Relevant bibliographies by topics / Resolution of infection

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Resolution of infection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Resolution of infection"

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Hopkins, Walter J., Annette Gendron-Fitzpatrick, Edward Balish, and David T. Uehling. "Time Course and Host Responses to Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection in Genetically Distinct Mouse Strains." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.6.2798-2802.1998.

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ABSTRACT Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant clinical problem for many women; however, host susceptibility factors have not been completely defined. The mouse model of induced UTI provides an experimental environment in which to identify specific host characteristics that are important in initial bacterial colonization of the urinary tract and in resolution of an infection. This study examined initial susceptibility, bacterial clearance, and host defense mechanisms during induction and resolution of Escherichia coli UTIs in genetically distinct strains of mice. Of the ten inbred strains tested, six (BALB/c, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, DBA.1, DBA.2, and AKR) showed progressive resolution of bladder infections over a 14-day period. A constant, low-level bladder infection was observed in SWR and SJL mice. High bladder infection levels persisted over the 14-day study period in C3H/HeJ and C3H/OuJ mice. Kidney infection levels generally correlated with bladder infection levels, especially in C3H/HeJ and C3H/OuJ mice, the two most susceptible strains, in which infections became more severe with time after challenge. The degree of inflammation in bladder and kidneys, as well as antibody-forming cell responses, positively correlated with infection intensity in all strains except C3H/HeJ, which had minimal inflammation despite high infection levels. These results demonstrate two important aspects of host defense against UTI. First, the innate immune response to an infection in the bladder or kidneys consists primarily of local inflammation, which is followed by an adaptive response characterized in part by an antibody response to the infecting bacteria. Second, a UTI will be spontaneously resolved in most cases; however, in mice with specific genetic backgrounds, a UTI can persist for an extended length of time. The latter result strongly suggests that the presence or absence of specific host genes will determine how effectively an E. coli UTI will be resolved.
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Tadros, Susan, Sameer Bahal, and Vasantha Nagendran. "Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection." F1000Research 7 (November 2, 2018): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16836.1.

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Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections. Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.
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Tadros, Susan, Sameer Bahal, and Vasantha Nagendran. "Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection." F1000Research 7 (May 14, 2019): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16836.2.

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Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections. Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.
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Tadros, Susan, Sameer Bahal, and Vasantha Nagendran. "Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection." F1000Research 7 (June 6, 2019): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16836.3.

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Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections. Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.
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Kennedy, Adam D., and Frank R. DeLeo. "Neutrophil apoptosis and the resolution of infection." Immunologic Research 43, no. 1-3 (December 9, 2008): 25–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-008-8049-6.

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Garcia-Roig, Michael L., and Andrew J. Kirsch. "Urinary tract infection in the setting of vesicoureteral reflux." F1000Research 5 (June 30, 2016): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8390.1.

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Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most common underlying etiology responsible for febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) or pyelonephritis in children. Along with the morbidity of pyelonephritis, long-term sequelae of recurrent renal infections include renal scarring, proteinuria, and hypertension. Treatment is directed toward the prevention of recurrent infection through use of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis during a period of observation for spontaneous resolution or by surgical correction. In children, bowel and bladder dysfunction (BBD) plays a significant role in the occurrence of UTI and the rate of VUR resolution. Effective treatment of BBD leads to higher rates of spontaneous resolution and decreased risk of UTI.
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Wimmer, Matthias D., Gunnar T. R. Hischebeth, Thomas M. Randau, Martin Gathen, Frank A. Schildberg, Frank S. Fröschen, Hendrik Kohlhof, and Sascha Gravius. "Difficult-to-treat pathogens significantly reduce infection resolution in periprosthetic joint infections." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 98, no. 2 (October 2020): 115114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115114.

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Brady, Rebecca A., Graeme A. O'May, Jeff G. Leid, Megan L. Prior, J. William Costerton, and Mark E. Shirtliff. "Resolution ofStaphylococcus aureusBiofilm Infection Using Vaccination and Antibiotic Treatment." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 4 (January 10, 2011): 1797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00451-10.

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ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusinfections, particularly those from methicillin-resistant strains (i.e., MRSA), are reaching epidemic proportions, with no effective vaccine available. The vast number and transient expression of virulence factors in the infectious course of this pathogen have made the discovery of protective antigens particularly difficult. In addition, the divergent planktonic and biofilm modes of growth with their accompanying proteomic changes also demonstrate significant hindrances to vaccine development. In this study, a multicomponent vaccine was evaluated for its ability to clear a staphylococcal biofilm infection. Antigens (glucosaminidase, an ABC transporter lipoprotein, a conserved hypothetical protein, and a conserved lipoprotein) were chosen since they were found in previous studies to have upregulated and sustained expression in a biofilm, bothin vitroandin vivo. Antibodies against these antigens were first used in microscopy studies to localize their expression inin vitrobiofilms. Each of the four antigens showed heterogeneous production in various locations within the complex biofilm community in the biofilm. Based upon these studies, the four antigens were delivered simultaneously as a quadrivalent vaccine in order to compensate for this varied production. In addition, antibiotic treatment was also administered to clear the remaining nonattached planktonic cells since the vaccine antigens may have been biofilm specific. The results demonstrated that when vaccination was coupled with vancomycin treatment in a biofilm model of chronic osteomyelitis in rabbits, clinical and radiographic signs of infection significantly reduced by 67 and 82%, respectively, compared to infected animals that were either treated with vancomycin or left untreated. In contrast, vaccination alone resulted in a modest, and nonsignificant, decrease in clinical (34% reduction) and radiographic signs (9% reduction) of infection, compared to nonvaccinated animal groups untreated or treated with vancomycin. Lastly, MRSA biofilm infections were significantly cleared in 87.5% of vaccinated and antibiotic-treated animals, while antibiotics or vaccine alone could not significantly clear infection compared to controls (55.6, 22.2, and 33.3% clearance rates, respectively). This approach to vaccine development may lead to the generation of vaccines against other pathogenic biofilm bacteria.
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Ejrnaes, Mette, Christophe M. Filippi, Marianne M. Martinic, Eleanor M. Ling, Lisa M. Togher, Shane Crotty, and Matthias G. von Herrath. "Resolution of a chronic viral infection after interleukin-10 receptor blockade." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 11 (October 9, 2006): 2461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20061462.

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A defining characteristic of persistent viral infections is the loss and functional inactivation of antiviral effector T cells, which prevents viral clearance. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses cellular immune responses by modulating the function of T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In this paper, we report that IL-10 production is drastically increased in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. In vivo blockade of the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) with a neutralizing antibody resulted in rapid resolution of the persistent infection. IL-10 secretion was diminished and interferon γ production by antiviral CD8+ T cells was enhanced. In persistently infected mice, CD8α+ dendritic cell (DC) numbers declined early after infection, whereas CD8α− DC numbers were not affected. CD8α− DCs supported IL-10 production and subsequent dampening of antiviral T cell responses. Therapeutic IL-10R blockade broke the cycle of IL-10–mediated immune suppression, preventing IL-10 priming by CD8α− DCs and enhancing antiviral responses and thereby resolving infection without causing immunopathology.
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Kazmi, H. R., F. D. Raffone, A. S. Kliger, and F. O. Finkelstein. "Pseudomonas exit site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 10 (April 1992): 1498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v2101498.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the natural history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exit site infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients treated with oral ciprofloxacin and local exit site care. A retrospective view was undertaken of 18 episodes of P. aeruginosa exit site infections developing in 17 patients maintained on CAPD during 1989 and 1990. Standardized therapy for the exit site infection consisted of oral ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily) and local exit site care with antiseptic agents. Fifteen (83%) of 18 of the pseudomonas exit site infections resolved with therapy. Three episodes (17%) required catheter removal to successfully eradicate the infection. Four of the 15 patients whose exit site infections resolved developed P. aeruginosa peritonitis 2 to 9 months after the clinical resolution of the exit site infection. The majority of pseudomonas exit site infections in CAPD patients can be successfully treated with oral ciprofloxacin and local care. Approximately 17% of the patients in this study required catheter removal to successfully eradicate the infection and an additional 22% of the patients developed pseudomonas peritonitis several months after the resolution of the exit site infection.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Resolution of infection"

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Teo, Su Hui Catherine. "Spatiotemporal resolution of global protein synthesis during herpes simplex virus infection using bioorthogonal precursors and click chemistry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/63934.

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) modulates the host cell’s proteome and transcriptome during infection to fulfil the needs of the virus for productive replication and transmission. Using bioorthogonal precursors and click chemistry, I have examined spatiotemporal aspects of global protein synthesis during single step replication and cell-to-cell transmission with results revealing new insights into the complex spatial interplay between translational control processes, protein localisation and transcription during HSV infection. For the first time, translational suppression and recovery is visualised at the single cell level, reflecting a very early biphasic switch in translational control. The biphasic switch is dependent on the RNase activity of HSV virion host shutoff protein (vhs), and vhs also mediates eIF4H nuclear translocation coupled to the initial suppression. During translational recovery, my results also show rapid accumulation of newly synthesised proteins in novel subnuclear domains termed newly synthesised protein domains (NPDs). ICP22 is specifically required for NPD formation and shows selective recruitment to these domains. Additionally, a host protein, SSRP1, is also displaced from its normal localisation in the nucleolus and selectively recruited to NPDs very early in infection, dependent on ICP22 expression. Furthermore, spatial analysis of newly transcribed RNA also reveals that early after infection transcripts accumulate in irregular structures termed RNA islands which form distinct populations. While a fraction of RNA islands localises juxtaposed with a subpopulation of NPDs, the majority of this newly synthesised RNA shows precise colocalisation in distinct domains which also recruits a cellular RNA helicase, p68. These later RNA domains adjoin foci containing the immediate-early transcriptional regulator ICP4 in a specifically organised manner. In addition to profound qualitative changes observed during translational recovery, quantitative proteomics and identification of the newly synthesised nuclear proteome using HPG pulsed-SILAC with LC- MS/MS indicates coordinated mobilisation of distinct cellular pathways, in particular eIF2 signalling pathway and RNA post-transcriptional modification. These results reveal new features of protein metabolism during infection, and involvement of ICP22 in newly synthesised protein processing pathways.
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Kheir, Saadé. "Etude d'une thérapie cellulaire par transplantation intrapulmonaire de macrophages dans le traitement d'une infection aigue à pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7085.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) est un bacille Gram négatif responsable d’infections chroniques associées à une mortalité élevée due à la prédilection de la bactérie à développer une résistance aux antibiotiques et l’inefficacité des thérapies actuelles. Notre groupe a montré dans un modèle d’infection aigue chez la souris, que l’élastase B (LasB), un facteur de virulence de P.a, dégrade la cytokine IL-6 et la molécule antimicrobienne Elafine et que la surexpression de ces deux médiateurs confère une protection aux souris en diminuant l’inflammation et augmentant la réparation. Les macrophages alvéolaires représentent la population myéloïde la plus abondante dans l’espace alvéolaire et jouent un rôle clé dans le maintien de l’homéostasie, l’initiation & la résolution de l’inflammation. Compte tenu de leur importance, ils sont très étudiés dans le cadre de développement de nouvelles approches de thérapie cellulaire. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse que le macrophage alvéolaire qui est également cible de P.a et de LasB plus particulièrement, puisse être un outil adéquat pour le transfert de la protection IL-6- et Elafine-médiée. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de modifier le macrophage avec des vecteurs adénoviraux permettant la surexpression de l’IL-6 et de l’Elafine, et de l’utiliser comme un outil thérapeutique dans un modèle de transplantation intrapulmonaire suivie d’une infection par P.a. Nous montrons que le transfert de macrophages génétiquement modifiés avec l’IL-6 et l’Elafine est protecteur. L’Elafine induit dans le macrophage une signature IL6/IL10/peptides antimicrobiens qui, en synergie avec l’IL-6, confère un phénotype régulateur à l’unité alvéolaire
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a) is a Gram-negative bacillus responsible for chronic infections associated with high mortality due to the bacterium's predilection for developing antibiotic resistance and the inefficacy of current therapies. Our group showed in a model of acute infection in mice that Elastase B (LasB), a virulence factor of Pa, degrades the cytokine IL-6 and the antimicrobial molecule Elafine and that the overexpression of these two mediators provides protection to mice by decreasing inflammation and increasing repair. Alveolar macrophages represent the most abundant myeloid population in the alveolar space and play a key role in maintaining homeostasis, initiation and resolution of inflammation. Given their importance, they are very much studied in the development of new approaches to cell therapy. We therefore hypothesized that the alveolar macrophage which is also targeted by P.a and LasB more particularly, may be an adequate tool for the transfer of IL-6- and Elafine-mediated protection. The main objective of this work is to modify the macrophage with adenoviral vectors allowing the overexpression of IL-6 and Elafine, and to use it as a therapeutic tool in an intrapulmonary transplantation model followed by a Pa infection We show that the transfer of genetically modified macrophages with IL-6 and Elafine is protective. Elafine induces in the macrophage an IL6 / IL10 / antimicrobial peptide signature which, in synergy with IL-6, confers a regulatory phenotype to the alveolar unit
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Al_griw, Huda Hm. "Molecular detection of bloodstream pathogens in critical illness." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/molecular-detection-of-bloodstream-pathogens-in-critical-illness(5f143a31-3694-454c-8940-5ae434f1eb31).html.

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Background: Critically ill patients are at particular risk of developing bloodstream infection. Such infections are associated with the development of sepsis, leading to a marked increase in mortality rate. Early detection of the causative organism and appropriate antibiotic treatment are therefore critical for optimum outcome of patients with nosocomial infection. Current infection diagnosis is based on standard blood culture techniques. However, microbiological culture has a number of limitations, not least that it takes several days to confirm infection and is therefore not useful in directing the early treatment with antibiotics. New techniques based on the detection of pathogen DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology have the potential to address these limitations but their clinical utility is still to be proved. Objectives: Develop and evaluate novel PCR-based approaches to bloodstream infection diagnosis in critical illness based on detection and identification of bacterial and fungal DNA in blood. Methods: A range of commercial and 'in-house' PCR-based assays for detection of bacterial and fungal DNA were developed and/or optimised for use in clinical blood samples. These included LightCycler SeptiFast, a CE-marked multi-pathogen assay for common bloodstream pathogens, BactScreen and GramScreen, broad spectrum bacterial assays based on 16S rRNA gene and real-time PCR assays developed to detect a range of clinically important fungal pathogens. Novel approaches to speciation of pathogen DNA using melting temperature (Tm) profiling and high resolution melting analysis (HRMA) were developed. Clinical evaluation of assays was either on blinded clinical isolates or blood samples from critically ill patients with clinical suspicion of bloodstream infection against conventional microbiological culture. Several techniques aimed at improving extraction of pathogen DNA from blood were also investigated. Results: The CE-marked commercial assay SeptiFast showed analytical sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 83% respectively. Concordance with positive culture results was good but high levels of 'false positives' were detected possibly attributed to detection of free pathogen DNA not associated with viable pathogens. The predictive value of a negative SeptiFast test was 98% suggesting that absence of pathogen DNA is a strong indicator of absence of infection. Further studies were aimed at detailed optimisation and validation of 16S rRNA gene real-time PCR assays for bacterial DNA. BactScreen and GramScreen were able to detect a broad range of clinically important bacteria down to <50 CFU/ml blood. A preliminary comparative evaluation against SeptiFast showed BactScreen gave excellent concordance with blood culture results with minimal false positive results compared to SeptiFast. Efficient extraction of pathogen DNA was shown to be a key factor in determining analytical sensitivity and several protocols were evaluated. Low cost approaches to speciation of bacterial DNA were developed by combining broad range real-time PCR with HRMA. A novel HRMA method based on Tm profiling was shown to identify 89% and 96% of blinded clinical isolates at species or genus level respectively. Real-time PCR/HRMA approaches were also successfully developed for detection and identification of fungal pathogens including a range of Candida and Aspergillus species associated with bloodstream fungal infection. Conclusions: These studies have highlighted some of the key factors that need to be considered when developing and validating PCR based assays for pathogen DNA detection in blood. A set of novel tools have been developed for rapid detection and identification of bacterial and fungal pathogens that could address the challenges of infection diagnosis based on pathogen DNA detection. Further work is required, not least in development of more efficient pathogen DNA extraction and detailed clinical validation but the tools described here have the potential to provide cost effective solutions to aid infection diagnosis that would be complementary to current culture-based methods. The provision of time critical information could have a positive impact on clinical decision-making leading to more effective management and treatment of patients with suspected bloodstream infection.
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Rita, Krystianelly Patrícia Pedrosa Santa. "Avaliação dos parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos do ar na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e no centro cirúrgico do Hospital Universitário Prof. Dr. Alberto Antunes HUPAA, Maceió-AL." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/935.

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Intensive care units (ICU) and Surgical Center are noteworthy environments, because patients with poor health that frequent these places are subjected to acquire infections from the air of these environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the air quality during the dry and rainy seasons of air-conditioned rooms of the NICU, neonatal intensive care unit, (A, B and C) , surgical center and exterior area at the University Hospital HUPAA/UFAL, Maceió-AL, for parameters recommended by ANVISA, and identify the mycoflora found and quantify the bacteria in the air. A number of 22 points of collects were performed, totaling 220 samples of air taken through the methodology specified by ANVISA s No. 9 Resolution, which consists in the definition of the parameters of bioaerosol, CO2, temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and aerialdispersoids. Macro and microscopic features were compared in order to identify the mycoflora and yeasts were identified by PCR with species-specific primers. From the 3.839 fungal colony forming units (CFU) isolated, 1.085 CFU were identified as belonging to 21 genera distributed among 63 species. Mycelia Sterilia with 121 CFU (11.1%) and Cladosporium cladosporioides with 78 CFU (7.2%) were the most frequent species in rainy season. Among the yeast species, Candida parapsilosis and C. tropicalis had the biggest frequency, both with four isolates corresponding to 4.7% each. The means were statistically significant for the parameters CO2, temperature, humidity and aerialdispersoids, not being significant for the air speed parameter. The observed values shows that the environments tested in the hospital were out of compliance for most of the parameters recommended by health surveillance in relation to the indoor air quality. Corrective measures are needed to remedy the possible sources of contamination in hospitals in order to comply with the four technical standards recommended by the National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance, contributing to the reduction of the levels of hospital infection, and the number of deaths related to it.
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
As UTI s e o centro cirúrgico são ambientes hospitalares que merecem destaque, pois os pacientes nestes locais estão sujeitos a adquirir infecções provenientes do ar desses ambientes por apresentarem a saúde debilitada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do ar durante os períodos seco e chuvoso dos ambientes internos climatizados A, B e C da UTN, do centro cirúrgico e do ponto externo do Hospital Universitário HUPAA/UFAL, Maceió-AL, com relação aos parâmetros recomendados pela ANVISA, além de identificar a microbiota fúngica e quantificar as bactérias presentes no ar. Foram realizadas 22 coletas, totalizando 220 amostragens de ar realizadas através da metodologia indicada pela Resolução nº 9 da ANVISA que consiste na determinação dos parâmetros de bioaerossóis, CO2, temperatura, umidade relativa, velocidade do ar e aerodispersóides. Para identificação dos fungos filamentosos foram comparadas as características macro e microscópicas e as leveduras foram identificadas através da técnica de PCR com iniciadores espécie-específicos. Das 3.839 UFC fúngicas isoladas foram identificadas 1.085 UFC pertencentes a 21 gêneros distribuídos em 63 espécies, sendo Mycelia Sterilia com 121 (11,1%) UFC e Cladosporium cladosporioides com 78 (7,2%) UFC as espécies mais freqüentes no período chuvoso. Entre as leveduras, Candida parapsilosis e C. tropicalis foram as mais ocorrentes, ambas com quatro isolados correspondendo a 4,7% cada. As médias foram estatisticamente significativas para os parâmetros CO2, temperatura, umidade relativa, aerodispersóides e bioaerossóis, não sendo significativas para o parâmetro velocidade do ar. Os valores observados demonstram que os ambientes hospitalares estudados estavam fora de conformidade para maioria dos parâmetros recomendados pela vigilância sanitária em relação à qualidade do ar de interiores. Medidas corretivas são necessárias para remediar as possíveis fontes de contaminação nas unidades hospitalares de forma a atender as quatro normas técnicas preconizadas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, contribuindo para minimizar os níveis de infecção hospitalar e o número de óbitos a esta relacionados.
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Nugent, Graham. "The role of wild deer in the epidemiology and management of bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2005. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070212.130927/.

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The eco-epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in wild deer (mainly red deer Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand was investigated. Bovine Tb is caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Specific aims were to clarify the likely routes of infection in deer, and to determine the status of deer as hosts of Tb, the likely rates and routes of inter- and intra-species transmission between deer and other wildlife hosts, the role of deer in spreading Tb, and the likely utility of deer as sentinels of Tb presence in wildlife. As the possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the main wildlife host of Tb, the research also included some investigation of transmission routes in possums. Patterns of infection were measured in 994 deer killed between 1993 and 2003. Tb prevalence varied between areas (range 8–36%). Few deer had generalised infection, with 21–68% of infected deer having no visible lesions, depending on the area. The retropharyngeal lymph nodes and oropharyngeal tonsils were commonly infected. No dependent fawns less than 0.75 years old were infected, indicating intra-species transmission is rare in wild deer. Where possums were not controlled, the net (cumulative) force of infection in young (1–4 y) deer was 0.10–0.24 per year in males and 0.09–0.12 per year in females, but much lower in older deer (less than 0.05 per year). Possum control reduced the net force of infection quickly, and eventually to zero. However, Tb persisted in possum-controlled areas through immigration of infected deer and, for almost a decade, through the survival of resident deer infected before possum control. Tb was lost from infected deer at an exponential rate of 0.13 per year, mostly as a result of deer recovering from infection rather than dying from it. Wild deer do die of Tb, but there was no discernible effect on age structure. The occurrence of infection in deer was not linked to the local deer or possum density at their kill sites (i.e. in their home range), but the area-wide prevalence of Tb in deer was closely correlated with Tb levels in possums, which were in turn correlated with area-wide measures of possum density. For wild deer in New Zealand, Tb is a persistent but usually inconsequential disease of the lymphatic system. It is acquired mainly by young independent deer, usually orally via the tonsils, and probably as a result of licking infected possums. Many species fed on deer carrion, including possums. Most possums encountering carrion did not feed on it, but a few fed for long periods. Other scavengers such ferrets (Mustela furo), hawks (Circus approximans), and weka (a hen-sized flightless native bird; Gallirallus australis) fed in a way that probably increased the infectivity of carrion to possums. Commercial deer hunting may have facilitated the historical establishment of Tb in possums. Scavenging (including cannibalism) and interactions with dead and dying possums are identified for the first time as potentially important routes for transmission of Tb to possums, and I develop new hypotheses involving peri- and post-mortem transmission in possums that explain many of the epidemiological patterns that are characteristic of the disease in possum. In continuous native forest, deer home range size averaged 250 hectares for six young females, and over twice that for two males. Over 90% of infected deer are likely to die within 2 km (females) or 6 km (males) of where they acquired Tb, but deer could occasionally carry Tb up to 30 km. Deer will be useful as sentinels, but only where other sentinels are rare, because the force of infection for a deer with a single infected possum in its home range is only 0.004 per year, compared to greater than 0.2 per year for deliberately released pigs. Deer are occasionally capable of initiating new cycles of infection in wildlife, but deer control is not essential to eradicate Tb from wildlife.
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Song-Zhao, George Xiaoxi. "The role of NLRs in induction and resolution of intestinal inflammation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74c0e3a2-82ae-4311-8abe-21926835bc17.

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Innate immune activation is thought to play a central role in IBD pathogenesis because genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 and NLRP3, cytosolic innate immune receptors belonging to the NLR family, have been associated with IBD susceptibility. However, the mechanisms through which NLR mutations predispose to IBD remain unclear. The aim of this project was to dissect the functional roles of different NLRs in intestinal inflammation. Using the well-established DSS-induced colitis model as well as experimental models of IBD based on infection with Helicobacter hepaticus, we found that Nod2 expression was significantly increased at the peak of intestinal inflammation, and remained elevated throughout the resolution process. This observation suggests a possible role for Nod2 in the resolution of inflammation. Conversely, upon infection with the acute intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, Nlrp3-/- mice suffered from increased bacterial colonization as early as 3 days post infection, resulting in exacerbated intestinal inflammation and severe weight loss. Analysis of irradiation bone marrow chimeras showed that the protection required Nlrp3 activation in the non-haematopoietic compartment. Furthermore, this protective mechanism was independent of the inflammasome-associated cytokines IL-1β or IL-18. Therefore, this study implicates Nlrp3 activation in intestinal tissue cells as having a crucial role in controlling pathogenic bacterial colonization, providing a potential mechanism by which NLRP3 polymorphisms could lead to increased susceptibility to IBD.
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Ozbak, Hani. "The application of High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) for rapid detection of bacteria responsible for bloodstream infections." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-application-of-high-resolution-melting-analysis-hrma-for-rapid-detection-of-bacteria-responsible-for-bloodstream-infections(b3d5c15b-9541-44c2-873c-f7a32fc60282).html.

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Background: The diagnosis of bloodstream infection is a significant challenge for healthcare providers and is often associated with severe illness (sepsis) and poor outcomes. Rapid detection and identification of pathogens followed by characterisation of antibiotic resistance could help direct early treatment and improve patient care. Standard blood culture methods, which usually take 2-5 days to complete, can confirm if there is a bacteraemia or not in suspected patients. However, molecular approaches have been developed and are being increasingly investigated to overcome disadvantages of culture. One of the main potentials of molecular techniques is that they should be able to identify pathogens within a short time which could help clinicians treat patients earlier with rational antimicrobial therapy and limit overuse of antibiotic exposure. Objectives: To present the development and optimisation of a simple, rapid and cost-effective Real Time PCR methods combined with a High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) approach, to detect and identify common bacteria associated with bloodstream infections. Approach: 16S rRNA and Gram classification primers were used on a broad range real-time PCR for molecular Gram typing and HRMA in a single run. Differentiation of bacterial species was achieved using a multi-parameter, decision-tree approach based on Gram typing, grouping according to melting temperature (Tm) and sequential comparisons of melting profiles (Curve shapes) against reference organisms. Findings: A preliminary validation was undertaken by blinded analysis of 53 consecutive bloodstream isolates from a clinical microbiology laboratory. 50 isolates contained organisms present on the panel and 96% of these were identified correctly at genus or species level. A correct Gram classification was reported for all 53 isolates. The strategy of amplification of the bacterial signal to an appropriate level using a short term pre-culture system (STPCS) for up to 12 hours prior to HRMA analysis significantly improved the overall sensitivity of the assay in spiked blood. Conclusion: This study suggests that a PCR-HRMA approach could be used as an alternative cheap approach to other molecular approaches for rapid detection and identification of bacteria responsible for >95% of bloodstream infections especially when combined with a Short Term Pre-Culture System (STPCS). Such development together with the current standard culture-based methods could allow clinicians to establish more effective management and treatment of patients with suspected bloodstream infection at an earlier stage than is possible with only current culture-based approaches.
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Blaho, Victoria Alison. "Lipid mediators in the development and resolution of experimental lyme arthritis." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4819.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "May 2007" Includes bibliographical references.
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Tairo, Fred. "Molecular resolution of genetic variability of major sweetpotato viruses and improved diagnosis of potyviruses co-infecting sweetpotato /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Foresty Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200605.pdf.

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George, Nicholas M. "Resolution of Inflammation Rescues Axon Initial Segment Disruption." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4186.

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Axonal domains are required for proper neuron function. These domains are unstable and degenerate concurrent with the inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the inflammatory disease models experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the axon initial segment (AIS) is maintained independently of the presence of myelin, but that AIS disruption is seen in MS as well as EAE and LPS-mediated inflammation. AIS loss can be interrupted in the early stage of EAE using the anti-inflammatory drug Didox. However, the potential for Didox directed repair of the AIS in later stages of disease has not been investigated. Here, we utilize two models of CNS inflammation to assess the possibility of reversing AIS pathology. Based on our findings, we present the first evidence that AIS degeneration, an axonal pathology observed in MS and in chronic inflammation, is reversible.
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Books on the topic "Resolution of infection"

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Switzer, C. M. Resolution of plant health issues: With particular reference to the infection of Canadian seed potatoes with the tobacco veinal narcosis strain of potato virus Y (PVYN). Guelph, Ont: Clay Switzer Consultants, 1992.

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Branch, Hawaii STD/AIDS Prevention. Report to the Twenty-First Legislature, State of Hawaii, regular session 2001: In compliance with House Resolution HR 99 relating to increasing access to sterile syringes. [Honolulu, Hawaii]: The Branch, 2001.

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Samol, Nancy B., and Eric P. Wittkugel. Upper Respiratory Infection. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0003.

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Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are common in children, with most children experiencing six to eight episodes per year. Some evidence suggests that the airway reactivity associated with these infections persists for several weeks after resolution of symptoms and increases the risk of perioperative adverse events. Other data indicate that these complications are easily managed and seldom associated with any adverse sequelae. Unfortunately, cancellation of patients harboring URIs is not without economic and emotional implications for the patient, the family, and the operating suite as a whole. Understanding the risk factors associated with administering anesthesia to the child with a URI is important in identifying elements of the preoperative assessment that merit attention and in optimizing the anesthetic plan as a means to limit perioperative complications.
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Baydoun, Hasan E., Bachar Hamade, and Jamil D. Bayram. Septic Arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0046.

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Septic arthritis is an infectious inflammation of a joint. It usually presents as acute, progressive pain that increases with motion and eventually leads to the inability to bear weight. The most common presenting features include joint pain, swelling, and fever. Pediatric cases are often associated with bacteremia. Gonococcal arthritis is migratory and associated with dermatitis and tenosynovitis. Optimal positioning of the joint to avoid future contractures is essential, and joint aspiration should be done as soon as possible. IV antibiotics should be given only after aspiration unless the patient is septic, in which case antibiotics should not be delayed. Orthopedic consultation is mandatory in cases of septic arthritis. In documented gonococcal arthritis with no suspicion for other concomitant infection, nonsurgical treatment may be considered if there is complete symptom resolution with IV antibiotics and joint aspiration.
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Lambert, Heather. Primary vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy. Edited by Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0355_update_001.

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Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) describes the flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract when the ureterovesical junction fails to perform as a one-way valve. Most commonly, VUR is primary, though it can be secondary to bladder outflow obstruction and can occur in several multiorgan congenital disorders. There is good evidence of a genetic basis with a greatly increased risk of VUR in children with a family history of VUR. VUR is a congenital disorder, which largely shows improvement or complete resolution with age. Fetal VUR may be associated with parenchymal developmental defects (dysplasia). Postnatally non-infected, non-obstructed VUR does not appear to have a detrimental effect on the kidneys. However there is an association of VUR with urinary tract infection and acquired renal parenchymal defects (scarring). The parenchymal abnormalities detected on imaging, often termed reflux nephropathy, may be as a result of reflux-associated dysplasia or acquired renal scarring or both. It is difficult to distinguish between the two on routine imaging. Higher grades of VUR are associated with more severe reflux nephropathy. The precise role of VUR in pyelonephritis and scarring is not clear and it may be that VUR simply increases the risk of acute pyelonephritis. Whilst most VUR resolves during childhood, it is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infection and burden of acute disease. Investigation strategies vary considerably, related to uncertainties about the natural history of the condition and the effectiveness of various interventions. The long-term prognosis is chiefly related to the morbidity of reflux nephropathy leading in some cases to impairment of glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, proteinuria, and pregnancy-related conditions including hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and recurrent urinary tract infection. Management is controversial and ranges from simple observation with or without provision of rapid access to diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections; to long-term prophylactic antibiotics or various antireflux surgical procedures.
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Rodríguez-Iturbe, Bernardo, and Mark Haas. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0077_update_001.

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Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a complication of Streptococcal infections that is responsible for classic acute nephritic syndrome, mostly seen in children. This is an acute nephritis associated with prominent fluid retention and oedema, hypertension and haematuria. Serum complement levels are diagnostically helpful as C3 levels are characteristically very low. However, many cases are much less severe and may pass unrecognized, only being identified by screening for dipstick haematuria. In children recovery is the rule but in adults, often with comorbid conditions, the prognosis is significantly worse. Management centres on loop diuretics plus treatment of the infection if still present, and additional hypotensive agents if required. Severe cases may require dialysis. High-dose corticosteroids have often been given in severe crescentic disease but there is no evidence that they are effective. In children, recovery of renal function is often excellent, though long-term studies now suggest that it may represent a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. When it occurs in developed societies it is often in older patients with comorbid conditions and atypical presentations. Resolution may be less complete than in children.
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Chronic Care for Neglected Infectious Diseases: Leprosy/Hansen's Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Trachoma, and Chagas Disease. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275122501.

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In 2016, PAHO's Directing Council, through Resolution CD55.R9, approved the “Plan of Action for Elimination of Neglected Infectious Diseases (NID) and Post-Elimination Actions, 2016-2022.” This Resolution urges Member States to implement a set of interventions to reduce the burden of disease by NID in the Americas by 2022, including “…support promotion of treatment, rehabilitation, and related support services through an approach focused on integrated morbidity management and disability prevention for individuals and families afflicted by those neglected infectious diseases that cause disability and generate stigma.” NIDs can have devastating chronic sequelae for patients, such as disability, visible change or loss in body structure, loss of tissue, and impairment of proper tissue and organ function, among others. All of these can in turn lead to unjustified discrimination, stigmatization, mental health problems, and partial or total incapacity to work, perpetuating the vicious cycle of neglected diseases as both a consequence and a cause of poverty. Patients with chronic conditions caused by NIDs require proper health care in order to prevent further damage and improve their living and social conditions. This should be provided at the primary health care level, as patients suffering from NIDs are often unable to travel to or afford to pay for specialized care services. Care for patients suffering from chronic morbidity caused by NID should be integrated into care for other chronic conditions caused by non-communicable diseases. This manual provides a framework for morbidity management and disability prevention of patients affected by NIDs and gives specific guidance for the proper care of patients suffering from chronic conditions caused by lymphatic filariasis, leprosy, trachoma, and Chagas disease. It is intended to be used mainly by health care workers at the primary health care level, but health workers at more complex and specialized levels may also find it useful.
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Integrated Management Strategy for Arboviral Disease Prevention and Control in the Americas. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275120491.

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In recent years, conditions in the Region of the Americas have been highly favorable for the introduction and spread of arthropod-borne viral infections (arboviral diseases). Although dengue has been circulating for over 400 years, the number of cases reported since the year 2000 represents an unprecedented increase, with four serotypes in circulation. Since that year, 19.6 million cases of dengue have been reported to PAHO/WHO, including more than 800,000 severe cases and over 10,000 deaths. In 2015 and 2016 alone, more than 4.8 million cases were reported, 17,000 of them severe, resulting in 2,000 deaths. Despite a 23% reduction in the dengue case-fatality rate in the last six years (from 0.069% to 0.053%), the continued risk of severe disease and even death poses a serious public health problem in the Americas. Today, arboviruses present an extremely complex and unstable epidemiological situation, given the simultaneous epidemic circulation of three arboviral diseases and the risk that others could become epidemics, for example, Mayaro fever. Countries are aware that this complex situation can only be addressed with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. The development of IMS-arbovirus is part of a history of technical cooperation between PAHO/WHO and the countries and territories of the Americas. It is based on the lessons learned during the development and implementation of national IMS-dengue programs in recent years. This history of cooperation is not new. It dates back to October 1947, with the adoption of Resolution CD1.R1 during the first Directing Council of PAHO. This resolution stated that the solution to the problem of urban yellow fever would be the eradication of Ae. aegypti in the entire hemisphere. The success of that campaign was demonstrated in 1962, with the eradication of this vector in 18 countries in the Region and several Caribbean islands.
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Book chapters on the topic "Resolution of infection"

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DeLeo, Frank R. "Neutrophils in the Resolution of Infection." In National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 305–10. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-512-5_32.

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Aliberti, Julio. "Resolution of Inflammation During Toxoplasma gondii Infection." In Control of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Infectious Diseases, 1–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0484-2_1.

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Pereira, Pedro Matos, Caron Jacobs, and Joe Grove. "Investigating Hepatitis C Virus Infection Using Super-Resolution Microscopy." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 247–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8976-8_17.

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Derzelle, Sylviane. "Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Discrimination Using High-Resolution Melting Analysis for the Genotyping of Bacillus anthracis." In Veterinary Infection Biology: Molecular Diagnostics and High-Throughput Strategies, 361–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2004-4_26.

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Schreiber, Robert D. "Validation of a Role for Endogenously Produced IFNγ in Resolution of Listeria Monocytogenes Infection in Mice." In Host Defenses and Immunomodulation to Intracellular Pathogens, 185–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5421-6_18.

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Meltzer, M. S., and H. E. Gendelman. "Cytokine and viral gene expression during infection of monocytes by the human immunodeficiency virus: central role of interferons in the promotion and resolution of virus infection." In Mononuclear Phagocytes, 540–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8070-0_72.

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Groth, M. L., and M. S. Niederman. "Assessment of Resolution of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia." In Infectious Diseases in Critical Care, 456–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34406-3_43.

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Lanford, Robert E. "Innate Signatures of Immune Mediated Resolution and Persistence of Hepatitis C Virus Infections." In Immunologic Signatures of Rejection, 127–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7219-4_9.

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Sonda, L. Paul, Stephen Wang, James Ellis, Pat Kielczewski, and Sharon Fleenor. "Resolution of Bacteriuria in Infectious Stone Patients: Comparison of Results Employing Newer Treatment Modalities." In Shock Wave Lithotripsy, 147–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1977-2_28.

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Meduri, G. Umberto. "The Bidirectional Effect of Inflammation on Bacterial Growth: A New Insight into the Role of Glucocorticoids in the Resolution of Severe Infections." In Evolving Concepts in Sepsis and Septic Shock, 111–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1581-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Resolution of infection"

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Bonfield, Tracey L., Craig Hodges, James Chmiel, and Mitchell Drumm. "PPARGamma And Inflammation/Infection Resolution In Cystic Fibrosis." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5735.

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Franke, Jonas, and Gunter Menz. "Detection of fungal infection in wheat with high-resolution multispectral data." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Wei Gao and Susan L. Ustin. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.680913.

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Thatcher, T. H., P. F. Duffney, A. K. Embong, L. Martinez-Sobrido, S. Sethi, K. R. Maddipati, K. V. Honn, and P. J. Sime. "Cigarette Smoking Impairs Resolution of Inflammation Which Contributes to Susceptibility to Lung Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4003.

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Patel, M., J. M. Chowdhury, M. Zheng, O. Abramian, S. Verga, H. Zhao, N. Patlakh, et al. "High Resolution CHEST CT(HRCT) Evaluation in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2641.

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Moiseeva, Yulia, Olga Larionova, Onega Ulianova, Sergey Zaitsev, Yury Saltykov Saltykov, Tatiana Polyanina, Anna Lyapina, et al. "Application of laser scanning speckle-microscopy for high-resolution express diagnostics of chlamydial infection." In Saratov Fall Meeting 2017: Fifth International Symposium on Optics and Biophotonics: Optical Technologies in Biophysics & Medicine XIX, edited by Valery V. Tuchin, Dmitry E. Postnov, Elina A. Genina, and Vladimir L. Derbov. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2314703.

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Sang, Yu, Jinguang Sun, Simiao Wang, Heng Qi, and Keqiu Li. "Super-Resolution and Infection Edge Detection Co-Guided Learning for Covid-19 Ct Segmentation." In ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414327.

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Ehlting, C., M. Gaestel, T. Luedde, and JG Bode. "MAPKAPK 2 and 3 promote viral replication and resolution of intrahepatic myeloid-cell aggregates upon CMV infection." In 37. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722082.

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Poona, Nitesh K., and Riyad Ismail. "Discriminating the occurrence of pitch canker infection in Pinus radiata forests using high spatial resolution QuickBird data and artificial neural networks." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6350698.

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Krylov, Dmitrii Viacheslavovich. "Modern problems of implementing the strategies of the legal policy of the Russian Federation in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-96461.

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The article is devoted to the problems of the legal policy of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. One of the most serious problems associated with the levels of implementation of legal policy was the actual absence of conceptual strategies of legal policy, since during the period under review, legal policy was implemented not at the traditional conceptual level, but at the situational level. At the same time, the consequence of the legal, including law enforcement, policy that has developed in these conditions has been not only the emergence and development of various conflict situations, but also the resolution of legal problems.
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Lu, Lin, Robert S. Dembzynski, Mark J. Mondrinos, David Wootton, Peter I. Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "Manufacturing System Development for Fabrication of Bone Scaffold." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80937.

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Musculoskeletal conditions are a major health concern in United States because of a large aging population and increased occurrence of sport-related injuries. The need for bone substitutes is especially important. Traditional treatments of bone-defect have many of limitations. Bone tissue engineering may offer a less painful alternative to traditional bone grafts with lower risk of infection. This research integrates biomimetic modeling, solid freeform fabrication (SFF), systems and control, and tissue engineering in one intelligent system for structured, highly porous biomaterials, which will be applied to bone scaffolds. Currently a new SFF-based fabrication system has been developed, which uses a pressurized extrusion to print highly biocompatible and water soluble sucrose bone scaffold porogens. To date, this system can build simple bone structures. In parallel we are utilizing a commercial rapid prototyping (RP) machine to fabricate thermoplastic porogens of various designs to determine the feasibility of injecting a highly viscous scaffold material into porogens. Materials which have been successfully used to make scaffolds by injection include calcium phosphate cement (CPC), molten poly-caprolactone (PCL), 90/10 and 80/20 (v/v %) composite of PCL and calcium phosphate (CaPO4,). Results presented for the injection method include characterization of attainable feature resolution of the RP machine, as well as preliminary cell-biomaterial interaction data demonstrating biocompatibility of CPC scaffolds. The preliminary results using a commercial rapid prototyping machine have demonstrated that the indirect porogen technique can improve 2–4 folds the resolution of SFF system in fabricating bone scaffolds. The resultant scaffolds demonstrate that the defined porous structures will be suitable for tissue engineering applications.
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Reports on the topic "Resolution of infection"

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Evidence Update for Clinicians: Narrow- versus Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/eu5.2018.10.

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Comparing Narrow- vs. Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children. The choice of antibiotic to treat acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infections in children can affect both symptom resolution and the risk of side effects such as diarrhea and vomiting. The findings of a PCORI-funded study published in JAMA can help clinicians treating children for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs)—including acute otitis media, Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and acute sinusitis—make decisions with parents about the medicine that is best for the child. The study, led by Jeffrey Gerber, a pediatrician and researcher at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, included 30,086 children ages 6 months to 12 years taking narrow- and broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat ARTIs.
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