Journal articles on the topic 'Resistance exercise intervention'
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Kataoka, Hiroaki, Nobuyuki Miyatake, Naoko Matsuda, Yasuaki Hikasa, Naomi Kitayama, Shion Nagai, and Satoshi Tanaka. "The Efficacy of Short-Term Toe Resistance Training in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes." Healthcare 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010137.
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Resistance training is effective in chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effect on toe pinch force (TPF) is unknown. This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted at three hospitals to investigate the effect of short-term toe resistance training on TPF in chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention (performed aerobic exercise and four toe resistance training exercises) and control (performed aerobic exercise only) groups. After 2 weeks of exercise intervention program, evaluations of TPF and clinical parameters were performed. In addition, the rate of retention of exercise therapy was assessed 6 months after the exercise intervention program was completed. After the exercise intervention program, TPF was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The intervention group had a significantly higher rate of continuation of exercise therapy. Two weeks of toe resistance training significantly increased the TPF in chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. Toe resistance training was shown to be an effective training method for continuing exercise therapy. Toe resistance training is recommended in clinical practice for chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Sweegers, Maike G., Teatske M. Altenburg, Johannes Brug, Anne M. May, Jonna K. van Vulpen, Neil K. Aaronson, Gill Arbane, et al. "Effects and moderators of exercise on muscle strength, muscle function and aerobic fitness in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 13 (September 4, 2018): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099191.
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ObjectiveTo optimally target exercise interventions for patients with cancer, it is important to identify which patients benefit from which interventions.DesignWe conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate demographic, clinical, intervention-related and exercise-related moderators of exercise intervention effects on physical fitness in patients with cancer.Data sourcesWe identified relevant studies via systematic searches in electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL).Eligibility criteriaWe analysed data from 28 randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise on upper body muscle strength (UBMS) and lower body muscle strength (LBMS), lower body muscle function (LBMF) and aerobic fitness in adult patients with cancer.ResultsExercise significantly improved UBMS (β=0.20, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.26), LBMS (β=0.29, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.35), LBMF (β=0.16, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.24) and aerobic fitness (β=0.28, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.34), with larger effects for supervised interventions. Exercise effects on UBMS were larger during treatment, when supervised interventions included ≥3 sessions per week, when resistance exercises were included and when session duration was >60 min. Exercise effects on LBMS were larger for patients who were living alone, for supervised interventions including resistance exercise and when session duration was >60 min. Exercise effects on aerobic fitness were larger for younger patients and when supervised interventions included aerobic exercise.ConclusionExercise interventions during and following cancer treatment had small effects on UBMS, LBMS, LBMF and aerobic fitness. Demographic, intervention-related and exercise-related characteristics including age, marital status, intervention timing, delivery mode and frequency and type and time of exercise sessions moderated the exercise effect on UBMS, LBMS and aerobic fitness.
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Gordon, Brett A., Caroline J. Taylor, Jarrod E. Church, and Stephen D. Cousins. "A Comparison of the Gluco-Regulatory Responses to High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Resistance Exercise." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010287.
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High-intensity interval exercise and resistance exercise both effectively lower blood glucose; however, it is not clear whether different regulatory mechanisms exist. This randomised cross-over study compared the acute gluco-regulatory and the physiological responses of high-intensity interval exercise and resistance exercise. Sixteen (eight males and eight females) recreationally active individuals, aged (mean ± SD) 22 ± 7 years, participated with a seven-day period between interventions. The high-intensity interval exercise trial consisted of twelve, 30 s cycling intervals at 80% of peak power capacity and 90 s active recovery. The resistance exercise trial consisted of four sets of 10 repetitions for three lower-limb exercises at 80% 1-RM, matched for duration of high-intensity interval exercise. Exercise was performed after an overnight fast, with blood samples collected every 30 min, for two hours after exercise. There was a significant interaction between time and intervention for glucose (p = 0.02), which was, on average (mean ± SD), 0.7 ± 0.7 mmol∙L−1 higher following high-intensity interval exercise, as compared to resistance exercise. Cortisol concentration over time was affected by intervention (p = 0.03), with cortisol 70 ± 103 ng∙mL−1 higher (p = 0.015), on average, following high-intensity interval exercise. Resistance exercise did not induce the acute rise in glucose that was induced by high-intensity interval exercise and appears to be an appropriate alternative to positively regulate blood glucose.
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Burton, Ian, and Aisling McCormack. "Resistance Training Interventions for Lower Limb Tendinopathies: A Scoping Review of Resistance Training Reporting Content, Quality, and Scientific Implementation." Translational Sports Medicine 2022 (March 10, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2561142.
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The objectives of this scoping review were as follows: (1) to describe what exercises and intervention variables are used in resistance training interventions for lower limb tendinopathy, (2) to assess the completeness of reporting as assessed by the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and the Toigo and Boutellier framework, and (3) to assess the implementation of scientific resistance training principles. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case series, case reports, and observational studies that reported using resistance exercises for lower limb tendinopathies were considered for inclusion, with 194 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Completeness of the reporting of exercise descriptors and programme variables was assessed by the CERT and the Toigo and Boutellier framework. Reporting of exercise descriptor items from the Toigo and Boutellier framework ranged from 0 to 13, with an average score of 9/13, with only 9 studies achieving a full 13/13. Reporting of items from the CERT ranged from 0 to 18, with an average score of 13/19. No study achieved a full 19/19; however, 8 achieved 18/19. Scoring for resistance training principles ranged from 1 to 10, with only 14 studies achieving 10/10. Eccentric heel-drops were the most common exercise (75 studies), followed by isotonic heel raises (38), and single-leg eccentric decline squats (27). The reporting of exercise descriptors and intervention content was high across studies, with most allowing exercise replication, particularly for Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. However, reporting for some tendinopathies and content items such as adherence was poor, limiting optimal translation to clinical practice.
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van Dongen, Ellen J. I., Esmée L. Doets, Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot, Berber G. Dorhout, and Annemien Haveman-Nies. "Process Evaluation of a Combined Lifestyle Intervention for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: ProMuscle in Practice." Gerontologist 60, no. 8 (April 7, 2020): 1538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa027.
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Abstract Background and Objectives The ProMuscle in Practice intervention combines resistance exercise training and dietary protein intake for community-dwelling older adults, implemented by health care professionals (HCPs). This study aimed to evaluate implementation and context of this intervention in Dutch health care practice. Research Design and Methods We conducted a randomized controlled multicenter intervention study in 5 Dutch municipalities. Eighty-two older adults received the 12-week intensive support intervention (resistance exercise training and individual dietary counseling) and the optional 12-week moderate support intervention (resistance exercise training and a nutrition course). Mixed method data were collected from both participants and HCPs (n = 37) on process indicators recruitment, dose received, acceptability, fidelity, applicability, and context. Results Overall, the intervention was feasible to implement and accepted by participants and HCPs. About two thirds of participants continued with the moderate support intervention after the first 12 weeks. The mean dose received for the training sessions was 83.6% in the intensive intervention, 63.6% in the moderate intervention, >90% for individual dietitian consultations, and 76.8% for the nutrition course. The intensive support intervention was implemented with high fidelity, whereas for the moderate support intervention resistance exercise trainings varied in implementation between exercise providers. Discussion and Implications A combined resistance exercise training and dietary protein intervention for community-dwelling older adults can be successfully implemented in practice. Well-tailored interventions, intensive supervision by skilled HCPs, social aspects, fidelity, and fit within real-world settings appeared essential for successful implementation. These elements are important for continuous intervention optimization to accomplish broader and successful implementation.
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Herrema, Annemarthe L., Marjan J. Westerman, Ellen J. I. van Dongen, Urszula Kudla, and Martijn Veltkamp. "Combined Protein-Rich Diet With Resistance Exercise Intervention to Counteract Sarcopenia: A Qualitative Study on Drivers and Barriers of Compliance." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0126.
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Interventions combining protein-rich diets with resistance exercises seem a promising avenue in helping to prevent sarcopenia. However, compliance to health interventions is generally low. The aim of the present study was to provide qualitative insights into the drivers and barriers that older adults experience when trying to comply with a combined dietary and physical exercise intervention. Semi-structured interviews with 18 older adults participating in such an intervention were conducted and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Most frequently reported drivers to comply with the diet were a fit with existing habits, knowledge on the health benefits, and product properties (taste, convenience, package). Drivers for physical exercises were existing habits, social contacts, customized support, and experienced physical improvement. It is suggested that customized support is important to successfully implement exercise-protein interventions amongst older adults, especially regarding participants’ habits, product preferences, and social environment.
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Otsuki, Takeshi, Takahiro Kotato, and Asako Zempo-Miyaki. "Habitual exercise decreases systolic blood pressure during low-intensity resistance exercise in healthy middle-aged and older individuals." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): H1024—H1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00379.2016.
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Since aerobic exercise (e.g., walking) and resistance exercise (e.g., lifting objects and mopping) are both parts of the activities of daily living, an exaggerated elevation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during aerobic and resistance exercise is an early marker of cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effects of habitual exercise on SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise using both cross-sectional and interventional approaches. First, in 57 normotensive women (61.9 ± 1.0 yr of age), daily physical activity level, as assessed by triaxial accelerometry, was correlated with SBP during resistance exercise at 20 and 40% of the 1 repetition maximum ( r = −0.408 and r = −0.348, respectively). Maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with SBP during exercise at 20% ( r = −0.385) and 40% ( r = −0.457). Physical activity level or maximal oxygen uptake was identified as a predictor of SBP during the exercise in stepwise regression analysis, independent of SBP at rest and other factors ( R2= 0.729–0.781). Second, 66 men and women (64.6 ± 0.9 yr of age) participated in a 6-wk intervention as a part of the training (walking, 4.3 ± 0.3 days/wk, 55.6 ± 4.1 min/day, 70.7 ± 1.2% of maximal heart rate) or control group. SBP during resistance exercise in the training group decreased after the intervention (before vs. after: 20%, 143 ± 4 vs. 128 ± 4 mmHg; and 40%, 148 ± 5 vs. 134 ± 4 mmHg). In the control group, there were no significant differences in SBP before and after the intervention. SBP during resistance exercise after the intervention was lower in the training group relative to the control group. These results suggest that habitual exercise decreases SBP during low-intensity resistance exercise.
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Xie, Yaping, Huifen Zhao, Meijing Zhao, Huibin Huang, Chunhong Liu, Fengfeng Huang, and Jingjing Wu. "Effects of resistance exercise on blood glucose level and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 10, no. 2 (April 2022): e002622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002622.
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IntroductionTo date, the effects of resistance exercise on diabetes-related parameters (blood glucose level and insulin use) and pregnancy outcome in participants with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have not been compared with those of aerobic exercise. To investigate the effect of resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise on blood glucose level, insulin utilization rate, and pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM.Research design and methodsFrom December 2019 to December 2020, 100 pregnant women with GDM were selected and divided into a resistance exercise group (49 patients) and an aerobic exercise group (51 patients) randomly. The aerobic exercise group received an aerobic exercise intervention, while the resistance exercise group received a resistance exercise intervention. Both groups received exercise intervention for 50–60 min, 3 times per week, lasting for 6 weeks. In addition, patients in both groups received the same routine care, including personalized dietary intervention, online education, and school courses for pregnant women.ResultsThe blood glucose level in the resistance exercise group and the aerobic exercise group was lower after the intervention than before the intervention (p<0.05). After the intervention, no significant differences were observed in the fasting blood glucose level, insulin utilization rate, and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between the two groups (p>0.05); however, significant differences were noted in 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level and exercise compliance between the two groups (p<0.05), with the resistance exercise group showing better outcomes than the aerobic exercise group.ConclusionsResistance exercise is more compliant for pregnant women with GDM than aerobic exercise; hence, it is necessary to popularize resistance exercise in this specific population group. Long-term effects of resistance exercise should be evaluated in future studies.Trial registration numberChiCTR 1900027929.
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Potiaumpai, Melanie, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Shin Mineishi, Seema Naik, Baldeep Wirk, Kevin Rakszawski, W. Christopher Ehmann, et al. "IMPROVE-BMT: a protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of prehabilitation exercise for adult haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e066841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066841.
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IntroductionHaematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in adults is an intensive medical procedure for a variety of haematological malignancies. Although there is a large body of evidence demonstrating the negative effects of HSCT on physical function and psychosocial parameters, there is limited evidence on the impact of HSCT on body composition and bone health. Further, aerobic and resistance-training exercise interventions aimed at improving physical function and patient-reported outcomes largely take place during the peritransplant and post-transplant period. Prehabilitative exercise, or exercise prior to medical treatment, has been successfully deployed in presurgical candidates and other tumour sites, yet there is a paucity of evidence on the effect of prehabilitation in HSCT patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, acceptability and safety of a resistance training exercise programme in patients with haematological malignancies prior to HSCT.Methods and analysisIMpact of PRehabilitation in Oncology Via Exercise-Bone Marrow Transplant is a single-site, pilot randomised controlled trial of an exercise intervention compared with usual care. The primary aim is to assess the feasibility, acceptability and safety of the resistance-training exercise intervention prior to HSCT. Secondary aims include evaluating the differences in physical function, body composition, bone mineral density and patient-reported outcomes between the exercise group and usual care control group. Outcome measurements will be assessed: prior to HSCT, on/around day of HSCT admission, +30 days post-HSCT and +100 days post-HSCT. The exercise intervention is a home-based resistance training exercise programme that incorporates resistance band and body weight exercises. The primary outcomes will be reported as percentages and/or mean values. The secondary outcomes will be analysed using appropriate statistical methods to portray within-group and between-group differences.Ethics and disseminationThe study has Penn State College of Medicine approval. Results will be disseminated through scientific publication and presentation at exercise-related and oncology-related scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03886909.
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Nakano, Jiro, Kaori Hashizume, Takuya Fukushima, Kazumi Ueno, Emi Matsuura, Yuta Ikio, Shun Ishii, Satoru Morishita, Koji Tanaka, and Yoko Kusuba. "Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on Physical Symptoms in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis." Integrative Cancer Therapies 17, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 1048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735418807555.
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Objective. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to establish the effect of exercise interventions on physical symptoms, including fatigue, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnea, insomnia, loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhea in cancer patients and survivors. Methods. We searched articles published before April 2017 using the following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PEDro, Health & Medical Collection, and Psychology Database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise intervention in cancer patients, which evaluated cancer-related physical symptoms using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30, were included. Symptom scale data were extracted for meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed for exercise types (aerobic, resistance, and mixed exercise programs). Results. Of the 659 articles, 10 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, of which the mean PEDro score was 5.43 (SD = 1.28). Fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and insomnia were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group at postintervention in cancer patients. However, exercise intervention did not promote or suppress nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhea in cancer patients. The effect of exercise type on each symptom was not different. Conclusion. Exercise intervention was confirmed to improve fatigue, pain, and insomnia and might have reduced dyspnea in cancer patients. However, the benefits of exercise on nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, and diarrhea were not shown in any exercise type. Further research is warranted to examine the effects of exercise interventions on physical symptoms in cancer patients.
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Stevens-Lapsley, Jennifer. "Implementation of a Remote Fidelity Oversight Program for a Multi-Site Exercise Intervention." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1145.
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Abstract The STEP-HI exercise protocol is a supervised, 2 phase, multimodal, high-intensity exercise program that emphasizes resistance training. Exercise sessions are conducted at an exercise facility and occur on two non-consecutive days/week for 6 months. During specified exercises, the exercise interventionist targets the participant’s eight-repetition maximum (8-RM), defined as the greatest resistance that can be moved 8 times through full range of motion with good form. A rigorous, remote fidelity monitoring program maximizes consistency of the intervention across sites. This fidelity oversight program is a model for future exercise studies because of its unique remote, hierarchical structure. All exercise interventionists are initially certified by written examination and direct observations. Some exercise sessions are also video recorded and reviewed using fidelity checklists. After initial certification, repeated direct observation and video-based verification of fidelity are repeated at prescribed intervals for each interventionist to ensure sustained consistency of implementation across sites.
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Mikkelsen, Lone R., Annemette K. Petersen, Inger Mechlenburg, Søren Mikkelsen, Kjeld Søballe, and Thomas Bandholm. "Description of load progression and pain response during progressive resistance training early after total hip arthroplasty: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 31, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215516628305.
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Objective: To describe a progressive resistance training intervention implemented shortly after total hip arthroplasty, including a detailed description of load progression, pain response and adverse events to the training. Design: Secondary analyses of data from the intervention group in a randomized controlled trial. Subjects: This study reports data from the intervention group ( n = 37). Interventions: The protocol described supervised progressive resistance training of the operated leg two days/week in addition to home-based exercise five days/week and for 10 weeks. The relative load progressed from 12 repetition maximum to 8 repetition maximum during 10 weeks for the exercises: knee extension, hip abduction, -flexion and -extension. Main measures: Training load in kilograms (kg) for each exercise, hip pain during, before and after exercise using the Visual Analog Scale and adverse events during the initial four weeks of training. Results: The majority of patients experienced only moderate hip pain during exercise (range in median across exercises and sessions: 5–35 mm Visual Analog Scale) and mild pain at rest (median: 1–18 mm Visual Analog Scale), both of which decreased over time ( p < 0.001), despite a substantial increase in absolute training load (67%–166 % across exercises, p < 0.001). Out of 152 training sessions, short term pain response (an increase >20 mm Visual Analog Scale) occurred in 13 patients in 24 training sessions. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training as described in the present study can be implemented shortly following total hip arthroplasty with substantial load progression and no overall exacerbation of postoperative pain. Some patients may experience a short term pain response. Trial Registration (primary trial): NCT01214954
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Shele, Grei, Jessica Genkil, and Diana Speelman. "A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise on Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5020035.
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. The etiology of PCOS is unknown. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss, where appropriate, remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. Regular physical activity is recommended for women with PCOS to maintain a healthy weight and cardiovascular fitness. Purpose: To review the evidence for the impact of various exercise interventions on hormone levels in women with PCOS. Methods: A systematic review of original studies indexed in PubMed that utilized an exercise intervention in women with PCOS and reported hormone values pre- and post-intervention. Studies in which the effects of the exercise intervention could be determined were included. Results: Vigorous aerobic exercise improves insulin measures in women with PCOS. Resistance or strength training may improve androgen levels, though additional studies are warranted. Studies with yoga are limited but suggest improvements in androgens. Limited information is available on the impact of exercise on adipokines and anti-Müllerian hormone, warranting further investigation. Conclusions: Recommended guidelines for women with PCOS include vigorous aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve measures of insulin sensitivity and androgen levels.
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Chen, Mei-Lan, Elisabeth Burgess, Ying-Yu Chao, Douglas Gardenhire, and Ruiyan Luo. "Effects of Resistance Exercise on Mental Health in Older Chinese Americans: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.605.
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Abstract Regular exercise has shown to be potentially beneficial for improving mental health in older adults. However, few studies evaluated the effect of resistance exercise on psychological well-being in older Chinese Americans. The purpose of this two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to test the effects of resistance exercise training on stress, depression, and social engagement in community-dwelling older Chinese Americans. A total of 30 older adults (mean age 77.9 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned into the resistance exercise intervention group (n = 15) or the wait-list control group (n = 15). The resistance training intervention includes 50-min group exercise session twice weekly for 12 weeks. Participants’ perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social engagement were measured at baseline and 12 weeks follow-up. Descriptive statistics and t tests were performed for data analysis. The results revealed that the resistance exercise intervention group had significant improvements in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social engagement after receiving the 12-week intervention. At baseline, there were no significant differences between the intervention and the control groups on perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social engagement. However, older adults received resistance exercise training had greater improvements in stress levels, depressive symptoms, and social engagement than their control counterparts at 12 weeks follow-up. The findings suggest resistance exercise has positive effects on psychosocial well-being for older adults. Further larger RCTs are needed to assess long-term effects of the resistance exercise intervention.
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Fisher, James Peter, Luke Carlson, James Steele, and Dave Smith. "The effects of pre-exhaustion, exercise order, and rest intervals in a full-body resistance training intervention." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 11 (November 2014): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0162.
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Pre-exhaustion (PreEx) training is advocated on the principle that immediately preceding a compound exercise with an isolation exercise can target stronger muscles to pre-exhaust them to obtain greater adaptations in strength and size. However, research considering PreEx training method is limited. The present study looked to examine the effects of a PreEx training programme. Thirty-nine trained participants (male = 9, female = 30) completed 12 weeks of resistance training in 1 of 3 groups: a group that performed PreEx training (n = 14), a group that performed the same exercise order with a rest interval between exercises (n = 17), and a control group (n = 8) that performed the same exercises in a different order (compound exercises prior to isolation). No significant between-group effects were found for strength in chest press, leg press, or pull-down exercises, or for body composition changes. Magnitude of change was examined for outcomes also using effect size (ES). ESs for strength changes were considered large for each group for every exercise (ranging 1.15 to 1.62). In conclusion, PreEx training offers no greater benefit to performing the same exercises with rest between them compared with exercises performed in an order that prioritises compound movements.
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McGibbon, Chris, Pam Jarrett, Grant Handrigan, Danielle Bouchard, Carole C. Tranchant, Andrew M. Sexton, Linda Yetman, et al. "Protocol for SYNchronising Exercises, Remedies in GaIt and Cognition at Home (SYNERGIC@Home): feasibility of a home-based double-blind randomised controlled trial to improve gait and cognition in individuals at risk for dementia." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (March 2022): e059988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059988.
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Introduction Physical exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognitive function and mobility in older adults at risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), but little is known about the feasibility of delivering multidomain interventions in home settings of older adults at risk of ADRD. This study aims to assess the feasibility of home-based delivery of exercise and cognitive interventions, and to evaluate the relationship between participants’ intervention preferences and their subsequent adherence. Secondary objectives include the effect of the interventions on ADRD risk factors, including frailty, mobility, sleep, diet and psychological health. Methods and analysis The SYNchronising Exercises, Remedies in GaIt and Cognition at Home (SYNERGIC@Home) feasibility trial is a randomised control trial that follows a 2×2 factorial design, with a 16-week home-based intervention programme (3 sessions per week) of physical exercises and cognitive training. Participants will be randomised in blocks of four to one of the following four arms: (1) combined exercise (aerobic and resistance)+cognitive training (NEUROPEAK); (2) combined exercise+control cognitive training (web searching); (3) control exercise (balance and toning)+cognitive training; and (4) control exercise+control cognitive training. SYNERGIC@Home will be implemented through video conferencing. Baseline and post-intervention assessments at 4-month and 10-month follow-up will include measures of cognition, frailty, mobility, sleep, diet and psychological health. Primary feasibility outcome is adherence to the interventions. Primary analytic outcome is the relationship between pre-allocation preference for a given intervention and subsequent adherence to the allocated intervention. A series of secondary analytic outcomes examining the potential effect of the individual and combined interventions on cognitive, mobility and general well-being will be measured at baseline and follow-up. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was granted by the relevant research ethics boards. Findings of the study will be presented to stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed journals and at provincial, national and international conferences. Trial registration number NCT04997681, Pre-results.
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Neupert, Shevaun D., Margie E. Lachman, and Stacey B. Whitbourne. "Exercise Self-Efficacy and Control Beliefs: Effects on Exercise Behavior after an Exercise Intervention for Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.17.1.1.
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The current study examined exercise self-efficacy and exercise behavior during and after a strength-training intervention program with older adults. A model with cross-lagged and contemporaneous paths was tested with structural equations. Within testing occasions, higher physical resistance was related to greater beliefs in efficacy and control over exercise. At 3 months into the intervention, those who had higher physical resistance were less likely to show subsequent changes in beliefs. Those who had higher self-efficacy and control beliefs at 6 months were more likely to report that they were still exercising at 9 and 12 months after the intervention. Findings indicate that exercise self-efficacy and exercise behavior are associated with one another and that beliefs developed during an intervention are important for maintenance of an exercise regimen.
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Christopher, Cameron, Dong-Woo Kang, Amber Normann, Mary Norris, and Christina Marie Dieli-Conwright. "Impact of circuit, interval-based exercise on insulin resistance and adiponectin among minority cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 12059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.12059.
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12059 Background: Hispanic and Black adults have a heightened risk of metabolic syndrome compared to non-Hispanic white adults, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and co-morbid outcomes. Further, Hispanic and Black adults are more likely to be sedentary and obese than non-Hispanic white adults, leading to an increased risk of insulin resistance and poor metabolic health. Exercise improves cardiometabolic health, including insulin sensitivity and adiponectin, however few studies have focused on minority cancer survivors. The aim of our (NCT03284346) was to determine whether a 4-month circuit-based aerobic and resistance exercise intervention can improve insulin resistance and adiponectin levels in breast, prostate, and colorectal Hispanic and Black cancer survivors. Methods: Overweight or obese (BMI > 25.0 kg/m2), sedentary breast, prostate or colorectal cancer survivors who self-identified as Hispanic or Black were randomized to exercise (n = 30) or usual care (n = 10). Survivors in the 4-month supervised exercise intervention participated in a thrice weekly, circuit, interval-based moderate-vigorous aerobic (65-85% of VO2max) and resistance (65-85% of 1-repetition maximum). Insulin resistance, assessed by Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA-IR), and adiponectin levels were collected at baseline and post-intervention from fasting blood sample collection. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and t-tests were performed to assess within- and between-group differences. Results: The study sample was 66 ± 10.4 years old, Hispanic (55%), Black (45%), overweight (78%), and female (60%). Adherence to the intervention was 90% and post-intervention outcome measures were available on 100% of participants. Post-intervention, insulin resistance (within group mean difference: -3.2, p < 0.01; between group mean difference: -4.5, p < 0.01) and adiponectin levels (6.1 ug/mg, p < 0.01; 8.6 ug/mg, p < 0.01) significantly improved in the exercise group when compared to baseline and to usual care, respectively. Conclusions: A circuit, interval-based aerobic and resistance exercise intervention improved insulin resistance and adiponectin levels in breast, prostate, and colorectal minority cancer survivors. Accessible exercise interventions for minority cancer survivors may be effective to mitigate metabolic dysregulation and co-morbid conditions in survivorship and support cardiometabolic health. Clinical trial information: NCT03284346.
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Xiao, Peng. "CARDIOPULMONARY RESISTANCE IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS DURING DIFFERENT AEROBIC EXERCISES." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 5 (October 2022): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228052022_0056.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity is a major cause of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise effects are more effective for fat reduction. However, aerobic and anaerobic exercise have different fat reduction mechanisms. Comparing the intervention effects of different combinations of these exercises could provide an experimental basis for establishing an optimal protocol for weight loss. Objective: To study the effect of different aerobic exercise intensities on cardiorespiratory endurance in obese patients and its impact on fat loss. Methods: 18 obese female college students (BMI≥25) were randomly divided into two groups with different proportions of aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Bioimpedance data and BMI were collected for analysis. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistics, with mean and standard deviation expressed for each index. Significance level at p<0.05 and highly significant set at P<0.01. Results: The weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat content of the two exercise methods were positively changed before and after the experiment. This change had a very significant difference. Conclusion: There was no statistical difference in the interventions for the six weeks. Aerobic exercise can effectively improve cardiopulmonary function, and the benefits are directly proportional to the period practiced. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.
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Davis, Nichola M., Andy Pringle, Anthony D. Kay, Anthony J. Blazevich, Danielle Teskey, Mark A. Faghy, and Minas A. Mina. "Feasibility, Psychosocial Effects, Influence, and Perception of Elastic Band Resistance Balance Training in Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 10907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710907.
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This study utilised feedback from older adults during balance-challenging, elastic band resistance exercises to design a physical activity (PA) intervention. Methods: Twenty-three active participants, aged 51–81 years, volunteered to perform a mini balance evaluation test and falls efficacy scale, and completed a daily living questionnaire. Following a 10 min warm-up, participants performed eight pre-selected exercises (1 × set, 8–12 repetitions) using elastic bands placed over the hip or chest regions in a randomised, counterbalanced order with 15 min seated rests between interventions. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout. Participant interview responses were used to qualify the experiences and opinions of the interventions including likes, dislikes, comfort, and exercise difficulty. Results: Similar significant (p < 0.01) increases in HR (pre- = 83–85 bpm, mid- = 85–88 bpm, post-intervention = 88–89 bpm; 5–6%) and RPE (pre- = 8–9, mid- = 10, post-intervention = 10–11) were detected during the PA interventions (hip and chest regions). Interview data revealed that participants thought the PA interventions challenged balance, that the exercises would be beneficial for balance, and that the exercises were suitable for themselves and others. Participants reported a positive experience when using the PA interventions with an elastic band placed at the hip or chest and would perform the exercises again, preferably in a group, and that individual preference and comfort would determine the placement of the elastic band at either the hip or chest. Conclusion: These positive outcomes confirm the feasibility of a resistance band balance program and will inform intervention design and delivery in future studies.
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Galvão, Daniel A., and Robert U. Newton. "Review of Exercise Intervention Studies in Cancer Patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 4 (February 1, 2005): 899–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.06.085.
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Purpose To present an overview of exercise interventions in cancer patients during and after treatment and evaluate dose-training response considering type, frequency, volume, and intensity of training along with expected physiological outcomes. Methods The review is divided into studies that incorporated cardiovascular training, combination of cardiovascular, resistance, and flexibility training, and resistance training alone during and after cancer management. Criteria for inclusion were based on studies sourced from electronic and nonelectronic databases and that incorporated preintervention and postintervention assessment with statistical analysis of data. Results Twenty-six published studies were summarized. The majority of the studies demonstrate physiological and psychological benefits. However, most of these studies suffer limitations because they are not randomized controlled trials and/or use small sample sizes. Predominantly, studies have been conducted with breast cancer patients using cardiovascular training rather than resistance exercise as the exercise modality. Recent evidence supports use of resistance exercise or “anabolic exercise” during cancer management as an exercise mode to counteract side effects of the disease and treatment. Conclusion Evidence underlines the preliminary positive physiological and psychological benefits from exercise when undertaken during or after traditional cancer treatment. As such, other cancer groups, in addition to those with breast cancer, should also be included in clinical trials to address more specifically dose-response training for this population. Contemporary resistance training designs that provide strong anabolic effects for muscle and bone may have an impact on counteracting some of the side effects of cancer management assisting patients to improve physical function and quality of life.
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Sesaria, Tifanny Gita, Kusnanto Kusnanto, and Abu Bakar. "Effectiveness Various Physical Exercise to Decrease Glycemic Control in Patient with Diabetes Mellitus : A systematic review." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.318.
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Introduction : Physical exercise have been considered as on of ‘standart intervention’ in management of type 2 diabetes. Types of exercise that related with patients such as aerobic exercise, also resistance training. Nevertheless, there is still a low progress and prevalence of exercise in diabetes people Objectives : The aim of study for present effect of various physical exercise aerobic, resistance exercise also combined aerobic and resistance exercise to decrease Hba1c and blood glucose Method: Search the scientific article about diabetes and physical exercise in the database Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Spinger Link and Science Direct for original and full researchResult : The study review combined aerobicand resistance exercise improved the glycemic control of T2DM and it was widely used and significant for glycemic controlConclusion: This systematic review could be used as evidence when increase combine aerobic and resistance exercise as choice physical exercise interventions for the purpose of glycemic control
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Lima, Aluísio, Raphael Ritti-Dias, Cláudia L. M. Forjaz, Marilia Correia, Alessandra Miranda, Maria Brasileiro-Santos, Amilton Santos, Dario Sobral Filho, and Alexandre Silva. "A session of resistance exercise increases vasodilation in intermittent claudication patients." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40, no. 1 (January 2015): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0342.
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No study has shown the effects of acute resistance exercise on vasodilatory capacity of patients with peripheral artery disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a single session of resistance exercise on blood flow, reactive hyperemia, plasma nitrite, and plasma malondialdehyde in patients with peripheral artery disease. Fourteen peripheral artery disease patients underwent, in a random order, 2 experimental sessions: control (rest for 30 min) and resistance exercise (8 exercises, 2 sets of 10 repetitions at an intensity of 5–7 in the OMNI Resistance Exercise Scale). Blood flow, reactive hyperemia, plasma nitrite, and malondialdehyde were measured before and 40 min after the interventions in both sessions. Data were compared between sessions by analysis of covariance, using pre-intervention values as covariates. The increases in blood flow, reactive hyperemia, and log plasma nitrite were greater (p ≤ 0.05) after resistance exercise than the control session (3.2 ± 0.1 vs. 2.7 ± 0.1 mL·100 mL−1tissue·min−1, 8.0 ± 0.1 vs. 5.7 ± 0.1 AU, and 1.36 ± 0.01 vs. 1.26 ± 0.01 μmol∙L−1, respectively). On the other hand, malondialdehyde was similar between sessions (p > 0.05). In peripheral arterial disease patients, a single session of resistance exercise increases blood flow and reactive hyperemia, which seems to be mediated, in part, by increases in nitric oxide release.
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Neuzillet, Cindy, Mathieu Vergnault, Aude-Marie Foucaut, Marina Touillaud, Franck Bonnetain, and Pascal Hammel. "Physical activity in patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A multicentric randomized controlled study (APACaP study)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): TPS506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.tps506.
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TPS506 Background: Exercise during chemotherapy (CT) is a promising strategy to reduce fatigue and improve health-related quality of life (QoL). It has been shown feasible and efficient in various cancers, including at advanced stage. Effects of physical activity in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have never been explored to date. We aim to evaluate the effects of a physical activity intervention in this setting. Methods: Randomized national multicentric interventional study to test the efficacy of an unsupervised home-based 16-week physical exercise program. Specificities of PDAC for physical activity program implementation will be taken into account (physical activity partner instead of patients groups, nutritional management). Main inclusion criteria: histologically confirmed, unresectable PDAC; scheduled for CT; WHO PS 0-2; age ≥ 18; physical activity partner. Two study arms: intervention group invited for the exercise program (aerobic and resistance exercises) in addition to usual care; control group receiving usual care alone. Primary objective: effects on fatigue (MFI-20) and health-related QoL (EORTC-QLQ-C30) at week 16, unified as co-primary endpoint. Secondary objectives: effects on pain, anxiety and depression, nutritional status, insulin resistance, CT tolerance, survival; adherence to the program. Number of patients: 200. PDAC patients are strongly affected by fatigue, thus they are expected to benefit from a physical activity intervention. Moreover, exercise may have a beneficial effect on tumor outcomes, by reducing insulin resistance and insulin/IGF-1 secretions. Such intervention may appear challenging because of multiple cancer-related symptoms (fatigue, depression, pain, denutrition) that can appear as barriers to physical activity. Conversely, we hypothesize that a physical exercise program, by taking into account PDAC specificities, may improve symptoms and health-related QoL. If this intervention is proven to be feasible and effective, such standardized physical exercise programs might be proposed in complement to CT in patients with advanced PDAC as a logical next step. Clinical trial information: NCT02184663.
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Vijayakumar, Suma, Mi-Yeon Kim, Eric Chan, and Ayman Allam. "Effects of exercise on cancer related fatigue in adults: A literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9, no. 1 (August 27, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n1p6.
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Cancer related fatigue (CRF) is one among the common distressing symptoms experienced by cancer patients. Evidence showed that exercise interventions are effective in decreasing CRF. This review is to evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness of exercise interventions on CRF among adults with varied types of cancer in all phases of the cancer trajectory. A literature review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. The results of RCTs (n = 20) that examined the effects of exercise on CRF were combined using two approaches: meta-analysis (n = 18) and summative analysis (n = 2). A summary effects size of the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using random effects model and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic. The results showed overall, a small but significant decrease in the level of CRF (SMD, -0.32; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.12; p = .002) was observed following exercise intervention. Subgroup analyses showed that both mixed modes (combination of resistance and aerobic exercises) and aerobic exercises were effective in significantly reducing CRF (p = .033; p = .046 respectively). The results indicated substantial heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 79%; p ≤ .0001). Summative analysis also suggested that exercise may be effective in reducing CRF. In conclusion, both resistance and aerobic exercises may be effective in decreasing CRF in adult patients. The result needs to be interpreted with caution due to considerable between-study heterogeneity.
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Sherrington, Cathie, Nicola Fairhall, Geraldine Wallbank, Anne Tiedemann, Zoe A. Michaleff, Kirsten Howard, Lindy Clemson, Sally Hopewell, and Sarah Lamb. "Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane systematic review." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 15 (December 2, 2019): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101512.
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ObjectivesTo assess the effects of exercise interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.Selection criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of any form of exercise as a single intervention on falls in people aged 60+years living in the community.ResultsExercise reduces the rate of falls by 23% (rate ratio (RaR) 0.77, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.83; 12 981 participants, 59 studies; high-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses showed no evidence of a difference in effect on falls on the basis of risk of falling as a trial inclusion criterion, participant age 75 years+ or group versus individual exercise but revealed a larger effect of exercise in trials where interventions were delivered by a health professional (usually a physiotherapist). Different forms of exercise had different impacts on falls. Compared with control, balance and functional exercises reduce the rate of falls by 24% (RaR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.81; 7920 participants, 39 studies; high-certainty evidence). Multiple types of exercise (commonly balance and functional exercises plus resistance exercises) probably reduce the rate of falls by 34% (RaR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.88; 1374 participants, 11 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). Tai Chi may reduce the rate of falls by 19% (RaR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99; 2655 participants, 7 studies; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain of the effects of programmes that primarily involve resistance training, dance or walking.Conclusions and implicationsGiven the certainty of evidence, effective programmes should now be implemented.
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Murray, Andy, Michele Marenus, Ana Cahuas, Kathryn Friedman, Haley Ottensoser, Varun Kumaravel, Julia Sanowski, and Weiyun Chen. "The Impact of Web-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Depression and Anxiety Among College Students: Randomized Experimental Trial." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): e31839. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31839.
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Background Depression and anxiety are growing issues for college students, with both aerobic resistance training and mindfulness yoga exercises known to be effective in reducing symptoms and severity. However, no known research is available comparing these 2 depression and anxiety interventions simultaneously and in a web-based environment. Objective This study aims to determine the effects of a web-based aerobic resistance exercise intervention (WeActive) and a web-based yoga mindfulness exercise intervention (WeMindful) on depression and anxiety symptoms in college students. Methods The participants were 77 college students who anonymously completed a Qualtrics survey, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Major Depression Inventory at baseline and after the intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to either the WeActive or WeMindful group and underwent two 30-minute web-based aerobic resistance exercise lessons or yoga mindfulness lessons per week for 8 weeks. Results The results of analysis of covariance with repeated measures indicated that although not statistically significant, both groups showed a notable decrease in anxiety with a marginally significant main effect of time (F1=3.485; P=.07; η2=0.047) but no significant main effect of group and no significant interaction effect of time with group. The 2 intervention groups experienced a significant decrease in depression with the main effect of time (F=3.892; P=.05; η2=0.052). There was no significant main effect of group or interaction effect of time with group for depression. Conclusions College students in both WeActive and WeMindful groups experienced a significant decrease in depression symptoms and a decrease, although not significant, in anxiety as well. The study suggests that web-based WeActive and WeMindful interventions are effective approaches to managing US college students’ depression and anxiety during a pandemic.
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Marocolo, Moacir, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Isabela C. Marocolo, Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota, Roberto Simão, and Alex S. Maior. "Ischemic Preconditioning and Placebo Intervention Improves Resistance Exercise Performance." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 30, no. 5 (May 2016): 1462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001232.
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Ji, Minje, Chaeeun Cho, and Sewon Lee. "Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Normal Weight Obesity and Exercise Interventions for Proactive Prevention." Exercise Science 31, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00318.
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PURPOSE: Normal weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by a normal body mass index but a high body fat mass percentage and low skeletal muscle mass, thereby increasing the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction and morbidity. However, the effects of exercise intervention in reducing the risk of cardiometabolic disease in NWO have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the potential cardiometabolic disease risk and to provide implications of exercise interventions for the proactive prevention of cardiometabolic disease risk in NWO.METHODS: We searched and summarized the literature on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. In addition, we summarized literature investigating the effects of exercise intervention on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. We performed the literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: NWO was associated with increased visceral fat, ectopic fat, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with normal weight lean. NWO requires exercise interventions that induce alterations in body composition, such as decreased body fat percentage and increased muscle mass. Resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can improve lipid components and alter body composition in NWO. In addition, low-intensity blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) may enhance muscular strength and anaerobic power in NWO.CONCLUSIONS: The cardiometabolic disease risk is increased in NWO. We suggest that exercise interventions (RE, HIIE, and BFR-RE) may effectively prevent cardiometabolic disease risk and alter body composition in NWO. As this has potential implications for exercise interventions in NWO, further investigations are needed to find the optimal exercise for proactive prevention of cardiometabolic risk in NWO.
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D’Alonzo, Nicholas J., Lin Qiu, Dorothy D. Sears, Vernon Chinchilli, Justin C. Brown, David B. Sarwer, Kathryn H. Schmitz, and Kathleen M. Sturgeon. "WISER Survivor Trial: Combined Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss Interventions on Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Breast Cancer Survivors." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093108.
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Obesity-associated breast cancer recurrence is mechanistically linked with elevated insulin levels and insulin resistance. Exercise and weight loss are associated with decreased breast cancer recurrence, which may be mediated through reduced insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity. This is a secondary analysis of the WISER Survivor clinical trial examining the relative effect of exercise, weight loss and combined exercise and weight loss interventions on insulin and insulin resistance. The weight loss and combined intervention groups showed significant reductions in levels of: insulin, C-peptide, homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA2) insulin resistance (IR), and HOMA2 beta-cell function (β) compared to the control group. Independent of intervention group, weight loss of ≥10% was associated with decreased levels of insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA2-IR compared to 0–5% weight loss. Further, the combination of exercise and weight loss was particularly important for breast cancer survivors with clinically abnormal levels of C-peptide.
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Umar Zaman, Nur Izzati, Mohd Zaki Salleh, Najihah Hanisah Marmaya, Haliza Hasan, Mokhtar Muhammad, Sahol Hamid Abu Bakar, and Lay Kek Teh. "The Effects of Exercise on the Psycho-cognitive Function of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Young Adults." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.2767.2021.
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The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise required for one to have beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effects of varying modes of exercises and the duration required to improve BDNF functions, specifically in the young adults. The types of exercises evaluated in the meta-analysis include (1) single bout of acute aerobic exercise, (2) repeated and frequent sessions of aerobic exercise (program exercise) over a course of several weeks, and (3) resistance training. Only a single bout of acute aerobic exercise (z=4.92, p=0.00001) is sufficient to cause an increase in BDNF following exercise intervention, while program exercise (z=1.02, p=0.31) and resistance training (z=0.92, p=0.36) demonstrated inconsistencies, some exhibited significant increase in BDNF levels while others exhibited similar results with the control groups.
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Liu, Xiangyu, Xiong Xue, Junsheng Tian, Xuemei Qin, Shi Zhou, Anping Chen, and Yumei Han. "Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041645.
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The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.
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Shin, Ho-Jin, Sung-Hyeon Kim, Han Jo Jung, Hwi-young Cho, and Suk-Chan Hahm. "Manipulative Therapy Plus Ankle Therapeutic Exercises for Adolescent Baseball Players with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 4997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144997.
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Manipulative therapies and exercises are commonly used for the management of chronic ankle instability (CAI), but there is no evidence regarding the efficacy of high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation (HVLA) in addition to ankle therapeutic exercise to improve CAI in adolescent baseball players (ABP). To compare the effects of HVLA plus ankle therapeutic exercise and ankle therapeutic exercise alone on ankle status, pain intensity, pain pressure threshold (PPT), range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint, and balance ability in ABP with CAI, a single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 31 ABP with CAI were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 16) or control (n = 15) groups. The intervention group received HVLA plus resistance exercise twice a week for 4 weeks, while the control group received resistance exercise alone. Ankle status, pain intensity, PPT, ROM, and balance ability were assessed before and after the intervention. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores showed significant group and time interactions (total, p = 0.002; pain, p < 0.001; alignment, p = 0.001). There were significant group and time interactions in pain intensity (resting pain, p = 0.008; movement pain, p < 0.001). For ROM, there were significant group and time interactions on dorsiflexion (p = 0.006) and eversion (p = 0.026). The unipedal stance of the balance ability showed significant group and time interactions in path length (p = 0.006) and velocity (p = 0.006). Adding HVLA to resistance exercises may be synergistically effective in improving the ankle status, pain intensity, ROM, and balance ability in ABP with CAI.
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Wu, Weibing, Xiaodan Liu, Peijun Li, Ning Li, and Zhenwei Wang. "Effect of Liuzijue Exercise Combined with Elastic Band Resistance Exercise on Patients with COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (June 11, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2361962.
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Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Liuzijue exercise combined with elastic band resistance exercise on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide a convenient, safe, and cost-effective exercise. Methods. Subjects were randomly divided into the control group (CG), the Liuzijue exercise group (LG), and the Liuzijue exercise combined with elastic band resistance exercise group (LEG), with 20 patients in each group. The LG performed Liuzijue exercise six times a week (two exercise sessions in the hospital and four exercise sessions at home). The LEG includes Liuzijue exercise similar to the LG and elastic band resistance exercise three times a week, with elastic band exercise implemented after Liuzijue exercise. Spirometry, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), 30-second sit-to-stand test (30 s SST), handgrip strength test, and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were performed at baseline and at the end of intervention. Results. After six-month intervention, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), 6MWD%pred, 30 s SST, and SGRQ were significantly improved in the intervention groups (p < 0.01) and handgrip strength was increased significantly in the LG and LEG (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, improvements in 6MWD and SGRQ were distinguished in the intervention groups compared with the CG (p < 0.01). No difference was significant in all of the outcomes between the LG and the LEG. Conclusions. The intervention program of Liuzijue exercise combined with elastic band resistance exercise and Liuzijue exercise only has beneficial effects on COPD patients especially in the aspect of exercise capacity and quality of life.
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Moreira, Sara, Maria Begoña Criado, Maria Salomé Ferreira, Jorge Machado, Carla Gonçalves, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Cristina Mesquita, Sofia Lopes, and Paula Clara Santos. "Positive Effects of an Online Workplace Exercise Intervention during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life Perception in Computer Workers: A Quasi-Experimental Study Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053142.
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Computer workers’ sedentary work, together with less active lifestyles, aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, represents a high risk for many chronic diseases, leading to a decrease in health-related quality of life (QoL). Workplace exercises consist of a set of physical exercises, implemented during work breaks, that have multiple benefits for workers’ health. Aim: To assess the impact of online workplace exercises on computer workers’ perception of quality of life. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with two groups: a control group (n = 26) and an intervention group (n = 13). The inclusion criteria were that participants must be aged between 18 and 65 years old and the exclusion criteria included diagnosis of non-work-related medical conditions. The interventions consisted of workplace exercises, which were applied for 17 consecutive weeks, each session lasting 15 min, three times a week. The exercise programme, performed online and guided by a physiotherapist, consisted of mobility exercises, flexibility and strength exercises, with the help of a TheraBand® for elastic resistance. The control group were not subjected to any intervention. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36v2) were used in two assessment stages (M0—baseline and M1—final of intervention). A mixed ANOVA with interaction time*group was used to evaluate the effect of the exercise programme. Results: A good perception of the QoL was obtained in both stages. The exercise programme had a positive effect in the domains of Pain (ptime*group = 0.012, η2p = 0.158), Physical Function (ptime*group = 0.078, η2p = 0.082), Physical Performance (ptime*group = 0.052, η2p = 0.098), and Emotional Performance (ptime*group = 0.128, η2p = 0.061). Conclusion: After 17 weeks of workplace exercises, it became clear that the intervention group positively increased their QoL perception, with this improvement being significant in the Pain domain, which resulted in an improvement in their health condition. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the optimal exercise for CWs, with detailed exercise types, different intensities and focused on various health conditions.
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Sun, Yi, and Shuzhe Ding. "ER–Mitochondria Contacts and Insulin Resistance Modulation through Exercise Intervention." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 9587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249587.
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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes physical contacts with mitochondria at specific sites, and the hubs between the two organelles are called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are known to play key roles in biological processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ regulation, lipid trafficking, and metabolism, as well as cell death, etc. Studies demonstrated that dysregulation of MAMs significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Alterations of MAMs’ juxtaposition and integrity, impaired expressions of insulin signaling molecules, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and compromised metabolic flexibility are all actively involved in the above processes. In addition, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance are not fully understood, MAMs may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Wei-wei, Zhang, and Yu Ling. "Study on the Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Fitness of Female College Students with Invisible Obesity." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302038.
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To observe the effect of exercise intervention and nutrition health education on body composition and fitness of female college students with invisible obesity. 60 female college students with invisible obesity were randomly divided into three groups: control group, exercise intervention group and exercise + nutrition health education group. The control group had normal study and life; the exercise intervention group used aerobic exercise and resistance exercise to carry out collective exercise prescription exercise and individual contract exercise; the exercise intervention + nutrition health education group carried out nutrition health education on the basis of exercise intervention. Before the experiment, the three groups of female college students were homogenous (P > 0.05); after 16 weeks of the experiment, the body composition and fitness of the exercise intervention group and the exercise intervention + nutrition and health education group were significantly higher than that before the experiment, among which there were significant differences in BMI, BF%, VFI, vital capacity, 800m, sit forward flexion and sit up indexes (P < 0.05); after 8 weeks of training, the exercise intervention group was significantly higher than that before the experiment (P < 0.05) The BMI, BF% and VFI of the exercise intervention + nutrition health education group continued to decrease (P < 0.05). The combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can reduce the body composition and improve the fitness level of female college students with recessive obesity. The effect of combined intervention of nutrition and health education on the basis of exercise intervention is better than that of single exercise intervention, and it can promote students to form the concept of reasonable nutrition and exercise actively. It is suggested that the correct nutrition concept and active exercise of the recessive obese college students can reduce the body composition and improve the fitness level of the recessive obese female college students.
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Takahashi, Atsushi, Hiromichi Imaizumi, Manabu Hayashi, Ken Okai, Kazumichi Abe, Keiji Usami, Nobuo Tanji, and Hiromasa Ohira. "Simple Resistance Exercise for 24 Weeks Decreases Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Sports Medicine International Open 01, no. 01 (January 2017): E2—E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-117875.
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Abstract Exercise therapy is effective and recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on the efficacy of hepatic fat reduction. However, the efficacies of exercise therapy are based on short-term intervention. Moreover, no reports have examined whether significant reductions in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are achieved with exercise therapy in patients with NAFLD. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of simple resistance exercise for 24 weeks in NAFLD. 59 patients with NAFLD were assigned to a resistance exercise group (n=28) or a control group (n=31). The resistance exercise group performed 2 exercises (push-ups and squats) 3 times a week on nonconsecutive days for a trial periods of 24 weeks. Patients in the control group proceeded with regular physical activities under a restricted diet throughout the study. The effects of exercise were compared between groups after 24 weeks.Mean ALT level, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance index and hepatic steatosis grade were all decreased in the resistance exercise group. Changes in ALT levels correlated negatively with changes in muscle:body weight ratio in the exercise group.These data demonstrate that 24 weeks of simple resistance exercise comprising squats and push-ups represents an effective treatment for NAFLD.
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Wulandari, Enny, Luh Putu Ratna Sundari, Indra Lesmana, I. Putu Gede Adiatmika, Luh Made Indah Sri Handari Adiputra, and I. Made Muliarta. "THE DIFFERENCE OF THE DECREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL THROUGH AEROBIC EXERCISE AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN PREDIABETES PATIENTS." Sport and Fitness Journal 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spj.2022.v10.i01.p01.
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Prediabetic is a situation where the person’s blood sugar level is above normal but has not fully categorized as Diabetes Mellitus. The decrease of blood sugar level in prediabetes patients can be done in various methods, such as Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Exercise. This study aims to investigate the difference of the decrease blood sugar level through Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Exercise in prediabetes patients. Experimental with pre test and post test two group design is used in this study. It was conducted in Tonja sub-distict, North Denpasar in January until March 2020. The research sample is 24 people, where 21 is woman and 3 man which are randomly divided into 2 experimental groups. Experimental Group I was given Aerobic Exercise and experimental group II was given Resistance Exercise. Glucometer is used as a measurement tool in this study. Based on the result of paired t-test, there is a decrease in blood sugar level in Experimental Group I, which the average before intervention is 146,58±21,33mg/dL into 126,42±21,03mg/dL after intervention and obtained p=0,001(<0,05). In Experimental Group II, the blood sugar level is decreased, where the average before intervention is 142,33±16,71mg/dL and after intervention is 121,83±20,83mg/dL and p=0,001(<0,05). There is no significant difference in the decrease of blood sugar level between two groups with p=0,948(>0,05). The conclusion is both Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Exercise have a good effect in decreasing blood sugar level.
Keywords: Aerobic Exercise; Resistance Exercise; Prediabetes; Blood Sugar
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Mustian, K. M., J. Griggs, O. Palesh, and G. Morrow. "Feasibility of tailored exercise for improving sleep disruption in women with metastatic breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 9129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9129.
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9129 Background: Women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) live for months and years. Long-term effects of cancer and its treatment result in chronic symptoms, such as sleep disruption (SDN) that diminish quality of life (QOL). Exercise reduces SDN and minimizes QOL deficits in women with early stage breast cancer during adjuvant treatment, but the feasibility and efficacy of exercise for women with advanced disease is not well established. This phase I pilot study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a tailored exercise intervention for reducing SDN in women with MBC. Methods: Women with MBC (N=12; mean age=50; disease-free interval 0–10yrs) participated in an 8-week, low to moderately intense, exercise intervention (3x's/wk). The program included flexibility, core stability, aerobic, and resistance training. Results: The intervention was safe, well-tolerated with no adverse events, and well-liked by patients and oncologists. The participants exercised an average of 3.5 days (SD=1.5) a week for 58 minutes (SD=12.9) per exercise session at a moderate intensity (RPE of 3.6; SD=1.2) during the 8-week intervention. Patients spent an average of 25 minutes (SD=7.8) in cardiovascular exercise, 21 minutes (SD=5.5) in resistance exercise, and 10 minutes (SD = 2.2) in flexibility and core stability exercise per exercise session. Paired t-tests showed statistically significant improvements in SDN (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) from baseline to week 4 (mean change=2.56; SE=.96; t1,8 = 2.70, p ≤.05). SDN Also improved from baseline to week 8 (mean change=2.13; SE=1.22). Conclusion: Phase II and III randomized, controlled trials are warranted to substantiate the efficacy of this tailored exercise intervention for improving SDN and, ultimately, QOL and survival among women with MBC. Supported by Roche Biomedical and NCI grant 1R25CA102618 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Shao, Wenjuan, Hanyue Zhang, Han Qi, and Yimin Zhang. "The effects of exercise on body composition of prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy: An update systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): e0263918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263918.
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Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment for prostate cancer. However, this therapy is associated with various adverse effects, such as increased body fat and decreased bone mineral density. Exercise may be useful for ameliorating these adverse effects, although it is not completely effective. This review aimed to clarify how exercise interventions influenced body composition and bone mineral density and to explore the most effective exercise program among prostate cancer patients who received androgen deprivation therapy. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases for reports of randomised controlled trials that were published until October 2021. All studies involved prostate cancer patients who received androgen deprivation therapy and completed aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and/or impact exercise training. Outcomes were defined as lean body mass, body fat mass, body fat rate, regional and whole-body bone mineral density. Thirteen reports regarding 12 randomised clinical trials (715 participants) were included. Relative to the control group, exercise intervention provided a higher lean body mass (mean difference: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.40 to 1.36, P<0.01), a lower body fat mass (mean difference: -0.60, 95% confidence interval: -1.10 to -0.10, P<0.05), and a lower body fat rate (mean difference: -0.93, 95% confidence interval: -1.39 to -0.47, P<0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed greater efficacy for exercise duration of ≥6 months (vs. <6 months) and exercise immediately after the therapy (vs. delayed exercise). No significant differences were observed in the bone mineral density outcomes. Exercise can help ameliorate the adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy in body composition, with combination exercises including resistance exercise, 8–12 repetition maximum of resistance exercise intensity, prolonged exercise duration, and performing exercise immediately after therapy providing better amelioration. And the combination of resistance and impact exercise appears to be the best mode for improving the bone mineral density.
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Dittus, Kim, Janice Bunn, Zachary Paul, and Jean Harvey-Berino. "Anthropometric change among breast cancer survivors provided a behaviorally based weight loss intervention." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 9591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9591.
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9591 Background: A majority of women with breast cancer are overweight or obese. Weight gain and loss of lean body mass often accompany chemotherapy. Excess weight is associated with increased risk of recurrence and decreased overall survival. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of a behavioral based weight loss intervention for breast cancer survivors who did and did not receive chemotherapy and to determine if additional resistance training enhances weight loss. Methods: Women with a BMI of 26-50 and stage I-III breast cancer were recruited for a 6 mo weight loss program which included individualized calorie reduction, 300 min of weekly exercise and a weekly online “chat”. Resistance training consisted of 2x/wk 30 min resistance exercises. Anthropometric measures; kcal measured by 24-hr recalls; and physical activity measured by accelerometer were assessed. Results: Seventy-four women were recruited and 52 completed post testing. The average age was 54 and average time since diagnosis was 33 mos. The average BMI at study initiation was 33 kg/m2. Overall the survivors lost 5.9 kg (6.7 % of baseline weight). Based on paired t-test evaluation weight, BMI and % body fat were all significantly lower after the intervention for completers and when using intent to treat analysis. There were no differences between groups for anthropometric change. The kcal deficit was significant for the chemo + wt loss + resistance (274kcal) and the no chemo (327kcal) groups but not the chemo+ wt loss group (196kcal). Exercise did not significantly increase between the baseline and post testing. Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors lose significant amounts of weight with a standard behaviorally based weight loss intervention. Receipt of chemotherapy did not influence ability to lose weight. Resistance training may increase weight loss while decreasing amount of fat free mass lost. Supervised exercise may be needed to achieve increases in exercise. Clinical trial information: NCT01482702. [Table: see text]
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Ha, Min-Seong, Jae-Hoon Lee, Woo-Min Jeong, Hyun Ryun Kim, and Woo Hyeon Son. "The Combined Intervention of Aqua Exercise and Burdock Extract Synergistically Improved Arterial Stiffness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial." Metabolites 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100970.
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Metabolic syndrome (MS), characterized by the presence of risk factors for various metabolic disorders, including impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, has a high incidence in the Asian population. Among the various approaches used for improving MS, the combination of exercise and nutrition is of increasing importance. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of combined aqua exercise and burdock extract intake on blood pressure, insulin resistance, arterial stiffness, and vascular regulation factors in older women with MS. A total of 42 participants were randomly assigned into one of four groups (control, exercise, burdock, and exercise + burdock) and underwent a 16-week double-blinded intervention. Blood pressure, insulin resistance, arterial stiffness, and vascular regulation factors were evaluated before and after the intervention. The 16-week intervention of aqua exercise decreased the levels of insulin, glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and thromboxane A2, but increased the levels of the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and prostaglandin I2. The combined burdock extract intake and aqua exercise intervention had an additional effect, improving the augmentation index, augmentation index at 75 beats per min, and pulse wave velocity. In conclusion, aqua exercise could improve insulin resistance and vascular regulation factors in older women with MS. Furthermore, combined treatment with burdock extract intake could improve arterial stiffness via a synergistic effect.
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Papatsimpas, V., S. Vrouva, and D. Bakalidou. "The effect of exercise on the cognitive and physical function of patients with dementia." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1034.
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IntroductionDementia is characterized by a decrease in mental functions, while disorders of balance, coordination of movements and gait are gradually added. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of exercise as a therapeutic strategy for people with dementia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of exercise and its parameters on cognitive and physical function in patients with dementia after reviewing the relevant literature.MethodsReview of the literature based on the research of original scientific articles published in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline and Google scholar using as keywords the terms dementia, cognitive function, physical function, functionality, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise.ResultsA review in the literature highlights the beneficial effect of exercise on patients with dementia. Aerobic exercise and mixed interventions have been studied more, while resistance interventions have been less studied. All three types of exercise have shown positive effects. The methodology differences of the studies make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the optimal intervention in the cognitive and physical function for the optimal result, the type of exercise, the duration, the frequency and the intensity.ConclusionsExercise (physical) may help maintain or improve cognitive function and functionality in patients with dementia but additional study is needed to clarify optimal intervention and establish guidelines.
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Hashem, Ferhana, David Stephensen, Amanda Bates, Tracy Pellatt-Higgins, Ralph (Nobby) Peter Hobbs, Malcolm Hopkins, Hazel Woodward, Charitini Stavropoulou, Ian L. Swaine, and Haythem Ali. "Acceptability and Feasibility of an Isometric Resistance Exercise Program for Abdominal Cancer Surgery: An Embedded Qualitative Study." Cancer Control 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 107327482095085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274820950855.
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Although it is recognized in the early stages of cancer recovery that changes in lifestyle including increases in physical activity improves physical function, there are no clear findings whether low versus moderate intensity activity or home or gym exercise offer optimal benefit. Isometric-resistance exercises can be carried out with very little equipment and space and can be performed while patients are bed-bound in hospital or at home. This embedded qualitative study, based in an English hospital trust providing specialist cancer care, was undertaken as a component of a feasibility trial to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of an isometric-resistance exercise program and explore the suitability of functional assessments by drawing from the experiences of abdominal cancer patients following surgery. Telephone interviews were undertaken with 7 participants in the intervention group, and 8 interviews with the usual care group (n = 15). The gender composition consisted of 11 females and 4 males. Participants’ ages ranged from 27 to 84 (M = 60.07, SD = 15.40). Interviews were conducted between August 2017 and May 2018, with audio files digitally recorded and data coded using thematic framework analysis. Our results show that blinding to intervention or usual care was a challenge, participants felt the intervention was safe and suitable aided by the assistance of a research nurse, yet, found the self-completion questionnaire tools hard to complete. Our study provides an insight of trial processes, participants’ adherence and completion of exercise interventions, and informs the design and conduct of larger RCTs based on the experiences of abdominal cancer surgery patients.
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Normann, AJ, D.-W. Kang, CN Christopher, MK Norris, and CM Dieli-Conwright. "Improved Sleep Quality Is Associated with Reduced Insulin Resistance in Cancer Survivors Undertaking Circuit, Interval-Based Exercise." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 31, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0472.
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Purpose: Cancer patients often experience poor sleep quality, typically induced by cancer-related treatments, a sedentary lifestyle, and psychological distress, leading to an increased risk of metabolic dysregulation such as obesity and insulin resistance. In this novel 16-week pilot study, we examined the effect of a circuit-based aerobic and resistance exercise intervention on self-reported sleep quality in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors and explored the association between changes in sleep quality and insulin resistance. Methods: Survivors of breast, prostate or colorectal cancers who were sedentary, overweight or obese (BMI>25.0 kg/m2) were randomized to exercise (n=60) or usual care (n=30). The 16-week intervention included supervised moderate-vigorous aerobic (65-85% of VO2max) and resistance (65-85% of 1-repetition maximum) exercise performed in a circuit, interval fashion three times per week. Patient-reported sleep quality and insulin resistance were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA-IR), respectively. Mean changes in PSQI score that are negative demonstrate improvements in sleep. Between-group differences were determined using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Associations between changes in PSQI and insulin resistance were computed using Pearson correlations. Results: Participants were 63.2±10.8 years old, obese (87%), female (55%), and completed chemotherapy + radiation therapy (75%). Adherence to the intervention was 92% and the retention rate was 100%. Post-intervention, the PSQI global score improved significantly in the exercise group when compared to usual care (mean between-group difference, -2.7; 95% CI, -4.2 to -0.6). Change in PSQI was inversely associated with change in HOMA-IR (r=-0.91; p<0.01) among the exercise group. Conclusions: A circuit, interval-based aerobic and resistance exercise intervention improved patient-reported sleep quality in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors. Additionally, this exercise-induced improvement in sleep-quality may result in reduced insulin resistance.
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Chowdhury, Kawshik K., Dallas J. Legare, and W. Wayne Lautt. "Exercise enhancement of hepatic insulin-sensitising substance-mediated glucose uptake in diet-induced prediabetic rats." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 5 (July 5, 2012): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002267.
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The sensitisation of insulin action in response to a meal (i.e. meal-induced insulin sensitisation, MIS) represents one of the major means of increased glucose disposal in peripheral tissues during the postprandial state. MIS occurs when the release of hepatic insulin-sensitising substance (HISS) stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Our previous study had demonstrated that the HISS pathway is impaired in age-associated insulin resistance, and in the rats which were part of that study, voluntary exercise improved the response to insulin by restoring HISS action. The present study tests the hypothesis that voluntary exercise would reverse insulin resistance in diet-induced models of insulin resistance, and that the benefits are attributed through the improvement in HISS action. In this study, two experimental diets, a high-fat diet (for 4 weeks) and 35 % sucrose solution (for 9 and 16 weeks), were used to induce insulin resistance in rats. These rats were assigned to the exercise/no-exercise intervention. The effect of 7 d voluntary running-wheel exercise was determined by measuring insulin- and HISS action in the exercised rats and comparing them with the non-exercised controls. Voluntary exercise reversed insulin resistance, caused by dietary manipulation, through restoration of the HISS action. The direct insulin action was not changed by either diet or exercise. The metabolic improvements and reduced adiposity correlated with the extent of reversal of HISS action induced by exercise. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced insulin resistance primarily by restoration of HISS-mediated glucose uptake.
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Nowotny, Alexandre Henrique, Mariene Guizeline Calderon, Pablo Albuquerque de Souza, Andreo Fernando Aguiar, Guillaume Léonard, Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira Alves, Cesar Ferreira Amorim, and Rubens Alexandre da Silva. "Lumbar stabilisation exercises versus back endurance-resistance exercise training in athletes with chronic low back pain: protocol of a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (November 2018): e000452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000452.
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BackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) is an important disorder in athletes that may negatively affect their performance in competitions. The literature usually recommends physiotherapy based on exercises for back pain management in athletes. Recent evidence suggests that interventions based on lumbar muscle stabilisation exercises (LMSE) and back endurance-resistance exercises (BERE) may improve back pain and function performance. However, it is still unclear which type of exercise is more effective for the treatment of CLBP in athletes.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of LMSE versus BERE in athletes with CLBP.DesignThe study is a 2-arm, prospectively registered, randomised controlled trial.SettingThe physical therapy clinical and biomechanics laboratory of the UNOPAR University.Participants32 male athletes with CLBP, age between 18 and 40 years old, recruited from the local community.InterventionAn 8-week intervention programme will be carried out with LMSE s versus BERE.MeasurementsTrunk neuromuscular patterns during balance tasks (unipodal and over a ball) using electromyography and force platform parameters, pain, disability, fear and avoidance will be assessed by a blinded assessor at baseline and at follow-up after 8 weeks of intervention period.LimitationsThe absence of blinding intervention and the exclusion of female athletes, seated sports and swimmers will affect the internal and external validity of the study.ConclusionsThe results of this study will elucidate which of these two interventions promote better results in trunk neuromuscular pattern, back pain and function in male athletes with CLBP.
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Caetano, Aletha Silva, Frank Shiguemitsu Suzuki, and Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes. "URINARY INCONTINENCE AND EXERCISE: KINESIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF AN INTERVENTION PROPOSAL." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 5 (October 2019): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192505213379.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Research shows that symptoms of urinary incontinence are common among women who engage in physical activity. Objective To conduct a kinesiological analysis of specific exercises for the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), proposing correspondences of these postures through resistance exercises. Methods This research project is of a descriptive nature with level of evidence V. Videos and photos were taken to obtain an image for the collection of data based on the accomplishment of the specific postures. Results The kinesiological study revealed that the muscles involved in the postures of exercises targeting the prevention of urinary incontinence beyond those specific to the pelvic floor were: trunk flexors; spinal erector; adductors and hip extensors. The resistance exercises corresponding to these positions in bodybuilding apparatus were the machine hack squat; sitting adductor exercises; sitting abductor exercises; the smith machine squat and the free squat or machine squat. Conclusion This study showed that it is possible to construct correspondence between exercises for the pelvic floor muscles and resistance exercises with bodybuilding equipment and free weights. A new strategy is suggested for the physical education professional, based on resistance exercises: taking a coadjuvant approach to the treatment and prevention of urinary incontinence during physical and sports exercises. Level of evidence V, Case series.
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Ponde –Ponkshe, Ketki, Ronika Agrawal, and Shimaz Khan. "Comparative Study of Effect of Resistance Exercises versus Aerobic Exercises on Exercise Performance and Pulmonary Function in Adult Chronic Smokers." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 6 (June 22, 2021): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210646.
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Background: Cigarette smoking is the major cause of premature death. It accounts for 28% of all cardio vascular diseases and 40% of respiratory diseases as it is associated with impaired pulmonary function. Exercise is an effective and low cost of treatment which can promote good health of a smoker. Research indicates that individuals who maintain an exercise program are more likely to give up smoking than those who quit exercising. Methodology: 150 subjects were included in the study and divided into two groups Group A (resistance exercises) and Group B (Walking). The exercises protocol was given for six weeks. Pre post PEFR and VO2 max was calculated. Results: both the groups showed improvement post intervention (p<0.05) whereas resistance group showed better improvement than the walking group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic and Resistance exercises both showed significant improvement in PEFR and VO2 max in smokers, however the resistance exercises showed better improvement in the cardiovascular and pulmonary function. Key words: Smoking, Aerobic exercises, Resistance exercises, Theraband.