Journal articles: 'Resistance training prescription'

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Adamu, Abdu A., Muktar A. Gadanya, Rabiu I. Jalo, Olalekan A. Uthman, and Charles S. Wiysonge. "Factors influencing non-prescription sales of antibiotics among patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Kano, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 7 (June 12, 2020): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa052.

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Abstract Patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) increase access to antibiotics through non-prescription sales in their drug retail outlets. This fosters irrational antibiotic use among people, thus contributing to the growing burden of resistance. Although training programmes on antibiotic use and resistance exist, they have disproportionately targeted health workers in hospital settings. It’s unclear if there is a relationship between such trainings and non-prescription sales of antibiotics among PPMVs which are more embedded in communities. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to elicit the determinants of non-prescription antibiotic sales among PPMVs in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Through brainstorming, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were used to illustrate the dynamics of factors that are responsible for non-prescription antibiotic sales. Multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription antibiotic sales, after controlling for potential confounders. We found that two-third (66.70%) of the PPMVs reported that they have sold non-prescribed antibiotics. A total of three CLDs were constructed to illustrate the complex dynamics of the factors that are related to non-prescription antibiotic sales. After controlling for all factors, PPMVs who reported that they had never received any training on antibiotic use and resistance were twice as more likely to sell antibiotic without prescription compared with those who reported that they have ever received such training (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.27–3.37). This finding suggests that there is an association between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription sales of antibiotics. However, the complex dynamics of the factors should not be ignored as it can have implications for the development of intervention programmes. Multifaceted and multicomponent intervention packages (incorporating trainings on antibiotic use and resistance) that account for the inherent complexity within the system are likely to be more effective for this setting.

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Hass, Christopher J., Matthew S. Feigenbaum, and Barry A. Franklin. "Prescription of Resistance Training for Healthy Populations." Sports Medicine 31, no. 14 (2001): 953–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131140-00001.

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KRAEMER, WILLIAM J., and NICHOLAS A. RATAMESS. "Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, no. 4 (April 2004): 674–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61.

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FEIGENBAUM, MATTHEW S., and MICHAEL L. POLLOCK. "Prescription of resistance training for health and disease." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, no. 1 (January 1999): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199901000-00008.

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Kraemer, William J., and Steven J. Fleck. "Resistance Training: Exercise Prescription (Part 4 of 4)." Physician and Sportsmedicine 16, no. 6 (June 1988): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1988.11709528.

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Kraemer, William J., Andrew C. Fry, Peter N. Frykman, Brian Conroy, and Jay Hoffman. "Resistance Training and Youth." Pediatric Exercise Science 1, no. 4 (November 1989): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.1.4.336.

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The use of resistance training for children has increased in popularity and interest. It appears that children are capable of voluntary strength gains. Exercise prescription in younger populations is critical and requires certain program variables to be altered from adult perspectives. Individualization is vital, as the rate of physiological maturation has an impact on the adaptations that occur. The major difference in programs for children is the use of lighter loads (i.e., > 6 RM loads). It appears that longer duration programs (i.e., 10-20 wks) are better for observing training adaptations. This may be due to the fact that it takes more exercise to stimulate adaptational mechanisms related to strength performance beyond that of normal growth rates. The risk of injury appears low during participation in a resistance training program, and this risk is minimized with proper supervision and instruction. Furthermore, with the incidence of injury in youth sports, participation in a resistance training program may provide a protective advantage in one’s preparation for sports participation.

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Bray, Nick W., Rowan R. Smart, Jennifer M. Jakobi, and Gareth R. Jones. "Exercise prescription to reverse frailty." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 10 (October 2016): 1112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0226.

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Frailty is a clinical geriatric syndrome caused by physiological deficits across multiple systems. These deficits make it challenging to sustain homeostasis required for the demands of everyday life. Exercise is likely the best therapy to reverse frailty status. Literature to date suggests that pre-frail older adults, those with 1–2 deficits on the Cardiovascular Health Study-Frailty Phenotype (CHS-frailty phenotype), should exercise 2–3 times a week, for 45–60 min. Aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and balance training components should be incorporated but resistance and balance activities should be emphasized. On the other hand, frail (CHS-frailty phenotype ≥ 3 physical deficits) older adults should exercise 3 times per week, for 30–45 min for each session with an emphasis on aerobic training. During aerobic, balance, and flexibility training, both frail and pre-frail older adults should work at an intensity equivalent to a rating of perceived exertion of 3–4 (“somewhat hard”) on the Borg CR10 scale. Resistance-training intensity should be based on a percentage of 1-repetition estimated maximum (1RM). Program onset should occur at 55% of 1RM (endurance) and progress to higher intensities of 80% of 1RM (strength) to maximize functional gains. Exercise is the medicine to reverse or mitigate frailty, preserve quality of life, and restore independent functioning in older adults at risk of frailty.

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Xu, Rixiang, Tingyu Mu, Wang Jian, Caiming Xu, and Jing Shi. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Prescription Practice on Antimicrobials Use Among Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 58 (January 2021): 004695802110599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580211059984.

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Over-prescription of antimicrobials for patients is a major driver of bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prescription practices regarding antimicrobials among physicians in the Zhejiang province in China, and identify the determining factors. A total of 600 physicians in public county hospitals and township health institutions were surveyed cross-sectionally using a structured electronic questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 580 physicians and the response rate was 96.67%. The mean score of 11 terms related to antimicrobial knowledge was 6.81, and an average of 32.1% of patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) were prescribed antimicrobials. Multivariate analysis indicated that young general practitioners with less training are more likely to contribute to more frequent antimicrobial prescriptions ( P < .05). In contrast, older physicians with more training are more willing to provide patients with the correct knowledge regarding antimicrobials and less likely to prescribe antimicrobials for URTIs. Correlation analysis showed that the level of physician's knowledge, attitude, and prescription practice is related ( P < .05). In conclusion, proper prescription of antimicrobials depends on adequate knowledge and regular training programs for physicians.

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Braith, Randy W., and Darren T. Beck. "Resistance exercise: training adaptations and developing a safe exercise prescription." Heart Failure Reviews 13, no. 1 (October 12, 2007): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10741-007-9055-9.

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Wackerhage, Henning, and Brad J. Schoenfeld. "Personalized, Evidence-Informed Training Plans and Exercise Prescriptions for Performance, Fitness and Health." Sports Medicine 51, no. 9 (June 18, 2021): 1805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01495-w.

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AbstractA training plan, or an exercise prescription, is the point where we translate sport and exercise science into practice. As in medicine, good practice requires writing a training plan or prescribing an exercise programme based on the best current scientific evidence. A key issue, however, is that a training plan or exercise prescription is typically a mix of many interacting interventions (e.g. exercises and nutritional recommendations) that additionally change over time due to periodisation or tapering. Thus, it is virtually impossible to base a complex long-term training plan fully on scientific evidence. We, therefore, speak of evidence-informed training plans and exercise prescriptions to highlight that only some of the underlying decisions are made using an evidence-based decision approach. Another challenge is that the adaptation to a given, e.g. endurance or resistance training programme is often highly variable. Until biomarkers for trainability are identified, we must therefore continue to test athletes, clients, or patients, and monitor training variables via a training log to determine whether an individual sufficiently responds to a training intervention or else re-plan. Based on these ideas, we propose a subjective, pragmatic six-step approach that details how to write a training plan or exercise prescription that is partially based on scientific evidence. Finally, we advocate an athlete, client and patient-centered approach whereby an individual’s needs and abilities are the main consideration behind all decision-making. This implies that sometimes the most effective form of training is eschewed if the athlete, client or patient has other wishes.

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Williams, Gavin, and Linda Denehy. "Clinical education alone is sufficient to increase resistance training exercise prescription." PLOS ONE 14, no. 2 (February 27, 2019): e0212168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212168.

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Fairman, Ciaran M., Michael C. Zourdos, Eric R. Helms, and Brian C. Focht. "A Scientific Rationale to Improve Resistance Training Prescription in Exercise Oncology." Sports Medicine 47, no. 8 (January 10, 2017): 1457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0673-7.

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Pontes Neto, Genésio Ferreira, and Mauro Fernando Lima Da Silva. "Main prerequisites adopted in the determination and control of load for resistance training: an integrative review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 9 (July 17, 2022): e51311932292. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.32292.

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The regular practice of resistance training is directly related to lean mass gains, strength, physical conditioning, quality of life and others. For such gains to occur, an evaluation and prescription process is necessary. The objective of this research was to verify the general prerequisites and criteria used during the process of determining the load control in resistance training, common to this modality of physical intervention. Studies were researched in Science Direct, PUBMED and IBCS, published from 2017 to 2022. After analyzing the selected works, the present study brings a synthesis of information about the variables involved in the prescription referring to load control for RT, adapting the manipulation of the variables involved in the resistance training session, which may interfere. At the end of the analysis of the selected works, it is possible to relate the main criteria related to load control in TR, it is clear the benefits and safety in training for strength, resistance and lean mass gains, among others.

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Lyristakis, Philip M., Daniel W. T. Wundersitz, Emma K. Zadow, George Mnatzaganian, and Brett A. Gordon. "The influence of considering individual resistance training variables as a whole on muscle strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): e0262674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262674.

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Examinations of the effect of resistance training (RT) on muscle strength have attempted to determine differences between prescriptions, mostly examining individual training variables. The broad interaction of variables does not appear to be completely considered, nor has a dose-response function been determined. This registered (doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EH94V) systematic review with meta-analysis aims to determine if the interaction of individual training variables to derive RT dose, dosing, and dosage can influence muscle strength and determine if an optimal prescription range exists for developing muscle strength. To derive RT dose, the following calculation will be implemented: number of sets × number of repetitions × number of exercises × exercise intensity, while RT dosing factors in frequency and RT dosage considers program duration. A keyword search strategy utilising interchangeable terms for population (adult), intervention (resistance training), and outcomes (strength) will be conducted across three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus). Novel to the field of exercise prescription, an analytical approach to determine the dose-response function for continuous outcomes will be used. The pooled standardised mean differences for muscle strength will be estimated using DerSimonian and Laird random effects method. Linear and non-linear dose-response relationships will be estimated by fitting fixed effects and random effects models using the one-stage approach to evaluate if there is a relationship between exercise dose, dosing and dosage and the effect on muscle strength. Maximised log-likelihood and the Akaike Information Criteria will be used to compare alternative best fitting models. Meta regressions will investigate between-study variances and a funnel plot and Egger’s test will assess publication bias. The results from this study will identify if an optimal prescription range for dose, dosing and dosage exists to develop muscle strength.

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Lavin, Kaleen M., Brandon M. Roberts, Christopher S. Fry, Tatiana Moro, Blake B. Rasmussen, and Marcas M. Bamman. "The Importance of Resistance Exercise Training to Combat Neuromuscular Aging." Physiology 34, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00044.2018.

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Older adults undergoing age-related decrements in muscle health can benefit substantially from resistance exercise training, a potent stimulus for whole muscle and myofiber hypertrophy, neuromuscular performance gains, and improved functional mobility. With the use of advancing technologies, research continues to elucidate the mechanisms of and heterogeneity in adaptations to resistance exercise training beyond differences in exercise prescription. This review highlights the current knowledge in these areas and emphasizes knowledge gaps that require future attention of the field.

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Kraemer, Willian J., Steven J. Fleck, and Mike Deschenes. "EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY CORNER: A Review: Factors in exercise prescription of resistance training." National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal 10, no. 5 (1988): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1988)010<0036:arfiep>2.3.co;2.

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Byrd, Bryant R., Jamie Keith, Shawn M. Keeling, Ryan M. Weatherwax, Paul B. Nolan, Joyce S. Ramos, and Lance C. Dalleck. "Personalized Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances Training Responsiveness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122088.

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This study sought to determine if personalized moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective at improving comprehensive training responsiveness than MICT alone. Apparently healthy, but physically inactive men and women (n = 54) were randomized to a non-exercise control group or one of two 13-week exercise training groups: (1) a personalized MICT + HIIT aerobic and resistance training program based on the American Council on Exercise guidelines, or (2) a standardized MICT aerobic and resistance training program designed according to current American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Mean changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and Metabolic (MetS) z-score in the personalized MICT + HIIT group were more favorable (p < 0.05) when compared to both the standardized MICT and control groups. Additionally, on the individual level, there were positive improvements in VO2max (Δ > 4.9%) and MetS z-score (Δ ≤ −0.48) in 100% (16/16) of participants in the personalized MICT + HIIT group. In the present study, a personalized exercise prescription combining MICT + HIIT in conjunction with resistance training elicited greater improvements in VO2max, MetS z-score reductions, and diminished inter-individual variation in VO2max and cardiometabolic training responses when compared to standardized MICT.

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Chalusa, Morris, Felix Khuluza, and Chiwoza Bandawe. "Determinants of clinician and patient to prescription of antimicrobials: Case of Mulanje, Southern Malawi." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): e0001274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001274.

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Background Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem in low- and middle-income countries. The problem is exacerbated by inappropriate prescription of antimicrobials. Factors that lead to overuse or inappropriate prescription of antimicrobials by the cadre of medical assistants, clinical technicians and clinical officers have received limited attention. This study investigated factors that influence prescription behaviours of antimicrobials among clinical officers in various health facilities in Mulanje district, Southern Malawi. Methods Qualitative study design exploring determinants of antimicrobial prescription from May to October, 2019, was used. In-depth interviews (n = 18) and focus group discussions (n = 2) were conducted with medical assistant (MA), clinical technicians and clinical officers (CO) from four health facilities in Mulanje district. COs are licensed medical practitioners with an initial three-year training and one-year internship while MAs are licensed medical practitioners with initial two-year training and one year internship. Purposive sampling was done to arrive at a sample size of 30 health cadres. Results Participants pointed out that patient preferences, beliefs and clinicians’ inadequate education on this issue were among the factors that contribute to inappropriate antimicrobial prescription. 75% of clinicians showed lack of knowledge on the definition of antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is facilitated by prescription decisions made by clinicians who are greatly influenced by their patients. Interventions aimed at improving antimicrobial prescription should target both clinicians and patients.

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Pranata, Raymond, Emir Yonas, Bambang B. Siswanto, and Budhi S. Purwowiyoto. "Exercise training in heart failure: role, prescription and program." Indonesian Journal of Cardiology 38, no. 4 (August 19, 2018): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v38i4.788.

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Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is a final pathway of various cardiac pathologies. Exercise intolerance and dyspnea accompanied by deteriorating quality of life are common issues in those suffering from heart failure and may persist despite optimal medical therapy. Exercise training in heart failure theoretically helps to slow down the deterioration of the heart by antagonizing excess neurohormonal activity in heart failure, which translated into better functional capacity and quality of life. Exercise prescription is a mean of assessing and interpreting clinical information and applying the principles of training to develop an appropriate regimen and should be tailored to patient’s clinical condition. Resistance training improves peak VO2, exercise capacity and quality of life in heart failure patients. Both continuous and interval exercise training are linked to better quality of life despite ambiguous results in mortality. The aim of this article is to discuss the benefits of exercise in patients with congestive heart failure, exercise prescription, and exercise program including high-intensity interval training, continuous training and resistance exercise. Abstrak Gagal jantung adalah salah satu penyakit kardiovaskular yang paling sering ditemui dan merupakan akhir daripada banyak jenis patologi jantung. Intoleransi olahraga dan sesak nafas disertai dengan memburuknya kualitas hidup merupakan beberapa masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh pasien gagal jantung, meskipun telah diberikan pengobatan yang optimal. Latihan olahraga pada gagal jantung secara teoritis dapat memperlambat menurunnya fungsi jantung dengan melawan aktivitas neurohormonal yang meningkat pada kondisi gagal jantung yang dicerminkan dengan kapasitas fungsional dan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. Preskripsi olahraga meliputi pemeriksaan dan interpretasi dari informasi klinis dan aplikasi dari prinsip latihan untuk membentuk regimen yang sesuai dan harus di sesuaikan dengan keadaan klinis pasien. Latihan beban memperbaiki fungsi VO2 puncak, kapasitas olahraga dan kualitas hidup pada pasien dengan gagal jantung. Kedua metode olahraga baik secara kontinu ataupun interval dihubungkan dengan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik meskipun masih ambigu dalam hal mortalitas. Tujuan artikel ini adalah membahas manfaat latihan fisik pada pasien dengan gagal jantung kongestif, cara peresepan serta membahas program high intensity interval training, continuous training serta latihan beban.

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Helms, Eric R., Kedric Kwan, Colby A. Sousa, John B. Cronin, Adam G. Storey, and Michael C. Zourdos. "Methods for Regulating and Monitoring Resistance Training." Journal of Human Kinetics 74, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0011.

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Abstract Individualisation can improve resistance training prescription. This is accomplished via monitoring or autoregulating training. Autoregulation adjusts variables at an individualised pace per performance, readiness, or recovery. Many autoregulation and monitoring methods exist; therefore, this review’s objective was to examine approaches intended to optimise adaptation. Up to July 2019, PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and CINAHL were searched. Only studies on methods of athlete monitoring useful for resistance-training regulation, or autoregulated training methods were included. Eleven monitoring and regulation themes emerged across 90 studies. Some physiological, performance, and perceptual measures correlated strongly (r ≥ 0.68) with resistance training performance. Testosterone, cortisol, catecholamines, cell-free DNA, jump height, throwing distance, barbell velocity, isometric and dynamic peak force, maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and sessional, repetitions in reserve-(RIR) based, and post-set Borg-scale ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were strongly associated with training performance, respectively. Despite strong correlations, many physiological and performance methods are logistically restrictive or limited to lab-settings, such as blood markers, electromyography or kinetic measurements. Some practical performance tests such as jump height or throw distance may be useful, low-risk stand-ins for maximal strength tests. Performance-based individualisation of load progression, flexible training configurations, and intensity and volume modifications based on velocity and RIR-based RPE scores are practical, reliable and show preliminary utility for enhancing performance.

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Odoi, Agricola, Ronita Samuels, Craig N. Carter, and Jackie Smith. "Antibiotic prescription practices and opinions regarding antimicrobial resistance among veterinarians in Kentucky, USA." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): e0249653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249653.

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Background Inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) is a global concern. Opinions of veterinarians regarding AMU and its role in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may influence their prescription practices. It is important to understand these opinions, prescription practices and their potential impact on the development of AMR in order to guide efforts to curb the problem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial prescription practices and opinions of veterinarians in Kentucky regarding AMU and AMR. Methods This cross-sectional study used a 30-question survey questionnaire administered to veterinarians who were members of the Kentucky Veterinary Medical Association. Survey responses from 101 participants were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed and associations between categorical variables assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Firth logistic models were used to investigate predictors of “Compliance with prescription policies” and “Cost of antimicrobial affects prescription decisions”. Results Almost all (93%) respondents indicated that improper AMU contributed to selection for AMR. A total of 52% of the respondents believed that antimicrobials were appropriately prescribed, while the remaining 48% believed that antimicrobials were inappropriately prescribed. Significant predictors of compliance with prescription policies were availability of prescription policy at the veterinary facility (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.2; p<0.001) and over-prescription (OR = 0.35; p = 0.025). Similarly, significant predictors of cost of antimicrobials affecting prescription decisions were lack of post-graduate training (OR = 8.3; p = 0.008) and practice type, with large animal practices having significantly lower odds of the outcome (OR = 0.09; p = 0.004) than small animal practices. Conclusion Most veterinarians indicated that improper AMU contributed to selection for AMR. Since the odds of compliance with prescription policies were 4-times higher among veterinarians working at facilities that had prescription policies compared to those at facilities that didn’t, more veterinary facilities should be encouraged to adopt prescription policies to help improve compliance and reduce AMR. Veterinarians would also benefit from continued professional education to help improve prescription practices, antimicrobial stewardship and curb AMR.

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Thompson, Steve W., David Rogerson, Alan Ruddock, and Andrew Barnes. "The Effectiveness of Two Methods of Prescribing Load on Maximal Strength Development: A Systematic Review." Sports Medicine 50, no. 5 (December 11, 2019): 919–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01241-3.

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Abstract Background Optimal prescription of resistance exercise load (kg) is essential for the development of maximal strength. Two methods are commonly used in practice with no clear consensus on the most effective approach for the improvement of maximal strength. Objective The primary aim of this review was to compare the effectiveness of percentage 1RM (% 1RM) and repetition maximum targets (RM) as load prescription methods for the development of maximal strength. Methods Electronic database searches of MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion if a direct measure of maximal strength was used, a non-training control group was a comparator, the training intervention was > 4 weeks in duration and was replicable, and participants were defined as healthy and between the ages of 18–40. Methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Percentage change (%) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all strength-based training groups were calculated. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was reported from each study. Results Twenty-two studies comprising a total of 761 participants (585 males and 176 females) were found to meet the inclusion criteria. 12 studies were returned for % 1RM, with 10 for RM. All studies showed statistically significant improvements in maximal strength in the training groups (31.3 ± 21.9%; 95% CI 33.1–29.5%). The mean quality rating for all studies was 17.7 ± 2.3. Four studies achieved a good methodological rating, with the remainder classified as moderate. Conclusions Both % 1RM and RM are effective tools for improving maximal strength. % 1RM appears to be a better prescriptive method than RM potentially due to a more sophisticated management of residual fatigue. However, large heterogeneity was present within this data. Lower body and multi-joint exercises appear to be more appropriate for developing maximal strength. Greater consensus is required in defining optimal training prescriptions, physiological adaptations, and training status.

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Papoti, Marcelo, Adelino da Silva, Carlos Kalva-Filho, Gustavo Araujo, Vanessa Santiago, LuizEduardo Martins, Sérgio Cunha, and Claudio Gobatto. "Tethered Swimming for the Evaluation and Prescription of Resistance Training in Young Swimmers." International Journal of Sports Medicine 38, no. 02 (February 7, 2017): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-105017.

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Crowley, Emmet, Andrew J. Harrison, and Mark Lyons. "Prescription of Dry-land Resistance Training by Elite Swimming Strength and Conditioning Coaches." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (May 2018): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000538572.59938.ca.

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Faria, Waynne Ferreira de, Filipe Rodrigues Mendonça, Rui Gonçalves Marques Elias, Raphael Gonçalves de Oliveira, and Antonio Stabelini Neto. "HIIT, RESISTANCE TRAINING, AND RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, no. 6 (December 2020): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202606201837.

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ABSTRACT It has been shown that combined physical exercise is an efficient non-pharmacological approach in the context of public health, since it has demonstrated satisfactory results in the prevention, treatment and control of various morbidities. Therefore, it is essential to systematize current knowledge to enable professionals involved in the prescription of physical exercise to do so based on evidence. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of randomized clinical trials to verify changes in cardiometabolic risk factors induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) in adolescents. The systematic search was performed in the following databases: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, LILACS and Scielo. Initially 933 studies were identified, then two researchers eliminated duplications and manuscripts that did not meet the eligibility criteria. Thus, two articles were included that met these criteria: a randomized clinical trial conducted with adolescents (10 to 19 years) of both sexes, an intervention lasting for at least four weeks, which prescribed HIIT and RT in the same session or not, and evaluation of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. The results demonstrated that eight to 12 weeks of HIIT and RT without nutritional intervention were effective in significantly reducing waist circumference and body fat percentage. However, data pertinent to the efficacy of this combination on risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are controversial. In view of the above, it is ascertained from the included studies that the combination of HIIT and RT has the potential to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents; therefore, further studies should be conducted to determine the effectiveness of this prescription of physical exercise. Level of Evidence II; Systematic review of Level II or Level I Studies with discrepant results.

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Zhao, Haotian, Ruihong Cheng, Ge Song, Jin Teng, Siqin Shen, Xuancheng Fu, Yi Yan, and Chang Liu. "The Effect of Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315491.

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Resistance training is considered to be an efficient treatment for age-related sarcopenia and can improve muscle strength and quality in patients. However, there are currently no recommendations on resistance training parameters to improve muscle strength and quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and included 13 eligible RCTs. Resistance training significantly improved grip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle index in patients with age-related sarcopenia, and kettlebell was found to be the most effective modality. However, it is noteworthy that the elastic band is also a recommended form of resistance training considering that the kettlebell intervention was tested in only one study, while the elastic band was confirmed by multiple studies. Elastic band training (Hedges’s g = 0.629, 95%CI = 0.090–1.168, p < 0.05) (40–60 min per session, more than three times per week for at least 12 weeks) was the most efficient training method. Thus, resistance training can significantly improve muscle strength and muscle quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. In addition, moderate-intensity resistance training using elastic bands may be the best training prescription for elderly patients with sarcopenia.

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Garnacho-Castaño, Manuel, Raúl Domínguez, Arturo Muñoz González, Raquel Feliu-Ruano, Noemí Serra-Payá, and José Maté-Muñoz. "Exercise Prescription Using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion to Improve Fitness." International Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 02 (November 30, 2017): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-120761.

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AbstractThe present study aimed to compare two fitness-training methodologies, instability circuit resistance training (ICRT) versus traditional circuit resistance training (TCRT), applying an experimental model of exercise prescription controlling and modulating exercise load using the Borg rating of perceived exertion. Forty-four healthy young adults age (21.6±2.3 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: TCRT (n=14), ICRT (n=14) and a control group (n=16). Strength and cardiorespiratory tests were chosen to evaluate cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness before and after the training program. In cardiorespiratory data, a significant difference was observed for the time effect in VO2max, peak heart rate, peak velocity, and heart rate at anaerobic threshold intensity (p<0.05) in the experimental groups. In strength variables, a significant Group x Time interaction effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power (p≤0.01) in the back squat exercise. In the bench press exercise, a significant time effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power, and a Group x Time interaction in peak power (all p<0.05). We can conclude that applying an experimental model of exercise prescription using RPE improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy young adults in both experimental groups.

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Jacob, Carolina dos S., Gabriela K. Barbosa, Mariana P. Rodrigues, Jurandyr Pimentel Neto, Lara C. Rocha-Braga, Camilla G. de Oliveira, Marucia Chacur, and Adriano P. Ciena. "Ultrastructural and Molecular Development of the Myotendinous Junction Triggered by Stretching Prior to Resistance Exercise." Microscopy and Microanalysis 28, no. 2 (March 8, 2022): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927622000186.

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The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a highly specialized region of the locomotor apparatus. Here, we investigated the ultrastructural and molecular effects in the MTJ region after static stretching prior to the ladder-based resistance training. Thirty-two male, 60-day old Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Sedentary, Resistance Training, Stretching, and Stretching-Resistance Training. The gastrocnemius muscle was processed for transmission electron microscopy techniques and Western blot assay. We observed that the static stretching prior to the ladder-based resistance training increased the MTJ components, the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-6 protein expression. Also, we demonstrated the lower transforming growth factor expression and no difference in the lysyl oxidase expression after combined training. The MTJ alterations in response to combined training demonstrate adaptive mechanisms which can be used for the prescription or development of methods to reduce or prevent injuries in humans and promote the myotendinous interface benefit.

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Panchawagh, Suhrud, Ankita Pol, Uma Bhosale, Vasundhara Bhopale, and Ayush Bhosale. "An audit of drug utilization patterns, rationality, and cost analysis of antimicrobial medicines in a tertiary care teaching hospital in central suburban India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20223354.

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Background: Antimicrobial medicine (AMM) utilization patterns and rational drug use are important topics in today’s world wrought with AMM resistance, irrational prescription of antibiotics, and lack of proper training such as stewardship programmes for medical graduates and general practitioners. Our objective was to perform an audit of the antimicrobial drug utilization pattern, evaluate the rationality of drug use, and perform a cost analysis of these drugs.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study design was implemented. The study location was a tertiary care teaching hospital in suburban central India. Patients were recruited from the general medicine and general surgery departments.Results: Out of 189 patients, the average age was 45.714 years and 67.725% were females. A total of 595 AMMs were prescribed to 189 patients with an average of 3.148±1.578 drugs per patient. 6.5% drugs prescribed were generic, 95% prescribed were included in the national essential medicine list, and 90% of patients’ prescriptions were rational. The total expenditure on AMMs was ₹726043.610, with a median expenditure of ₹987.320.Conclusions: Drug utilization patterns vary between medicine and surgery departments. They also vary between different institutions within the same country. Creating a structured standardized training program to uniformly train healthcare professionals in conservative antibiotic prescription practices is needed. This study hopefully paves the way for future studies to target critical areas in AMM prescription and to prospectively assess the impact of a structured antibiotic stewardship program on AMM utilization patterns.

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Ribeiro, Alex S., Brad J. Schoenfeld, Mariana F. Souza, Crisieli M. Tomeleri, Analiza M. Silva, Denílson C. Teixeira, Luís B. Sardinha, and Edilson S. Cyrino. "Resistance training prescription with different load-management methods improves phase angle in older women." European Journal of Sport Science 17, no. 7 (April 10, 2017): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1310932.

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Tanveer, Aisha, Akshitha Kenchey, Zahera Mohammed, and P. K. Lakshmi. "Assessment of Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i02.009.

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Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem all over the globe. A cross sectional study in different zones of Hyderabad city was conducted with the aim of evaluating community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. A self-administered questionnaire was developed as data collection tool. Responses were recorded and scored using 5-Point Likert Scale. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages and statistical tests were used to analyse the data. Data was collected from 40 community pharmacists. Results showed that the community pharmacist had poor knowledge on antibiotics and poor antibiotic dispensing practice. About 31(78%) pharmacists never heard about the term antimicrobial resistance. Our study highlighted that there were only 15 pharmacists who considered antimicrobial resistance as a serious issue. Most of the pharmacists (n=20) agreed that antibiotics can be dispensed without prescription. Around 26 pharmacists dispense antibiotics to treat minor ailments without a prescription. The most common reason given by community pharmacists for dispensing antibiotics without prescription was, request for antibiotics by the patients. The study highlights that there is a need for the community pharmacists to update their knowledge and improve their awareness on antibiotic resistance. Short term, intensive training programs are needed to improve their knowledge and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance.

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Pérez, C. Ayán, V. Martín Sánchez, F. De Souza Teixeira, and J. A. De Paz Fernández. "Effects of a Resistance Training Program in Multiple Sclerosis Spanish Patients: A Pilot Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 16, no. 2 (May 2007): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.16.2.143.

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Context:Physical exercise is regarded as a useful tool in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Generally, physical rehabilitation have been based on the prescription of aerobic exercises, while fewer programs have been aimed at developing muscular strength.Objective:To establish whether the physical fitness of MS sufferers can be improved by a training program for developing muscular strength.Design:Before and after studySetting:University multipurpose roomParticipants:36 patients, all able to walk, belonging to the Leon Multiple Sclerosis Association.Interventions:The physical exercise programme consisted in resistance training sessions, based mainly on callisthenic, or bodyweight, exercises, during six weeks.

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Carameli, Kelley A., David P. Eisenman, Joy Blevins, Brian d'Angona, and Deborah C. Glik. "Planning for Chronic Disease Medications in Disaster: Perspectives From Patients, Physicians, Pharmacists, and Insurers." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 3 (June 2013): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.46.

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AbstractBackgroundRecent US disasters highlight the current imbalance between the high proportion of chronically ill Americans who depend on prescription medications and their lack of medication reserves for disaster preparedness. We examined barriers that Los Angeles County residents with chronic illness experience within the prescription drug procurement system to achieve recommended medication reserves.MethodsA mixed methods design included evaluation of insurance pharmacy benefits, focus group interviews with patients, and key informant interviews with physicians, pharmacists, and insurers.Results and DiscussionMost prescriptions are dispensed as 30-day units through retail pharmacies with refills available after 75% of use, leaving a monthly medication reserve of 7 days. For patients to acquire 14- to 30-day disaster medication reserves, health professionals interviewed supported 60- to 100-day dispensing units. Barriers included restrictive insurance benefits, patients’ resistance to mail order, and higher copay-ments. Physicians, pharmacists, and insurers also varied widely in their preparedness planning and collective mutual-aid plans, and most believed pharmacists had the primary responsibility for patients’ medication continuity during a disaster.ConclusionsTo strengthen prescription drug continuity in disasters, recommendations include the following: (1) creating flexible drug-dispensing policies to help patients build reserves, (2) training professionals to inform patients about disaster planning, and (3) building collaborative partnerships among system stakeholders. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:257-265)

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Soukup, Jeffrey T., and John E. Kovaleski. "A Review of the Effects of Resistance Training for Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus." Diabetes Educator 19, no. 4 (August 1993): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179301900410.

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Although the effectiveness of exercise as a treatment modality for the management of diabetes mellitus has long been recognized, a vital component of the exercise prescription has been overlooked. In addition to endurance training, resistance training may provide physiologic benefits to the individual with diabetes that, in some cases, may equal or exceed those gained through aerobic training. These benefits may include improved blood lipid profiles, increased absolute left ventricular wall contractility, decreased resting blood pressure, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, improved glycemic control, improved muscular strength and endurance, and increased bone and connective tissue strength. By utilizing a combination of aerobic and resistance training, the individual with diabetes experiences a more comprehensive exercise program that can improve most areas of health and physical fitness. In addition, having a greater number of exercise modality options may enhance exercise compliance.

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Heredia-Elvar, Juan Ramón, Juan Hernández-Lougedo, Luis Maicas-Pérez, Raúl Notario-Alonso, Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño, Pablo García-Fernández, and José Luis Maté-Muñoz. "Reproducibility and Applicability of Traditional Strength Training Prescription Recommendations." Biology 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11060851.

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Background: The aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility of a resistance training protocol in the bench press (BP) exercise, based on traditional recommendations, analysing the effect of the muscle fatigue of each set and of the whole exercise protocol. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thirty male physical education students were divided into three groups according to their relative strength ratio (RSR), and they performed a 1RM BP test (T1). In the second session (T2), which was one week after T1, the participants performed a BP exercise protocol of three sets with the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) possible to muscle failure, using a relative load corresponding to 70% 1RM determined through the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) obtained from the individual load–velocity relationship, with 2 min rests between sets. Two weeks later, a third session (T3) identical to the second session (T2) was performed. The MPV of each repetition of each set and the blood lactate level after each set were calculated, and mechanical fatigue was quantified through the velocity loss percentage of the set (% loss MPV) and in a pre-post exercise test with an individual load that could be lifted at ~1 m·s−1 of MPV. Results: The number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different (MNR for the total group of participants: set 1 = 12.50 ± 2.19 repetitions, set 2 = 6.06 ± 1.98 repetitions and set 3 = 4.20 ± 1.99 repetitions), showing high variation coefficients in each of the sets and between groups according to RSR. There were significant differences also in MPVrep Best (set 1 = 0.62 ± 0.10 m·s−1, set 2 = 0.42 ± 0.07 m·s−1, set 3 = 0.36 ± 0.10 m·s−1), which significantly reduced the % loss MPV of all sets (set 1 = 77.4%, set 2 = 64%, set 3 = 54.2%). The lactate levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) (set 1 = 4.9 mmo·L−1, set 2 = 6 mmo·L−1, set 3 = 6.5 mmo·L−1), and MPV loss at 1 m·s−1 after performing the three sets was 36% in T2 and 34% in T3, with acceptable intrasubject variability (MPV at 1 m·s−1 pre-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.09 m·s−1, CV = 9.8%; MPV at 1 m·s−1 post-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.07 m·s−1, CV = 11.7%). Conclusions: These exercise propositions are difficult to reproduce and apply. Moreover, the number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different, which makes it difficult to define and control the intensity of the exercise. Lastly, the fatigue generated in each set could have an individual response depending on the capacity of each subject to recover from the preceding maximum effort.

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O'Neil, Sean, Andrew Thomas, Ryan Pettit-Mee, Katie Pelletier, Mary Moore, Justine Thompson, Christina Barton, Rachael Nelson, and Micah Zuhl. "Exercise Prescription Techniques in Cardiac Rehabilitation Centers in Midwest States." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-7.1.8.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a primary prescribed treatment for a variety of cardiovascular disease states, including: coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure. For this reason, exercise prescription guidelines for cardiac patients have been established. However, it is unclear how these guidelines are being administered at cardiac rehabilitation centers. The purpose of this study is to assess current exercise prescription techniques at cardiac rehabilitation clinics across several Midwest states in the United States. Methods: Fifty-eight CR programs from Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Ohio were administered a questionnaire assessing clinic characteristics, aerobic and resistance exercise prescription techniques. Results: Most reported patient types were PCI, CABG, and MI. Clinical exercise physiologists were the primary exercise prescription writers (81%). Only 32% of the clinics required a clinical certification. Baseline stress tests prior to CR were performed in 33% of programs. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was the most commonly used indicator of exercise intensity, followed by heart rate reserve (HRR), and METs. Resistance exercise was practiced in 89% of CR programs. The most common intensity indicator was trial and error, and RPE. Conclusion: Results demonstrate exercise prescription variability among CR programs. This emphasizes the complexity and expertise among clinical exercise physiologists. These results also highlight the importance that academic programs place on training students across all prescription techniques, and utilization of research-based prescription guidelines published by professional organizations.

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de Costta Michuy, María los Ángeles. "#34 Evaluation of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis at tertiary level pediatric hospital in Mexico City." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 11, Supplement_1 (June 14, 2022): S11—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piac041.044.

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Abstract Background There is certainty that surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is useful in the prevention of surgical site infection. However, it should be chosen with a spectrum aimed at microorganisms that, due to the type of surgery, could cause an infection and reduce events should be prescribed at correct doses and with the minimum duration. Surgical services are in constant change, it seems that the demands on the personal physician to be in the surgery room and to attend to those worrisome needs of the patient make the responsibility for making decisions about antibiotics uncoordinated. For this reason, the prescription of antimicrobials can be perceived as a secondary task and one that is even delegated to young surgical members. The objective of this study was to describe the most frequent errors in surgical prophylaxis prescription. Method This is an analytic transverse study in a six-month period (November 2020-March2021), that includes antibiotic prescriptions on surgical departments (orthopedics, general surgery, urology, plastic surgery, neurosurgery, oncologic surgery, otorhinolaryngology). For variable analysis, a Chi-square test, odds ratio and etiological fraction among exposed will be performed. Results 423 antibiotic prescriptions were analyzed, 210 achieved inclusion criteria and 190 were indicated as surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, 118 of these have at least one error in prescription. The odds ratio for prescription errors and the indication of antibiotics as prophylaxis (Pearson chi square test 16.442 p 0.00) were 9.29 (CI 95% 2.63-32.8), etiological fraction among exposed were 89.23%. Table 1 shows surgical antibiotic prescriptions for services in descending order, although the patients were from surgery services, the prescriptions were not always made form the same service (for example anesthesiology) and the number error prescriptions to show which areas should be trained in prescribing antibiotics. The most frequent errors in the initial prescription of antibiotics that were documented corresponded to not indicating the time of administration of the antibiotic in the case of surgical prophylaxis and dosage. After applying the “Time out” strategy, the most documented error was the prolongation of antibiotic prophylaxis. The most frequently prescribed pharmacological group of antibiotics corresponded to cephalosporins. Conclusion Antimicrobial education or restriction strategies are required to correct the high percentage of errors observed in antibiotic prescriptions. Knowing this baseline state is the initial step for the formulation of antimicrobial use optimization programs that reduce adverse events, costs, and local antimicrobial resistance rates. Despite having statistically significant data between prescription errors and the indication of antibiotics as prophylaxis, the heterogeneity of the services prescribed does not make a conclusion of the probability of occurrence of the event possible, however it shows the services that need more training in the prescription of antibiotics.

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Lemmey, Andrew B. "Efficacy of progressive resistance training for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and recommendations regarding its prescription." International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 6, no. 2 (April 2011): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/ijr.11.10.

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Pollock, M. L., A. Winslow, D. Martin, and D. T. Lowenthal. "PRESCRIPTION OF RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR CARDIAC PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY ON OUTPATIENTS 489." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 28, Supplement (May 1996): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-00489.

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Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E., Kerri M. Winters-Stone, Kelcey A. Bland, and Kristin L. Campbell. "Updated systematic review of exercise studies in breast cancer survivors: attention to the principles of exercise training." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 8 (November 21, 2017): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098389.

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ObjectivesTo update our previous evaluation of the exercise interventions used in randomised controlled trials of breast cancer survivors in relation to (1) the application of the principles of exercise training in the exercise prescription; (2) the reporting of the components of the exercise prescription; and (3) the reporting of adherence of participants to the prescribed interventions.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2017.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials of at least 4 weeks of aerobic and/or resistance exercise in women diagnosed with breast cancer, reporting on physical fitness or body composition outcomes.ResultsSpecificity was appropriately applied by 84%, progression by 29%, overload by 38% and initial values by 67% of newly identified studies. Reversibility was reported by 3% anddiminishing returns by 22% of newly identified studies. No studies reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescribed intervention in the results. Reporting of reversibility has increased from 2010, but no other improvements in reporting were noted from the previous review.Summary/ConclusionNo studies of exercise in women with breast cancer attended to all principles of exercise training, or reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescription in the results. Full reporting of the exercise prescribed and completed is essential for study replication in research and translating research findings into the community, and should be prioritised in future trials.

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Carvalho, Cristiane Junqueira de, João Carlos Bouzas Marins, Carlos Gabriel de Lade, Pollyana de Rezende Castilho, Hamilton Henrique Teixeira Reis, Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim, and Luciana Moreira Lima. "AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 2 (April 2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192502175333.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical training is recommended by current guidelines as a preventive measure and as a tool to supplement pharmacological therapy in the treatment of hypertension and its pathological manifestations. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the best training prescription for blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension. Objective: To evaluate the effect, over twelve weeks, of an aerobic and resistance exercise program on blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters of patients with resistant hypertension. Methods: Eleven patients with resistant hypertension were randomly divided into two groups: resistance training and aerobic training. Blood pressure was recorded by 24-hour outpatient monitoring before and after 12-week training. The Student t-test was used to compare resistance and aerobic exercise groups, while the paired t and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze pre- and post-exercise data. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: In the group that underwent aerobic training, mean systolic, diastolic and total blood pressure readings were significantly lower over the 24 hours analyzed, dropping by 14 mmHg, 7 mmHg and 10 mmHg, respectively, and in the waking period. The resistance training group showed no significant change in blood pressure, despite the significant improvement in HDL levels. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of aerobic exercises resulted in significantly lowered blood pressure in individuals with resistant hypertension, while resistance exercises were more effective in increasing HDL. Level of evidence II, Therapeutic study.

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Westblad, Niklas, Henrik Petré, Andreas Kårström, Niklas Psilander, and Glenn Björklund. "The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073479.

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Background: The effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) on youth are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of autoregulated FRT with traditional strength training (TST) on jumping, running performance and resistance training load progression in youth athletes. Thirty youth athletes (11.8 ± 0.9 yr) were matched for peak height velocity (PHV) status and block-randomised into two groups: FRT (n = 15, PHV −0.8 ± 1.6) and TST (n = 15, PHV −0.8 ± 1.5). Twelve resistance training sessions over a six-week intervention with flywheel or barbell squats were performed using autoregulated load prescription. Squat jump (SJ); countermovement jump (CMJ); and 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprints were assessed pre- and post-intervention. The external load increased similarly for FRT and TST (z = 3.8, p = 0.06). SJ increased for both groups (p < 0.05) but running performance was unaffected (p > 0.05). Conclusions: FRT resulted in similar load progression and motor skill development in youth athletes as TST, but the perceived exertion was less. Autoregulation is a practical method for adjusting training load during FRT and should be considered as an alternative to autoregulated TST.

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Mangione, Kathleen K., and Kerstin M. Palombaro. "Exercise Prescription for a Patient 3 Months After Hip Fracture." Physical Therapy 85, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 676–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.7.676.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. Most patients with hip fracture do not return to prefracture functional status 1 year after surgery. The literature describing interventions, however, does not use classic overload and specificity principles. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of resistance training to improve functional outcomes in a patient following hip fracture. Case Description. The patient was a 68-year-old woman who had a comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of the left hip 3 months previously. She used a cane for ambulation, and her walking was limited. The patient received 16 sessions of lower-extremity strengthening exercises, aerobic training on a stationary bicycle, functional training supervised by a physical therapist, and a home stretching program. Outcome. The patient's isometric muscle force for involved hip extension, hip abduction, and knee extension improved by 86%, 138%, and 33%, respectively; walking endurance increased by 22.5%; balance improved by 400%; balance confidence increased by 41%; and self-reported ability to perform lower-extremity functional activities increased by 20%. Discussion. The authors believe that some patients can perform comprehensive exercise programs after hip fracture and that properly designed programs can affect patient outcomes beyond observed impairments.

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Nye, Caroline, Tamlin Watson, Laura Kubasiewicz, Zoe Raw, and Faith Burden. "No Prescription, No Problem! A Mixed-Methods Study of Antimicrobial Stewardship Relating to Working Equines in Drug Retail Outlets of Northern India." Antibiotics 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060295.

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) is already occurring among some equids in India. Donkeys and mules are a mobile species moving between regions and international borders, often populating areas of India where private community pharmacies, or medical stores, are the primary healthcare provider for both humans and animals. This article highlights how the capacities of drug retail outlet workers might affect their antibiotic dispensing practices, particularly in relation to donkeys and mules, in order to consider how this might impact the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on a wider scale. A mixed-methods approach was implemented using patient simulation method (n = 28), semi-structured interviews (SSIs) (n = 23), focus group discussions (FGDs) with veterinary practitioners and non-governmental organisation animal health workers (n = 2 FGDs), and participant observation. Fewer than 48 per cent of drug retail outlet workers admitted to having had any formal training in pharmaceuticals at all, while 78 per cent reported having no formal training in animal-related pharmaceuticals. Moreover, 35 per cent of all participants sold antibiotics without a prescription, unprompted and without specifically being asked for antibiotics. Of the antibiotics dispensed, only 21 per cent were correctly dispensed for the symptoms presented, and all dosages dispensed were incorrect (underdosed). Furthermore, 43 per cent of drug retail outlet workers interviewed believe that some antibiotics can be legally dispensed without a prescription. Equine owners in northern India are frequently being sold antibiotics without a prescription and, in most cases, with incorrect diagnoses, treatment choice, and dosage. A substantial gap in capacities exists amongst Drug Retail Outlet (DRO) workers, with few being sufficiently qualified or trained to dispense antibiotics to animal owners. The study highlights the need for further training of private DRO workers as well as knowledge extension and awareness training for both DRO workers and animal owners regarding antimicrobial resistance and its potential impact upon livelihoods. It also illustrates the need to identify a balance whereby greater enforcement of regulation at all levels is implemented, while at the same time maintaining sufficient access to medicine for rural populations.

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Lescure, Dominique, Janneke van der Velden, Daan Nieboer, Wilbert van Oorschot, Rob Brouwer, Natascha Huijser van Reenen, Aimée Tjon-A-Tsien, et al. "Reducing antibiotic prescribing by enhancing communication of general practitioners with their immigrant patients: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (PARCA study)." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (October 2021): e054674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054674.

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IntroductionAlthough antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in the Netherlands is comparatively low, inappropriate prescription of antibiotics is substantial, mainly for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). General practitioners (GPs) experience pressure from patients with an immigration background to prescribe antibiotics and have difficulty communicating in a culturally sensitive way. Multifaceted interventions including communication skills training for GPs are shown to be most effective in reducing antibiotic prescription. The PARCA study aims to reduce the number of antibiotic prescriptions for RTIs through implementing a culturally sensitive communication intervention for GPs and evaluate it in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).Methods and analysisA non-blinded RCT including 58 GPs (29 for each arm). The intervention consists of: (1) An E-learning with 4 modules of 10–15 min each; (2) A face-to-face training session in (intercultural) communication skills including role plays with a training actor and (3) Availability of informative patient-facing materials that use simple words (A2/B1 level) in multiple languages. The primary outcome measure is the number of dispensed antibiotic courses qualifying for RTIs in primary care, per 1000 registered patients. The secondary outcome measure is the number of all dispensed antibiotic courses, per 1000 registered patients. The intervention arm will receive the training in Autumn 2021, followed by an observation period of 6 winter months for which numbers of antibiotics will be collected for both trial arms. The GPs/practices in the control arm can attend the training after the observation period.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam (MEC-2020-0142). The results of the trial will be published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals and will be disseminated through national and international congresses. The project is funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw).Trial registration numberNL9450.

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Lopez, Pedro, Mikel Izquierdo, Regis Radaelli, Graciele Sbruzzi, Rafael Grazioli, Ronei Silveira Pinto, and Eduardo Lusa Cadore. "Effectiveness of Multimodal Training on Functional Capacity in Frail Older People: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0188.

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In this meta-analysis, we investigated the effect of resistance training (RT) alone or included in a multimodal training on physical frailty outcomes, and whether different variables of RT prescription affect these outcomes. We identified 15 relevant studies searching through MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro database. Postintervention standardized mean difference scores were computed and combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. Analyses have shown positive effects of interventions on maximum strength, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go test. Further analyses have shown significant greater effect of shorter periods on maximum strength. Regarding RT prescription, percentage of one-repetition maximum showed significant effect on physical variables, whereas RT based on rate of perceived effort presented lower effect in the Timed Up and Go test. Although multimodal training is an effective intervention to increase physical capacity, caution should be taken regarding the period and the method to control RT intensity to optimize enhancements in frail older people.

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Willis, Leslie H., Cris A. Slentz, Lori A. Bateman, A. Tamlyn Shields, Lucy W. Piner, Connie W. Bales, Joseph A. Houmard, and William E. Kraus. "Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 12 (December 15, 2012): 1831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011.

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Recent guidelines on exercise for weight loss and weight maintenance include resistance training as part of the exercise prescription. Yet few studies have compared the effects of similar amounts of aerobic and resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight adults. STRRIDE AT/RT, a randomized trial, compared aerobic training, resistance training, and a combination of the two to determine the optimal mode of exercise for obesity reduction. Participants were 119 sedentary, overweight or obese adults who were randomized to one of three 8-mo exercise protocols: 1) RT: resistance training, 2) AT: aerobic training, and 3) AT/RT: aerobic and resistance training (combination of AT and RT). Primary outcomes included total body mass, fat mass, and lean body mass. The AT and AT/RT groups reduced total body mass and fat mass more than RT ( P < 0.05), but they were not different from each other. RT and AT/RT increased lean body mass more than AT ( P < 0.05). While requiring double the time commitment, a program of combined AT and RT did not result in significantly more fat mass or body mass reductions over AT alone. Balancing time commitments against health benefits, it appears that AT is the optimal mode of exercise for reducing fat mass and body mass, while a program including RT is needed for increasing lean mass in middle-aged, overweight/obese individuals.

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Al-Yaqoubi, Weaam S., and Nadia S. Al-Maqbali. "Patterns of Prescribing Co-Amoxiclav to Children in Ibri Polyclinic, Oman." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 21, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): e72-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2021.21.01.010.

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Objectives: This study aimed to describe patterns of prescribing co-amoxiclav to children aged ≤5 years at a polyclinic in Oman and to assess level of adherence to the antibiotic prescription guidelines outlined by the Omani Ministry of Health (MOH). Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted between June and December 2017 at Ibri Polyclinic (IPC) in Ibri, Oman. A random sample of 399 children aged ≤5 years who were prescribed a suspension of co-amoxiclav over the four winter months of 2016 were included in the study. The children’s electronic medical records were reviewed to determine whether the prescription complied with MOH guidelines. Results: The majority of the children were 2–3 years old (52.4%). Overall, 73.9% of prescriptions were written by general practitioners, while 26.1% were written by specialists. Co-amoxiclav therapy was the first line of management in 90.5% of cases, regardless of category of prescriber. Culture tests were ordered in only 43 cases (10.8%), of which five (11.6%) were found to be sensitive to the prescribed co-amoxiclav. Conclusion: Unnecessary antibiotics were prescribed to many paediatric patients attending IPC. Strict enforcement of the MOH antibiotic guidelines is needed to reduce irrational or discretionary prescription of this type of antibiotic. Healthcare providers should receive additional training in evidence-based methods of prescribing antibiotics. KEYWORDS Antibiotics; Children; Co-Amoxiclav; Inappropriate Prescribing; Antibiotic Resistance; Oman.

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Alkadhimi, Akram, Omar T. Dawood, and Mohamed A. Hassali. "Dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacy in Iraq: a qualitative study." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 4 (December 12, 2020): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2095.

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Objective: This study aimed to understand the dispensing practice of antibiotics in community pharmacy in Iraq, in addition to explore the community pharmacists' perception about dispensing antibiotics without prescription. Methods: A qualitative design was conducted on community pharmacists in Baghdad, Iraq. Pharmacists were selected conveniently from different gender, age group, pharmacy type and years of experience. Face-to-face semi-structure interview was used with all the pharmacists to get in-depth understanding about their dispensing practice of antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacy. The data was coded and classified for thematic analysis. Results: This study found that dispensing of antibiotics without prescription was a common practice in community pharmacy. Pharmacists' perception towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription was associated with the medical condition, safety and efficacy of antibiotics, patients request antibiotics by name, emergency cases, regular customer, promotions from pharmaceutical companies, saving time and cost, brand medications, and poor healthcare services. In addition, there were inadequate knowledge about antibiotic resistance and lack of awareness about antibiotic stewardship leading to inappropriate dispensing practice. Conclusions: Community pharmacists have poor perception towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription. Educational interventions about antibiotics use focusing on community pharmacists are needed. This will help to optimize the practice of dispensing of antibiotics in the community. In addition, training programs about antibiotic resistance are important to enhance pharmacists' understanding about antibiotic stewardship.

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Fatima, Meral, Lubna Yousaf, Muhammad Asif Shahzad, Faisal Liaquat, Ghulam Mohammad Paracha, and Muhammad Muhammad. "Misuse of Antibiotics in Dental Practices." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163840.

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Objective: Since Mid 1990s dentistry based Antimicrobial prescription has emerged as the potential drive of Global phenomenon of Antibiotic resistance. However, an inappropriate prescription would not provide sufficient benefit yet it runs the risk of causing side effects. Thus prescribing Antibiotic drugs are dictated by defined criteria which all the dentists are urged to follow and practice to minimize the occurrence of resistance in individuals. The aim of this study was to assessment of the frequency of Prescribing Antibiotics by Dental Practitioners and its misuse leading to antibiotics resistance. Methodology: In this descriptive study, questionnaire based form was distributed among 250 dental practitioners and data was analyzed by using statistical Package for social learning(SPSS). Results: Amoxicillin is considered as most frequently prescribed drug (72.2%) followed by metronidazole and about 89.1% dentists are aware of the misuse of antibiotics and its emerging resistance in individuals. Conclusion: According to our survey most preferred Antibiotic used by Dental practitioners is Amoxicillin for orodental infections followed by Metronidazole. Surprisingly, most of the dentists agreed for training of Health Professionals to curtail the errors and prevention of emerging resistance. Keywords: Misuse, Antibiotics, Dental Practitioners ,Resistance ,Infections.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Resistance training prescription'

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