Journal articles: 'Resistance to medical opposition'

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Минеев, В., and V. Mineev. "Phenomenology As a Strategy of Resistance to the Medicalization Attitudes." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 6, no. 3 (October 12, 2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59d786d28cf7f0.57237552.

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Topicality of the issue is determined with medicalization being an important part of social, political technologies. This article is aimed to demonstrate a political background of medicalization, and respectively a potency of the philosophical-phenomenological approach as a strategy of resistance. The methods of logical analysis, etymological analysis, as well as hermeneutics are applied. This study provides with a new understanding of the nature of medicalization, thus allows to ground a conclusion that the opposition “health – disease” is distorted within the framework of the medical-political discourse, as well as to explain why an incorrect definition of health is still in use in the WHO documents.

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Kelly, Catherine, and Oliver Quick. "The legal duty of candour in healthcare: the lessons of history?" Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 70, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v70i1.232.

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Providers of health and social care in England are under a statutory duty to be open and honest with patients who suffer harm when receiving care or treatment. This ‘duty of candour’ was introduced by regulation 20 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014 and is one of 13 fundamental standards of care regulated by the Care Quality Commission (CQC). This was hailed as a landmark for openness in patient–professional relationships and as having the potential for enhancing a safety culture in healthcare. However, the decision to supplement existing ethical duties and policy initiatives encouraging openness with a statutory duty was contentious and encountered considerable medical resistance. This paper will trace the background to the legal duty, analyse its contents and consider its enforcement and potential obstacles to its effectiveness. Our analysis will foreground resistance based in practitioners’ and healthcare institutions’ fear of litigation and prosecution in the UK. However, opposition to candour emerged within the medical profession prior to the emergence of modern liability systems. This paper will argue that in order to create a culture of candour it is important to look beyond the more commonly identified professional concerns about litigation and understand these historical trends. In particular, we argue that a longer-term understanding of medical resistance to openness has important lessons for the likely effectiveness of the legal duty of candour.

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V. Canyon, Deon. "Corporate mindset, denial and resistance to change in health leaders." Leadership in Health Services 27, no. 2 (April 28, 2014): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-01-2013-0004.

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Purpose – Corporate culture is a product of managerial mindset and it consists of obscured, undisclosed and unconditionally accepted assumptions that underlie corporate behaviour. This study seeks to investigate the extent of corporate mindset since it is a causal factor in crises. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained by questionnaire from decision-making executives in hospitals, medical centres, aged care, pharmacies, dental clinics and practices in physiotherapy, chiropractic and podiatry. Findings – Organizations were judged to be in a state of medium disavowal concerning their belief that the impact of any crisis would be small. Around two thirds of participants indicated that the general mind-set of organizations contributes to effective crisis management, and that a welcoming attitude would prevail in the event of the implementation of a organization-wide, systems-wide, crisis management program. With regard to denial mechanisms or beliefs that hinder effective crisis management, two-thirds indicated inactive/passive resistance and one-third indicated active/aggressive resistance. The reasons for resistance were apathy, anti-change, and concern about cost. Originality/value – Cultural opposition to crisis preparedness varies significantly between organizations and poses a major barrier to effective crisis management. This study empowers health leaders by identifying several mindset changes that are required to create crisis-resilient health organisations.

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UPADHYAY, SHASHI BHUSHAN. "Premchand and the Moral Economy of Peasantry in Colonial North India." Modern Asian Studies 45, no. 5 (June 29, 2010): 1227–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09000055.

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AbstractThis paper argues that the concept of moral economy, formulated by E.P. Thompson and developed in Asian contexts by James Scott and Paul Greenough can be usefully employed to analyse the peasant narratives of Premchand, one of the greatest writers in Hindi-Urdu literatures. But such an application is possible only if the concept is expanded further. In Premchand's works related to peasantry we find several ideological currents. However, the idea of peasantry's own cultural resources in opposition to other social groups appears to be predominant in his later works. There is a sense of centrality of peasant culture which Premchand and some others among the Hindi literary intelligentsia came to acquire, and deployed for various purposes—against colonial regime, against the products of colonial modernity (e.g., factories, English schools, courts, medical profession), against the new urban middle classes and their culture, against urbanism as a whole and, sometimes, even against the Congress, the representative of organized nationalism. Distinct from both the everyday forms of resistance and open rebellion, Premchand visualizes a comprehensive peasant paradigm in opposition to colonialism, and urban middle-class perspectives.

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Bhuvaneshwari G and Nithya Manogaran. "Impact of Resistance Exercise On Hand Grip: An Experimental study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 20, 2020): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3818.

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Sarcopenia is a significant medical issue related with aging, characterized as loss of bulk and capacity. It is a condition portrayed by loss of skeletal bulk and quality, with a danger of antagonistic results, for example, handicap, improvement of delicacy, low quality of life and death. Its etiology is still inadequately comprehended. Opposition preparing intercession is sheltered and compelling for checking sarcopenia. Resistance exercise (RE) programs improve muscle anabolism, bulk and muscle quality. The present study aims to assess the impact of resistance exercise on hand grip among the elderly population with sarcopenia. A quasi experimental research design with non-randomized control research design was conducted among 30 elderly population in Arrakonam among which 15 were chosen for the experimental group and 15 were chosen as the control group. A purposive sampling technique was used to select samples. Structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic data and BMI and hand grip was assessed. The resistance exercises were taught to the elderly population and they were asked to perform the exercise every day for one week. After a week, the BMI and hand grip was re-assessed. The studies thus indicates that the experimental group had a reduction in the hand grip and increase in the BMI value after resistance exercise and is also an effective method to prevent further complications that can be caused due to sarcopenia.

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Choi, Woo Seok, Joowoong Park, Jin Young Brian Choi, and Jae-Suk Yang. "Stakeholders' resistance to telemedicine with focus on physicians: Utilizing the Delphi technique." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 25, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x18775853.

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Introduction Sufficient infrastructure for information and communications technology (ICT) and a well-established policy are necessary factors for smooth implementation of telemedicine. However, despite these necessary conditions being met, there are situations where telemedicine still fails to be accepted as a system due to the low receptivity of stakeholders. In this study, we analyse stakeholders' resistance to an organization's implementation of telemedicine. Focusing on the physicians' interests, we propose a strategy to minimize conflicts and improve acceptance. Methods The Delphi study involved 190 telemedicine professionals who were recommended by 485 telemedicine-related personnel in South Korea. Results Out of 190 professionals, 60% of enrolled participants completed the final questionnaires. The stakeholders were categorized into four groups: policy-making officials, physicians, patients, and industrialists. Among these, the physicians were most opposed to the adoption of telemedicine. The main causes of such opposition were found to be the lack of a medical services delivery system and the threat of disruption for primary care clinics. Very little consensus was observed among the stakeholders, except on the following points: the need for expansion of the national health insurance budget by the government, and the need for enhancement of physicians' professional autonomy to facilitate smooth agreements. Discussion Our analysis on the causes of the resistance to telemedicine, carried out with the groups mentioned above, has important implications for policy-makers deriving strategies to achieve an appropriate consensus.

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Cevese, A., R. Grasso, R. Poltronieri, and F. Schena. "Vascular resistance and arterial pressure low-frequency oscillations in the anesthetized dog." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): H7—H16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.1.h7.

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The spontaneous variability of heart rate and arterial blood pressure was investigated in chloralose-anesthetized dogs with the left iliac vascular bed mechanically uncoupled from the central circulation. Electrocardiogram, mean arterial pressure (ABP), iliac perfusion and venous pressures, and flow (FLOW) were recorded for 5 min in steady state. Autoregressive spectral and cross-spectral analyses and digital filtering were performed. The variation coefficient (VC%), calculated from the overall variance of each signal, was 5–7%, with the exception of perfusion pressure (VC% = 1%). The frequency-related percentage of total variance was distributed among three frequency bands: two were < 0.20 Hz [lower (F1) and higher (F2; low-frequency range = F1 + F2)], and one was > 0.20 Hz (respiratory, F3). F3 was not always present in RR, which, however, oscillated also in F1 and F2, although with limited amplitude; ABP showed large respiratory and low-frequency oscillations; the FLOW oscillations were in the low-frequency range. Cross-spectral analysis showed high squared coherence in the relevant frequency bands between variables in the three couples: RR-ABP, RR-FLOW, and ABP-FLOW. Changes in RR preceded changes in ABP and in FLOW by > or = 3 s, whereas FLOW was approximately in phase opposition to ABP. It was concluded that, in the chloralose-anesthetized dog, 1) arterial pressure and heart rate oscillate with frequencies corresponding to those described in conscious humans, 2) low-frequency arterial pressure oscillations are due to changes in peripheral vascular resistance, and 3) peripheral vascular resistance does not display respiratory oscillations. Furthermore it was suggested that oscillations of vasomotor tone are generated by a rhythm of central origin and that F1 and F2 oscillations may recognize a common mechanism.

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Legido-Quigley, Helena, Mishal Khan, Anna Durrance-Bagale, and Johanna Hanefeld. "Something Borrowed, Something New: A Governance and Social Construction Framework to Investigate Power Relations and Responses of Diverse Stakeholders to Policies Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance." Antibiotics 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8010003.

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While antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has rapidly ascended the political agenda in numerous high-income countries, developing effective and sustainable policy responses in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is far from straightforward, as AMR could be described as a classic ‘wicked problem’. Effective policy responses to combat AMR in LMIC will require a deeper knowledge of the policy process and its actors at all levels—global, regional and national—and their motivations for supporting or opposing policies to combat AMR. The influence of personal interests and connections between for-profit organisations—such as pharmaceutical companies and food producers—and policy actors in these settings is complex and very rarely addressed. In this paper, the authors describe the role of policy analysis focusing on social constructions, governance and power relations in soliciting a better understanding of support and opposition by key stakeholders for alternative AMR mitigation policies. Owing to the lack of conceptual frameworks on the policy process addressing AMR, we propose an approach to researching policy processes relating to AMR currently tested through our empirical programme of research in Cambodia, Pakistan, Indonesia and Tanzania. This new conceptualisation is based on theories of governance and a social construction framework and describes how the framework is being operationalised in several settings.

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González-de la Torre, Héctor, José Verdú-Soriano, María L. Quintana-Lorenzo, Miriam Berenguer-Pérez, Raquel Sarabia Lavín, and Javier Soldevilla-Ágreda. "Specialised wound care clinics in Spain: distribution and characteristics." Journal of Wound Care 29, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2020.29.12.764.

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Objective: To determine the number of specialised wound care units/clinics (SWCUs) in Spain, at present, and to describe their most important characteristics. Method: This was an observational study with a descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional, multicentre approach, where the studied population consisted of SWCUs in Spain. A specific data-collection questionnaire was designed using a modified Delphi method, consisting of four rounds, with the collaboration of 10 wound experts. The final questionnaire included 49 items distributed across four dimensions/areas with a content validity index (CVI-Total for pertinence=0.96 and CVI-Total for relevance=0.94. Results: A total of 42 SWCUs were included in the study. Most SWCUs were based in hospitals (n=15, 35.7%) or healthcare centres, covering a specific healthcare area (n=17, 40.5%). SWCU coordinators were primarily nurses (n=33, 78.6%). Staff members' professions in SWCUs included registered nurses (n=38 units, 92.7%), nursing assistants (n=8 units, 19.5%), podiatrists (n=8 units, 19.5%), vascular surgeons (n=7 units, 17%), osteopaths (n=2 units, 4.8%) and medical doctors from different specialties (n=3 units, 7.2%). For wound aetiology, the most prevalent wounds managed were diabetic foot ulcers (n=38 units, 90.5%), followed by venous leg ulcers (n=36 units, 85.7%) and arterial ischaemic ulcers (n=36 units, 85.7%). A statistically significant association was found between the number of staff members in a SWCU and the existence of resistance/opposition barriers when developing a SWCU (Chi-square test, p=0.049; Cramér's V=0.34; 34%), as well as between resistance/opposition barriers when developing a SWCU and a nurse as coordinator of a SWCU (MacNemar test, p=0.007, Cramér's V=0.35; 35%). Conclusion: The typical SWCU implemented in Spain is located in a hospital or integrated in a healthcare structure that offers coverage to a whole health area and providing services for people with hard-to-heal wounds (wound management and prevention) and health professionals (advice, consultancy and training/education). Despite the growing number of SWCUs in Spain, the future of this new organisational model is uncertain, as there can be barriers to creating them and some deficiencies, such as low staff numbers, which need to be addressed.

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Orlans, F. Barbara. "The Three Rs in Research and Education: A Long Road Ahead in the United States." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 24, no. 2 (March 1996): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299602400205.

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Attitudes toward the Three Rs concept of refinement, reduction and replacement in the United States in research and education are widely divergent. Positive responses have come from several sources, notably from four centres established to disseminate information about alternatives. Funding sources to support work in the Three Rs have proliferated. The activities of institutional oversight committees have resulted in the nationwide implementation of important refinements. In the field of education, student projects involving pain or death for sentient animals have declined, and the right of students to object to participation in animal experiments on ethical grounds has been widely established. However, there is still a long way to go. Resistance to alternatives is deep-seated within several of the scientific disciplines most closely associated with animal research. The response of the National Institutes of Health to potentially important Congressional directives on the Three Rs has been unsatisfactory. The prestigious National Association of Biology Teachers, which at first endorsed the use of alternatives in education, later rescinded this policy, because of opposition to it. An impediment to progress is the extreme polarisation of viewpoints between the biomedical community and the animal protectionists.

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Taghipour, Ali, Fatemeh Zahra Karimi, and Robab Latifnejad Roudsari. "Exploring Iranian Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Their Spouses’ Behavior towards Male Factor Infertility: A Qualitative Study." Current Women s Health Reviews 16, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573404815666191204113516.

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Background: Infertility, as a life crisis, affects women more than men, even when women are not infertile. Objective: This study was conducted aimed at exploring Iranian women’s perceptions and experiences of their husbands’ behavior towards male factor infertility. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using content analysis. A purposeful sampling method was employed and continued until data saturation for women who had referred to Milad Fertility Clinic and Health Care Centers within the time period of 2014-2015 in Mashhad, Iran, with their husbands being infertile. Thirty semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women. Conventional content analysis was employed to analyze the data. Besides, Lincoln and Guba's evaluative criteria were utilized to check the trustworthiness of the study. Results: Perceived spousal emotional distress was the main topic of the study, which consisted of two subgroups, i.e., 1- husbands’ chaotic emotions with the sub-categories, including the “feelings of inferiority and incompetence”, “isolationism in life”, “irritability and arrogance”, “pessimism and cynicism”, as well as “anxiety and aggression”, and 2- husbands’ reluctance to seek treatment, including “inattention to medical prescriptions”, “resistance to the sperm analysis test”, and “opposition to the assisted reproductive technology and adoption”. Conclusion: Male infertility can lead to marital problems and mistreatment of women. Hence, supportive and preventive measures are required to improve the conditions of such women.

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Kuldavletova, O., P. Denise, G. Quarck, M. Toupet, and H. Normand. "Vestibulo-sympathetic reflex in patients with bilateral vestibular loss." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00466.2019.

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This study assessed cardiovascular control during head-down neck flexion (HDNF) in a group of patients suffering from total bilateral idiopathic vestibular loss (BVL) for 7 ± 2 yr. Nine adult patients (age 54 ± 6 yr) with BVL were recruited. Calf blood flow (CBF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were measured with subjects’ eyes closed in two lying body positions: ventral prone (VP) and lateral (LP) on the left side. Vascular resistance (CVR) was calculated as MAP/CBF. The HDNF protocol consisted in passively changing the head position: head up (HU)–head down (HD)–HU. Measurements were taken twice at each head position. In VP CBF significantly decreased in HD (3.65 ± 0.65 mL·min−1·100 mL−1) vs. HU (4.64 ± 0.71 mL·min−1·100 mL−1) ( P < 0.002), whereas CVR in VP significantly rose in HD (31.87 ± 6.93 arbitrary units) vs. HU (25.61 ± 6.36 arbitrary units) ( P < 0.01). In LP no change in CBF or CVR was found between the two head positions. MAP and HR presented no difference between HU and HD in both body positions. Age of patients did not significantly affect the results. The decrease in CBF of the BVL patients was similar to the decrease observed with the same HDNF protocol in normal subjects. This suggests a sensory compensation for the lost vestibular inputs that could originate from the integration of inputs from trunk graviceptors and proprioceptive and cutaneous receptors. Another possibility is that the HDNF vascular effect is evoked mostly by nonlabyrinthine sensors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The so-called vestibulo-sympathetic reflex, as demonstrated by the head-down neck flexion (HDNF) protocol, is present in patients with total bilateral vestibular idiopathic loss, equally in young and old subjects. The origin of the sympathetic effect of HDNF is questioned. Moreover, the physiological significance of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex remains obscure, because it acts in opposition to the orthostatic baroreflex. It may serve to inhibit the excessively powerful baroreflex.

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Wardle, Jon L., David W. Sibbritt, and Jon Adams. "Primary care practitioner perceptions and attitudes of complementary medicine: a content analysis of free-text responses from a survey of non-metropolitan Australian general practitioners." Primary Health Care Research & Development 19, no. 03 (February 8, 2018): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423617000664.

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AimThis study examines GP perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of complementary medicine (CM), and to understand contextual factors that influence these perceptions, attitudes and knowledge.BackgroundCM use is increasing, and its influence on primary care becoming increasingly significant. Although general practitioners (GPs) often have central primary care gate-keeper roles within health systems, few studies have looked specifically at GPs’ perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of CM.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to all 1486 GPs registered as practicing in non-metropolitan areas of New South Wales. The survey included one free-text qualitative question, where respondents were invited to highlight issues associated with CM in their own words. Free-text responses were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis.FindingsIn total, 585 GPs responded to the survey (adjusted response rate 40.1%), with 152 (26.0%) filling in the free-text question. Central themes which emerged were risk as a primary concern; opposition to, resistance to and the inappropriateness of complementary therapies; struggles with complexity and ambivalent tolerance.ConclusionGPs in Australia have a wide variety of perceptions toward CM. A minority of GPs have absolute views on CM, with most GPs having numerous caveats and qualifications of individual CM. Efficacy is only one aspect of CM critically evaluated by GPs when gauging support for individual therapies – risk, alignment with medical principles and an openness to exploring new avenues of treatment where others have failed, all appear to be equally important considerations when GPs form their views around CM.

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Rutten, Lex. "Homeopathy Deserves Its Own Scientific Identity." Homœopathic Links 33, no. 01 (March 2020): 024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701660.

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AbstractScientific research, especially the randomised controlled trial, was once expected to provide recognition to homeopathy. However, the opposite happened: despite evidence that is not inferior to conventional evidence, the opposition has never been stronger. The philosopher Kuhn predicted this: scientific authorities cannot accept information that is contrary to their basic beliefs (paradigm) because their authority depends on that very paradigm. On the other hand, many patients discover that the conventional medical paradigm is incomplete and that homeopathy complements it. The problems with the present paradigm are expected to grow, especially with antimicrobial resistance1 with respect to respiratory tract infections. Homeopathy can be of great value in this respect. There is also growing awareness that there is no dichotomy between effective and not-effective medicines. The effect of a medicine is a probability depending or several variables. So far improving the homeopathic method with scientific research has been neglected. The increasing interest of conventional medicine in personalised medicine and prognostic factor research (PFR) is an excellent opportunity to redirect homeopathy research towards PFR.

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Skiperskikh, Aleksandr. "Intellectuals and political discourse of resistance (sketches of Russian culture)." Socium i vlast 2 (2020): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2020-2-80-89.

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In the article, the author shows how the government and the opposition interact in the political process. Actors representing opposition constantly produce political texts illustrating their alternative views. The existence of the opposition subject in a critical state in regards to the existing institutions of power is historically predetermined, which proves an active reflection from prominent theorists of political thought. A free dialogue of the government and the opposition is hardly possible in every single political system. In the case of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, this dialogue may be difficult. The consequences of free will for the subject of opposition can be quite severe. The author analyzes the political discourse of opposition as exemplified by the Soviet culture. The author is interested in the metaphors of opposition and their political context, which seems to be an inevitable condition and framework limiting creativity of one or another intellectual. The author studies a number of texts of the Soviet culture representatives, who used metaphors of opposition, and had a reputation of troublemakers. Such position of an intellectual generates sanctions of the repressive machine and predetermines very specific forms of presenting texts of opposition and apophasis. For convincing his own arguments, the author constantly turns to the heritage of the USSR representatives of unofficial culture in.

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Gray, Barbara. "Strong opposition: frame-based resistance to collaboration." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 14, no. 3 (May 2004): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.773.

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Bentham, Karen J. "Employer Resistance to Union Certification." Articles 57, no. 1 (July 24, 2003): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006714ar.

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Summary This study investigates the prevalence and impacts of employer resistance to union certification applications in eight Canadian jurisdictions. Employer resistance was found to be the norm, with 80 percent of employers overtly and actively opposing union certification applications. Analysis demonstrated that, depending on its form, employer opposition to union certification can impact upon both initial certification outcomes and on the probability the parties will establish and sustain a collective bargaining relationship. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that focusing only on the probability of certification success seriously underestimates the impact of employer opposition.

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Hoffmann, Peter. "Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg in the German Resistance to Hitler: Between East and West." Historical Journal 31, no. 3 (September 1988): 629–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00023529.

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Within a few months of Hitler's appointment as Reich chancellor (30 January 1933), opposition was driven underground. Illegally organized opposition was on the whole destroyed by the Gestapo (secret state police); opposition within the establishment (vice-chancellor von Papen, SA chief of staff Röhm) was suppressed in a round of murders; the rest was gradually intimidated, as in the case of the churches. The opposition surviving underground could not act effectively to change the regime. It became clear that in the Nazi police state opposition could not be effective without support from the principal non-Nazi force in the nation, the army.

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Tosic, Ozren. "Medical care for Serbian opposition leader." Lancet 342, no. 8863 (July 1993): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91299-2.

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Mal'ceva, Yuliya. "Resistance to Innovative Projects Implementation in Organizations." Scientific Research and Development. Russian Journal of Project Management 8, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6279-2019-3-21.

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The article is devoted to identifying and studying the causes of opposition to the implementation of innovative projects of various types, as well as determining methods of opposition and developing practical results based on scientific research and analysis of situations in Russian companies. For analysis, the author chose a structured interview method and interviewed 10 experts from various sectors of the economy. The minimum experience with innovative projects is 2 years, and the minimum number of projects should be equal to 3. As a result of the analysis, the reasons and ways to reduce the resistance to the implementation of innovative projects and recommendations were identified.

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Hirshman, Amy J. "“Valor, Skill, and Resistance”: Tarascan Opposition to Aztec Ambitions." General Anthropology 22, no. 2 (September 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gena.12001.

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Storey, Andy. "The ambiguity of resistance: Opposition to neoliberalism in Europe." Capital & Class 32, no. 3 (January 2008): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981680809600103.

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de Vries, Leonie Ansems, and Doerthe Rosenow. "Opposing the opposition? Binarity and complexity in political resistance." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33, no. 6 (August 10, 2015): 1118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775815596347.

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Alcadipani, Rafael, and Gazi Islam. "Modalities of opposition: Control and resistance via visual materiality." Organization 24, no. 6 (March 1, 2017): 866–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508417694962.

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This article examines how the material, and specifically visual, aspects of organizing contribute to understanding control and resistance issues in organizations. Whereas the role of visuality in workplace power relations has been acknowledged, the processes by which specific visual affordances contribute to power contests are not well understood. We argue that the diverse affordances of visual images offer opportunities for both control and resistance, where control is exerted via the normalizing and objectifying feature of visuality, while resistance draws on bricolage and juxtaposition to subvert dominant management discourses. Based on an ethnographic study of an industrial print company, we show how the diverse uses of visuality create a field for negotiating organizational tensions. We draw conclusions for the study of visual affordances as a tool for control and resistance struggles in organizations.

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Meneley, Anne. "Resistance Is Fertile!" Gastronomica 14, no. 4 (2014): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2014.14.4.69.

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This article deals with two nonviolent resistance movements in the contemporary West Bank, where the “local” itself is under constant threat of encroachment by Israeli infrastructures of control, co-option, and containment. Resistance is fertile in two ways: one, people have proposed that nonviolent resistance is the productive (fertile) way to oppose the Israeli occupation, and two, nonviolent resistance is fertile in the sense of using local resources (land, water, plants) to produce local food and drink. The first example is Taybeh beer, the first Palestinian microbrewed beer, and the second is Sharaka, a community supported agriculture group in the West Bank, which supports “reinvention” in the sense of rediscovering local Palestinian foods and making them available to consumers. Both movements assert their opposition to the occupation: Taybeh invites consumers to “taste the revolution” in their beer, while Sharaka invites consumers to seek out the local “baladi” taste of Palestinian products instead of Israeli-produced food products. The article investigates the important differences between the two in terms of their orientation toward international (Taybeh) or local markets and audiences (Sharaka). The two also differ crucially in their attitude toward effective resistance: through developing Palestinian firms within a neoliberal economy or in striving for an independent Palestinian agriculture in opposition to dependence on Israeli food products. Further, the two differ on practices of boycott: Sharaka supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement whereas Taybeh actively seeks Israeli markets for its beer.

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Łabądź, Krzysztof. "Problemy związane z badaniem opozycji politycznej (przypadek Polski)." Politeja 15, no. 53 (June 30, 2018): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.53.14.

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Problems Associated with Analysing Political Opposition (Based on Poland)Studies on political opposition in the contemporary Poland present a range of difficulties and require making a lot of decisions. They are connected, among other things, with defining political opposition and determining designates that fall within the range of this definition, specifying conditions and measures tha enable individual political groups to be classified to its various types (mainly the conditions concerning distinguishing anti‑system opposition) and primarily determining the manner of ‘measuring’ the resistance degree assuming that ‘resistance’ is a variable that can assume various values. It is also significant to specify the degree of integrity (normative consensus and structural integrity) of opposition, i.e. the factor that influences its power of action. This paper presents these problems together with certain methods of solving them used in the studies conducted. It was concluded that studies in the subject of opposition require various methods and different research perspectives, including behaviourism and interpretationism.

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JACKSON, ROBERT B. "CALIFORNIA'S MEDICAL PRACTICE ACT: Chiropractors Amend Without Medical Opposition – 1967." Journal of Chiropractic Humanities 5 (1995): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1556-3499(13)60047-9.

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Debouzy, Marianne. "Working for McDonald's, France: Resistance to the Americanization of Work." International Labor and Working-Class History 70, no. 1 (October 2006): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547906000196.

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Since 9/11 an enormous amount of literature and media coverage has been devoted to anti-Americanism in France. Yet the American model seems to be overwhelmingly present in French life and culture. There is a fascination for it among all classes, from disadvantaged suburban youths who try to imitate African Americans, follow American clothing fashions, and have Power Rangers as heroes, to political elites who never tire of recommending to us the American model (pension funds, the two-party system, education, etc.) and propose adapting it to the French setting. Nothing illustrates this paradox better than the controversial and popular institution of McDonald's in France, which is loved and hated to the point of occasionally provoking a national crisis as well as a number of social conflicts in recent years. After retracing briefly the expansion of McDonald's in France, I will examine the opposition it has aroused, making a distinction between political opposition and opposition in the workplace, which takes the form of a struggle against working conditions, the conception of Mcwork and McManagement. I will look at the people who carry on this struggle and what it all means in terms of resistance to “Americanization.”

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Lynd, Juliet. "Precarious Resistance: Weaving Opposition in the Poetry of Cecilia Vicuña." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 120, no. 5 (October 2005): 1588–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081205x73434.

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Woven through the threads of the poetry, performance, and visual art of Cecilia Vicuña are the image and metaphor of weaving itself, a visual and cultural reminder of an other—indigenous and feminine—form of forging cultural memory. Ever committed to using the aesthetic both to remember the violent exclusions of history and to explore the perpetuation and transformation of the marginalizing structures of power in the present, Vicuña's multigenre work spans over thirty years of Chile's turbulent history of struggle with dictatorship and toward democracy. This essay analyzes the interlacing of textile and text in quipoem, a collection of the poetry and visual art of this author-artist that re-presents a constantly evolving theorization of the complex relation between aesthetics and politics, writing and difference, and memory and power in the postcolonial, postdictatorship context of the Americas in the age of neoliberal globalization.

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Heilke, Thomas W. "Science, Philosophy, and Resistance: On Eric Voegelin's Practice of Opposition." Review of Politics 56, no. 4 (1994): 727–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500019148.

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When and in what way does it make sense to think of philosophical and scientific activity or simply the act of thinking as acts of resistance to political corruption? This article examines Eric Voegelin's extended answer to that question. Voegelin gradually developed a conception of scientific inquiry that distinguished between science, philosophy, and the wider context within which these activities take place. He showed thereby that scientific inquiry may be a valuable form of political resistance, without its practitioners being fully aware philosophically of what they are doing

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Garrett, Dan. "Superheroes in Hong Kong's Political Resistance: Icons, Images, and Opposition." PS: Political Science & Politics 47, no. 01 (December 29, 2013): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096513001637.

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In June 2013, explosive claims and illicit revelations of domestic and global American intelligence surveillance operations, hacking, and collaboration with US Internet and information technology behemoths rocked the world. Simultaneously, the mysterious emergence in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of runaway American intelligence contractor Edward J. Snowden at the heart of the intrigue shoved the small enclave to the fore of global geopolitics. Claiming to rely on Hong Kong's respect for the rule of law and tradition of dissent to shield him against American retaliation and extradition, the dubious protagonist's statements ingratiated himself to local political groups who petitioned Hong Kong and central Chinese governments not to send him back to the United States. During “Defend Snowden” demonstrations at the US consulate in Hong Kong involving hundreds of supporters, placards bearing the image of US President Barack Obama parodied, mocked, and ridiculed the leader of the free world using iconic adaptations of Captain America, George Orwell's “Big Brother,” and Shepard Fairey's Obama “Hope” visuals. Instead of an icon of “American freedom and ideology” (Serwer 2008) and an “idealized American nation” (Dittmer 2005, 627) Captain America, American president Barack Obama, and the United States of America were symbolically transformed into a signified Orwellian caped crusader threatening the world.

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McVeigh, Rory. "The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 49, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306120902418ee.

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Daase, Christopher, and Nicole Deitelhoff. "Opposition and dissidence: Two modes of resistance against international rule." Journal of International Political Theory 15, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755088218808312.

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Rule is commonly conceptualized with reference to the compliance it invokes. In this article, we propose a conception of rule via the practice of resistance instead. In contrast to liberal approaches, we stress the possibility of illegitimate rule, and, as opposed to critical approaches, the possibility of legitimate authority. In the international realm, forms of rule and the changes they undergo can thus be reconstructed in terms of the resistance they provoke. To this end, we distinguish between two types of resistance—opposition and dissidence—in order to demonstrate how resistance and rule imply each other. We draw on two case studies of resistance in and to international institutions to illustrate the relationship between rule and resistance and close with a discussion of the normative implications of such a conceptualization.

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Haberkorn, Tyrell. "Repression, Resistance, and the Law in Post-Coup Thailand." Current History 114, no. 773 (September 1, 2015): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2015.114.773.241.

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Yatmanov, A. N. "Psychological features of cadets with military professional maladjustment." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25926.

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The psychological characteristics of professionally maladapted cadets are considered. For signs of maladjustment were taken: performance - 3,5 points and below; physical fitness - 3 points and below; high incidence: the number of days of work loss from the beginning of the school year - 11 days or more; low discipline; poor relationship with the command and with colleagues, low psychological stability. Psychological personality traits can both contribute to the military-professional adaptation, and hinder it. Well-adapted cadets for training in a military college are characterized by a high level of stress tolerance, they are curious, have flexible thinking, they have hyperthymic characterological features. Professionally maladjusted cadets are characterized by stereotyped thinking, the prevalence of anxious and exalted character traits, the use of physical force against another person, readiness for the manifestation of negative feelings with the slightest excitement (hot temper), suspicion of relations with others, the expression of negative feelings as through form (cry , screeching), and through the content of verbal responses (curses, threats), the oppositional manner in behavior from passive resistance to active struggle From established customs and laws, they are more aggressive. Based on discriminant modeling, a highly informative forecast model of military professional maladjustment of cadets was developed as part of medical and psychological support measures (Wilks lambda: 0,29207 approx. F (4,58)=35,146; p

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Olmstead, Alan L., and Paul W. Rhode. "Not on My Farm! Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication in the United States." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 3 (September 2007): 768–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000307.

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The active opposition to technical change has frequently impeded economic growth. This article examines the widespread resistance to government-led campaigns to use new tuberculin testing technologies to eradicate bovine tuberculosis in the United States. We explore three issues: the political economy of opposition; the role of earlier scientific controversies in the discourse; and the techniques used by the opponents. Over time, the protests shifted from challenging the scientific merits of the testing technology to more nuts-and-bolts distributional and administrative issues.

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Guez, Gérard. "Opposition à contrôle fiscal – Évaluation d’office." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2010, no. 424 (July 2010): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(10)70614-6.

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Marcot, Francois. "La direction de Peugeot sous l'Occupation: petainisme, reticence, opposition et resistance." Le Mouvement social, no. 189 (October 1999): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3780203.

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Maguire, Meg, Annette Braun, and Stephen Ball. "Discomforts, opposition and resistance in schools: the perspectives of union representatives." British Journal of Sociology of Education 39, no. 7 (April 27, 2018): 1060–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2018.1443431.

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Phayer, Michael, Francis R. Nicosia, and Lawrence D. Stokes. "Germans against Nazism, Nonconformity, Opposition and Resistance in the Third Reich." German Studies Review 16, no. 1 (February 1993): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430264.

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Werth, Paul W. (Paul William). "From Resistance to Subversion: Imperial Power, Indigenous Opposition, and Their Entanglement." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 1, no. 1 (2000): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2008.0126.

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Pedersen, Alexandra. "Landscapes of Resistance: Community Opposition to Canadian Mining Operations in Guatemala." Journal of Latin American Geography 13, no. 1 (2014): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2014.0018.

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Si, Tapas, and Ramkinkar Dutta. "Partial Opposition-Based Particle Swarm Optimizer in Artificial Neural Network Training for Medical Data Classification." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 18, no. 05 (September 2019): 1717–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622019500329.

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This paper presents an improved opposition-based Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) with partial opposition-based learning. The partial opposition-based learning scheme is a new form of opposition-based learning and it is employed to improve the performance. Nowadays, the artificial neural network (ANN), an important machine learning tool, is used in medicine especially in medical disease diagnosis. ANN training is a complex task and a training algorithm has a significant role in ANN’s performance. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is applied in training of Multi-Layer Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) for classification task in medical data mining. The classification task is carried out on 15 well-known medical data sets. A comparative study has been made with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony, Trigonometric Mutation Differential Evolution, basic PSO and other nine opposition-based PSO algorithms. The experimental results with statistical analysis demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than all other algorithms in classification.

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Warraich, Haider J. "Religious Opposition to Polio Vaccination." Emerging Infectious Diseases 15, no. 6 (June 2009): 978a—978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1506.090087.

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Hughes, Sarah M. "On resistance in human geography." Progress in Human Geography 44, no. 6 (October 9, 2019): 1141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132519879490.

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This paper outlines scholarship on resistance within geography. Its contention is that conceptualisations of resistance are characterised by a predetermination of form that particular actions or actors must assume to constitute resistance. Asking what we risk ignoring if we only focus on predetermined, recognisable resistant forms, the paper revisits some of the fundamental assumptions (of intention, linearity and opposition) that underpin accounts of resistance. It calls for geographers to engage with resistance in emergence. The paper concludes by detailing what this might look like in practice, including intersections with work on potentiality, incoherent subjects, agentic materiality and speculative futures.

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López, Edwin. "Race, Culture, and Resistance at Standing Rock: an Analysis of Racialized Dispossession and Indigenous Resistance." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 18, no. 1-2 (January 18, 2019): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341508.

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Abstract This article examines role of culture in the struggle to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline. To better frame this analysis, I introduce the concept of “racialized political cultures of opposition.” I turn to the Lakota prophecy of the “Black Snake” to show how water protectors refashioned an old folkloric belief to 1) name the source of the problem, 2) connect their immediate concerns to the centuries long history of colonialism, and 3) mobilize resistance. Important to this analysis is how an assemblage of cultural elements enabled water protectors to connect their struggle to non-Lakota and non-Indigenous peoples.

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van der Toorn, Jojanneke, John T. Jost, Dominic J. Packer, Sharareh Noorbaloochi, and Jay J. Van Bavel. "In Defense of Tradition: Religiosity, Conservatism, and Opposition to Same-Sex Marriage in North America." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 10 (July 22, 2017): 1455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217718523.

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Arguments opposing same-sex marriage are often made on religious grounds. In five studies conducted in the United States and Canada (combined N = 1,673), we observed that religious opposition to same-sex marriage was explained, at least in part, by conservative ideology and linked to sexual prejudice. In Studies 1 and 2, we discovered that the relationship between religiosity and opposition to same-sex marriage was mediated by explicit sexual prejudice. In Study 3, we saw that the mediating effect of sexual prejudice was linked to political conservatism. Finally, in Studies 4a and 4b we examined the ideological underpinnings of religious opposition to same-sex marriage in more detail by taking into account two distinct aspects of conservative ideology. Results revealed that resistance to change was more important than opposition to equality in explaining religious opposition to same-sex marriage.

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Heinecke, Rosslyn. "Resistance factors in critical incident management." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 3 (November 1993): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100002168.

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This paper explores resistance and contextual variables which impinge on the successful implementation, adoption and management of critical incidents. Time constraints and uncertainty are two constant and overriding forces within the critical incident framework. These implicit pressures interact within different levels of the culture of the organisation, school or community. Two distinct yet interactive levels are discussed. They are the idiographic or personal domain, and the nomothetic or social system domain. The idiographic dimension includes personality variables as well as the role of the key stakeholders in critical incident management. The nomothetic dimension involves the organisation's social system, which has process variables and linkage mechanisms which need to be understood so that successful critical incident management can be ensured.Resistance, or refusal to comply, has been a common pervading and often intangible force in schools in relation to the management of critical incidents. My perception of this opposition to the design and implementation of critical incident management plans has been the driving force for me to think about reasons why this is so, to collect research and to write this paper.On a continuum, resistance and its opposite, acceptance, represent the endpoints of a critical incident management perspective. Opposition or resistance to a new idea, in this case, critical incident management, can be counteracted by guidance, knowledge and involvement. These are the principles of two well known models of problem solving: the Discount Hierarchy used in the NSW Child Protection Program (1988) and the Concerns Based Adoption Model (CBAM, Loucks etal., 1975).

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O'Brien, Kevin J. "Rightful Resistance." World Politics 49, no. 1 (October 1996): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.1996.0022.

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How is one to understand contentious acts that open channels of participation while also making use of existing channels? Rightful resistance is a partly institutionalized form of popular action that employs laws, policies, and other established values to defy power holders who have failed to live up to some ideal or who have not implemented a popular measure. Analysis of opposition to cadre misconduct in rural China, supported by evidence from the United States, Norway, and South Africa, suggests that resistance can share a common dynamic despite its occurrence in strikingly dissimilar settings. Aggrieved individuals and groups turn to established principles to anchor their defiance; use legitimating myths and normative language to frame their claims; rely on existing statutes and government commitments when leveling their charges; and locate and mobilize advocates within officialdom. In differing contexts, a combination of rights talk, legal tactics, and open confrontation may induce power holders to surrender advantages in accord with principles that usually favor them. The cases examined further suggest that rightful resistance springs from rights consciousness and increases it and, finally, that it may be more consequential than most “everyday resistance” while remaining less risky than wholly uninstitutionalized defiance.

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Bedford, Sofie, and Laurent Vinatier. "Resisting the Irresistible: ‘Failed Opposition’ in Azerbaijan and Belarus Revisited." Government and Opposition 54, no. 4 (February 13, 2018): 686–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2017.33.

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In recent literature on post-Soviet electoral revolutions in places where attempts at regime change through popular protest did not succeed, opposition groups are often simply regarded as ‘failed’. And yet, opposition actors exist and participate in the political life of their country. Building on the Belarusian and Azerbaijani cases, we argue that opposition actors are maintained in a ‘ghetto’, often virtual, tightly managed by the ruling authorities who exert monopolistic control over civic activities. Opposition actors adapt to the restricted conditions – accepting a certain level of dependency. They thus develop various tactics to engage with the outside, striving to reduce the ghetto walls. To this end this article proposes a typology of what we call oppositional ‘resistance models’: electoral, in the media, lobbying and through education. The models highlight what makes ‘opposition’ in authoritarian states and are a step towards a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon in this context.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Resistance to medical opposition'

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