Relevant bibliographies by topics / Resistance theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Resistance theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Resistance theory"

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Zavarzadeh, Mas'ud. "Theory as Resistance." Rethinking Marxism 2, no. 1 (March 1989): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08935698908657844.

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Pellicano, Roy R. "Theory and Resistance." Urban Education 20, no. 2 (July 1985): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004208598502000208.

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Sprinker, Michael, and Paul de Man. "The Resistance to Theory." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 46, no. 3 (1988): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/431115.

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Belsey, Catherine, and Paul de Man. "The Resistance to Theory." Modern Language Review 84, no. 3 (July 1989): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3732436.

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Melaver, Martin, Paul de Man, and Wlad Godzich. "The Resistance to Theory." Poetics Today 8, no. 3/4 (1987): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1772602.

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Guetti, Barbara Jones, and Paul de Man. "The Resistance to Theory." South Atlantic Review 52, no. 4 (November 1987): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200372.

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Burgess, Glenn. "On Hobbesian Resistance Theory." Political Studies 42, no. 1 (March 1994): 62–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1994.tb01674.x.

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As many have observed, Hobbes's political theory contained elements of an inchoate resistance theory. The present article identifies those elements, and considers their significance for the general interpretation of Hobbes's thought. It is suggested that Hobbes's resistance theory provides evidence of his belief that the artificial commonwealth was built upon foundations of natural morality. If the sovereign ruler of any commonwealth infringed natural morality then she might well face the natural punishment of rebellion, even though in the artificial realm of civil law this rebellion could never be justified. In the light of these remarks, the interpretation of Hobbes given by Howard Warrender is re-examined. Although Warrender's conclusion that Hobbes grounded natural morality in the command of God cannot be sustained, it is shown that much else in Warrender's work remains valid. In particular, his contention that Hobbes was a genuine natural law thinker seems more defensible when Hobbesian resistance theory is properly understood.
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Gross, David S., and Paul de Man. "The Resistance to Theory." World Literature Today 61, no. 2 (1987): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143297.

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Cash, Keith. "Editorial: theory as resistance." Nursing Philosophy 2, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-769x.2001.00044.x.

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Towle, Joseph M. "Book Review: Resistance in Theory, Resistance in Practice." Latin American Perspectives 40, no. 5 (August 15, 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x13492130.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Resistance theory"

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Ricks, Phillip. "A theory of resistance." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5985.

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The dissertation attempts to answer the question of how to theorize resistance from within the philosophy of social science. To answer this question we must consider more than just the philosophy of social science; we also must look to political and moral philosophy. Resistance to the social norms of one’s community is possible to theorize from within the philosophy of social science once we develop a sufficiently nuanced account of social and moral communities (which involves identifying political and moral elements in community formation, reformation, and transformation), according to which membership in a community is not defined by sharing judgments, conceptual frameworks, or comprehensive worldviews, but by sharing terms of discourse so that discussion about judgments, conceptual frameworks, and comprehensive worldviews is possible. Understanding the structure of one’s moral community is not the same as to endorsing that structure. This suggests that contestation is already present within communities about what ‘we’ do, up to and including who ‘we’—as a ‘community’—are. Challenging communitarian understandings of what makes a community a community (usually construed as ‘cultures’, understood somewhat monolithically), I argue that communities are best understood as forming around common concerns or perceptions of problems (sometimes veridical, sometimes not). This contestation plays a major role in determining the identities of communities, and these identities are constantly shifting.
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Reed, Scott Gregory. "Webs of resistance new media, ecocomposition, and resistance theory /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001114.

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Awsumb, Clay Michael. "Subject of Resistance| Conceptualizing "Culture" and "Resistance" in Social Theory." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10147080.

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In this study I approach the contradictory, contentious, and competing notions of resistance as a conceptual problem, with empirical discursive realities, limiting social researchers’ ability to understand relations of power and culture. Using a grounded methodological, I conduct meta-analyses of theoretical, conceptual, and empirical literatures on and/or employing the concepts resistance, culture, and power. From this data, I present a series of emergent epistemic themes as epistemorphs, or knowledge forms, that order a “structure for knowing” characteristic of each term's constitution. I then develop a series of deconstructive analyses aimed at the external validity/reliability and intensional logics of each discursively identified conceptualization structure. I identify in these analyses a series problematics for the intensional logics ordering these concepts. In light of these findings and analyses, I introduce a number of new concepts as an alternative structure for knowing. I conceptualize power in terms of: power (an agent’s properties with capacities to apply force and accomplish things), fortepovon (the praxis of agentic powers), and efikepotenco (the efficacy of powers realized). I introduce a conceptual distinction between ‘the cultural’ (the Discursive mediation of culture) and ‘culture’ (a process of knowledge formation in which experience is made intelligible and comprehensible). In relation the distinction for culture, I introduce a dialectic elaboration of Foucault’s concept of power/knowledge: povonscio (powers in knowledge) and superfortiscio (power determinate knowledge). Returning to the conceptual questions concerning resistance, I articulate a dialectic conceptual formation for resistance and domination as dimensions of fortepovon, rather than being separate and independent phenomena. As an alternative, I propose conceptualizing the praxis of powers as either "oppressive" or "liberating."

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Saar, Martin. "Rethinking Resistance: Critical Theory before and after Deleuze." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72855.

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At the beginning of 1930, Theodor W. Adorno, who was only 28 years old, was awarded the venia legendi (teaching permission) for philosophy and the academic title “Privatdozent”, after his Habilitationsschrift (on Kierkegaard) had been accepted by the faculty of philosophy on the basis of two positive reviews, by Adorno’s older friend and mentor Max Horkheimer and the prominent theologian-philosopher Paul Tillich. This title traditionally comes without academic position or pay, but is the precondition for applications for the position of professor. In early May, he was obliged to give his inaugural lecture to the academic public, and he chose a rather programmatic subject, “The Actuality of Philosophy”, using the occasion for a rigorous critique of the major trends in current German academic philosophy and a bold statement concerning the possible future of a certain kind of materialist philosophy which he was just about to develop.
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Reinisch, Peter. "Locke's theory of justified resistance an explanation and defense." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620241.

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One of the main goals of John Locke's Second Treatise Of Government, is to explain when it is morally permissible for someone to resist their government with force. I call this "John Locke's Theory of Justified Resistance." How Locke derived this theory was be weaving together his thoughts about the nature of God, the law of nature, human nature, human understanding, natural rights, human history, and government. The result is what I think to be and what I hope to prove is a comprehensive and internally coherent moral theory. The theory provides for us the conditions and circumstances in which someone is morally justified to resist their government. Although Locke's theory has been very influential it has not been without its critics. Some of the criticisms have been answered and some have not. In my dissertation I provide answers to the critics. How I answer the critics is by either explaining the theory or by explaining the relevant aspects of Locke's thought that come into play in a given situation. The best way to do those two things is to appeal most often to Locke's own words. Locke is his best defender. Besides explaining the theory and providing answers to the critics, I also examine hypothetical and historical cases studies and apply Locke's theory to them. These case studies test Locke's theory and they allow us to see both the strength and the relevance of the theory, while also helping us gain a deeper understanding of the theory. In the end I offer my own disagreement and criticism of the theory, but I think without undermining Locke's great achievement of giving us an invaluable theory of justified resistance.

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Pan, Mengqi. "Power and Resistance: Reconciling Foucault and Marx." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/580.

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This thesis explores how Foucault and Marx can be reconciled through examining power analyzes and resistant strategies proposed by the two thinkers. This thesis concludes that Foucault and Marx, despite their more visible differences, are not inherently in conflict with each other.
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Abbott, Bryce Alexander. "Cultivating Agricultural Resistance: Alternative Farming as Slow Modernity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23228.

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Contemporary methods of food production in the United States have become undeniably destructive ecologically.  Two of the strongest symbols of that destruction from corporate industrial agriculture are CAFOs (Confined Animal Feeding Operations) and monoculture crop production.  This thesis seeks to find examples of producers refusing these methods as well as what motivates those producers to refuse, and what that refuse could mean politically.  The project is grounded theoretically in the work of critical theorists, especially Herbert Marcuse, because the Frankfurt School\'s criticism of instrumental rationality and understanding of domination functions to elucidate the societal conditions that allow for agricultural (over)production to be swept up in problematic methods in the name of efficiency.

           Part I starts by analyzing academic as well as popular discourses of CAFOs and the historical process of industrializing meat production and agriculture in the United States.  Here both corporate capitalism and enlightenment rationality are indicted and Marcuse\'s theories are put to work to set up what is being refused. Part II uses examples of organic and local food to provide an understanding for how consumption centered refusals can be co-opted by corporate interest.  Part III seeks out contemporary refusals that go past \'green consumerism\' and foster a "new sensibility" that is grounded in a sense of place, ecological cooperation with nature, and refuses corporatism.  In this new sensibility there is a direct rejection of the instrumental rationality, the profit motive and exploitation of nature.



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Al-Abbood, Muhammed Noor. "The cultural politics of resistance : Frantz Fanon and postcolonial literary theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310373.

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Heaton, Dennis. "Resilience and Resistance in Academically Successful Latino/a Students." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1490.

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This work explored the academic success of 10 Latino/a students in Southern View School District, a school district in the state of Utah. The students and their parents, when available, were interviewed and the students' academic records were reviewed. The students were asked to identify a school person, teacher, administrator, or staff person, who could help explain their success. The school person was then interviewed. The data were collated and analyzed using resilience theory and the critical race-based constructs of resistance and resilience resistance. The construct of colorblindness was also used to discuss the participants' attitudes towards less successful Latino/a students and their families. The work revealed that the successful Latino/a students accessed the protective factors of personal strengths and environmental resources to remain resilient and achieve in school. It was also discovered that the students' success was also a form of resistance that was explained using the constructs of conformist resistance and resilient resistance. The student success was revealed as a way to resist oppression and remain in the educational pipeline. It was also discovered that student, parent, and school participants had adopted a colorblind ideology that assumed equal opportunity was available to all without regard to race. These observations led to the conclusion that the school system and the students of color it served would benefit from direct discussion of White privilege and what it means to be of a non-White racial group. The recommendation was that the school should adopt a systematic model of social justice education that could help more student access protective factors and facilitate critical conversations about race
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stark, frankie. "Claude Cahun: La Visibilite Comme Resistance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1362.

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Claude Cahun was an artist and a leader who subverted social binaries by employing a non-determinable style. This intentional ambiguity is omnipresent in all of Cahun’s works, regardless of their style. To demonstrate this commonality, I will analyze her work of theatre, Heroines, five of Cahun’s self-portraits and her autobiography, Aveux Non Avenus. Although Cahun’s artistic mediums are very different respectively, all three of these works use a sense of artistic ambiguity to resist social binaries. Such techniques of indeterminacy include subversive rewritings of famous characters and self-portraits that use motifs such as masks and masquerade to subvert the gaze of the spectator. Additionally, her photomontages include a fleeing gaze, an obstructed gaze, and a gaze that confronts itself. In this thesis, I affirm that Cahun's methods are aligned with queer theory because the way that Cahun uses a queer identity in her works creates a form of political and social resistance against heteronormativity and homophobia. Therefore, I will show all of the ways that Cahun has used visibility as a Jewish gender neutral lesbian for social resistance.
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Books on the topic "Resistance theory"

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Man, Paul De. The resistance to theory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

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Man, Paul De. The resistance to theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986.

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Hoy, David Couzens. Critical resistance: From poststructuralism to post-critique. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2004.

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Albert, David H. People power: Applying nonviolence theory. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1985.

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The resistance to poetry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

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Nonviolence in theory and practice. 2nd ed. Long Grove, Ill: Waveland Press, 2012.

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The power of feminist theory: Domination, resistance, solidarity. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1999.

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Hardin, Joe Marshall. Opening spaces: Critical pedagogy and resistance theory in composition. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001.

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E, Morton Donald, ed. Theory as resistance: Politics and culture after (post)structuralism. New York: Guilford Press, 1994.

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Selma, Koeppe, and Zander Hartwig, eds. Atopien des Widerstands: Max Horkheimers platonische Akademie. Wien: Passagen, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Resistance theory"

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Lambach, Daniel, Markus Bayer, Felix S. Bethke, Matteo Dressler, and Véronique Dudouet. "Theory." In Nonviolent Resistance and Democratic Consolidation, 15–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39371-7_2.

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Bird, John. "Resistance variation." In Bird's Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, 70–77. 7th ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003130338-7.

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Viollet, Catherine. "Discourse strategies — power and resistance." In Critical Theory, 61. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ct.6.06vio.

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Lambach, Daniel, Markus Bayer, Felix S. Bethke, Matteo Dressler, and Véronique Dudouet. "Inching Towards Theory." In Nonviolent Resistance and Democratic Consolidation, 133–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39371-7_5.

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Ren, Ling, and Srinivas Devadas. "Bandwidth Hard Functions for ASIC Resistance." In Theory of Cryptography, 466–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70500-2_16.

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Hadfield, Andrew. "The Resistance to History: Teaching in the Present." In Teaching Theory, 33–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230304727_3.

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Molotnikov, Valentin, and Antonina Molotnikova. "Building a Shear Resistance Operator." In Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity, 341–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66622-4_25.

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Li, Baiyu, and Daniele Micciancio. "Compactness vs Collusion Resistance in Functional Encryption." In Theory of Cryptography, 443–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53644-5_17.

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Eliasson, Leif Johan, and Patricia Garcia-Duran Huet. "Theory and Method." In Civil Society, Rhetoric of Resistance, and Transatlantic Trade, 35–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13366-5_3.

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Skoll, Geoffrey R. "Resistance and the Fight against Repression." In Social Theory of Fear, 153–73. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230112636_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Resistance theory"

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Puzanov, A. O., A. N. Kuleshov, and B. P. Yefimov. "Torch discharge resistance." In 2014 International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory (MMET). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmet.2014.6928705.

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Tang, Wilkin, Y. Y. Lau, R. M. Gilgenbach, M. R. Gomez, and J. Zier. "A higher dimensional theory of contact resistance." In 2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2008.4591083.

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Tang, Wilkin, M. R. Gomez, Y. Y. Lau, R. M. Gilgenbach, and J. Zier. "Theory and experimental measurements of contact resistance." In 2009 IEEE 36th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2009.5227509.

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Khot, Subhash, Madhur Tulsiani, and Pratik Worah. "A characterization of strong approximation resistance." In STOC '14: Symposium on Theory of Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2591796.2591817.

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Wilkin Tang and Y. Y. Lau. "A higher dimensional theory of electrical contact resistance." In 2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivelec.2008.4556501.

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Jansukpum, Kanjana, and Supamas Kettem. "Applying Innovation Resistance Theory to Understand Consumer Resistance of Using Online Travel in Thailand." In 2015 14th International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications for Business Engineering and Science (DCABES). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcabes.2015.42.

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"Recent advances on electrical contact resistance: Theory and experiment." In 2010 IEEE 37th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2010.5534370.

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Rahim, Ashraf, S. N. Prasad, and K. P. George. "Dynamic Cone Penetration Resistance of Soils — Theory and Evaluation." In GeoTrans 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40744(154)169.

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Bitansky, Nir, Yael Tauman Kalai, and Omer Paneth. "Multi-collision resistance: a paradigm for keyless hash functions." In STOC '18: Symposium on Theory of Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3188745.3188870.

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Lindberg, Erik, K. Murali, and Arunas Tamasevicius. "On negative resistance oscillators as modified multi-vibrators." In 2015 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2015.7300072.

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Reports on the topic "Resistance theory"

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Bentley, A. E., I. Horowitz, Y. Chait, and J. Rodrigues. Control of resistance plug welding using quantitative feedback theory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/431135.

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Van Sickle, Kenneth P. Why Johnny Won't Cooperate: An Examination of Behavior and Motivation Theory to Understand Resistance to Change in the Workplace,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328961.

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Amzeri, Achmad, Kaswan Badami, and Gita Pawana. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) in crossing of Madura Maize Plant (Zea mays L.). Innovative Scientific Information & Services Network, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2019.1.

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Hybridization of Back cross is one method to get varieties that are resistant to downy mildew. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on inheritance characteristics of downy mildew resistance. This research was conducted at the experiment center of Agro-Technology Study Program of Agriculture Faculty, University of Trunojoyo Madura. Research of Assessment of resistance to Downy Mildew used a randomized block design with 18 treatments (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 in three sets of crosses, namely LGL x Mdr-3, T12 x Mdr-1 and E02 x Mdr-2) and three replications so there were 54 experimental units. Identification of polymorphic RAPD markers for endurance to downy mildew through Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was done by amplifying the DNA in the resistant pool and susceptible pool. The random primers used were 120 primers from 6 operon groups, namely OPA, OPB, OPC, OPD, OPF and OPG. The results showed that the inheritance pattern of maize genetic resistance to downy mildew followed a segregation pattern of 3:1 with a degree of dominance between -1 and 0, and was controlled by incomplete partially negative dominant gene. OPC-07 was a marker that was linkage close to the resistance to downy mildew with a genetic distance of 1.9 cM.
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Allende López, Marcos, Diego López, Sergio Cerón, Antonio Leal, Adrián Pareja, Marcelo Da Silva, Alejandro Pardo, et al. Quantum-Resistance in Blockchain Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003313.

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This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnológico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The advent of quantum computing threatens internet protocols and blockchain networks because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. When quantum computers become robust enough to run Shor's algorithm on a large scale, the most used asymmetric algorithms, utilized for digital signatures and message encryption, such as RSA, (EC)DSA, and (EC)DH, will be no longer secure. Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time. Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as the thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in order to preserve the integrity of data and assets in their public and immutable ledgers. We have designed and developed a layer-two solution to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet and introduced a second signature in transactions using post-quantum keys. Our versatile solution can be applied to any blockchain network. In our implementation, quantum entropy was provided via the IronBridge Platform from CQC and we used LACChain Besu as the blockchain network.
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Xia, Xlang-Gen. Two-Dimensional Malvar Wavelets and Their Applications in Jamming Resistance Communication and Navigation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378885.

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Abdullah, Nassreen, Lorraine Scanlon, and Deirdre O’Brien. Bacterial resistance mechanisms in urological infections and how they can be overcome. BJUI Knowledge, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0538.

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Lee, Seok Woo. Kinetics and fracture resistance of lithiated silicon nanostructure pairs controlled by their mechanical interaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183698.

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Maltz, Lauren. Structural Studies of Bacterial Enzymes and their Relation to Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms - Final Paper. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213135.

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Maltz, Lauren. Structural Studies of Bacterial Enzymes and their Relation to Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms - General Abstract. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213137.

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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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