Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Résolution de problèmes ouverts'
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Louis, Natacha. "Vivre une démarche de résolution de problèmes par la pensée design : une étude de cas." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42386.
Full textDuroux, Hélène. "Enseignement des problèmes ouverts en mathématiques et sentiment d’efficacité des enseignants au cycle 2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0220.
Full textBased on the difficulties experienced by French pupils in mathematics in national (CEDRE, CP-CE1 national assessments) and international (TIMSS, PISA) surveys, this study proposes a reflection on the teaching of open problems in primary school and on teachers' self-efficacy (noted SEP).There are three objectives. The first is to take stock of how open problems are taught in primary school. The second is to identify and understand the nature of the difficulties encountered by teachers, from the preparation to the implementation of open problems in the classroom. The final objective is to examine the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy and their declared open problems solving practices.To address our research hypotheses, we used a questionnaire (N=280) to measure teachers' self-efficacy in teaching mathematics (SEPEm) and in teaching open problems (SEPEpo), and to report on their declared practices in open problems. We also relied on filmed observation, over the course of a school year, of the actual practices of 6 teachers, representing 17 sequences, or 43 sessions observed in total. Each sequence was followed by self-confrontation interviews.Analysis of the data collected revealed wide disparities in open problems practices (e.g. frequency of open problems sessions, choice of integrating this teaching into the mathematics curriculum, objectives pursued, presence and content of the institutionalisation phase). It also highlights certain invariants in the practice of open problems (e.g. not building a progression in open problems, starting the session with a reading and explanation of the statements, proposing a collective correction, keeping the problem statements, the correct solutions and one or more representations enabling the problems to be solved at the end of the session, or not proposing an assessment) and in the difficulties encountered. In addition, links were found between certain aspects of teaching practices in open problems and teachers’ self-efficacy in this area
Fritsch, Jean-François. "Propagation des ondes dans les guides partiellement enfouis : résolution du problème direct et imagerie par méthode de type échantillonnage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAE001.
Full textThis work is about the non destructive testing of partially buried or immersed slendered structures such as a steel cable partially buried in concrete or a steel plate partially immersed in liquid sodium. Such structures can be seen as the junction of two closed waveguides. In order to perform computing, the open part of the structure is truncated in the transverse direction with PMLs. As a result, a partially buried waveguide can be treated as the junction of two closed waveguides, in one of which the propagation of waves is governed by an equation involving complex coefficients due to the presence of the PMLs. This observation has lead us to tackle first the simpler case of the junction of two closed acoustic waveguides. For this simple case, we have proposed a strategy to solve the inverse problems based on the one hand on the introduction of the so-called reference fields, which are the total field response of the structure without defects to an incident field coming frome both half-guides, and on the other hand on the use of the reciprocity of the Green function of the structure without defect. Following this strategy, we have obtained an efficient modal formulation of the LSM which has enabled us to retrieve defects. In this simple case, we have taken advantage of the completeness of the modes to analyze the forward and inverse problems. The loss of the completeness of the modes in the half-guide truncated in the transverse direction with PMLs has led us to study the forward problem with Kondratiev theory. The tools introduced for the junction of two closed waveguides have been adapted to solve the inverse problem. Finally, we have tackled the more complex, but more realsitic case of an elastic waveguide partially immersed in a fluid. For this difficult case, we have developped adapted computing tools adapted and extended the tools introduced before solving the inverse problem
Mugnier, Laurent. "Problèmes inverses en Haute Résolution Angulaire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654835.
Full textZanga, Aldo. "L'apprentissage implicite en résolution de problèmes." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081441.
Full textThis work is located at the crosspoint of two problematics: rule inducing and problem solving. Implicit learning has been widely studied in rule inducing, but never really in problem solving. Solving a problem, is to start from an initial state for reaching a final state through a space search. In many problems, this process involves rule inducing. We assume that reaching the goal requires a planification of moves that obscures the rule inducing mecanism. For studying this two process, we adopted the chinese ring puzzle (pac) which contains an initial and a final states, a space search and rules governing the moves. In the two first experiments, we have insured on the possibility of rule inducing and their verbalization (experiment 1), on understanding and use of that rule (experiment 2) for both adults and children. The third experiment demonstrates that adults, when planification is not required, performed better the task when they see how to reach the goal, than when they don't perceive it. On the other hand, whenever the planification of moves is required, the knowledge of the goal obscures rule inducing (experiment 4) because it is necessary to define other subgoals for reaching the main one. We demonstrate that learning and verbalization are dissociated; indeed we discovered a great difference between performance and related verbalizations (experiment 5). Finally, last experiment demonstrates that when the task is semantically perceived through the links that bind objets; the more the problem involves semantic links, the easyer are problem solving and related verbalizations
Djellit, Ali. "Valeurs propres de problèmes elliptiques indéfinis sur des ouverts non bornés." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30072.
Full textCasado-Diaz, Juan. "Homogénéisation de problèmes de Dirichlet non linéaires dans des ouverts perforés." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA06A001.
Full textAntonio, Julien. "Les problèmes de placement : étude et résolution de quelques problèmes réels." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Antonio.Julien.SMA9702.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to characterize real life cutting stock( or packing) problems and to provide efficient methods for a large spectrum of industrial problems. Usually, the packing problem consists in assigning a subset of out put bars to a subset of input bars to minimize the number of input bars used. Since our concern is to solve industrial problems, we have been obliged to take into account a large number of contraints and criteria. To face this complex situation, two types of approaches have been introduced, that is : building methods, used in the case of criteria which are not precisely defined ; in this case, we propose some parameters which can influence the characteristics of the solutions. These methods are close to the way of thinking of the users. The dynamic programming oriented methods (DPO), which are put at work when the various criterion values can be combined into a unique cost. The developed methods are set up successfully in the factories of our industrial partner. The DPO methods are particularly efficient (8% saving on ours examples) for solving problems with several real-life criteria
Abdelmoula, Amine. "Résolution de problèmes inverses en géodésie physique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990849.
Full textFabbri, Jean. "Problèmes elliptiques non linéaires singuliers au bord dans des ouverts non réguliers." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4013.
Full textHajji, Mohamed El. "Homogénéisation de problèmes linéaires de diffusion et d'élasticité dans des ouverts perforés." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES038.
Full textVinot, Marina. "Résolution conjointe de problèmes d'ordonnancement et de routage." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC043/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on modelling and resolution of integrated scheduling and routing problems. Efficient resolutions of these problems required a proper coordination of activities/production operation, defined by starting and finishing times, and of transport operations, fully defined by starting times, finishing times and quantities of resources transferred.The resolution of this problem is based on several metaheuristics, with the aim to obtain high quality solutions in acceptable computational time. Three problems are iteratively studied considering: 1) a single machine scheduling problem and a transportation problem with a single vehicle; 2) a single machine scheduling problem with a homogeneous fleet of vehicles for the transport; 3) a RCPSP where the flow transferred between activities is transported by a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles.The first problem addressed is the PTSP (Production and Transportation Scheduling Problem - PTSP) where the routing part is devoted to a single vehicle (Geismar et al., 2008). The chapter 2 focuses on a GRASP×ELS method benchmarked with the best published methods. This method is extended to the PTSP with multiple vehicles in the chapter 3, and the method shows its capacity to address a wide range of problem, since the PTSP with a single vehicle is a special case. The second problem deals with the RCPSP, where a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles is devoted to the transportation of resources, between activities. The objective consists in considering a flow (activity exchanges solved at a strategic level), to compute a transportation plan. The main difficulties consists in using the flow to compute transport batches. A heuristic-based approach is introduced in the chapter 4 and an exact method is provided in the chapter 5
Letournel, Marc. "Approches duales dans la résolution de problèmes stochastiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00938751.
Full textRachelson, Emmanuel. "Problèmes décisionnels de Markov temporels : formalisation et résolution." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESAE0014.
Full textAlleon, Guillaume. "Résolution de grands problèmes d'électromagnétisme sur calculateurs parallèles." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066572.
Full textMartinez, David. "Résolution interactive de problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0005.
Full textPorcheron, Jean-Louis. "Production d'inférences dans la résolution de problèmes additifs." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081494.
Full textIN THIS THESIS WE WANT TO DEFEND THE IDEA THAT, BY TRYING TO UNDERSTAND A PROBLEM STATEMENT, THE PUPIL (AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL) MUST PRODUCE INFERENCES WHICH ARE COMPOSED AT ONE HAND OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT QUANTIFIABLE CHARACTERISTICS AND OBIECTS OR CONCEPTS TO WHICH THEY APPLY AND, AT THE OTHER HAND, OF TRYING TO DETERMINE THESE CHARACTERISTICS SPECIFICALLY THROUGT VALUES WHEN THEY ARE NOT SO IN THE PROBLEM STATEMENT. SEVERAL WAYS OF PRODUCING THESE INFERENCES HAVE BEEN STUDIED : - IMAGINATION OF THE SITUATION DESCRIBED IN THE PROBLEM STATEMENT ( WITHOUT ANY QUESTIONS ); - REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATION OF A NUMERICAL DATA OR OF THE VALUE OF THE RESULT OF A CALCULATION - CALCULATION AT THE READER'S, INITIATIVE AND ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE RESULT; - INDIRECT PRUNING THROUSH RISING A QUESTION ON THE QUANTIFICATION OF ANOTHER QUANTITY; - EXPLICIT QUESTION. THE METHODOLOGY WE USED MOSTLY CONSISTS IN COMPARING THE INFERENCES PRODUCED IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS. OUR UNALYSIS IS BASED ON THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN A CHARACTERISTIC DETERMINED BY A MESURE, DETERMINED BY A CALCULATION FORMULA OR DEFINED IN GENERIC TERM without ANY POSSIBILITY TO IMMEDIATELY ATTRIBUTE A VALUE TO IT. IN COMBINATION PROBLEMS, THE RESULTS OF OUT STUDY SHOW THAT SUCH A CHARACTERISTIC MAY NOT BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE UNKWOWN PART WHEN A QUESTION ABOUT ITS QUANTIFICATION IS NOT PUT. A REFLECTION IS OPEN ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE QUESTION IN SIMPLE OR MULTI STEPS PROBLEMS AND ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY TO PRODUCE INFERENCES AFTER A PRIMING OF ARITHMETIC OPERATION WHEN READINS A PROBLEM STATEMENT
Berger, Sébastien. "Résolution de problèmes déficitaire, désespoir et idéations suicidaires." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4971/1/000648941.pdf.
Full textBelaïd, Rabah. "Résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement survenant dans l'industrie capillaire." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4029.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis addresses the minimization of production costs in an industry ofshowers and hair products. In this industry, the production process consists in two successive steps : themaking of cosmetic products and the intermediate storage of these latter. Production costs are mainlyrelated to cleaning operations of the making and the storage resources. These cleaning operations must beperformed in the sequence of two different batches of cosmetic product because of their different physical(color, viscosity, ...) and chemical (chemical contents,..) characteristics.This problem is decomposed into two sub-problems. The first one is the optimization of intermediatestorage. The shop is made up of parallel storage tanks of various capacities. These storage tanks haveto temporarily store the batches. Solving this problem is equivalent to calculating the assignment of thebatches on the storage tanks and their starting date of transfer. The objective is to minimize the numberof cleaning operations of the storage tanks.The second sub-problem is the optimization of the making process of the batches. The shop gathersseveral making units arranged in parallel. Each making unit consists in multiple mixing machines organizedin hybrid flowshop. To solve this problem, we have to calculate an assignment of the batches on the makingunits and their schedule on the mixing machines. The objective is to minimize the number of cleaningoperations.We propose to solve the sub-problem of optimization of the intermediate storage first, and then solvethe sub-problem of the optimization of the making process. We propose and experiment several heuristics(greedy, ant colonies, truncated tree methods, dedicated methods) for solving each sub-problem. The bestsolution methods are designed to be integrated into a software production planning
Boukebab, Kaouthar. "Etude et résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement d'opérations d'évacuation." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4023/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis, which is a part of the Franco-German project DSS_Evac_Logistic, aims at proposing methods to calculate macroscopic evacuation plans for mid-size towns after a tremendous disaster. Two evacuation problems have been tackled in this thesis : the bus evacuation problem and bus-and-vehicle evacuation problem. The bus evacuation problem aims at calculating an evacuation plan to relocate evacuees outside the endangered area. In this thesis, we consider three versions of the bus evacuation problem. The first one is a monocriterion problem, where the objective is to minimize the maximum evacuation time. In order to guarantee the safety of evacuees, we have considered a bicriteria problem, which is a generalization of the monocriterion version, in which we take into consideration the risk exposure of the evacuees. Consequently, the bicriteria problem is solved by minimizing the total evacuation time and the risk. The third version is a bicriteria robust version because most of the planning data is subject to uncertainty. The goal is to minimize both the evacuation time and the vulnerability of the schedule that is subject to different evacuation circumstances. To solve all the versions of the bus evacuation problem, we have developed exact solutions based on mathematical formulation to address small instances and heuristic solutions to deal with larger instances
Bougeret, Marin. "Systèmes interactifs pour la résolution de problèmes complexes." Grenoble, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00543195.
Full textThis thesis focuses on algorithm-expert interaction for solving hard problems. Several definitions of an « expert » are possible. Our work concerns interactions with an oracle (rather than human) expert, as we are looking for theoretical performance guarantee. Thus, we are interested in tradeoffs between performance, cost (typically running time), and length of information provided by the oracle. The first objective of this thesis is to understand what is the related work and the common oracle techniques in different domains (distributed and online computing, complexity, combinatorial optimization). The second objective is centered on combinatorial optimization, and more precisely on scheduling and packing problems. We aim at showing how this interactive setting is helpful for the design of approximation algorithms, and of course to provide new results on scheduling and packing problems using these techniques. We mainly focused on two problems: the discrete Resource Sharing Scheduling Problem (dRSSP) and the Multiple Strip Packing (MSP). The dRSSP comes from the community of hybridation of algorithms. Given a set of algorithms (often called a portfolio), a fixed amount of resources (processors for example), and a (finite) benchmark of instances to solve, the goal is to distribute the resources among the processors to minimize the cost for solving the whole benchmark, using a « space sharing » model for running the algorithms in parallel. We studied the impact of different questions to ask to the oracle, and how to communicate « efficiently » (meaning that the oracle answer is short) with the oracle, leading to several approximation schemes. MSP, which is an extension of the well-known strip packing problem, consists in packing rectangles into a fixed number of strips, minimizing the height of the packing. We provided approximation schemes/algorithms for different variants of MSP where strips have equal/different widths, and where rectangles must be packed continuously or not (corresponding then to scheduling parallel jobs). It turns out that interactive techniques point out the difficulty of the problems, and are helpful to study problems in a different way
Palaude, Axel. "Stratégies pour la résolution de problèmes : un modèle de classification de comportements de résolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0381.
Full textLearning regulation is the set of skills that facilitate learning. This includes motivational and emotional skills, as well as meta-cognition skills, such as monitoring goals and strategies. Learning situations are present in every-day life, and mostly take the form of open problems, problems for which there is an unknown solution or method to achieve them. Open problem solving requires learning unknown elements, which requires regulation skills. Understanding the strategies used by learners to solve open-ended problems allows us to better understand the regulation processes and therefore the learning process. Regulatory processes can be influenced and trained, and this understanding of the processes could lead, to better-suited teaching methods. This thesis presents a model representing the learning process of a learner confronted with an open problem, as well as a method allowing, based on external observations of actions carried out by learners, to group problem-solving sequences depending on the strategies used. The analysis methods use clustering algorithms, which using dynamic time warping as a measure of similarity between problem-solving sequences. This dynamic time warping measure is applied to symbolic data, which can be compared through the use of proper metrics. In the context of small datasets, a metaclustering method is presented for robustness purposes. Two case studies use the method defined here to show the potential uses of such a method but also to discuss its limitations. The first, CreaCube, is the study of a creative problem-solving task, in which we try to understand the processes of creativity. Second, Outer Wilds tries to extend the analysis to long problems
Grigoroscuta-Strugaru, Magdalena. "Contribution à la résolution numérique des problèmes de Helmholtz." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473486.
Full textSaadi, Toufik. "Résolution séquentielles et parallèles des problèmes de découpe / placement." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354737.
Full textDupays, Aurore. "Apprentissage en résolution de problèmes : influence du mode d'instruction." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718869.
Full textBolduc, Marie-Claude. "Heuristiques pour la résolution de problèmes complexes de distribution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25495/25495.pdf.
Full textNowadays, optimizing transportation activities implies making decisions about many activities at the same time. This doctoral dissertation focuses on complex distribution problems, specifically tour optimization taking the factory's production calendar and the customers' demand calendars into account. The manufacturing network studied is composed of a factory, a distribution center (DC) and a set of customers. Depending on the context, the customers may be final users or retailers. The deliveries are made with a private limited fleet of homogenous vehicles owned by the network, supplemented, when it is necessary, by common carriers. To solve this problem many decisions must be made, such as determining the quantities to deliver; choosing the type of vehicles to use and their routing; deciding how to manage the DC inventory, which is supplied according to the production calendar; and establishing the delivery dates with respect to the demand calendars. Given the number of decisions that need to be made, this complex problem was divided into three main research themes, each one devoted to a part of the problem. These main themes are 1) multi-period routing in a production/distribution network, 2) vehicle routing with a private heterogeneous limited fleet and a common carrier, and 3) vehicle routing with split deliveries and production and demand calendars. The idea was to develop methods that could be reused in future projects. The first main theme concentrates on route planning and scheduling given a production calendar that governs inventory availability and demand calendars that impose delivery of the requested quantities of each product at the latest dates possible. These planning and scheduling decisions are made more complex by the availability of only a limited private fleet of heterogeneous vehicles for deliveries and by the distance of some customers which necessitates the use of multi-period routes. Heuristics for round trip transportation and routing with few customers were developed. The second theme focuses on a mono-period, mono-product vehicle routing problem in which the total capacity of the private limited fleet is insufficient to allow deliveries to all the customers. In this context, a common carrier is needed to supplement the transportation capacity. For each customer, a decision first has to be made as to whether the delivery will be made by the private vehicles or the common carrier. Then, for the deliveries by the private fleet, the type of vehicle and the routing must be determined. To solve this problem, a fast heuristic and a more complicated metaheuristic were developed. The third theme examines a split vehicle routing problem with production and demand calendars. In this context, inventory availability depends on the production calendar, and the customers impose the product quantities and the latest possible delivery dates via their demand calendars. For deliveries, both a limited private fleet of homogeneous vehicles and a common carrier are available. To solve this problem, first the delivery dates and the product quantities must be determined, and then the type of vehicle and the routes must be determined. To this end, a complex metaheuristic, using a tabu search algorithm, was conceived. The research for this dissertation led to four scientific papers. Three of these papers have been published, and the fourth is currently submitted for publication.
Benhmida, Abir. "Méthodes arborescentes pour la résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement flexible." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462548.
Full textDel, Moral Pierre. "Résolution particulaire des problèmes d'estimation et d'optimisation non-linéaires." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30075.
Full textBencheikh, Ghizlane. "Problèmes de transport : modélisation et résolution par les métaheuristiques." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0022.
Full textIn this thesis, we have considered two different scheduling problems : Scheduling Aircraft Landing and Professional Staff Transportation Problem. For the aircraft landing problem, we have proposed a mathematical formulation of the problem and a job shop formulation of the problem. Three resolution methods are given. The first one is a hybrid method combining Genetic Algorithm and Ant colony Optimization. The Second method is a combination of a genetic algorithm and tabu search. The last resolution method consisted to apply ant colony algorithm combined with a local search heuristic, this algorithm deal with the dynamic case where there is a cancellation of a flight or a runway closure. The Professional Staff Transportation Problem consists to build the routing of a limited fleet of vehicles in charge of transporting the staff of one or several companies (on their demand). The goal is to minimize the total cost of transport, and maximising the level of service offered to users. The quality of service is expressed in our work in terms of waiting time and ride time of users. After we have shown a mathematical formulation, we gave a resolution method of the problem based on ant colony optimization. Finally, we solved the problem by two population metaheuristics, namely, ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm. The ant colony algorithm is based on the "cluster first/rout second" method. Before presenting experimental results of the two algorithms, we have fixed their parameters by a factorial experimental design
Rozencwajg, Paulette. "Stratégies de résolution de problèmes scolaires et différences individuelles." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H004.
Full textThis thesis aims to account for the inter- and intra-individual variability of problem solving strategies of academic problems, using general cognitive dimensions. The theoretical and methodological framework is located in the intersection of cognitive psychology, differential psychology and didactics of discplines. Strategies of 42 secondary school students are observed in several situations of two domains of specific knowledge : respiration and electricity. The cognitive dimensions are : numerical, verbal and spatial factors, g factor, the field dependance independance, reflexivity-impulsivity and metacognition (two indicators created for the thesis). Establishing relations between strategies and the dimensions, we discovered what we call problem solving styles. In particular, this relation can be quantified by eta (correlation ratio) ranging between. 43 and. 79. Five problem solving styles emerge in the domain of electricity : analogical, propositional, misconceptual, algebraic and calculatory. Four problem solving styles emerge in the domain of respiration : formalizing, mathematical sophistication, holistic and calculatory. The concept of problem solving styles appears to us as a necessary concept that is intermediary between cognitive styles (very general modalities of functioning) on one hand, and problem solving strategies (specific to one type of problem) on the other hand. To conclude, we discuss, first the stability of problem solving styles above and beyond problems and domains of knowledge, and second the sensitivity of problem
Dang, Duc-Cuong. "Méthodes d'extraction pour la résolution de problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1985.
Full textIn this thesis, we focused on the development of heuristic solutions for solving NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems. Our main idea is to exploit substructures of the problems for which the resolution is polynomial. We introduced a new resolution approach, called extraction method. Based this method and on a dominance property of saturated tours, we proposed two effective algorithms for solving the Team Orienteering Problem (TOP). Using the same principle, we proposed an advanced hybrid metaheuristic for the Maximum Clique Problem. We have also shown the effectiveness of the developed methods such as destruction/ construction heuristic with an industrial application. The application consists of optimizing the process of organizing water meter readings during the transition to the automatic reading technology
Santoni, Williams Alexius. "Apprentissage par mémorisation d'expériences dans la résolution des problèmes." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD160.
Full textHemon, Alain. "Contribution à la résolution de problèmes de l'hydrodynamique navale." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066544.
Full textDequen, Gilles. "Approches spécialisées pour la résolution de problèmes combinatoires fondamentaux." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0012.
Full textBordeaux, Lucas. "Résolution de problèmes combinatoires modélisés par des contraintes quantifiées." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2032.
Full textPetit, Thierry. "Modélisation et algorithmes de résolution de problèmes sur-contraints." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20129.
Full textSaadi, Toufik. "Résolution séquentielle et parallèle des problèmes de découpe-placement." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010047.
Full textBen, Hmida Abir. "Méthodes arborescentes pour la résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement flexible." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000318/.
Full textNowadays, the flexible scheduling problems drew attention of researchers in the field of operational research. These problems introduce an additional difficulty due to the fact that an operation can be carried out by one or several machines to be chosen among other candidates. The objective is to assign and to sequence the operations on the resources so that the total duration of the schedule is minimized. In this study, we offer to solve three flexible problems: the hybrid flow shop on several stages, the two-stage hybrid flow shop, and the flexible job shop problem, by using tree methods based on discrepancies. An exhaustive experimental study proved the efficiency of the different approaches developed for considered problems
Thevenot, Catherine. "La résolution de problèmes arithmétiques : l'apport des modèles mentaux." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOL020.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new model of additive problems solving which refers to Mental Models theory (Johnson-Laird, 1983 ; 1993 ; Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991). To determine the structure of the representations build to solve an arithmetic problem, it requires to found the exact moment when the computations are made. The use of a new paradigm in a series of three experiments shows that the structure of the representation is similar to the structure of the situation described by the text of the problem. This similarity between the structure of the representation and the structure of the represented object suggest that a mental model is build by children and by adults to solve the problem. Two experiments tested this hypothesis. The first experiment show that the text of a problem with a temporal dimension is process sequentially. The second experiment shows that the representations do not conserve the linguistic characteristics of the text but simply the relations described within the text. These results are in accordance with the predictions derived from the Mental Model theory. The main contribution of our model is to propose a new classification of the problems according to the number of alternative models that must be construct to solve the problems
Ballage, Marion. "Algorithmes de résolution rapide de problèmes mécaniques sur GPU." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30122/document.
Full textGenerating a conformal mesh on complex geometries leads to important model size of structural finite element simulations. The meshing time is directly linked to the geometry complexity and can contribute significantly to the total turnaround time. Graphics processing units (GPUs) are highly parallel programmable processors, delivering real performance gains on computationally complex, large problems. GPUs are used to implement a new finite element method on a Cartesian mesh. A Cartesian mesh is well adapted to the parallelism needed by GPUs and reduces the meshing time to almost zero. The novel method relies on the finite element method and the extended finite element formulation. The extended finite element method was introduced in the field of fracture mechanics. It consists in enriching the basis functions to take care of the geometry and the interface. This method doesn't need a conformal mesh to represent cracks and avoids refining during their propagation. Our method is based on the extended finite element method, with a geometry implicitly defined, wich allows for a good approximation of the geometry and boundary conditions without a conformal mesh.To represent the model on a Cartesian grid, we use a level set representing a density. This density is greater than 0.5 inside the domain and less than 0.5 outside. It takes 0.5 on the boundary. A new integration technique is proposed, adapted to the geometrical representation. For the element cut by the levet set, only the part full of material has to be integrated. The Gauss quadrature is no longer adapted. We introduce a quadrature method with integration points on a cartesian dense grid.In order to reduce the computational effort, a learning approach is then considered to form the elementary stiffness matrices as function of density values on the vertices of the elements. This learning method reduces the stiffness matrices time computation. Results obtained after analysis by finite element method or the novel finite element method can have important storage size, dependant of the model complexity and the resolution scheme exactitude. Due to the limited direct memory of graphics processing units, the data results are compressed. We compress the model and the element finite results with a wavelet transform. The compression will help for storage issue and also for data visualization
Terzi, Sergio. "Gestion du Cycle de Vie des Produits: Définitions, Problèmes Ouverts et Modèles de Référence." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009559.
Full textLa gestion intégrée de toute information relative au produit et à sa production est une des questions majeure de l'industrie. Une des réponses à cette question, actuellement d'actualité, concerne un paradigme naissant, défini par le vocable de Gestion du Cycle de Vie des Produits (PLM : Product Life Cycle Management). Dans ce contexte, l'une des problématiques concerne la traçabilité des produits tout au long de leur cycle de vie qui induit ainsi une nécessaire interopérabilité de l'information ainsi que des efforts de standardisation. Afin d'assurer ces échanges d'information, notre contribution, basés sur la situation actuelle des systèmes d'information d'entreprise (qui manipulent l'information sur les produits), doit aboutir à la définition d'une vue holonique d'un modèle conceptuel orienté produit d'un système de production, formalisant la structure du système d'information associé aux données de traçabilité des produits.
Kauffmann, Robert. "Contribution à l'étude de quelques problèmes sur des ouverts ondulés et des plaques perforées." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Kauffman.Robert.SMZ9448.pdf.
Full textAt the beginning of the first part, we consider the thermal stationnary equation upon three corrugated opens, with a constant thickness e and a constant medium radius of the corrogatings R: corrogated sheet iron T, tin and section of this lasts. We study the limit of the temperature when e, then R tend to O. In each case the limit is one and is solution of a differential equation of the second order. The inversion of the limits is realised. Regarding the elasticity problem upon T, the shell theory obliges us to choose a straight section more regular. Then, the displacement converges, when e tend to O, to a function which is defined in one manner and solution of a differential equation of the fourth order. Then, when R tend to O, the displacement converges to O. The initial displacement converges also to O, with e being constant. In the second part, we consider the linearized elasticity equations upon a rectangular plate, perforated with square section holes which are distributed in a periodic fashion and supposed horizontal. The study of the displacement's limit when the thickness tend to O, leads us to differentiate two cases, functions of the elasticity coefficients of the materials. Then in each one, we study the limit of displacement when the period of the holes, and then the parameter which caracterises the distance between two holes tend to O. In the first case, the three limits exist in a single manner and are solutions of differential equations of the second order : case of membranes. In the second one, the three limits still exist in one single manner, but they are solutions of differential equations of the second order for the horizontal components, and of the fourth order for the vertical component : case of thin plates
Sabouroux, Pierre. "Résolution de problèmes directs et inverses en électromagnétisme. Approche expérimentale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358355.
Full text- des champs électromagnétiques diffractés ou rayonnés
- des caractéristiques électromagnétiques de matériaux
dans le domaine des hyperfréquences
Murea, Cornel Marius. "Couplage d'équations et résolution numérique des problèmes d'interaction fluide-structure." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167976.
Full textLe fil directeur de mes travaux est de prendre comme ``contrôle'' une partie des conditions aux limites à l'interface et ``d'observer'' si les conditions de couplage sont vérifiées. En traitant l'observation par la méthode de moindres carrés, on obtient des problèmes de type contrôle optimal. Dans le chapitre 1, on prouve que la fonction coût est semi-continue inférieurement et en conséquence, on peut démontrer l'existence d'un contrôle optimal. On prouve la différentiabilité de la fonction coût, et on donne la forme analytique du gradient dans le chapitre 2. On présente également des résultats numériques. Dans le chapitre 3 on étudie la sensibilité du problème et on donne la forme analytique du gradient sans faire appel à l'état adjoint. Des résultats numériques sont obtenus. Dans le chapitre 4, pour résoudre le problème du fluide, on prescrit la composante normale de la vitesse du fluide et la composante normale des forces de surface. C'est une formulation rarement utilisée pour résoudre les équations de Stokes. On cherche à minimiser la composante tangentielle de la vitesse du fluide à l'interface. On prouve que le problème fluide est bien défini et on présente des résultats numériques. Dans le chapitre 5, on introduit un algorithm où on doit résoudre à chaque pas de temps un problème de minimisation. C'est un algorithme bien adapté notamment quand le fluid est pulsatif. On présente des résultats numériques pour des pas de temps relativement grand.
Un résultat de convergence concernant un algorithme pour des maillages dynamiques est présenté dans le chapitre 6. Dans les chapitres 7 et 8, on veut déterminer numériquement l'évolution d'un domaine bidimensionnel avec application au développement cellulaire. L'écoulement du fluide dans le domaine en mouvement dépend de la tension de surface à la frontière libre. Cette tension est proportionnelle à la courbure de la frontière. Les algorithmes employés sont de type ``front-tracking''. Des résultats numériques sont présentés.
Ha, Minh Hoang. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes généralisés de tournées de véhicules." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782375.
Full textRadford, Luis. "Sur la résolution de problèmes dans la classe de mathématiques." Institut franco-ontarien Université Laurentienne, 1996. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/223.
Full textLasalle, Francis. "Une métaheuristique de résolution de problèmes stochastiques de localisation-transport." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26159/26159.pdf.
Full textThis thesis studies a Stochastic Location-Transportation Problem (SLTP) characterized by multiple transportation options, multiple demand periods and a stochastic stationary demand. We consider the determination of the number and location of the depots required to satisfy a set of customer’s demands, and the mission of these depots in terms of the subset of customers they must supply. The problem is formulated as a stochastic program with recourse, and a hierarchical heuristic solution approach is proposed. It incorporates a Tabu search procedure, an approximate route length formula, and a modified Clarke and Wright procedure. Three neighbourhood exploration strategies are proposed and compared with extensive experiments based on realistic problems.
Thomas-Moinet, Mireille. "Descriptions non cartésiennes et résolution de problèmes géométriques sous contraintes." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1100.
Full textThis thesis an effective method to describe and solve in a declarative way geometrical problems defined by constraints. This method of description is omnipresent in CAD to define the shape of objects. To do it, we relied on works already realized in this domain, especially using non-Cartesian approaches. The first chapter makes the synthesis of the state of the art in declarative modelling of a geometric object. The second chapter deals with the chosen modelling : a non-cartesian approach based on a certain metric tensor perturbation. A format equation and an original resolution method are detailed as well as the algorithms implemented. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the prototype developed. The third chapter proposes to enrich the previous approach using multivectors. New specifications for the user are available and in return, new types of equations must be a generated. Numerical applications of this multi-vectoriel modelling are done. Finally, in the last chapter, it is proposed to extend the tensor model to a model based on geometric algebra. This new tool and a solution allowing to represent objects and constraints with this language, are presented
Darses, Françoise. "Gestion des contraintes dans la résolution de problèmes de conception." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080840.
Full textMany cognitive processes involved in design activity are now well-known : top-down planning, opportunistic process, artefact representation changes within an abstraction hierarchy, schemata evocation and analogical solution reuse. Constraint management is also a crucial process in design, but its role and the way that it is brought into play must be further investigated. This PhD dissertation studies the mental representations which are attributed to the constraints and the way they are implemented. An experimental investigation in the domain of computer network design has stressed that it is worth to formalize the constraints as a relationship between the parameters of the artefact. It has been pointed out that 2 3 of the protocol variables are involved in constraints. Designers essentially use two different types of constraints: (i) constraints which come from the initial problem specifications and generate structural or physical parameters of the artefact (around 40% of the whole constraints set); (ii) constraints which link structural or physical parameters of the artefact together (around 25% of the whole constraints set). It appears that constraints are organized in networks, whose complexity is rarely beyond ten arcs. These networks are almost all organized as convergent beams, arising from various initial specifications and ending at a physical specification of the solution. It is also pointed out that constraint satisfaction is usually realized as soon as the constraint is formulated. The choice of the constraint value is done in many different ways: (i) the constraint domain is reduced beforehand through the use of implicit constraints bounded to the considered constraint. .
Emad, Petiton Nahid. "Contribution à la résolution de grands problèmes de valeurs propres." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066174.
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