNS refractory postoperative and spontaneous infections.

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18

Salihu, Shpetim, Katerina Tosheska, Svetlana Cekovska, and Velibor Tasic. "Incidental Detection of Dent-2 Disease in an Infant with Febrile Proteinuria." Medical Principles and Practice 27, no. 4 (2018): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490147.

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Objective: Febrile proteinuria is functional proteinuria and is seen as a transitory phenomenon during acute febrile illness, mainly viral infections. It is a benign phenomenon and clears promptly with resolution of the infection. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: In this report, we present a patient who was thought to have febrile proteinuria. Persistence of significant proteinuria after resolution of the infection prompted biochemical and genetic workup which led to the diagnosis of Dent-2 disease. Conclusion: We recommend the use of SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate electropheresis) for the detection of low molecular weight proteinuria.

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19

Reybrouck, Gerald, and Raf Mertens. "Infection Control and Hospital Hygiene in Belgium." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 10, no. 4 (April 1989): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645994.

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In 1972 the Council of Europe, in which most of the Western European countries are represented, adopted a resolution aimed at the improvement of hospital hygiene and the promotion of the prevention of nosocomial infections. The member states were invited to take the required measures, but each country was free to implement the resolution according to its own needs and particularities. In Belgium, the first legal regulations were issued in 1974—every hospital was obliged to set up a committee for hospital hygiene.Although similar regulations were issued in most other member states. the actual infection control policies adopted can vary. This article highlights some of the particularities for Belgium.

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20

SYED, A. A., and J. O’FLANAGAN. "Mycobacterium malmonese Infection." Journal of Hand Surgery 23, no. 6 (December 1998): 811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(98)80105-8.

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We report a case of non-tuberculous tenosynovitis of the wrist caused by Mycobacterium malmoense. The patient presented with a ganglion-like swelling on the flexor aspect of the wrist. The diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. A satisfactory resolution was obtained by antibiotic therapy alone, indicating that radical synovectomy may not be necessary in all cases of M. malmoense infection.

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21

Varughese, S., and J. Bargman. "Actinomyces neuiiPD Peritonitis—Resolution of Infection Without Catheter Removal." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 34, no. 7 (November 2014): 815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2013.00146.

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22

Summers, J., A. R. Jilbert, W. Yang, C. E. Aldrich, J. Saputelli, S. Litwin, E. Toll, and W. S. Mason. "Hepatocyte turnover during resolution of a transient hepadnaviral infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, no. 20 (September 19, 2003): 11652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1635109100.

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23

Seyed, Negar, and Sima Rafati. "Resolution and pro-resolving lipid mediators in Leishmania infection." Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jommid.7.3.61.

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24

Jorth, P., U. Trivedi, K. Rumbaugh, and M. Whiteley. "Probing Bacterial Metabolism during Infection Using High-Resolution Transcriptomics." Journal of Bacteriology 195, no. 22 (August 23, 2013): 4991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00875-13.

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25

Okada, F., A. Ono, Y. Ando, T. Nakayama, H. Ishii, K. Hiramatsu, H. Sato, A. Kira, M. Otabe, and H. Mori. "High-resolution CT findings in Streptococcus milleri pulmonary infection." Clinical Radiology 68, no. 6 (June 2013): e331-e337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2013.01.019.

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26

Siddiqui, Mahwash F., and Naim Maalouf. "Spontaneous Resolution of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Following COVID-19 Infection." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A223—A224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.454.

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Abstract Background: Spontaneous resolution of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is extremely rare, and has previously been reported exclusively in the setting of apoplexy (auto-infarction) of a large parathyroid adenoma outgrowing its blood supply. We report an unusual case of spontaneous PHPT resolution after Covid-19 infection. Clinical Case: A 38-year-old Hispanic woman was seen in clinic for evaluation of hypercalcemia first noted on routine bloodwork in 2018. She had a history of nephrolithiasis (1 episode) but no other symptom associated with hypercalcemia. She was not on medications associated with hypercalcemia, and had no family history of Ca disorder. Serum biochemistry was notable for hypercalcemia (Ca: 10.9, 10.5, and 10.8 mg/dL, nl 8.4–10.2), normal albumin and Cr, elevated PTH (106 and 70 pg/mL, nl 15–65), with low phosphate (2.3 mg/dL, nl 2.4–4.5) and 25-OH-Vit. D (14 ng/mL, nl 20–80). 24-hr urinary studies showed elevated urine Ca (285 and 375 mg/day, nl 100–250), with urine Cr of 1.3 and 1.5 g/day, respectively. Findings of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and elevated serum PTH, led to the diagnosis of PHPT. Neck ultrasound and sestamibi scan of the parathyroids with SPECT-CT did not localize any abnormal parathyroid gland. A month after PHPT diagnosis, and prior to surgical evaluation, patient presented with a 9-day history of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. She tested positive for Covid-19 infection by SARS-CoV-2 PCR on nasal swab, and was quarantined at home with symptomatic treatment. No glucocorticoids were given. Serum Ca was normal (9.5 mg/dL) at the time of Covid-19 diagnosis. All Covid-19 symptoms subsided 14 days after onset. Repeat labs 1 and 3 months after Covid-19 infection showed persistently normal serum Ca (10.0 and 9.8 mg/dL), with low then normal PTH (13 and 43 pg/mL), compatible with spontaneous resolution of PHPT. Patient denied any neck discomfort before, during, or after Covid-19 infection. Spontaneous resolution of PHPT is rare and follows apoplexy of a large parathyroid adenoma. In our patient, imaging failed to localize a large parathyroid adenoma, making it less likely that resolution of her PHPT was caused by apoplexy. Resolution of PHPT temporally coincided with Covid-19 infection, although the link between the two conditions is unclear at this time. Hypothesized mechanisms include an imbalance in the normal PTH-Ca axis caused by SARS-CoV-2 mediated release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interferon, previously reported to lower serum calcium), or development of antibodies against the parathyroid or CaSR. RNA and protein expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene, is not detected in normal parathyroid tissue. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous resolution of PHPT after Covid-19 infection. Further studies are needed to understand the frequency of this occurrence, and the underlying mechanism.

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Polak, David, Alin Yaya, Dan Henry Levy, Zvi Metzger, and Itzhak Abramovitz. "Enterococcus faecalis sustained infection induces macrophage pro‐resolution polarization." International Endodontic Journal 54, no. 10 (July 10, 2021): 1840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.13574.

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Ng, Zhi Yang, George Fang, and Kah Woon Leo. "Resolution of concomitant Achromobacter xylosoxidans burn wound infection without adjustment of antimicrobial therapy." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 47, no. 01 (January 2014): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.129650.

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ABSTRACT Achromobacter xylosoxidans is part of an emerging group of Gram negative bacterial infections with potentially severe sequelae, especially in the immunocompromised population such as burn patients. While antimicrobial therapy for patients with A. xylosoxidans bacteremia has been reported, the literature is scarce with regard to treatment in patients with positive tissue cultures only. Herein, we report our institution’s experience with such a case and a brief review of the current literature on this micro-organism in the setting of non-bacteremic infection.

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BAILEY, R., T. DUONG, R. CARPENTER, H. WHITTLE, and D. MABEY. "The duration of human ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection is age dependent." Epidemiology and Infection 123, no. 3 (December 1999): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899003076.

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We studied the relationship between age and prevalence, duration and incidence of clinical and laboratory evidence of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a cohort of Gambian subjects examined bi-weekly for 6 months. The duration of disease and infection, estimated by stratified survival analysis, proportional hazards regression and Weibull modelling, was markedly age-dependent. The estimated median duration of disease was 13·2 weeks in 0–4-year-old subjects and 1·7 weeks in those age 15 and over. Adjustment for multiple infections, and for missing observations did not alter this trend. The cumulative incidence rate of disease was reduced threefold with age. More rapid disease resolution is the main source of reduction in prevalence of active trachoma and ocular C. trachomatis infection with age; disease incidence was reduced to a lesser extent. This age-dependent resolution may be effected by adaptive cellular immune mechanisms. Mechanisms responsible for natural immunity should receive appropriate emphasis in vaccine design.

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Park, Chan, Erica Marchiori, Jacob Barber, and Curtis Cardon. "Orbital Fracture Leading to Severe Multifascial Space Infection Including the Parapharyngeal Space: A Report of a Case and Review of the Literature." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 3 (September 2014): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1371974.

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Orbital trauma can result in periorbital and orbital infections. Orbital infections have been classified by Chandler et al in 1970 to their anatomic location and boundaries. This case report describes a patient who developed a severe orbital infection following orbital fractures. The infection progressed to the parapharyngeal space. The patient required multiple incision and drainage surgeries and tissue debridements to have clinical resolution. To our knowledge, there has not been a case described in the literature of an orbital infection progressing to the parapharyngeal space. A literature review of orbital trauma leading to infection discusses the pathogenesis of the infections. This case demonstrates that close clinical follow-up and appropriate medical management of comorbidities that put a patient at higher risk of developing an infection is of the utmost importance in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma patients.

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Wu, Qingyu, Ilka Jorde, Olivia Kershaw, Andreas Jeron, Dunja Bruder, Jens Schreiber, and Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski. "Resolved Influenza A Virus Infection Has Extended Effects on Lung Homeostasis and Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121878.

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Allergic airway inflammation (AAI) involves T helper cell type 2 (Th2) and pro-inflammatory responses to aeroallergens and many predisposing factors remain elusive. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major human pathogen that causes acute respiratory infections and induces specific immune responses essential for viral clearance and resolution of the infection. Beyond acute infection, IAV has been shown to persistently affect lung homeostasis and respiratory immunity. Here we asked how resolved IAV infection affects subsequently induced AAI. Mice infected with a sublethal dose of IAV were sensitized and challenged in an ovalbumin mediated mouse model for AAI after resolution of the acute viral infection. Histological changes, respiratory leukocytes, cytokines and airway hyperreactivity were analyzed in resolved IAV infection alone and in AAI with and without previous IAV infection. More than five weeks after infection, we detected persistent pneumonia with increased activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells and MHCII expressing macrophages in the lung. Resolved IAV infection significantly affected subsequently induced AAI on different levels including morphological changes, respiratory leukocytes and lymphocytes as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, which was clearly diminished. We conclude that IAV has exceptional persisting effects on respiratory immunity with substantial consequences for subsequently induced AAI.

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32

Aljehani, Mariam, Hatem Alahmadi, and Mansour Alshamani. "A Case Report of Complete Resolution of Auricular Mucormycosis in an 18-Month-Old Diabetic Child." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2021 (February 20, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6618191.

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Background. One of the most rare but deadly types of infectious fungal infection is Mucormycosis. All the cases reported with this type of infection are immunocompromised individuals. The challenge of early detection and intervention makes it one of the high mortality rates among other infectious diseases. Case Report. We report an 18-month-old girl with undiagnosed diabetes presented with a very aggressive form of necrotic infection of the ear auricle with facial nerve palsy. Using a series of magnetic resonance imaging, antibiotics, and high clinical suspicion, a diagnosis was established, and the patient was sent to the operation theatre for surgical debridement. Monthly follow-ups showed improvement of the facial palsy, and a plan for artificial auricle is set to occur in the following months before the age of five. Discussion. Mucormycosis is considered a very fatal and aggressive infection that has a very high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Early detection of such cases with an array of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) is crucial in early treatment. Early aggressive surgical debridement and empirical coverage of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can also alleviate the chances of preventing any secondary infection to develop in such cases. Conclusion. A combination of antifungal, antibiotic, and antiviral with timely surgical intervention improved the patient with complete resolution of the facial nerve palsy and no further recurrence of the infection.

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Kasprowicz, Victoria, Yu-Hoi Kang, Michaela Lucas, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Thomas Kuntzen, Vicki Fleming, Brian E. Nolan, et al. "Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Sequence Variation Induces an HCV-Specific T-Cell Phenotype Analogous to Spontaneous Resolution." Journal of Virology 84, no. 3 (November 11, 2009): 1656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01499-09.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cells in persistent HCV infection are low in frequency and paradoxically show a phenotype associated with controlled infections, expressing the memory marker CD127. We addressed to what extent this phenotype is dependent on the presence of cognate antigen. We analyzed virus-specific responses in acute and chronic HCV infections and sequenced autologous virus. We show that CD127 expression is associated with decreased antigenic stimulation after either viral clearance or viral variation. Our data indicate that most CD8 T-cell responses in chronic HCV infection do not target the circulating virus and that the appearance of HCV-specific CD127+ T cells is driven by viral variation.

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Guo, Anting, Wenjiang Huang, Yingying Dong, Huichun Ye, Huiqin Ma, Bo Liu, Wenbin Wu, Yu Ren, Chao Ruan, and Yun Geng. "Wheat Yellow Rust Detection Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Technology." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010123.

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Yellow rust is a worldwide disease that poses a serious threat to the safety of wheat production. Numerous studies on near-surface hyperspectral remote sensing at the leaf scale have achieved good results for disease monitoring. The next step is to monitor the disease at the field scale, which is of great significance for disease control. In our study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a hyperspectral sensor was used to obtain hyperspectral images at the field scale. Vegetation indices (VIs) and texture features (TFs) extracted from the UAV-based hyperspectral images and their combination were used to establish partial least-squares regression (PLSR)-based disease monitoring models in different infection periods. In addition, we resampled the original images with 1.2 cm spatial resolution to images with different spatial resolutions (3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm) to evaluate the effect of spatial resolution on disease monitoring accuracy. The findings showed that the VI-based model had the highest monitoring accuracy (R2 = 0.75) in the mid-infection period. The TF-based model could be used to monitor yellow rust at the field scale and obtained the highest R2 in the mid- and late-infection periods (0.65 and 0.82, respectively). The VI-TF-based models had the highest accuracy in each infection period and outperformed the VI-based or TF-based models. The spatial resolution had a negligible influence on the VI-based monitoring accuracy, but significantly influenced the TF-based monitoring accuracy. Furthermore, the optimal spatial resolution for monitoring yellow rust using the VI-TF-based model in each infection period was 10 cm. The findings provide a reference for accurate disease monitoring using UAV hyperspectral images.

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Coello, Rosa, Petra Gastmeier, and Annette S. de Boer. "Surveillance of Hospital-Acquired Infection in England, Germany, and The Netherlands Will International Comparison of Rates Be Possible?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 22, no. 6 (June 2001): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501923.

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AbstractThree national surveillance systems for nosocomial infection have been developed independently and implemented successfully in England, Germany, and The Netherlands. All three are based on the American National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System and have adopted a surveillance strategy that is targeted at specific infections or groups of patients for limited time periods. Case-finding methods, the minimum data set, and analysis of data are similar and could be standardized easily. Resolution of the differences in the definitions of infection, the study population, and follow-up should make possible the international comparison of infection rates. Such comparisons may identify differences in healthcare practices between countries and suggest areas for improvement.

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Zhang, Nan, Boni Su, Pak-To Chan, Te Miao, Peihua Wang, and Yuguo Li. "Infection Spread and High-Resolution Detection of Close Contact Behaviors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041445.

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Knowledge of human behaviors is important for improving indoor-environment design, building-energy efficiency, and productivity, and for studies of infection spread. However, such data are lacking. In this study, we designed a device for detecting and recording, second by second, the 3D indoor positioning and head and body motions of each graduate student in an office. From more than 400 person hours of data. Students spent 92.2%, 4.1%, 2.9%, and 0.8% of their time in their own office cubicles, other office cubicles, aisles, and areas near public facilities, respectively. They spent 9.7% of time in close contact, and each student averagely had 4.0 close contacts/h. Students spent long time on close contact in the office which may lead to high infection risk. The average interpersonal distance during close contact was 0.81 m. When sitting, students preferred small relative face orientation angle. Pairs of standing students preferred a face-to-face orientation during close contact which means this pattern had a lower infection risk via close contact. Probability of close contact decreased exponentially with the increasing distance between two students’ cubicles. Data on human behaviour during close contact is helpful for infection risk analysis and infection control and prevention.

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Pinzur, Michael S., Rodney Stuck, Ronald Sage, and Helen Osterman. "Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension in the Dysvascular Foot with Infection." Foot & Ankle 14, no. 5 (June 1993): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079301400503.

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Eight adult insulin-requiring diabetics with peripheral vascular disease were admitted with foot infection and signs of systemic sepsis. Transcutaneous oxygen tension was measured at the foot and ankle prior to surgery. None of the values were sufficient to support wound healing. Four of the patients underwent open ray resection and four open midfoot amputation. After resolution of the local infections, transcutaneous oxygen tensions were repeated. Seven of the eight patients exhibited an appreciable increase in the value following decompression of the foot infection, sufficient to support wound healing.

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Harry, W., and W. H. Clewell. "P15.15: Resolution of Ballantyne syndrome following the resolution of fetal hydrops secondary to congenital parvovirus infection." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 26, no. 4 (September 2005): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.2563.

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Kaur, Manminder, Thomas Bell, Samira Salek-Ardakani, and Tracy Hussell. "Macrophage adaptation in airway inflammatory resolution." European Respiratory Review 24, no. 137 (August 31, 2015): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0030-2015.

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Bacterial and viral infections (exacerbations) are particularly problematic in those with underlying respiratory disease, including post-viral infection, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Patients experiencing exacerbations tend to be at the more severe end of the disease spectrum and are often difficult to treat. Most of the unmet medical need remains in this patient group. Airway macrophages are one of the first cell populations to encounter airborne pathogens and, in health, exist in a state of reduced responsiveness due to interactions with the respiratory epithelium and specific factors found in the airway lumen. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, surfactant proteins and signalling via the CD200 receptor, for example, all raise the threshold above which airway macrophages can be activated. We highlight that following severe respiratory inflammation, the airspace microenvironment does not automatically re-set to baseline and may leave airway macrophages more restrained than they were at the outset. This excessive restraint is mediated in part by the clearance of apoptotic cells and components of extracellular matrix. This implies that one strategy to combat respiratory exacerbations would be to retune airway macrophage responsiveness to allow earlier bacterial recognition.

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Aljabr, Waleed, Stuart Armstrong, Natasha Y. Rickett, Georgios Pollakis, Olivier Touzelet, Elaine Cloutman-Green, David A. Matthews, and Julian A. Hiscox. "High Resolution Analysis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Vivo." Viruses 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100926.

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of pediatric infection and also causes disease in the elderly and those with underlying respiratory problems. There is no vaccine for HRSV and anti-viral therapeutics are not broadly applicable. To investigate the effect of HRSV biology in children, nasopharyngeal aspirates were taken from children with different viral loads and a combined high throughput RNAseq and label free quantitative proteomics approach was used to characterize the nucleic acid and proteins in these samples. HRSV proteins were identified in the nasopharyngeal aspirates from infected children, and their abundance correlated with viral load (Ct value), confirming HRSV infection. Analysis of the HRSV genome indicated that the children were infected with sub-group A virus and that minor variants in nucleotide frequency occurred in discrete clusters along the HRSV genome, and within a patient clustered distinctly within the glycoprotein gene. Data from the samples were binned into four groups; no-HRSV infection (control), high viral load (Ct < 20), medium viral load (Ct = 20–25), and low viral load (Ct > 25). Cellular proteins associated with the anti-viral response (e.g., ISG15) were identified in the nasopharyngeal aspirates and their abundance was correlated with viral load. These combined approaches have not been used before to study HRSV biology in vivo and can be readily applied to the study the variation of virus host interactions.

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Thiers, B. H. "Intravenous cidofovir-induced resolution of disfiguring cutaneous human papillomavirus infection." Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery 2007 (January 2007): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-3619(08)70429-5.

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Rawa-Gołębiewska, Anna, Małgorzata Lenarcik, and Edyta Zagórowicz. "Resolution of CMV Infection in the Bowel on Vedolizumab Therapy." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 13, no. 9 (March 12, 2019): 1234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz033.

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Calista, Donato. "Resolution of recalcitrant human papillomavirus gingival infection with topical cidofovir." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 90, no. 6 (December 2000): 713–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/moe.2000.110413.

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Dziedziech, Alexis, Sai Shivankar, and Ulrich Theopold. "High-Resolution Infection Kinetics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Entering Drosophila melanogaster." Insects 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010060.

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been a useful model for studying wound healing in insects due to their natural mechanism of entering an insect host either through the cuticle or an orifice. While many experiments have shed light on nematode and host behavior, as well as the host immune response, details regarding early nematode entry and proliferative events have been limited. Using high-resolution microscopy, we provide data on the early infection kinetics of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its symbiotic bacteria, Photorhabdus luminescens. EPNs appendage themselves to the host and enter through the host cuticle with a drill-like mechanism while leaving their outer sheath behind. EPNs immediately release their symbiotic bacteria in the host which leads to changes in host behavior and septicemia within 6 h while EPNs travel through the host in a predictable manner, congregating in the anterior end of the host. This paper sheds light on the entry and proliferative events of EPN infection, which will further aid in our understanding of wound healing and host immune activation at a high spatiotemporal resolution.

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Bakshi, Rakesh K., Kanupriya Gupta, Stephen J. Jordan, LaDraka’ T. Brown, Christen G. Press, Rachel J. Gorwitz, John R. Papp, et al. "Immunoglobulin-Based Investigation of Spontaneous Resolution of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection." Journal of Infectious Diseases 215, no. 11 (April 21, 2017): 1653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix194.

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Coffey, Robert J., and L. Dade Lunsford. "Supracallosal interhemispheric arachnoid cyst: Resolution after intracystic hemorrhage and infection." Surgical Neurology 29, no. 2 (February 1988): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(88)90075-4.

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Yamamoto, Hitoshi, Noriko Kamiyama, Hiroshi Murakami, Yusaku Miyamoto, and Miho Fukuda. "Spontaneous resolution of intractable epileptic seizures following HHV-7 infection." Brain and Development 29, no. 3 (April 2007): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2006.08.007.

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Kottke, Margaret D., and Sareeta R. S. Parker. "Intravenous cidofovir-induced resolution of disfiguring cutaneous human papillomavirus infection." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 55, no. 3 (September 2006): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.01.007.

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Ferreira, J., P. Coelho, D. Guerreiro, G. Dias, and L. Cerejeira. "Resolution of persistent infection by periapical surgery: a case report." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 42, no. 10 (October 2013): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.490.

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Warila, Rachel, and Rebecca Hoover. "Literature Review of Saccharomyces boulardii in the Treatment of Refractory Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection." International Journal of Food and Allied Sciences 3, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21620/ijfaas.2017120-26.

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<p>Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of S. boulardii for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infections.</p><p>Methods: Eligible articles included S. boulardii in patients with recurrent C. difficile infection. The primary endpoint examined was clinical resolution of infection with no further recurrences during follow-up.</p><p>Results: Six studies met inclusion criteria. A case report showed resolution of recurrences in one patient, and an experimental trial showed a trend towards decreased recurrences in patients receiving S. boulardii (85% no further recurrences). Two randomized controlled trials found a significant decrease in recurrences for S. boulardii versus placebo (34.6% vs 64.7%, P=0.04; 16.7% vs 50%, P=0.05). One meta-analysis determined significant efficacy for S. boulardii in reducing relapses (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.98), while another concluded there was insufficient evidence to recommend probiotics for C. difficile infection.</p><p>Conclusions: S. boulardii may be considered for patients with recurrent C. difficile infection, refractory to antibiotic regimens alone.</p>

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